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Gjøen T, Ruyter B, Østbye TK. Effects of eicosapentaneoic acid on innate immune responses in an Atlantic salmon kidney cell line in vitro. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302286. [PMID: 38805503 PMCID: PMC11132502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of the interplay between metabolism and immunity, known as immunometabolism, is steadily transforming immunological research into new understandings of how environmental cues like diet are affecting innate and adaptive immune responses. The aim of this study was to explore antiviral transcriptomic responses under various levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Atlantic salmon kidney cells (ASK cell line) were incubated for one week in different levels of the unsaturated n-3 eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) resulting in cellular levels ranging from 2-20% of total fatty acid. These cells were then stimulated with the viral mimic and interferon inducer poly I:C (30 ug/ml) for 24 hours before total RNA was isolated and sequenced for transcriptomic analyses. Up to 200 uM EPA had no detrimental effects on cell viability and induced very few transcriptional changes in these cells. However, in combination with poly I:C, our results shows that the level of EPA in the cellular membranes exert profound dose dependent effects of the transcriptional profiles induced by this treatment. Metabolic pathways like autophagy, apelin and VEGF signaling were attenuated by EPA whereas transcripts related to fatty acid metabolism, ferroptosis and the PPAR signaling pathways were upregulated. These results suggests that innate antiviral responses are heavily influenced by the fatty acid profile of salmonid cells and constitute another example of the strong linkage between general metabolic pathways and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Gjøen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Tone Kari Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
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An L, Zhai Q, Tao K, Xiong Y, Ou W, Yu Z, Yang X, Ji J, Lu M. Quercetin induces itaconic acid-mediated M1/M2 alveolar macrophages polarization in respiratory syncytial virus infection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155761. [PMID: 38797031 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin has received extensive attention for its therapeutic potential treating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection diseases. Recent studies have highlighted quercetin's ability of suppressing alveolar macrophages (AMs)-derived lung inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of quercetin against RSV infection still remains elusive. PURPOSE This study aims to elucidate the mechanism about quercetin anti-inflammatory effect on RSV infection. METHODS BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with RSV and received quercetin (30, 60, 120 mg/kg/d) orally for 3 days. Additionally, an in vitro infection model utilizing mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S cells) was employed to validate the proposed mechanism. RESULTS Quercetin exhibited a downregulatory effect on glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism in RSV-infected AMs. However, it increased itaconic acid production, a metabolite derived from citrate through activating immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1), and further inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. While the suppression of SDH activity orchestrated a cascading downregulation of Hif-1α/NLRP3 signaling, ultimately causing AMs polarization from M1 to M2 phenotypes. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated quercetin stimulated IRG1-mediated itaconic acid anabolism and further inhibited SDH/Hif-1α/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which led to M1 to M2 polarization of AMs so as to ameliorate RSV-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qianwen Zhai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Keyu Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yingcai Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weiying Ou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Mengjiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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3
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Ahator SD, Hegstad K, Lentz CS, Johannessen M. Deciphering Staphylococcus aureus-host dynamics using dual activity-based protein profiling of ATP-interacting proteins. mSystems 2024; 9:e0017924. [PMID: 38656122 PMCID: PMC11097646 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00179-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of ATP within cells plays a fundamental role in cellular processes that are essential for the regulation of host-pathogen dynamics and the subsequent immune response. This study focuses on ATP-binding proteins to dissect the complex interplay between Staphylococcus aureus and human cells, particularly macrophages (THP-1) and keratinocytes (HaCaT), during an intracellular infection. A snapshot of the various protein activity and function is provided using a desthiobiotin-ATP probe, which targets ATP-interacting proteins. In S. aureus, we observe enrichment in pathways required for nutrient acquisition, biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, and energy metabolism when located inside human cells. Additionally, the direct profiling of the protein activity revealed specific adaptations of S. aureus to the keratinocytes and macrophages. Mapping the differentially activated proteins to biochemical pathways in the human cells with intracellular bacteria revealed cell-type-specific adaptations to bacterial challenges where THP-1 cells prioritized immune defenses, autophagic cell death, and inflammation. In contrast, HaCaT cells emphasized barrier integrity and immune activation. We also observe bacterial modulation of host processes and metabolic shifts. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamics of S. aureus-host cell interactions, shedding light on modulating host immune responses to S. aureus, which could involve developing immunomodulatory therapies. IMPORTANCE This study uses a chemoproteomic approach to target active ATP-interacting proteins and examines the dynamic proteomic interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and human cell lines THP-1 and HaCaT. It uncovers the distinct responses of macrophages and keratinocytes during bacterial infection. S. aureus demonstrated a tailored response to the intracellular environment of each cell type and adaptation during exposure to professional and non-professional phagocytes. It also highlights strategies employed by S. aureus to persist within host cells. This study offers significant insights into the human cell response to S. aureus infection, illuminating the complex proteomic shifts that underlie the defense mechanisms of macrophages and keratinocytes. Notably, the study underscores the nuanced interplay between the host's metabolic reprogramming and immune strategy, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for enhancing host defense and inhibiting bacterial survival. The findings enhance our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and can inform the development of targeted therapies against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Dela Ahator
- Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS) & Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristin Hegstad
- Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS) & Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christian S. Lentz
- Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS) & Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS) & Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Liu Z, Wang H, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Jing Q, Zhang S, Han J, Chen J, Xiang Y, Kou Y, Wei Y, Wang L, Wang Y. Fam96a is essential for the host control of Toxoplasma gondii infection by fine-tuning macrophage polarization via an iron-dependent mechanism. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012163. [PMID: 38713713 PMCID: PMC11101080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis affects a quarter of the world's population. Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) is an intracellular parasitic protozoa. Macrophages are necessary for proliferation and spread of T.gondii by regulating immunity and metabolism. Family with sequence similarity 96A (Fam96a; formally named Ciao2a) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is highly expressed in macrophages, but whether it play a role in control of T. gondii infection is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we utilized myeloid cell-specific knockout mice to test its role in anti-T. gondii immunity. The results showed that myeloid cell-specific deletion of Fam96a led to exacerbate both acute and chronic toxoplasmosis after exposure to T. gondii. This was related to a defectively reprogrammed polarization in Fam96a-deficient macrophages inhibited the induction of immune effector molecules, including iNOS, by suppressing interferon/STAT1 signaling. Fam96a regulated macrophage polarization process was in part dependent on its ability to fine-tuning intracellular iron (Fe) homeostasis in response to inflammatory stimuli. In addition, Fam96a regulated the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation or related events that involved in control of T. gondii. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE All these findings suggest that Fam96a ablation in macrophages disrupts iron homeostasis and inhibits immune effector molecules, which may aggravate both acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. It highlights that Fam96a may autonomously act as a critical gatekeeper of T. gondii control in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanzhuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yulu Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiyue Jing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shenghai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinzhi Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junru Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaoyao Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanbo Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanxia Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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5
