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Letsiou E, Dudek SM. Natural Killer Cell Ligands: Another Source of Heterogeneity in Acute Lung Injury Pathophysiology? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:8-10. [PMID: 38099728 PMCID: PMC10870881 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202311-2033ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Department of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago Chicago, Illinois
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Samuelson D, Villageliu D, Cunningham K, Smith D, Knoell D, Mandolfo M, Wyatt T. Regulation of Natural Killer Cell TGF-β and AhR Signaling Pathways Via the Intestinal Microbiota is Critical for Host Defense Against Alcohol-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3328953. [PMID: 37886455 PMCID: PMC10602187 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3328953/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is an independent risk factor for the development of bacterial pneumonia due, in part, to impaired mucus-facilitated clearance, macrophage phagocytosis, and recruitment of neutrophils. Alcohol consumption is also known to reduce peripheral natural killer (NK) cell numbers and compromises NK cell cytolytic activity, especially NK cells with a mature phenotype. However, the role of innate lymphocytes, such as NK cells during host defense against alcohol-associated bacterial pneumonia is essentially unknown. We have previously shown that indole supplementation mitigates increases in pulmonary bacterial burden and improves pulmonary NK cell recruitment in alcohol-fed mice, which were dependent of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling. Employing a binge-on-chronic alcohol-feeding model we sought to define the role and interaction of indole and NK cells during pulmonary host defense against alcohol-associated pneumonia. We demonstrate that alcohol dysregulates NK cell effector function and pulmonary recruitment via alterations in two key signaling pathways. We found that alcohol increases transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, while suppressing AhR signaling. We further demonstrated that NK cells isolated from alcohol-fed mice have a reduced ability to kill Klebsiella pneumoniae. NK cell migratory capacity to chemokines was also significantly altered by alcohol, as NK cells isolated from alcohol-fed mice exhibited preferential migration in response to CXCR3 chemokines but exhibited reduced migration in response to CCR2, CXCR4, and CX3CR1 chemokines. Together this data suggests that alcohol disrupts NK cell specific TGF-β and AhR signaling pathways leading to decreased pulmonary recruitment and cytolytic activity thereby increasing susceptibility to alcohol-associated bacterial pneumonia.
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Lee MH, Kim BR, Seo H, Oh J, Kim HL, Kim BJ. Live Mycobacterium paragordonae induces heterologous immunity of natural killer cells by eliciting type I interferons from dendritic cells via STING-dependent sensing of cyclic-di-GMP. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105144. [PMID: 37120009 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the heterologous effects of vaccines is a feasible strategy to combat different pathogens. These effects have been explained by enhanced immune responses of innate immune cells. Mycobacterium paragordonae is a rare nontuberculosis mycobacterium that has temperature-sensitive properties. Although natural killer (NK) cells exhibit heterologous immunity features, the cellular crosstalk between NK cells and dendritic cells (DCs) during live mycobacterial infection has remained elusive. We show that live but not dead M. paragordonae enhances heterologous immunity against unrelated pathogens in NK cells by IFN-β of DCs in both mouse models and primary human immune cells. C-di-GMP from live M. paragordonae acted as a viability-associated pathogen-associated molecular pattern (Vita-PAMP), leading to STING-dependent type I IFN production in DCs via the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway. Also, increased cytosolic 2'3'-cGAMP by cGAS can induce type I IFN response in DCs by live M. paragordonae infection. We found that DC-derived IFN-β plays a pivotal role in NK cell activation by live M. paragordonae infection, showing NK cell-mediated nonspecific protective effects against Candida albicans infection in a mouse model. Our findings indicate that the heterologous effect of live M. paragordonae vaccination is mediated by NK cells based on the crosstalk between DCs and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejun Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Liver Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Tong R, Ding X, Liu F, Li H, Liu H, Song H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu S, Sun T. Classification of subtypes and identification of dysregulated genes in sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1226159. [PMID: 37671148 PMCID: PMC10475835 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1226159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a clinical syndrome with high mortality. Subtype identification in sepsis is meaningful for improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients. The purpose of this research was to identify subtypes of sepsis using RNA-seq datasets and further explore key genes that were deregulated during the development of sepsis. Methods The datasets GSE95233 and GSE13904 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential analysis of the gene expression matrix was performed between sepsis patients and healthy controls. Intersection analysis of differentially expressed genes was applied to identify common differentially expressed genes for enrichment analysis and gene set variation analysis. Obvious differential pathways between sepsis patients and healthy controls were identified, as were developmental stages during sepsis. Then, key dysregulated genes were revealed by short time-series analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model. In addition, the MCPcounter package was used to assess infiltrating immunocytes. Finally, the dysregulated genes identified were verified using 69 clinical samples. Results A total of 898 common differentially expressed genes were obtained, which were chiefly related to increased metabolic responses and decreased immune responses. The two differential pathways (angiogenesis and myc targets v2) were screened on the basis of gene set variation analysis scores. Four subgroups were identified according to median expression of angiogenesis and myc target v2 genes: normal, myc target v2, mixed-quiescent, and angiogenesis. The genes CHPT1, CPEB4, DNAJC3, MAFG, NARF, SNX3, S100A9, S100A12, and METTL9 were recognized as being progressively dysregulated in sepsis. Furthermore, most types of immune cells showed low infiltration in sepsis patients and had a significant correlation with the key genes. Importantly, all nine key genes were highly expressed in sepsis patients. Conclusion This study revealed novel insight into sepsis subtypes and identified nine dysregulated genes associated with immune status in the development of sepsis. This study provides potential molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tong
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xianfei Ding
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Heng Song
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuze Wang
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hamad AS, Edward EA, Sheta E, Aboushleib HM, Bahey-El-Din M. Iron Acquisition Proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as Potential Vaccine Targets: In Silico Analysis and In Vivo Evaluation of Protective Efficacy of the Hemophore HasAp. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010028. [PMID: 36679873 PMCID: PMC9864456 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for fatal nosocomial infections worldwide. Iron is essential for Gram-negative bacteria to establish an infection. Therefore, iron acquisition proteins (IAPs) of bacteria are attractive vaccine targets. METHODOLOGY A "Reverse Vaccinology" approach was employed in the current study. Expression levels of 37 IAPs in various types of PA infections were analyzed in seven previously published studies. The IAP vaccine candidate was selected based on multiple criteria, including a high level of expression, high antigenicity, solubility, and conservation among PA strains, utilizing suitable bioinformatics analysis tools. The selected IAP candidate was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using metal affinity chromatography. It was further evaluated in vivo for protection efficacy. The novel immune adjuvant, naloxone (NAL), was used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION HasAp antigen met all the in silico selection criteria, being highly antigenic, soluble, and conserved. In addition, it was the most highly expressed IAP in terms of average fold change compared to control. Although HasAp did excel in the in silico evaluation, subcutaneous immunization with recombinant HasAp alone or recombinant HasAp plus NAL (HasAP-NAL) did not provide the expected protection compared to controls. Immunized mice showed a low IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, indicating a T-helper type 2 (Th2)-oriented immune response that is suboptimal for protection against PA infections. Surprisingly, the bacterial count in livers of both NAL- and HasAp-NAL-immunized mice was significantly lower than the count in the HasAp and saline groups. The same trend was observed in kidneys and lungs obtained from these groups, although the difference was not significant. Such protection could be attributed to the enhancement of innate immunity by NAL. CONCLUSIONS We provided a detailed in silico analysis of IAPs of PA followed by in vivo evaluation of the best IAP, HasAp. Despite the promising in silico results, HasAp did not provide the anticipated vaccine efficacy. HasAp should be further evaluated as a vaccine candidate through varying the immunization regimens, models of infection, and immunoadjuvants. Combination with other IAPs might also improve vaccination efficacy. We also shed light on several highly expressed promising IAPs whose efficacy as vaccine candidates is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman S. Hamad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 25435, Egypt
| | - Eva A. Edward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 25435, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21131, Egypt
| | - Hamida M. Aboushleib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 25435, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Bahey-El-Din
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 25435, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Moni SS, Al Basheer A. Molecular targets for cystic fibrosis and therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1736-1747. [PMID: 36601503 PMCID: PMC9805982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that affects the exocrine glands and is caused by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) mutations. Lung disease is the leading cause of morbidity in patients. Target-specific treatment of CF has been achieved using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The purpose of this article is to discuss the possibility of treating CF with mAbs through their significant target specificity. We searched electronic databases in Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar from 1984 to 2021. We discussed the critical role of targeted therapy in cystic fibrosis, as it will be more effective at suppressing the molecular networks. After conducting a critical review of the available literature, we concluded that it is critical to understand the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying CF prior to incorporating biologics into the therapy regimen. Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Benralizumab, Dupilumab and KB001-A have been successfully screened for asthma-complicated CF, and their efficacies have been well reported. Despite the availability of effective targeted biologics, treating CF has remained a difficult task, particularly when it comes to reduction of secondary inflammatory mediators. This review emphasizes the overall views on CF, the immunological mechanism of CF, and the prospective therapeutic use of mAbs as potential targeted biologics for enhancing the overall status of human health.
