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Funkenbusch WT, Silmore KS, Doyle PS. Dynamics of a self-interacting sheet in shear flow. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4474-4487. [PMID: 38787762 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Solution processing of 2D materials such as graphene is important for applications thereof, yet a complete fundamental understanding of how 2D materials behave dynamically in solution is lacking. Here, we extend previous work by Silmore et al., Soft Matter, 2021, 17(18), 4707-4718 by adding short-ranged Lennard-Jones interactions to 2D sheets in shear flow. We find that the addition of these interactions allows for a rich landscape of conformations which depend on the balance between shear strength, bending rigidity, and interaction strength as well as the initial configuration of the sheet. We explore this conformational space and classify sheets as flat, tumbling, 1D folded, or 2D folded based on their conformational properties. We use kinetic and energetic arguments to explain why sheets adopt certain conformations within the folded regime. Finally, we calculate the stresslet and find that, even in the absence of thermal fluctuations and multiple sheet interactions, shear-thinning followed by shear-thickening behavior can appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Funkenbusch
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, 25 Ames St, Cambridge MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Kevin S Silmore
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, 25 Ames St, Cambridge MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, 25 Ames St, Cambridge MA, 02139, USA.
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2
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Aggarwal R, Saini D, Mitra R, Sonkar SK, Sonker AK, Westman G. From Bulk Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS 2) to Suspensions of Exfoliated MoS 2 in an Aqueous Medium and Their Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9855-9872. [PMID: 38687994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials like graphene, transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), boron nitrides, etc., exhibit unique and fascinating properties, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, inherent mechanical flexibility and robustness, tunable bandgap, and high carrier mobility, which makes them an apt candidate for flexible electronics with low consumption of power. Because of these properties, they are in tremendous demand for advancement in energy, environmental, and biomedical sectors developed through various technologies. The production and scalability of these materials must be sustainable and ecofriendly to utilize these unique properties in the real world. Here, in this current review, we review molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 nanosheets) in detail, focusing on exfoliated MoS2 in water and the applicability of aqueous MoS2 suspensions in various fields. The exfoliation of MoS2 results in the formation of single or few-layered MoS2. Therefore, this Review focuses on the few layers of exfoliated MoS2 that have the additional properties of 2D layered materials and higher excellent compatibility for integration than existing conventional Si tools. Hence, a few layers of exfoliated MoS2 are widely explored in biosensing, gas sensing, catalysis, photodetectors, energy storage devices, a light-emitting diode (LED), adsorption, etc. This review covers the numerous methodologies to exfoliate MoS2, focusing on the various published methodologies to obtain nanosheets of MoS2 from water solutions and their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Richa Mitra
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
- BA5409 cellulose films and coatings, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Tietotie 4E, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Gunnar Westman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
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3
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Narayan J, Bezborah K. Recent advances in the functionalization, substitutional doping and applications of graphene/graphene composite nanomaterials. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13413-13444. [PMID: 38660531 PMCID: PMC11041312 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have emerged as advanced carbon functional materials with specialized unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. These properties have made graphene an exceptional material for a wide range of promising applications in biological and non-biological fields. The present review illustrates the structural modifications of pristine graphene resulting in a wide variety of derivatives. The significance of substitutional doping with alkali-metals, alkaline earth metals, and III-VII group elements apart from the transition metals of the periodic table is discussed. The paper reviews various chemical and physical preparation routes of graphene, its derivatives and graphene-based nanocomposites at room and elevated temperatures in various solvents. The difficulty in dispersing it in water and organic solvents make it essential to functionalize graphene and its derivatives. Recent trends and advances are discussed at length. Controlled reduction reactions in the presence of various dopants leading to nanocomposites along with suitable surfactants essential to enhance its potential applications in the semiconductor industry and biological fields are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Narayan
- Synthetic Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences & Social Sciences, (Chemistry Division) School of Technology, North Eastern Hill University Shillong 793022 Meghalaya India
| | - Kangkana Bezborah
- Synthetic Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences & Social Sciences, (Chemistry Division) School of Technology, North Eastern Hill University Shillong 793022 Meghalaya India
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4
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Verma AK, Sharma BB. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Interfacial Properties of 2D Materials for Selective Water Transport Membranes: A Critical Review. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7812-7834. [PMID: 38587122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial properties, such as wettability and friction, play critical roles in nanofluidics and desalination. Understanding the interfacial properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials is crucial in these applications due to the close interaction between liquids and the solid surface. The most important interfacial properties of a solid surface include the water contact angle, which quantifies the extent of interactions between the surface and water, and the water slip length, which determines how much faster water can flow on the surface beyond the predictions of continuum fluid mechanics. This Review seeks to elucidate the mechanism that governs the interfacial properties of diverse 2D materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2), graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Our work consolidates existing experimental and computational insights into 2D material synthesis and modeling and explores their interfacial properties for desalination. We investigated the capabilities of density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations in analyzing the interfacial properties of 2D materials. Specifically, we highlight how MD simulations have revolutionized our understanding of these properties, paving the way for their effective application in desalination. This Review of the synthesis and interfacial properties of 2D materials unlocks opportunities for further advancement and optimization in desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar Verma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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5
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He Y, Andrade AF, Ménard-Moyon C, Bianco A. Biocompatible 2D Materials via Liquid Phase Exfoliation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2310999. [PMID: 38457626 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
2D materials (2DMs), such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and black phosphorus (BP), have been proposed for different types of bioapplications, owing to their unique physicochemical, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE), as one of the most effective up-scalable and size-controllable methods, is becoming the standard process to produce high quantities of various 2DM types as it can benefit from the use of green and biocompatible conditions. The resulting exfoliated layered materials have garnered significant attention because of their biocompatibility and their potential use in biomedicine as new multimodal therapeutics, antimicrobials, and biosensors. This review focuses on the production of LPE-assisted 2DMs in aqueous solutions with or without the aid of surfactants, bioactive, or non-natural molecules, providing insights into the possibilities of applications of such materials in the biological and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin He
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Andrés Felipe Andrade
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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6
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Eddy L, Luong DX, Beckham JL, Wyss KM, Cooksey TJ, Scotland P, Choi CH, Chen W, Advincula PA, Zhang Z, Mancevski V, Kittrell C, Han Y, Tour JM. Automated Laboratory Kilogram-Scale Graphene Production from Coal. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301144. [PMID: 38009769 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The flash Joule heating (FJH) method converts many carbon feedstocks into graphene in milliseconds to seconds using an electrical pulse. This opens an opportunity for processing low or negative value resources, such as coal and plastic waste, into high value graphene. Here, a lab-scale automation FJH system that allows the synthesis of 1.1 kg of turbostratic flash graphene from coal-based metallurgical coke (MC) in 1.5 h is demonstrated. The process is based on the automated conversion of 5.7 g of MC per batch using an electrical pulse width modulation system to conduct the bottom-up upcycle of MC into flash graphene. This study then compare this method to two other scalable graphene synthesis techniques by both a life cycle assessment and a technoeconomic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Eddy