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Liu Y, Lu M, Sun Q, Guo Z, Lin Y, Li S, Huang Y, Li Y, Fu Q. Magnolol attenuates macrophage pyroptosis triggered by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111922. [PMID: 38522137 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen that causes life-threatening infections and various diseases such as meningitis, endocarditis and pneumonia. With the use of antibiotics being severely restricted in the international community, an alternative to antibiotics is urgently needed against bacterial. In the present study, the herbal extract magnolol protected mice against SEZ infection, reflected by increased survival rate and reduced bacterial burden. A pro-inflammatory form of cell death occurred in SEZ-infected macrophage. Magnolol downregulated the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and reduced the formation of cell membrane pores in infected macrophages to suppress the development of subsequent inflammation. We further demonstrated that magnolol directly suppressed SEZ-induced macrophage pyroptosis, which partially protected macrophages from SEZ infection. Our study revealed that magnolol suppressed inflammation and protected mice against SEZ infection, providing a possible treatment for SEZ infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Meijun Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qian Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yongjin Lin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shun Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China; Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yunfei Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China; Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China; Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China; Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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6
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Bhargavi G, Subbian S. The causes and consequences of trained immunity in myeloid cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365127. [PMID: 38665915 PMCID: PMC11043514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, immunity in humans has been classified as innate and adaptive, with the concept that only the latter type has an immunological memory/recall response against specific antigens or pathogens. Recently, a new concept of trained immunity (a.k.a. innate memory response) has emerged. According to this concept, innate immune cells can exhibit enhanced responsiveness to subsequent challenges, after initial stimulation with antigen/pathogen. Thus, trained immunity enables the innate immune cells to respond robustly and non-specifically through exposure or re-exposure to antigens/infections or vaccines, providing enhanced resistance to unrelated pathogens or reduced infection severity. For example, individuals vaccinated with BCG to protect against tuberculosis were also protected from malaria and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and metabolic reprogramming (e.g. shift towards glycolysis) and their inter-linked regulations are the key factors underpinning the immune activation of trained cells. The integrated metabolic and epigenetic rewiring generates sufficient metabolic intermediates, which is crucial to meet the energy demand required to produce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses by the trained cells. These factors also determine the efficacy and durability of trained immunity. Importantly, the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules of trained immunity can be harnessed as potential targets for developing novel intervention strategies, such as better vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious (e.g., sepsis) and non-infectious (e.g., cancer) diseases. However, aberrant inflammation caused by inappropriate onset of trained immunity can lead to severe autoimmune pathological consequences, (e.g., systemic sclerosis and granulomatosis). In this review, we provide an overview of conventional innate and adaptive immunity and summarize various mechanistic factors associated with the onset and regulation of trained immunity, focusing on immunologic, metabolic, and epigenetic changes in myeloid cells. This review underscores the transformative potential of trained immunity in immunology, paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for various infectious and non-infectious diseases that leverage innate immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
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7
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Liu X, Xiang R, Fang X, Wang G, Zhou Y. Advances in Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization State. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:416-436. [PMID: 38206296 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2302828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are significant immune-related cells that are essential for tissue growth, homeostasis maintenance, pathogen resistance, and damage healing. The studies on the metabolic control of macrophage polarization state in recent years and the influence of polarization status on the development and incidence of associated disorders are expounded upon in this article. Firstly, we reviewed the origin and classification of macrophages, with particular attention paid to how the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the three primary metabolites affect macrophage polarization. The primary metabolic hub that controls macrophage polarization is the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Finally, we reviewed the polarization state of macrophages influences the onset and progression of cancers, inflammatory disorders, and other illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Ruoxuan Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Xue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuyan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
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8
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Malemnganba T, Rattan A, Prajapati VK. Decoding macrophage immunometabolism in human viral infection. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:493-523. [PMID: 38762278 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Immune-metabolic interactions play a pivotal role in both host defense and susceptibility to various diseases. Immunometabolism, an interdisciplinary field, seeks to elucidate how metabolic processes impact the immune system. In the context of viral infections, macrophages are often exploited by viruses for their replication and propagation. These infections trigger significant metabolic reprogramming within macrophages and polarization of distinct M1 and M2 phenotypes. This metabolic reprogramming involves alterations in standard- pathways such as the Krebs cycle, glycolysis, lipid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and amino acid metabolism. Disruptions in the balance of key intermediates like spermidine, itaconate, and citrate within these pathways contribute to the severity of viral diseases. In this chapter, we describe the manipulation of metabolic pathways by viruses and how they crosstalk between signaling pathways to evade the immune system. This intricate interplay often involves the upregulation or downregulation of specific metabolites, making these molecules potential biomarkers for diseases like HIV, HCV, and SARS-CoV. Techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry, are the evaluative ways to analyze these metabolites. Considering the importance of macrophages in the inflammatory response, addressing their metabolome holds great promise for the creating future therapeutic targets aimed at combating a wide spectrum of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takhellambam Malemnganba
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Rattan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
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9
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Papotti B, Dessena M, Adorni MP, Paleari D, Rinaldi L, Bernini F. In vitro evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of the nutraceutical formulation AminoDefence. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:173-184. [PMID: 38030612 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2283688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune system (IS) functionality is warranted by inter-dependent processes that balance body defences without exceeding in inflammation. An ideal nutraceutical approach should sustain the protective IS activity while controlling inflammation. The potential immunomodulatory activity of the food supplement (FS) AminoDefence was studied in resting macrophages RAW264.7 and following stimulation of bacterial- and viral-associated inflammation trough LPS and PolyI:C treatments, respectively. In unstimulated macrophages, the formulation exerted a dose-dependent immunostimulant activity by up-regulating NO, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 release, while it dampened the aberrant release of these factors induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli. Exploring the contribution of single components Echinacea purpurea (E. purpurea) extract and quercetin, used at proportional concentrations than in whole formulation, a more pronounced immunostimulant effect was observed for E. purpurea, and an anti-inflammatory activity for quercetin. Hence, AminoDefence exerts an immunomodulatory activity in macrophages by effectively stimulating a protective inflammatory response and limiting it in cases of excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Papotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mattia Dessena
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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10
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Carvell T, Burgoyne P, Milne L, Campbell JDM, Fraser AR, Bridle H. Human leucocytes processed by fast-rate inertial microfluidics retain conventional functional characteristics. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230572. [PMID: 38442860 PMCID: PMC10914517 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The manufacturing of clinical cellular therapies is a complex process frequently requiring manipulation of cells, exchange of buffers and volume reduction. Current manufacturing processes rely on either low throughput open centrifugation-based devices, or expensive closed-process alternatives. Inertial focusing (IF) microfluidic devices offer the potential for high-throughput, inexpensive equipment which can be integrated into a closed system, but to date no IF devices have been approved for use in cell therapy manufacturing, and there is limited evidence for the effects that IF processing has on human cells. The IF device described in this study was designed to simultaneously separate leucocytes, perform buffer exchange and provide a volume reduction to the cell suspension, using high flow rates with high Reynolds numbers. The performance and effects of the IF device were characterized using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and isolated monocytes. Post-processing cell effects were investigated using multi-parameter flow cytometry to track cell viability, functional changes and fate. The IF device was highly efficient at separating CD14+ monocytes (approx. 97% to one outlet, approx. 60% buffer exchange, 15 ml min-1) and leucocyte processing was well tolerated with no significant differences in downstream viability, immunophenotype or metabolic activity when compared with leucocytes processed with conventional processing techniques. This detailed approach provides robust evidence that IF devices could offer significant benefits to clinical cell therapy manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Carvell