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7
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Changes in immune function and immunomodulatory treatments of septic patients. Clin Immunol 2022; 239:109040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zheng X, Guo J, Cao C, Qin T, Zhao Y, Song X, Lv M, Hu L, Zhang L, Zhou D, Fang T, Yang W. Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis of Lungs From Mice Infected With Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae via Aerosolized Intratracheal Inoculation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:833080. [PMID: 35573776 PMCID: PMC9097095 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.833080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) can cause life-threatening community-acquired infections among healthy young individuals and is thus of concern for global dissemination. In this study, a mouse model of acute primary hvKp pneumonia was established via aerosolized intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation, laying the foundation for conducting extensive studies related to hvKp. Subsequently, a time-course transcriptional profile was created of the lungs from the mouse model at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 60 hours post-infection (hpi) using RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq). RNA-Seq data were analyzed with the use of Mfuzz time clustering, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Immune Cell Abundance Identifier for mouse (ImmuCellAI-mouse). A gradual change in the transcriptional profile of the lungs was observed that reflected expected disease progression. At 12 hpi, genes related to acute phase inflammatory response increased in expression and lipid metabolism appeared to have a pro-inflammatory effect. At 24 hpi, exacerbation of inflammation was observed and active IFN-γ suggested that signaling promoted activation and recruitment of macrophages occurred. Genes related to maintaining the structural integrity of lung tissues showed a sustained decrease in expression after infection and the decrease was especially marked at 48 hpi. TNF, IL-17, MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways may play key roles in the immunopathogenesis mechanism at all stages of infection. Natural killer (NK) cells consistently decreased in abundance after infection, which has rarely been reported in hvKp infection and could provide a new target for treatment. Genes Saa1 and Slpi were significantly upregulated during infection. Both Saa1, which is associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that elicits host inflammatory response, and Slpi, which encodes an antimicrobial protein, have not previously been reported in hvKp infections and could be important targets for subsequent studies. To t our knowledge, this paper represents the first study to investigate the pulmonary transcriptional response to hvKp infection. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hvKp pulmonary infection that can contribute to the development of therapies to reduce hvKp pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianshu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tongyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tongyu Fang, ; Wenhui Yang,
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tongyu Fang, ; Wenhui Yang,
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9
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Feehan DD, Jamil K, Polyak MJ, Ogbomo H, Hasell M, LI SS, Xiang RF, Parkins M, Trapani JA, Harrison JJ, Mody CH. Natural killer cells kill extracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa using contact-dependent release of granzymes B and H. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010325. [PMID: 35202434 PMCID: PMC8903247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that often infects individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis, and contributes to airway blockage and loss of lung function. Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic, granular lymphocytes that are part of the innate immune system. NK cell secretory granules contain the cytolytic proteins granulysin, perforin and granzymes. In addition to their cytotoxic effects on cancer and virally infected cells, NK cells have been shown to play a role in an innate defense against microbes, including bacteria. However, it is not known if NK cells kill extracellular P. aeruginosa or how bacterial killing might occur at the molecular level. Here we show that NK cells directly kill extracellular P. aeruginosa using NK effector molecules. Live cell imaging of a co-culture of YT cells, a human NK cell line, and GFP-expressing P. aeruginosa in the presence of the viability dye propidium iodide demonstrated that YT cell killing of P. aeruginosa is contact-dependent. CRISPR knockout of granulysin or perforin in YT cells had no significant effect on YT cell killing of P. aeruginosa. Pre-treatment of YT and NK cells with the serine protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) to inhibit all granzymes, resulted in an inhibition of killing. Although singular CRISPR knockout of granzyme B or H had no effect, knockout of both in YT cells completely abrogated killing of P. aeruginosa in comparison to wild type YT cell controls. Nitrocefin assays suggest that the bacterial membrane is damaged. Inhibition of killing by antioxidants suggest that ROS are required for the bactericidal mode-of-action. Taken together, these results identify that NK cells kill P. aeruginosa through a membrane damaging, contact-dependent process that requires granzyme induced ROS production, and moreover, that granzyme B and H are redundant in this killing process. Natural Killer (NK) cells comprise at least 10% of the resident lymphocytes in the lung and are increasingly recognized as an important part of the immune response to bacterial pathogens. Despite invivo studies demonstrating the importance of NK cells in the host response to the respiratory pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the mechanism of antimicrobial activity has yet to be found. Using human NK cell lines and NK cells isolated from human peripheral blood, we show that NK cells exhibit direct, contact-dependent cytotoxicity against P. aeruginosa, leading to bacterial cell death. NK cells use granzyme B and H to damage bacterial membranes and permeabilize the cells. We provide evidence that this leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the bacteria that kills them. Furthermore, granzyme function appears to be redundant because loss of function by one granzyme is rescued by the activity of the other. These findings identify a role for granzymes in the antibacterial functions of NK cells, providing new insight into the host response to P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Feehan
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khusraw Jamil
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria J. Polyak
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Henry Ogbomo
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mark Hasell
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shu Shun LI
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard F. Xiang
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Parkins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph A. Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joe J. Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher H. Mody
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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10
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Tanno H, Kanno E, Sato S, Asao Y, Shimono M, Kurosaka S, Oikawa Y, Ishi S, Shoji M, Sato K, Kasamatsu J, Miyasaka T, Yamamoto H, Ishii K, Imai Y, Tachi M, Kawakami K. Contribution of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells to the Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Skin Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3931. [PMID: 33920301 PMCID: PMC8070359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections are considered one of the most severe problems in skin wounds, and bacteria are present in over 90% of chronic wounds. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently isolated from chronic wounds and is thought to be a cause of delayed wound healing. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, unique lymphocytes with a potent regulatory ability in various inflammatory responses, accelerate the wound healing process. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of iNKT cells in the host defense against P. aeruginosa inoculation at the wound sites. We analyzed the re-epithelialization, bacterial load, accumulation of leukocytes, and production of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. In iNKT cell-deficient (Jα18KO) mice, re-epithelialization was significantly decreased, and the number of live colonies was significantly increased, when compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice on day 7. IL-17A, and IL-22 production was significantly lower in Jα18KO mice than in WT mice on day 5. Furthermore, the administration of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a specific activator of iNKT cells, led to enhanced host protection, as shown by reduced bacterial load, and to increased production of IL-22, IL-23, and S100A9 compared that of with WT mice. These results suggest that iNKT cells promote P. aeruginosa clearance during skin wound healing.
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Grants
- a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (19H03918), The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- a Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research (17K19710) The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (17K17393) the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (19K19494) The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (E.K.); (S.S.); (Y.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (E.K.); (S.S.); (Y.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Suzuna Sato
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (E.K.); (S.S.); (Y.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Yu Asao
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (E.K.); (S.S.); (Y.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Mizuki Shimono
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (E.K.); (S.S.); (Y.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Shiho Kurosaka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.K.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Yukari Oikawa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Shinyo Ishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.K.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Miki Shoji
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.K.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Ko Sato
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jun Kasamatsu
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan;
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8518, Japan;
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Yoshimichi Imai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.K.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Masahiro Tachi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.K.); (S.I.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.I.); (K.K.)
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.S.); (J.K.)
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11
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Calabrese DR, Aminian E, Mallavia B, Liu F, Cleary SJ, Aguilar OA, Wang P, Singer JP, Hays SR, Golden JA, Kukreja J, Dugger D, Nakamura M, Lanier LL, Looney MR, Greenland JR. Natural killer cells activated through NKG2D mediate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137047. [PMID: 33290276 PMCID: PMC7852842 DOI: 10.1172/jci137047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a clinical syndrome of acute lung injury that occurs after lung transplantation or remote organ ischemia. IRI causes early mortality and has no effective therapies. While NK cells are innate lymphocytes capable of recognizing injured cells, their roles in acute lung injury are incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrated that NK cells were increased in frequency and cytotoxicity in 2 different IRI mouse models. We showed that NK cells trafficked to the lung tissue from peripheral reservoirs and were more mature within lung tissue. Acute lung ischemia-reperfusion injury was blunted in a NK cell-deficient mouse strain but restored with adoptive transfer of NK cells. Mechanistically, NK cell NKG2D receptor ligands were induced on lung endothelial and epithelial cells following IRI, and antibody-mediated NK cell depletion or NKG2D stress receptor blockade abrogated acute lung injury. In human lung tissue, NK cells were increased at sites of ischemia-reperfusion injury and activated NK cells were increased in prospectively collected human bronchoalveolar lavage in subjects with severe IRI. These data support a causal role for recipient peripheral NK cells in pulmonary IRI via NK cell NKG2D receptor ligation. Therapies targeting NK cells may hold promise in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily Aminian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Benat Mallavia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Fengchun Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Simon J. Cleary
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Oscar A. Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan P. Singer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven R. Hays
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey A. Golden
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jasleen Kukreja
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel Dugger
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Mary Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Lewis L. Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark R. Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John R. Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
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12
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection Impairs NKG2D-Dependent NK Cell Cytotoxicity through Regulatory T-Cell Activation. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00363-20. [PMID: 32928966 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00363-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in both antibacterial and antitumor immunity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection has already been reported to alter NK cell functions. We studied in vitro the effect of P. aeruginosa on NK cell cytotoxic response (CD107a membrane expression) to a lymphoma cell line. Through positive and negative cell sorting and adoptive transfer, we determined the influence of monocytes, lymphocytes, and regulatory T cells (Treg) on NK cell function during P. aeruginosa infection. We also studied the role of the activating receptor natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) in NK cell response to B221. We determined that P. aeruginosa significantly altered both cytotoxic response to B221 and NKG2D expression on NK cells in a Treg-dependent manner and that the NKG2D receptor was involved in NK cell cytotoxic response to B221. Our results also suggested that during P. aeruginosa infection, monocytes participated in Treg-mediated NK cell alteration. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa infection impairs NK cell cytotoxicity and alters antitumor immunity. These results highlight the strong interaction between bacterial infection and immunity against cancer.
