1
|
Joaquim A, Góis A, Soares A, Garcia C, Amarelo A, Antunes P, Afreixo V, Geraldes V, Capela A, Viamonte S, Alves AJ, Ferreira HB, Guerra I, Afonso AI, Domingues MR, Helguero LA. Effect of physical exercise on immune, inflammatory, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and fatty acids of breast cancer survivors: results from the MAMA_MOVE Gaia After Treatment trial. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:174. [PMID: 38378875 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical exercise has positive effects on clinical outcomes of breast cancer survivors such as quality of life, fatigue, anxiety, depression, body mass index, and physical fitness. We aimed to study its impact on immune, inflammatory, cardiometabolic, and fatty acids (FA) biomarkers. METHODS An exploratory sub-analysis of the MAMA_MOVE Gaia After Treatment trial (NCT04024280, registered July 18, 2019) was performed. Blood sample collections occurred during the control phase and at eight weeks of the intervention phase. Samples were subjected to complete leukocyte counts, cytokine, and cardiometabolic marker evaluation using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunoassays, and gas chromatography. RESULTS Ninety-three percent of the 15 participants had body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. We observed a decrease of the plasmatic saturated FA C20:0 [median difference - 0.08% (p = 0.048); mean difference - 0.1 (95%CI - 0.1, - 0.0)], positively associated with younger ages. A tendency to increase the saturated FA C18:0 and the ratio of unsaturated/saturated FA and a tendency to decrease neutrophils (within the normal range) and interferon-gamma were observed. CONCLUSIONS Positive trends of physical exercise on circulating immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, and plasmatic FA were observed. Larger studies will further elucidate the implications of physical exercise on metabolism. These exploratory findings may contribute to future hypothesis-driven research and contribute to meta-analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Joaquim
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - André Góis
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Soares
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Garcia
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Maia, 4475-690, Maia, Portugal
| | - Anabela Amarelo
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antunes
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Vera Afreixo
- Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Center for Research & Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera Geraldes
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon and Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Capela
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viamonte
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Reabilitação Do Norte, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, 4405-565, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Alberto J Alves
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Maia, 4475-690, Maia, Portugal
| | - Helena B Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Mass Spectrometry Centre &, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Guerra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Mass Spectrometry Centre &, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I Afonso
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon and Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Mass Spectrometry Centre &, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang L, Li H, Zhang H, Song X, Jiang H, Wang D, Wang Y. Serum-based metabolomics reveals the mechanism of action of isorhynchophylline in the intervention of atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1083-1092. [PMID: 38284158 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01803b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with disorders of lipid metabolism. Metabolic disorders, inflammation and lipid deposition are prominent pathological features of atherosclerosis. Isorhynchophylline (IRN) has pharmacological effects such as protection of vascular endothelial cells, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, it is unclear whether IRN is efficacious in atherosclerosis. In the present study, we verified the pharmacological efficacy and hepatoprotective effects of IRN in intervening in AS. LC-MS-based serum untargeted metabolomics was performed to search for potential biomarkers and related pathways in IRN-treated AS in ApoE-/- mice. Fifty-eight biomarkers were metabolically disturbed in the model mice compared to controls. Thirteen biomarkers showed optimal recovery methods after IRN-40 mg ml-1 intervention. We identified three metabolic pathways involved in IRN: glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. These findings provide a research basis for the intervention of IRN in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Haichao Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Xiayinan Song
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shunthwal J, Sihag ZS, Magotra A, Meetu, Sihag S. Investigating the impact of linseed supplementation, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, on the expression of immune genes in Beetal Goats. Anim Biotechnol 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37905718 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2263049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of linseed supplementation on serum profiling and differential expression levels of IL-2 and TLR 2 genes involved in the immune system of lactating goats. The study was conducted on 15 lactating Beetal goats for 3 months, which were divided into three groups. Treatment group T1 was kept as a control group with no linseed supplementation, whereas treatment group T2 received ground linseed at the rate 10% of concentrate per day per animal, and treatment group T3 received 20% ground linseed. The concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL concentration were found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) in both 10% and 20% linseed supplemented group than the control group. Whereas, HDL concentration in T2 and T3 group were found to be significantly higher than the control group. The differential expression of targeted genes comparatively revealed highest relative expression in the group that received 20% linseed supplementation. Although the study did not show a significant effect of linseed supplementation on the expression of TLR-2 and IL-2 genes in goats, it highlights the potential benefits of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on immune system modulation in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shunthwal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Zile Singh Sihag
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Ankit Magotra
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Meetu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Sajjan Sihag
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Perrone B, Ruffo P, Augimeri G, Sisci D, Sinicropi MS, Tripepi G, Mammì C, Bonofiglio D, Conforti FL. Association between HMGCR, CRP, and CETP gene polymorphisms and metabolic/inflammatory serum profile in healthy adolescents. J Transl Med 2023; 21:718. [PMID: 37833739 PMCID: PMC10576320 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex interplay between health, lifestyle and genetics represents a critical area of research for understanding and promoting human well-being. Importantly, genetics plays a key role in determining individual susceptibility to disease and response to lifestyle. The aim of the present study was to identify genetic factors related to the metabolic/inflammatory profile of adolescents providing new insights into the individual predisposition to the different effects of the substances from the environment. METHODS Association analysis of genetic variants and biochemical parameters was performed in a total of 77 healthy adolescents recruited in the context of the DIMENU study. RESULTS Polymorphisms of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaril coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR; rs142563098), C-reactive protein gene (CRP; rs1417938, rs1130864), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; rs5030708), interleukin (IL)-10 (IL-10; rs3024509) genes were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with various serum metabolic parameters. Of particular interest were also the correlations between the HMGCRpolymorphism (rs3846663) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, as well Fatty-acid desaturase (FADS) polymorphism (rs7481842) and IL-10 level opening a new link between lipidic metabolism genes and inflammation. CONCLUSION In this study, we highlighted associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum levels of metabolic and inflammatory parameters in healthy young individuals, suggesting the importance of genetic profiling in the prevention and management of chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Paola Ruffo
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of Reggio Calabria, IFC-CNR, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Corrado Mammì
- Great Metropolitan Hospital BMM, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy.
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, Rende, CS, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huybrechts I, Jacobs I, Aglago EK, Yammine S, Matta M, Schmidt JA, Casagrande C, Nicolas G, Biessy C, Van Puyvelde H, Scalbert A, Derksen JWG, van der Schouw YT, Grioni S, Amiano P, Halkjær J, Tjønneland A, Huerta JM, Luján-Barroso L, Palli D, Gunter MJ, Perez-Cornago A, Chajès V. Associations between Fatty Acid Intakes and Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Concentrations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Nutrients 2023; 15:3695. [PMID: 37686727 PMCID: PMC10489906 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to determine the correlations between dietary fatty acid (FA) intakes and plasma phospholipid (PL) FA levels in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS The dietary intake of 60 individual FAs was estimated using centre-specific validated dietary questionnaires. Plasma PL FA concentrations of these FAs were measured in non-fasting venous plasma samples in nested case-control studies within the EPIC cohort (n = 4923, using only non-cases). Spearman rank correlations were calculated to determine associations between FA intakes and plasma PL FA levels. RESULTS Correlations between FA intakes and circulating levels were low to moderately high (-0.233 and 0.554). Moderate positive correlations were found for total long-chain n-3 poly-unsaturated FA (PUFA) (r = 0.354) with the highest (r = 0.406) for n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Moderate positive correlations were also found for the non-endogenously synthesized trans-FA (r = 0.461 for total trans-FA C16-18; r = 0.479 for industrial trans-FA (elaidic acid)). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that dietary FA intakes might influence the plasma PL FA status to a certain extent for several specific FAs. The stronger positive correlations for health-enhancing long-chain PUFAs and the health-deteriorating trans-FA that are not endogenously produced are valuable for future cancer prevention public health interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Inarie Jacobs
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Elom K. Aglago
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Sahar Yammine
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Michèle Matta
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Julie A. Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (J.A.S.); (A.P.-C.)
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Corinne Casagrande
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Geneviève Nicolas
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Carine Biessy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Heleen Van Puyvelde
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Jeroen W. G. Derksen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.W.G.D.); (Y.T.v.d.S.)
| | - Yvonne T. van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.W.G.D.); (Y.T.v.d.S.)
