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Wei Y, Zhong S, Yang H, Wang X, Lv B, Bian Y, Pei Y, Xu C, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Luo D, Wang F, Sun H, Chen Y. Current therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A review on past and future therapeutic strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116496. [PMID: 38759454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the first and second motoneurons (MNs), associated with muscle weakness, paralysis and finally death. The exact etiology of the disease still remains unclear. Currently, efforts to develop novel ALS treatments which target specific pathomechanisms are being studied. The mechanisms of ALS pathogenesis involve multiple factors, such as protein aggregation, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, inflammation etc. Unfortunately, to date, there are only two FDA-approved drugs for ALS, riluzole and edavarone, without curative treatment for ALS. Herein, we give an overview of the many pathways and review the recent discovery and preclinical characterization of neuroprotective compounds. Meanwhile, drug combination and other therapeutic approaches are also reviewed. In the last part, we analyze the reasons of clinical failure and propose perspective on the treatment of ALS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huajing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bingbing Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of TCM External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuqiong Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yulan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Daying Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Dai Y, Guo Y, Tang W, Chen D, Xue L, Chen Y, Guo Y, Wei S, Wu M, Dai J, Wang S. Reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanomaterials for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:252. [PMID: 38750509 PMCID: PMC11097501 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasing proportion of the elderly in the population, age-related diseases (ARD) lead to a considerable healthcare burden to society. Prevention and treatment of ARD can decrease the negative impact of aging and the burden of disease. The aging rate is closely associated with the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-mediated oxidative stress in aging triggers aging-related changes through lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA oxidation. Antioxidants can control autoxidation by scavenging free radicals or inhibiting their formation, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Benefiting from significant advances in nanotechnology, a large number of nanomaterials with ROS-scavenging capabilities have been developed. ROS-scavenging nanomaterials can be divided into two categories: nanomaterials as carriers for delivering ROS-scavenging drugs, and nanomaterials themselves with ROS-scavenging activity. This study summarizes the current advances in ROS-scavenging nanomaterials for prevention and treatment of ARD, highlights the potential mechanisms of the nanomaterials used and discusses the challenges and prospects for their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Weicheng Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liru Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yican Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Simin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Włodarski A, Szymczak-Pajor I, Kasznicki J, Antanaviciute EM, Szymańska B, Śliwińska A. Association of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and miR-196a with Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders in the Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5409. [PMID: 38791447 PMCID: PMC11121935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) prompts the need for early diagnosis and effective markers for their prediction. Hyperglycemia, the primary indicator of CMDs including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OxS). This condition, resulting from chronic hyperglycemia and insufficient antioxidant defense, causes damage to biomolecules, triggering diabetes complications. Additionally, aging itself can serve as a source of OxS due to the weakening of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Notably, previous research indicates that miR-196a, by downregulating glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), contributes to insulin resistance (IR). Additionally, a GPx3 decrease is observed in overweight/obese and insulin-resistant individuals and in the elderly population. This study investigates plasma GPx3 levels and miR-196a expression as potential CMD risk indicators. We used ELISA to measure GPx3 and qRT-PCR for miR-196a expression, supplemented by multivariate linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our findings included a significant GPx3 reduction in the CMD patients (n = 126), especially in the T2DM patients (n = 51), and a decreasing trend in the prediabetes group (n = 37). miR-196a expression, although higher in the CMD and T2DM groups than in the controls, was not statistically significant, potentially due to the small sample size. In the individuals with CMD, GPx3 levels exhibited a negative correlation with the mass of adipose tissue, muscle, and total body water, while miR-196a positively correlated with fat mass. In the CMD group, the analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between glucose and GPx3 levels. ROC analysis indicated a 5.2-fold increased CMD risk with GPx3 below 419.501 ng/mL. Logistic regression suggested that each 100 ng/mL GPx3 increase corresponded to a roughly 20% lower CMD risk (OR = 0.998; 95% CI: 0.996-0.999; p = 0.031). These results support the potential of GPx3 as a biomarker for CMD, particularly in T2DM, and the lack of a significant decline in GPx3 levels in prediabetic individuals suggests that it may not serve reliably as an early indicator of CMDs, warranting further large-scale validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Włodarski
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Egle Morta Antanaviciute
- Centre for Cellular Microenvironments, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Bożena Szymańska
- Research Laboratory CoreLab, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
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Basyal D, Lee S, Kim HJ. Antioxidants and Mechanistic Insights for Managing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:568. [PMID: 38790673 PMCID: PMC11117704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) severely affects central vision due to progressive macular degeneration and its staggering prevalence is rising globally, especially in the elderly population above 55 years. Increased oxidative stress with aging is considered an important contributor to AMD pathogenesis despite multifaceted risk factors including genetic predisposition and environmental agents. Wet AMD can be managed with routine intra-vitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitors, but no satisfactory medicine has been approved for the successful management of the dry form. The toxic carbonyls due to photo-oxidative degradation of accumulated bisretinoids within lysosomes initiate a series of events including protein adduct formation, impaired autophagy flux, complement activation, and chronic inflammation, which is implicated in dry AMD. Therapy based on antioxidants has been extensively studied for its promising effect in reducing the impact of oxidative stress. This paper reviews the dry AMD pathogenesis, delineates the effectiveness of dietary and nutrition supplements in clinical studies, and explores pre-clinical studies of antioxidant molecules, extracts, and formulations with their mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dauge 42601, Republic of Korea
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Qian C, Wang Q, Qiao Y, Xu Z, Zhang L, Xiao H, Lin Z, Wu M, Xia W, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Arachidonic acid in aging: New roles for old players. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00180-2. [PMID: 38710468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (AA), one of the most ubiquitous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), provides fluidity to mammalian cell membranes. It is derived from linoleic acid (LA) and can be transformed into various bioactive metabolites, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), lipoxins (LXs), hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), leukotrienes (LTs), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), by different pathways. All these processes are involved in AA metabolism. Currently, in the context of an increasingly visible aging world population, several scholars have revealed the essential role of AA metabolism in osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and many other aging diseases. AIM OF REVIEW Although there are some reviews describing the role of AA in some specific diseases, there seems to be no or little information on the role of AA metabolism in aging tissues or organs. This review scrutinizes and highlights the role of AA metabolism in aging and provides a new idea for strategies for treating aging-related diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW As a member of lipid metabolism, AA metabolism regulates the important lipids that interfere with the aging in several ways. We present a comprehensivereviewofthe role ofAA metabolism in aging, with the aim of relieving the extreme suffering of families and the heavy economic burden on society caused by age-related diseases. We also collected and summarized data on anti-aging therapies associated with AA metabolism, with the expectation of identifying a novel and efficient way to protect against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
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Pei H, Qu J, Chen JM, Zhang YL, Zhang M, Zhao GJ, Lu ZQ. The effects of antioxidant supplementation on short-term mortality in sepsis patients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29156. [PMID: 38644822 PMCID: PMC11033118 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence and development of sepsis are related to the excessive production of oxygen free radicals and the weakened natural clearance mechanism. Further dependable evidence is required to clarify the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy, especially its impact on short-term mortality. Objectives The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of common antioxidant therapy on short-term mortality in patients with sepsis. Methods According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search on antioxidants in adults sepsis patients was performed on PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from the establishment of the database to November 2023. Antioxidant supplements can be a single-drug or multi-drug combination: HAT (hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine), ascorbic acid, thiamine, N-acetylcysteine and selenium. The primary outcome was the effect of antioxidant treatment on short-term mortality, which included 28-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit mortality, and 30-day mortality. Subgroup analyses of short-term mortality were used to reduce statistical heterogeneity and publication bias. Results Sixty studies of 130,986 sepsis patients fulfilled the predefined criteria and were quantified and meta-analyzed. Antioxidant therapy reduces the risk of short-term death in sepsis patients by multivariate meta-analysis of current data, including a reduction of in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.99; P = 0.040) and 28-day mortality (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.95]; P = 0.008). Particularly in subgroup analyses, ascorbic acid treatment can reduce in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98; P = 0.006) and 28-day mortality (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.75; P = 0.003). However, the meta-analysis of RCTs found that antioxidant therapy drugs, especially ascorbic acid, did substantially reduce short-term mortality(OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.98; P = 0.030; OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.91; P = 0.020). Conclusions According to current data of RCTs, antioxidant therapy, especially ascorbic acid, has a trend of improving short-term mortality in patients with sepsis, but the evidence remains to be further demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pei
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jie Qu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jian-Ming Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yao-Lu Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Guang-Ju Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Abubakar MG, Agbon AN, Musa SA, Hamman WO, Oladele SB. Biochemical, morphological and molecular assessments of n butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera L. following exposure to inorganic mercury on the liver of Wistar rats. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:15. [PMID: 38641806 PMCID: PMC11027370 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury chloride (HgCl2) damages tissues it comes in contact with in sufficient concentration. This study evaluated the protective effects of n-butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera (BFPD) on mercury-triggered liver toxicity in Wistar rats. 25 male rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group I was administered 2 ml/kg of distilled water; group II was administered 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; group III was administered 500 mg/kg of BFPD + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; group IV was administered 1000 mg/kg of BFPD + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2, while group V was administered 100 mg/kg of silymarin + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2. orally for 2 weeks. The rats were euthanized and liver tissue blood samples were collected for histological, histochemical, stereological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and biochemical studies. RESULTS The results revealed that HgCl2 induced oxidative stress in the rats evident by histoarchitectural distortions and altered levels of liver enzymes, proteins, and oxidative stress biomarkers when compared to the control. However, BFPD treatment restored these changes. Glutathione peroxidase levels decreased (p < 0.05) in the HgCl2-treated group when compared to the control and BFPD-treated groups. HgCl2 group revealed reduced reactivity with histochemical and immunohistochemical stains (Masson's Trichrome and B cell Lymphoma 2) when compared to the control, with a significant decrease in quantified liver Bcl-2 stain intensity when compared to the silymarin-treated group. BFPD administration revealed normal staining intensity comparable to the control. HgCl2 administration revealed a remarked decrease in the number of hepatocytes when compared to the control, BFPD, and silymarin groups. BFPD preserved (p < 0.05) the stereological features when compared to the HgCl2-treated group. GPx activity in the liver decreased (p < 0.05) with HgCl2 administration when compared to the control and silymarin-treated groups. BFPD attenuated GPx gene activity to levels similar to the control indicating some level of amelioration against HgCl2-induced toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The ability of BFPD to mitigate HgCl2 triggered liver alterations could be attributed to the antioxidant property of its flavonoid content. Therefore, BFPD may be a potential candidate for treating and managing liver-induced mercury intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Garba Abubakar
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - A N Agbon
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S A Musa
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - W O Hamman
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S B Oladele
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Jin H, Zhao H, Shi R, Fan F, Cheng W. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of a Manila Clam-Derived Antioxidant Peptide: Insights into Mechanisms of Action and Cytoprotective Effects against Oxidative Stress. Foods 2024; 13:1160. [PMID: 38672836 PMCID: PMC11049014 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in various pathological conditions due to their ability to induce oxidative damage to cellular components. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant properties of a peptide isolated from the hydrolysate of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) muscle. Purification steps yielded RPTE2-2-4, exhibiting potent scavenging activities against DPPH•, HO•, and O2•-, akin to Vitamin C. Structural analysis showed that the isolated peptide, LFKKNLLTL, exhibited characteristics associated with antioxidant activity, including a short peptide length and the presence of aromatic and hydrophobic amino acid residues. Moreover, our study demonstrated the cytoprotective effects of the peptide against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Pretreatment with the peptide resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in intracellular ROS levels and elevation of glutathione (GSH) levels, indicating its ability to modulate cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative damage. Furthermore, the peptide stimulated the expression of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), further reinforcing its antioxidant properties. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of the Manila clam-derived peptide as a natural antioxidant agent with therapeutic implications for oxidative stress-related diseases. Further investigation into its mechanisms of action and in vivo efficacy is warranted to validate its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (H.Z.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huishuang Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Rui Shi
- ChiBi Public Inspection and Testing Center, Xianning 437300, China;
| | - Fengjiao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjian Cheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (H.Z.)