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13
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Jia R, Cui K, Li Z, Gao Y, Zhang B, Wang Z, Cui J. NK cell-derived exosomes improved lung injury in mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:50. [PMID: 33096976 PMCID: PMC10717361 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most common bacteria that causes lung infection in hospital. The aim of our study is to explore the role and action mechanism of NK cells in lung PA infection. METHODS In this present study, 2.5 × 108 CFU/mouse PA was injected into murine trachea to make lung PA infection mouse model. Anti-asialo GM1 was used to inhibit NK cell. The percentage of NK cells was ensured by flow cytometry, and the M1- and M2-polarized macrophages were determined by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and ELISA assay. Besides, H&E staining was performed to ensure the pathological changes in lung tissues. Transmission electron microscopy and western blot were carried out to identify the exosome. RESULTS Here, in the mouse model of PA lung infection, NK cell depletion caused M2 polarization of lung macrophage, and exacerbated PA-induced lung injury. Next, our data shown that M2 macrophage polarization was enhanced when the generation of NK cell-derived exosome was blocked in the co-culture system of NK cells and macrophages. Subsequently, we demonstrated that NK cells promoted M1 macrophage polarization both in PA-infected macrophage and the mouse model of PA lung infection, and attenuated lung injury through exosome. CONCLUSION Overall, our data proved that NK cell may improve PA-induced lung injury through promoting M1 lung macrophage polarization by secreting exosome. Our results provide a new idea for the treatment of PA lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Jia
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Kuili Cui
- Tuberculosis Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhenkui Li
- Tuberculosis Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Tuberculosis Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Bianfang Zhang
- Tuberculosis Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhixia Wang
- Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Junwei Cui
- Tuberculosis Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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14
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Theresine M, Patil ND, Zimmer J. Airway Natural Killer Cells and Bacteria in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585048. [PMID: 33101315 PMCID: PMC7546320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity and mostly studied for their important roles in viral infections and malignant tumors. They can kill diseased cells and produce cytokines and chemokines, thereby shaping the adaptive immune response. Nowadays, NK cells are considered as a strong weapon for cancer immunotherapy and can for example be transduced to express tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptors or harnessed with therapeutic antibodies such as the so-called NK engagers. Whereas a large body of literature exists about the antiviral and antitumoral properties of NK cells, their potential role in bacterial infections is not that well delineated. Furthermore, NK cells are much more heterogeneous than previously thought and have tissue-characteristic features and phenotypes. This review gives an overview of airway NK cells and their position within the immunological army dressed against bacterial infections in the upper and predominantly the lower respiratory tracts. Whereas it appears that in several infections, NK cells play a non-redundant and protective role, they can likewise act as rather detrimental. The use of mouse models and the difficulty of access to human airway tissues for ethical reasons might partly explain the divergent results. However, new methods are appearing that are likely to reduce the heterogeneity between studies and to give a more coherent picture in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Theresine
- CG I Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Neha D Patil
- CG I Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- CG I Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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15
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Tozatto-Maio K, Girot R, Ly ID, Silva Pinto AC, Rocha V, Fernandes F, Diagne I, Benzerara Y, Dinardo CL, Soler JP, Kashima S, Araujo IL, Kenzey C, Fonseca GHH, Rodrigues ES, Volt F, Jarduli L, Ruggeri A, Mariaselvam C, Gualandro SFM, Rafii H, Cappelli B, Nogueira FM, Scigliuolo GM, Guerino-Cunha RL, Malmegrim KCR, Simões BP, Gluckman E, Tamouza R. Polymorphisms in Inflammatory Genes Modulate Clinical Complications in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2041. [PMID: 33013863 PMCID: PMC7510050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common monogenic disease worldwide, is marked by a phenotypic variability that is, to date, only partially understood. Because inflammation plays a major role in SCD pathophysiology, we hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes encoding functionally important inflammatory proteins might modulate the occurrence of SCD complications. We assessed the association between 20 SNPs in genes encoding Toll-like receptors (TLR), NK cell receptors (NKG), histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA), major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and the occurrence of six SCD clinical complications (stroke, acute chest syndrome (ACS), leg ulcers, cholelithiasis, osteonecrosis, or retinopathy). This study was performed in a cohort of 500 patients. We found that the TLR2 rs4696480 TA, TLR2 rs3804099 CC, and HLA-G, rs9380142 AA genotypes were more frequent in patients who had fewer complications. Also, in logistic regression, the HLA-G rs9380142 G allele increased the risk of cholelithiasis (AG vs. AA, OR 1.57, 95%CI 1.16-2.15; GG vs. AA, OR 2.47, 95%CI 1.34-4.64; P = 0.02). For SNPs located in the NKG2D loci, in logistic regression, the A allele in three SNPs was associated with a lower frequency of retinopathy, namely, rs2246809 (AA vs. GG: OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.09-0.50; AG vs. GG: OR 0.47, 95%CI 0.31-0.71; P = 0.004, for patients of same origin), rs2617160 (AT vs. TT: OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.48-0.92; AA vs. TT: OR 0.45, 95%CI 0.23-0.84; P = 0.04), and rs2617169 (AA vs. TT: OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.13-0.82; AT vs. TT: OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.36-0.91, P = 0.049, in patients of same SCD genotype). These results, by uncovering susceptibility to, or protection against SCD complications, might contribute to a better understanding of the inflammatory pathways involved in SCD manifestations and to pave the way for the discovery of biomarkers that predict disease severity, which would improve SCD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Tozatto-Maio
- Eurocord, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Monacord, International Observatory on Sickle Cell Disease, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco.,Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Indou Deme Ly
- National Children Hospital Center Albert Royer, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ana Cristina Silva Pinto
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Fernandes
- Instituto de Matematica e Estatistica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ibrahima Diagne
- National Children Hospital Center Albert Royer, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Yahia Benzerara
- Département de Bactériologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Hôpitaux de l'Est parisien, Paris, France
| | - Carla L Dinardo
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Pavan Soler
- Instituto de Matematica e Estatistica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Chantal Kenzey
- Eurocord, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Monacord, International Observatory on Sickle Cell Disease, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Guilherme H H Fonseca
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandra S Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Volt
- Eurocord, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Monacord, International Observatory on Sickle Cell Disease, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Luciana Jarduli
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Annalisa Ruggeri
- Eurocord, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party, The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Paris, France
| | | | - Sandra F M Gualandro
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanadi Rafii
- Eurocord, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Monacord, International Observatory on Sickle Cell Disease, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Barbara Cappelli
- Eurocord, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Monacord, International Observatory on Sickle Cell Disease, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Felipe Melo Nogueira
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziana Maria Scigliuolo
- Eurocord, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Monacord, International Observatory on Sickle Cell Disease, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Renato Luiz Guerino-Cunha
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Belinda P Simões
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliane Gluckman
- Eurocord, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Monacord, International Observatory on Sickle Cell Disease, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
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16
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Mice Lacking γδ T Cells Exhibit Impaired Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection and Excessive Production of Inflammatory Cytokines. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00171-20. [PMID: 32229615 PMCID: PMC7240087 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00171-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic and life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. A better understanding of the role that innate immunity plays in the control of P. aeruginosa infection is crucial for therapeutic development. Specifically, the role of unconventional immune cells like γδ T cells in the clearance of P. aeruginosa lung infection is not yet well characterized. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic and life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. A better understanding of the role that innate immunity plays in the control of P. aeruginosa infection is crucial for therapeutic development. Specifically, the role of unconventional immune cells like γδ T cells in the clearance of P. aeruginosa lung infection is not yet well characterized. In this study, the role of γδ T cells was examined in an acute mouse model of P. aeruginosa lung infection. In the absence of γδ T cells, mice displayed impaired bacterial clearance and decreased survival, outcomes which were associated with delayed neutrophil recruitment and impaired recruitment of other immune cells (macrophages, T cells, natural killer cells, and natural killer T [NKT] cells) into the airways. Despite reduced NKT cell recruitment in the airways of mice lacking γδ T cells, NKT cell-deficient mice exhibited wild-type level control of P. aeruginosa infection. Proinflammatory cytokines were also altered in γδ T cell-deficient mice, with increased production of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor. γδ T cells did not appear to contribute significantly to the production of interleukin-17A or the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2. Importantly, host survival could be improved by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor signaling with the soluble receptor construct etanercept in γδ cell-deficient mice. These findings demonstrate that γδ T cells play a protective role in coordinating the host response to P. aeruginosa lung infection, both in contributing to early immune cell recruitment and by limiting inflammation.
