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Parit S, Manchare A, Gholap AD, Mundhe P, Hatvate N, Rojekar S, Patravale V. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A promising breakthrough in cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124211. [PMID: 38750981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) provide effective cancer treatment through the selective delivery of cytotoxic payloads to the cancer cells. They offer unparalleled precision and specificity in directing drugs to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. Despite several advantages, there is a requirement for innovations in the molecular design of ADC owing to drug resistance, cancer heterogeneity along the adverse effects of treatment. The review critically analyses ADC function mechanisms, unraveling the intricate interplay between antibodies, linkers, and payloads in facilitating targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. The article also highlights notable advancements in antibody engineering, which aid in creating highly selective and potent ADCs. Additionally, the review details significant progress in clinical ADC development with an in-depth examination of pivotal trials and approved formulations. Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a ground-breaking approach to targeted drug delivery, especially in cancer treatment. They offer unparalleled precision and specificity in directing drugs to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of ADC development, covering their design, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. The article emphasizes the need for greater precision in drug delivery and explains why ADCs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali Parit
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajit Manchare
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Mundhe
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navnath Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
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2
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Delgado M, Garcia-Sanz JA. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies against Cancer: Present and Future. Cells 2023; 12:2837. [PMID: 38132155 PMCID: PMC10741644 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential against cancer have been generated and developed. Ninety-one are currently used in the clinics, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or other antibodies, including immune checkpoint antibodies. These advances helped to coin the term personalized medicine or precision medicine. However, it seems evident that in addition to the current work on the analysis of mechanisms to overcome drug resistance, the use of different classes of antibodies (IgA, IgE, or IgM) instead of IgG, the engineering of the Ig molecules to increase their half-life, the acquisition of additional effector functions, or the advantages associated with the use of agonistic antibodies, to allow a broad prospective usage of precision medicine successfully, a strategy change is required. Here, we discuss our view on how these strategic changes should be implemented and consider their pros and cons using therapeutic antibodies against cancer as a model. The same strategy can be applied to therapeutic antibodies against other diseases, such as infectious or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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3
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Spicer J, Basu B, Montes A, Banerji U, Kristeleit R, Miller R, Veal GJ, Corrigan CJ, Till SJ, Figini M, Canevari S, Barton C, Jones P, Mellor S, Carroll S, Selkirk C, Nintos G, Kwatra V, Funingana IG, Doherty G, Gould HJ, Pellizzari G, Nakamura M, Ilieva KM, Khiabany A, Stavraka C, Chauhan J, Gillett C, Pinder S, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Karagiannis SN. Safety and anti-tumour activity of the IgE antibody MOv18 in patients with advanced solid tumours expressing folate receptor-alpha: a phase I trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4180. [PMID: 37491373 PMCID: PMC10368744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
All antibodies approved for cancer therapy are monoclonal IgGs but the biology of IgE, supported by comparative preclinical data, offers the potential for enhanced effector cell potency. Here we report a Phase I dose escalation trial (NCT02546921) with the primary objective of exploring the safety and tolerability of MOv18 IgE, a chimeric first-in-class IgE antibody, in patients with tumours expressing the relevant antigen, folate receptor-alpha. The trial incorporated skin prick and basophil activation tests (BAT) to select patients at lowest risk of allergic toxicity. Secondary objectives were exploration of anti-tumour activity, recommended Phase II dose, and pharmacokinetics. Dose escalation ranged from 70 μg-12 mg. The most common toxicity of MOv18 IgE is transient urticaria. A single patient experienced anaphylaxis, likely explained by detection of circulating basophils at baseline that could be activated by MOv18 IgE. The BAT assay was used to avoid enrolling further patients with reactive basophils. The safety profile is tolerable and maximum tolerated dose has not been reached, with evidence of anti-tumour activity observed in a patient with ovarian cancer. These results demonstrate the potential of IgE therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Bristi Basu
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Montes
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | | | - Gareth J Veal
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher J Corrigan
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Till
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mariangela Figini
- ANP2, Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claire Barton
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
- Barton Oncology Ltd, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Paul Jones
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
- UCB Pharma Ltd., Slough, UK
| | - Sarah Mellor
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Simon Carroll
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Chris Selkirk
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - George Nintos
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vineet Kwatra
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ionut-Gabriel Funingana
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gary Doherty
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah J Gould
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Atousa Khiabany
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chara Stavraka
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Pinder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Yu CY, Liu J, Qi CH, Wu ZY, Xiao YF, Zhang XG. Minimal change disease associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumor accompanied by significantly elevated serum IgE level: a case report. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:139. [PMID: 35410141 PMCID: PMC8996523 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal change disease (MCD) is a common cause of the nephrotic syndrome. Several studies have shown an increased incidence of cancer in patients with MCD. However, there are no reports on the association between MCD and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 66-year-old female with severe nephrotic syndrome and concomitant duodenal GIST. Immunoglobulin test showed a significant increase of IgE levels. The diagnosis of renal histopathology was MCD with subacute tubulointerstitial injury. The combination of preoperative Imatinib mesylate chemotherapy and tumor excision was accompanied by significant remission of proteinuria, and IgE level decreasing, without immunosuppressivetherapy. CONCLUSIONS It is the first case report that MCD was associated with GIST and elevated IgE level. Clinically, in patients with elevated IgE level associated with nephrotic syndrome, the possibility of tumor must be taken into account when allergic factors are excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Health Management Center, Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Hai Qi
- Department of Pathology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wu
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Fei Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xue-Guang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Capital Medical University Electric Teaching Hospital (State Grid Corporation of China Beijing Electric Power Hospital), Beijing, China.