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Avinash G, Sharma N, Prasad KR, Kaur R, Singh G, Pagidipala N, Thulasinathan T. Unveiling the distribution of free and bound phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins in pigmented and non-pigmented rice genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1324825. [PMID: 38660452 PMCID: PMC11039891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1324825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The total phenolic content, phenolic acid profile, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of the whole-grain and bran portion of sixteen distinct rice genotypes that correspond to three distinct pericarp bran colors-black, red, and non-pigmented (NP)-were examined. Ten free and bound phenolic acids, as well as two flavonoids, were analyzed using HPLC-PDA. The flavonoids included kaempferol and catechin hydrate, and the free phenolic acids included gallic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, trans-ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid. Trans-ferulic acid (207.39 mg/kg), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (94.36 mg/kg), and p-coumaric acid (59.75 mg/kg) were the principal bound phenolic acids in pigmented rice genotypes, whereas in NP genotypes they were trans-ferulic acid (95.61 mg/kg) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (58.32 mg/kg). The main free phenolic acid was syringic acid (120.43 mg/kg) in all genotypes. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was also detected in NP genotypes, mainly in the bound form (4.88 mg/kg). NP genotypes Basmati 386 and Punjab Basmati 7 also displayed high content of bran flavonoids (1001 and 1028 mg CE/100 g). The bound form of phenolics had significant DPPH and ABTS + activity. This study found wide diversity in the phenolic acid profile, total phenolic constituents, and antioxidant activity in the bran and whole grain of pigmented and NP rice. The individual phenolic acids in free and bound forms in different fractions of the grain were found to exert their antioxidant activity differently. The results obtained will provide new opportunities to improve the nutritional quality of rice with enhanced levels of phytochemicals in the ongoing breeding programs. Black rice bran contains a high level of phytochemicals and thus has a potent pharmaceutical role. This information would enhance the use of whole-grain and bran of pigmented rice in food product development by food technologists. Further studies may be focused on clinical trials with respect to cancer and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosangi Avinash
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Neerja Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kalluri Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Nagaraju Pagidipala
- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Khoshnamvand M, Hamidian AH, Ashtiani S, Ali J, Pei DS. Combined toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and lead on Chlorella vulgaris growth, membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, and morphological alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:28620-28631. [PMID: 38561535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the utilization of amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH2). This surge in usage can be attributed to their exceptional characteristics, including a substantial specific surface area, high energy, and strong reactivity. These properties make them highly suitable for a wide range of industrial and medical applications. Nevertheless, there is a growing apprehension regarding their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms, particularly when considering the potential impact of heavy metals like lead (Pb) on the toxicity of PS-NH2. Herein, we examined the toxic effects of sole PS-NH2 (90 nm) at five concentrations (e.g., 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/L), as well as the simultaneous exposure of PS-NH2 and Pb2+ (using two environmental concentrations, e.g., 20 μg/L for Pb low (PbL) and 80 μg/L for Pb higher (PbH)) to the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. After a 96-h exposure, significant differences in chlorophyll a content and algal growth (biomass) were observed between the control group and other treatments (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The algae exposed to PS-NH2, PS-NH2 + PbL, and PS-NH2 + PbH treatment groups exhibited dose-dependent toxicity responses to chlorophyll a content and biomass. According to the Abbott toxicity model, the combined toxicity of treatment groups of PS-NH2 and PbL,H showed synergistic effects. The largest morphological changes such as C. vulgaris' size reduction and cellular aggregation were evident in the medium treated with elevated concentrations of both PS-NH2 and Pb2+. The toxicity of the treatment groups followed the sequence PS-NH2 < PS-NH2 + PbL < PS-NH2 + PbH. These results contribute novel insights into co-exposure toxicity to PS-NH2 and Pb2+ in algae communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khoshnamvand
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Hamidian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Saeed Ashtiani
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 6, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Jafar Ali
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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11
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Warghane A, Saini R, Shri M, Andankar I, Ghosh DK, Chopade BA. Application of nanoparticles for management of plant viral pathogen: Current status and future prospects. Virology 2024; 592:109998. [PMID: 38301447 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant viruses are responsible for nearly 47 % of all crop losses brought by plant diseases, which have a considerable negative impact on agricultural output. Nanoparticles have the potential to greatly raise agricultural output due to their wonderful applications in the fields of highly sensitive biomolecular detection, disease diagnostics, antimicrobials, and therapeutic compounds. The application of nanotechnology in plant virology is known as nanophytovirology, and it involves biostimulation, drug transport, genetic manipulation, therapeutic agents, and induction of plant defenses. The inactivation and denaturation of capsid protein, nucleic acids (RNA or DNA), and other protein constituents are involved in the underlying mechanism. To determine the precise mechanism by which nanoparticles affect viral mobility, reproduction, encapsidation, and transmission, more research is however required. Nanoparticles can be used to precisely detect plant viruses using nanobiosensors or as biostimulants. The varieties of nanoparticles employed in plant virus control and their methods of virus suppression are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Warghane
- School of Applied Sciences and Technology (SAST), Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rashmi Saini
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Manju Shri
- School of Applied Sciences and Technology (SAST), Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Isha Andankar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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El-Demerdash FM, Karhib MM, Ghanem NF, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Sayed RA. Echinacea purpurea root extract mitigates hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, and ultrastructural changes induced by hexavalent chromium via oxidative stress suppression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26760-26772. [PMID: 38459283 PMCID: PMC11052792 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is mostly renowned as a possible hepatotoxic in mammals. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, a phenolic-rich plant, is recurrently used for its therapeutic properties. Therefore, this investigation was done to explore whether E. purpurea (EP) root extract would have any potential health benefits against an acute dose of CrVI-induced oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity. Results revealed that GC-MS analysis of EP root extract has 26 identified components with a significant amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Twenty-four Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, EP (50 mg/kg BW/day for 21 days), CrVI (15 mg/kg BW as a single intraperitoneal dosage), and EP + CrVI, respectively. Rats treated with CrVI displayed a remarkable rise in oxidative stress markers (TBARS, H2O2, PCC), bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase activity, and a marked decrease in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase activities, and serum protein level. Also, CrVI administration induced apoptosis and inflammation in addition to histological and ultrastructural abnormalities in the liver tissue. The examined parameters were improved significantly in rats pretreated with EP and then intoxicated with CrVI. Conclusively, EP had a potent antioxidant activity and could be used in the modulation of CrVI-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horreya Avenue, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mustafa M Karhib
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Nora F Ghanem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr ElSheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Pharmacy Program, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Raghda A El-Sayed
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horreya Avenue, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt
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Dowling LRC, Scott HA. Diet and COPD: A Gut Feeling About Pathogenesis. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2024; 11:1-2. [PMID: 38531087 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2024.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura R C Dowling
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Hayley A Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
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Asiminicesei DM, Fertu DI, Gavrilescu M. Impact of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Environment on the Metabolic Profile of Medicinal Plants and Their Therapeutic Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:913. [PMID: 38592933 PMCID: PMC10976221 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The paper provides a comprehensive examination of heavy metal stress on medicinal plants, focusing on its impact on antioxidant capacity and biosynthetic pathways critical to their therapeutic potential. It explores the complex relationship between heavy metals and the physiological and biochemical responses of medicinal plants, highlighting how metal stress disrupts biosynthetic pathways, altering concentrations of secondary metabolites. This disruption may compromise the overall quality and efficacy of medicinal plants, requiring a holistic understanding of its cumulative impacts. Furthermore, the study discusses the potential of targeted genetic editing to enhance plant resilience against heavy metal stress by manipulating genes associated with antioxidant defenses. This approach represents a promising frontier in safeguarding medicinal plants in metal-contaminated environments. Additionally, the research investigates the role of phytohormone signaling in plant adaptive mechanisms to heavy metal stress, revealing its influence on biochemical and physiological responses, thereby adding complexity to plant adaptation. The study underscores the importance of innovative technologies and global cooperation in protecting medicinal plants' therapeutic potential and highlights the need for mitigation strategies to address heavy metal contamination effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana-Mihaela Asiminicesei
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Daniela Ionela Fertu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 35 Al. I. Cuza Street, 800002 Galati, Romania
| | - Maria Gavrilescu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Faria OW, de Aguiar MSS, de Mello JE, Alvez FL, Luduvico KP, Garcia DN, Schneider A, Masternak MM, Spanevello RM, Stefanello FM. Senolytics prevent age-associated changes in female mice brain. Neurosci Lett 2024; 826:137730. [PMID: 38485080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Considering that the combination of dasatinib and quercetin (D + Q) demonstrated a neuroprotective action, as well as that females experience a decline in hormonal levels during aging and this is linked to increased susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease, in this study we evaluated the effect of D + Q on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and on acetylcholinesterase and Na+, K+-ATPase activities in brain of female mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were divided in Control and D (5 mg/kg) + Q (50 mg/kg) treated. Treatment was administered via gavage for three consecutive days every two weeks starting at 30 days of age. The animals were euthanized at 6 months of age and at 14 months of age. RESULTS Results indicate an increase in reactive species (RS), thiol content and lipid peroxidation followed by a reduction in nitrite levels and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity in the brain of control animals with age. D+Q protected against age-associated increase in RS and catalase activity reduction. Acetylcholinesterase activity was increased, while Na+, K+-ATPase activity was reduced at 14 months of age and D+Q prevented this reduction. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that D+Q can protect against age-associated neurochemical alterations in the female brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wyse Faria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Soares de Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Julia Eisenhardt de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lopez Alvez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Pereira Luduvico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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An S, Anwar K, Ashraf M, Han KY, Djalilian AR. Chlorine-Induced Toxicity on Murine Cornea: Exploring the Potential Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Cells 2024; 13:458. [PMID: 38474422 PMCID: PMC10930774 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorine (Cl2) exposure poses a significant risk to ocular health, with the cornea being particularly susceptible to its corrosive effects. Antioxidants, known for their ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviate oxidative stress, were explored as potential therapeutic agents to counteract chlorine-induced damage. In vitro experiments using human corneal epithelial cells showed decreased cell viability by chlorine-induced ROS production, which was reversed by antioxidant incubation. The mitochondrial membrane potential decreased due to both low and high doses of Cl2 exposure; however, it was recovered through antioxidants. The wound scratch assay showed that antioxidants mitigated impaired wound healing after Cl2 exposure. In vivo and ex vivo, after Cl2 exposure, increased corneal fluorescein staining indicates damaged corneal epithelial and stromal layers of mice cornea. Likewise, Cl2 exposure in human ex vivo corneas led to corneal injury characterized by epithelial fluorescein staining and epithelial erosion. However, antioxidants protected Cl2-induced damage. These results highlight the effects of Cl2 on corneal cells using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models while also underscoring the potential of antioxidants, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, resveratrol, and melatonin, as protective agents against acute chlorine toxicity-induced corneal injury. Further investigation is needed to confirm the antioxidants' capacity to alleviate oxidative stress and enhance the corneal healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon An
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (K.-Y.H.)