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jytte Halkjær
- Department of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Department of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.H.); (A.T.)
| | - José M. Huerta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30005 Murcia, Spain
| | - Leila Luján-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology—IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Granvia 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (J.A.S.); (A.P.-C.)
| | - Véronique Chajès
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France; (I.J.); (E.K.A.); (S.Y.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.N.); (C.B.); (H.V.P.); (A.S.); (M.J.G.); (V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng L, Chen L, Wan J, Liu W, Lou S, Shen Z. Single-cell transcriptomic landscape of immunometabolism reveals intervention candidates of ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, fatty-acid degradation and PUFA metabolism of T-cell subsets in healthy controls, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179877. [PMID: 37492568 PMCID: PMC10363747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The modulation of immunometabolic pathways is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for immune-mediated diseases. However, the immunometabolic features of psoriatic disease and the potential targets for immunometabolic intervention in the different T-cell subsets involved in its pathogenesis remain unclear. Methods In this study, we analyzed circulating blood single-cell data from healthy controls (HC), psoriasis (PSO), and psoriatic arthritis (PSA) patients, and revealed their metabolic features of T-cell subsets: CD4+ central memory T cells (TCMs), CD8+ effective memory T cells (TEMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs ), and γδ T cells. Pearson test was performed to determine the linkages between differential metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Based on these results, we also analyzed the potential impacts of biological antibodies on differential metabolic pathways by comparing the immunometabolism differences between PSA patients without and with biological treatment. Results Our results suggest that upregulation of ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, as well as fatty acid degradation, may enhance the immune suppression of Tregs. Enhanced metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid may inhibit the pro-inflammatory functions of CD4+ TCMs and CD8+ TEMs in PSO and PSA, and protect the immune suppression of Tregs in PSA. We propose that supporting ascorbic acid and fatty acid metabolic pathways may be an adjunctive reprogramming strategy with adalimumab and etanercept therapy. Discussion These findings not only provide insights into immunometabolism characteristics of psoriatic disease, but also offer preliminary options for the auxiliary treatment of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianji Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Lou
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Taaifi Y, Belhaj K, Mansouri F, Rbah Y, Melhaoui R, Houmy N, Ben moumen A, Azeroual E, Addi M, Elamrani A, Serghini-Caid H. The Effect of Feeding Laying Hens with Nonindustrial Hemp Seed on the Fatty Acid Profile, Cholesterol Level, and Tocopherol Composition of Egg Yolk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:1360276. [PMID: 37273530 PMCID: PMC10239304 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1360276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how cannabis-derived nonindustrial hemp seed (HS) inclusion in laying hen diets, as well as treatment duration, affected the fatty acid (FA) profile, cholesterol level, and tocopherol composition of egg yolks. Ninety-six (n = 96) Lohmann Brown classic laying hens were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: control (standard diet) and HS-containing diets (10% HS, 20% HS, and 30% HS). The study was conducted for a period of 4 months. The findings demonstrated that the FA profile and the tocopherol composition are strongly impacted by the addition of HS to the diet of laying hens (p < 0.05), but the cholesterol content remained unaffected. The increase in the dose of cannabis incorporated into the hen's diet (HS-30% group) led to a significant increase in the amounts of the polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 and n-6 content of egg yolk. This enrichment was accompanied by a considerable decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio (p < 0.001) from 8.19 to 4.88, on day 84 of the experiment. The total tocopherol content significantly increased (p < 0.05) from 281.44 (control) to 327.02 μg/g yolk (HS-30%) on day 84. Finally, in the context of warfare, these seeds might be used as a feed additive for laying hens to produce higher nutritive value eggs with affordable prices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Taaifi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Kamal Belhaj
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
- Laboratory of Sustainable Agriculture Management, Higher School of Technology Sidi Bennour, University Chouaib Doukkali, Street Jabran Khalil Jabran BP, 299-24000 El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
- Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed I University, BP-410, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Youssef Rbah
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Reda Melhaoui
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nadia Houmy
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdesammad Ben moumen
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | | | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Elamrani
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Hana Serghini-Caid
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seufert AL, Napier BA. A new frontier for fat: dietary palmitic acid induces innate immune memory. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e00021. [PMID: 37197687 PMCID: PMC10184819 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dietary saturated fats have recently been appreciated for their ability to modify innate immune cell function, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. Many dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) embark on a unique pathway through the lymphatics following digestion, and this makes them intriguing candidates for inflammatory regulation during homeostasis and disease. Specifically, palmitic acid (PA) and diets enriched in PA have recently been implicated in driving innate immune memory in mice. PA has been shown to induce long-lasting hyper-inflammatory capacity against secondary microbial stimuli in vitro and in vivo, and PA-enriched diets alter the developmental trajectory of stem cell progenitors in the bone marrow. Perhaps the most relevant finding is the ability of exogenous PA to enhance clearance of fungal and bacterial burdens in mice; however, the same PA treatment enhances endotoxemia severity and mortality. Westernized countries are becoming increasingly dependent on SFA-enriched diets, and a deeper understanding of SFA regulation of innate immune memory is imperative in this pandemic era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Seufert
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brooke A. Napier
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- *Correspondence: Brooke A. Napier, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
We are what we eat: The role of lipids in metabolic diseases. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516463 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a fundamental role, both structurally and functionally, for the correct functioning of the organism. In the last two decades, they have evolved from molecules involved only in energy storage to compounds that play an important role as components of cell membranes and signaling molecules that regulate cell homeostasis. For this reason, their interest as compounds involved in human health has been gaining weight. Indeed, lipids derived from dietary sources and endogenous biosynthesis are relevant for the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. There exist pathological conditions that are characterized by alterations in lipid metabolism. This is particularly true for metabolic diseases, such as liver steatosis, type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The main issue to be considered is lipid homeostasis. A precise control of fat homeostasis is required for a correct regulation of metabolic pathways and safe and efficient energy storage in adipocytes. When this fails, a deregulation occurs in the maintenance of systemic metabolism. This happens because an increased concentrations of lipids impair cellular homeostasis and disrupt tissue function, giving rise to lipotoxicity. Fat accumulation results in many alterations in the physiology of the affected organs, mainly in metabolic tissues. These alterations include the activation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased inflammation, accumulation of bioactive molecules and modification of gene expression. In this chapter, we review the main metabolic diseases in which alterations in lipid homeostasis are involved and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fatty-Acid-Based Membrane Lipidome Profile of Peanut Allergy Patients: An Exploratory Study of a Lifelong Health Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010120. [PMID: 36613559 PMCID: PMC9820545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut allergy is a lifelong, increasingly prevalent, and potentially life-threatening disease burdening families and communities. Dietary, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), intakes can exert positive effects on immune and inflammatory responses, and the red blood cell (RBC) membrane lipidome contains stabilized metabolic and nutritional information connected with such responses. The fatty-acid-based membrane lipidome profile has been exploratorily evaluated in a small cohort of patients (eight males and one female, age range 4.1−21.7 years old, body mass index BMI < 25) with angioedema and/or anaphylaxis after peanut ingestion. This analysis was performed according to an ISO 17025 certified robotic protocol, isolating mature RBCs, extracting membrane lipids, and transforming them to fatty acid methyl esters for gas chromatography recognition and quantification. Comparison with a group of age- and BMI-matched healthy individuals and with benchmark interval values of a healthy population evidenced significant differences, such as higher levels of ω-6 (arachidonic acid), lower values of ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), together with an increased ω-6/ω-3 ratio in allergic patients. A significant inverse correlation was also found between specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and ω-6 di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and total PUFAs. Results of this preliminary study encourage screenings in larger cohorts, also in view of precision nutrition and nutraceuticals strategies, and stimulate interest to expand basic and applied research for unveiling molecular mechanisms that are still missing and individuating treatments in chronic allergic disorders.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dang D, Zhang C, Meng Z, Lv X, Li Z, Wei J, Wu H. Integrative analysis links ferroptosis to necrotizing enterocolitis and reveals the role of ACSL4 in immune disorders. iScience 2022; 25:105406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
12
|