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Heriot-Watt Research Park, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Paul Burgoyne
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Research Avenue North, Heriot-Watt Research Park, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - Laura Milne
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Research Avenue North, Heriot-Watt Research Park, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - John D. M. Campbell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Research Avenue North, Heriot-Watt Research Park, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - Alasdair R. Fraser
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Research Avenue North, Heriot-Watt Research Park, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - Helen Bridle
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Heriot-Watt Research Park, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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11
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Harber KJ, Nguyen TA, Schomakers BV, Heister DAF, de Vries HE, van Weeghel M, Van den Bossche J, de Winther MPJ. Adenine is an anti-inflammatory metabolite found to be more abundant in M-CSF over GM-CSF-differentiated human macrophages. Immunol Lett 2024; 265:23-30. [PMID: 38142781 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunometabolism has been unveiled in the last decade to play a major role in controlling macrophage metabolism and inflammation. There has been a constant effort to understand the immunomodulating properties of regulated metabolites during inflammation with the aim of controlling and re-wiring aberrant macrophages in inflammatory diseases. M-CSF and GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages play a key role in mounting successful innate immune responses. When a resolution phase is not achieved however, GM-CSF macrophages contribute substantially more towards an adverse inflammatory milieu than M-CSF macrophages, consequently driving disease progression. Whether there are specific immunometabolites that determine the homoeostatic or inflammatory nature of M-CSF and GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages is still unknown. As such, we performed metabolomics analysis on LPS and IL-4-stimulated M-CSF and GM-CSF-differentiated human macrophages to identify differentially accumulating metabolites. Adenine was distinguished as a metabolite significantly higher in M-CSF-differentiated macrophages after both LPS or IL-4 stimulation. Human macrophages treated with adenine before LPS stimulation showed a reduction in inflammatory gene expression, cytokine secretion and surface marker expression. Adenine caused macrophages to become more quiescent by lowering glycolysis and OXPHOS which resulted in reduced ATP production. Moreover, typical metabolite changes seen during LPS-induced macrophage metabolic reprogramming were absent in the presence of adenine. Phosphorylation of metabolic signalling proteins AMPK, p38 MAPK and AKT were not responsible for the suppressed metabolic activity of adenine-treated macrophages. Altogether, in this study we highlight the immunomodulating capacity of adenine in human macrophages and its function in driving cellular quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Harber
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thuc-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bauke V Schomakers
- Department of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daan A F Heister
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Department of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands.
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, UMC, Netherlands.
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12
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Xue H, Xiao Z, Zhao X, Li S, Wang Z, Zhao J, Zhu F. A comprehensive analysis of immune features and construction of an immune gene diagnostic model for sepsis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:794. [PMID: 38124071 PMCID: PMC10734174 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome resulting from immune system dysfunction that is caused by infection. It is of great importance to analyze the immune characteristics of sepsis, identify the key immune system related genes, and construct diagnostic models for sepsis. In this study, the sepsis transcriptome and expression profiling data were merged into an integrated dataset containing 277 sepsis samples and 117 non-sepsis control samples. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to assess the immune cell infiltration. Two sepsis immune subtypes were identified based on the 22 differential immune cells between the sepsis and the healthy control groups. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WCGNA) was used to identify the key module genes. Then, 36 differentially expressed immune-related genes were identified, based on which a robust diagnostic model was constructed with 11 diagnostic genes. The expression of 11 diagnostic genes was finally assessed in the training and validation datasets respectively. In this study, we provide comprehensive insight into the immune features of sepsis and establish a robust diagnostic model for sepsis. These findings may provide new strategies for the early diagnosis of sepsis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fengxue Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
- National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China.
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13
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Peckert-Maier K, Wild AB, Sprißler L, Fuchs M, Beck P, Auger JP, Sinner P, Strack A, Mühl-Zürbes P, Ramadan N, Kunz M, Krönke G, Stich L, Steinkasserer A, Royzman D. Soluble CD83 modulates human-monocyte-derived macrophages toward alternative phenotype, function, and metabolism. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293828. [PMID: 38162675 PMCID: PMC10755915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in macrophage (Mφ) polarization, function, and metabolic signature can foster development of chronic diseases, such as autoimmunity or fibrotic tissue remodeling. Thus, identification of novel therapeutic agents that modulate human Mφ biology is crucial for treatment of such conditions. Herein, we demonstrate that the soluble CD83 (sCD83) protein induces pro-resolving features in human monocyte-derived Mφ biology. We show that sCD83 strikingly increases the expression of inhibitory molecules including ILT-2 (immunoglobulin-like transcript 2), ILT-4, ILT-5, and CD163, whereas activation markers, such as MHC-II and MSR-1, were significantly downregulated. This goes along with a decreased capacity to stimulate alloreactive T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays. Bulk RNA sequencing and pathway analyses revealed that sCD83 downregulates pathways associated with pro-inflammatory, classically activated Mφ (CAM) differentiation including HIF-1A, IL-6, and cytokine storm, whereas pathways related to alternative Mφ activation and liver X receptor were significantly induced. By using the LXR pathway antagonist GSK2033, we show that transcription of specific genes (e.g., PPARG, ABCA1, ABCG1, CD36) induced by sCD83 is dependent on LXR activation. In summary, we herein reveal for the first time mechanistic insights into the modulation of human Mφ biology by sCD83, which is a further crucial preclinical study for the establishment of sCD83 as a new therapeutical agent to treat inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Peckert-Maier
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Wild
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Sprißler
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fuchs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Beck
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Auger
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pia Sinner
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Astrid Strack
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Mühl-Zürbes
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ntilek Ramadan
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Stich
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmytro Royzman
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Lee JW, Kim HW, Yu AR, Yoon HS, Kang M, Park HW, Lee SK, Whang J, Kim JS. Differential Immune Responses and Underlying Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming in Smooth and Rough Variants of Mycobacterium peregrinum Infections. Pathogens 2023; 12:1446. [PMID: 38133329 PMCID: PMC10747217 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium peregrinum (Mpgm) is a rapidly growing mycobacteria that is classified as a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) and is commonly found in environmental sources such as soil, water, and animals. Mpgm is considered an opportunistic pathogen that causes infection in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions. Although there have been clinical reports on Mpgm, reports of the immune response and metabolic reprogramming have not been published. Thus, we studied standard Mpgm-ATCC and two clinical strains (Mpgm-S and Mpgm-R) using macrophages and mouse bone marrow-derived cells. Mpgm has two types of colony morphologies: smooth and rough. We grew all strains on the 7H10 agar medium to visually validate the morphology. Cytokine levels were measured via ELISA and real-time PCR. The changes in mitochondrial function and glycolysis in Mpgm-infected macrophages were measured using an extracellular flux analyzer. Mpgm-S-infected macrophages showed elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p40, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, compared to Mpgm-ATCC- and Mpgm-R-infected macrophages. Additionally, our findings revealed metabolic changes in Mpgm-ATCC and two clinical strains (Mpgm-S and Mpgm-R) during infection; significant changes were observed in the mitochondrial respiration, extracellular acidification, and the oxygen consumption of BMDMs upon Mpgm-S infection. In summary, within the strains examined, Mpgm-S displayed greater virulence, triggered a heightened immune response, and induced more profound shifts in bioenergetic metabolism than Mpgm-ATCC and Mpgm-R. This study is the first to document distinct immune responses and metabolic reorganization following Mpgm infection. These findings lay a crucial foundation for further investigations into the pathogenesis of Mpgm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Lee
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Ho Won Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - A-Reum Yu
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Hoe Sun Yoon
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Minji Kang
- Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong 28158, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jake Whang
- Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong 28158, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (H.S.Y.)