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5
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Buttarelli M, Ciucci A, Palluzzi F, Raspaglio G, Marchetti C, Perrone E, Minucci A, Giacò L, Fagotti A, Scambia G, Gallo D. Identification of a novel gene signature predicting response to first-line chemotherapy in BRCA wild-type high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:50. [PMID: 35120576 PMCID: PMC8815250 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) has poor survival rates due to a combination of diagnosis at advanced stage and disease recurrence as a result of chemotherapy resistance. In BRCA1 (Breast Cancer gene 1) - or BRCA2-wild type (BRCAwt) HGSOC patients, resistance and progressive disease occur earlier and more often than in mutated BRCA. Identification of biomarkers helpful in predicting response to first-line chemotherapy is a challenge to improve BRCAwt HGSOC management. METHODS To identify a gene signature that can predict response to first-line chemotherapy, pre-treatment tumor biopsies from a restricted cohort of BRCAwt HGSOC patients were profiled by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. Patients were sub-grouped according to platinum-free interval (PFI), into sensitive (PFI > 12 months) and resistant (PFI < 6 months). The gene panel identified by RNA-seq analysis was then tested by high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR (HT RT-qPCR) in a validation cohort, and statistical/bioinformatic methods were used to identify eligible markers and to explore the relevant pathway/gene network enrichments of the identified gene set. Finally, a panel of primary HGSOC cell lines was exploited to uncover cell-autonomous mechanisms of resistance. RESULTS RNA-seq identified a 42-gene panel discriminating sensitive and resistant BRCAwt HGSOC patients and pathway analysis pointed to the immune system as a possible driver of chemotherapy response. From the extended cohort analysis of the 42 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), a statistical approach combined with the random forest classifier model generated a ten-gene signature predictive of response to first-line chemotherapy. The ten-gene signature included: CKB (Creatine kinase B), CTNNBL1 (Catenin, beta like 1), GNG11 (G protein subunit gamma 11), IGFBP7 (Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7), PLCG2 (Phospholipase C, gamma 2), RNF24 (Ring finger protein 24), SLC15A3 (Solute carrier family 15 member 3), TSPAN31 (Tetraspanin 31), TTI1 (TELO2 interacting protein 1) and UQCC1 (Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex assembly factor). Cytotoxicity assays, combined with gene-expression analysis in primary HGSOC cell lines, allowed to define CTNNBL1, RNF24, and TTI1 as cell-autonomous contributors to tumor resistance. CONCLUSIONS Using machine-learning techniques we have identified a gene signature that could predict response to first-line chemotherapy in BRCAwt HGSOC patients, providing a useful tool towards personalized treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Buttarelli
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciucci
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Palluzzi
- Bioinformatics Facility Core Research, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP) Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Raspaglio
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marchetti
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuele Perrone
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics Unit (MGDUnit), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Luciano Giacò
- Bioinformatics Facility Core Research, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP) Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Yang W, Ivanov DG, Kaltashov IA. Extending the capabilities of intact-mass analyses to monoclonal immunoglobulins of the E-isotype (IgE). MAbs 2022; 14:2103906. [PMID: 35895856 PMCID: PMC9336480 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable tool in structural characterization and quality control of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Intact-mass analysis is a particularly attractive option that provides a powerful and cost-effective means to not only confirm the structural integrity of the protein, but also probe its interactions with therapeutic targets. To a certain extent, this success can be attributed to relatively modest glycosylation levels exhibited by IgG molecules, which limits their structural heterogeneity and enables straightforward mass measurements at the intact molecule level. The recent surge of interest in expanding the repertoire of mAbs to include other classes of immunoglobulins places a premium on efforts to adapt the IgG-tailored experimental strategies to other classes of antibodies, but their dramatically higher levels of glycosylation may create insurmountable obstacles. The monoclonal murine IgE antibody explored in this work provides a challenging model system, as its glycosylation level exceeds that of conventional IgG mAbs by a factor of nine. The commercial sample, which included various IgE fragments, yields a poorly resolved ionic signal in intact-mass measurements, from which little useful information can be extracted. However, coupling MS measurements with the limited charge reduction of select polycationic species in the gas phase gives rise to well-defined charge ladders, from which both ionic masses and charges can be readily determined. The measurements reveal significant variation of the extent of glycosylation within intact IgE molecules, as well as the presence of low-molecular weight impurities in the commercial IgE sample. Furthermore, incubation of the monoclonal IgE with its antigen (ovalbumin) gives rise to the formation of complexes with varying stoichiometries, which can also be uniquely identified using a combination of native MS, limited charge reduction in the gas phase and data fitting procedures. This work demonstrates that following appropriate modifications, intact-mass analysis measurements can be successfully applied to mAbs beyond the IgG isotype, providing a wealth of information not only on the mass distribution of the intact IgE molecules, but also their large-scale conformational integrity, the integrity of their covalent structure, and their interactions with antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daniil G Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Glycoengineering of Therapeutic Antibodies with Small Molecule Inhibitors. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10040044. [PMID: 34842612 PMCID: PMC8628514 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the cornerstones of modern medicine, across an increasing range of therapeutic areas. All therapeutic mAbs are glycoproteins, i.e., their polypeptide chain is decorated with glycans, oligosaccharides of extraordinary structural diversity. The presence, absence, and composition of these glycans can have a profound effect on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of individual mAbs. Approaches for the glycoengineering of therapeutic mAbs—the manipulation and optimisation of mAb glycan structures—are therefore of great interest from a technological, therapeutic, and regulatory perspective. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to the effects of glycosylation on the biological and pharmacological functions of the five classes of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgE, IgA, IgM and IgD) that form the backbone of all current clinical and experimental mAbs, including an overview of common mAb expression systems. We review selected examples for the use of small molecule inhibitors of glycan biosynthesis for mAb glycoengineering, we discuss the potential advantages and challenges of this approach, and we outline potential future applications. The main aim of the review is to showcase the expanding chemical toolbox that is becoming available for mAb glycoengineering to the biology and biotechnology community.
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8
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Kadam K, Peerzada N, Karbhal R, Sawant S, Valadi J, Kulkarni-Kale U. Antibody Class(es) Predictor for Epitopes (AbCPE): A Multi-Label Classification Algorithm. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:709951. [PMID: 36303781 PMCID: PMC9581038 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.709951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies to deal with infectious and other diseases are the most perceptible scientific interventions that have had huge impact on public health including that in the current Covid-19 pandemic. From inactivation methodologies to reverse vaccinology, vaccine development strategies of 21st century have undergone several transformations and are moving towards rational design approaches. These developments are driven by data as the combinatorials involved in antigenic diversity of pathogens and immune repertoire of hosts are enormous. The computational prediction of epitopes is central to these developments and numerous B-cell epitope prediction methods developed over the years in the field of immunoinformatics have contributed enormously. Most of these methods predict epitopes that could potentially bind to an antibody regardless of its type and only a few account for antibody class specific epitope prediction. Recent studies have provided evidence of more than one class of antibodies being associated with a particular disease. Therefore, it is desirable to predict and prioritize ‘peptidome’ representing B-cell epitopes that can potentially bind to multiple classes of antibodies, as an open problem in immunoinformatics. To address this, AbCPE, a novel algorithm based on multi-label classification approach has been developed for prediction of antibody class(es) to which an epitope can potentially bind. The epitopes binding to one or more antibody classes (IgG, IgE, IgA and IgM) have been used as a knowledgebase to derive features for prediction. Multi-label algorithms, Binary Relevance and Label Powerset were applied along with Random Forest and AdaBoost. Classifier performance was assessed using evaluation measures like Hamming Loss, Precision, Recall and F1 score. The Binary Relevance model based on dipeptide composition, Random Forest and AdaBoost achieved the best results with Hamming Loss of 0.1121 and 0.1074 on training and test sets respectively. The results obtained by AbCPE are promising. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-label method developed for prediction of antibody class(es) for sequential B-cell epitopes and is expected to bring a paradigm shift in the field of immunoinformatics and immunotherapeutic developments in synthetic biology. The AbCPE web server is available at http://bioinfo.unipune.ac.in/AbCPE/Home.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kadam
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Noor Peerzada
- Centre for Modeling and Simulation, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Rajiv Karbhal
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sangeeta Sawant
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Jayaraman Valadi
- Department of Computer Science, FLAME University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Jayaraman Valadi, ; Urmila Kulkarni-Kale, ,
| | - Urmila Kulkarni-Kale
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Jayaraman Valadi, ; Urmila Kulkarni-Kale, ,
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9
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Simon M, Mughal SS, Horak P, Uhrig S, Buchloh J, Aybey B, Stenzinger A, Glimm H, Fröhling S, Brors B, Imbusch CD. Deconvolution of sarcoma methylomes reveals varying degrees of immune cell infiltrates with association to genomic aberrations. J Transl Med 2021; 19:204. [PMID: 33980253 PMCID: PMC8117561 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors for which response to immunotherapies is not well established. Therefore, it is important to risk-stratify and identify STS patients who will most likely benefit from these treatments. RESULTS To reveal shared and distinct methylation signatures present in STS, we performed unsupervised deconvolution of DNA methylation data from the TCGA sarcoma and an independent validation cohort. We showed that leiomyosarcoma can be subclassified into three distinct methylation groups. More importantly, we identified a component associated with tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, which suggests varying degrees of immune cell infiltration in STS subtypes and an association with prognosis. We further investigated the genomic alterations that may influence tumor infiltration by leukocytes including RB1 loss in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas and ELK3 amplification in dedifferentiated liposarcomas. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have leveraged unsupervised methylation-based deconvolution to characterize the immune compartment and molecularly stratify subtypes in STS, which may benefit precision medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Simon