Bland JS. Therapeutic Use of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Immune Disorders In Search of the Ideal Omega-3 Supplement. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2022; 21:14-18. [PMID: 36643210 PMCID: PMC9831136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There has been continuing growth in the understanding of the role that omega-3 fatty acid supplements play in the support of immune function. The progress in both the basic science and clinical research surrounding the impact of various formulations of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on immune function has resulted in the recognition that the impact of these supplements is beyond that of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docasahexaenoic acid (DHA) alone, and includes other fatty acids containing omega-3 derivatives termed pro-resolving mediators, along with vitamins A and D found naturally in some marine oils. The research on omega-3 oil supplements has also highlighted the importance that the supplement formulation be derived from a certified sustainable source, free of heavy metals and organic pollutants, minimally processed, and composed of the natural triglyceride form of the fatty acids for improved safety and effectiveness in providing immune support.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu Q, Han Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Su Q, Shen Y, Guan K, Michal JJ, Jiang Z, Liu B, Zhou X. Integrated time-series transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal different inflammatory and adaptive immune responses contributing to host resistance to PRRSV. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960709. [PMID: 36341362 PMCID: PMC9631489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly contagious disease that affects the global pig industry. To understand mechanisms of susceptibility/resistance to PRRSV, this study profiled the time-serial white blood cells transcriptomic and serum metabolomic responses to PRRSV in piglets from a crossbred population of PRRSV-resistant Tongcheng pigs and PRRSV-susceptible Large White pigs. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) illustrated that PRRSV infection up-regulated the expression levels of marker genes of dendritic cells, monocytes and neutrophils and inflammatory response, but down-regulated T cells, B cells and NK cells markers. CIBERSORT analysis confirmed the higher T cells proportion in resistant pigs during PRRSV infection. Resistant pigs showed a significantly higher level of T cell activation and lower expression levels of monocyte surface signatures post infection than susceptible pigs, corresponding to more severe suppression of T cell immunity and inflammatory response in susceptible pigs. Differentially expressed genes between resistant/susceptible pigs during the course of infection were significantly enriched in oxidative stress, innate immunity and humoral immunity, cell cycle, biotic stimulated cellular response, wounding response and behavior related pathways. Fourteen of these genes were distributed in 5 different QTL regions associated with PRRSV-related traits. Chemokine CXCL10 levels post PRRSV infection were differentially expressed between resistant pigs and susceptible pigs and can be a promising marker for susceptibility/resistance to PRRSV. Furthermore, the metabolomics dataset indicated differences in amino acid pathways and lipid metabolism between pre-infection/post-infection and resistant/susceptible pigs. The majority of metabolites levels were also down-regulated after PRRSV infection and were significantly positively correlated to the expression levels of marker genes in adaptive immune response. The integration of transcriptome and metabolome revealed concerted molecular events triggered by the infection, notably involving inflammatory response, adaptive immunity and G protein-coupled receptor downstream signaling. This study has increased our knowledge of the immune response differences induced by PRRSV infection and susceptibility differences at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, providing the basis for the PRRSV resistance mechanism and effective PRRS control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianmeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuju Su
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaifeng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jennifer J. Michal
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Bang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Bang Liu,
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Bang Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cota LO, Júnior OS, Oliveira APL, Paz CFR, Maróstica TP, Duarte PC, Leme FOP, Faleiros RR. Oral supplementation with Lithothamnion extract in horses subjected to oligofructose overload intake: effects on systemic inflammation and multiple organ function. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 117:104082. [PMID: 35850436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common condition in horses with gastrointestinal disorders. If not prevented or controlled, SIRS promotes multiple organ dysfunctions that may culminate in serious disabilities or even death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lithothamnion supplementation on systemic inflammatory response and organ function variables in horses undergoing oligofructose overload (OFO) intake. Twelve healthy horses were randomly divided into control and treated groups. The treated group received Lithothamnion (100 mg/kg bw PO BID) for 7 days before oligofructose intake (10 g/kg PO). Horses underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation immediately before and 6, 12, 18, and 24 h following administration of oligofructose. Parametric data were subjected to ANOVA in randomized blocks, followed by Tukey, and Student's t-tests for mean comparsions. Non-parametric data were analyzed by the Friedman, Dunn's, and Mann-Whitney tests (P < .05). Systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction was evident in both groups; however, these changes were milder and delayed in the treated group. Supplementation attenuated and delayed the tachycardia, tachypnea, leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperalbuminemia and hyperglycemia in treated horses undergoing OFO. Furthermore, increases in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, indirect and direct bilirubin and creatinine were observed only in the control group, remaining unchanged in the treated group. These findings demonstrate the potential of oral supplementation with Lithothamnion to ameliorate systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction in horses at risk of acquiring gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia O Cota
- EQUINOVA Research Group, Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Odael S Júnior
- EQUINOVA Research Group, Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alvaro P L Oliveira
- EQUINOVA Research Group, Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cahuê F R Paz
- EQUINOVA Research Group, Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thairê P Maróstica
- EQUINOVA Research Group, Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Duarte
- EQUINOVA Research Group, Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiola O P Leme
- EQUINOVA Research Group, Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; MULTILAB, Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Faleiros
- EQUINOVA Research Group, Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; MULTILAB, Veterinary School of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A Pilot Study to Examine If Dietary Habits Can Affect Symptomology in Mild Pre-Vaccination COVID-19 Cases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091274. [PMID: 36138753 PMCID: PMC9495586 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 experienced by the young and healthy individuals is poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to mainly examine whether the respective diets and the type of symptoms experienced by patients are predictive of having long COVID-19. Disease severity was assessed with a symptomatology questionnaire and used to group 55 participants in asymptomatic (AS), mild symptoms (S) and long COVID (LC). We found that experiencing a higher number of symptoms as well as fatigue were predictors of developing LC whereas those who experienced rhinorrhea were less likely to develop LC. Blood samples were also taken to measure vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and duration of spike IgG antibodies. In this study, serum 25(OH)D was not significantly different between 3 symptom groups with median (IQR) ng/mL levels of 22.0 (12.3) in the AS, 22.3 (7.5) in S, and 24.9 (9.4) in the LC group (p ≥ 0.05). The duration of IgG antibody response was found to vary greatly, with some individuals showing raised IgG over a year after infection. To examine whether dietary factors can influence the severity of symptoms, diet was analysed using 4–7-day food diaries as well as a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Some nutrients such as vitamin E, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibre, and iron were associated with lower severity of COVID-19. Lower intake of vitamin E was associated with having LC with a median (IQR) intake of 6.2 mg (3.8) seen in LC vs. 8.6 mg (7.2) in the AS group (p = 0.047). This pilot study has highlighted a few differences in the number and type of symptoms experienced by the young non-hospitalised individuals with mild and long COVID-19 and identified a few dietary components for their potential protective role against long COVID-19, however, the findings need to be confirmed with further large scale studies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Marine Natural Products in Clinical Use. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080528. [PMID: 36005531 PMCID: PMC9410185 DOI: 10.3390/md20080528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are potent and promising sources of drugs among other natural products of plant, animal, and microbial origin. To date, 20 drugs from marine sources are in clinical use. Most approved marine compounds are antineoplastic, but some are also used for chronic neuropathic pain, for heparin overdosage, as haptens and vaccine carriers, and for omega-3 fatty-acid supplementation in the diet. Marine drugs have diverse structural characteristics and mechanisms of action. A considerable increase in the number of marine drugs approved for clinical use has occurred in the past few decades, which may be attributed to increasing research on marine compounds in laboratories across the world. In the present manuscript, we comprehensively studied all marine drugs that have been successfully used in the clinic. Researchers and clinicians are hopeful to discover many more drugs, as a large number of marine natural compounds are being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou J, Wang M, Saraiva JA, Martins AP, Pinto CA, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J, Cao H, Xiao J, Barba FJ. Extraction of lipids from microalgae using classical and innovative approaches. Food Chem 2022; 384:132236. [PMID: 35240572 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae, as a photosynthetic autotrophic organism, contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, which have been applied in food, medicine, and fuel industries, among others. Microalgae are considered a good source of marine lipids due to their high content in unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and can be used as a supplement/replacement for fish-based oil. The high concentration of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) in microalgae lipids, results in important physiological functions, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation, being also a prerequisite for its development and application. In this paper, a variety of approaches for the extraction of lipids from microalgae were reviewed, including classical and innovative approaches, being the advantages and disadvantages of these methods emphasized. Further, the effects of microalgae lipids as high value bioactive compounds in human health and their use for several applications are dealt with, aiming using green(er) and effective methods to extract lipids from microalgae, as well as develop and extend their application potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhou
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Min Wang
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana P Martins
