1
|
Glassman AR, Zachariah TT. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF BLOOD CULTURES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL FINDINGS AND OUTCOME IN GREEN SEA TURTLES ( CHELONIA MYDAS) AT A FLORIDA SEA TURTLE REHABILITATION FACILITY, 2017-2020. J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 54:766-775. [PMID: 38252000 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Septicemia is commonly suspected of sea turtles entering rehabilitation. However, blood culture results of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) are infrequently reported in the literature. Aerobic blood cultures were performed for intake examinations of 167 green sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation at Brevard Zoo's Sea Turtle Healing Center, Melbourne, Florida, USA from 2017 to 2020. The incidence of positive cultures during intake examinations was 24% (40/167). The most common bacterial isolates identified were Vibrio alginolyticus, Shewanella algae, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Photobacterium damselae, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. There was a statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between culture status and evidence of external injury. There was no significant association between culture status and Caryospora-like coccidia infection, or fibropapillomatosis. Culture-positive turtles had significantly lower (P < 0.05) total white blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte, total protein, albumin, and calculated globulin values compared to turtles with negative blood cultures. Significantly more culture-positive turtles died in rehabilitation compared to culture-negative (P = 0.042). Positive blood cultures suggestive of septicemia are commonly found during intake examinations at a Florida sea turtle rehabilitation facility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Glassman
- Department of Veterinary Programs, Brevard Zoo, Melbourne, FL 32940, USA,
| | - Trevor T Zachariah
- Department of Veterinary Programs, Brevard Zoo, Melbourne, FL 32940, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manes C, Herren RM, Page A, Dunlap FD, Skibicki CA, Rollinson Ramia DR, Farrell JA, Capua I, Carthy RR, Duffy DJ. Green Turtle Fibropapillomatosis: Tumor Morphology and Growth Rate in a Rehabilitation Setting. Vet Sci 2023; 10:421. [PMID: 37505827 PMCID: PMC10383401 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a neoplastic disease most often found in green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Afflicted turtles are burdened with potentially debilitating tumors concentrated externally on the soft tissues, plastron, and eyes and internally on the lungs, kidneys, and the heart. Clinical signs occur at various levels, ranging from mild disease to severe debilitation. Tumors can both progress and regress in affected turtles, with outcomes ranging from death due to the disease to complete regression. Since its official description in the scientific literature in 1938, tumor growth rates have been rarely documented. In addition, FP tumors come in two very different morphologies; yet, to our knowledge, there have been no quantified differences in growth rates between tumor types. FP tumors are often rugose in texture, with a polypoid to papillomatous morphology, and may or may not be pedunculated. In other cases, tumors are smooth, with a skin-like surface texture and little to no papillose structures. In our study, we assessed growth-rate differences between rugose and smooth tumor morphologies in a rehabilitation setting. We measured average biweekly tumor growth over time in green turtles undergoing rehabilitation at the University of Florida Whitney Laboratory Sea Turtle Hospital in St. Augustine, Florida, and compared growth between rugose and smooth tumors. Our results demonstrate that both rugose and smooth tumors follow a similar active growth progression pattern, but rugose tumors grew at significantly faster rates (p = 0.013) than smooth ones. We also documented regression across several examined tumors, ranging from -0.19% up to -10.8% average biweekly negative growth. Our study offers a first-ever assessment of differential growth between tumor morphologies and an additional diagnostic feature that may lead to a more comprehensive understanding and treatment of the disease. We support the importance of tumor morphological categorization (rugose versus smooth) being documented in future FP hospital- and field-based health assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Manes
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Richard M Herren
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, FL 32609, USA
| | - Annie Page
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - Faith D Dunlap
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Devon R Rollinson Ramia
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA
| | - Jessica A Farrell
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA
| | - Ilaria Capua
- School of Advanced International Studies, John Hopkins University, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Raymond R Carthy
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David J Duffy