- Applied Physics Graduate Program and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Duy Xuan Luong
- Applied Physics Graduate Program and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Universal Matter Inc., Houston, 900 S Loop W Suite 175, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Jacob L Beckham
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Kevin M Wyss
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Tyler J Cooksey
- Universal Matter Inc., Houston, 900 S Loop W Suite 175, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Phelecia Scotland
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Chi Hun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Weiyin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Paul A Advincula
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Universal Matter Inc., Houston, 900 S Loop W Suite 175, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Vladimir Mancevski
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Carter Kittrell
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yimo Han
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- The NanoCarbon Center and The Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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7
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Akeredolu B, Ahemen I, Amah A, Onojah A, Shakya J, Gayathri H, Ghosh A. Improved liquid phase exfoliation technique for the fabrication of MoS 2/graphene heterostructure-based photodetector. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24964. [PMID: 38322969 PMCID: PMC10845704 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
2D nanosheets produced using liquid phase exfoliation method offers scalable and cost effective routes to optoelectronics devices. But this technique sometimes yields high defect, low stability, and compromised electronic properties. In this work, we employed an innovative approach that improved the existing liquid phase exfoliation method for fabricating MoS2/graphene heterostructure-based photodetector with enhanced optoelectronic properties. This technique involves hydrothermally treating MoS2 before dispersing it in a carefully chosen and environmentally friendly IPA/water solvent for ultrasonication exfoliation through an optomechanical approach. Thereafter, heterostructure nanosheets of MoS2 and graphene were formed through sequential deposition technique for the fabrication of vertical heterojunctions. Furthermore, we achieved a vertically stacked MoS2/graphene photodetector and a bare MoS2 photodetector. The MoS2/graphene hybrid nanosheets were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The results obtained show the size of the nanosheets is between 350 and 500 nm on average, and their thickness is less than or equal to 5 nm, and high crystallinity in the 2H semiconducting phase. The photocurrent, photoresponsivity, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and specific detectivity of MoS2/graphene heterostructure at 4 V bias voltage and 650 nm illumination wavelength were 3.55 μA, 39.44 mA/W, 7.54 %, and 2.02 × 1010 Jones, respectively, and that of MoS2 photodetector are 0.55 μA, 6.11 mA/W, 1.16 %, and 3.4 × 109 Jones. The results presented indicate that the photoresponse performances of the as-prepared MoS2/graphene were greatly improved (about 7-fold) compared to the photoresponse of the sole MoS2. Again, the MoS2/graphene heterostructure fabricated in this work show better optoelectronic characteristics as compared to the similar heterostructure prepared using the conventional solution processed method. The results provide a modest, inexpensive, and efficient method to fabricate heterojunctions with improved optoelectronic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.J. Akeredolu
- Department of Physics Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics Federal University, Wukari, P.M.B 1020, Nigeria
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - I. Ahemen
- Department of Physics Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Nigeria
| | - A.N. Amah
- Department of Physics Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Nigeria
| | - A.D. Onojah
- Department of Physics Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Nigeria
| | - Jyoti Shakya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - H.N. Gayathri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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8
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Sharifulden NSAN, Barrios Silva LV, Nair SP, Abdullah AAA, Noor SNFM, Sulu M, Nguyen LTB, Chau DYS. The Development and Characterisation of a P(3HB- co-4HB)-Bioactive Glass-Graphene Hydrogel as a Potential Formulation for Biomedical and Therapeutical Translation. Gels 2024; 10:85. [PMID: 38275859 PMCID: PMC10815745 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of wounds is known to be a significant challenge: not only does the dressing need to ensure and provide the appropriate barrier and healing characteristics, but consideration of patient compliance concerning comfort, functionality, and practicality also needs to be included. The poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxubutyrate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)) copolymer, isolated from Cupriavidus malaysiensis USM1020 (C. malaysiensis USM1020), was produced in the presence of excess carbon sources (1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol) using either a shake flask cultivation process or a bioreactor fermentation system. P(3HB-co-4HB) is widely known to be biodegradable and highly biocompatible and contains a tuneable 4HB monomer molar fraction, which is known to affect the final physicochemical properties of the intracellular copolymer. In this paper, we describe not only the fabrication of the polymeric gel but also its optimised profiling using a range of physical and mechanical techniques, i.e., SEM, FTIR, DMA, DSC, and WCA. The further enhancement of the gel through additional functionalisation with sol-gel-derived bioactive glass and liquid-exfoliated graphene was also investigated. The biocompatibility and biological characterisation of the substrates was assessed using murine osteoblasts (MC3T3), human primary dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), human fibroblast (BJ) cells, and standard cell culture assays (i.e., metabolic activity, LDH release, and live/dead staining). In short, P(3HB-co-4HB) was successfully isolated from the bacteria, with the defined physico-chemical profiles dependent on the culture substrate and culturing platform used. The additional enhancement of the copolymer with bioactive glass and/or graphene was also demonstrated by varying the combination loading of the materials, i.e., graphene resulted in an increase in tensile strength (~11 MPa) and the wettability increased following the incorporation of bioactive glass and 0.01 wt% graphene (WCA ~46.3°). No detrimental effects in terms of biocompatibility were noticed during the 7 days of culture in the primary and established cell lines. This study demonstrates the importance of optimising each of the individual components within the biocomposite and their relationship concerning the fine-tuning of the material's properties, thus targeting and impacting the endpoint application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik S. A. N. Sharifulden
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (N.S.A.N.S.); (L.V.B.S.)
| | - Lady V. Barrios Silva
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (N.S.A.N.S.); (L.V.B.S.)
| | - Sean P. Nair
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | | | - Siti N. F. M. Noor
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Michael Sulu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Linh T. B. Nguyen
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (N.S.A.N.S.); (L.V.B.S.)
| | - David Y. S. Chau
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (N.S.A.N.S.); (L.V.B.S.)
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9
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Liu Z, Panja D, Barkema GT. Domain Growth in Polycrystalline Graphene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3127. [PMID: 38133024 PMCID: PMC10745787 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon allotrope which exhibits exceptional properties, making it highly suitable for a wide range of applications. Practical graphene fabrication often yields a polycrystalline structure with many inherent defects, which significantly influence its performance. In this study, we utilize a Monte Carlo approach based on the optimized Wooten, Winer and Weaire (WWW) algorithm to simulate the crystalline domain coarsening process of polycrystalline graphene. Our sample configurations show excellent agreement with experimental data. We conduct statistical analyses of the bond and angle distribution, temporal evolution of the defect distribution, and spatial correlation of the lattice orientation that follows a stretched exponential distribution. Furthermore, we thoroughly investigate the diffusion behavior of defects and find that the changes in domain size follow a power-law distribution. We briefly discuss the possible connections of these results to (and differences from) domain growth processes in other statistical models, such as the Ising dynamics. We also examine the impact of buckling of polycrystalline graphene on the crystallization rate under substrate effects. Our findings may offer valuable guidance and insights for both theoretical investigations and experimental advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerard T. Barkema
- Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands; (Z.L.)