- Clinical Stem Cell Laboratory, UI Blood & Marrow Transplant Program, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Khandaker Anwar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (K.-Y.H.)
| | - Mohammadjavad Ashraf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (K.-Y.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Kyu-Yeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (K.-Y.H.)
| | - Ali R. Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (K.-Y.H.)
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Tahir R, Samra, Afzal F, Liang J, Yang S. Novel protective aspects of dietary polyphenols against pesticidal toxicity and its prospective application in rice-fish mode: A Review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109418. [PMID: 38301811 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The rice fish system represents an innovative and sustainable approach to integrated farming, combining rice cultivation with fish rearing in the same ecosystem. However, one of the major challenges in this system is the pesticidal pollution resulting from various sources, which poses risks to fish health and overall ecosystem balance. In recent years, dietary polyphenols have emerged as promising bioactive compounds with potential chemo-preventive and therapeutic properties. These polyphenols, derived from various plant sources, have shown great potential in reducing the toxicity of pesticides and improving the health of fish within the rice fish system. This review aims to explore the novel aspects of using dietary polyphenols to mitigate pesticidal toxicity and enhance fish health in the rice fish system. It provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols and their beneficial effects on fish health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification properties. Furthermore, the review discusses the potential application methods of dietary polyphenols, such as direct supplementation in fish diets or through incorporation into the rice fields. By understanding the interplay between dietary polyphenols and pesticides in the rice fish system, researchers can develop innovative and sustainable strategies to promote fish health, minimize pesticide impacts, and ensure the long-term viability of this integrated farming approach. The information presented in this review will be valuable for scientists, aqua-culturists, and policymakers aiming to implement eco-friendly and health-enhancing practices in the rice fish system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Tahir
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Samra
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fozia Afzal
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ji Liang
- School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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18
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Kashyap AS, Manzar N, Vishwakarma SK, Mahajan C, Dey U. Tiny but mighty: metal nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents for plant pathogen control. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:104. [PMID: 38372816 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained significant attention in recent years for their potential use as effective antimicrobial agents for controlling plant pathogens. This review article summarizes the recent advances in the role of MNPs in the control of plant pathogens, focusing on their mechanisms of action, applications, and limitations. MNPs can act as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent against various plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Different types of MNPs, such as silver, copper, zinc, iron, and gold, have been studied for their antimicrobial properties. The unique physicochemical properties of MNPs, such as their small size, large surface area, and high reactivity, allow them to interact with plant pathogens at the molecular level, leading to disruption of the cell membrane, inhibition of cellular respiration, and generation of reactive oxygen species. The use of MNPs in plant pathogen control has several advantages, including their low toxicity, selectivity, and biodegradability. However, their effectiveness can be influenced by several factors, including the type of MNP, concentration, and mode of application. This review highlights the current state of knowledge on the use of MNPs in plant pathogen control and discusses the future prospects and challenges in the field. Overall, the review provides insight into the potential of MNPs as a promising alternative to conventional chemical agents for controlling plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap
- Plant Pathology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Nazia Manzar
- Plant Pathology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Vishwakarma
- Plant Pathology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chetna Mahajan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
| | - Utpal Dey
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)-Sepahijala, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Sepahijala, Tripura, India
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Gupta N, El-Gawaad NSA, Mallasiy LO, Gupta H, Yadav VK, Alghamdi S, Qusty NF. Microbial dysbiosis and the aging process: a review on the potential age-deceleration role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1260793. [PMID: 38440135 PMCID: PMC10909992 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1260793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been a serious risk factor for several gastric and systemic diseases. Recently, gut microbiota's role in aging was discussed. Available preclinical evidence suggests that the probiotic bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarums (LP) may influence the aging process via modulation of the gut microbiota. The present review summarized compelling evidence of LP's potential effect on aging hallmarks such as oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA methylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. LP gavage modulates gut microbiota and improves overall endurance in aging animal models. LP cell constituents exert considerable antioxidant potential which may reduce ROS levels directly. In addition, restored gut microbiota facilitate a healthy intestinal milieu and accelerate multi-channel communication via signaling factors such as SCFA and GABA. Signaling factors further activate specific transcription factor Nrf2 in order to reduce oxidative damage. Nrf2 regulates cellular defense systems involving anti-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and protective enzymes against MAPKs. We concluded that LP supplementation may be an effective approach to managing aging and associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Gupta
- Medical Research and Development, River Engineering, Noida, India
| | - N. S. Abd El-Gawaad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - L. O. Mallasiy
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science and Arts in Tihama, King Khalid University, Muhayil, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saad Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem F. Qusty
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Schiuma G, Lara D, Clement J, Narducci M, Rizzo R. NADH: the redox sensor in aging-related disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38366731 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NADH represents the reduced form of NAD+, and together they constitute the two forms of the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide whose balance is named as the NAD+/NADH ratio. NAD+/NADH ratio is mainly involved in redox reactions since both the molecules are responsible for carrying electrons to maintain redox homeostasis. NADH acts as a reducing agent and one of the most known processes exploiting NADH function is energy metabolism. The two main pathways generating energy and involving NADH are Glycolysis and Oxidative phosphorylation, occurring in cell cytosol and in the mitochondrial matrix, respectively. RECENT ADVANCES Although NADH is primarily produced through the reduction of NAD+ and consumed by its own oxidation, several are the biosynthetic and consumption pathways, reflecting the NADH role in multiple cellular processes. CRITICAL ISSUES This review gathers all the main current data referring to NADH in correlation with metabolic and cellular pathways, such as its coenzyme activity, effect in cell death and on modulating redox and calcium homeostasis. Data were selected following eligibility criteria accordingly to the reviewed topic. A set of electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences (WOS), Cochrane Library) have been used for a systematic search until January 2024 using MeSH keywords/terms (i.e., NADH, NAD+/NADH and NADH/NAD+ ratio, redox homeostasis, energy metabolism, aging, aging-related disorders, therapies). FUTURE DIRECTION Gene expression control, as well as to the potential impact on neurodegenerative, cardiac disorders and infections suggest NADH application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Djidjell Lara
- University of Ferrara, 9299, Ferrara, FE, Italy
- BetterHumans, Gainesville, Florida, United States;
| | - James Clement
- Betterhumans Inc., Gainesville, Florida, United States
- University of Ferrara, 9299, Ferrara, FE, Italy;
| | - Marco Narducci
- University of Ferrara, 9299, Ferrara, FE, Italy
- BetterHumans, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Temple University Japan Campus, 83908, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- University of Ferrara, 9299, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara, Ferrara, FE, Italy, 44121;
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Dama A, Shpati K, Daliu P, Dumur S, Gorica E, Santini A. Targeting Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Nutraceuticals in Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2024; 16:507. [PMID: 38398830 PMCID: PMC10891887 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of metabolic and cardiometabolic disorders, often characterized by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, poses significant health challenges globally. As the traditional therapeutic approaches may sometimes fall short in managing these health conditions, attention is growing toward nutraceuticals worldwide; with compounds being obtained from natural sources with potential therapeutic beneficial effects being shown to potentially support and, in some cases, replace pharmacological treatments, especially for individuals who do not qualify for conventional pharmacological treatments. This review delves into the burgeoning field of nutraceutical-based pharmacological modulation as a promising strategy for attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation in metabolic and cardiometabolic disorders. Drawing from an extensive body of research, the review showcases various nutraceutical agents, such as polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants, which exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. All these can be classified as novel nutraceutical-based drugs that are capable of regulating pathways to mitigate oxidative-stress- and inflammation-associated metabolic diseases. By exploring the mechanisms through which nutraceuticals interact with oxidative stress pathways and immune responses, this review highlights their potential to restore redox balance and temper chronic inflammation. Additionally, the challenges and prospects of nutraceutical-based interventions are discussed, encompassing bioavailability enhancement, personalized treatment approaches, and clinical translation. Through a comprehensive analysis of the latest scientific reports, this article underscores the potential of nutraceutical-based pharmacological treatment modulation as a novel avenue to fight oxidative stress and inflammation in the complex landscape of metabolic disorders, particularly accentuating their impact on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Dama
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania; (A.D.); (K.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Kleva Shpati
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania; (A.D.); (K.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Patricia Daliu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania; (A.D.); (K.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Seyma Dumur
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, 34408 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, 1017 Tirana, Albania; (A.D.); (K.S.); (P.D.)