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sadaf S Mughal
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Horak
- Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Uhrig
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Buchloh
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bogac Aybey
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles D Imbusch
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Vukovic N, van Elsas A, Verbeek JS, Zaiss DMW. Isotype selection for antibody-based cancer therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 203:351-365. [PMID: 33155272 PMCID: PMC7874837 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has revolutionized the field of cancer therapy, as it has enabled the successful treatment of previously untreatable types of cancer. Different mechanisms play a role in the anti-tumour effect of mAbs. These include blocking of tumour-specific growth factor receptors or of immune modulatory molecules as well as complement and cell-mediated tumour cell lysis. Thus, for many mAbs, Fc-mediated effector functions critically contribute to the efficacy of treatment. As immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes differ in their ability to bind to Fc receptors on immune cells as well as in their ability to activate complement, they differ in the immune responses they activate. Therefore, the choice of antibody isotype for therapeutic mAbs is dictated by its intended mechanism of action. Considering that clinical efficacy of many mAbs is currently achieved only in subsets of patients, optimal isotype selection and Fc optimization during antibody development may represent an important step towards improved patient outcome. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of the therapeutic effector functions of different isotypes and Fc-engineering strategies to improve mAbs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Vukovic
- Institute of Immunology and Infection ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghAshworth LaboratoriesEdinburghUK
| | | | - J. S. Verbeek
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringToin University of YokohamaYokohamaJapan
| | - D. M. W. Zaiss
- Institute of Immunology and Infection ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghAshworth LaboratoriesEdinburghUK
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11
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Willsmore ZN, Harris RJ, Crescioli S, Hussein K, Kakkassery H, Thapa D, Cheung A, Chauhan J, Bax HJ, Chenoweth A, Laddach R, Osborn G, McCraw A, Hoffmann RM, Nakamura M, Geh JL, MacKenzie-Ross A, Healy C, Tsoka S, Spicer JF, Papa S, Barber L, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. B Cells in Patients With Melanoma: Implications for Treatment With Checkpoint Inhibitor Antibodies. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622442. [PMID: 33569063 PMCID: PMC7868381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of the humoral immune response to melanoma are now widely recognized, with reports of positive prognostic value ascribed to tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-B) and increasing evidence of B cells as key predictors of patient response to treatment. There are disparate views as to the pro- and anti-tumor roles of B cells. B cells appear to play an integral role in forming tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) which can further modulate T cell activation. Expressed antibodies may distinctly influence tumor regulation in the tumor microenvironment, with some isotypes associated with strong anti-tumor immune response and others with progressive disease. Recently, B cells have been evaluated in the context of cancer immunotherapy. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), targeting T cell effector functions, have revolutionized the management of melanoma for many patients; however, there remains a need to accurately predict treatment responders. Increasing evidence suggests that B cells may not be simple bystanders to CPI immunotherapy. Mature and differentiated B cell phenotypes are key positive correlates of CPI response. Recent evidence also points to an enrichment in activatory B cell phenotypes, and the contribution of B cells to TLS formation may facilitate induction of T cell phenotypes required for response to CPI. Contrastingly, specific B cell subsets often correlate with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in CPI. With increased appreciation of the multifaceted role of B cell immunity, novel therapeutic strategies and biomarkers can be explored and translated into the clinic to optimize CPI immunotherapy in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena N Willsmore
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Harris
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khuluud Hussein
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Kakkassery
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepika Thapa
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Chenoweth
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Laddach
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Osborn
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa McCraw
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricarda M Hoffmann
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L Geh
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair MacKenzie-Ross
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Papa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,ImmunoEngineering, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Barber
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Williams IP, Crescioli S, Sow HS, Bax HJ, Hobbs C, Ilieva KM, French E, Pellizzari G, Cox V, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN, Mele S. In vivo safety profile of a CSPG4-directed IgE antibody in an immunocompetent rat model. MAbs 2021; 12:1685349. [PMID: 31769737 PMCID: PMC6927758 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1685349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE monoclonal antibodies hold great potential for cancer therapy. Preclinical in vivo systems, particularly those in which the antibody recognizes the host species target antigen and binds to cognate Fc receptors, are often the closest approximation to human exposure and represent a key challenge for evaluating the safety of antibody-based therapies. We sought to develop an immunocompetent rat system to assess the safety of a rodent anti-tumor IgE, as a surrogate for the human therapeutic candidate. We generated a rat IgE against the human tumor-associated antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) and cross-reactive for the rat antigen. We analyzed CSPG4 distribution in normal rat and human tissues and investigated the in vivo safety of the antibody by monitoring clinical signs and molecular biomarkers after systemic administration to immunocompetent rats. Human and rat CSPG4 expression in normal tissues were comparable. Animals receiving antibody exhibited transient mild to moderate adverse events accompanied by mild elevation of serum tryptase, but not of angiotensin II or cytokines implicated in allergic reactions or cytokine storm. In the long term, repeated antibody administration was well tolerated, with no changes in animal body weight, liver and kidney functions or blood cell counts. This model provides preclinical support for the safety profiling of IgE therapeutic antibodies. Due to the comparable antigen tissue distribution in human and rat, this model may also comprise an appropriate tool for proof-of-concept safety evaluations of different treatment approaches targeting CSPG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan P Williams
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Heng Sheng Sow
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK.,IGEM Therapeutics Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK.,IGEM Therapeutics Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Elise French
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Vivienne Cox
- IGEM Therapeutics Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy`s Hospital, London, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK.,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, Guy`s Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
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13
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Pillay P, Moodley K, Vatish M, Moodley J. Exosomal MicroRNAs in Pregnancy Provides Insight into a Possible Cure for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155384. [PMID: 32751127 PMCID: PMC7432616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological links between cancer and pregnancy are of recent interest due to parallel proliferative, immunosuppressive and invasive mechanisms between tumour and trophoblast development. Therefore, understanding “cancer-like” mechanisms in pregnancy could lead to the development of novel cancer therapeutics, however, little is understood on how tumour and trophoblast cells recapitulate similar molecular mechanisms. Based on our observations from a previous study, it was not only evident that exosomal miRNAs are involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia but also contained cancer-specific miRNAs, which suggested that “pseudo-malignant-like” exosomal-mediated mechanisms exist in pregnancy. The presented study therefore aimed to identify exosomal miRNAs (exomiR) in pregnancy which can be repurposed towards preventing tumour metastasis and immunosuppression. It was identified that exomiR-302d-3p, exomiR-223-3p and exomiR-451a, commonly associated with cancer metastasis, were found to be highly expressed in pregnancy. Furthermore, computational merging and meta-analytical pathway analysis (DIANA miRPath) of significantly expressed exomiRs between 38 ± 1.9 vs. 30 ± 1.11 weeks of gestation indicated controlled regulation of biological pathways associated with cancer metastasis and immunosuppression. Therefore, the observations made in this study provide the experimental framework for the repurposing of exosomal miRNA molecular mechanisms in pregnancy towards treating and preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preenan Pillay
- Pearson Institute of Higher Education, Faculty of Applied Science, Johannesburg 2153, South Africa
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford 38655, UK;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-83-4402-486
| | - Kogi Moodley
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford 38655, UK;
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women’s Health and HIV Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
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14
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Pellizzari G, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Gotovina J, Jensen-Jarolim E, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Harnessing Therapeutic IgE Antibodies to Re-educate Macrophages against Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:615-626. [PMID: 32470387 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, IgG is the only class of antibodies employed for cancer therapy. However, harnessing the unique biological properties of a different class ( e.g., IgE) could engender potent effector cell activation, and unleash previously untapped immune mechanisms against cancer. IgE antibodies are best known for pathogenic roles in allergic diseases and for protective effector functions against parasitic infestation, often mediated by IgE Fc receptor-expressing macrophages. Notably, IgE possess a very high affinity for cognate Fc receptors expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This paper reviews pre-clinical studies, which indicate control of cancer growth by tumor antigen-specific IgE that recruit and re-educate TAMs towards activated profiles. The clinical development harnessing the antitumor potential of recombinant IgE antibodies in cancer patients is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jelena Gotovina
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.