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10
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Mittal H, Raza M, Khanuja M. Liquid phase exfoliation of MoSe 2: Effect of solvent on morphology, edge confinement, bandgap and number of layers study. MethodsX 2023; 11:102409. [PMID: 37928106 PMCID: PMC10622839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a facile and scalable method for synthesizing MoSe2 nanomaterial via a sonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method is proposed. This study shows the successful synthesis of few-layered MoSe2 in various solvents including DI water, ethanol, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), Dimethylformamide (DMF) and Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The exfoliated nanosheets have remarkably different properties than bulk MoSe2 which were studied using Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and UV-Vis spectroscopy to investigate their morphology, functional groups, structure and optical properties, respectively. The mean values of the number of layers from an optical extinction spectrum based on the effect of edge and quantum confinement were also calculated. Moreover, the exfoliated material using this method has potential application in energy storage as demonstrated by the electrochemical performance of the bulk and exfoliated materials.•Successful synthesis of the few-layer MoSe2 from bulk MoSe2 using liquid phase exfoliation method in various solvents•The investigation of the effect of solvent on the number of layers and optical properties of MoSe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honey Mittal
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Maryam Raza
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Manika Khanuja
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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11
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Thummavichai K, Nguyen THQ, Longo G, Qiang D, Zoppi G, Schlettwein D, Maiello P, Fleck N, Wang N, Zhu Y. Effect of metal dopants on the electrochromic performance of hydrothermally-prepared tungsten oxide materials. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35457-35467. [PMID: 38115985 PMCID: PMC10728781 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06018g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) glass has the potential to significantly improve energy efficiency in buildings by controlling the amount of light and heat that the building exchanges with its exterior. However, the development of EC materials is still hindered by key challenges such as slow switching time, low coloration efficiency, short cycling lifetime, and material degradation. Metal doping is a promising technique to enhance the performance of metal oxide-based EC materials, where adding a small amount of metal into the host material can lead to lattice distortion, a variation of oxygen vacancies, and a shorter ion transfer path during the insertion and de-insertion process. In this study, we investigated the effects of niobium, gadolinium, and erbium doping on tungsten oxide using a single-step solvothermal technique. Our results demonstrate that both insertion and de-insertion current density of a doped sample can be significantly enhanced by metal elements, with an improvement of about 5, 4 and 3.5 times for niobium, gadolinium and erbium doped tungsten oxide, respectively compared to a pure tungsten oxide sample. Moreover, the colouration efficiency increased by 16, 9 and 24% when doping with niobium, gadolinium and erbium, respectively. These findings suggest that metal doping is a promising technique for improving the performance of EC materials and can pave the way for the development of more efficient EC glass for building applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyapat Thummavichai
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle UK
| | - Thi Hai Quyen Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig University 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Giulia Longo
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle UK
| | - Dayuan Qiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey GU2 7XH Surrey UK
| | - Guillaume Zoppi
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle UK
| | - Derck Schlettwein
- Institute of Applied Physics, Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig University 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Pietro Maiello
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle UK
| | - Nicole Fleck
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle UK
| | - Nannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University 530004 Nanning China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter EX4 4QF Exeter UK
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12
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Mohammedture M, Rajput N, Perez-Jimenez AI, Matouk Z, AlZadjali S, Gutierrez M. Impact of probe sonication and sulfuric acid pretreatment on graphene exfoliation in water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18523. [PMID: 37898662 PMCID: PMC10613256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a 2D material with promising commercial applications due to its physicochemical properties. Producing high-quality graphene economically and at large scales is currently of great interest and demand. Here, the potential of producing high-quality graphene at a large scale via water-phase exfoliation methods is investigated. By altering exfoliation parameters, the production yield of graphene and flake size are evaluated. Pretreatment of the precursor graphite powder using acidic solutions of H2SO4 at different concentrations is found to increase further the yield and structural quality of the exfoliated graphene flakes. These findings are confirmed through various spectroscopy and surface characterization techniques. Controlling flake size, thickness, and yield are demonstrated via optimization of the sonication process, centrifuge time, and H2SO4 pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Mohammedture
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Nitul Rajput
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ana Isabel Perez-Jimenez
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Zineb Matouk
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Shroq AlZadjali
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Monserrat Gutierrez
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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13
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Mitrović A, Milovanović J, Gurgul J, Žekić A, Nikodinović-Runić J, Maslak V. Enzymatic functionalization of liquid phase exfoliated graphene using horseradish peroxidase and laccase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 170:110293. [PMID: 37523883 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach for the enzymatic functionalization of graphene, utilizing horseradish peroxidase (HPO) and laccase (LC) from Trametes versicolor. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the covalent modification of non-homogeneous graphene with a low surface-to-volume ratio, both in solution and on solid support. Through thermogravimetry analysis, we estimate the degree of functionalization to be 11% with HPO and 4% with LC, attributed to the varying redox potentials of the enzymes. This work highlights the potential of enzymatic reactions for tailored functionalization of graphene under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mitrović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, P. O. B. 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Milovanović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jacek Gurgul
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrijana Žekić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nikodinović-Runić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veselin Maslak
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, P. O. B. 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Liu Y, Wen Z, Huang Z, Wang Y, Chen Z, Lai S, Chen S, Zhou Y. Liquid Phase Graphene Exfoliation with a Vibration-Based Acoustofluidic Effector. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1718. [PMID: 37763883 PMCID: PMC10534619 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) has emerged as a promising method for the industrial-scale production of graphene. However, one of its critical steps, namely sonication, has faced challenges due to high power consumption and low efficiency, leading to limited applicability in industrial settings. This study introduces a novel, cost-effective microfluidic sonication device designed to significantly reduce power consumption while efficiently assisting the LPE process for graphene production. By coupling a capillary with a buzzer and applying an appropriate electric signal, simulation and particle tracing experiments reveal the generation of robust shear forces resulting from acoustic streaming and cavitation when the capillary end is immersed in the liquid. For the first time, the capillary-based sonication device was effectively utilized for graphene exfoliation in a DMF (N,N-Dimethylformamide) + NaOH liquid phase system. The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and Raman characterization results corroborate the successful exfoliation of 100 nm with thicknesses below 10 nm graphene sheets from graphite flakes using this pioneering device. The values of I2D/IG increase after processing, which suggests the exfoliation of graphite flakes into thinner graphene sheets. The vibration-based acoustofluidic effector represents a versatile and scalable miniature device, capable of being employed individually for small-batch production, thereby optimizing the utilization of raw 2D materials, particularly in experimental scenarios. Alternatively, it holds the potential for large-scale manufacturing through extensive parallelization, offering distinct advantages in terms of cost-efficiency and minimal power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yinning Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.C.); (S.L.); (S.C.)
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15
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Adam J, Singh M, Abduvakhidov A, Del Sorbo MR, Feoli C, Hussain F, Kaur J, Mirabella A, Rossi M, Sasso A, Valadan M, Varra M, Rusciano G, Altucci C. The Effectiveness of Cyrene as a Solvent in Exfoliating 2D TMDs Nanosheets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10450. [PMID: 37445624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of environmentally friendly solvents has become an essential research topic in sustainable chemistry and nanomaterial science. With the need to substitute toxic solvents in nanofabrication processes becoming more pressing, the search for alternative solvents has taken on a crucial role in this field. Additionally, the use of toxic, non-economical organic solvents, such as N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone and dimethylformamide, is not suitable for all biomedical applications, even though these solvents are often considered as the best exfoliating agents for nanomaterial fabrication. In this context, the success of producing two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs), such as MoS2 and WS2, with excellent captivating properties is due to the ease of synthesis based on environment-friendly, benign methods with fewer toxic chemicals involved. Herein, we report for the first time on the use of cyrene as an exfoliating agent to fabricate monolayer and few-layered 2D TMDs with a versatile, less time-consuming liquid-phase exfoliation technique. This bio-derived, aprotic, green and eco-friendly solvent produced a stable, surfactant-free, concentrated 2D TMD dispersion with very interesting features, as characterized by UV-visible and Raman spectroscopies. The surface charge and morphology of the fabricated nanoflakes were analyzed using ς-potential and scanning electron microscopy. The study demonstrates that cyrene is a promising green solvent for the exfoliation of 2D TMD nanosheets with potential advantages over traditional organic solvents. The ability to produce smaller-sized-especially in the case of WS2 as compared to MoS2-and mono/few-layered nanostructures with higher negative surface charge values makes cyrene a promising candidate for various biomedical and electronic applications. Overall, the study contributes to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for the production of 2D nanomaterials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Adam
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Manjot Singh
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
- Italy National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Naples Section, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Del Sorbo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Feoli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fida Hussain
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Jasneet Kaur
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Mirabella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Rossi
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
- Istituto di Cristallografia-CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Sasso
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mohammadhassan Valadan
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
- Italy National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Naples Section, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Varra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Rusciano
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Altucci
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
- Italy National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Naples Section, 80126 Naples, Italy
- ISASI-CNR, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", 80078 Naples, Italy
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16
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Long-term stable solid concentrated graphene dispersion assisted by a highly aromatic ionic liquid. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:668-676. [PMID: 36680957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The sonochemical exfoliation of graphite in solution has been demonstrated as a promising and easy technique for producing graphene dispersions. This is usually done in organic solvents and leads to unstable dispersions with very low graphene concentration. Ionic liquids (ILs) represent a versatile and safe alternative to traditional organic solvents. A few recent studies reported the use of commercial ILs with bulky anions, such as bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and aromatic cations, such as imidazolium, which favour the exfoliation of graphite through π-π and cation-π interactions. Although recently investigated, the role of aromatic groups on imidazolium cations is still controversial and systematic studies are still necessary. Besides, these studies were limited to liquid dispersions at room temperature. EXPERIMENTS Herein, we prepared four highly aromatic imidazolium-based ILs, including the newly reported 1-(naphthylmethyl)-3-benzylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [(Np)(Bn)im][NTf2]. These ILs were used for the sonochemical exfoliation of graphite and compared with a commercial benchmark, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Bmim][NTf2]. FINDINGS Interestingly, [(Np)(Bn)im][NTf2] allowed reaching solid dispersions at room temperature containing thin few layer graphene sheets with long-term stability (up to 2 years) and high concentration (3.6 mg/mL). Such graphene dispersion combines long-term stability in the solid-state and high processability in the liquid state, by a simple heating above 60 °C.