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17
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Kaya E, Grassi L, Benedetti A, Maisetta G, Pileggi C, Di Luca M, Batoni G, Esin S. In vitro Interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms With Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:187. [PMID: 32432053 PMCID: PMC7216684 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immune cell response against bacterial biofilms is a crucial, but still poorly investigated area of research. Herein, we aim to establish an in vitro host cell-biofilm interaction model suitable to investigate the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. P. aeruginosa biofilms were obtained by incubating bacteria in complete RPMI 1640 medium with 10% human plasma for 24 h. PBMC obtained from healthy donors were added to preformed P. aeruginosa biofilms. Following a further 24 h incubation, we assessed (i) PBMC viability and activation; (ii) cytokine profiles in the supernatants; and (iii) CFU counts of biofilm forming bacteria. Cell-death was <10% upon 24 h incubation of PBMC with P. aeruginosa biofilms. PBMC incubated for 24 h with preformed P. aeruginosa biofilms were significantly more activated compared to PBMC incubated alone. Interestingly, a marked activation of CD56+CD3− natural killer (NK) cells was observed that reached 60% of NK cells as an average of different donors. In the culture supernatants of PBMC co-cultured with P. aeruginosa biofilms, not only pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α) but also anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were significantly increased as compared to PBMC incubated alone. Furthermore, incubation of biofilms with PBMC, caused a statistically significant increase in the CFU number of P. aeruginosa, as compared to biofilms incubated without PBMC. In order to assess whether PBMC products could stimulate the growth of P. aeruginosa biofilms, we incubated preformed P. aeruginosa biofilms with or without supernatants obtained from the co-cultures of PBMC with biofilms. In the presence of the supernatants, the CFU count of biofilm-derived P. aeruginosa, was two to seven times higher than those of biofilms incubated without supernatants (P < 0.01). Overall, the results obtained shed light on the reciprocal interaction between human PBMC and P. aeruginosa biofilms. P. aeruginosa biofilms induced PBMC activation and cytokine secretion but, in turn, the presence of PBMC and/or PBMC-derived components enhanced the number of P. aeruginosa biofilm associated bacteria. This may indicate a successful bacterial defensive/persistence strategy against immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esingül Kaya
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Grassi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Benedetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pileggi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Biology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Cai Y, Dai Y, Wang Y, Yang Q, Guo J, Wei C, Chen W, Huang H, Zhu J, Zhang C, Zheng W, Wen Z, Liu H, Zhang M, Xing S, Jin Q, Feng CG, Chen X. Single-cell transcriptomics of blood reveals a natural killer cell subset depletion in tuberculosis. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102686. [PMID: 32114394 PMCID: PMC7047188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a critical global health problem, which killed millions of lives each year. Certain circulating cell subsets are thought to differentially modulate the host immune response towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, but the nature and function of these subsets is unclear. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy controls (HC), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB) and then subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) using 10 × Genomics platform. Unsupervised clustering of the cells based on the gene expression profiles using the Seurat package and passed to tSNE for clustering visualization. Flow cytometry was used to validate the subsets identified by scRNA-Seq. Findings Cluster analysis based on differential gene expression revealed both known and novel markers for all main PBMC cell types and delineated 29 cell subsets. By comparing the scRNA-seq datasets from HC, LTBI and TB, we found that infection changes the frequency of immune-cell subsets in TB. Specifically, we observed gradual depletion of a natural killer (NK) cell subset (CD3-CD7+GZMB+) from HC, to LTBI and TB. We further verified that the depletion of CD3-CD7+GZMB+ subset in TB and found an increase in this subset frequency after anti-TB treatment. Finally, we confirmed that changes in this subset frequency can distinguish patients with TB from LTBI and HC. Interpretation We propose that the frequency of CD3-CD7+GZMB+ in peripheral blood could be used as a novel biomarker for distinguishing TB from LTBI and HC. Fund The study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (81770013, 81525016, 81772145, 81871255 and 91942315), National Science and Technology Major Project (2017ZX10201301), Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen (JCYJ20170412101048337) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases (2019B030301009). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Youchao Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China; Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yejun Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qianqing Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiubiao Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Cailing Wei
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huanping Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jialou Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Weidong Zheng
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhihua Wen
- Yuebei Second People's Hospital, Shaoguan 512000, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shaojun Xing
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qi Jin
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Carl G Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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19
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Sweere JM, Ishak H, Sunkari V, Bach MS, Manasherob R, Yadava K, Ruppert SM, Sen CK, Balaji S, Keswani SG, Secor PR, Bollyky PL. The Immune Response to Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection in Immunocompetent Mice. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:35-47. [PMID: 31903297 PMCID: PMC6940591 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our goal was to develop a chronic wound model in mice that avoids implantation of foreign material or impaired immunity and to use this to characterize the local and systemic immune response associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Approach: We generated bilateral full-thickness dermal wounds in healthy 10-12-week-old C57Bl6 mice. We waited 24 h to inoculate the developing wound eschar at these sites. We performed careful titration experiments with luminescent strains of P. aeruginosa to identify bacterial inoculation concentrations that consistently established stable infections in these animals. We performed flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping of immune cell infiltrates at the wound site, spleen, and draining lymph nodes over time. Finally, we compared inflammatory responses seen in wound inoculation with planktonic bacteria, preformed biofilm, and heat-killed (HK) P. aeruginosa. Results: Using this delayed inoculation model and 7.5 ± 2.5 × 102 CFU/mL of PAO1 we consistently established stable infections that lasted at 10 days in duration. During early infection, we detected a strong upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration at the wound site, while natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) were reduced. At the systemic level, only plasmacytoid DCs were increased early in infection. During later stages, there was systemic upregulation of B cells, T cells, and macrophages, whereas NK cells and interferon killer DCs were reduced. Infections with P. aeruginosa biofilms were not more virulent than infections with planktonic P. aeruginosa, whereas treatment with HK P. aeruginosa only induces a short-term inflammatory state. Innovation: We describe a versatile wound model of chronic P. aeruginosa infection that lasts 10 days without causing sepsis or other excessive morbidity. Conclusion: This model may facilitate the study of chronic wound infections in immunocompetent mice. Our findings also highlight the induction of early innate immune cell populations during P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Sweere
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Heather Ishak
- Department of Neurology, Palo Alto Veterans Institute of Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Vivekananda Sunkari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michelle S. Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Robert Manasherob
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Koshika Yadava
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon M. Ruppert
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick R. Secor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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20
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Rosa CP, Pereira JA, Cristina de Melo Santos N, Brancaglion GA, Silva EN, Tagliati CA, Novaes RD, Corsetti PP, de Almeida LA. Vancomycin-induced gut dysbiosis during Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection in a mice model. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:95-104. [PMID: 31682032 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ab0919-432r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens causing respiratory infections in hospitals. Vancomycin, the antimicrobial agent usually used to treat bacterial nosocomial infections, is associated with gut dysbiosis. As a lung-gut immunologic axis has been described, this study aimed to evaluate both the immunologic and histopathologic effects on the lungs and the large intestine resulting from vancomycin-induced gut dysbiosis in the P. aeruginosa pneumonia murine model. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that vancomycin-induced gut dysbiosis resulted in higher Proteobacteria and lower Bacteroidetes populations in feces. Given that gut dysbiosis could augment the proinflammatory status of the intestines leading to a variety of acute inflammatory diseases, bone marrow-derived macrophages were stimulated with cecal content from dysbiotic mice showing a higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and lower expression of IL-10. Dysbiotic mice showed higher levels of viable bacteria in the lungs and spleen when acutely infected with P. aeruginosa, with more lung and cecal damage and increased IL-10 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage. The susceptible and tissue damage phenotype was reversed when dysbiotic mice received fecal microbiota transplantation. In spite of higher recruitment of CD11b+ cells in the lungs, there was no higher CD80+ expression, DC+ cell amounts or proinflammatory cytokine expression. Taken together, our results indicate that the bacterial community found in vancomycin-induced dysbiosis dysregulates the gut inflammatory status, influencing the lung-gut immunologic axis to favor increased opportunistic infections, for example, by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Pupin Rosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Assis Pereira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Evandro Neves Silva
- Laboratory of Infectious and Chronic Diseases (LIDIC), José do Rosário Vellano University, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Tagliati
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LabTox), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Paiva Corsetti
- Laboratory of Infectious and Chronic Diseases (LIDIC), José do Rosário Vellano University, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Cao C, Yu M, Chai Y. Pathological alteration and therapeutic implications of sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:782. [PMID: 31611560 PMCID: PMC6791888 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by dysregulated host response to infection that leads to uncontrolled inflammatory response followed by immunosuppression. However, despite the high mortality rate, no specific treatment modality or drugs with high efficacy is available for sepsis to date. Although improved treatment strategies have increased the survival rate during the initial state of excessive inflammatory response, recent trends in sepsis show that mortality occurs at a period of continuous immunosuppressive state in which patients succumb to secondary infections within a few weeks or months due to post-sepsis “immune paralysis.” Immune cell alteration induced by uncontrolled apoptosis has been considered a major cause of significant immunosuppression. Particularly, apoptosis of lymphocytes, including innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells, is associated with a higher risk of secondary infections and poor outcomes. Multiple postmortem studies have confirmed that sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis occurs in all age groups, including neonates, pediatric, and adult patients, and it is considered to be a primary contributing factor to the immunosuppressive pathophysiology of sepsis. Therapeutic perspectives targeting apoptosis through various strategies could improve survival in sepsis. In this review article, we will focus on describing the major apoptosis process of immune cells with respect to physiologic and molecular mechanisms. Further, advances in apoptosis-targeted treatment modalities for sepsis will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Muming Yu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfen Chai
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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22
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El-Deeb NM, El-Adawi HI, El-Wahab AEA, Haddad AM, El Enshasy HA, He YW, Davis KR. Modulation of NKG2D, KIR2DL and Cytokine Production by Pleurotus ostreatus Glucan Enhances Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity Toward Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:165. [PMID: 31457012 PMCID: PMC6700253 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms have been used for centuries against cancer and infectious diseases. These positive biological effects of mushrooms are due in part to the indirect action of stimulating immune cells. The objective of the current study is to investigate the possible immunomodulatory effects of mushroom polysaccharides on NK cells against different cancer cells. In this current study, fruiting bodies isolated from cultured Pleurotus ostreatus were extracted and partially purified using DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. The activation action of the collected fractions on Natural Killer cells was quantified against three different cancer cell lines in the presence or absence of human recombinant IL2 using three different activation and co-culture conditions. The possible modes of action of mushroom polysaccharides against cancer cells were evaluated at the cellular and molecular levels. Our results indicate that P. ostreatus polysaccharides induced NK-cells cytotoxic effects against lung and breast cancer cells with the largest effect being against breast cancer cells (81.2%). NK cells activation for cytokine secretion was associated with upregulation of KIR2DL genes while the cytotoxic activation effect of NK cells against cancer cells correlated with NKG2D upregulation and induction of IFNγ and NO production. These cytotoxic effects were enhanced in the presence of IL2. Analysis of the most active partially purified fraction indicates that it is predominantly composed of glucans. These results indicate bioactive 6-linked glucans present in P. ostreatus extracts activate NK-cell cytotoxicity via regulation of activation and induction of IFNγ and NO. These studies establish a positive role for bioactive P. ostreatus polysaccharides in NK-cells activation and induction of an innate immune response against breast and lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M El-Deeb