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carlos A Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roles of Fatty Acids in Microglial Polarization: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137300. [PMID: 35806302 PMCID: PMC9266841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype (classically activated) or the M2 phenotype (alternatively activated) is critical in determining the fate of immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). M1 macrophages contribute to neurotoxicity, neuronal and synaptic damage, and oxidative stress and are the first line of defense, and M2 macrophages elicit an anti-inflammatory response to regulate neuroinflammation, clear cell debris, and promote neuroregeneration. Various studies have focused on the ability of natural compounds to promote microglial polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype in several diseases, including NDs. However, studies on the roles of fatty acids in microglial polarization and their implications in NDs are a rare find. Most of the studies support the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in microglial polarization using cell and animal models. Thus, we aimed to collect data and provide a narrative account of microglial types, markers, and studies pertaining to fatty acids, particularly PUFAs, on microglial polarization and their neuroprotective effects. The involvement of only PUFAs in the chosen topic necessitates more in-depth research into the role of unexplored fatty acids in microglial polarization and their mechanistic implications. The review also highlights limitations and future challenges.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ethanol Extract of Sargassum siliquastrum Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Generation by Downregulating the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6160010. [PMID: 35722164 PMCID: PMC9205721 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6160010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum siliquastrum (SS) is an edible brown seaweed widely consumed in Korea and considered a functional food source. Previous studies have reported various biological activities of SS extracts, including antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of the SS extract and assessed the underlying mechanism of action. The SS extract significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner (% of NO production at 500 μg/mL: 60.1 ± 0.9%), with no obvious toxicity. Furthermore, the SS extract inhibited mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase, as well as LPS-induced expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α (IL-6 production (ng/mL) : LPS−: 0.7 ± 0.3; LPS+: 68.1 ± 2.8; LPS + SS extract: 51.9 ± 1.2; TNF-α production (ng/mL) : LPS−: 0.3 ± 0.1; LPS+: 23.0 ± 0.1; LPS + SS extract: 18.2 ± 10.8). Mechanistically, the SS extract attenuated LPS-induced activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB) signaling pathway such as phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and degradation of IκB-α, thereby blocking LPS-induced activation of NF-κB transcriptional activity. The SS extract also enhanced LPS-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression and attenuated LPS-induced cellular reactive oxygen species production (% of ROS production at 500 μg/mL: 52.2 ± 1.3%). Collectively, these findings suggest that the SS extract elicits anti-inflammatory effects in mouse macrophage cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang W, Wang M, Xu C, Liu Z, Gu L, Ma J, Jiang L, Jiang Z, Hou J. Effects of Soybean Oil Body as a Milk Fat Substitute on Ice Cream: Physicochemical, Sensory and Digestive Properties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101504. [PMID: 35627074 PMCID: PMC9141774 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean oil body (SOB) has potential as a milk fat substitute due to its ideal emulsification, stability and potential biological activity. In this study, SOB was used as a milk fat substitute to prepare ice cream, expecting to reduce the content of saturated fatty acid and improve the quality defects of ice cream products caused by the poor stability of milk fat at low temperatures. This study investigated the effect of SOB as a milk fat substitute (the substitution amount was 10–50%) on ice cream through apparent viscosity, particle size, overrun, melting, texture, sensory and digestive properties. The results show SOB substitution for milk fat significantly increased the apparent viscosity and droplet uniformity and decreased the particle size of the ice cream mixes, indicating that there were lots of intermolecular interactions to improve ice cream stability. In addition, ice cream with 30% to 50% SOB substitution had better melting properties and texture characteristics. The ice cream with 40% SOB substitution had the highest overall acceptability. Furthermore, SOB substitution for milk fat increased unsaturated fatty acid content in ice cream and fatty acid release during digestion, which had potential health benefits for consumers. Therefore, SOB as a milk fat substitute may be an effective way to improve the nutritional value and quality characteristics of dairy products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juncai Hou
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-451-55190710
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lipid Metabolism in Inflammation and Immune Function. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071414. [PMID: 35406026 PMCID: PMC9002396 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an essential role in modulating inflammation within the context of acute and chronic diseases [...]
Collapse
|
22
|
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rubber Seed Oil in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 267.4 Macrophages. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071349. [PMID: 35405962 PMCID: PMC9003255 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubber seed oil (RSO) is a typical PUFA-enriched plant oil, but it has not been widely used as a healthy edible oil resource due to the lack of understanding of its nutritional values, health biological effects, and action mechanisms. This work was conducted to characterize the basic physicochemical properties, evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and explore the involved mechanisms of RSO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In the present study, the basic physicochemical parameters of RSO indicated that RSO has good qualities as a potential edible plant oil resource. In LPS-induced macrophages, RSO supplementation displayed a significant antioxidant effect by decreasing ROS and MDA levels as well as elevating T-AOC. In addition, RSO supplementation showed an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the production of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α while promoting the production of IL-10. Moreover, RSO supplementation decreased the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and MCP-1 genes while increasing the mRNA expression of the IL-10 gene. Furthermore, RSO supplementation increased Nrf2 protein expression and up-regulated antioxidant genes (HO-1 and NQO-1), which was accompanied by the decrease in TLR4 protein expression and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation as well as IκBα phosphorylation. This study provided some insight into the applications of RSO as a healthy edible oil resource.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu H, Tang D, Yun M, Liu H, Huang S, Yun C, Hocher B, Zhang X, Liu F, Yin L, Dai Y. Metabolic Dysfunctions of Intestinal Fatty Acids and Tryptophan Reveal Immuno-Inflammatory Response Activation in IgA Nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:811526. [PMID: 35186998 PMCID: PMC8850467 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.811526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis. Although an important link between intestinal metabolites and immune activity is widely established, the metabolic profile of IgAN is still poorly understood, which severely limits the mechanistic studies and therapy of IgAN. METHODS The diversity of intestinal flora and relative abundance of metabolites in IgAN patients and healthy subjects were measured by 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing combined with liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. The levels of serum Gd-IgA1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22, and TNF-a were tested by ELISA. We employed the tryptophan-targeted UHPLC-MRM-MS approach to assess the content of tryptophan metabolites quantitatively. RESULTS Intestinal fatty acid levels, mainly unsaturated fatty acids, were observed to be dramatically decreased in IgAN patients. Disorders in linoleic acid and arachidonic acid metabolism, metabolic imbalances of anti-/pro- inflammatory fatty acid metabolites, and intestinal AhR signaling deficiency might reflect the damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier in IgAN patients. In addition, we found that high levels of Gd-IgA1, IL-22, and TNF-α were associated with the activity of the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway, as well as lower levels of 3-indolepropionic acid. 3-indolepropionic acid, kynurenine, and indoleacrylic acid had synergistic effects on regulating immuno-inflammatory responses in IgAN patients. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic characteristic of fatty acids and tryptophan in the intestinal system is disturbed in IgAN patients, leading to active immune-inflammatory reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medicine Nephrology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manhua Yun
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- The Second People's Hospital of Lianping County, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoxing Huang
- The Second People's Hospital of Lianping County, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Yun
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oberlin S, Nkiliza A, Parks M, Evans JE, Klimas N, Keegan AP, Sullivan K, Krengel MH, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Sex-specific differences in plasma lipid profiles are associated with Gulf War Illness. J Transl Med 2022; 20:73. [PMID: 35123492 PMCID: PMC8817550 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly 250,000 veterans from the 1990–1991 Gulf War have Gulf War Illness (GWI), a condition with heterogeneous pathobiology that remains difficult to diagnose. As such, availability of blood biomarkers that reflect the underlying biology of GWI would help clinicians provide appropriate care to ill veterans. In this study, we measured blood lipids to examine the influence of sex on the association between blood lipids and GWI diagnosis. Methods Plasma lipid extracts from GWI (n = 100) and control (n = 45) participants were subjected to reversed-phase nano-flow liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Results An influence of sex and GWI case status on plasma neutral lipid and phospholipid species was observed. Among male participants, triglycerides, diglycerides, and phosphatidylcholines were increased while cholesterol esters were decreased in GWI cases compared to controls. In female participants, ceramides were increased in GWI cases compared to controls. Among male participants, unsaturated triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine and diglycerides were increased while unsaturated cholesterol esters were lower in GWI cases compared to controls. The ratio of arachidonic acid- to docosahexaenoic acid-containing triglyceride species was increased in female and male GWI cases as compared to their sex-matched controls. Conclusion Differential modulation of neutral lipids and ratios of arachidonic acid to docosahexaenoic acid in male veterans with GWI suggest metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. Increases in ceramides among female veterans with GWI also suggest activation of inflammatory pathways. Future research should characterize how these lipids and their associated pathways relate to GWI pathology to identify biomarkers of the disorder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03272-3.