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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22
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Kamaei R, Kafi M, Afshari RT, Shafaroudi SM, Nabati J. Physiological and molecular changes of onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds under different aging conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:85. [PMID: 38308226 PMCID: PMC10837900 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onion seeds have limited storage capacity compared to other vegetable seeds. It is crucial to identify the mechanisms that induce tolerance to storage conditions and reduce seed deterioration. To address this goal, an experiment was conducted to evaluate changes in germination, biochemical, physiological, and molecular characteristics of onion seed landraces (Horand, Kazerun landraces and Zargan cultivar) at different aging levels (control, three-days and six-days accelerated aging, and natural aging for one year). RESULTS The findings suggest that there was an increase in glucose, fructose, total sugar, and electrolyte leakage in the Horand (HOR), Kazerun (KAZ) landraces, and Zarghan (ZAR) cultivar, with Kazerun exhibiting the greatest increase. The percentage and rate of germination of Kazerun decreased by 54% and 33%, respectively, in six-day accelerated aging compared to the control, while it decreased by 12% and 14%, respectively, in Horand. Protein content decreased with increasing levels of aging, with a decrease of 26% in Kazerun landrace at six days of aging, while it was 16% in Horand landrace. The antioxidant activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased more intensively in Kazerun. The expression of AMY1, BMY1, CTR1, and NPR1 genes were lower in Kazerun landraces than in Horand and Zargan at different aging levels. CONCLUSIONS The AMY1, BMY1, CTR1, and NPR1 genes play a pivotal role in onion seed germination, and their downregulation under stressful conditions has been shown to decrease germination rates. In addition, the activity of CAT, SOD, and GPx enzymes decreased by seed aging, and the amount of glucose, fructose, total sugar and electrolyte leakage increased, which ultimately led to seed deterioration. Based on the results of this experiment, it is recommended to conduct further studies into the molecular aspects involved in onion seed deterioration. More research on the genes related to this process is suggested, as well as investigating the impact of different priming treatments on the genes expression involved in the onion seed aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Kamaei
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kafi
- Department of Agrotechnonogy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | | | - Jafar Nabati
- Department of Agrotechnonogy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Del Río SG, Plans-Beriso E, Ramis R, Ortolá R, Pastor R, Sotos-Prieto M, Castelló A, Requena RO, Moleón JJJ, Félix BMF, Muriel A, Miret M, Mateos JLA, Choi YH, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Fernández-Navarro P, García-Esquinas E. Exposure to residential traffic and trajectories of unhealthy ageing: results from a nationally-representative cohort of older adults. Environ Health 2024; 23:15. [PMID: 38303067 PMCID: PMC10832178 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic exposure has been associated with biomarkers of increased biological ageing, age-related chronic morbidities, and increased respiratory, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality. Whether it is associated with functional impairments and unhealthy ageing trajectories is unknown. METHODS Nationally representative population-based cohort with 3,126 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who contributed 8,291 biannual visits over a 10 year period. Unhealthy ageing was estimated with a deficit accumulation index (DAI) based on the number and severity of 52 health deficits, including 22 objectively-measured impairments in physical and cognitive functioning. Differences in DAI at each follow-up across quintiles of residential traffic density (RTD) at 50 and 100 meters, and closest distance to a petrol station, were estimated using flexible marginal structural models with inverse probability of censoring weights. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and time-varying lifestyle factors, social deprivation index at the census tract and residential exposure to natural spaces. RESULTS At baseline, the mean (SD) age and DAI score of the participants were 69.0 (6.6) years and 17.02 (11.0) %, and 54.0% were women. The median (IQR) RTD at 50 and 100 meters were 77 (31-467) and 509 (182-1802) vehicles/day, and the mean (SD) distance to the nearest petrol station of 962 (1317) meters. The average increase in DAI (95%CI) for participants in quintiles Q2-Q5 (vs Q1) of RTD at 50 meters was of 1.51 (0.50, 2.53), 0.98 (-0.05, 2.01), 2.20 (1.18, 3.21) and 1.98 (0.90, 3.05), respectively. Consistent findings were observed at 100 meters. By domains, most of the deficits accumulated with increased RTD were of a functional nature, although RTD at 50 meters was also associated with worse self-reported health, increased vitality problems and higher incidence of chronic morbidities. Living closer to a petrol station was associated with a higher incidence of functional impairments and chronic morbidities. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to nearby residential traffic is associated with accelerated trajectories of unhealthy ageing. Diminishing traffic pollution should become a priority intervention for adding healthy years to life in the old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gómez Del Río
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Plans-Beriso
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Pastor
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- IMDEA-Food Institute (CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Castelló
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Olmedo Requena
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez Moleón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja María Fernández Félix
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursery and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER en Salud Mental - CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER en Salud Mental - CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- School of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute (CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Ibrahim D, I Abdel Rahman MM, M Abd El-Ghany A, A A Hassanen E, A Al-Jabr O, A Abd El-Wahab R, Zayed S, Abd El Khalek Salem M, Nabil El Tahawy S, Youssef W, A Tolba H, E Dawod R, Taha R, H Arisha A, T Y Kishawy A. Chlorella vulgaris extract conjugated magnetic iron nanoparticles in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Growth promoting, immunostimulant and antioxidant role and combating against the synergistic infection with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Aeromonashydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109352. [PMID: 38171430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Nile tilapia reared under intensive conditions was more susceptible for Ichthyophthirius multifilii (I. multifiliis) infection eliciting higher mortality, lower productive rate and further bacterial coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). The higher potency of magnetic field of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) can kill pathogens through inhibiting their viability. Herein, coating of Chlorella vulgaris extract (ChVE) with magnetic iron oxide NPs (Mag iron NPs) can create an external magnetic field that facilitates their release inside the targeted tissues. Thus, the current study is focused on application of new functionalized properties of Mag iron NPs in combination with ChVE and their efficacy to alleviate I. multifiliis and subsequent infection with A. hydrophila in Nile tilapia. Four hundred fingerlings were divided into: control group (with no additives), three groups fed control diet supplemented with ChVE, Mag iron NPs and ChVE@Mag iron NPs for 90 days. At the end of feeding trial fish were challenged with I. multifiliis and at 9 days post challenge was coinfected by A. hydrophila. A remarkable higher growth rate and an improved feed conversion ratio were detected in group fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs. The maximum expression of antioxidant enzymes in skin and gills tissues (GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD) which came in parallel with higher serum activities of these enzymes was identified in groups received ChVE@Mag iron-NPs. Furthermore, group fed a combination of ChVE and Mag iron-NPs showed a boosted immune response (higher lysozyme, IgM, ACH50, and MPO) prior to challenge with I. multifiliis. In contrast, fish fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs supplemented diet had lower infection (decreased by 62%) and mortality rates (decreased by 84%), as well as less visible white spots (decreased by 92 % at 12 dpi) on the body surfaces and mucous score. Interestingly, post I. multifiliis the excessive inflammatory response in gill and skin tissues was subsided by feeding on ChVE@Mag iron-NPs as proved by down regulation of IL-1β, TNFα, COX-2 and iNOS and upregulation of IL-10, and IgM, IgT and Muc-2 genes. Notably, group exposed to I. multifiliis-showed higher mortality when exposed to Aeromonas hydrophilia (increased by 43 %) while group fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs exhibited lower morality (2%). Moreover, the bacterial loads of A. hydrophilia in fish infected by I. multifiliis and fed control diet were higher than those received dietary supplement of ChVE, Mag iron-NPs and the most reduced load was obtained in group fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs at 7 dpi. In conclusion, ChVE@Mag iron-NPs fed fish had stronger immune barrier and antioxidant functions of skin and gills, and better survival following I. multifiliis and A. hydrophilia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | | | - Amany M Abd El-Ghany
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Eman A A Hassanen
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Omar A Al-Jabr
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham A Abd El-Wahab
- Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 246 Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Zayed
- Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 246 Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mona Abd El Khalek Salem
- Department of Fish Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Nabil El Tahawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Zagazig Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Zagazig 44516, Egypt
| | - Wessam Youssef
- Biotechnology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), 246 Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba A Tolba
- Department of Fish Health and Management, Central Laboratory of Aquaculture Research (CLAR), AboHamad, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Rehab E Dawod
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Institute, Damietta Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rahma Taha
- Department of Zoology, Animal Immunology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa T Y Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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25
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Nasb M, Tao W, Chen N. Alzheimer's Disease Puzzle: Delving into Pathogenesis Hypotheses. Aging Dis 2024; 15:43-73. [PMID: 37450931 PMCID: PMC10796101 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by both amnestic and non-amnestic clinical manifestations. It accounts for approximately 60-70% of all dementia cases worldwide. With the increasing number of AD patients, elucidating underlying mechanisms and developing corresponding interventional strategies are necessary. Hypotheses about AD such as amyloid cascade, Tau hyper-phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cholinergic, and vascular hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, and all of them play a certain role in the development of AD. The amyloid cascade hypothesis is currently the most widely studied; however, other hypotheses are also gaining support. This article summarizes the recent evidence regarding major pathological hypotheses of AD and their potential interplay, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each hypothesis and their implications for the development of effective treatments. This could stimulate further studies and promote the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
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26