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15
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Goulet DR, Atkins WM. Considerations for the Design of Antibody-Based Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:74-103. [PMID: 31173761 PMCID: PMC6891151 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based proteins have become an important class of biologic therapeutics, due in large part to the stability, specificity, and adaptability of the antibody framework. Indeed, antibodies not only have the inherent ability to bind both antigens and endogenous immune receptors but also have proven extremely amenable to protein engineering. Thus, several derivatives of the monoclonal antibody format, including bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and antibody fragments, have demonstrated efficacy for treating human disease, particularly in the fields of immunology and oncology. Reviewed here are considerations for the design of antibody-based therapeutics, including immunological context, therapeutic mechanisms, and engineering strategies. First, characteristics of antibodies are introduced, with emphasis on structural domains, functionally important receptors, isotypic and allotypic differences, and modifications such as glycosylation. Then, aspects of therapeutic antibody design are discussed, including identification of antigen-specific variable regions, choice of expression system, use of multispecific formats, and design of antibody derivatives based on fragmentation, oligomerization, or conjugation to other functional moieties. Finally, strategies to enhance antibody function through protein engineering are reviewed while highlighting the impact of fundamental biophysical properties on protein developability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
| | - William M Atkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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16
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Li X, Wang N, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Species Specificity on Interaction between IgE and FcεRI. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:690-695. [PMID: 31258078 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190619122325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases at present, it is imperative to understanding the pathophysiology and treatment strategies for allergic diseases. In this process, the binding of IgE and FcεRI on effector cells plays a critical role in triggering allergic reactions. However, the species specificity of the interaction between IgE and FcεRI has not been clearly explained. This review described the characteristics and the interaction mechanism in the allergic reaction of IgE and FcεRI and summarized the species specificity between IgE and FcεRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China.,Offices of Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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17
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Sutton BJ, Davies AM, Bax HJ, Karagiannis SN. IgE Antibodies: From Structure to Function and Clinical Translation. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E19. [PMID: 31544825 PMCID: PMC6640697 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in mediating allergic reactions, and their powerful effector functions activated through binding to Fc receptors FcεRI and FcεRII/CD23. Structural studies of IgE-Fc alone, and when bound to these receptors, surprisingly revealed not only an acutely bent Fc conformation, but also subtle allosteric communication between the two distant receptor-binding sites. The ability of IgE-Fc to undergo more extreme conformational changes emerged from structures of complexes with anti-IgE antibodies, including omalizumab, in clinical use for allergic disease; flexibility is clearly critical for IgE function, but may also be exploited by allosteric interference to inhibit IgE activity for therapeutic benefit. In contrast, the power of IgE may be harnessed to target cancer. Efforts to improve the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies for cancer have almost exclusively focussed on IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses, but IgE offers an extremely high affinity for FcεRI receptors on immune effector cells known to infiltrate solid tumours. Furthermore, while tumour-resident inhibitory Fc receptors can modulate the effector functions of IgG antibodies, no inhibitory IgE Fc receptors are known to exist. The development of tumour antigen-specific IgE antibodies may therefore provide an improved immune functional profile and enhanced anti-cancer efficacy. We describe proof-of-concept studies of IgE immunotherapies against solid tumours, including a range of in vitro and in vivo evaluations of efficacy and mechanisms of action, as well as ex vivo and in vivo safety studies. The first anti-cancer IgE antibody, MOv18, the clinical translation of which we discuss herein, has now reached clinical testing, offering great potential to direct this novel therapeutic modality against many other tumour-specific antigens. This review highlights how our understanding of IgE structure and function underpins these exciting clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Anna M Davies
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Heather J Bax
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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18
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Crawford G, Hayes MD, Seoane RC, Ward S, Dalessandri T, Lai C, Healy E, Kipling D, Proby C, Moyes C, Green K, Best K, Haniffa M, Botto M, Dunn-Walters D, Strid J. Epithelial damage and tissue γδ T cells promote a unique tumor-protective IgE response. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:859-870. [PMID: 30013146 PMCID: PMC6071860 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IgE is an ancient and conserved immunoglobulin isotype with potent immunological function. Nevertheless, the regulation of IgE responses remains an enigma, and evidence of a role for IgE in host defense is limited. Here we report that topical exposure to a common environmental DNA-damaging xenobiotic initiated stress surveillance by γδTCR+ intraepithelial lymphocytes that resulted in class switching to IgE in B cells and the accumulation of autoreactive IgE. High-throughput antibody sequencing revealed that γδ T cells shaped the IgE repertoire by supporting specific variable-diversity-joining (VDJ) rearrangements with unique characteristics of the complementarity-determining region CDRH3. This endogenous IgE response, via the IgE receptor FcεRI, provided protection against epithelial carcinogenesis, and expression of the gene encoding FcεRI in human squamous-cell carcinoma correlated with good disease prognosis. These data indicate a joint role for immunosurveillance by T cells and by B cells in epithelial tissues and suggest that IgE is part of the host defense against epithelial damage and tumor development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anthracenes/toxicity
- B-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Cell Death
- Cells, Cultured
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- DNA Damage
- Epithelial Cells/physiology
- Female
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- Immunoglobulin E/genetics
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Immunologic Surveillance
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Piperidines/toxicity
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Crawford
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sophie Ward
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chester Lai
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Dermatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Eugene Healy
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Dermatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - David Kipling
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Charlotte Proby
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Colin Moyes
- Department of Pathology, Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kile Green
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katie Best
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Dermatology and Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Dermatology and Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marina Botto
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah Dunn-Walters
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Jessica Strid
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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19
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Abiko T, Tsuchikawa T, Miyauchi K, Wada M, Kyogoku N, Shichinohe T, Miyahara Y, Kageyama S, Ikeda H, Shiku H, Hirano S. Serum immunoglobulin E response as a marker for unfavorable prognosis following cholesteryl pullulan-MAGE A4 vaccination. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3703-3711. [PMID: 29467889 PMCID: PMC5795923 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2009, a cancer vaccine clinical trial was conducted with melanoma antigen gene-A4 as an immunogenic agent. The levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3, which are known to be Type 1 T helper cell-associated antibodies, and the levels of IgG4 and IgE, which are known to be Type 2 T helper cell-associated antibodies, were measured and used as biomarkers for predicting therapeutic effect. The results of the present study indicated a strong positive correlation between IgG2 and IgG4, with a correlation coefficient of R=0.808 (P<0.0001). The survival time of patients in which IgE responses were induced was significantly shorter compared with the survival time of patients with no IgE induction. The results of the present study suggest that caution is required when antigen-specific IgE responses are induced during cancer vaccination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Abiko
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Division of Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Division of Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kengo Miyauchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Division of Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masataka Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Division of Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kyogoku
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Division of Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shichinohe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Division of Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyahara
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kageyama
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Division of Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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20