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ebani VV. Bacterial Infections in Sea Turtles. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050333. [PMID: 37235416 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea turtles are important for the maintenance of marine and beach ecosystems, but they are seriously endangered due to factors mainly related to human activities and climate change such as pollution, temperature increase, and predation. Infectious and parasitic diseases may contribute to reducing the number of sea turtles. Bacteria are widespread in marine environments and, depending on the species, may act as primary or opportunistic pathogens. Most of them are able to infect other animal species, including humans, in which they can cause mild or severe diseases. Therefore, direct or indirect contact of humans with sea turtles, their products, and environment where they live represent a One Health threat. Chlamydiae, Mycobacteria, and Salmonellae are known zoonotic agents able to cause mild or severe diseases in sea turtles, other animals, and humans. However, other bacteria that are potentially zoonotic, including those that are antimicrobially resistant, are involved in different pathologies of marine turtles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Antimicrobial Resistance in Loggerhead Sea Turtles ( Caretta caretta): A Comparison between Clinical and Commensal Bacterial Isolates. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082435. [PMID: 34438892 PMCID: PMC8388645 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gram negative organisms are frequently isolated from Caretta caretta and may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, commensal bacteria isolated from oral and cloacal samples of 98 healthy C. caretta were compared to clinical isolates isolated from the wounds of 102 injured animals, in order to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance bacteria in free-living loggerheads from the Adriatic Sea. A total of 410 bacteria were cultured and differences were noted in the isolated genera, as some of them were isolated only in healthy animals, while others were isolated only from injured animals. When tested for susceptibility to antimicrobials, clinical isolates showed highly significant differences in the antimicrobial resistance rates vs. commensal isolates for all the drugs tested, except for doxycycline. The detection of high antimicrobial resistance rates in loggerhead sea turtles is of clinical and microbiological significance since it impacts both the choice of a proper antibiotic therapy and the implementation of conservation programs. Abstract Gram negative organisms are frequently isolated from Caretta caretta turtles, which can act as reservoir species for resistant microorganisms in the aquatic environment. C. caretta, which have no history of treatment with antimicrobials, are useful sentinel species for resistant microbes. In this culture-based study, commensal bacteria isolated from oral and cloacal samples of 98 healthy C. caretta were compared to clinical isolates from the wounds of 102 injured animals, in order to investigate the presence of AMR bacteria in free-living loggerheads from the Adriatic Sea. A total of 410 isolates were cultured. Escherichia coli and genera such as Serratia, Moraxella, Kluyvera, Salmonella were isolated only in healthy animals, while Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Morganella were isolated only from the wounds of the injured animals. When tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, gentamicin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, the clinical isolates showed highly significant differences in AMR rates vs. commensal isolates for all the drugs tested, except for doxycycline. The detection of high AMR rates in loggerheads is of clinical and microbiological significance since it impacts both the choice of a proper antibiotic therapy and the implementation of conservation programs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Trotta A, Cirilli M, Marinaro M, Bosak S, Diakoudi G, Ciccarelli S, Paci S, Buonavoglia D, Corrente M. Detection of multi-drug resistance and AmpC β-lactamase/extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in bacterial isolates of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112015. [PMID: 33513540 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles are useful sentinels to monitor the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the marine coastal ecosystems. Forty Gram negative bacteria were isolated from wounds of 52 injured Caretta caretta, living in the Mediterranean Sea. Bacteria were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and tested for susceptibility to 15 antibiotics. In addition, NGS amplicon sequencing was performed to detect the presence of AmpC β-lactamase genes (blaAmpC) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes (blaCTX-M,blaSHV,blaTEM). Seventy-five percent of the isolates (30/40 isolates) exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes and 32.5% (13/40 isolates) were confirmed to be positive for at least one gene. The variants of ESBLs genes were blaCTX-M-3,blaTEM-236 and blaSHV-12. Variants of the blaAmpCβ-lactamase gene i.e., blaACT-24, blaACT-2, blaACT-17, blaDHA-4 and blaCMY-37, were also detected. In addition, 4 isolates were found simultaneously harboring CTX and AmpC genes while 2 strains harbored 3 genes (blaACT-2+TEM-236+SHV-12, and blaCTX-M-3+ACT-24+TEM-236).