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Mostofa MG, Reza AA, Khan Z, Munira MS, Khatoon MM, Kabir SR, Sadik MG, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R, Kazi M, Alam AHMK. Apoptosis-inducing anti-proliferative and quantitative phytochemical profiling with in silico study of antioxidant-rich Leea aequata L. leaves. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23400. [PMID: 38170014 PMCID: PMC10759211 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been important parts of traditional medicine since ancient times, with various promising health effects. Leea aequata (L. aequata), a natural product, has been widely used for treating several diseases due to its promising pharmacological activities. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the phytochemical profiling and molecular docking of the antioxidant-rich part of L. aequata leaves and its antiproliferative activity. L. aequata leaves were extracted with methanol, followed by fractionation with the respective solvents to obtain the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. The cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities were detected using MTT colorimetric and confocal microscopy methods, respectively. Phytochemical compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry analysis. Computer aided (molecular docking SwissADME, AdmetSAR and pass prediction) analyses were undertaken to sort out the best-fit phytochemicals present in the plant responsible for antioxidant and anticancer effects. Among the fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction was the most abundant polyphenol-rich fraction and showed the highest antioxidant, reducing power, and free radical scavenging activities. Compared to untreated MCF-7 cells, ethyl acetate fraction-treated MCF-7 cells showed an increase in apoptotic characteristics, such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation, causing apoptosis and decreased proliferation of HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, gas chromatography mass spectrometry data revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction contained 16 compounds, including methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids, which are the major chemical constituents. Moreover, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (Z, Z) and phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) are known to have antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, as confirmed by computer-aided models. A strong correlation was observed between the antioxidant and polyphenolic contents and the anticancer activity. In conclusion, we explored the possibility that L. aequata could be a promising source of antioxidants and anticancer agents with a high phytochemical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Mostofa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - A.S.M. Ali Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mst Mahfuza Khatoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - AHM Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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27
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Zhang Y, Gu Z, Xu Y, He M, Gerber BS, Wang Z, Liu F, Peng C. Global scientific trends in healthy aging in the early 21st century: A data-driven scientometric and visualized analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23405. [PMID: 38170072 PMCID: PMC10758827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background According to the World Health Organization (WHO), healthy aging is the process of developing and maintaining the functional capacity for health in old age. A rapidly growing number of research studies on healthy aging have been conducted worldwide. The purpose of this research work is to explore global scientific landscape of healthy aging research over the last 22 years. Methods Scientific publications on healthy aging from January 1, 2000 to October 11, 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on October 11, 2022. A total of 6420 publications were included in the scientometric analysis. VOSviewer (1.6.18) was used to conduct scientometric and visualized analysis. Results The publication growth rate was 35.68 from 2000 to 2021. The United States of America (USA) led in both productivity and citations. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA was prominent in terms of both the highest citation count and the highest average citation count. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) and Evans, Michele K. were the most influential organization and author, respectively. Research hotspots in healthy aging were identified based on the co-occurrence analysis of keywords: (1) physical activity and mental health of older adults; (2) diseases impacting the health and lifespan of older adults; and (3) neuroscience. Our analysis indicates that gut microbiota, loneliness, frailty, mitochondria and resilience were the emerging themes in healthy aging research. Conclusions The quantity of annual publications on healthy aging has rapidly increased over the past 22 years, especially during 2018-2021. This analysis identified the status, trends, hot topics, and frontiers of healthy aging research. These findings will help researchers quickly understand the global representation of healthy aging research, influence resource dissemination, promote international collaborations, guide policy formulation, and improve health services for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Information Center, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengmin Gu
- Department of Information Center, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingxin Xu
- Department of Information Center, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Information Center, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ben S. Gerber
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhongqing Wang
- Department of Information Center, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feifan Liu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Mattos LMM, Hottum HM, Pires DC, Segat BB, Horn A, Fernandes C, Pereira MD. Exploring the antioxidant activity of Fe(III), Mn(III)Mn(II), and Cu(II) compounds in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Galleria mellonella models of study. FEMS Yeast Res 2024; 24:foad052. [PMID: 38124682 PMCID: PMC10776354 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to oxidative stress, aging, and the onset of human diseases. To mitigate ROS-induced damages, extensive research has focused on examining the antioxidative attributes of various synthetic/natural substances. Coordination compounds serving as synthetic antioxidants have emerged as a promising approach to attenuate ROS toxicity. Herein, we investigated the antioxidant potential of a series of Fe(III) (1), Mn(III)Mn(II) (2) and Cu(II) (3) coordination compounds synthesized with the ligand N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)[(3-chloro)(2-hydroxy)]-propylamine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to oxidative stress. We also assessed the antioxidant potential of these complexes in the alternative model of study, Galleria mellonella. DPPH analysis indicated that these complexes presented moderate antioxidant activity. However, treating Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 1, 2 and 3 increased the tolerance against oxidative stress and extended yeast lifespan. The treatment of yeast cells with these complexes decreased lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in stressed cells, whilst no change in SOD activity was observed. Moreover, these complexes induced the Hsp104 expression. In G. mellonella, complex administration extended larval survival under H2O2 stress and did not affect the insect's life cycle. Our results suggest that the antioxidant potential exhibited by these complexes could be further explored to mitigate various oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M M Mattos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Rede de Micologia RJ - FAPERJ
| | - Hyan M Hottum
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Rede de Micologia RJ - FAPERJ
| | - Daniele C Pires
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Rede de Micologia RJ - FAPERJ
| | - Bruna B Segat
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Horn
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Christiane Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos D Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Rede de Micologia RJ - FAPERJ
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Wu C, Mulakaluri A, Chaurasia P, Suryanarayana S, Singh A, Krauss N, Tahir P, Elder C, Puthiyedath R, Dhruva A. A scoping review of Ayurvedic rasayana adaptogens in oncology. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100879. [PMID: 38301299 PMCID: PMC10847161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rasayanas are Ayurvedic natural products that have adaptogenic effects. The extensive research on rasayanas in oncology is not currently well summarized. The aim of this review is to investigate the range and nature of the current body of research, identify gaps in knowledge, and to summarize the existing literature as it relates to Ayurvedic rasayanas and oncology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search of fifteen Ayurvedic adaptogen rasayanas was conducted using three main concepts: Ayurvedic herbal terms, neoplasm terms, and oncological pathways. After screening was performed, key variables were extracted (tagged) including type of adaptogen, cancer type, type of study design, constituent type, and mechanisms of action (MOA). The results were synthesized and summarized using descriptive statistics and narrative summaries. RESULTS Five hundred and eighty-four articles were reviewed and tagged. The two most tagged adaptogens were Glycyrrhiza glabra (Yashthimadhu/licorice) (n = 166 (28.4 %)) and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) (n = 151 (25.9 %)). The most frequently tagged cancer diagnostic categories were gastrointestinal (n = 175 (30 %)), and breast (n = 126 (21 %)). Most of the articles focused on in vitro studies (n = 470 (80.3 %)). Of the 12 MOA tags, the most frequently tagged was apoptosis (n = 298 (29.2 %)). CONCLUSION A large body of pre-clinical literature exists on adaptogen rasayanas in oncology, indicating this field of research is still in its early phase. Comparatively few studies focused on the effects on the immune system. Given the growing interest in immuno-oncology therapeutics and the potential impact of adaptogen rasayanas on the immune system, future research may focus more in this area, along with work that is more directly linked to future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cairn Wu
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Ashley Mulakaluri
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Pranay Chaurasia
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sindhu Suryanarayana
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ambreen Singh
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nicole Krauss
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Peggy Tahir
- UCSF Library, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Charles Elder
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Anand Dhruva
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Zeidan RS, McElroy T, Rathor L, Martenson MS, Lin Y, Mankowski RT. Sex differences in frailty among older adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112333. [PMID: 37993077 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
By definition, aging is a natural, gradual and continuous process. On the other hand, frailty reflects the increase in vulnerability to stressors and shortens the time without disease (health span) while longevity refers to the length of life (lifespan). The average life expectancy has significantly increased during the last few decades. A longer lifespan has been accompanied by an increase in frailty and decreased independence in older adults, with major differences existing between men and women. For example, women tend to live longer than men but also experience higher rates of frailty and disability. Sex differences prevent optimization of lifestyle interventions and therapies to effectively prevent frailty. Sex differences in frailty and aging are rooted in a complex interplay between uncontrollable (genetic, epigenetic, physiological), and controllable factors (psychosocial and lifestyle factors). Thus, understanding the underlying causes of sex differences in frailty and aging is essential for developing personalized interventions to promote healthy aging and improve quality of life in older men and women. In this review, we have discussed the key contributors and knowledge gaps related to sex differences in aging and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola S Zeidan
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Taylor McElroy
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Laxmi Rathor
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Matthew S Martenson