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15
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Borah Slater K, Moraes L, Xu Y, Kim D. Metabolic flux reprogramming in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected human macrophages. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289987. [PMID: 38045029 PMCID: PMC10690623 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic fluxes are at the heart of metabolism and growth in any living system. During tuberculosis (TB) infection, the pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) adapts its nutritional behaviour and metabolic fluxes to survive in human macrophages and cause infection. The infected host cells also undergo metabolic changes. However, our knowledge of the infected host metabolism and identification of the reprogrammed metabolic flux nodes remains limited. In this study, we applied systems-based 13C-metabolic flux analysis (MFA) to measure intracellular carbon metabolic fluxes in Mtb-infected human THP-1 macrophages. We provide a flux map for infected macrophages that quantified significantly increased fluxes through glycolytic fluxes towards pyruvate synthesis and reduced pentose phosphate pathway fluxes when compared to uninfected macrophages. The tri carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle fluxes were relatively low, and amino acid fluxes were reprogrammed upon Mtb infection. The knowledge of host metabolic flux profiles derived from our work expands on how the host cell adapts its carbon metabolism in response to Mtb infection and highlights important nodes that may provide targets for developing new therapeutics to improve TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Moraes
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ye Xu
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kim
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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16
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Flati I, Di Vito Nolfi M, Dall’Aglio F, Vecchiotti D, Verzella D, Alesse E, Capece D, Zazzeroni F. Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Immunometabolic Reprogramming: How the Wind Changes during Cancer Progression. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1953. [PMID: 37895302 PMCID: PMC10606647 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and the immunological state are intimately intertwined, as defense responses are bioenergetically expensive. Metabolic homeostasis is a key requirement for the proper function of immune cell subsets, and the perturbation of the immune-metabolic balance is a recurrent event in many human diseases, including cancer, due to nutrient fluctuation, hypoxia and additional metabolic changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although much remains to be understood in the field of immunometabolism, here, we report the current knowledge on both physiological and cancer-associated metabolic profiles of immune cells, and the main molecular circuits involved in their regulation, highlighting similarities and differences, and emphasizing immune metabolic liabilities that could be exploited in cancer therapy to overcome immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.F.); (M.D.V.N.); (F.D.); (D.V.); (D.V.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
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17
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Liu N, Zhong Y, Pang X, Li M, Cannon RD, Mei L, Cai X, Ji P. The nano-windmill exerts superior anti-inflammatory effects via reducing choline uptake to inhibit macrophage activation. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13470. [PMID: 37051938 PMCID: PMC10542611 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages' activation plays a central role during the development and progression of inflammation, while the regulation of metabolic reprogramming of macrophages has been recently identified as a novel strategy for anti-inflammatory therapies. Our previous studies have found that tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) plays a mild anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting macrophage activation, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Here, by metabolomics and RNA sequencing, choline uptake is identified to be significantly repressed by decreased slc44a1 expression in tFNA-treated activated macrophages. Inspired by this result, combined with the excellent delivery capacities of tFNA, siR-slc44a1 is loaded into the tFNA to develop a new tFNA-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system named 'nano-windmill,' which exhibits a synergetic role by targeting slc44a1, finally blowing up the anti-inflammatory effects of tFNA to inhibit macrophages activation via reducing choline uptake. By confirming its anti-inflammatory effects in chronic (periodontitis) and acute (sepsis) inflammatory disease, the tFNA-based nanomedicine developed for inflammatory diseases may provide broad prospects for tFNA upgrading and various biological applications such as anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxin Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Yuke Zhong
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Richard D. Cannon
- Department of Oral SciencesSir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
- Department of Oral SciencesSir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
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18
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de Jong R, Tenbrock K, Ohl K. New Insights in Immunometabolism in Neonatal Monocytes and Macrophages in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14173. [PMID: 37762476 PMCID: PMC10531550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the neonatal immune system is different from the adult immune system. A major task of the neonatal immune system is to bridge the achievement of tolerance towards harmless antigens and commensal bacteria while providing protection against pathogens. This is highly important because neonates are immunologically challenged directly after birth by a rigorous change from a semi-allogeneic sterile environment into a world rich with microbes. A so called disease tolerogenic state is typical for neonates and is anticipated to prevent immunopathological damage potentially at the cost of uncontrolled pathogen proliferation. As a consequence, neonates are more susceptible than adults to life-threatening infections. At the basis of a well-functioning immune response, both for adults and neonates, innate immune cells such as monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages play an essential role. A well-responsive monocyte will alter its cellular metabolism to subsequently induce certain immune effector function, a process which is called immunometabolism. Immunometabolism has received extensive attention in the last decade; however, it has not been broadly studied in neonates. This review focuses on carbohydrate metabolism in monocytes and macrophages in neonates. We will exhibit pathways involving glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation and their role in shaping neonates' immune systems to a favorable tolerogenic state. More insight into these pathways will elucidate potential treatments targets in life-threatening conditions including neonatal sepsis or expose potential targets which can be used to induce tolerance in conditions where tolerance is harmfully impaired such as in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.d.J.); (K.O.)