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Rava M, Czachorowski MJ, Silverman D, Márquez M, Kishore S, Tardón A, Serra C, García-Closas M, Garcia-Closas R, Carrato A, Rothman N, Real FX, Kogevinas M, Malats N. Asthma status is associated with decreased risk of aggressive urothelial bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:470-476. [PMID: 28940228 PMCID: PMC6982397 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested an association between atopic conditions and specific cancers. The results on the association with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) are scarce and inconsistent. To evaluate the association between asthma and risk of UBC, we considered 936 cases and 1,022 controls from the Spanish Bladder Cancer/EPICURO Study (86% males, mean age 65.4 years), a multicenter and hospital-based case-control study conducted during 1998-2001. Participants were asked whether they had asthma and detailed information about occupational exposures, smoking habits, dietary factors, medical conditions and history of medication was collected through face-to-face questionnaires performed by trained interviewers. Since asthma and UBC might share risk factors, association between patients' characteristics and asthma was studied in UBC controls. Association between UBC and asthma was assessed using logistic regression unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders. The complex interrelationships, direct and mediating effect of asthma on UBC, were appraised using counterfactual mediation models. Asthma was associated with a reduced risk of UBC (odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37, 0.79) after adjusting for a wide range of confounders. No mediating effect was identified. The reduced risk associated with asthma was restricted to patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive (OR = 0.25, 95%CI 0.10, 0.62) and muscle invasive UBC (OR = 0.32, 95%CI 0.15, 0.69). Our results support that asthma is associated with a decreased risk of UBC, especially among aggressive tumors. Further work on the relationship between asthma and other atopic conditions and cancer risk should shed light on the relationship between immune response mechanisms and bladder carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rava
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, and CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Maciej J Czachorowski
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, and CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Debra Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mirari Márquez
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, and CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Sirish Kishore
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, and CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, and CIBERESP, Spain
| | - Consol Serra
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institut, Barcelona, and CIBERESP, Spain
| | - Montse García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Alfredo Carrato
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario de Elche, and CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, and CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, and CIBERONC, Spain
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21
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Cheung A, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Ilieva KM, Pellizzari G, Opzoomer J, Bloomfield J, Fittall M, Grigoriadis A, Figini M, Canevari S, Spicer JF, Tutt AN, Karagiannis SN. Targeting folate receptor alpha for cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52553-52574. [PMID: 27248175 PMCID: PMC5239573 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising targeted treatments and immunotherapy strategies in oncology and advancements in our understanding of molecular pathways that underpin cancer development have reignited interest in the tumor-associated antigen Folate Receptor alpha (FRα). FRα is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein. Its overexpression in tumors such as ovarian, breast and lung cancers, low and restricted distribution in normal tissues, alongside emerging insights into tumor-promoting functions and association of expression with patient prognosis, together render FRα an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the role of FRα in cancer development, we consider FRα as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool, and we discuss different targeted treatment approaches with a specific focus on monoclonal antibodies. Renewed attention to FRα may point to novel individualized treatment approaches to improve the clinical management of patient groups that do not adequately benefit from current conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Opzoomer
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacinta Bloomfield
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fittall
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - James F Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Ilieva KM, Fazekas-Singer J, Achkova DY, Dodev TS, Mele S, Crescioli S, Bax HJ, Cheung A, Karagiannis P, Correa I, Figini M, Marlow R, Josephs DH, Beavil AJ, Maher J, Spicer JF, Jensen-Jarolim E, Tutt AN, Karagiannis SN. Functionally Active Fc Mutant Antibodies Recognizing Cancer Antigens Generated Rapidly at High Yields. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1112. [PMID: 28959256 PMCID: PMC5604060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies find broad application as therapy for various types of cancer by employing multiple mechanisms of action against tumors. Manipulating the Fc-mediated functions of antibodies that engage immune effector cells, such as NK cells, represents a strategy to influence effector cell activation and to enhance antibody potency and potentially efficacy. We developed a novel approach to generate and ascertain the functional attributes of Fc mutant monoclonal antibodies. This entailed coupling single expression vector (pVitro1) antibody cloning, using polymerase incomplete primer extension (PIPE) polymerase chain reaction, together with simultaneous Fc region point mutagenesis and high yield transient expression in human mammalian cells. Employing this, we engineered wild type, low (N297Q, NQ), and high (S239D/I332E, DE) FcR-binding Fc mutant monoclonal antibody panels recognizing two cancer antigens, HER2/neu and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4. Antibodies were generated with universal mutagenic primers applicable to any IgG1 pVitro1 constructs, with high mutagenesis and transfection efficiency, in small culture volumes, at high yields and within 12 days from design to purified material. Antibody variants conserved their Fab-mediated recognition of target antigens and their direct anti-proliferative effects against cancer cells. Fc mutations had a significant impact on antibody interactions with Fc receptors (FcRs) on human NK cells, and consequently on the potency of NK cell activation, quantified by immune complex-mediated calcium mobilization and by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of tumor cells. This strategy for manipulation and testing of Fc region engagement with cognate FcRs can facilitate the design of antibodies with defined effector functions and potentially enhanced efficacy against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Ilieva
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Fazekas-Singer
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Y Achkova
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tihomir S Dodev
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Oncology, Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Correa
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Marlow
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Maher
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Eastbourne, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Kretschmer A, Schwanbeck R, Valerius T, Rösner T. Antibody Isotypes for Tumor Immunotherapy. Transfus Med Hemother 2017; 44:320-326. [PMID: 29070977 DOI: 10.1159/000479240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to the evolutionary diversity of antibody isotypes, the spectrum of currently approved therapeutic antibodies is biased to the human IgG1 isotype. Detailed studies into the different structures and functions of human isotypes have suggested that other isotypes than IgG1 may be advantageous for specific indications - depending on the complex interplay between the targeted antigen or epitope, the desired mode of action, the pharmacokinetic properties, and the biopharmaceutical considerations. Thus, it may be speculated that with the increasing number of antibodies becoming available against a broadening spectrum of target antigens, identification of the optimal antibody isotype for particular therapeutic applications may become critical for the therapeutic success of individual antibodies. Thus, investments into this rather unexplored area of antibody immunotherapy may provide opportunities for distinction in the increasingly busy 'antibody space'. Therefore, IgG, IgA, IgE as well as IgM isotypes will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kretschmer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Schwanbeck
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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24
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Karagiannis SN, Josephs DH, Bax HJ, Spicer JF. Therapeutic IgE Antibodies: Harnessing a Macrophage-Mediated Immune Surveillance Mechanism against Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2779-2783. [PMID: 28526770 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IgG monoclonal antibodies have made significant contributions to cancer therapy, but suffer from several limitations that restrict their effectiveness in unleashing host immune system components against tumors. The development of monoclonal antibodies of an alternative class, namely IgE, may offer enhanced immune surveillance and superior effector cell potency against cancer cells. In our recent article, we elaborate our proof-of-concept studies of a mouse/human chimeric IgE antibody (MOv18 IgE), which is specific for the cancer-associated antigen folate receptor alpha. We demonstrate superior antitumor efficacy for IgE compared with an otherwise identical IgG in a syngeneic immunocompetent animal, and we identify TNFα/MCP-1 signaling as an IgE-mediated mechanism of monocyte and macrophage activation and recruitment to tumors. These findings draw parallels with powerful macrophage-activating functions employed by IgE against parasites, rather than allergic IgE mechanisms. The potential clinical application of IgE-derived drugs in clinical oncology is clear if the antitumor activity of MOv18 IgE in these preclinical experiments can be replicated in patients. In particular, different IgE antibodies with specificity for many other antigens already validated as targets for IgG suggest a wide potential for development of a novel class of antibody therapy. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2779-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Jensen‐Jarolim E, Bax HJ, Bianchini R, Capron M, Corrigan C, Castells M, Dombrowicz D, Daniels‐Wells TR, Fazekas J, Fiebiger E, Gatault S, Gould HJ, Janda J, Josephs DH, Karagiannis P, Levi‐Schaffer F, Meshcheryakova A, Mechtcheriakova D, Mekori Y, Mungenast F, Nigro EA, Penichet ML, Redegeld F, Saul L, Singer J, Spicer JF, Siccardi AG, Spillner E, Turner MC, Untersmayr E, Vangelista L, Karagiannis SN. AllergoOncology - the impact of allergy in oncology: EAACI position paper. Allergy 2017; 72:866-887. [PMID: 28032353 PMCID: PMC5498751 DOI: 10.1111/all.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Th2 immunity and allergic immune surveillance play critical roles in host responses to pathogens, parasites and allergens. Numerous studies have reported significant links between Th2 responses and cancer, including insights into the functions of IgE antibodies and associated effector cells in both antitumour immune surveillance and therapy. The interdisciplinary field of AllergoOncology was given Task Force status by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in 2014. Affiliated expert groups focus on the interface between allergic responses and cancer, applied to immune surveillance, immunomodulation and the functions of IgE-mediated immune responses against cancer, to derive novel insights into more effective treatments. Coincident with rapid expansion in clinical application of cancer immunotherapies, here we review the current state-of-the-art and future translational opportunities, as well as challenges in this relatively new field. Recent developments include improved understanding of Th2 antibodies, intratumoral innate allergy effector cells and mediators, IgE-mediated tumour antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells, as well as immunotherapeutic strategies such as vaccines and recombinant antibodies, and finally, the management of allergy in daily clinical oncology. Shedding light on the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer is paving the way for new avenues of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jensen‐Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - H. J. Bax