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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Marques-Carvalho A, Kim HN, Almeida M. The role of reactive oxygen species in bone cell physiology and pathophysiology. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101664. [PMID: 38163012 PMCID: PMC10757300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2-•), and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the vast majority of mammalian cells and can contribute both to cellular homeostasis and dysfunction. The NADPH oxidases (NOX) enzymes and the mitochondria electron transport chain (ETC) produce most of the cellular ROS. Multiple antioxidant systems prevent the accumulation of excessive amounts of ROS which cause damage to all cellular macromolecules. Many studies have examined the contribution of ROS to different bone cell types and to skeletal physiology and pathophysiology. Here, we discuss the role of H2O2 and O2-• and their major enzymatic sources in osteoclasts and osteoblasts, the fundamentally different ways via which these cell types utilize mitochondrial derived H2O2 for differentiation and function, and the molecular mechanisms that impact and are altered by ROS in these cells. Particular emphasis is placed on evidence obtained from mouse models describing the contribution of different sources of ROS or antioxidant enzymes to bone resorption and formation. Findings from studies using pharmacological or genetically modified mouse models indicate that an increase in H2O2 and perhaps other ROS contribute to the loss of bone mass with aging and estrogen deficiency, the two most important causes of osteoporosis and increased fracture risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marques-Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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Allemann MS, Lee P, Beer JH, Saeedi Saravi SS. Targeting the redox system for cardiovascular regeneration in aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e14020. [PMID: 37957823 PMCID: PMC10726899 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging presents a formidable challenge, as the aging process can lead to reduced cardiac function and heightened susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, there is an escalating, unmet medical need for innovative and effective cardiovascular regeneration strategies aimed at restoring and rejuvenating aging cardiovascular tissues. Altered redox homeostasis and the accumulation of oxidative damage play a pivotal role in detrimental changes to stem cell function and cellular senescence, hampering regenerative capacity in aged cardiovascular system. A mounting body of evidence underscores the significance of targeting redox machinery to restore stem cell self-renewal and enhance their differentiation potential into youthful cardiovascular lineages. Hence, the redox machinery holds promise as a target for optimizing cardiovascular regenerative therapies. In this context, we delve into the current understanding of redox homeostasis in regulating stem cell function and reprogramming processes that impact the regenerative potential of the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, we offer insights into the recent translational and clinical implications of redox-targeting compounds aimed at enhancing current regenerative therapies for aging cardiovascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Sarah Allemann
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
- Department of Internal MedicineCantonal Hospital BadenBadenSwitzerland
| | - Pratintip Lee
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
- Department of Internal MedicineCantonal Hospital BadenBadenSwitzerland
| | - Jürg H. Beer
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
- Department of Internal MedicineCantonal Hospital BadenBadenSwitzerland
| | - Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital Zurich, University of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
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Patani A, Balram D, Yadav VK, Lian KY, Patel A, Sahoo DK. Harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants against adrenal hormone imbalance-associated oxidative stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1271521. [PMID: 38098868 PMCID: PMC10720671 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1271521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, resulting from dysregulation in the secretion of adrenal hormones, represents a major concern in human health. The present review comprehensively examines various categories of endocrine dysregulation within the adrenal glands, encompassing glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Additionally, a comprehensive account of adrenal hormone disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, and adrenal tumors, is presented, with particular emphasis on their intricate association with oxidative stress. The review also delves into an examination of various nutritional antioxidants, namely vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, and probiotics, and elucidates their role in mitigating the adverse effects of oxidative stress arising from imbalances in adrenal hormone levels. In conclusion, harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants has the potential to help with oxidative stress caused by an imbalance in adrenal hormones. This could lead to new research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S.S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak Balram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Kuang-Yow Lian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Liu S, Cheng S, Chen B, Xiao P, Zhan J, Liu J, Chen Z, Liu J, Zhang T, Lei Y, Huang W. Microvesicles-hydrogel breaks the cycle of cellular senescence by improving mitochondrial function to treat osteoarthritis. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:429. [PMID: 37968657 PMCID: PMC10652587 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disease characterised by the accumulation of senescent chondrocytes, which drives its pathogenesis and progression. Senescent cells exhibit distinct features, including mitochondrial dysfunction and the excessive accumulation and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly correlated and lead to a vicious cycle of increasing senescent cells. Stem cell therapy has proven effective in addressing cellular senescence, however, it still has issues such as immune rejection and ethical concerns. Microvesicles (MVs) constitute the primary mechanism through which stem cell therapy exerts its effects, offering a cell-free approach that circumvents these risks and has excellent anti-ageing potential. Nonetheless, MVs have a short in vivo half-life, and their secretion composition varies considerably under diverse conditions. This study aims to address these issues by constructing a ROS-responsive hydrogel loaded with pre-stimulant MVs. Through responding to ROS levels this hydrogel intelligently releases MVs, and enhancing mitochondrial function in chondrocytes to improving cellular senescence. RESULT We employed Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as a stem cell-specific stimulus to generate IFN-γ-microvesicles (iMVs) with enhanced anti-ageing effects. Simultaneously, we developed a ROS-responsive carrier utilising 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA)-modified silk fibroin (SF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This carrier served to protect MVs, prolong longevity, and facilitate intelligent release. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the Hydrogel@iMVs effectively mitigated cell senescence, improved mitochondrial function, and enhanced cellular antioxidant capacity. In vivo experiments further substantiated the anti-ageing capabilities of the Hydrogel@iMVs. CONCLUSION The effect of MVs can be significantly enhanced by appropriate pre-stimulation and constructing a suitable carrier. Therefore, we have developed a ROS-responsive hydrogel containing IFN-γ pre-stimulated iMVs to target the characteristics of ageing chondrocytes in OA for therapeutic purposes. Overall, this novel approach effectively improving mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species was reduced, finally, alleviates cellular senescence, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senrui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwen Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingdi Zhan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuolin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Lei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Fátima Heredia R, Riestra-Ayora JI, Yanes-Díaz J, Thuissard Vasallo IJ, Andreu-Vázquez C, Sanz-Fernández R, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. Cocoa Polyphenols Prevent Age-Related Hearing Loss and Frailty in an In Vivo Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1994. [PMID: 38001847 PMCID: PMC10669688 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) impairs the quality of life in elderly persons. ARHL is associated with comorbidities, such as depression, falls, or frailty. Frailty syndrome is related to poor health outcomes in old age. ARHL is a potentially modifiable risk factor for frailty. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key factor underlying the onset and/or development of ARHL and frailty. Cocoa has high levels of polyphenols and provides many health benefits due to its antioxidant properties. Male and female C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to two study groups: animals receiving a cocoa-supplemented diet and the other receiving a standard diet. Then, at the ages of 6, 14, and 22 months, hearing and frailty were measured in all mice. Auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) threshold shifts were measured to different frequencies. The frailty score was based on the "Valencia Score" adapted to the experimental animals. The total antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols in urine samples were also measured. Significant improvements in hearing ability are observed in the cocoa groups at 6, 14, and 22 months compared to the no cocoa group. The cocoa diet significantly retards the development of frailty in mice. Cocoa increases the concentration of polyphenols excreted in the urine, which increases the total antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, cocoa, due to its antioxidant properties, leads to significant protection against ARHL and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Fátima Heredia
- Department Clinical Analysis, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan I. Riestra-Ayora
- Otolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; (J.I.R.-A.); (J.Y.-D.); (R.S.-F.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; (I.J.T.V.); (C.A.-V.)
| | - Joaquín Yanes-Díaz
- Otolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; (J.I.R.-A.); (J.Y.-D.); (R.S.-F.)
| | - Israel John Thuissard Vasallo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; (I.J.T.V.); (C.A.-V.)
| | - Cristina Andreu-Vázquez
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; (I.J.T.V.); (C.A.-V.)
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Fernández
- Otolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; (J.I.R.-A.); (J.Y.-D.); (R.S.-F.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; (I.J.T.V.); (C.A.-V.)
| | - Carolina Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; (I.J.T.V.); (C.A.-V.)
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Siano F, Sammarco AS, Fierro O, Castaldo D, Caruso T, Picariello G, Vasca E. Insights into the Structure-Capacity of Food Antioxidant Compounds Assessed Using Coulometry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1963. [PMID: 38001816 PMCID: PMC10669202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CDAC (coulometrically determined antioxidant capacity) involves the determination of the antioxidant capacity of individual compounds or their mixtures using constant-current coulometry, with electrogenerated Br2 as the titrant, and biamperometric detection of the endpoint via Br2 excess. CDAC is an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and cheap measurement of the mol electrons (mol e-) transferred in a redox process. In this study, the CDAC of 48 individual antioxidants commonly found in foods has been determined. The molar ratio CDAC (CDACχ, mol e- mol-1) of representative antioxidants is ranked as follows: tannic acid > malvidin-3-O-glucoside ≃ curcumin > quercetin > catechin ≃ ellagic acid > gallic acid > tyrosol > BHT ≃ hydroxytyrosol > chlorogenic acid ≃ ascorbic acid ≃ Trolox®. In many cases, the CDACχ ranking of the flavonoids did not comply with the structural motifs that promote electron or hydrogen atom transfers, known as the Bors criteria. As an accurate esteem of the stoichiometric coefficients for reactions of antioxidants with Br2, the CDACχ provides insights into the structure-activity relationships underlying (electro)chemical reactions. The electrochemical ratio (ER), defined as the antioxidant capacity of individual compounds relative to ascorbic acid, represents a dimensionless nutritional index that can be used to estimate the antioxidant power of any foods on an additive basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Siano
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Anna Sofia Sammarco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.S.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Olga Fierro
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Azienda Speciale CCIAA di Reggio Calabria, Via G. Tommasini 2, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
- Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy, Via Molise 2, 00187 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e ProdAl Scarl, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.S.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Ermanno Vasca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.S.S.); (T.C.)