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19
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Yan H, Zhao S, Huang HX, Xie P, Cai XH, Qu YD, Zhang W, Luo JQ, Zhang L, Li X. Systematic Mendelian randomization study of the effect of gut microbiome and plasma metabolome on severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211612. [PMID: 37662924 PMCID: PMC10468967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 could develop severe respiratory symptoms in certain infected patients, especially in the patients with immune disorders. Gut microbiome and plasma metabolome act important immunological modulators in the human body and could contribute to the immune responses impacting the progression of COVID-19. However, the causal relationship between specific intestinal bacteria, metabolites and severe COVID-19 remains not clear. Methods Based on two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, the causal effects of 131 intestinal taxa and 452 plasma metabolites on severe COVID-19 were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with the abundance of intestinal taxa and the concentration of plasma metabolites had been utilized as the instrument variables to infer whether they were causal factors of severe COVID-19. In addition, mediation analysis was conducted to find the potential association between the taxon and metabolite, and further colocalization analysis had been performed to validate the causal relationships. Results MR analysis identified 13 taxa and 53 metabolites, which were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 as causal factors. Mediation analysis revealed 11 mediated relationships. Myo-inositol, 2-stearoylglycerophosphocholine, and alpha-glutamyltyrosine, potentially contributed to the association of Howardella and Ruminiclostridium 6 with severe COVID-19, respectively. Butyrivibrio and Ruminococcus gnavus could mediate the association of myo-inositol and N-acetylalanine, respectively. In addition, Ruminococcus torques abundance was colocalized with severe COVID-19 (PP.H4 = 0.77) and the colon expression of permeability related protein RASIP1 (PP.H4 = 0.95). Conclusions Our study highlights the potential causal relationships between gut microbiome, plasma metabolome and severe COVID-19, which potentially serve as clinical biomarkers for risk stratification and prognostication and benefit the mechanism mechanistic investigation of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Han-Xue Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-He Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Dan Qu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian-Quan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Gauthier T, Yao C, Dowdy T, Jin W, Lim YJ, Patiño LC, Liu N, Ohlemacher SI, Bynum A, Kazmi R, Bewley CA, Mitrovic M, Martin D, Morell RJ, Eckhaus M, Larion M, Tussiwand R, O'Shea JJ, Chen W. TGF-β uncouples glycolysis and inflammation in macrophages and controls survival during sepsis. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eade0385. [PMID: 37552767 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in metabolism of macrophages are required to sustain macrophage activation in response to different stimuli. We showed that the cytokine TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) regulates glycolysis in macrophages independently of inflammatory cytokine production and affects survival in mouse models of sepsis. During macrophage activation, TGF-β increased the expression and activity of the glycolytic enzyme PFKL (phosphofructokinase-1 liver type) and promoted glycolysis but suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The increase in glycolysis was mediated by an mTOR-c-MYC-dependent pathway, whereas the inhibition of cytokine production was due to activation of the transcriptional coactivator SMAD3 and suppression of the activity of the proinflammatory transcription factors AP-1, NF-κB, and STAT1. In mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia and experimentally induced sepsis, the TGF-β-induced enhancement in macrophage glycolysis led to decreased survival, which was associated with increased blood coagulation. Analysis of septic patient cohorts revealed that the expression of PFKL, TGFBRI (which encodes a TGF-β receptor), and F13A1 (which encodes a coagulation factor) in myeloid cells positively correlated with COVID-19 disease. Thus, these results suggest that TGF-β is a critical regulator of macrophage metabolism and could be a therapeutic target in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gauthier
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chen Yao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyrone Dowdy
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yun-Ji Lim
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liliana C Patiño
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shannon I Ohlemacher
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Bynum
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rida Kazmi
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carole A Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mladen Mitrovic
- Immune Regulation Unit, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Eckhaus
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Pathology Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roxane Tussiwand
- Immune Regulation Unit, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Siggins RW, McTernan PM, Simon L, Souza-Smith FM, Molina PE. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: At the Nexus between Alcohol-Associated Immunometabolic Dysregulation and Tissue Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8650. [PMID: 37239997 PMCID: PMC10218577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol misuse, directly or indirectly as a result of its metabolism, negatively impacts most tissues, including four with critical roles in energy metabolism regulation: the liver, pancreas, adipose, and skeletal muscle. Mitochondria have long been studied for their biosynthetic roles, such as ATP synthesis and initiation of apoptosis. However, current research has provided evidence that mitochondria participate in myriad cellular processes, including immune activation, nutrient sensing in pancreatic β-cells, and skeletal muscle stem and progenitor cell differentiation. The literature indicates that alcohol impairs mitochondrial respiratory capacity, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and disrupting mitochondrial dynamics, leading to dysfunctional mitochondria accumulation. As discussed in this review, mitochondrial dyshomeostasis emerges at a nexus between alcohol-disrupted cellular energy metabolism and tissue injury. Here, we highlight this link and focus on alcohol-mediated disruption of immunometabolism, which refers to two distinct, yet interrelated processes. Extrinsic immunometabolism involves processes whereby immune cells and their products influence cellular and/or tissue metabolism. Intrinsic immunometabolism describes immune cell fuel utilization and bioenergetics that affect intracellular processes. Alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysregulation negatively impacts immunometabolism in immune cells, contributing to tissue injury. This review will present the current state of literature, describing alcohol-mediated metabolic and immunometabolic dysregulation from a mitochondrial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Siggins
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.W.S.); (P.M.M.); (L.S.); (F.M.S.-S.)
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patrick M. McTernan
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.W.S.); (P.M.M.); (L.S.); (F.M.S.-S.)
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.W.S.); (P.M.M.); (L.S.); (F.M.S.-S.)
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Flavia M. Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.W.S.); (P.M.M.); (L.S.); (F.M.S.-S.)
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.W.S.); (P.M.M.); (L.S.); (F.M.S.-S.)