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17
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Papanikolaou E, Simos YV, Spyrou K, Patila M, Alatzoglou C, Tsamis K, Vezyraki P, Stamatis H, Gournis DP, Peschos D, Dounousi E. Does Green Exfoliation of Graphene Produce More Biocompatible Structures? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030993. [PMID: 36986854 PMCID: PMC10051938 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene has been studied thoroughly for its use in biomedical applications over the last decades. A crucial factor for a material to be used in such applications is its biocompatibility. Various factors affect the biocompatibility and toxicity of graphene structures, including lateral size, number of layers, surface functionalization, and way of production. In this work, we tested that the green production of few-layer bio-graphene (bG) enhances its biocompatibility compared to chemical-graphene (cG). When tested against three different cell lines in terms of MTT assays, both materials proved to be well-tolerated at a wide range of doses. However, high doses of cG induce long-term toxicity and have a tendency for apoptosis. Neither bG nor cG induced ROS generation or cell cycle modifications. Finally, both materials affect the expression of inflammatory proteins such as Nrf2, NF-kB and HO-1 but further research is required for a safe result. In conclusion, although there is little to choose between bG and cG, bG's sustainable way of production makes it a much more attractive and promising candidate for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Papanikolaou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis V Simos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Alatzoglou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Patra Vezyraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Gournis
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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18
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Guzzetta F, Jellett CW, Azadmanjiri J, Roy PK, Ashtiani S, Friess K, Sofer Z. A New, Thorough Look on Unusual and Neglected Group III-VI Compounds Toward Novel Perusals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206430. [PMID: 36642833 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The attention on group III-VI compounds in the last decades has been centered on the optoelectronic properties of indium and gallium chalcogenides. These outstanding properties are leading to novel advancements in terms of fundamental and applied science. One of the advantages of these compounds is to present laminated structures, which can be exfoliated down to monolayers. Despite the large knowledge gathered toward indium and gallium chalcogenides, the family of the group III-VI compounds embraces several other noncommon compounds formed by the other group III elements. These compounds present various crystal lattices, among which a great deal is offered from layered structures. Studies on aluminium chalcogenides show interesting potential as anodes in batteries and as semiconductors. Thallium (Tl), which is commonly present in the +1 oxidation state, is one of the key components in ternary chalcogenides. However, binary Tl-Q (Q = S, Se, Te) systems and derived films are still studied for their semiconducting and thermoelectric properties. This review aims to summarize the biggest features of these unusual materials and to shed some new light on them with the perspective that in the future, novel studies can revive these compounds in order to give rise to a new generation of technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Guzzetta
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Cameron W Jellett
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jalal Azadmanjiri
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Pradip Kumar Roy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Saeed Ashtiani
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Friess
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
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19
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Dieng M, Sankar S, Ni P, Florea I, Alpuim P, Capasso A, Yassar A, Bouanis FZ. Solution-Processed Functionalized Graphene Film Prepared by Vacuum Filtration for Flexible NO 2 Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1831. [PMID: 36850429 PMCID: PMC9965048 DOI: 10.3390/s23041831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale production of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) has led to the availability of solution-processable GNSs on the commercial scale. The controlled vacuum filtration method is a scalable process for the preparation of wafer-scale films of GNSs, which can be used for gas sensing applications. Here, we demonstrate the use of this deposition method to produce functional gas sensors, using a chemiresistor structure from GNS solution-based techniques. The GNS suspension was prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) and transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The effect of non-covalent functionalization with Co-porphyrin and Fe-phthalocyanines on the sensor properties was studied. The pristine and functionalized GNS films were characterized using different techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrical characterizations. The morphological and spectroscopic analyses both confirm that the molecules (Co-porphyrin and Fe-phthalocyanine) were successfully adsorbed onto the GNSs surface through π-π interactions. The chemiresistive sensor response of functionalized GNSs toward the low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (0.5-2 ppm) was studied and compared with those of the film of pristine GNSs. The tests on the sensing performance clearly showed sensitivity to a low concentration of NO2 (5 ppm). Furthermore, the chemical modification of GNSs significantly improves NO2 sensing performance compared to the pristine GNSs. The sensor response can be modulated by the type of adsorbed molecules. Indeed, Co-Por exhibited negative responsiveness (the response of Co-Por-GNS sensors and pristine GNS devices was 13.1% and 15.6%, respectively, after exposure to 0.5 ppm of NO2). Meanwhile, Fe-Phc-GNSs induced the opposite behavior resulting in an increase in the sensor response (the sensitivity was 8.3% and 7.8% of Fe-Phc-GNSs and pristine GNSs, respectively, at 0.5 ppm NO2 gas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbaye Dieng
- COSYS-IMSE, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Siva Sankar
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pingping Ni
- COSYS-IMSE, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ileana Florea
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pedro Alpuim
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Andrea Capasso
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fatima Zahra Bouanis
- COSYS-IMSE, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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20
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The Quest for Green Solvents for the Sustainable Production of Nanosheets of Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials, a Key Issue in the Roadmap for the Ecology Transition in the Flatland. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031484. [PMID: 36771151 PMCID: PMC9919378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials has had a ground-breaking impact on science and technology. To exploit in technology their unique thickness-dependent physicochemical properties, the large-scale production of 2D materials is mandatory, but it represents an open challenge still due to various pitfalls and severe limitations including the toxicity of state-of-the-art solvents. Thus, liquid-phase exfoliation based on green and bioderived solvents represents an ideal methodology for massive production. This is particularly crucial for introducing 2D materials in technological applications such as the production of drinking water and agri-food industrial processes. Here, we assessed the production of 2D nanosheets (specifically, graphene, WS2, MoS2) with liquid-phase exfoliation assisted by eco-friendly solvents, with a comparative evaluation of green solvents in terms of the yield and, moreover, the aspect ratio, defectivity, and crystalline quality of the produced nanosheets. In particular, we focus on the most promising green solvents in terms of the yield and the crystalline quality of the produced nanosheets: Polarclean, Iris, and Cyrene, which were compared with acetone/water mixtures, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), triethanolamine (TEA), aqueous solutions of urea, and an ethanol/water mixture as well as two toxic solvents largely used for the production of 2D nanosheets: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Remarkably, the density of defects was particularly low in the liquid-phase exfoliation with Polarclean, as indicated by the Raman spectrum of graphene, with the I(D)/I(G) ratio below 0.1. Furthermore, Polarclean and Iris also enable ink-jet printing with functional inks of 2D materials based on green solvents due to their low dynamic viscosity at room temperature.
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21
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Innovations in the synthesis of graphene nanostructures for bio and gas sensors. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213234. [PMID: 36502548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sensors play a significant role in modern technologies and devices used in industries, hospitals, healthcare, nanotechnology, astronomy, and meteorology. Sensors based upon nanostructured materials have gained special attention due to their high sensitivity, precision accuracy, and feasibility. This review discusses the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors, which have highly efficient performance. Significant developments in the synthesis routes to fabricate graphene-based materials with improved structural and surface properties have boosted their utilization in sensing applications. The higher surface area, better conductivity, tunable structure, and atom-thick morphology of these hybrid materials have made them highly desirable for the fabrication of flexible and stable sensors. Many publications have reported various modification approaches to improve the selectivity of these materials. In the current work, a compact and informative review focusing on the most recent developments in graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors has been designed and delivered. The research community has provided a complete critical analysis of the most robust case studies from the latest fabrication routes to the most complex challenges. Some significant ideas and solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations regarding the field of biosensors and hazardous gas sensors.