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Dave BP, Shah YB, Maheshwari KG, Mansuri KA, Prajapati BS, Postwala HI, Chorawala MR. Pathophysiological Aspects and Therapeutic Armamentarium of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Trends and Future Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3847-3884. [PMID: 37725199 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and is characterized by the death of brain cells due to the accumulation of insoluble amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles within the cells. AD is also associated with other pathologies such as neuroinflammation, dysfunction of synaptic connections and circuits, disorders in mitochondrial function and energy production, epigenetic changes, and abnormalities in the vascular system. Despite extensive research conducted over the last hundred years, little is established about what causes AD or how to effectively treat it. Given the severity of the disease and the increasing number of affected individuals, there is a critical need to discover effective medications for AD. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several new drug molecules for AD management since 2003, but these drugs only provide temporary relief of symptoms and do not address the underlying causes of the disease. Currently, available medications focus on correcting the neurotransmitter disruption observed in AD, including cholinesterase inhibitors and an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which temporarily alleviates the signs of dementia but does not prevent or reverse the course of AD. Research towards disease-modifying AD treatments is currently underway, including gene therapy, lipid nanoparticles, and dendrimer-based therapy. These innovative approaches aim to target the underlying pathological processes of AD rather than just managing the symptoms. This review discusses the novel aspects of pathogenesis involved in the causation of AD of AD and in recent developments in the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of AD such as gene therapy, lipid nanoparticles, and dendrimer-based therapy, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavarth P Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Yesha B Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kunal G Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kaif A Mansuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Bhadrawati S Prajapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Humzah I Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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Choi N, Kim KC, Jeong PY, Kim B. Effects of the Complex of Panicum miliaceum Extract and Triticum aestivum Extract on Hair Condition. Nutrients 2023; 15:4411. [PMID: 37892488 PMCID: PMC10609892 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been used as major crops in multiple regions since ancient times, and they contain various nutrients that can affect human hair health. This study investigated the various biological effects of a complex of millet extract and wheat extract (MWC) on hair health. Human immortalized dermal papilla cells (iDPCs) for an in vitro study and an anagen-synchronized mouse model for an in vivo study were employed. These findings revealed that the application of the MWC in vitro led to an increase in the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and SOD1), growth factors (IGF-1, VEGF, and FGF7), and factors related to hair growth (wnt10b, β-catenin) while decreasing inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels (IL-6 and TNFα). The mRNA levels of hair follicles (HFs) in the dorsal skin of the mouse model in the early and late telogen phases were also measured. The mRNA levels in the in vivo study showed a similar alteration tendency as in the in vitro study in the early and late telogen phases. In this model, MWC treatment elongated the anagen phase of the hair cycle. These findings indicate that the MWC can suppress oxidative stress and inflammation and may elongate the anagen phase by enhancing the growth factors involved in the wnt10b/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study suggests that the MWC might have significant potential as a functional food for maintaining hair health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyun Choi
- Epibiotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28220, Republic of Korea;
| | - Pan-Young Jeong
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28220, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bumsik Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeonsung University, Anyang 14011, Republic of Korea
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Zou L, Jin L, Yang B, Shu Y, Gong R. Dose-response relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and diabetic kidney disease in the US adults with diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1365-1375. [PMID: 37347448 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effects of dietary antioxidants on numerous diseases have been widely studied. However, the evidence regarding composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in individuals with diabetes is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the associations of CDAI with DKD and mortality in adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS This study utilized data from 5676 adult DM participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of 2007-2018. The study followed up on death outcomes by linking the data to records from the National Death Index until December 31, 2019. CDAI was evaluated using a well-established method that included six food-sourced antioxidants derived from 24-h dietary recall: selenium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids. The regression models were used to estimate the relationships of CDAI with DKD and mortality in diabetic individuals. RESULTS The weighted mean CDAI level for the 5676 participants, which represented 31.36 million noninstitutionalized residents of the US, was 0.33. Based on CDAI quartiles, participants were classified into four groups. CDAI levels were significantly associated with age, gender, race, physical activity, estimated glomerular filtration rate and the prevalence of albuminuria, DKD and hyperuricemia. DKD occurred in 36.44% of diabetic participants, and higher CDAI levels were independently associated with a lower risk of DKD (OR 0.74, 95%CI 0.59-0.94, p for trend = 0.004) in diabetic individuals after multivariate adjustment. During a median follow-up of 67 months (38-104 months), a total of 1065 (15.80%) diabetic individuals died from all causes. Diabetic individuals with higher CDAI levels (Q4) demonstrated a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52-0.86, p for trend = 0.01) after adjusting for age, gender and race. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining an adequate antioxidant diet, as reflected in higher CDAI levels, may lower the risk of DKD and mortality in diabetic individuals. These findings offer a promising approach to managing diabetes and highlight the potential of food-based antioxidants as a preventative measure. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanism linking dietary antioxidants and DKD and mortality in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lizhu Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Shu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rong Gong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 37, Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, China.
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Sanghai N, Tranmer GK. Biochemical and Molecular Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Integrated View. Cells 2023; 12:2318. [PMID: 37759540 PMCID: PMC10527779 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are defined by a myriad of complex aetiologies. Understanding the common biochemical molecular pathologies among NDDs gives an opportunity to decipher the overlapping and numerous cross-talk mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Numerous interrelated pathways lead to the progression of neurodegeneration. We present evidence from the past pieces of literature for the most usual global convergent hallmarks like ageing, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity-induced calcium butterfly effect, defective proteostasis including chaperones, autophagy, mitophagy, and proteosome networks, and neuroinflammation. Herein, we applied a holistic approach to identify and represent the shared mechanism across NDDs. Further, we believe that this approach could be helpful in identifying key modulators across NDDs, with a particular focus on AD, PD, and ALS. Moreover, these concepts could be applied to the development and diagnosis of novel strategies for diverse NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Sanghai
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
| | - Geoffrey K. Tranmer
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Hu W, Zheng R, Feng Y, Tan D, Chan Chung-Tsing G, Su X, Kim JE. Impacts of regular consumption of grapes on macular pigment accumulation in Singapore older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:8321-8330. [PMID: 37605542 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02105j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress is a key risk factor for visual impairment and consuming dietary antioxidant-rich foods may help in managing visual impairments. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the effect of dietary antioxidant-rich food including grapes on eye health in older adults. Objectives: To assess the effects on macular pigment accumulation of regular consumption of grapes in Singapore older adults. Methods: This was a 16 week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-four Singapore older adults were randomized into regularly consuming either 46 g day-1 of freeze-dried table grape powder (the intervention group) or the same amount of placebo powder (the control group). Macular pigment optical density (MPOD), skin carotenoid status, advanced glycation end product (AGEs) status and dietary lutein intake were assessed every 4 weeks, and plasma lutein concentration, total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content were measured every 8 weeks. Results: A significant time effect (p = 0.007) was observed for MPOD, and this is largely attributed to the improvement in the MPOD for the intervention group, as a significant increase was observed only in this group (week 0: 0.56 ± 0.04 D.U.; week 16: 0.61 ± 0.04 D.U., p < 0.01). Additionally, a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (week 0: 0.26 ± 0.13 mM TEAC; week 16: 0.36 ± 0.20 mM TEAC, p < 0.01) and total phenolic content (week 0: 10.50 ± 0.44 mg L-1 GAE; week 16: 12.58 ± 0.55 mg L-1 GAE, p < 0.001) was observed for the intervention group only. In contrast, a significant increase in skin AGE status was observed in the control group (week 0: 2.47 ± 0.24; week 16: 2.99 ± 0.12, p < 0.05) while this was mitigated in the intervention group. There were no differences in dietary lutein intake, plasma lutein concentration and skin carotenoid status between groups throughout the study. Conclusions: Regular intake of grapes may improve eye health in Singapore older adults, specifically in augmenting MPOD, which can be explained by an increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content, and the downregulation of AGEs. This study was registered at clinicatrials.gov as NCT05064865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Hu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Ruoxi Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Yuting Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Denise Tan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
- Science and Technology Department, Nestlé R&D Center (Pte) Ltd, Singapore 618802, Singapore
| | - Gregory Chan Chung-Tsing
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Kim J, Lee Y, Seo E, Kim D, Lee J, Jeong Y, Kwon S, Jeong J, Lee W. Association between hearing loss and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: the Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e38. [PMID: 37928374 PMCID: PMC10621009 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hearing loss (HL) is linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The pathogeneses of HL and CVD commonly involve inflammatory responses. Previous studies investigated elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with HL, however, their findings did not demonstrate statistical significance. In our cross-sectional and longitudinal study, we investigated the correlation between HL and increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels to determine how HL is associated with CVDs. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with workers aged over 18 years who underwent health check-ups at our institution between 2012 and 2018 (n = 566,507), followed by conducting a longitudinal study of workers aged > 18 who underwent health checkups at least twice at our institution between 2012 and 2018 (n = 173,794). The definition of HL was as an average threshold of ≥ 20 dB in pure-tone air conduction at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz in both ears. The incidence of increased hsCRP levels throughout the follow-up period was defined as a level exceeding 3 mg/L. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were performed to estimate the risk of increased hsCRP levels according to the occurrence of HL in groups stratified by age. Results In the cross-sectional study, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.34); the OR was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.80-1.22) in those under 40 and 1.28 (1.08-1.53) in those over 40. In the longitudinal study, the multivariable-adjusted OR was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.92-1.19); the OR was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.90-1.35) in those under 40 and 1.20 (1.01-1.43) in those over 40. Conclusions This cross-sectional and longitudinal study identified an association between HL and increased hsCRP levels in workers aged over 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yesung Lee
- Medical Support Division, Pyeongchang County Public Health Clinic, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Eunhye Seo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehoon Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehong Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youshik Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonghyun Kwon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woncheol Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Revathi R, Akash R, Mahadevi R, Sengottuvelu S, Mohanraj P, Vijayakumar N, Krishnamoorthy R, Ahmed MZ, Kazmi S, Kavitha R. Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of crude extracts of Anisomeles malabarica and Coldenia procumbens. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:614-631. [PMID: 37395392 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2231484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude aqueous leaf extracts of Anisomeles malabarica and Coldenia procumbens. The predominant components present in these crude extracts of test plants identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in both plant extracts were phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and phenols. The antibacterial activity of crude extracts of these plants against bacterial pathogens including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella sp., Salmonella paratyphi A and B, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas sp. Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus were examined. Data demonstrated that the extracts of A. malabarica and C. procumbens exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B.subtilis and P.vulgaris at the concentration of 50 mg/ml. A. malabarica aqueous extract displayed significant antioxidant activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl (DPPH), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) free radicals at the concentration of 90 mg/ml. The antioxidant activity was significantly higher with A. malabarica than extract of C. procumbens. Evidence indicates that both plant extracts may possess significant pharmaceutical potential as antibacterial and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Revathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University Centre for Post Graduate and Research Studies, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Akash
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University Centre for Post Graduate and Research Studies, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Mahadevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University Centre for Post Graduate and Research Studies, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Palanisamy Mohanraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natesan Vijayakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Kazmi
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Zoughaib WS, Hoffman RL, Yates BA, Moorthi RN, Lim K, Coggan AR. Short-term beetroot juice supplementation improves muscle speed and power but does not reduce blood pressure or oxidative stress in 65-79 y old men and women. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:34-41. [PMID: 37244392 PMCID: PMC10527284 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that acute ingestion of inorganic nitrate (NO3-)-rich beetroot juice (BRJ), a source of nitric oxide (NO) via the NO3- → nitrite (NO2-) → NO pathway, can improve muscle speed and power in older individuals. It is not known, however, whether this effect is maintained or perhaps even enhanced with repeated ingestion, or if tolerance develops as with organic nitrates, e.g., nitroglycerin. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we therefore studied 16 community-dwelling older (age 71 ± 5 y) individuals after both acute and short-term (i.e., daily for 2 wk) BRJ supplementation. Blood samples were drawn and blood pressure was measured periodically during each ∼3 h experiment, with muscle function determined using isokinetic dynamometry. Acute ingestion of BRJ containing 18.2 ± 6.2 mmol of NO3- increased plasma NO3- and NO2- concentrations 23 ± 11 and 2.7 ± 2.1-fold over placebo, respectively. This was accompanied by 5 ± 11% and 7 ± 13% increases in maximal knee extensor speed (Vmax) and power (Pmax), respectively. After daily supplementation for 2 wk, BRJ ingestion elevated NO3- and NO2- levels 24 ± 12 and 3.3 ± 4.0-fold, respectively, whereas Vmax and Pmax were 7 ± 9% and 9 ± 11% higher than baseline. No changes were observed in blood pressure or in plasma markers of oxidative stress with either acute or short-term NO3- supplementation. We conclude that both acute and short-term dietary NO3- supplementation result in similar improvements in muscle function in older individuals. The magnitudes of these improvements are sufficient to offset the decline resulting from a decade or more of aging and are therefore likely to be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Zoughaib
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Richard L Hoffman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Brandon A Yates
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ranjani N Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA.