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trotta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - Margie Cirilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Marinaro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sunčica Bosak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciccarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Serena Paci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Marialaura Corrente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blackburn NB, Leandro AC, Nahvi N, Devlin MA, Leandro M, Martinez Escobedo I, Peralta JM, George J, Stacy BA, deMaar TW, Blangero J, Keniry M, Curran JE. Transcriptomic Profiling of Fibropapillomatosis in Green Sea Turtles ( Chelonia mydas) From South Texas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630988. [PMID: 33717164 PMCID: PMC7943941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor promoting disease that is one of several threats globally to endangered sea turtle populations. The prevalence of FP is highest in green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) populations, and historically has shown considerable temporal growth. FP tumors can significantly affect the ability of turtles to forage for food and avoid predation and can grow to debilitating sizes. In the current study, based in South Texas, we have applied transcriptome sequencing to FP tumors and healthy control tissue to study the gene expression profiles of FP. By identifying differentially expressed turtle genes in FP, and matching these genes to their closest human ortholog we draw on the wealth of human based knowledge, specifically human cancer, to identify new insights into the biology of sea turtle FP. We show that several genes aberrantly expressed in FP tumors have known tumor promoting biology in humans, including CTHRC1 and NLRC5, and provide support that disruption of the Wnt signaling pathway is a feature of FP. Further, we profiled the expression of current targets of immune checkpoint inhibitors from human oncology in FP tumors and identified potential candidates for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Blackburn
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Leandro
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Nina Nahvi
- Sea Turtle Inc., South Padre Island, TX, United States
| | | | - Marcelo Leandro
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | | | - Juan M. Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jeff George
- Sea Turtle Inc., South Padre Island, TX, United States
| | - Brian A. Stacy
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Megan Keniry
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Antibiotic Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wild Captured Loggerhead Sea Turtles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040162. [PMID: 32268481 PMCID: PMC7235709 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea turtles have been proposed as health indicators of marine habitats and carriers of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, for their longevity and migratory lifestyle. Up to now, a few studies evaluated the antibacterial resistant flora of Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) and most of them were carried out on stranded or recovered animals. In this study, the isolation and the antibiotic resistance profile of 90 Gram negative bacteria from cloacal swabs of 33 Mediterranean wild captured loggerhead sea turtles are described. Among sea turtles found in their foraging sites, 23 were in good health and 10 needed recovery for different health problems (hereafter named weak). Isolated cloacal bacteria belonged mainly to Enterobacteriaceae (59%), Shewanellaceae (31%) and Vibrionaceae families (5%). Although slight differences in the bacterial composition, healthy and weak sea turtles shared antibiotic-resistant strains. In total, 74 strains were endowed with one or multi resistance (up to five different drugs) phenotypes, mainly towards ampicillin (~70%) or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (more than 30%). Hence, our results confirmed the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains also in healthy marine animals and the role of the loggerhead sea turtles in spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
|
8
|
Page-Karjian A, Perrault JR, Zirkelbach B, Pescatore J, Riley R, Stadler M, Zachariah TT, Marks W, Norton TM. Tumor re-growth, case outcome, and tumor scoring systems in rehabilitated green turtles with fibropapillomatosis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 137:101-108. [PMID: 31854328 DOI: 10.3354/dao03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is an infectious, neoplastic disease of major concern in sea turtle rehabilitation facilities. Rehabilitating sea turtles that undergo tumor removal surgery often have tumor regrowth and may experience mortality. We evaluated tumor score, removal, and regrowth in rehabilitating green sea turtles with FP in 4 rehabilitation facilities in the southeastern USA during 2009-2017. Of 756 cases, 312 (41%) underwent tumor removal surgery, 155 (50%) of those had tumor regrowth within an average of 46 ± 45 d, and 85 (27%) had multiple (>1) regrowth events. Of 756 turtles with FP, 563 (75%) did not survive after admission into a rehabilitation facility, including 283 (37%) that were euthanized and 280 that died without euthanasia (37%), and 193 survived, including 186 (25%) released and 7 (1%) placed in permanent captive care. Tumor removal surgery increased the odds of tumor regrowth but also enhanced survivorship, whereas tumor regrowth was not a significant predictor of case outcome. Three FP tumor scoring systems were used to assign tumor scores to 449 cases, and differing results emphasize that tumor scoring systems should be applied to the situations and/or location(s) for which they were intended. FP tumor score was not a significant predictor for the event or extent of FP tumor regrowth after surgical excision. Under current rehabilitation regimes, outcomes of rehabilitation for tumored turtles have a low probability of success. The results of this study may be used to help guide clinical decision-making and determine prognoses for rehabilitating sea turtles with FP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Page-Karjian
- Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chuen-Im T, Suriyant D, Sawetsuwannakun K, Kitkumthorn N. The Occurrence of Vibrionaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae in Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Rearing Seawater. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2019; 31:303-310. [PMID: 31342564 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, levels of Vibrionaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were observed in seawater from juvenile green turtle Chelonia mydas rearing tanks and in the incoming coastal seawater (the water supply). Bacterial loads were compared between the incoming coastal seawater and two different rearing conditions: in cement tanks at a low stocking density and in fiberglass tanks at a high stocking density. The total bacterial counts in seawater from fiberglass tanks were statistically greater than those in cement tanks. The nonlactose and lactose fermenting enterobacteria, tellurite-reducing bacteria, and total plate counts in water from all rearing containers were greater than those in coastal seaweater by a logarithmic fold change of 2--3. Differences in bacterial population structure of the incoming coastal seawater and rearing water were also addressed. The results from biochemical identification of 344 isolates revealed that the bacteria that were commonly found in water samples were Citrobacter spp., Enterobacteria spp., Edwardsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Photobacterium spp., Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio spp. Conclusively, the microbiological monitoring of rearing water provides important and essential information on the management of aquatic animal health and husbandry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanaporn Chuen-Im
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakorn Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Dolaphum Suriyant
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakorn Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Koraphan Sawetsuwannakun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakorn Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
da Silva-Júnior ES, de Farias DSD, da Costa Bomfim A, da Boaviagem Freire AC, Revorêdo RÂ, Rossi S, Matushima ER, Hildebrand Grisi-Filho JH, de Lima Silva FJ, Gavilan SA. Stranded Marine Turtles in Northeastern Brazil: Incidence and Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Fibropapillomatosis. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1359.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edson Soares da Silva-Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Comparada, Brazil [; ; ; rafael.revoredo@hotma
| | - Daniel Solon Dias de Farias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Comparada, Brazil [; ; ; rafael.revoredo@hotma
| | - Aline da Costa Bomfim
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Comparada, Brazil [; ; ; rafael.revoredo@hotma
| | - Augusto Carlos da Boaviagem Freire
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Laboratório de Monitoramento de Biota Marinha, Brazil [; ]
| | - Rafael Ângelo Revorêdo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Comparada, Brazil [; ; ; rafael.revoredo@hotma
| | - Silmara Rossi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Comparada, Brazil [; ; ; rafael.revoredo@hotma
| | - Eliana Reiko Matushima
- Grupo de Estudos sobre Fibropapilomatose em Tartarugas Marinhas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil []
| | - José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Biostatística, Brazil []
| | - Flávio José de Lima Silva
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Laboratório de Monitoramento de Biota Marinha, Brazil [; ]
| | - Simone Almeida Gavilan
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Comparada, Brazil [; ; ; rafael.revoredo@hotma
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Phobalysin: Fisheye View of Membrane Perforation, Repair, Chemotaxis and Adhesion. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070412. [PMID: 31315179 PMCID: PMC6669599 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phobalysin P (PhlyP, for photobacterial lysin encoded on a plasmid) is a recently described small β-pore forming toxin of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd). This organism, belonging to the family of Vibrionaceae, is an emerging pathogen of fish and various marine animals, which occasionally causes life-threatening soft tissue infections and septicemia in humans. By using genetically modified Pdd strains, PhlyP was found to be an important virulence factor. More recently, in vitro studies with purified PhlyP elucidated some basic consequences of pore formation. Being the first bacterial small β-pore forming toxin shown to trigger calcium-influx dependent membrane repair, PhlyP has advanced to a revealing model toxin to study this important cellular function. Further, results from co-culture experiments employing various Pdd strains and epithelial cells together with data on other bacterial toxins indicate that limited membrane damage may generally enhance the association of bacteria with target cells. Thereby, remodeling of plasma membrane and cytoskeleton during membrane repair could be involved. In addition, a chemotaxis-dependent attack-and track mechanism influenced by environmental factors like salinity may contribute to PhlyP-dependent association of Pdd with cells. Obviously, a synoptic approach is required to capture the regulatory links governing the interaction of Pdd with target cells. The characterization of Pdd’s secretome may hold additional clues because it may lead to the identification of proteases activating PhlyP’s pro-form. Current findings on PhlyP support the notion that pore forming toxins are not just killer proteins but serve bacteria to fulfill more subtle functions, like accessing their host.