- Biopharmaceutical Product Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Hala I El-Adawi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
| | - Abeer E Abd El-Wahab
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Haddad
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Keith R Davis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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23
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Lutz P, Jeffery HC, Jones N, Birtwistle J, Kramer B, Nattermann J, Spengler U, Strassburg CP, Adams DH, Oo YH. NK Cells in Ascites From Liver Disease Patients Display a Particular Phenotype and Take Part in Antibacterial Immune Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1838. [PMID: 31440239 PMCID: PMC6694841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) are frequent complications of liver cirrhosis. In spite of the clinical impact, knowledge about ascites as an immune cell compartment in liver disease is limited. Therefore, we analyzed NK cells in blood, ascites, and liver. Methods: Mononuclear cells from blood, ascites, and liver explants of patients with advanced liver disease were extracted by density gradient centrifugation. Phenotyping and analysis of functional responses were carried out using flow cytometry. Migratory potential was investigated with transwell chamber assays. NK cell metabolism was assessed by Seahorse technology. Results: NK cell frequency was increased in uninfected ascites compared to blood, but not to liver. Ascites NK cells were predominantly CD16positive. CD56bright ascites NK cells did not share the typical phenotype of their liver counterparts. In contrast to the inhibitory receptor NKG2A, expression of the activating receptor NKG2D was decreased on ascites and liver CD16positive NK cells. Ascites NK cells expressed higher levels of CXCR3 than blood or liver NK cells, corresponding to increased ascites levels of CXCL10. Blood NK cells migrated toward ascites. Stimulation of mononuclear cells with Escherichia coli led to downregulation of NKG2D expression and IL-12 and IL-18 mediated secretion of interferon-γ by ascites and liver, but not blood NK cells. In-vivo, ascites NK cells expressed higher levels of the activation marker CD69 and lower levels of NKG2D during SBP compared to uninfected ascites. Conclusion: Ascites NK cells display a particular phenotype and are implicated in local immune defense against translocating bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lutz
- National Institute of Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit Birmingham, Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannah C. Jeffery
- National Institute of Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit Birmingham, Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Birtwistle
- Human Biomaterial Resource Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian P. Strassburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David H. Adams
- National Institute of Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit Birmingham, Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ye H. Oo
- National Institute of Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit Birmingham, Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Cong J, Wei H. Natural Killer Cells in the Lungs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1416. [PMID: 31293580 PMCID: PMC6603080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs, a special site that is frequently challenged by tumors, pathogens and other environmental insults, are populated by large numbers of innate immune cells. Among these, natural killer (NK) cells are gaining increasing attention. Recent studies have revealed that NK cells are heterogeneous populations consisting of distinct subpopulations with diverse characteristics, some of which are determined by their local tissue microenvironment. Most current information about NK cells comes from studies of NK cells from the peripheral blood of humans and NK cells from the spleen and bone marrow of mice. However, the functions and phenotypes of lung NK cells differ from those of NK cells in other tissues. Here, we provide an overview of human and mouse lung NK cells in the context of homeostasis, pathogenic infections, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, mainly focusing on their phenotype, function, frequency, and their potential role in pathogenesis or immune defense. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of NK cells in the lungs will aid the development of NK cell-based immunotherapies for the treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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25
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Stehle C, Hernández DC, Romagnani C. Innate lymphoid cells in lung infection and immunity. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:102-119. [PMID: 30294964 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as key mediators of protection and repair of mucosal surfaces during infection. The lung, a dynamic mucosal tissue that is exposed to a plethora of microbes, is a playground for respiratory infection-causing pathogens which are not only a major cause of fatalities worldwide, but are also associated with comorbidities and decreased quality of life. The lung provides a rich microenvironment to study ILCs in the context of innate protection mechanisms within the airways, unraveling their distinct functions not only in health but also in disease. In this review, we discuss how pulmonary ILCs play a role in protection against viral, parasitic, bacterial, and fungal challenge, along with the mechanisms underlying this ILC-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stehle
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Calabrese DR, Lanier LL, Greenland JR. Natural killer cells in lung transplantation. Thorax 2018; 74:397-404. [PMID: 30381399 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have been increasingly recognised as important in lung allograft tolerance and immune defence. These cells evolved to recognise alterations in self through a diverse set of germline-encoded activating and inhibitory receptors and display a broad range of effector functions that play important roles in responding to infections, malignancies and allogeneic tissue. Here, we review NK cells, their diverse receptors and the mechanisms through which NK cells are postulated to mediate important lung transplant clinical outcomes. NK cells can promote tolerance, such as through the depletion of donor antigen-presenting cells. Alternatively, these cells can drive rejection through cytotoxic effects on allograft tissue recognised as 'non-self' or 'stressed', via killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) or NKG2D receptor ligation, respectively. NK cells likely mediate complement-independent antibody-mediated rejection of allografts though CD16A Fc receptor-dependent activation induced by graft-specific antibodies. Finally, NK cells play an important role in response to infections, particularly by mediating cytomegalovirus infection through the CD94/NKG2C receptor. Despite these sometimes-conflicting effects on allograft function, enumeration of NK cells may have an important role in diagnosing allograft dysfunction. While the effects of immunosuppression agents on NK cells may currently be largely unintentional, further understanding of NK cell biology in lung allograft recipients may allow these cells to serve as biomarkers of graft injury and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
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27
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Yue L, Pang Z, Li H, Yang T, Guo L, Liu L, Mei J, Song X, Xie T, Zhang Y, He X, Lin TJ, Xie Z. CXCL4 contributes to host defense against acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205521. [PMID: 30296305 PMCID: PMC6175521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been implicated in pulmonary inflammation following exposure to bacterial stimuli. The mechanisms involved in the platelet-mediated host response to respiratory bacterial infection remain incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that platelet-derived chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) plays critical roles in a mouse model of acute bacterial pneumonia using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Platelets are activated during P. aeruginosa infection, and mice depleted of platelets display markedly increased mortality and impaired bacterial clearance. CXCL4 deficiency impairs bacterial clearance and lung epithelial permeability, which correlate with decreased neutrophil recruitment to BALF. Interestingly, CXCL4 deficiency selectively regulates chemokine production, suggesting that CXCL4 has an impact on other chemokine expression. In addition, CXCL4 deficiency reduces platelet-neutrophil interactions in blood following P. aeruginosa infection. Further studies revealed that platelet-derived CXCL4 contributes to the P. aeruginosa-killing of neutrophils. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that CXCL4 is a vital chemokine that plays critical roles in bacterial clearance during P. aeruginosa infection through recruiting neutrophils to the lungs and intracellular bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hua Li
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Guo
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Longding Liu
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junjie Mei
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xia Song
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin He
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail: (ZX); (TJL)
| | - Zhongping Xie
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (TJL)
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Zou Y, Luo W, Guo J, Luo Q, Deng M, Lu Z, Fang Y, Zhang CC. NK cell-mediated anti-leukemia cytotoxicity is enhanced using a NKG2D ligand MICA and anti-CD20 scfv chimeric protein. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1750-1763. [PMID: 30063799 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are important innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that have potential in treatment of leukemia. Engagement of NKG2D receptor on NK cells enhances the target cytotoxicity. Here, we produced a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the NKG2D ligand MICA and the anti-CD20 single-chain variable fragment (scfv). This recombinant protein is capable of binding both NK cells and CD20+ tumor cells. Using a human NKG2D reporter cell system we developed, we showed that this fusion protein could decorate CD20+ tumor cells with MICA extracellular domain and activate NK through NKG2D. We further demonstrated that this protein could specifically induce the ability of a NK cell line (NKL) and primary NK cells to lyse CD20+ leukemia cells. Moreover, we found that downregulation of surface HLA class I expression in the target cells improved NKL-mediated killing. Our results demonstrated that this recombinant protein specifically lyses leukemia cells by NK cells, which may lead to development of a novel strategy for treating leukemia and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weiguang Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qizhi Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
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Lemire P, Galbas T, Thibodeau J, Segura M. Natural Killer Cell Functions during the Innate Immune Response to Pathogenic Streptococci. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1196. [PMID: 28706510 PMCID: PMC5489694 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and NK cells play a crucial role in the first phase of host defense against infections. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Streptococcus suis are encapsulated streptococci causing severe systemic inflammation, leading to septicemia and meningitis. Yet, the involvement of NK cells in the innate immune response to encapsulated bacterial infection is poorly characterized. Here, it was observed that these two streptococcal species rapidly induce the release of IFN-γ and that NK cells are the major cell type responsible for this production during the acute phase of the infection. Albeit S. suis capacity to activate NK cells was lower than that of GBS, these cells partially contribute to S. suis systemic infection; mainly through amplification of the inflammatory loop. In contrast, such a role was not observed during GBS systemic infection. IFN-γ release by NK cells required the presence of DCs, which in turn had a synergistic effect on DC cytokine production. These responses were mainly mediated by direct DC-NK cell contact and partially dependent on soluble factors. Though IL-12 and LFA-1 were shown to be critical in S. suis-mediated activation of the DC-NK cell crosstalk, different or redundant molecular pathways modulate DC-NK interactions during GBS infection. The bacterial capsular polysaccharides also differently modulated NK cell activation. Together, these results demonstrated a role of NK cells in the innate immune response against encapsulated streptococcal infections; yet the molecular pathways governing NK activation seem to differ upon the pathogen and should not be generalized when studying bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lemire
- Laboratory of Immunology of the Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of MontrealSt-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Tristan Galbas
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MontrealMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MontrealMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Laboratory of Immunology of the Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of MontrealSt-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Petersdorf EW. Role of major histocompatibility complex variation in graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation. F1000Res 2017; 6:617. [PMID: 28529723 PMCID: PMC5419254 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10990.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a significant potentially life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Since the discovery of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system over 50 years ago, significant advances have clarified the nature of HLA variation between transplant recipients and donors as a chief etiology of GVHD. New information on coding and non-coding gene variation and GVHD risk provides clinicians with options to consider selected mismatched donors when matched donors are not available. These advances have increased the availability of unrelated donors for patients in need of a transplant and have lowered the overall morbidity and mortality of HCT.