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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22
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Palacios G, Vega-García E, Valladares B, Pérez JA, Dorta-Guerra R, Carmelo E. Gene Expression Profiling of Classically Activated Macrophages in Leishmania infantum Infection: Response to Metabolic Pre-Stimulus with Itaconic Acid. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050264. [PMID: 37235312 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infection of phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, induces the differentiation of infected cells into different phenotypes according to their surrounding microenvironments. The classical activation of macrophages involves metabolic reprogramming, in which several metabolites such as succinate, fumarate and itaconate are accumulated. The immunoregulatory functions of itaconate in the context of Leishmania infection were investigated in this paper. Ex vivo bone marrow-derived macrophages were differentiated into classically activated macrophages through IFNG activation and infection with Leishmania infantum. A high-throughput real-time qPCR experiment was designed for the analyses of 223 genes involved in immune response and metabolism. The transcriptional profile of classically activated macrophages revealed the enrichment of the IFNG response pathways and the upregulation of genes such as Cxcl9, Irf1, Acod1, Il12b, Il12rb1, Nos2 or Stat1. In vitro pre-stimulation with itaconate induced a loss of the parasite control and the upregulation of genes related to local acute inflammatory response. Our results reveal that itaconate accumulation dampened classically activated macrophage antiparasitic activity, and this is reflected by the differential expression of the Il12b, Icosl and Mki67 genes. The possibility of inducing parasite-killing responses in the host through metabolic reprograming is an interesting approach for the treatment of Leishmania infections that will undoubtedly attract increasing attention in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Génesis Palacios
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elva Vega-García
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Basilio Valladares
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud PÚblica, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Roberto Dorta-Guerra
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Emma Carmelo
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud PÚblica, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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23
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Li B, Qiao L, Xiao Q, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhang B, Liu H. Effects of diarylbutane lignans from Schisandra chinensis fruit on SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro and PL pro and their in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 3:100432. [PMID: 36968623 PMCID: PMC10005971 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schisandra chinensis fruit is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), whose extract has a potent inhibitory effect on the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro). PURPOSE This work aims to find the active components from the fruit of S. chinensis against SARS‑CoV‑2 3CLpro and PLpro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical constituents of the fruit of S. chinensis were retrieved based on the electronic databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, Medline Plus, and CNKI. Molecular docking was used to screen the active components against SARS‑CoV‑2 3CLpro and PLpro. Potential hit compounds were further evaluated by enzymatic activity assay. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activities of the active compounds were further explored using the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced THP1 cells model. RESULTS In this work, we retrieved 75 components of S. chinensis fruit, including 62 dibenzocyclooctadiene-type lignans, 3 diarylbutane-type lignans, 2 tetrahydrofuran-type lignans, and 8 nortriterpenoids. Combining molecular docking study and in vitro experiments, we found that pregomisin (63), meso‑dihydroguaiaretic acid (64), and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (65) could potently inhibit 3CLpro with IC50 values of 3.07 ± 0.38, 4.12 ± 0.38, and 6.06 ± 0.62 μM, respectively, and inhibit PLpro with IC50 values of 5.23 ± 0.33, 4.24 ± 0.46, and 16.28 ± 0.54 μM, respectively. Interestingly, compounds 63, 64, and 65 also have potent activities of regulating the inflammatory response in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that compounds 63, 64, and 65 may be promising SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and PLpro inhibitors and anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing China
| | - Jianuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing China
| | - Jiushi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing China
| | - Bengang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing China
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24
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Li M, Yu J, Guo G, Shen H. Interactions between Macrophages and Biofilm during Staphylococcus aureus-Associated Implant Infection: Difficulties and Solutions. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:499-515. [PMID: 37011602 PMCID: PMC10315156 DOI: 10.1159/000530385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilm is the major cause of failure of implant infection treatment that results in heavy social and economic burden on individuals, families, and communities. Planktonic S. aureus attaches to medical implant surfaces where it proliferates and is wrapped by extracellular polymeric substances, forming a solid and complex biofilm. This provides a stable environment for bacterial growth, infection maintenance, and diffusion and protects the bacteria from antimicrobial agents and the immune system of the host. Macrophages are an important component of the innate immune system and resist pathogen invasion and infection through phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and cytokine secretion. The persistence, spread, or clearance of infection is determined by interplay between macrophages and S. aureus in the implant infection microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the interactions between S. aureus biofilm and macrophages, including the effects of biofilm-related bacteria on the macrophage immune response, roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells during biofilm infection, regulation of immune cell metabolic patterns by the biofilm environment, and immune evasion strategies adopted by the biofilm against macrophages. Finally, we summarize the current methods that support macrophage-mediated removal of biofilms and emphasize the importance of considering multi-dimensions and factors related to implant-associated infection such as immunity, metabolism, the host, and the pathogen when developing new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Geyong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Participation of Krüppel-like Factors in Atherogenesis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030448. [PMID: 36984888 PMCID: PMC10052737 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an important problem in modern medicine, the keys to understanding many aspects of which are still not available to clinicians. Atherosclerosis develops as a result of a complex chain of events in which many cells of the vascular wall and peripheral blood flow are involved. Endothelial cells, which line the vascular wall in a monolayer, play an important role in vascular biology. A growing body of evidence strengthens the understanding of the multifaceted functions of endothelial cells, which not only organize the barrier between blood flow and tissues but also act as regulators of hemodynamics and play an important role in regulating the function of other cells in the vascular wall. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) perform several biological functions in various cells of the vascular wall. The large family of KLFs in humans includes 18 members, among which KLF2 and KLF4 are at the crossroads between endothelial cell mechanobiology and immunometabolism, which play important roles in both the normal vascular wall and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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26
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Soriano-Romaní L, Nieto JA, García-Benlloch S. Immunomodulatory role of edible bone collagen peptides on macrophage and lymphocyte cell cultures. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2098936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Antonio Nieto
- AINIA, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Paterna (Valencia), Spain
- Research Group in Bioactivity and Immunological Nutrition (BIOINUT), International University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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27
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Clearing Steatosis Prior to Liver Surgery for Colorectal Metastasis: A Narrative Review and Case Illustration. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245340. [PMID: 36558499 PMCID: PMC9785595 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disorder in the developed world, accounting for 20% to 46% of liver abnormalities. Steatosis is the hallmark of NAFLD and is recognized as an important risk factor for complication and death after general surgery, even more so after liver resection. Similarly, liver steatosis also impacts the safety of live liver donation and transplantation. We aim to review surgical outcomes after liver resection for colorectal metastases in patients with steatosis and discuss the most common pre-operative strategies to reduce steatosis. Finally, as illustration, we report the favorable effect of a low-caloric, hyper-protein diet during a two-stage liver resection for colorectal metastases in a patient with severe steatosis.