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Salwan R, Rana A, Saini R, Sharma A, Sharma M, Sharma V. Diversity analysis of endophytes with antimicrobial and antioxidant potential from Viola odorata: an endemic plant species of the Himalayas. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2361-2374. [PMID: 37227628 PMCID: PMC10484869 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Viola odorata, also known as "Banafshah" in high altitudes of Himalayas, is well known for its pharmaceutical importance in Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal system. The plant is a source of various drugs for its anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, antipyretic, and laxative properties. The endophytes of plants have been reported for their role in modulating various physiological and biological processes of the host plants. In the present study, a total of 244 endophytes were isolated in pure cultures from the roots of Viola odorata, and genetic diversity was evaluated using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC). The molecular fingerprinting revealed variation among various rRNA types among morphologically different endophytes based on ARDRA and ERIC-PCR. The screening of endophytes showed antimicrobial activity of 11 bacterial isolates and one actinomycete SGA9 against various pathogens Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antioxidant activity revealed the majority of the bacterial isolates able to scavenge the free radical in the range of 10-50% and 8 bacterial isolates in the range of 50-85%. Principal component analysis separated eight isolates away from the central eclipse and form a separate group based on antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The identification of these eight isolates showed affiliation with different species of the genus Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Streptomyces. This is the first report on the characterization of endophytic bacteria and actinomycetes from endemic Viola odorata. Results suggested that these endophytes could be explored for the production of antimicrobial and antioxidant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Salwan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India.
| | - Aditi Rana
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India
| | - Raj Saini
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali (PB.), 140 413, India
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Wolf SE, Shalev I. The shelterin protein expansion of telomere dynamics: Linking early life adversity, life history, and the hallmarks of aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105261. [PMID: 37268182 PMCID: PMC10527177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by functional decline occurring alongside changes to several hallmarks of aging. One of the hallmarks includes attrition of repeated DNA sequences found at the ends of chromosomes called telomeres. While telomere attrition is linked to morbidity and mortality, whether and how it causally contributes to lifelong rates of functional decline is unclear. In this review, we propose the shelterin-telomere hypothesis of life history, in which telomere-binding shelterin proteins translate telomere attrition into a range of physiological outcomes, the extent of which may be modulated by currently understudied variation in shelterin protein levels. Shelterin proteins may expand the breadth and timing of consequences of telomere attrition, e.g., by translating early life adversity into acceleration of the aging process. We consider how the pleiotropic roles of shelterin proteins provide novel insights into natural variation in physiology, life history, and lifespan. We highlight key open questions that encourage the integrative, organismal study of shelterin proteins that enhances our understanding of the contribution of the telomere system to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Wolf
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Idan Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Ooi SL, Micalos PS, Pak SC. Modified rice bran arabinoxylan as a nutraceutical in health and disease-A scoping review with bibliometric analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290314. [PMID: 37651416 PMCID: PMC10470915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a polysaccharide modified by Lentinus edodes mycelial enzyme widely used as a nutraceutical. To explore translational research on RBAC, a scoping review was conducted to synthesise research evidence from English (MEDLINE, ProQuest, CENTRAL, Emcare, CINAHL+, Web of Science), Japanese (CiNii, J-Stage), Korean (KCI, RISS, ScienceON), and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang) sources while combining bibliometrics and network analyses for data visualisation. Searches were conducted between September and October 2022. Ninety-eight articles on RBAC and the biological activities related to human health or disease were included. Research progressed with linear growth (median = 3/year) from 1998 to 2022, predominantly on Biobran MGN-3 (86.73%) and contributed by 289 authors from 100 institutions across 18 countries. Clinical studies constitute 61.1% of recent articles (2018 to 2022). Over 50% of the research was from the USA (29/98, 29.59%) and Japan (22/98, 22.45%). A shifting focus from immuno-cellular activities to human translations over the years was shown via keyword visualisation. Beneficial effects of RBAC include immunomodulation, synergistic anticancer properties, hepatoprotection, antiinflammation, and antioxidation. As an oral supplement taken as an adjuvant during chemoradiotherapy, cancer patients reported reduced side effects and improved quality of life in human studies, indicating RBAC's impact on the psycho-neuro-immune axis. RBAC has been studied in 17 conditions, including cancer, liver diseases, HIV, allergy, chronic fatigue, gastroenteritis, cold/flu, diabetes, and in healthy participants. Further translational research on the impact on patient and community health is required for the evidence-informed use of RBAC in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter S. Micalos
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales Australia
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Deng Y, He Z, Li Y, Ye M, Xiang L. Six Express Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat Primers Reveal Genetic Diversity in the Cultivars of Three Zanthoxylum Species. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7183-7196. [PMID: 37754238 PMCID: PMC10529843 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum (Sichuan pepper), with its rich cultivars, has long been widely cultivated in China for its unique seasoning and medicinal uses, but most of its cultivars have similar morphological characteristics. Therefore, we hypothesized that the genetic diversity of Zanthoxylum cultivars is low because of their apomixis and long cultivation history. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of three Zanthoxylum species on the cultivar level based on express sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) primers. In total, 121 samples of three Zanthoxylum species (Z. bungeanum, Z. armatum and Z. piperitum) were collected from different areas in China for genetic diversity analysis. A total of six specificity and polymorphism EST-SSR primers, which we selected from among 120 primers based on two transcriptomes (Z. bungeanum, Z. armatum) in our earlier study, were used to evaluate genetic diversity based on capillary electrophoresis technology. The results of our analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) indicated that most of the samples are clustered in one clade in the UPGMA dendrogram, and the average genetic distance was 0.6409. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Z. piperitum may have a closer genetic relationship with Z. bungeanum than with Z. armatum. An analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation mainly stemmed from individuals within populations; the genetic differentiation coefficient (PhiPT) was 0.429, the gene flow (Nm) between populations was 0.333, and the differences among populations were not significant (p > 0.001). For the intraspecific populations of ZB, the percentage of genetic variation was 53% among populations and 47% within populations, with non-significant differences between populations (p > 0.001). The genetic differentiation coefficient (PhiT) was 0.529, and the gene flow (Nm) was 0.223. For the intraspecific populations of ZA, the results indicated that the percentage of genetic variation was 29% among populations and 71% within populations, with non-significant differences between populations (p > 0.001); the genetic differentiation coefficient (PhiPT) was 0.293, and the gene flow (Nm) was 0.223. Through genetic structure analysis (GSA), we predicted that these 121 samples belonged to two optimal subgroups, which means that all the samples probably originated from two gene pools. Above all, this indicated that the genetic diversity of the 121 Zanthoxylum samples was relatively low at both the species and cultivar levels, a finding which was consistent with our initial assumptions. This study provides a reference, with molecular-level data, for the further identification of Zanthoxylum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchuan Deng
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhoujian He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Meng Ye
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Li Xiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
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Pereira L, Valado A. Algae-Derived Natural Products in Diabetes and Its Complications-Current Advances and Future Prospects. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1831. [PMID: 37763235 PMCID: PMC10533039 DOI: 10.3390/life13091831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Natural products and their derivatives have emerged as promising candidates for diabetes management due to their diverse compositions and pharmacological effects. Algae, in particular, have garnered attention for their potential as a source of bioactive compounds with anti-diabetic properties. This review offers a comprehensive overview of algae-derived natural products for diabetes management, highlighting recent developments and future prospects. It underscores the pivotal role of natural products in diabetes care and delves into the diversity of algae, their bioactive constituents, and underlying mechanisms of efficacy. Noteworthy algal derivatives with substantial potential are briefly elucidated, along with their specific contributions to addressing distinct aspects of diabetes. The challenges and limitations inherent in utilizing algae for therapeutic interventions are examined, accompanied by strategic recommendations for optimizing their effectiveness. By addressing these considerations, this review aims to chart a course for future research in refining algae-based approaches. Leveraging the multifaceted pharmacological activities and chemical components of algae holds significant promise in the pursuit of novel antidiabetic treatments. Through continued research and the fine-tuning of algae-based interventions, the global diabetes burden could be mitigated, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Pereira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana Valado
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal
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Ooi SL, Micalos PS, Pak SC. Modified Rice Bran Arabinoxylan by Lentinus edodes Mycelial Enzyme as an Immunoceutical for Health and Aging-A Comprehensive Literature Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6313. [PMID: 37687141 PMCID: PMC10488663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is derived from defatted rice bran enzymatically treated with Lentinus edodes mycelium. This review explores biologically active compounds and mechanisms of action that support RBAC as an immunomodulating nutraceutical in generally healthy and/or aging individuals. Thirty-seven (n = 37) primary research articles fulfilled the selection criteria for review. Most research is based on Biobran MGN-3, which consists of complex heteropolysaccharides with arabinoxylan as its primary structure while also containing galactan and glucan. RBAC was found to invoke immunological activities through direct absorption via the digestive tract and interaction with immune cells at the Peyer's patches. RBAC was shown to promote innate defence by upregulating macrophage phagocytosis and enhancing natural killer cell activity while lowering oxidative stress. Through induction of dendritic cell maturation, RBAC also augments adaptive immunity by promoting T and B lymphocyte proliferation. RBAC acts as an immunomodulator by inhibiting mast cell degranulation during allergic reactions, attenuating inflammation, and downregulating angiogenesis by modulating cytokines and growth factors. RBAC has been shown to be a safe and effective nutraceutical for improving immune health, notably in aging individuals with reduced immune function. Human clinical trials with geriatric participants have demonstrated RBAC to have prophylactic benefits against viral infection and may improve their quality of life. Further research should explore RBAC's bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of the complex heteropolysaccharides within. Translational research to assess RBAC as a nutraceutical for the aging population is still required, particularly in human studies with larger sample sizes and cohort studies with long follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia;
| | - Peter S. Micalos
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia;
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia;
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