Collapse
|
25
|
Tamburini B, La Manna MP, La Barbera L, Mohammadnezhad L, Badami GD, Shekarkar Azgomi M, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Immunity and Nutrition: The Right Balance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030455. [PMID: 35159265 PMCID: PMC8834599 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an increasingly urgent medical problem that strongly impairs quality of life for patients. A global rise in incidence has been observed over the last few decades, with the highest incidence rates recorded in North America and Europe. Still, an increased incidence has been reported in the last ten years in newly industrialized countries in Asia, including China and India, both with more than one billion inhabitants. These data underline that IBD is an urgent global health problem. In addition, it is estimated that between 20% and 30% of IBD patients will develop colorectal cancer (CRC) within their lifetime and CRC mortality is approximately 50% amongst IBD patients. Although the exact etiology of IBD is still being defined, it is thought to be due to a complex interaction between many factors, including defects in the innate and adaptive immune system; microbial dysbiosis, i.e., abnormal levels of, or abnormal response to, the gastrointestinal microbiome; a genetic predisposition; and several environmental factors. At present, however, it is not fully understood which of these factors are the initiators of inflammation and which are compounders. The purpose of this review is to analyze the complex balance that exists between these elements to maintain intestinal homeostasis and prevent IBD or limit adverse effects on people’s health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartolo Tamburini
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (L.M.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.A.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Pio La Manna
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (L.M.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.A.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lidia La Barbera
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, 2, 90110 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Leila Mohammadnezhad
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (L.M.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.A.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusto Davide Badami
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (L.M.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.A.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (L.M.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.A.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (L.M.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.A.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (L.M.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.A.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A novel graph mining approach to predict and evaluate food-drug interactions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1061. [PMID: 35058561 PMCID: PMC8776972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-drug interactions (FDIs) arise when nutritional dietary consumption regulates biochemical mechanisms involved in drug metabolism. This study proposes FDMine, a novel systematic framework that models the FDI problem as a homogenous graph. Our dataset consists of 788 unique approved small molecule drugs with metabolism-related drug-drug interactions and 320 unique food items, composed of 563 unique compounds. The potential number of interactions is 87,192 and 92,143 for disjoint and joint versions of the graph. We defined several similarity subnetworks comprising food-drug similarity, drug-drug similarity, and food-food similarity networks. A unique part of the graph involves encoding the food composition as a set of nodes and calculating a content contribution score. To predict new FDIs, we considered several link prediction algorithms and various performance metrics, including the precision@top (top 1%, 2%, and 5%) of the newly predicted links. The shortest path-based method has achieved a precision of 84%, 60% and 40% for the top 1%, 2% and 5% of FDIs identified, respectively. We validated the top FDIs predicted using FDMine to demonstrate its applicability, and we relate therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects of food items informed by FDIs. FDMine is publicly available to support clinicians and researchers.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang W, Liu H, Xu L, Yu T, Zhao X, Yao S, Zhao Q, Barnes S, Cohn SM, Dann SM, Zhang H, Zuo X, Li Y, Cong Y. GPR120 Inhibits Colitis Through Regulation of CD4 + T Cell Interleukin 10 Production. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:150-165. [PMID: 34536451 PMCID: PMC8678294 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 120 has been implicated in regulating metabolic syndromes with anti-inflammatory function. However, the role of GPR120 in intestinal inflammation is unknown. Here, we investigated whether and how GPR120 regulates CD4+ T cell function to inhibit colitis development. METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model, Citrobacter rodentium infection model, and CD4+ T cell adoptive transfer model were used to analyze the role of GPR120 in regulating colitis development. The effect of GPR120 on CD4+ T cell functions was analyzed by RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and Seahorse metabolic assays. Mice were administered GPR120 agonist for investigating the potential of GPR120 agonist in preventing and treating colitis. RESULTS Deficiency of GPR120 in CD4+ T cells resulted in more severe colitis in mice upon dextran sodium sulfate insult and enteric infection. Transfer of GPR120-deficient CD4+CD45Rbhi T cells induced more severe colitis in Rag-/- mice with lower intestinal interleukin (IL) 10+CD4+ T cells. Treatment with the GPR120 agonist CpdA promoted CD4+ T cell production of IL10 by up-regulating Blimp1 and enhancing glycolysis, which was regulated by mTOR. GPR120 agonist-treated wild-type, but not IL10-deficient and Blimp1-deficient, T helper 1 cells induced less severe colitis. Furthermore, oral administration of GPR120 agonist protected mice from intestinal inflammation in both prevention and treatment schemes. Gpr120 expression was positively correlated with Il10 expression in the human colonic mucosa, including patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the role of GPR120 in regulating intestinal CD4+ T cell production of IL10 to inhibit colitis development, which identifies GPR120 as a potential therapeutic target for treating inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Leiqi Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianming Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | - Sean Barnes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Steven M Cohn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Sara M Dann
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuli Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Role of Phytoconstituents as PPAR Agonists: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121914. [PMID: 34944727 PMCID: PMC8698906 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, and PPAR-β/δ) are ligand-dependent nuclear receptors that play a critical role in the regulation of hundreds of genes through their activation. Their expression and targeted activation play an important role in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, diabetes, and cancer. In recent years, several reviews have been published describing the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists (natural or synthetic) in the disorders listed above; however, no comprehensive report defining the role of naturally derived phytoconstituents as PPAR agonists targeting neurodegenerative diseases has been published. This review will focus on the role of phytoconstituents as PPAR agonists and the relevant preclinical studies and mechanistic insights into their neuroprotective effects. Exemplary research includes flavonoids, fatty acids, cannabinoids, curcumin, genistein, capsaicin, and piperine, all of which have been shown to be PPAR agonists either directly or indirectly. Additionally, a few studies have demonstrated the use of clinical samples in in vitro investigations. The role of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a potential model for studying neurodegenerative diseases has also been highlighted.