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28
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Li M, Lu W, Meng Y, Zhang W, Wang F, Sun L, Xu Y. Tetrahydroxy Stilbene Glucoside Alleviates Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Conformation-Dependent Intracellular Distribution of PKM2 for M2 Macrophage Polarization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15449-15463. [PMID: 36468551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) is a bioactive ingredient with powerful anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, the detailed mechanisms concerning the neuroprotective effect of TSG are not fully understood. This study aims to address the molecular mechanism involved in the protective effects of TSG on murine ischemic stroke. We found that TSG meliorated the phenotypes of ischemic stroke in vivo, which was correlated with the increased percentage of infiltrated M2 macrophages in brain after stroke. Mechanistically, TSG regulated macrophage polarization by significantly downregulating the transcriptional levels of M1 marker genes (iNOS and IL-1β) but upregulating that of the M2 marker genes (arg-1 and IL-4) following lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ stimulation. Consistently, TSG reversed the metabolic profiling of M1 macrophage toward the M2 status at intracellular energy levels. Surprisingly, the knockdown of an established metabolic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) that is important for M1 switch in macrophages abolished the promotive effect of TSG on the M2 polarization. Further investigation revealed that TSG markedly downregulated the intracellular ratio of dimer/monomer to the tetramer of PKM2 without affecting its total protein expression, leading to a suppressed nuclear translocation of functioning PKM2 in macrophages for M1 differentiation. Taken together, we identified a novel mechanism for macrophage M2 polarization regulation by a small-molecule chemical that controls the quality (conformation) rather than the quantity (expression) of an intracellular M1-promoting metabolic enzyme, which offers a better understanding of the mechanisms of macrophage plasticity and has serious implication in translational strategies for the treatment of macrophage-mediated neurological diseases with natural bioactive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Fengge Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Li Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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29
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Gauthier T, Chen W. IFN-γ and TGF-β, Crucial Players in Immune Responses: A Tribute to Howard Young. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:643-654. [PMID: 36516375 PMCID: PMC9917322 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), both pleiotropic cytokines, have been long studied and described as critical mediators of the immune response, notably in T cells. One of the investigators who made seminal and critical discoveries in the field of IFN-γ biology is Dr. Howard Young. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology of IFN-γ as well as its role in cancer and autoimmunity with an emphasis on Dr. Young's critical work in the field. We also describe how Dr. Young's work influenced our own research studying the role of TGF-β in the modulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gauthier
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Jin J, Duan J, Du L, Xing W, Peng X, Zhao Q. Inflammation and immune cell abnormalities in intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Relevant signaling pathways and therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027756. [PMID: 36505409 PMCID: PMC9727248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular disorder associated with high overall mortality. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of pathological reaction after aneurysm rupture are still unclear, especially in the immune microenvironment, inflammation, and relevant signaling pathways. SAH-induced immune cell population alteration, immune inflammatory signaling pathway activation, and active substance generation are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunosuppression, and brain injury. Crosstalk between immune disorders and hyperactivation of inflammatory signals aggravated the devastating consequences of brain injury and cerebral vasospasm and increased the risk of infection. In this review, we discussed the role of inflammation and immune cell responses in the occurrence and development of aneurysm SAH, as well as the most relevant immune inflammatory signaling pathways [PI3K/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), STAT, SIRT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), NLRP3, TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Keap1/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/ARE cascades] and biomarkers in aneurysm SAH. In addition, we also summarized potential therapeutic drugs targeting the aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory responses, such as nimodipine, dexmedetomidine (DEX), fingolimod, and genomic variation-related aneurysm prophylactic agent sunitinib. The intervention of immune inflammatory responses and immune microenvironment significantly reduces the secondary brain injury, thereby improving the prognosis of patients admitted to SAH. Future studies should focus on exploring potential immune inflammatory mechanisms and developing additional therapeutic strategies for precise aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory regulation and genomic variants associated with aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Duan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Leiya Du
- 4Department of Oncology, The Second People Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenli Xing
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qijie Zhao, ; Xingchen Peng,
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qijie Zhao, ; Xingchen Peng,
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Arumugam P, Chauhan M, Rajeev T, Chakraborty R, Bisht K, Madan M, Shankaran D, Ramalingam S, Gandotra S, Rao V. The mitochondrial gene-CMPK2 functions as a rheostat for macrophage homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935710. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their role in cellular energy production, mitochondria are increasingly recognized as regulators of the innate immune response of phagocytes. Here, we demonstrate that altering expression levels of the mitochondria-associated enzyme, cytidine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2), disrupts mitochondrial physiology and significantly deregulates the resting immune homeostasis of macrophages. Both CMPK2 silenced and constitutively overexpressing macrophage lines portray mitochondrial stress with marked depolarization of their membrane potential, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disturbed architecture culminating in the enhanced expression of the pro-inflammatory genes IL1β, TNFα, and IL8. Interestingly, the long-term modulation of CMPK2 expression resulted in an increased glycolytic flux of macrophages akin to the altered physiological state of activated M1 macrophages. While infection-induced inflammation for restricting pathogens is regulated, our observation of a total dysregulation of basal inflammation by bidirectional alteration of CMPK2 expression only highlights the critical role of this gene in mitochondria-mediated control of inflammation.
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Immunohistochemical Characterization of Immune System Cells in Lymphoid Organs from Roe and Fallow Deer. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213064. [PMID: 36359187 PMCID: PMC9654140 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diseases emerging from wildlife represent a growing public health issue. Cervids share many pathogens with domestic species and humans, representing useful spontaneous models to evaluate host-pathogen balance. Histology and immunohistochemistry can help in fully understanding the pathogenesis of infection in these species, but few studies have been conducted to characterize immune cell markers. This study highlights that lymphocytes and macrophagic subsets in roe and fallow deer lymphoid tissue can be identified by a panel of commercial antibodies developed against humans. A description of the main immune cell distribution was provided. These results may support future investigations on immune cell response and pathogenesis in roe and fallow deer diseases. Abstract Roe and Fallow deer are common wild ruminants widely distributed in Italy. Infectious diseases of these species can potentially pose health risks to domestic animals and humans. However, few studies have been conducted in which immune system cells in these species were phenotyped. The aims of this study were to determine the cross-reactivity of a wide anti-human panel of commercial antibodies on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples and to describe the distribution of roe and fallow deer main immune cell subsets in the lymph nodes and spleen. Twenty retromandibular lymph nodes (RLNs) and spleen samples were collected from 10 roe deer and 10 fallow deer and were tested by a panel of 12 commercial anti-human antibodies. The CD79a, CD20, CD3, Iba-1, MAC387, and AM-3K antibodies were successfully labeled cells in cervine tissue, while the Foxp3 and the CD68 did not show suitable immunostaining. This study supplies the first immunohistochemical description of immune cell subpopulations in non-pathological spleen and RLNs from roe and fallow deer and provides an easily repeatable manual IHC protocol to immunolocalize cervine B-, T-cells, and macrophages subsets in FFPE tissue samples.