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - R. Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - M. Capron
- LIRIC‐Unité Mixte de Recherche 995 INSERMUniversité de Lille 2CHRU de LilleLilleFrance
| | - C. Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung BiologyMedical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Castells
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and AllergyDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - D. Dombrowicz
- INSERMCHU LilleEuropean Genomic Institute of DiabetesInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011 – récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabèteUniversité de LilleLilleFrance
| | - T. R. Daniels‐Wells
- Division of Surgical OncologyDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - J. Fazekas
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - E. Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition ResearchDepartment of Medicine ResearchChildren's University Hospital BostonBostonMAUSA
| | - S. Gatault
- LIRIC‐Unité Mixte de Recherche 995 INSERMUniversité de Lille 2CHRU de LilleLilleFrance
| | - H. J. Gould
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung BiologyMedical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - J. Janda
- Center PigmodInstitute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsAcademy of Sciences of Czech RepublicLibechovCzech Republic
| | - D. H. Josephs
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - P. Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - F. Levi‐Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics UnitFaculty of MedicineSchool of PharmacyThe Institute for Drug ResearchThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - A. Meshcheryakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - D. Mechtcheriakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Y. Mekori
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - F. Mungenast
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - E. A. Nigro
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - M. L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical OncologyDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - F. Redegeld
- Division of PharmacologyFaculty of ScienceUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - L. Saul
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - J. Singer
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - J. F. Spicer
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - E. Spillner
- Immunological EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - M. C. Turner
- ISGlobalCentre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk AssessmentUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - E. Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - L. Vangelista
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNazarbayev University School of MedicineAstanaKazakhstan
| | - S. N. Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
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26
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Chiaruttini G, Mele S, Opzoomer J, Crescioli S, Ilieva KM, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. B cells and the humoral response in melanoma: The overlooked players of the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1294296. [PMID: 28507802 PMCID: PMC5414880 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1294296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of tumor-resident mature B cell and antibody compartments and reports of associations with favorable prognosis in malignant melanoma suggest that humoral immunity could participate in antitumor defense. Likely striving to confer immunological protection while being subjected to tumor-promoting immune tolerance, B cells may engender multiple functions, including antigen processing and presentation, cytokine-mediated signaling, antibody class switching, expression and secretion. We review key evidence in support of multifaceted immunological mechanisms by which B cells may counter or contribute to malignant melanoma, and we discuss their potential translational implications. Dissecting the contributions of tumor-associated humoral responses can inform future treatment avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chiaruttini
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - James Opzoomer
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK
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27
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Josephs DH, Bax HJ, Dodev T, Georgouli M, Nakamura M, Pellizzari G, Saul L, Karagiannis P, Cheung A, Herraiz C, Ilieva KM, Correa I, Fittall M, Crescioli S, Gazinska P, Woodman N, Mele S, Chiaruttini G, Gilbert AE, Koers A, Bracher M, Selkirk C, Lentfer H, Barton C, Lever E, Muirhead G, Tsoka S, Canevari S, Figini M, Montes A, Downes N, Dombrowicz D, Corrigan CJ, Beavil AJ, Nestle FO, Jones PS, Gould HJ, Sanz-Moreno V, Blower PJ, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Anti-Folate Receptor-α IgE but not IgG Recruits Macrophages to Attack Tumors via TNFα/MCP-1 Signaling. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1127-1141. [PMID: 28096174 PMCID: PMC6173310 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IgE antibodies are key mediators of antiparasitic immune responses, but their potential for cancer treatment via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been little studied. Recently, tumor antigen-specific IgEs were reported to restrict cancer cell growth by engaging high-affinity Fc receptors on monocytes and macrophages; however, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms were undefined and in vivo proof of concept was limited. Here, an immunocompetent rat model was designed to recapitulate the human IgE-Fcε receptor system for cancer studies. We also generated rat IgE and IgG mAbs specific for the folate receptor (FRα), which is expressed widely on human ovarian tumors, along with a syngeneic rat tumor model expressing human FRα. Compared with IgG, anti-FRα IgE reduced lung metastases. This effect was associated with increased intratumoral infiltration by TNFα+ and CD80+ macrophages plus elevated TNFα and the macrophage chemoattractant MCP-1 in lung bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Increased levels of TNFα and MCP-1 correlated with IgE-mediated tumor cytotoxicity by human monocytes and with longer patient survival in clinical specimens of ovarian cancer. Monocytes responded to IgE but not IgG exposure by upregulating TNFα, which in turn induced MCP-1 production by monocytes and tumor cells to promote a monocyte chemotactic response. Conversely, blocking TNFα receptor signaling abrogated induction of MCP-1, implicating it in the antitumor effects of IgE. Overall, these findings show how antitumor IgE reprograms monocytes and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, encouraging the clinical use of IgE antibody technology to attack cancer beyond the present exclusive reliance on IgG. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1127-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tihomir Dodev
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mirella Georgouli
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Saul
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Herraiz
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Correa
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fittall
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Gazinska
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Woodman
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Chiaruttini
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Gilbert
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Koers
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marguerite Bracher
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Selkirk
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Lentfer
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Barton
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elliott Lever
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Muirhead
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Montes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noel Downes
- Sequani, Ledbury, Herefordshire, United Kingdom
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Lille, France
| | - Christopher J Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Research Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paul S Jones
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Gould
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Blower
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Barton C, Vigor K, Scott R, Jones P, Lentfer H, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Karagiannis SN, Spicer JF. Beta-glucan contamination of pharmaceutical products: How much should we accept? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1289-1301. [PMID: 27473075 PMCID: PMC5069311 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beta-glucans are large polysaccharides produced by a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. They have potential immunostimulatory properties and have been used with therapeutic intent as anti-microbial and anti-tumour agents. A range of other potentially beneficial effects have been described, and oral forms of beta-glucans are widely available over-the-counter and online. Parenteral formulations are popular in parts of Asia and are the subject of ongoing trials, worldwide. Beta-glucans are also potential contaminants of pharmaceutical products, and high levels have been described in some blood products. However, little is known about the clinical effects of such contamination, considerable uncertainty exists over the level at which immunostimulation may occur, and there are no guidelines available on acceptable levels. We encountered beta-glucan contamination of one of our products, and we suspect that others may encounter similar issues since the origin of beta-glucan contamination includes commonly used filters and solutions applied in the manufacture of biotherapeutic agents. It is likely that regulators will increasingly enquire about beta-glucan levels in pharmaceutical products, especially those with an immunomodulatory mechanism of action. Here, we review the literature on beta-glucans in pharmaceutical products and propose an acceptable level for therapeutic agents for parenteral use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Barton
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St John Street, London, EC1V 4AD, UK.