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22
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Gkika DA, Karmali V, Lambropoulou DA, Mitropoulos AC, Kyzas GZ. Membranes Coated with Graphene-Based Materials: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:127. [PMID: 36837630 PMCID: PMC9965639 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a popular material with outstanding properties due to its single layer. Graphene and its oxide have been put to the test as nano-sized building components for separation membranes with distinctive structures and adjustable physicochemical attributes. Graphene-based membranes have exhibited excellent water and gas purification abilities, which have garnered the spotlight over the past decade. This work aims to examine the most recent science and engineering cutting-edge advances of graphene-based membranes in regard to design, production and use. Additional effort will be directed towards the breakthroughs in synthesizing graphene and its composites to create various forms of membranes, such as nanoporous layers, laminates and graphene-based compounds. Their efficiency in separating and decontaminating water via different techniques such as cross-linking, layer by layer and coating will also be explored. This review intends to offer comprehensive, up-to-date information that will be useful to scientists of multiple disciplines interested in graphene-based membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina A. Gkika
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karmali
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
- School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
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23
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Lavi A, Pyrikov M, Ohayon-Lavi A, Tadmor R, Shachar-Michaely G, Leibovitch Y, Ruse E, Vradman L, Regev O. Total exfoliation of graphite in molten salts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2618-2628. [PMID: 36602270 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The exfoliation of graphite to graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) in a molten salt medium is investigated in this study. It is shown that this mechanical force-free process yielded a large-sized GnP product (>15 microns) with a low defect density. The effect of the surface tension of the molten salt on graphite exfoliation efficiency was investigated for a series of alkali chloride salts (CsCl, KCl, NaCl and eutectic NaCl-KCl) at 850 °C. It was demonstrated that the produced GnP could be completely and easily separated from the salt. Molten salt with the lowest value of surface tension (CsCl) displayed the highest wettability of the graphitic layers and hence facilitated total exfoliation of the graphite to GnP. The exfoliation of graphite in molten salts is applicable in the thermal energy storage field, as well as in exfoliation of other layered materials. Herein, it is demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the GnP-CsCl composite is enhanced by ∼300% compared to the neat salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Lavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel. .,Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, P.O.B. 9001, Beer-Sheva, 84190, Israel.
| | - Michael Pyrikov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
| | - Avia Ohayon-Lavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
| | - Rafael Tadmor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Gal Shachar-Michaely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
| | - Yelena Leibovitch
- Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, P.O.B. 9001, Beer-Sheva, 84190, Israel.
| | - Efrat Ruse
- Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, P.O.B. 9001, Beer-Sheva, 84190, Israel.
| | - Leonid Vradman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel. .,Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, P.O.B. 9001, Beer-Sheva, 84190, Israel.
| | - Oren Regev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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24
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Ng KL, Maciejewska BM, Qin L, Johnston C, Barrio J, Titirici MM, Tzanakis I, Eskin DG, Porfyrakis K, Mi J, Grobert N. Direct Evidence of the Exfoliation Efficiency and Graphene Dispersibility of Green Solvents toward Sustainable Graphene Production. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:58-66. [PMID: 36643002 PMCID: PMC9832534 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a sustainable production of pristine high-quality graphene and other layered materials at a low cost is one of the bottlenecks that needs to be overcome for reaching 2D material applications at a large scale. Liquid phase exfoliation in conjunction with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is recognized as the most efficient method for both the exfoliation and dispersion of graphene. Unfortunately, NMP is neither sustainable nor suitable for up-scaling production due to its adverse impact on the environment. Here, we show the real potential of green solvents by revealing the independent contributions of their exfoliation efficiency and graphene dispersibility to the graphene yield. By experimentally separating these two factors, we demonstrate that the exfoliation efficiency of a given solvent is independent of its dispersibility. Our studies revealed that isopropanol can be used to exfoliate graphite as efficiently as NMP. Our finding is corroborated by the matching ratio between the polar and dispersive energies of graphite and that of the solvent surface tension. This direct evidence of exfoliation efficiency and dispersibility of solvents paves the way to developing a deeper understanding of the real potential of sustainable graphene manufacturing at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Ng
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3 PH, U.K.
| | | | - Ling Qin
- Department
of Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, HullHU6 7RX, U.K.
| | - Colin Johnston
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3 PH, U.K.
| | - Jesus Barrio
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Iakovos Tzanakis
- School
of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, College Cl, Wheatley, OxfordOX33 1HX, U.K.
| | - Dmitry G Eskin
- Brunel
Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, UxbridgeUB8 3PH, U.K.
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Faculty of
Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, KentME4 4TB, U.K.
| | - Jiawei Mi
- Department
of Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, HullHU6 7RX, U.K.
| | - Nicole Grobert
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3 PH, U.K.
- Williams
Advanced Engineering, Grove, OxfordshireOX12
0DQ, U.K.
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25
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Nanoarchitectured assembly and surface of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Hedau B, Kang BC, Ha TJ. Enhanced Triboelectric Effects of Self-Poled MoS 2-Embedded PVDF Hybrid Nanocomposite Films for Bar-Printed Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18355-18365. [PMID: 36040188 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-poled molybdenum disulfide embedded polyvinylidene fluoride (MoS2@PVDF) hybrid nanocomposite films fabricated by a bar-printing process are demonstrated to improve the output performances of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Comparative analyses of MoS2@PVDF films with different MoS2 concentrations and the synergic effect based on postannealing at different temperatures were examined to increase the triboelectric open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current (∼200 V and ∼11.8 μA, respectively). A further comprehensive study of the structural and electrical changes that occur on the surfaces of the proposed hybrid nanocomposite films revealed that both MoS2 incorporation into PVDF and postannealing can individually promote the formation of the β-crystal phase and generate polarity in the PVDF. In addition, MoS2, which provides triboelectric trap states, was found to play a significant role in improving the charge capture capacity of the nanocomposite film and increasing the potential difference between two electrodes of TENGs. The produced electrical energy of the developed wearable TENGs with excellent operational stability for a long duration was utilized to power a variety of mobile smart gadgets in addition to low-power electronic devices. We believe that this study can provide a simple and effective approach to improving the energy-harvesting capabilities of wearable TENGs based on hybrid nanocomposite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Hedau
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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27
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Abbas Q, Shinde PA, Abdelkareem MA, Alami AH, Mirzaeian M, Yadav A, Olabi AG. Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7804. [PMID: 36363396 PMCID: PMC9658785 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is fundamentally a two-dimensional material with extraordinary optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. It has a versatile surface chemistry and large surface area. It is a carbon nanomaterial, which comprises sp2 hybridized carbon atoms placed in a hexagonal lattice with one-atom thickness, giving it a two-dimensional structure. A large number of synthesis techniques including epitaxial growth, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and chemical vapor deposition are used for the synthesis of graphene. Graphene prepared using different techniques can have a number of benefits and deficiencies depending on its application. This study provides a summary of graphene preparation techniques and critically assesses the use of graphene, its derivates, and composites in environmental applications. These applications include the use of graphene as membrane material for the detoxication and purification of water, active material for gas sensing, heavy metal ions detection, and CO2 conversion. Furthermore, a trend analysis of both synthesis techniques and environmental applications of graphene has been performed by extracting and analyzing Scopus data from the past ten years. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided to address the residual challenges related to the synthesis of the material and its use for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaisar Abbas
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- School of Engineering, Computing & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Pragati A. Shinde
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Abdul Hai Alami
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mojtaba Mirzaeian
- School of Engineering, Computing & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Arti Yadav
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Abdul Ghani Olabi
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Mechanical Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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28
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Kaur A, Morton JA, Tyurnina AV, Priyadarshi A, Holland A, Mi J, Porfyrakis K, Eskin DG, Tzanakis I. Temperature as a key parameter for graphene sono-exfoliation in water. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106187. [PMID: 36198250 PMCID: PMC9530948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene dispersions in water are highly desirable for a range of applications such as biomedicines, separation membranes, coatings, inkjet printing and more. Recent novel research has been focussed on developing a green approach for scalable production of graphene. However, one important parameter, which is often neglected is the bulk temperature of the processing liquid. This paper follows our earlier work where optimal sono-exfoliation parameters of graphite in aqueous solutions were determined based on the measured acoustic pressure fields at various temperatures and input powers. Here, we take the next step forward and demonstrate using systematic characterisation techniques and acoustic pressure measurements that sonication-assisted liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite powder can indeed produce high quality few layer graphene flakes in pure water at a specific temperature, i.e. 40 °C, and at an optimised input generator power of 50%, within 2-h of processing. UV-vis analysis also revealed that the exfoliation, stability and uniformity of dispersions were improved with increasing temperature. We further confirmed the successful exfoliation of graphene sheets with minimal level of defects in the optimized sample with the help of Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This study demonstrated that understanding and controlling processing temperature is one of the key parameters for graphene exfoliation in water which offers a potential pathway for its large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Kaur