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Isernhagen A, Malzahn D, Bickeböller H, Dressel R. Impact of the MICA-129Met/Val Dimorphism on NKG2D-Mediated Biological Functions and Disease Risks. Front Immunol 2016; 7:588. [PMID: 28018354 PMCID: PMC5149524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related A (MICA) is the most polymorphic non-classical MHC class I gene in humans. It encodes a ligand for NKG2D (NK group 2, member D), an activating natural killer (NK) receptor that is expressed mainly on NK cells and CD8+ T cells. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1051792 causing a valine (Val) to methionine (Met) exchange at position 129 of the MICA protein is of specific interest. It separates MICA into isoforms that bind NKG2D with high (Met) and low affinities (Val). Therefore, this SNP has been investigated for associations with infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Here, we systematically review these studies and analyze them in view of new data on the functional consequences of this polymorphism. It has been shown recently that the MICA-129Met variant elicits a stronger NKG2D signaling, resulting in more degranulation and IFN-γ production in NK cells and in a faster costimulation of CD8+ T cells than the MICA-129Val variant. However, the MICA-129Met isoform also downregulates NKG2D more efficiently than the MICA-129Val isoform. This downregulation impairs NKG2D-mediated functions at high expression intensities of the MICA-Met variant. These features of the MICA-129Met/Val dimorphism need to be considered when interpreting disease association studies. Particularly, in the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, they help to explain the associations of the SNP with outcome including graft-versus-host disease and relapse of malignancy. Implications for future disease association studies of the MICA-129Met/Val dimorphism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Isernhagen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Dörthe Malzahn
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Isernhagen A, Malzahn D, Viktorova E, Elsner L, Monecke S, von Bonin F, Kilisch M, Wermuth JM, Walther N, Balavarca Y, Stahl-Hennig C, Engelke M, Walter L, Bickeböller H, Kube D, Wulf G, Dressel R. The MICA-129 dimorphism affects NKG2D signaling and outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1480-502. [PMID: 26483398 PMCID: PMC4644379 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The MHC class I chain-related molecule A (MICA) is a highly polymorphic ligand for the activating natural killer (NK)-cell receptor NKG2D. A single nucleotide polymorphism causes a valine to methionine exchange at position 129. Presence of a MICA-129Met allele in patients (n = 452) undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) increased the chance of overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, P = 0.0445) and reduced the risk to die due to acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, P = 0.0400) although homozygous carriers had an increased risk to experience this complication (OR = 1.92, P = 0.0371). Overall survival of MICA-129Val/Val genotype carriers was improved when treated with anti-thymocyte globulin (HR = 0.54, P = 0.0166). Functionally, the MICA-129Met isoform was characterized by stronger NKG2D signaling, triggering more NK-cell cytotoxicity and interferon-γ release, and faster co-stimulation of CD8+ T cells. The MICA-129Met variant also induced a faster and stronger down-regulation of NKG2D on NK and CD8+ T cells than the MICA-129Val isoform. The reduced cell surface expression of NKG2D in response to engagement by MICA-129Met variants appeared to reduce the severity of aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Isernhagen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe Malzahn
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elena Viktorova
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leslie Elsner
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Monecke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frederike von Bonin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Kilisch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janne Marieke Wermuth
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Neele Walther
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yesilda Balavarca
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Engelke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Kube
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Wulf
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Boyton RJ, Altmann DM. Bronchiectasis: Current Concepts in Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Microbiology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:523-54. [PMID: 26980162 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a disorder of persistent lung inflammation and recurrent infection, defined by a common pathological end point: irreversible bronchial dilatation arrived at through diverse etiologies. This suggests an interplay between immunogenetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, bacterial infection, and lung damage. The damaged epithelium impairs mucus removal and facilitates bacterial infection with increased cough, sputum production, and airflow obstruction. Lung infection is caused by respiratory bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and nontuberculous mycobacteria. Recent studies have highlighted the relationship between the lung microbiota and microbial-pathogen niches. Disease may result from environments favoring interleukin-17-driven neutrophilia. Bronchiectasis may present in autoimmune disease, as well as conditions of immune dysregulation, such as combined variable immune deficiency, transporter associated with antigen processing-deficiency syndrome, and hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. Differences in prevalence across geography and ethnicity implicate an etiological mix of genetics and environment underpinning susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Isernhagen A, Schilling D, Monecke S, Shah P, Elsner L, Walter L, Multhoff G, Dressel R. The MICA-129Met/Val dimorphism affects plasma membrane expression and shedding of the NKG2D ligand MICA. Immunogenetics 2015; 68:109-23. [PMID: 26585323 PMCID: PMC4728179 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-015-0884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The MHC class I chain-related molecule A (MICA) is a ligand for the activating natural killer (NK) cell receptor NKG2D. A polymorphism causing a valine to methionine exchange at position 129 affects binding to NKG2D, cytotoxicity, interferon-γ release by NK cells and activation of CD8+ T cells. It is known that tumors can escape NKG2D-mediated immune surveillance by proteolytic shedding of MICA. Therefore, we investigated whether this polymorphism affects plasma membrane expression (pmMICA) and shedding of MICA. Expression of pmMICA was higher in a panel of tumor (n = 16, P = 0.0699) and melanoma cell lines (n = 13, P = 0.0429) carrying the MICA-129Val/Val genotype. MICA-129Val homozygous melanoma cell lines released more soluble MICA (sMICA) by shedding (P = 0.0015). MICA-129Met or MICA-129Val isoforms differing only in this amino acid were expressed in the MICA-negative melanoma cell line Malme, and clones with similar pmMICA expression intensity were selected. The MICA-129Met clones released more sMICA (P = 0.0006), and a higher proportion of the MICA-129Met than the MICA-129Val variant was retained in intracellular compartments (P = 0.0199). The MICA-129Met clones also expressed more MICA messenger RNA (P = 0.0047). The latter phenotype was also observed in mouse L cells transfected with the MICA expression constructs (P = 0.0212). In conclusion, the MICA-129Met/Val dimorphism affects the expression density of MICA on the plasma membrane. More of the MICA-129Met variants were retained intracellularly. If expressed at the cell surface, the MICA-129Met isoform was more susceptible to shedding. Both processes appear to limit the cell surface expression of MICA-129Met variants that have a high binding avidity to NKG2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Isernhagen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 34, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Radiation Immune Biology, Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Monecke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 34, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pranali Shah
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 34, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leslie Elsner
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 34, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Radiation Immune Biology, Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 34, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Furukawa H, Oka S, Shimada K, Masuo K, Nakajima F, Funano S, Tanaka Y, Komiya A, Fukui N, Sawasaki T, Tadokoro K, Nose M, Tsuchiya N, Tohma S. Autoantibody Profiles in Collagen Disease Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Antibodies to Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-Related Chain A (MICA) as Markers of ILD. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:63-73. [PMID: 26327779 PMCID: PMC4539100 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s28209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is frequently associated with collagen disease. It is then designated as collagen vascular disease-associated ILD (CVD-ILD), and influences patients' prognosis. The prognosis of acute-onset diffuse ILD (AoDILD) occurring in patients with collagen disease is quite poor. Here, we report our investigation of auto-antibody (Ab) profiles to determine whether they may be useful in diagnosing CVD-ILD or AoDILD in collagen disease. Auto-Ab profiles were analyzed using the Lambda Array Beads Multi-Analyte System, granulocyte immunofluorescence test, Proto-Array Human Protein Microarray, AlphaScreen assay, and glutathione S-transferase capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 34 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with or without CVD-ILD and in 15 patients with collagen disease with AoDILD. The average anti-major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) Ab levels were higher in RA patients with CVD-ILD than in those without (P = 0.0013). The ratio of the average anti-MICA Ab level to the average anti-human leukocyte antigen class I Ab level (ie, MICA/Class I) was significantly higher in RA patients with CVD-ILD compared with those without (P = 4.47 × 10(-5)). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of auto-Ab profiles in CVD-ILD. The MICA/Class I ratio could be a better marker for diagnosing CVD-ILD than KL-6 (Krebs von den lungen-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Furukawa
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan. ; Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shomi Oka
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan. ; Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kota Shimada
- Department of Rheumatology, Sagamihara Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan. ; Department of Rheumatic Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Masuo
- Technical Marketing Department, VERITAS Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nakajima
- Research and Development Department, Central Blood Institute, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Tanaka
- Intergated Center for Science, Ehime University, Toon
| | - Akiko Komiya
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Naoshi Fukui
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kenji Tadokoro
- Research and Development Department, Central Blood Institute, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Nose
- Proteo-Medicine Research Center, Ehime University, Toon
| | - Naoyuki Tsuchiya
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeto Tohma
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
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Okada K, Chikumi H, Takata M, Yamaguchi K, Makino H, Kitaura T, Nakamoto M, Yamasaki A, Igishi T, Burioka N, Shimizu E. Effect of Clarithromycin on the Expression of UL16-Binding Protein 2 in Human Cells. Yonago Acta Med 2015; 58:31-38. [PMID: 26190895 PMCID: PMC4502423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Although recent data suggests that macrolide antibiotics enhance Pseudomonas aeruginosa clearance from the lung, involving natural killer (NK) T cells in this process by activating the NKG2D-NKG2D ligand system, the precise underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of clarithromycin on a potent NKG2D ligand, UL16-binding protein 2 (ULBP2), in the lung and its shedding mechanism. METHODS The gene expressions of ULBP2 and the shredder proteinases of ULBP2, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17, were measured using real-time PCR. The cell surface ULBP2 expression was measured by flow cytometry. The amount of solubilized ULBP2 (sULBP2) was measured using an ELISA. The activity of ADAM17 was examined by measurement of fluorescence intensity from the fluorescence resonance energy transfer peptide substrate cleaved by ADAM17. RESULTS Clarithromycin significantly induced transcription of ULBP2 and ADAM17 in both A549 and LCSC #2 cells, which endogenously express minimal and abundant levels of ULBP2, respectively. However, there was no significant change on transcription of ADAM10. The same tendency was observed when LCSC #2 cells were treated with tumor necrosis factoralpha processing inhibitor-2 to inhibit ADAM17 activity. The amount of sULBP2 was significantly decreased in both A549 and LCSC #2 cells by treatment with clarithromycin. Finally, clarithromycin significantly inhibited the activity of ADAM17 in LCSC #2 cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that clarithromycin induces ULBP2 expression and reduces the amount of sULBP2, by possibly inhibiting the activity of the potent ULBP2-shedding enzyme ADAM17. Because these changes in ULBP2 and sULBP2 levels could activate NKT cells, this finding might indicate a novel mechanism by which clarithromycin improves the clearance of P. aeruginosa in chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Okada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Chikumi
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan ; †Center for Infectious diseases, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Miyako Takata
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamaguchi
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Makino
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kitaura
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakamoto
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan ; †Center for Infectious diseases, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akira Yamasaki
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tadashi Igishi
- †Center for Infectious diseases, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Naoto Burioka
- ‡Department of Pathological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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Reduced mucosal associated invariant T-cells are associated with increased disease severity and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109891. [PMID: 25296025 PMCID: PMC4190362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary defects in host immune responses have been hypothesised to contribute towards an inability of subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) to effectively clear pulmonary infections. Innate T-lymphocytes provide rapid pathogen-specific responses prior to the development of classical MHC class I and II restricted T-cell responses and are essential to the initial control of pulmonary infection. We aimed to examine the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype and clinical outcomes in adults with CF. Methods We studied 41 subjects with CF and 22, age matched, non-smoking healthy control subjects. Lymphocytes were extracted from peripheral blood samples and phenotyped by flow-cytometry. Lymphocyte phenotype was correlated with sputum microbiology and clinical parameters. Results In comparison to healthy control subjects, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT)-lymphocytes were significantly reduced in the peripheral blood of subjects with CF (1.1% versus 2.0% of T-lymphocytes, P = 0.002). MAIT cell concentration was lowest in CF subjects infected with P. aeruginosa and in subjects receiving treatment for a pulmonary exacerbation. Furthermore a reduced MAIT cell concentration correlated with severity of lung disease. Conclusion Reduced numbers of MAIT cells in subjects with CF were associated with P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, pulmonary exacerbations and more severe lung disease. These findings provide the impetus for future studies examining the utility of MAIT cells in immunotherapies and vaccine development. Longitudinal studies of MAIT cells as biomarkers of CF pulmonary infection are awaited.