| | - Kim Vigor
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Robert Scott
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Paul Jones
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St John Street, London, EC1V 4AD, UK
| | - Heike Lentfer
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Research Oncology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Research Oncology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Research Oncology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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29
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Vigor K, Emerson J, Scott R, Cheek J, Barton C, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Karagiannis SN, Spicer JF, Lentfer H. Development of downstream processing to minimize beta-glucan impurities in GMP-manufactured therapeutic antibodies. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1494-1502. [PMID: 27604040 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of impurities or contaminants in biological products such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) could affect efficacy or cause adverse reactions in patients. ICH guidelines (Q6A and Q6B) are in place to regulate the level of impurities within clinical drug products. An impurity less often reported and, therefore, lacking regulatory guideline is beta-glucan. Beta-glucans are polysaccharides of d-glucose monomers linked by (1-3) beta-glycosidic bonds, and are produced by prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, including plants. They may enter manufacturing processes via raw materials such as cellulose-based membrane filters or sucrose. Here we report the detection of beta-glucan contamination of a monoclonal IgE antibody (MOv18), manufactured in our facility for a first-in-human, first-in-class clinical trial in patients with cancer. Since beta-glucans have potential immunostimulatory properties and can cause symptomatic infusion reactions, it was of paramount importance to identify the source of beta-glucans in our product and to reduce the levels to clinically insignificant concentrations. We identified beta-glucans in sucrose within the formulation buffer and within the housing storage buffer of the virus removal filter. We also detected low level beta-glucan contamination in two of four commercially available antibodies used in oncology. Both formulation buffers contained sucrose. We managed to reduce levels of beta-glucan in our product 10-fold, by screening all sucrose raw material, filtering the sucrose by Posidyne® membrane filtration, and by incorporating extra wash steps when preparing the virus removal filter. The beta-glucan levels now lie within a range that is unlikely to cause clinically significant immunological effects. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1494-1502, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Vigor
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, U.K
| | - John Emerson
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, U.K
| | - Robert Scott
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, U.K
| | - Julia Cheek
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, U.K
| | - Claire Barton
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, EC1V 4AD, U.K
| | - Heather J Bax
- Div. of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Debra H Josephs
- Div. of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- Div. of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - James F Spicer
- Div. of Cancer Studies, Dept. of Research Oncology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Heike Lentfer
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, U.K
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30
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Nigro EA, Brini AT, Yenagi VA, Ferreira LM, Achatz-Straussberger G, Ambrosi A, Sanvito F, Soprana E, van Anken E, Achatz G, Siccardi AG, Vangelista L. Cutting Edge: IgE Plays an Active Role in Tumor Immunosurveillance in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2583-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Pellizzari G, Spicer JF, Montes A, Karagiannis SN. Therapeutic targets and new directions for antibodies developed for ovarian cancer. MAbs 2016; 8:1437-1455. [PMID: 27494775 PMCID: PMC5098446 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1219005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapeutics against different target antigens are widely used in the treatment of different malignancies including ovarian carcinomas, but this disease still requires more effective agents. Improved understanding of the biological features, signaling pathways, and immunological escape mechanisms involved in ovarian cancer has emerged in the past few years. These advances, including an appreciation of the cross-talk between cancer cells and the patient's immune system, have led to the identification of new targets. In turn, potential antibody treatments with various mechanisms of action, including immune activation or toxin-delivery, that are directed at these targets have been developed. Here, we identify established as well as novel targets for antibodies in ovarian cancer, and discuss how they may provide fresh opportunities to identify interventions with enhanced therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Bax
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK.,b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK.,b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK.,b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - James F Spicer
- b Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Ana Montes
- c Department of Medical Oncology , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- a St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
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Blank U, Charles N, Benhamou M. The high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor as pharmacological target. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 778:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Crescioli S, Correa I, Karagiannis P, Davies AM, Sutton BJ, Nestle FO, Karagiannis SN. IgG4 Characteristics and Functions in Cancer Immunity. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:7. [PMID: 26742760 PMCID: PMC4705142 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IgG4 is the least abundant subclass of IgG in normal human serum, but elevated IgG4 levels are triggered in response to a chronic antigenic stimulus and inflammation. Since the immune system is exposed to tumor-associated antigens over a relatively long period of time, and tumors notoriously promote inflammation, it is unsurprising that IgG4 has been implicated in certain tumor types. Despite differing from other IgG subclasses by only a few amino acids, IgG4 possesses unique structural characteristics that may be responsible for its poor effector function potency and immunomodulatory properties. We describe the unique attributes of IgG4 that may be responsible for these regulatory functions, particularly in the cancer context. We discuss the inflammatory conditions in tumors that support IgG4, the emerging and proposed mechanisms by which IgG4 may contribute to tumor-associated escape from immune surveillance and implications for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Isabel Correa
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Anna M Davies
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Brian J Sutton
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK. .,St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kings' College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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34
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Bantleon F, Wolf S, Seismann H, Dam S, Lorentzen A, Miehe M, Jabs F, Jakob T, Plum M, Spillner E. Human IgE is efficiently produced in glycosylated and biologically active form in lepidopteran cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 72:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Beers SA, Glennie MJ, White AL. Influence of immunoglobulin isotype on therapeutic antibody function. Blood 2016; 127:1097-101. [PMID: 26764357 PMCID: PMC4797141 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-625343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics are revolutionizing cancer treatment; however, not all tumors respond, and agent optimization is essential to improve outcome. It has become clear over recent years that isotype choice is vital to therapeutic success with agents that work through different mechanisms, direct tumor targeting, agonistic receptor engagement, or receptor-ligand blockade, having contrasting requirements. Here we summarize how isotype dictates mAb activity and discuss ways in which this information can be used for the development of enhanced therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ann L White
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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36
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Sutton BJ, Davies AM. Structure and dynamics of IgE-receptor interactions: FcεRI and CD23/FcεRII. Immunol Rev 2015; 268:222-35. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Sutton
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; King's College London; London UK
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; London UK
| | - Anna M. Davies
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; King's College London; London UK
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; London UK
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37
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Nicodemus CF. Antibody-based immunotherapy of solid cancers: progress and possibilities. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:923-39. [PMID: 26314410 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies remain a primary product option for novel cancer treatment. The properties of an antibody are a function of the antigen specificity and constant region incorporated. The rapid advance in molecular understanding of cancer biology and the host-tumor interaction has defined a new range of targets for antibody development. The clinical success of the checkpoint inhibitors has validated immune modulation and mobilization as a therapeutic approach. Solid cancers are distinguished from hematologic malignancies because the solid tumor stroma contains significant tumor promoting and immune dampening elements less prominent in hematologic cancer. This review highlights how engineered monoclonal antibody products are emerging as potential cornerstones of new more personalized cancer treatment paradigms that target both tumor and the stromal environment.