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, College Cl, Wheatley, Oxford OX33 1HX, UK
| | - Justin A Morton
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, College Cl, Wheatley, Oxford OX33 1HX, UK
| | - Anastasia V Tyurnina
- Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Abhinav Priyadarshi
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, College Cl, Wheatley, Oxford OX33 1HX, UK
| | - Adam Holland
- Kyoto Cl, Moulton Park Industrial Estate, Moulton Park, Northampton NN3 6FL, UK
| | - Jiawei Mi
- Department of Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Dmitry G Eskin
- Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Iakovos Tzanakis
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, College Cl, Wheatley, Oxford OX33 1HX, UK; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
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29
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Batool S, Idrees M, Han S, Zhou Y. 2D Layers of Group VA Semiconductors: Fundamental Properties and Potential Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2203956. [PMID: 36285813 PMCID: PMC9811453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Members of the 2D group VA semiconductors (phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthine) present a new class of 2D materials, which are recently gaining a lot of research interest. These materials possess layered morphology, tunable direct bandgap, high charge carrier mobility, high stability, unique in-plane anisotropy, and negative Poisson's ratio. They prepare the ground for novel and multifunctional applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and batteries. The most recent analytical and empirical developments in the fundamental characteristics, fabrication techniques, and potential implementation of 2D group VA materials in this review, along with presenting insights and concerns for the field's future are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Batool
- Institute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Additive Manufacturing InstituteCollege of Mechatronics and Control EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Su‐Ting Han
- College of Electronics Science & TechnologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
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30
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Goldie S, Degiacomi MT, Jiang S, Clark SJ, Erastova V, Coleman KS. Identification of Graphene Dispersion Agents through Molecular Fingerprints. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16109-16117. [PMID: 36166830 PMCID: PMC9620402 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The scalable production and dispersion of 2D materials, like graphene, is critical to enable their use in commercial applications. While liquid exfoliation is commonly used, solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) are toxic and difficult to scale up. However, the search for alternative solvents is hindered by the intimidating size of the chemical space. Here, we present a computational pipeline informing the identification of effective exfoliation agents. Classical molecular dynamics simulations provide statistical sampling of interactions, enabling the identification of key molecular descriptors for a successful solvent. The statistically representative configurations from these simulations, studied with quantum mechanical calculations, allow us to gain insights onto the chemophysical interactions at the surface-solvent interface. As an exemplar, through this pipeline we identify a potential graphene exfoliation agent 2-pyrrolidone and experimentally demonstrate it to be as effective as NMP. Our workflow can be generalized to any 2D material and solvent system, enabling the screening of a wide range of compounds and solvents to identify safer and cheaper means of producing dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart
J. Goldie
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Matteo T. Degiacomi
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Stewart J. Clark
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Valentina Erastova
- School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karl S. Coleman
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
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31
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Hybrid based on graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes obtained in a single‐step approach and its reinforcement effect in an epoxy matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Sunwoo H, Choi W. Tunable, stable, and reversible n-type doping of MoS 2via thermal treatment in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:50LT01. [PMID: 36137437 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a highly stable and reversible n-type doping of monolayer MoS2using thermal treatment in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements as well as the device performance of the MoS2transistors suggested a stronger n-type doping effect with increasing time and temperature of the thermal treatment in NMP. Within the given time (5-60 min) and temperature (50 °C-110 °C), the surface treatment in NMP provided an electron concentration from 6 × 1010to 2 × 1012cm-2. Owing to the n-type doping effect, the thermal treatment in NMP reduced the contact resistance and enhanced the field-effect mobility of the MoS2transistors. The n-type doping via thermal treatment in NMP remained effective for more than 12 months in ambient air, and could be completely removed after immersion in isopropanol. These results demonstrate that thermal treatment in NMP can be a facile and effective route to achieve stable and reversible doping of two-dimensional materials including MoS2for their applications in high-performance electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeon Sunwoo
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Choi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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33
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Dynamic exfoliation of graphene in various solvents: All-atom molecular simulations. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Yang Y, Wei Y, Guo Z, Hou W, Liu Y, Tian H, Ren TL. From Materials to Devices: Graphene toward Practical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200671. [PMID: 36008156 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, as an emerging 2D material, has been playing an important role in flexible electronics since its discovery in 2004. The representative fabrication methods of graphene include mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, redox reaction, etc. Based on its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermo-acoustical, optical, and other properties, graphene has made a great progress in the development of mechanical sensors, microphone, sound source, electrophysiological detection, solar cells, synaptic transistors, light-emitting devices, and so on. In different application fields, large-scale, low-cost, high-quality, and excellent performance are important factors that limit the industrialization development of graphene. Therefore, laser scribing technology, roll-to-roll technology is used to reduce the cost. High-quality graphene can be obtained through chemical vapor deposition processes. The performance can be improved through the design of structure of the devices, and the homogeneity and stability of devices can be achieved by mechanized machining means. In total, graphene devices show promising prospect for the practical fields of sports monitoring, health detection, voice recognition, energy, etc. There is a hot issue for industry to create and maintain the market competitiveness of graphene products through increasing its versatility and killer application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuhong Wei
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhanfeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - He Tian
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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35
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Pérez‐Ramírez EE, Ramos‐Galicia L, de la Luz‐Asunción M, Saucedo‐Rivalcoba V, Martínez‐Hernández AL, Rubio‐Rosas E, Velasco‐Santos C. A Green and Easy Large Scale Method for Obtaining Graphene Nanoplatelets by Steam Explosion and Ultrasonic Exfoliation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo E. Pérez‐Ramírez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Querétaro Av. Tecnológico s/n Esq. Gral. Mariano Escobedo Col. Centro Histórico, C.P. 76000 Santiago de Querétaro México
| | - Lourdes Ramos‐Galicia
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Querétaro Av. Tecnológico s/n Esq. Gral. Mariano Escobedo Col. Centro Histórico, C.P. 76000 Santiago de Querétaro México
| | - Miguel de la Luz‐Asunción
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Querétaro Av. Tecnológico s/n Esq. Gral. Mariano Escobedo Col. Centro Histórico, C.P. 76000 Santiago de Querétaro México
| | - Verónica Saucedo‐Rivalcoba
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Tecnológico Nacional de México – Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tierra Blanca Av. Veracruz s/n Esq. Calle Héroes de Puebla 95180 Tierra Blanca Veracruz México
| | - Ana L. Martínez‐Hernández
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Querétaro Av. Tecnológico s/n Esq. Gral. Mariano Escobedo Col. Centro Histórico, C.P. 76000 Santiago de Querétaro México
| | - Efraín Rubio‐Rosas
- Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Prolongación 24 sur S/N CU San Manuel, C.P. 72570 Puebla México
| | - Carlos Velasco‐Santos
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Querétaro Av. Tecnológico s/n Esq. Gral. Mariano Escobedo Col. Centro Histórico, C.P. 76000 Santiago de Querétaro México
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36
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Kaur H, Coleman JN. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Nonlayered Non-Van-Der-Waals Crystals into Nanoplatelets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202164. [PMID: 35470487 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For nearly 15 years, researchers have been using liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) to produce 2D nanosheets from layered crystals. This has yielded multiple 2D materials in a solution-processable form whose utility has been demonstrated in multiple applications. It was believed that the exfoliation of such materials is enabled by the very large bonding anisotropy of layered materials where the strength of intralayer chemical bonds is very much larger than that of interlayer van der Waals bonds. However, over the last five years, a number of papers have raised questions about our understanding of exfoliation by describing the LPE of nonlayered materials. These results are extremely surprising because, as no van der Waals gap is present to provide an easily cleaved direction, the exfoliation of such compounds requires the breaking of only chemical bonds. Here the progress in this unexpected new research area is examined. The structure and properties of nanoplatelets produced by LPE of nonlayered materials are reviewed. A number of unexplained trends are found, not least the preponderance of isotropic materials that have been exfoliated to give high-aspect-ratio nanoplatelets. Finally, the applications potential of this new class of 2D materials are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harneet Kaur
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
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37