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Lu CC, Wu TS, Hsu YJ, Chang CJ, Lin CS, Chia JH, Wu TL, Huang TT, Martel J, Ojcius DM, Young JD, Lai HC. NK cells kill mycobacteria directly by releasing perforin and granulysin. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:1119-29. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0713-363rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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McDonnell M, Anwar G, Rutherford R, De Soyza A, Worthy S, Corris P, Lordan J, Bourke S, Afolabi G, Ward C, Middleton P, Middleton D. Lack of association between KIR and HLA-C type and susceptibility to idiopathic bronchiectasis. Respir Med 2014; 108:1127-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Depletion of natural killer cells increases mice susceptibility in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia model. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e441-50. [PMID: 24732238 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a clinically relevant infection involved in pneumonia in ICUs. Understanding the type of immune response initiated by the host during pneumonia would help defining new strategies to interfere with the bacteria pathogenicity. In this setting, the role of natural killer cells remains controversial. We assessed the role of systemic natural killer cells in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mouse pneumonia model. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Research laboratory from a university hospital. SUBJECTS RjOrl:SWISS and BALB/cJ mice (weight, 20-24 g). INTERVENTIONS Lung injuries were assessed by bacterial load, myeloperoxidase activity, endothelial permeability (pulmonary edema), immune cell infiltrate (histological analysis), proinflammatory cytokine release, and Ly6-G immunohistochemistry. Bacterial loads were assessed in the lungs and spleen. Natural killer cell number and status were assessed in spleen (flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Depletion of natural killer cells was achieved through an IV anti-asialo-GM1 antibody injection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pseudomonas aeruginosa tracheal instillation led to an acute pneumonia with a rapid decrease of bacterial load in lungs and with an increase of endothelial permeability, proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β), and myeloperoxidase activity followed by Ly6-G positive cell infiltrate in lungs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in the spleen. Membrane markers of activation and maturation (CD69 and KLRG1 molecules) were increased in splenic natural killer cells during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Splenic natural killer cells activated upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection produced interferon-γ but not interleukin-10. Ultimately, mice depleted of natural killer cells displayed an increased neutrophil numbers in the lungs and an increased mortality rate without bacterial load modifications in the lungs, indicating that mice depleted of natural killer cells were much more susceptible to infection compared with control animals. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time that natural killer cells play a major role in the mice susceptibility toward a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia model.
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Xu X, Weiss ID, Zhang H, Singh SP, Wynn TA, Wilson MS, Farber JM. Conventional NK cells can produce IL-22 and promote host defense in Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:1778-86. [PMID: 24442439 PMCID: PMC3995347 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It was reported that host defense against pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection requires IL-22, which was proposed to be of T cell origin. Supporting a role for IL-22, we found that Il22(-/-) mice had decreased survival compared with wild-type mice after intratracheal infection with K. pneumoniae. Surprisingly, however, Rag2(-/-) mice did not differ from wild-type mice in survival or levels of IL-22 in the lungs postinfection with K. pneumoniae. In contrast, K. pneumoniae-infected Rag2(-/-)Il2rg(-/-) mice failed to produce IL-22. These data suggested a possible role for NK cells or other innate lymphoid cells in host defense and production of IL-22. Unlike NK cell-like innate lymphoid cells that produce IL-22 and display a surface phenotype of NK1.1(-)NKp46(+)CCR6(+), lung NK cells showed the conventional phenotype, NK1.1(+)NKp46(+)CCR6(-). Mice depleted of NK cells using anti-asialo GM1 showed decreased survival and higher lung bacterial counts, as well as increased dissemination of K. pneumoniae to blood and liver, compared with control-treated mice. NK cell depletion also led to decreased production of IL-22 in the lung. Within 1 d postinfection, although there was no increase in the number of lung NK cells, a subset of lung NK cells became competent to produce IL-22, and such cells were found in both wild-type and Rag2(-/-) mice. Our data suggest that, during pulmonary infection of mice with K. pneumoniae, conventional NK cells are required for optimal host defense, which includes the production of IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ido D. Weiss
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Satya P. Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark S. Wilson
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua M. Farber
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Mear JB, Gosset P, Kipnis E, Faure E, Dessein R, Jawhara S, Fradin C, Faure K, Poulain D, Sendid B, Guery B. Candida albicans airway exposure primes the lung innate immune response against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through innate lymphoid cell recruitment and interleukin-22-associated mucosal response. Infect Immun 2014; 82:306-15. [PMID: 24166952 PMCID: PMC3911865 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01085-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans are two pathogens frequently encountered in the intensive care unit microbial community. We have demonstrated that C. albicans airway exposure protected against P. aeruginosa-induced lung injury. The goal of the present study was to characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with C. albicans-induced protection. Airway exposure by C. albicans led to the recruitment and activation of natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), macrophages, and dendritic cells. This recruitment was associated with the secretion of interleukin-22 (IL-22), whose neutralization abolished C. albicans-induced protection. We identified, by flow cytometry, ILCs as the only cellular source of IL-22. Depletion of ILCs by anti-CD90.2 antibodies was associated with a decreased IL-22 secretion and impaired survival after P. aeruginosa challenge. Our results demonstrate that the production of IL-22, mainly by ILCs, is a major and inducible step in protection against P. aeruginosa-induced lung injury. This cytokine may represent a clinical target in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baptiste Mear
- Host-Pathogen Translational Research Group, Faculté de Médecine de Lille UDSL–Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche, Lille, France
| | - Eric Kipnis
- Host-Pathogen Translational Research Group, Faculté de Médecine de Lille UDSL–Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Faure
- Host-Pathogen Translational Research Group, Faculté de Médecine de Lille UDSL–Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Rodrigue Dessein
- Host-Pathogen Translational Research Group, Faculté de Médecine de Lille UDSL–Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Samir Jawhara
- INSERM U995, Regulation of Candida Cell Wall Glycan-Host Interface, Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Chantal Fradin
- INSERM U995, Regulation of Candida Cell Wall Glycan-Host Interface, Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karine Faure
- Host-Pathogen Translational Research Group, Faculté de Médecine de Lille UDSL–Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Poulain
- INSERM U995, Regulation of Candida Cell Wall Glycan-Host Interface, Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Boualem Sendid
- INSERM U995, Regulation of Candida Cell Wall Glycan-Host Interface, Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Guery
- Host-Pathogen Translational Research Group, Faculté de Médecine de Lille UDSL–Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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Stolberg VR, Martin B, Mancuso P, Olszewski MA, Freeman CM, Curtis JL, Chensue SW. Role of CC chemokine receptor 4 in natural killer cell activation during acute cigarette smoke exposure. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:454-63. [PMID: 24333113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung injury involves innate immune responses. The activation of innate effector cells is thought to require cross talk with dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, but the mediators of interaction are unknown. One candidate, CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), is expressed by innate and adaptive effector cells, and its ligands are produced by DCs and macrophages. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we defined innate responses of lung myeloid DCs, macrophages, and conventional natural killer (NK) cells in mice exposed to CS over 4 days and examined the contribution of CCR4 using CCR4 knockout (CCR4(-/-)) mice. CS affected populations differently, causing an increase in F4/80(+) macrophages, a reduction in parenchymal CD11c(+)CD11b(+)CD103(-) DCs, but no effect on mucosal CD11c(+)CD11b(-)CD103(+) DCs. CS also induced a population of primed/activated CD69(+) NK cells and bronchoepithelial expression of the stress-related NKG2D receptor-activating protein, retinoic acid early transcript 1. CS-exposed CCR4(-/-) mice were similar to controls regarding effects on DCs and macrophages but displayed substantially impaired NK priming/activation and reduced expression of transcripts for interferon gamma, CXCL10, and retinoic acid early transcript 1. Quantitative confocal microscopy revealed that lungs of CS-exposed CCR4(-/-) mice had significantly reduced contacts of NK cells with CD11c(+) cells. These findings demonstrate that acute CS exposure elicits NK cell responses and suggest that CCR4 promotes NK cell priming/activation by mediating contacts with sentinel cells in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie R Stolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brian Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter Mancuso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Christine M Freeman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen W Chensue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Hotchkiss RS, Monneret G, Payen D. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: from cellular dysfunctions to immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:862-74. [PMID: 24232462 PMCID: PMC4077177 DOI: 10.1038/nri3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1603] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis - which is a severe life-threatening infection with organ dysfunction - initiates a complex interplay of host pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. Sepsis can be considered a race to the death between the pathogens and the host immune system, and it is the proper balance between the often competing pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways that determines the fate of the individual. Although the field of sepsis research has witnessed the failure of many highly touted clinical trials, a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of the disorder and the mechanisms responsible for the associated pro- and anti-inflammatory responses provides a novel approach for treating this highly lethal condition. Biomarker-guided immunotherapy that is administered to patients at the proper immune phase of sepsis is potentially a major advance in the treatment of sepsis and in the field of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Hotchkiss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Natural killer cells from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis have impaired effector functions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77177. [PMID: 24204766 PMCID: PMC3799692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are multicompetent lymphocytes of the innate immune system that play a central role in host defense and immune regulation. Although increasing evidence suggests that innate immunity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the role of NK cells in CRS has been poorly studied. This study aimed to characterize the peripheral blood NK cells from patients with CRS, and to compare the functions of these cells with those from non-CRS controls. The correlation between NK cell functional activity and prognosis was also assessed. Eighteen CRS patients and 19 healthy non-CRS controls were included. The patients with CRS were classified into two subgroups, namely a treatment-responsive group and recalcitrant group. NK cell degranulation was determined by measuring the cell surface expression of CD107a against 721.221 and K562 cells. Intracytoplasmic cytokine production was determined by flow cytometry. Compared to the controls, the NK cells of CRS group had an impaired ability to degranulate and to produce cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. The recalcitrant subgroup showed the most severe defects in NK cell effector functions. Moreover, the decreased NK cell functions in patients with CRS were associated with poor prognostic factors such as concomitant asthma and peripheral blood eosinophilia. NK cells, which were originally named for their ability to mediate spontaneous cytotoxicity towards diseased cells including infected cells, may play an important role in regulating the inflammatory process in CRS pathogenesis.