Collapse
|
29
|
Olave CJ, Ivester KM, Couëtil LL, Franco-Marmolejo J, Mukhopadhyay A, Robinson JP, Park JH. Effects of forages, dust exposure and proresolving lipids on airway inflammation in horses. Am J Vet Res 2021; 83:153-161. [PMID: 34843444 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.08.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3)-derived proresolving lipid mediators (PRLM) in the resolution of mild airway inflammation in horses. ANIMALS 20 horses with mild airway inflammation. PROCEDURES Horses previously eating hay were fed hay pellets (low Ω-3 content; n = 10) or haylage (high Ω-3 content; 9) for 6 weeks. Dust exposure was measured in the breathing zone with a real-time particulate monitor. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at baseline, week 3, and week 6. The effect of PRLM on neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis was examined in vitro. BAL fluid inflammatory cell proportions, apoptosis of circulating neutrophils, efferocytosis displayed by alveolar macrophages, and plasma lipid concentrations were compared between groups fed low and high amounts of Ω-3 by use of repeated measures of generalized linear models. RESULTS Dust exposure was significantly higher with hay feeding, compared to haylage and pellets, and equivalent between haylage and pellets. BAL fluid neutrophil proportions decreased significantly in horses fed haylage (baseline, 11.8 ± 2.4%; week 6, 2.5 ± 1.1%) but not pellets (baseline, 12.1 ± 2.3%; week 6, 8.5% ± 1.7%). At week 6, horses eating haylage had significantly lower BAL neutrophil proportions than those eating pellets, and a significantly lower concentration of stearic acid than at baseline. PRLM treatments did not affect neutrophil apoptosis or efferocytosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Despite similar reduction in dust exposure, horses fed haylage displayed greater resolution of airway inflammation than those fed pellets. This improvement was not associated with increased plasma Ω-3 concentrations. Feeding haylage improves airway inflammation beyond that due to reduced dust exposure, though the mechanism remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Olave
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kathleen M Ivester
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Laurent L Couëtil
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - J Paul Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jae H Park
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Naghshi S, Aune D, Beyene J, Mobarak S, Asadi M, Sadeghi O. Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ 2021; 375:n2213. [PMID: 34645650 PMCID: PMC8513503 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to 30 April 2021. STUDY SELECTION Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from all causes, CVD, and cancer. DATA SYNTHESIS Summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the highest versus lowest categories of ALA intake using random effects and fixed effects models. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted to assess the dose-response associations between ALA intake and mortality. RESULTS 41 articles from prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, totalling 1 197 564 participants. During follow-up ranging from two to 32 years, 198 113 deaths from all causes, 62 773 from CVD, and 65 954 from cancer were recorded. High intake of ALA compared with low intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of deaths from all causes (pooled relative risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.97, I2=77.8%, 15 studies), CVD (0.92, 0.86 to 0.99, I2=48.2%, n=16), and coronary heart disease (CHD) (0.89, 0.81 to 0.97, I2=5.6%, n=9), and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality (1.06, 1.02 to 1.11, I2=3.8%, n=10). In the dose-response analysis, a 1 g/day increase in ALA intake (equivalent to one tablespoon of canola oil or 0.5 ounces of walnut) was associated with a 5% lower risk of all cause (0.95, 0.91 to 0.99, I2=76.2%, n=12) and CVD mortality (0.95, 0.91 to 0.98, I2=30.7%, n=14). The pooled relative risks for the highest compared with lowest tissue levels of ALA indicated a significant inverse association with all cause mortality (0.95, 0.90 to 0.99, I2=8.2%, n=26). Also, based on the dose-response analysis, each 1 standard deviation increment in blood concentrations of ALA was associated with a lower risk of CHD mortality (0.92, 0.86 to 0.98, I2=37.1%, n=14). CONCLUSIONS The findings show that dietary ALA intake is associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and CHD, and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality, whereas higher blood levels of ALA are associated with a reduced risk of all cause and CHD mortality only. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021229487.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Naghshi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Mobarak
- Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Asadi
- Department of Operating Room Nursing, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abrahamsen F, Reddy G, Abebe W, Gurung N. Effect of Varying Levels of Hempseed Meal Supplementation on Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses of Goats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102764. [PMID: 34679786 PMCID: PMC8532981 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels of hempseed meal supplementation on antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, as well as the expression of some of the important immunoregulatory cytokines. Treatments consisted of hempseed meal supplementation at 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30% of the total diet. Goats were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments n = 10. Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated on day 59 of the feeding period by measuring skinfold thickness at 24 h following intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin. A significant increase in skinfold thickness was observed with increasing levels of supplementation as compared to that of the control group. Serum antibody titers to chicken ovalbumin were not significantly different between treatment groups. Cytokine concentrations of IL-6 increased linearly with increasing level of supplementation (p < 0.05), contrarily to the linear decrease that was observed for TNF-α (p < 0.05). Although IL-2 tended to increase with the 10 and 30% levels of supplementation (p < 0.07), the result was not significant, and no significant differences were obtained with respect to IL-4 concentrations. Cytokine gene expression values measured by RT-PCR, however, demonstrated some significant differences. HSM supplementation had no significant effect on the expression of IL-2 or IL-6. However, significant differences were observed with the 30% supplementation for IL-4 and TNF-α as compared to that of the control group (p < 0.05). IL-4 was down regulated for the 10 and 20% treatment groups but was upregulated for the 30% treatment group. TNF-α was downregulated in the 10% but upregulated for the 20 and 30% treatment groups. No significant differences were observed for the serum cortisol concentration or white blood cell counts. These results suggested that hempseed meal supplementation may improve cell-mediated immune response while having no effect on antibody-mediated immune response. However, more research needs to be conducted to determine the most efficacious inclusion rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Abrahamsen
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| | - Gopal Reddy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (N.G.)
| | - Woubit Abebe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| | - Nar Gurung
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (N.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Altaie AM, Venkatachalam T, Samaranayake LP, Soliman SSM, Hamoudi R. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals the Microenvironment of Common T-Helper Cells and Differential Immune Cells Linked to Unique Periapical Lesions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707267. [PMID: 34539639 PMCID: PMC8446658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical abscesses, radicular cysts, and periapical granulomas are the most frequently identified pathological lesions in the alveolar bone. While little is known about the initiation and progression of these conditions, the metabolic environment and the related immunological behaviors were examined for the first time to model the development of each pathological condition. Metabolites were extracted from each lesion and profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in comparison with healthy pulp tissue. The metabolites were clustered and linked to their related immune cell fractions. Clusters I and J in the periapical abscess upregulated the expression of MMP-9, IL-8, CYP4F3, and VEGF, while clusters L and M were related to lipophagy and apoptosis in radicular cyst, and cluster P in periapical granuloma, which contains L-(+)-lactic acid and ethylene glycol, was related to granuloma formation. Oleic acid, 17-octadecynoic acid, 1-nonadecene, and L-(+)-lactic acid were significantly the highest unique metabolites in healthy pulp tissue, periapical abscess, radicular cyst, and periapical granuloma, respectively. The correlated enriched metabolic pathways were identified, and the related active genes were predicted. Glutamatergic synapse (16–20),-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, lipophagy, and retinoid X receptor coupled with vitamin D receptor were the most significantly enriched pathways in healthy control, abscess, cyst, and granuloma, respectively. Compared with the healthy control, significant upregulation in the gene expression of CYP4F3, VEGF, IL-8, TLR2 (P < 0.0001), and MMP-9 (P < 0.001) was found in the abscesses. While IL-12A was significantly upregulated in cysts (P < 0.01), IL-17A represents the highest significantly upregulated gene in granulomas (P < 0.0001). From the predicted active genes, CIBERSORT suggested the presence of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in different proportions. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms related to IL-10, IL-12A, and IL-17D genes were shown to be associated with periapical lesions and other oral lesions. Collectively, the unique metabolism and related immune response shape up an environment that initiates and maintains the existence and progression of these oral lesions, suggesting an important role in diagnosis and effective targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lakshman P Samaranayake
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tessitore M, Sorrentino E, Schiano Di Cola G, Colucci A, Vajro P, Mandato C. Malnutrition in Pediatric Chronic Cholestatic Disease: An Up-to-Date Overview. Nutrients 2021; 13:2785. [PMID: 34444944 PMCID: PMC8400766 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, the causes of and effective therapies for pediatric chronic cholestatic diseases remain elusive, and many patients progress to liver failure and need liver transplantation. Malnutrition is a common complication in these patients and is a well-recognized, tremendous challenge for the clinician. We undertook a narrative review of both recent and relevant older literature, published during the last 20 years, for studies linking nutrition to pediatric chronic cholestasis. The collected data confirm that malnutrition and failure to thrive are associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality, and they also affect the outcomes of liver transplantation, including long-term survival. Malnutrition in children with chronic liver disease is multifactorial and with multiple potential nutritional deficiencies. To improve life expectancy and the quality of life, patients require careful assessments and appropriate management of their nutritional statuses by multidisciplinary teams, which can identify and/or prevent specific deficiencies and initiate appropriate interventions. Solutions available for the clinical management of these children in general, as well as those directed to specific etiologies, are summarized. We particularly focus on fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and malnutrition due to fat malabsorption. Supplemental feeding, including medium-chain triglycerides, essential fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and the extra calories needed to overcome the consequences of anorexia and high energy requirements, is reviewed. Future studies should address the need for further improving commercially available and nutritionally complete infant milk formulae for the dietary management of this fragile category of patients. The aid of a specialist dietitian, educational training regarding nutritional guidelines for stakeholders, and improving family nutritional health literacy appear essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tessitore