Collapse
|
12
|
Goławska O, Zając M, Maluta A, Pristas P, Hamarová Ľ, Wasyl D. Complex bacterial flora of imported pet tortoises deceased during quarantine: Another zoonotic threat? Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:154-159. [PMID: 31300107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Turtoises are a great puzzle when it comes to their bacterial flora, the composition and structure of which are still unknown in details. Its component which has been best described so far is Salmonella spp., presumably due to the threat of reptile-associated salmonellosis in humans. This investigation tried to assess and characterize intestinal bacterial flora of imported tortoises found dead during quarantine. Most of the animals carried various serovars of Salmonella showing no antimicrobial resistance. Presence of multiresistant Escherichia coli was possibly a result of industrial breeding and high usage of antimicrobials. Thirteen bacterial species or genera like Citrobacter spp., Morganella spp., Pseudomonas spp. were identified. Their commensal character is assumed, although pathogenic potential might be verified. The results indicate global tortoise trade as a source of common and exotic bacteria or antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in new geographical areas. These dangers indicate the need for a systematic survey of exotic pets and establishment of legal requirements for reptile health conditions on breeding, trade premises and in households with such pets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Goławska
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zając
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | | | - Peter Pristas
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Hamarová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dariusz Wasyl
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland; Department of Omic Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Identification of bacteria present in ulcerative stomatitis lesions of captive sea turtles Chelonia mydas. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:251-254. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
14
|
Ahasan MS, Waltzek TB, Huerlimann R, Ariel E. Fecal bacterial communities of wild-captured and stranded green turtles (Chelonia mydas) on the Great Barrier Reef. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 93:4562628. [PMID: 29069420 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are endangered marine herbivores that break down food particles, primarily sea grasses, through microbial fermentation. However, the microbial community and its role in health and disease is still largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated and compared the fecal bacterial communities of eight wild-captured green turtles to four stranded turtles in the central Great Barrier Reef regions that include Bowen and Townsville. We used high-throughput sequencing analysis targeting the hypervariable V1-V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. At the phylum level, Firmicutes predominated among wild-captured green turtles, followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. In contrast, Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria) was the most significantly dominant phylum among all stranded turtles, followed by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. In addition, Fusobacteria was also significantly abundant in stranded turtles. No significant differences were found between the wild-captured turtles in Bowen and Townsville. At the family level, the core bacterial community consisted of 25 families that were identified in both the wild-captured and stranded green turtles, while two unique sets of 14 families each were only found in stranded or wild-captured turtles. The predominance of Bacteroides in all groups indicates the importance of these bacteria in turtle gut health. In terms of bacterial diversity and richness, wild-captured green turtles showed a higher bacterial diversity and richness compared with stranded turtles. The marked differences in the bacterial communities between wild-captured and stranded turtles suggest the possible dysbiosis in stranded turtles in addition to potential causal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Ahasan
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Qld, Australia
| | - Thomas B Waltzek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Qld, Australia
| | - Ellen Ariel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Qld, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kittle RP, McDermid KJ, Muehlstein L, Balazs GH. Effects of glyphosate herbicide on the gastrointestinal microflora of Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas) Linnaeus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:170-174. [PMID: 29475651 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Hawaii, glyphosate-based herbicides frequently sprayed near shorelines may be affecting non-target marine species. Glyphosate inhibits aromatic amino acid biosynthesis (shikimate pathway), and is toxic to beneficial gut bacteria in cattle and chickens. Effects of glyphosate on gut bacteria in marine herbivorous turtles were assessed in vitro. When cultures of mixed bacterial communities from gastrointestinal tracts of freshly euthanized green turtles (Chelonia mydas), were exposed for 24h to six glyphosate concentrations (plus deionized water control), bacterial density was significantly lower at glyphosate concentrations≥2.2×10-4gL-1 (absorbance measured at 600nm wavelength). Using a modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay, the growth of four bacterial isolates (Pantoea, Proteus, Shigella, and Staphylococcus) was significantly inhibited by glyphosate concentrations≥1.76×10-3gL-1. Reduced growth or lower survival of gut bacteria in green turtles exposed to glyphosate could have adverse effects on turtle digestion and overall health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Kittle
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Program, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720-4091, USA.