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Popov I, Bügel P, Kozlowska M, Fink K, Studt F, Sharapa DI. Analytical Model of CVD Growth of Graphene on Cu(111) Surface. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12172963. [PMID: 36080001 PMCID: PMC9457873 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the CVD synthesis of graphene on Cu(111) is an industrial process of outstanding importance, its theoretical description and modeling are hampered by its multiscale nature and the large number of elementary reactions involved. In this work, we propose an analytical model of graphene nucleation and growth on Cu(111) surfaces based on the combination of kinetic nucleation theory and the DFT simulations of elementary steps. In the framework of the proposed model, the mechanism of graphene nucleation is analyzed with particular emphasis on the roles played by the two main feeding species, C and C2. Our analysis reveals unexpected patterns of graphene growth, not typical for classical nucleation theories. In addition, we show that the proposed theory allows for the reproduction of the experimentally observed characteristics of polycrystalline graphene samples in the most computationally efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Popov
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Patrick Bügel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dmitry I. Sharapa
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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38
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Altuwirqi RM. Graphene Nanostructures by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5925. [PMID: 36079307 PMCID: PMC9456608 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-quality graphene has demonstrated remarkable mechanical, thermal, electronic, and optical properties. These features have paved the road for the introduction of graphene into numerous applications such as optoelectronics and energy devices, photodegradation, bioimaging, photodetectors, sensors, and biosensors. Due to this, graphene research has accelerated exponentially, with the aim of reaching a sustainable large-scale production process of high-quality graphene that can produce graphene-based technologies at an industrial scale. There exist numerous routes for graphene fabrication; however, pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) has emerged as a simple, fast, green, and environmentally friendly method as it does not require the use of toxic chemicals. Moreover, it does not involve the use of expensive vacuum chambers or clean rooms. However, the great advantage of PLAL is its ability to control the size, shape, and structure of the produced nanostructures through the choice of laser parameters and liquid used. Consequently, this review will focus on recent research on the synthesis of graphene nanosheets and graphene quantum dots via PLAL and the effect of experimental parameters such as laser wavelength, pulse width, pulse energy, repetition rate, irradiation time, and liquid media on the produced nanostructures. Moreover, it will discuss extended PLAL techniques which incorporate other methods into PLAL. Finally, different applications that utilize nanostructures produced by PLAL will be highlighted. We hope that this review will provide a useful guide for researchers to further develop the PLAL technique and the fabrication of graphene-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Altuwirqi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 42805, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Jayaseelan J, Pazhani A, Michael AX, Paulchamy J, Batako A, Hosamane Guruswamy PK. Characterization Studies on Graphene-Aluminium Nano Composites for Aerospace Launch Vehicle External Fuel Tank Structural Application. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5907. [PMID: 36079286 PMCID: PMC9456592 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
From the aspect of exploring the alternative lightweight composite material for the aerospace launch vehicle external fuel tank structural components, the current research work studies three different grades of Aluminium alloy reinforced with varying graphene weight percentages that are processed through powder metallurgy (P/M) route. The prepared green compacts composite ingots are subjected to microwave processing (Sintering), hot extruded, and solution treated (T6). The developed Nano-graphene reinforced composite is studied further for the strength-microstructural integrity. The nature of the graphene reinforcement and its chemical existence within the composite is further studied, and it is found that hot extruded solution treated (HEST) composite exhibited low levels of carbide (Al4C3) formations, as composites processed by microwaves. Further, the samples of different grades reinforced with varying graphene percentages are subjected to mechanical characterisation tests such as the tensile test and hardness. It is found that 2 wt% graphene reinforced composites exhibited enhanced yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. Microstructural studies and fracture morphology are studied, and it is proven that composite processed via the microwave method has exhibited good ductile behaviour and promising failure mechanisms at higher load levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jayaseelan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Ashwath Pazhani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University, Priory St, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Anthony Xavior Michael
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | | | - Andre Batako
- General Engineering Research Institute, Liverpool Jhon Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
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40
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Chen S, Wang F, Kuang F, Kang S, Liang H, Zheng L, Guan L, Wu Q. Femtosecond Pulsed Fiber Laser by an Optical Device Based on NaOH-LPE Prepared WSe 2 Saturable Absorber. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2747. [PMID: 36014612 PMCID: PMC9415237 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on all-optical devices prepared from WSe2 combined with drawn tapered fibers as saturable absorbers to achieve ultrashort pulse output. The saturable absorber with a high damage threshold and high saturable absorption characteristics is prepared for application in erbium-doped fiber lasers by the liquid phase exfoliation method for WSe2, and the all-optical device exhibited strong saturable absorption characteristics with a modulation depth of 15% and a saturation intensity of 100.58 W. The net dispersion of the erbium-doped fiber laser cavity is ~-0.1 ps2, and a femtosecond pulse output with a bandwidth of 11.4 nm, a pulse width of 390 fs, and a single-pulse capability of 42 pJ is obtained. Results indicate that the proposed WSe2 saturable absorbers are efficient, photonic devices to realize stable fiber lasers. The results demonstrate that the WSe2 saturable absorber is an effective photonic device for realizing stable fiber lasers, which have a certain significance for the development of potential photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fengpeng Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fangguang Kuang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shuying Kang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hanwen Liang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lijing Zheng
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lixin Guan
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Laser Spectroscopy Technology and Application, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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41
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Gürünlü B, Taşdelen-Yücedağ Ç, Bayramoğlu M. One Pot Synthesis of Graphene through Microwave Assisted Liquid Exfoliation of Graphite in Different Solvents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155027. [PMID: 35956975 PMCID: PMC9370801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an easy and quick method for the synthesis of graphene from graphite in a set of solvents, including n-Hexadecane (n-Hexa), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 1-octanol (OCTA), perchloric acid (PA), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), ethylene glycol (EG), and ethylene diamine (ED), via microwave (MW) energy. The properties of final products were determined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and the four-point probe technique. The XRD spectra of most of the MW-assisted graphene products showed peaks at 2θ = 26.5° and 54°. Layer numbers extend from 2 and 25, and the leading comes about were gotten by having two-layered products, named as graphene synthesized in dimethylsulfoxide (G-DMSO), graphene synthesized in ethylene glycol (G-EG), and graphene synthesized in 1-octanol (G-OCTA). G-DMF has the highest electrical conductivity with 22 S/m. The electrical conductivity is higher when the dipole moment of the used solvent is between 2 and 4 Debye (D). The FTIR spectra of most of the MW-assisted graphene products are in line with commercial graphene (CG). The UV-Vis spectra of all MW-assisted graphene products showed a peak at 223 nm referring to characteristic sp2 C=C bonds and 273 nm relating to the n → π * transition of C-O bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Gürünlü
- Bioengineering Department, Üsküdar University, Altunizade Mah. Üniversite Sok., Üsküdar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-544-354-9288
| | | | - Mahmut Bayramoğlu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey
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42
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Ali A, Liang F, Zhu J, Shen PK. The role of graphene in rechargeable lithium batteries: Synthesis, functionalisation, and perspectives. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Bartus CP, Hegedűs T, Kozma G, Szenti I, Vajtai R, Kónya Z, Kukovecz Á. Exfoliation of black phosphorus in isopropanol-water cosolvents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Garrido M, Barrejón M, Berrocal JA, Syrgiannis Z, Prato M. Polyaromatic cores for the exfoliation of popular 2D materials. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8986-8994. [PMID: 35699137 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted interest from the scientific community due to their unique properties. The production of these materials has been carried out by diverse methodologies, the liquid phase exfoliation being the most promising one due to its simplicity and potential scalability. The use of several stabilizers allows to obtain dispersions of these 2D nanomaterials in solvents with low boiling points. Herein we describe a general exfoliation method for different 2D materials employing a biphasic water/dichloromethane system and two different (poly)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This method allows us to obtain dispersions of the exfoliated 2D materials with high concentrations in the organic solvent. Due to the low boiling point of dichloromethane, and therefore its easy removal, the obtained dispersions can be employed as additives for different composites. We corroborate that the exfoliation efficiency is improved due to the π-π and van der Waals interactions between the PAHs and the layers of the 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Myriam Barrejón
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
- Neural Repair and Biomaterials Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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45
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From Quantum Materials to Microsystems. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134478. [PMID: 35806603 PMCID: PMC9267837 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The expression “quantum materials” identifies materials whose properties “cannot be described in terms of semiclassical particles and low-level quantum mechanics”, i.e., where lattice, charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom are strongly intertwined. Despite their intriguing and exotic properties, overall, they appear far away from the world of microsystems, i.e., micro-nano integrated devices, including electronic, optical, mechanical and biological components. With reference to ferroics, i.e., functional materials with ferromagnetic and/or ferroelectric order, possibly coupled to other degrees of freedom (such as lattice deformations and atomic distortions), here we address a fundamental question: “how can we bridge the gap between fundamental academic research focused on quantum materials and microsystems?”. Starting from the successful story of semiconductors, the aim of this paper is to design a roadmap towards the development of a novel technology platform for unconventional computing based on ferroic quantum materials. By describing the paradigmatic case of GeTe, the father compound of a new class of materials (ferroelectric Rashba semiconductors), we outline how an efficient integration among academic sectors and with industry, through a research pipeline going from microscopic modeling to device applications, can bring curiosity-driven discoveries to the level of CMOS compatible technology.