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Chair of Pediatrics and Residency Program of Pediatrics, Via S. Allende, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (M.T.); (E.S.); (G.S.D.C.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Eduardo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Chair of Pediatrics and Residency Program of Pediatrics, Via S. Allende, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (M.T.); (E.S.); (G.S.D.C.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Schiano Di Cola
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Chair of Pediatrics and Residency Program of Pediatrics, Via S. Allende, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (M.T.); (E.S.); (G.S.D.C.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Angelo Colucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Chair of Pediatrics and Residency Program of Pediatrics, Via S. Allende, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (M.T.); (E.S.); (G.S.D.C.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Chair of Pediatrics and Residency Program of Pediatrics, Via S. Allende, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (M.T.); (E.S.); (G.S.D.C.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Claudia Mandato
- Department of Pediatrics, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital Via M. Fiore, 80129 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Bone Mineral Density in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072361. [PMID: 34371870 PMCID: PMC8308635 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients are at high risk of progressive bone loss and low-energy fractures in the years following transplantation. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation may have beneficial effects on bone strength. The Omega-3 fatty acids in Renal Transplantation (ORENTRA) trial was an investigator initiated, randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of marine n-3 PUFA supplementation after kidney transplantation. Effects of supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) and calcium metabolism were pre-defined secondary endpoints. Adult kidney transplant recipients (n = 132) were randomized to 2.6 g marine n-3 PUFA supplement or olive oil (control) from 8 to 52 weeks post-transplant. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to assess changes in bone mineral density of hip, spine, and forearm, as well as trabecular bone score (TBS) of the lumbar spine. Student's t test was used to assess between-group differences. There were no differences in ΔBMD between the two groups (intervention vs. control) at lumbar spine (-0.020 ± 0.08 vs. -0.007 ± 0.07 g/cm², p = 0.34), total hip (0.001 ± 0.03 vs. -0.005 ± 0.04, p = 0.38), or other skeletal sites in the intention-to-treat analyses. There was no difference in the change in TBS score (0.001 ± 0.096 vs. 0.009 ± 0.102, p = 0.62). Finally, no effect on biochemical parameters of mineral metabolism was seen. Results were similar when analyzed per protocol. In conclusion, we found no significant effect of 44 weeks of supplementation with 2.6 g of marine n-3 PUFA on BMD in kidney transplant recipients.
Collapse
|
35
|
Chu X, Zhang B, Koeken VACM, Gupta MK, Li Y. Multi-Omics Approaches in Immunological Research. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668045. [PMID: 34177908 PMCID: PMC8226116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a vital role in health and disease, and is regulated through a complex interactive network of many different immune cells and mediators. To understand the complexity of the immune system, we propose to apply a multi-omics approach in immunological research. This review provides a complete overview of available methodological approaches for the different omics data layers relevant for immunological research, including genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and cellomics. Thereafter, we describe the various methods for data analysis as well as how to integrate different layers of omics data. Finally, we discuss the possible applications of multi-omics studies and opportunities they provide for understanding the complex regulatory networks as well as immune variation in various immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerie A. C. M. Koeken
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tourkochristou E, Triantos C, Mouzaki A. The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665968. [PMID: 34135894 PMCID: PMC8201077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Through food intake, humans obtain a variety of nutrients that are essential for growth, cellular function, tissue development, energy, and immune defense. A special interaction between nutrients and gut-associated lymphoid tissue occurs in the intestinal tract. Enterocytes of the intestinal barrier act as sensors for antigens from nutrients and the intestinal microbiota, which they deliver to the underlying immune system of the lamina propria, triggering an immune response. Studies investigating the mechanism of influence of nutrition on immunological outcomes have highlighted an important role of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, probiotics) in modulating immune homeostasis. Nutrients exert their role in innate immunity and inflammation by regulating the expression of TLRs, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus interfering with immune cell crosstalk and signaling. Chemical substrates derived from nutrient metabolism may act as cofactors or blockers of enzymatic activity, influencing molecular pathways and chemical reactions associated with microbial killing, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Immune cell function appears to be influenced by certain nutrients that form parts of the cell membrane structure and are involved in energy production and prevention of cytotoxicity. Nutrients also contribute to the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses by modulating B and T lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation and activation, and antibody production. The purpose of this review is to present the available data from the field of nutritional immunology to elucidate the complex and dynamic relationship between nutrients and the immune system, the delineation of which will lead to optimized nutritional regimens for disease prevention and patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oral Signals of Short and Long Chain Fatty Acids: Parallel Taste Pathways to Identify Microbes and Triglycerides. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 20:126-133. [PMID: 33738372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Both short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) rely on free fatty acid receptors to signal their presence to the body, but their individual detection and putative reward systems are different. These separate, yet parallel, taste signaling pathways allow us to distinguish microbe-produced from triglyceride-based fatty acids. Free SCFAs indicate that the food has been fermented and may still contain living, probiotic microbes that can colonize the gut. Free LCFAs indicate the presence of calorie-rich triglycerides in foods. By contrast, LCFAs stimulate endocannabinoids, which reinforce overconsumption of triglycerides. Here we examine the separate oral detection and putative reward systems for both LCFA and SCFAs, and introduce a novel dietary LC:SC ratio as a guideline to improve metabolism and health.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ueda M, Maeda MJ, Burke FM, Hegele RA, Gleghorn EE, Rader DJ, Malloy MJ. Successful Nutritional Intervention for an Infant with Abetalipoproteinemia: A Novel Modular Formula (AbetaMF). JPGN REPORTS 2021; 2:e049. [PMID: 37206948 PMCID: PMC10191596 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Ueda
- From the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Frances M. Burke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Department of Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth E. Gleghorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- From the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary J. Malloy
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mendivil CO. Dietary Fish, Fish Nutrients, and Immune Function: A Review. Front Nutr 2021; 7:617652. [PMID: 33553231 PMCID: PMC7855848 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.617652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits have a major impact on the development and function of the immune system. This impact is mediated both by the intrinsic nutritional and biochemical qualities of the diet, and by its influence on the intestinal microbiota. Fish as a food is rich in compounds with immunoregulatory properties, among them omega-3 fatty acids, melatonin, tryptophan, taurine and polyamines. In addition, regular fish consumption favors the proliferation of beneficial members of the intestinal microbiota, like short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. By substituting arachidonic acid in the eicosanoid biosynthesis pathway, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids from fish change the type of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes being produced, resulting in anti-inflammatory properties. Further, they also are substrates for the production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) (resolvins, protectins, and maresins), lipid compounds that constitute the physiological feedback signal to stop inflammation and give way to tissue reparation. Evidence from human observational and interventional studies shows that regular fish consumption is associated with reduced incidence of chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, and that continuous infusion of fish oil to tube-fed, critically ill patients may improve important outcomes in the ICU. There is also evidence from animal models showing that larger systemic concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids may counter the pathophysiological cascade that leads to psoriasis. The knowledge gained over the last few decades merits future exploration of the potential role of fish and its components in other conditions characterized by deregulated activation of immune cells and a cytokine storm like viral sepsis or COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Mendivil
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Insights for the Valorization of Biomass from Portuguese Invasive Acacia spp. in a Biorefinery Perspective. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acacia spp. are widespread all over the Portuguese territory, representing a threat to local biodiversity and to the productivity of the forest sector. The measures adopted in some countries for their eradication or to control their propagation are expensive, have been considered unfeasible from practical and economical perspectives, and have generated large amounts of residue that must be valorized in a sustainable way. This review brings together information on the valorization of bark, wood, leaves, flowers, pods, seeds, roots, and exudates from Acacia spp., through the production of high-value bioactive extracts (e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, anthelmintic, or pesticidal agents, suitable to be explored by pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics, and food and feed industries), its incorporation in innovative materials (e.g., polymers and composites, nanomaterials, low-cost adsorbents), as well as through the application of advanced thermochemical processes (e.g., flash pyrolysis) and pre-treatments to decompose biomass in its structural components, regarding the production of biofuels along with valuable chemicals derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The knowledge of this research is important to encourage an efficient and sustainable valorization of Acacia spp. within a biorefinery concept, which can bring a significant economic return from the valorization of these residues, simultaneously contributing to forest cleaning and management, to reduce the risk of fires, and to improve the social-economic development of rural areas.