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38
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Karagiannis P, Villanova F, Josephs DH, Correa I, Van Hemelrijck M, Hobbs C, Saul L, Egbuniwe IU, Tosi I, Ilieva KM, Kent E, Calonje E, Harries M, Fentiman I, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, Burchell J, Spicer JF, Lacy KE, Nestle FO, Karagiannis SN. Elevated IgG4 in patient circulation is associated with the risk of disease progression in melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1032492. [PMID: 26451312 PMCID: PMC4590000 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1032492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests pathological and immunoregulatory functions for IgG4 antibodies and IgG4+ B cells in inflammatory diseases and malignancies. We previously reported that IgG4 antibodies restrict activation of immune effector cell functions and impair humoral responses in melanoma. Here, we investigate IgG4 as a predictor of risk for disease progression in a study of human sera (n = 271: 167 melanoma patients; 104 healthy volunteers) and peripheral blood B cells (n = 71: 47 melanoma patients; 24 healthy volunteers). IgG4 (IgG4/IgGtotal) serum levels were elevated in melanoma. High relative IgG4 levels negatively correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. In early stage (I-II) disease, serum IgG4 was independently negatively prognostic for progression-free survival, as was elevation of IgG4+ circulating B cells (CD45+CD22+CD19+CD3-CD14-). In human tissues (n = 256; 108 cutaneous melanomas; 56 involved lymph nodes; 60 distant metastases; 32 normal skin samples) IgG4+ cell infiltrates were found in 42.6% of melanomas, 21.4% of involved lymph nodes and 30% of metastases, suggesting inflammatory conditions that favor IgG4 at the peripheral and local levels. Consistent with emerging evidence for an immunosuppressive role for IgG4, these findings indicate association of elevated IgG4 with disease progression and less favorable clinical outcomes. Characterizing immunoglobulin and other humoral immune profiles in melanoma might identify valuable prognostic tools for patient stratification and in the future lead to more effective treatments less prone to tumor-induced blockade mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK ; University Hospital of Hamburg Eppendorf; Department of Oncology; Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hamburg, Germany
| | - Federica Villanova
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK ; Department of Research Oncology; Division of Cancer Studies; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London; Guy's Hospital ; London, UK
| | - Isabel Correa
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King's College London; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; Division of Cancer Studies; Cancer Epidemiology Group; Guy's Hospital; London, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Center for Age-Related Diseases; King's College London ; London, UK
| | - Louise Saul
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK ; Department of Research Oncology; Division of Cancer Studies; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London; Guy's Hospital ; London, UK
| | - Isioma U Egbuniwe
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK
| | - Isabella Tosi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK ; Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit; Department of Research Oncology; Guy's Hospital; King's College London School of Medicine ; London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Kent
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK
| | - Eduardo Calonje
- Skin Tumor Unit; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's Hospital, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust ; London, UK
| | - Mark Harries
- Clinical Oncology; Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust , London, UK
| | - Ian Fentiman
- Department of Research Oncology; Division of Cancer Studies; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London; Guy's Hospital ; London, UK
| | - Joyce Taylor-Papadimitriou
- Department of Research Oncology; Division of Cancer Studies; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London; Guy's Hospital ; London, UK
| | - Joy Burchell
- Department of Research Oncology; Division of Cancer Studies; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London; Guy's Hospital ; London, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- Department of Research Oncology; Division of Cancer Studies; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London; Guy's Hospital ; London, UK
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK ; Skin Tumor Unit; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's Hospital, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust ; London, UK
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London; Guy's Hospital; King's College London ; London, UK
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39
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Gould HJ, Ramadani F. IgE responses in mouse and man and the persistence of IgE memory. Trends Immunol 2014; 36:40-8. [PMID: 25499855 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and robust recall or 'memory' responses are an essential feature of adaptive immunity. They constitute a defense against reinfection by pathogens, yet arguably do more harm than good in allergic disease. Immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies mediate the allergic reaction characterized by immediate hypersensitivity, a manifestation of IgE memory. The origin of IgE memory remains obscure, mainly due to the low proportion of IgE-expressing B cells in the total B cell population. The recent development of ultrasensitive methods for tracking these cells in vivo has overcome this obstacle, and their use has revealed unexpected pathways to IgE memory in the mouse. Here, we review these findings and consider their bearing on our understanding of IgE memory and allergic disease in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Gould
- Divisions of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Faruk Ramadani
- Divisions of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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40
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Malas S, Harrasser M, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. Antibody therapies for melanoma: new and emerging opportunities to activate immunity (Review). Oncol Rep 2014; 32:875-86. [PMID: 24969320 PMCID: PMC4121424 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interface between malignant melanoma and patient immunity has long been recognised and efforts to treat this most lethal form of skin cancer by activating immune responses with cytokine, vaccine and also antibody immunotherapies have demonstrated promise in limited subsets of patients. In the present study, we discuss different antibody immunotherapy approaches evaluated in the context of melanoma, each designed to act on distinct targets and to employ different mechanisms to restrict tumour growth and spread. Monoclonal antibodies recognising melanoma-associated antigens such as CSPG4/MCSP and targeting elements of tumour-associated vasculature (VEGF) have constituted long-standing translational approaches aimed at reducing melanoma growth and metastasis. Recent insights into mechanisms of immune regulation and tumour-immune cell interactions have helped to identify checkpoint molecules on immune (CTLA4, PD-1) and tumour (PD-L1) cells as promising therapeutic targets. Checkpoint blockade with antibodies to activate immune responses and perhaps to counteract melanoma-associated immunomodulatory mechanisms led to the first clinical breakthrough in the form of an anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody. Novel modalities to target key mechanisms of immune suppression and to redirect potent effector cell subsets against tumours are expected to improve clinical outcomes and to provide previously unexplored avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Malas
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Micaela Harrasser
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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41
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Saul L, Josephs DH, Cutler K, Bradwell A, Karagiannis P, Selkirk C, Gould HJ, Jones P, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Comparative reactivity of human IgE to cynomolgus monkey and human effector cells and effects on IgE effector cell potency. MAbs 2014; 6:509-22. [PMID: 24492303 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to genetic similarities with humans, primates of the macaque genus such as the cynomolgus monkey are often chosen as models for toxicology studies of antibody therapies. IgE therapeutics in development depend upon engagement with the FcεRI and FcεRII receptors on immune effector cells for their function. Only limited knowledge of the primate IgE immune system is available to inform the choice of models for mechanistic and safety evaluations. METHODS The recognition of human IgE by peripheral blood lymphocytes from cynomolgus monkey and man was compared. We used effector cells from each species in ex vivo affinity, dose-response, antibody-receptor dissociation and potency assays. RESULTS We report cross-reactivity of human IgE Fc with cynomolgus monkey cells, and comparable binding kinetics to peripheral blood lymphocytes from both species. In competition and dissociation assays, however, human IgE dissociated faster from cynomolgus monkey compared with human effector cells. Differences in association and dissociation kinetics were reflected in effector cell potency assays of IgE-mediated target cell killing, with higher concentrations of human IgE needed to elicit effector response in the cynomolgus monkey system. Additionally, human IgE binding on immune effector cells yielded significantly different cytokine release profiles in each species. CONCLUSION These data suggest that human IgE binds with different characteristics to human and cynomolgus monkey IgE effector cells. This is likely to affect the potency of IgE effector functions in these two species, and so has relevance for the selection of biologically-relevant model systems when designing pre-clinical toxicology and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Saul
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK; Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; Great Maze Pond; London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK; Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; Great Maze Pond; London, UK
| | - Keith Cutler
- Public Health England; Porton Down; Salisbury, Wiltshire UK
| | | | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK
| | - Chris Selkirk
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit; Cancer Research UK; South Mimms, Hertfordshire UK
| | - Hannah J Gould
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics & Division of Asthma; Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London; London, UK
| | - Paul Jones
- Drug Development Office; Strategy and Research Funding; Cancer Research UK; London, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; Great Maze Pond; London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK
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