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46
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Di Luca G, Filomia M, Fuoco A, Chiappetta G, Figoli A. Effect of Graphene Oxide on Liquid Water-Based Waterproofing Bituminous Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112221. [PMID: 35683894 PMCID: PMC9182758 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, innovative graphene oxide-doped waterproofing bituminous membranes, also called roof bituminous membranes, were prepared and characterized in terms of physicochemical and vapor transport properties. The results showed that the introduction of a small amount of GO increased the mechanical resistance of the doped membranes compared to the native one. Moreover, the addition of the GO leads to a remarkable chemical stability of the membranes when exposed to UV radiation and high temperatures. Furthermore, a decrease in water vapor permeation was observed when GO was present in the membrane matrix compared to native bituminous membranes, demonstrating that an addition of GO can boost the waterproofing properties of these bituminous membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Luca
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.D.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Marcello Filomia
- Research and Developed Department, HA ITALIA S.p.A, Viale della Scienza 78, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;
| | - Alessio Fuoco
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.D.L.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Giovanni Chiappetta
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.D.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.D.L.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.F.)
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47
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Chen S, Li Q, He D, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang M. Aggregation behavior of partially contacted graphene sheets in six-carbon alkanes: all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2022; 28:169. [PMID: 35614269 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the aggregation of the cross-contacted and non-cross-contacted graphene sheets in n-hexane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, and cyclohexane solvents. The results show that the main driving force of the graphene aggregation is the interaction between the graphene sheets, and the interaction between solvent molecules also contributes to the aggregation slightly. The initial graphene configurations and the solvent molecule structures both have effects on the graphene aggregation speed. Specifically, the cross-contacted graphene sheets aggregate faster than the non-cross-contacted configuration, since the interaction between the graphene sheets is larger and the direction of this interaction is conducive to pushing away the solvent molecules adsorbed on the graphene surface. The graphene aggregation speed is larger in n-hexane mainly since the mobility of the solvent molecules is higher than the other two solvents, while the interaction between graphenes/solvents has little influence for the systems used in this work. This work provides useful insights into the graphene aggregation in the solvents with different initial graphene configurations and solvent molecule structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Quanjiang Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Di He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Meishan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China. .,School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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48
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Wang QH, Bedoya-Pinto A, Blei M, Dismukes AH, Hamo A, Jenkins S, Koperski M, Liu Y, Sun QC, Telford EJ, Kim HH, Augustin M, Vool U, Yin JX, Li LH, Falin A, Dean CR, Casanova F, Evans RFL, Chshiev M, Mishchenko A, Petrovic C, He R, Zhao L, Tsen AW, Gerardot BD, Brotons-Gisbert M, Guguchia Z, Roy X, Tongay S, Wang Z, Hasan MZ, Wrachtrup J, Yacoby A, Fert A, Parkin S, Novoselov KS, Dai P, Balicas L, Santos EJG. The Magnetic Genome of Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6960-7079. [PMID: 35442017 PMCID: PMC9134533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has recently emerged as one of the most promising areas in condensed matter research, with many exciting emerging properties and significant potential for applications ranging from topological magnonics to low-power spintronics, quantum computing, and optical communications. In the brief time after their discovery, 2D magnets have blossomed into a rich area for investigation, where fundamental concepts in magnetism are challenged by the behavior of spins that can develop at the single layer limit. However, much effort is still needed in multiple fronts before 2D magnets can be routinely used for practical implementations. In this comprehensive review, prominent authors with expertise in complementary fields of 2D magnetism (i.e., synthesis, device engineering, magneto-optics, imaging, transport, mechanics, spin excitations, and theory and simulations) have joined together to provide a genome of current knowledge and a guideline for future developments in 2D magnetic materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mark Blei
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Avalon H. Dismukes
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Assaf Hamo
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Twist
Group,
Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Duisburg, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Qi-Chao Sun
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Evan J. Telford
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering
Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of
Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Mathias Augustin
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Uri Vool
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John Harvard
Distinguished Science Fellows Program, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia-Xin Yin
- Laboratory
for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey Falin
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE
BRTA, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque
Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Richard F. L. Evans
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Artem Mishchenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Rui He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, 910 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United
States
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam W. Tsen
- Institute
for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Zurab Guguchia
- Laboratory
for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer
Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Princeton
Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joerg Wrachtrup
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Albert Fert
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Department
of Materials Physics UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stuart Parkin
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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Process design and economic assessment of large-scale production of molybdenum disulfide nanomaterials. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The design of large-scale nanomaterial production is nowadays a major research topic that requires efficient tools for appropriate decision-making and process simulation is considered among the rational approach to address such difficult issue. The present study deals with process design and economic assessment of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) nanomaterials production at large-scale via solvothermal method basing on our previous bench scale results. The commercial simulator Aspen Plus was used for process modelling and assuming a plant capacity of 100 tonnes/year. The simulation results were used to perform the cost assessment and profitability analysis while taking into account two relevant cases with (Recycle Case) and without recycling of Ethylenediamine and Hydrazine (Base Case). Note that for the technological and economical assessment the effluent treatment system was not taken into account. The total capital investment was estimated to be ca.14.3 M$ for the base case and ca. 17.4 M$ for recycle case, while the total operating costs were about 2945 $ for the base case and 503 $ for the recycle case for the production of 1 kg of MoS2. Thus, in addition to intrinsic advantages associated with the easier preparation and lower environmental impact of solvothermal method, larger production with recycling option can make the process more economically profitable.
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50
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Nano-Graphene Layer from Facile, Scalable and Eco-Friendly Liquid Phase Exfoliation Strategy as Effective Barrier Layer for High-Performance and Durable Direct Liquid Alcohol Fuel Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27093044. [PMID: 35566394 PMCID: PMC9100842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, in spite of exceptional physio-chemical properties, still faces great limitations in its use and industrial scale-up as highly selective membranes (enhanced ratio of proton conductivity to fuel cross-over) in liquid alcohol fuel cells (LAFCs), due to complexity and high cost of prevailing production methods. To resolve these issues, a facile, low-cost and eco-friendly approach of liquid phase exfoliation (bath sonication) of graphite to obtain graphene and spray depositing the prepared graphene flakes, above anode catalyst layer (near the membrane in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA)) as barrier layer at different weight percentages relative to the base membrane Nafion 115 was utilized in this work. The 5 wt.% nano-graphene layer raises 1 M methanol/oxygen fuel cell power density by 38% to 91 mW·cm−2, compared to standard membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performance of 63 mW·cm−2, owing to less methanol crossover with mild decrease in proton conductivity, showing negligible voltage decays over 20 h of operation at 50 mA·cm−2. Overall, this work opens three prominent favorable prospects: exploring the usage of nano-materials prepared by liquid phase exfoliation approach, their effective usage in ion-transport membrane region of MEA and enhancing fuel cell power performance.
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