Collapse
|
41
|
Sahin E, Orhan C, Uckun FM, Sahin K. Clinical Impact Potential of Supplemental Nutrients as Adjuncts of Therapy in High-Risk COVID-19 for Obese Patients. Front Nutr 2020; 7:580504. [PMID: 33195370 PMCID: PMC7642511 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.580504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 caused a major global pandemic and continues to be an unresolved global health crisis. The supportive care interventions for reducing the severity of symptoms along with participation in clinical trials of investigational treatments are the mainstay of COVID-19 management because there is no effective standard therapy for COVID-19. The comorbidity of COVID-19 rises in obese patients. Micronutrients may boost the host immunity against viral infections, including COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the clinical impact potential of supplemental nutrients as adjuncts of therapy in high-risk COVID-19 for obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Sahin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fatih M. Uckun
- COVID-19 Task Force, Reven Pharmaceuticals, Golden, CO, United States
- Department of Developmental Therapeutics, Immunology and Integrative Medicine, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Galimberti A, Cena H, Campone L, Ferri E, Dell'Agli M, Sangiovanni E, Belingheri M, Riva MA, Casiraghi M, Labra M. Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Nutr 2020; 7:569542. [PMID: 33134308 PMCID: PMC7578405 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.569542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is literally changing the world. From December 2019 to date, more than 22 million cases have been reported worldwide and global health institutions are acting to slow down the virus transmission and are looking for possible prevention strategies in case of a new outbreak. As in other endemic or pandemic phenomena, the issues mostly covered by scientific and media attention are related to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of COVID-19. However, a still neglected issue regards the adoption of a more systemic approach considering the close connection among the infection, the environment, and human behaviors, including the role of diet and urban management. To shed light on this issue, we brought together a faculty group involving experts in environment and biodiversity, food safety, human nutrition, and behavior, bioprospecting, as well as medical doctors having a deep knowledge of the complex historical relationship between humanity and vector-borne infections. Two main aspects emerged from the integrative overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic: (i) the scientific community should start sharing social actions and policy advocacy based on the assumption that human health strongly depends upon a sustainable exploitation of natural resources in populated areas; (ii) the specific strategic role of the cities in developing sustainable food systems and promoting healthy dietary patterns. Definitely, some priority issues should be addressed to achieve these goals, such as global efforts to increase food safety and security, which would benefit from urban and peri-urban agriculture enhancement, smallholder food producers support, and ecosystem services and local biodiversity maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galimberti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Ferri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Belingheri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Casiraghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Al-Khalaifah H. Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:569939. [PMID: 33195556 PMCID: PMC7536543 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.569939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have shown substantial importance in human and animal nutrition, especially those of the n-3 group. Development and optimal functioning of the immune system are directed affected by diet. These dietary fatty acids have an important impact on the health and immune competence of various species including human beings. They are essential for the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Fatty acid composition of immune cells can be modulated by the action of dietary fats and the outcomes in the composition can produce functional effects on reactivity and functioning of immune cells in a short period. There are several mechanisms involved in impacting dietary fatty acids on immune function; however, lipid mediator synthesis from PUFAs is of great importance in terms of inflammation. The objectives of this article are reviewing studies on the impact of PUFA in the diet on phagocytosis of chickens, murine, rats, ruminants, and humans. It also sheds light on the possible mechanism by which this immunomodulation occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chaari A, Bendriss G, Zakaria D, McVeigh C. Importance of Dietary Changes During the Coronavirus Pandemic: How to Upgrade Your Immune Response. Front Public Health 2020; 8:476. [PMID: 32984253 PMCID: PMC7481450 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus pandemic continues to spread causing further public health, social, and economic issues. The disparities in the rates of death between countries poses questions about the importance of lifestyle habits and the immune status of populations. An exploration of dietary habits and COVID-19-related death might unravel associations between these two variables. Indeed, while both nutritional excess and deficiency are associated with immunodeficiency, adequate nutrition leading to an optimally functioning immune system may be associated with better outcomes with regards to preventing infection and complications of COVID-19, as well as developing a better immune response to other pathogenic viruses and microorganisms. This article outlines the key functions of the immune system and how macronutrients, micronutrients, and metabolites from the gut microbiome can be essential in the development of an efficient immune system. In addition, the effects of intermittent fasting on the inflammatory state as well as metabolic parameters will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chaari
- Premedical Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Di Sotto A, Vitalone A, Di Giacomo S. Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E468. [PMID: 32842641 PMCID: PMC7563161 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulators are agents able to affect the immune system, by boosting the immune defences to improve the body reaction against infectious or exogenous injuries, or suppressing the abnormal immune response occurring in immune disorders. Moreover, immunoadjuvants can support immune system acting on nonimmune targets, thus improving the immune response. The modulation of inflammatory pathways and microbiome can also contribute to control the immune function. Some plant-based nutraceuticals have been studied as possible immunomodulating agents due to their multiple and pleiotropic effects. Being usually more tolerable than pharmacological treatments, their adjuvant contribution is approached as a desirable nutraceutical strategy. In the present review, the up to date knowledge about the immunomodulating properties of polysaccharides, fatty acids and labdane diterpenes have been analyzed, in order to give scientific basic and clinical evidence to support their practical use. Since promising evidence in preclinical studies, limited and sometimes confusing results have been highlighted in clinical trials, likely due to low methodological quality and lacking standardization. More investigations of high quality and specificity are required to describe in depth the usefulness of these plant-derived nutraceuticals in the immune system modulation, for health promoting and disease preventing purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Platelet Responses in Cardiovascular Disease: Sex-Related Differences in Nutritional and Pharmacological Interventions. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:2342837. [PMID: 32547635 PMCID: PMC7273457 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2342837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the biggest causes of death globally, and their prevalence, aetiology, and outcome are related to genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, among which sex- and age-dependent differences may play a key role. Among CVD risk factors, platelet hyperactivity deserves particular mention, as it is involved in the pathophysiology of main cardiovascular events (including stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral vascular injury) and is closely related to sex/age differences. Several determinants (e.g., hormonal status and traditional cardiovascular risk factors), together with platelet-related factors (e.g., plasma membrane composition, receptor signaling, and platelet-derived microparticles) can elucidate sex-related disparity in platelet functionality and CVD onset and outcome, especially in relation to efficacy of current primary and secondary interventional strategies. Here, we examined the state of the art concerning sex differences in platelet biology and their relationship with specific cardiovascular events and responses to common antiplatelet therapies. Moreover, as healthy nutrition is widely recognized to play a key role in CVD, we also focused our attention on specific dietary components (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids and flavonoids) and patterns (such as Mediterranean diet), which also emerged to impact platelet functions in a sex-dependent manner. These results highlight that full understanding of gender-related differences will be useful for designing personalized strategies, in order to prevent and/or treat platelet-mediated vascular damage.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lipid mediators and asthma: Scope of therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 179:113925. [PMID: 32217103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and their mediators are known to play a pro-inflammatory role in several human diseases including asthma. The influence of leukotrienes and prostaglandins through arachidonate metabolism in asthma pathophysiology is well established and hence, prompted the way for therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolites. In addition, various types of fatty acids have been reported to play a diverse role in asthma. For instance, CD4+ T-lymphocytes differentiation towards T-effector (Teff) or T-regulatory (Tregs) cells seems to be controlled reciprocally by fatty acid metabolic pathways. Further, the dysregulated lipid status in obesity complicates the asthma manifestations suggesting the role of lipid metabolites particularly ω-6 fatty acids in the process. On the other hand, clinical and pre-clinical studies suggests the role of short chain fatty acids in curbing asthma through upregulation of T-regulatory cells or clearance of inflammatory cells through promoting apoptosis. Accordingly, the present review compiles various studies for comprehensive analysis of different types of lipid based metabolites in asthma manifestation. Finally, we have proposed certain strategies which may enhance the usefulness of lipid mediators for balanced immune response during asthma.
Collapse
|