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46
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Spear P, Wu MR, Sentman ML, Sentman CL. NKG2D ligands as therapeutic targets. CANCER IMMUNITY 2013; 13:8. [PMID: 23833565 PMCID: PMC3700746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D) receptor plays an important role in protecting the host from infections and cancer. By recognizing ligands induced on infected or tumor cells, NKG2D modulates lymphocyte activation and promotes immunity to eliminate ligand-expressing cells. Because these ligands are not widely expressed on healthy adult tissue, NKG2D ligands may present a useful target for immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer. Novel therapies targeting NKG2D ligands for the treatment of cancer have shown preclinical success and are poised to enter into clinical trials. In this review, the NKG2D receptor and its ligands are discussed in the context of cancer, infection, and autoimmunity. In addition, therapies targeting NKG2D ligands in cancer are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Spear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Boyton RJ, Reynolds CJ, Quigley KJ, Altmann DM. Immune mechanisms and the impact of the disrupted lung microbiome in chronic bacterial lung infection and bronchiectasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 171:117-23. [PMID: 23286938 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies analysing immunogenetics and immune mechanisms controlling susceptibility to chronic bacterial infection in bronchiectasis implicate dysregulated immunity in conjunction with chronic bacterial infection. Bronchiectasis is a structural pathological end-point with many causes and disease associations. In about half of cases it is termed idiopathic, because it is of unknown aetiology. Bronchiectasis is proposed to result from a 'vicious cycle' of chronic bacterial infection and dysregulated inflammation. Paradoxically, both immune deficiency and excess immunity, either in the form of autoimmunity or excessive inflammatory activation, can predispose to disease. It appears to be a part of the spectrum of inflammatory, autoimmune and atopic conditions that have increased in prevalence through the 20th century, attributed variously to the hygiene hypothesis or the 'missing microbiota'. Immunogenetic studies showing a strong association with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-Cw*03 and HLA-C group 1 homozygosity and combinational analysis of HLA-C and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes suggests a shift towards activation of natural killer (NK) cells leading to lung damage. The association with HLA-DR1, DQ5 implicates a role for CD4 T cells, possibly operating through influence on susceptibility to specific pathogens. We hypothesize that disruption of the lung microbial ecosystem, by infection, inflammation and/or antibiotic therapy, creates a disturbed, simplified, microbial community ('disrupted microbiota') with downstream consequences for immune function. These events, acting with excessive NK cell activation, create a highly inflammatory lung environment that, in turn, permits the further establishment and maintenance of chronic infection dominated by microbial pathogens. This review discusses the implication of these concepts for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Campus, Department of Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, UK.
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An in vitro model of mycobacterial granuloma to investigate the immune response in brain-injured patients. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:245-54. [PMID: 23128384 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182676052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the overall immune response to pathogens in brain-injured patients, and assessed its relationship to nosocomial pneumonia. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Two surgical ICUs of a single institution. PATIENTS Severe brain-injured patients (n = 32) requiring mechanical ventilation and sex- and age-matched healthy donors (n = 25). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We evaluated, ex vivo, the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from brain injury patients to develop an effective granulomatous response to mycobacteria. Thirty-two consecutive patients (25 traumatic brain injured and seven subarachnoid hemorrhage) were included. Median Glasgow Coma Scale was 7 (5-8). Thirteen (41%) patients developed nosocomial pneumonia. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from brain-injured patients with nosocomial pneumonia generated significantly fewer mature granulomas compared with brain-injured patients without nosocomial pneumonia and with healthy donors. The percentage of multinucleated giant cells was lower in brain-injured patients without nosocomial pneumonia (1% [range: 0%-7%]) and in brain-injured patients with nosocomial pneumonia (4% [range: 2%-5%]) compared with healthy donors (20% [range: 15%-28%]). The blood levels of γδ T cells were significantly increased in brain-injured patients without nosocomial pneumonia (66% [range: 34%-69%]) compared with healthy donors (23% [range: 8%-61%]) and was not altered in brain-injured patients with nosocomial pneumonia (31% [range: 12%-44%]). The percentage of γδ T cells in granulomas was significantly decreased in brain injury patients with nosocomial pneumonia (5% [range: 4%-43%]) compared with healthy donors (43% [range: 19%-54%]) and was not significantly altered in brain-injured patients without nosocomial pneumonia (26% [range: 10%-41%]). The blood levels of natural killer cells were not altered in brain-injured patients. The percentage of natural killer cells in granulomas was significantly decreased in brain-injured patients with nosocomial pneumonia (3% [range: 1%-9%]) compared with brain-injured patients without nosocomial pneumonia (16% [range: 6%-29%]) and with healthy donors (17% [range: 10%-29%]). CONCLUSIONS Brain-injured patients experienced a maturation defect of the ex vivo granulomatous response involving monocytes as well as natural killer cells and γδ T cells.
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Patel VS, Sitapara RA, Gore A, Phan B, Sharma L, Sampat V, Li JH, Yang H, Chavan SS, Wang H, Tracey KJ, Mantell LL. High Mobility Group Box-1 mediates hyperoxia-induced impairment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clearance and inflammatory lung injury in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 48:280-7. [PMID: 23087050 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0279oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation with supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) is routinely used to treat patients with respiratory distress. However, a significant number of patients on ventilators exhibit enhanced susceptibility to infections and develop ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most common species of bacteria found in these patients. Previously, we demonstrated that prolonged exposure to hyperoxia can compromise the ability of alveolar macrophages (AMs), an essential part of the innate immunity, to phagocytose PA. This study sought to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying hyperoxia-compromised innate immunity against bacterial infection in a murine model of PA pneumonia. Here, we show that exposure to hyperoxia (≥ 99% O2) led to a significant elevation in concentrations of airway high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and increased mortality in C57BL/6 mice infected with PA. Treatment of these mice with a neutralizing anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) resulted in a reduction in bacterial counts, injury, and numbers of neutrophils in the lungs, and an increase in leukocyte phagocytic activity compared with mice receiving control mAb. This improved phagocytic function was associated with reduced concentrations of airway HMGB1. The correlation between phagocytic activity and concentrations of extracellular HMGB1 was also observed in cultured macrophages. These results indicate a pathogenic role for HMGB1 in hyperoxia-induced impairment with regard to a host's ability to clear bacteria and inflammatory lung injury. Thus, HMGB1 may provide a novel molecular target for improving hyperoxia-compromised innate immunity in patients with VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek S Patel
- Division of Cardiopulmonary Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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Wortham BW, Eppert BL, Motz GT, Flury JL, Orozco-Levi M, Hoebe K, Panos RJ, Maxfield M, Glasser SW, Senft AP, Raulet DH, Borchers MT. NKG2D mediates NK cell hyperresponsiveness and influenza-induced pathologies in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4468-75. [PMID: 22467655 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by peribronchial and perivascular inflammation and largely irreversible airflow obstruction. Acute disease exacerbations, due frequently to viral infections, lead to enhanced disease symptoms and contribute to long-term progression of COPD pathology. Previously, we demonstrated that NK cells from cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice exhibit enhanced effector functions in response to stimulating cytokines or TLR ligands. In this article, we show that the activating receptor NKG2D is a key mediator for CS-stimulated NK cell hyperresponsiveness, because CS-exposed NKG2D-deficient mice (Klrk1(-/-)) did not exhibit enhanced effector functions as assessed by cytokine responsiveness. NK cell cytotoxicity against MHC class I-deficient targets was not affected in a COPD model. However, NK cells from CS-exposed mice exhibit greater cytotoxic activity toward cells that express the NKG2D ligand RAET1ε. We also demonstrate that NKG2D-deficient mice exhibit diminished airway damage and reduced inflammation in a model of viral COPD exacerbation, which do not affect viral clearance. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of NKG2D(+) NK cells into CS-exposed, influenza-infected NKG2D-deficient mice recapitulated the phenotypes observed in CS-exposed, influenza-infected wild-type mice. Our findings indicate that NKG2D stimulation during long-term CS exposure is a central pathway in the development of NK cell hyperresponsiveness and influenza-mediated exacerbations of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Wortham
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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