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Miltner N, Linkner TR, Ambrus V, Al-Muffti AS, Ahmad H, Mótyán JA, Benkő S, Tőzsér J, Mahdi M. Early suppression of antiviral host response and protocadherins by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999233. [PMID: 36341352 PMCID: PMC9634736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a crucial role in mediating viral infectivity; hence, in an extensive effort to curb the pandemic, many urgently approved vaccines rely on the expression of the S protein, aiming to induce a humoral and cellular response to protect against the infection. Given the very limited information about the effects of intracellular expression of the S protein in host cells, we aimed to characterize the early cellular transcriptomic changes induced by expression of the S protein in THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells. Results showed that a wide variety of genes were differentially expressed, products of which are mainly involved in cell adhesion, homeostasis, and most notably, antiviral and immune responses, depicted by significant downregulation of protocadherins and type I alpha interferons (IFNAs). While initially, the levels of IFNAs were higher in the medium of S protein expressing cells, the downregulation observed on the transcriptomic level might have been reflected by no further increase of IFNA cytokines beyond the 5 h time-point, compared to the mock control. Our study highlights the intrinsic pathogenic role of the S protein and sheds some light on the potential drawbacks of its utilization in the context of vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Miltner
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Richárd Linkner
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktor Ambrus
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Aya S. Al-Muffti
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hala Ahmad
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Laboratory of Inflammation-Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János András Mótyán
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Benkő
- Laboratory of Inflammation-Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Mahdi, ; József Tőzsér,
| | - Mohamed Mahdi
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Mahdi, ; József Tőzsér,
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Liu J, Zhou G, Wang X, Liu D. Metabolic reprogramming consequences of sepsis: adaptations and contradictions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:456. [PMID: 35904600 PMCID: PMC9336160 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During sepsis, the importance of alterations in cell metabolism is underappreciated. The cellular metabolism, which has a variable metabolic profile in different cells and disease stages, is largely responsible for the immune imbalance and organ failure associated with sepsis. Metabolic reprogramming, in which glycolysis replaces OXPHOS as the main energy-producing pathway, is both a requirement for immune cell activation and a cause of immunosuppression. Meanwhile, the metabolites produced by OXPHOS and glycolysis can act as signaling molecules to control the immune response during sepsis. Sepsis-induced "energy shortage" leads to stagnated cell function and even organ dysfunction. Metabolic reprogramming can alleviate the energy crisis to some extent, enhance host tolerance to maintain cell survival functions, and ultimately increase the adaptation of cells during sepsis. However, a switch from glycolysis to OXPHOS is essential for restoring cell function. This review summarized the crosstalk between metabolic reprogramming and immune cell activity as well as organ function during sepsis, discussed the benefits and drawbacks of metabolic reprogramming to show the contradictions of metabolic reprogramming during sepsis, and assessed the feasibility of treating sepsis through targeted metabolism. Using metabolic reprogramming to achieve metabolic homeostasis could be a viable therapy option for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Gaosheng Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
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Moraxella occupied the largest proportion in the nasal microbiome in healthy children, which potential protect them from COVID-19. Microb Pathog 2022; 170:105685. [PMID: 35870694 PMCID: PMC9299982 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background In the prevalence of COVID-19, infection symptoms are different in children and adults. In this study to investigate the differences in the upper respiratory tract microbiome profile between healthy children and adults and to explore which microbiome protect them from COVID-19. Methods Thirty healthy children and 24 healthy adults were enrolled between October 2020 and January 2021. Nasal and throat swabs were obtained at enrollment, and DNA was extracted. We performed 16S rDNA sequencing to compare the alpha and beta diversity of the nasal and throat microbiomes between children and adults and assessed potential microbiome biomarkers. Results In the nasal microbiome, there were significant differences between healthy children and adults, and Moraxella occupied the largest proportion in healthy children. Notably, there was no significant difference between healthy children and adults in the throat microbiome, and it was predominated by Firmicutes. In the function analysis, compared with adults, there was increased enrichment in pathways related to amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, in children. Conclusions In the upper respiratory tract microbiome profiles, Moraxella may be involved in protecting children from COVID-19 infections and may be involved the amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism.
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Alomar FA, Alshakhs MN, Abohelaika S, Almarzouk HM, Almualim M, Al-Ali AK, Al-Muhanna F, Alomar MF, Alhaddad MJ, Almulaify MS, Alessa FS, Alsalman AS, Alaswad A, Bidasee SR, Alsaad HA, Alali RA, AlSheikh MH, Akhtar MS, Al Mohaini M, Alsalman AJ, Alturaifi H, Bidasee KR. Elevated plasma level of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal on admission is an independent biomarker of mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9510. [PMID: 35680931 PMCID: PMC9178541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers to identify ICU COVID-19 patients at high risk for mortality are urgently needed for therapeutic care and management. Here we found plasma levels of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) were 4.4-fold higher in ICU patients upon admission that later died (n = 33), and 1.7-fold higher in ICU patients that survived (n = 32),compared to uninfected controls (n = 30). The increased MG in patients that died correlated inversely with the levels of the MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (r2 = - 0.50), and its co-factor glutathione (r2 = - 0.63), and positively with monocytes (r2 = 0.29). The inflammation markers, SSAO (r2 = 0.52), TNF-α (r2 = 0.41), IL-1β (r2 = 0.25), CRP (r2 = 0.26) also correlated positively with MG. Logistic regression analysis provides evidence of a significant relationship between the elevated MG upon admission into ICU and death (P < 0.0001), with 42% of the death variability explained. From these data we conclude that elevated plasma MG on admission is a novel independent biomarker that predicts mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhel A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marai N Alshakhs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Abohelaika
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan M Almarzouk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almualim
- Intenstive Care Unit, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K Al-Ali
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Muhanna
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alomar
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa J Alhaddad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal S Alessa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Alsalman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaswad
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sean R Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hassan A Alsaad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rudaynah A Alali
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona H AlSheikh
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Akhtar
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Keshore R Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Wang S, Wei J. Distinguishing the Pros and Cons of Metabolic Reprogramming in Oncolytic Virus Immunotherapy. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1654-1662. [PMID: 35633046 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a class of cancer immunotherapies that rely on hijacking the host cell factory for replicative oncolysis and eliciting immune responses for tumor clearance. An increasing evidence suggests that the metabolic state of tumor cells and immune cells is a putative determinant of the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, how therapeutic intervention with OVs affects metabolic fluxes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly understood. Herein, we review the complexities of metabolic reprogramming involving the effects of viruses and their consequences on tumor cells and immune cells. We highlight the inherent drawback of oncolytic virotherapy, namely that treatment with OVs inevitably further exacerbates the depletion of nutrients and the accumulation of metabolic wastes in the TME, leading to a metabolic barrier to antitumor immune responses. We also describe targeted metabolic strategies that can be used to unlock the therapeutic potential of OVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiwu Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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