| | - Karla J McDermid
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720-4091, USA.
| | - Lisa Muehlstein
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720-4091, USA.
| | - George H Balazs
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 1845 Wasp Blvd., Honolulu, HI 96818, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chaves A, Aguirre AA, Blanco-Peña K, Moreira-Soto A, Monge O, Torres AM, Soto-Rivas JL, Lu Y, Chacón D, Fonseca L, Jiménez M, Gutiérrez-Espeleta G, Lierz M. Examining the Role of Transmission of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5. ECOHEALTH 2017; 14:530-541. [PMID: 28512730 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a devastating neoplastic disease characterized by single or multiple cutaneous and visceral fibrovascular tumors. Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) has been identified as the most likely etiologic agent. From 2010 to 2013, the presence of ChHV5 DNA was determined in apparently normal skin, tumors and swab samples (ocular, nasal and cloacal) collected from 114 olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and 101 green (Chelonia mydas) turtles, with and without FP tumors, on the Pacific coasts of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. For nesting olive ridley turtles from Costa Rica without FP, 13.5% were found to be positive for ChHV5 DNA in at least one sample, while in Nicaragua, all olive ridley turtles had FP tumors, and 77.5% tested positive for ChHV5 DNA. For green turtles without FP, 19.8% were found to be positive for ChHV5 DNA in at least one of the samples. In turtles without FP tumors, ChHV5 DNA was detected more readily in skin biopsies than swabs. Juvenile green turtles caught at the foraging site had a higher prevalence of ChHV5 DNA than adults. The presence of ChHV5 DNA in swabs suggests a possible route of viral transmission through viral secretion and excretion via corporal fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chaves
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurte Str. 91-93, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - A Alonso Aguirre
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Kinndle Blanco-Peña
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Andrés Moreira-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 2060-1000, Costa Rica
| | - Otto Monge
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Ana M Torres
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - José L Soto-Rivas
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Ciencias Comerciales, P-84, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Environmental Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 1960 East-West Road, Biomed D105, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Luis Fonseca
- WIDECAST Costa Rica, San Jose, 496-1100, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 2060-1000, Costa Rica
| | | | - Michael Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurte Str. 91-93, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ariel E, Nainu F, Jones K, Juntunen K, Bell I, Gaston J, Scott J, Trocini S, Burgess GW. Phylogenetic Variation of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in Populations of Green Turtles Chelonia mydas along the Queensland Coast, Australia. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2017; 29:150-157. [PMID: 28524816 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2017.1330783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a disease marked by the proliferation of benign but debilitating cutaneous and occasional visceral tumors, likely to be caused by chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). This study presents a phylogeny of ChHV5 strains found on the east coast of Queensland, Australia, and a validation for previously unused primers. Two different primer sets (gB-1534 and gB-813) were designed to target a region including part of the UL27 glycoprotein B (gB) gene and part of UL28 of ChHV5. Sequences obtained from FP tumors found on juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas (<65 cm curved carapace length) had substantial homology with published ChHV5 sequences, while a skin biopsy from a turtle without FP failed to react in the PCRs used in this study. The resulting sequences were used to generate a neighbor-joining tree from which three clusters of ChHV5 from Australian waters were identified: north Australian, north Queensland, and Queensland clusters. The clusters reflect the collection sites on the east coast of Queensland with a definitive north-south trend. Received October 22, 2016; accepted May 7, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ariel
- a College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland 4811 , Australia
| | - F Nainu
- b College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; and Faculty of Pharmacy , Hasanuddin University , South Sulawesi 90245 . Makassar , Indonesia
| | - K Jones
- a College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland 4811 , Australia
| | - K Juntunen
- a College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland 4811 , Australia
| | - I Bell
- c Department of Environment and Heritage Protection , Post Office Box 5597, Townsville , Queensland 4810 , Australia
| | - J Gaston
- d Gudjuda Reference Group Aboriginal Corporation , Corner First Street and Georgees Road, Home Hill , Queensland 4806 , Australia
| | - J Scott
- a College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland 4811 , Australia
| | - S Trocini
- e School of Veterinary and Life Sciences , Murdoch University Murdoch , Western Australia 6150 , Australia
| | - G W Burgess
- a College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland 4811 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Crespo-Picazo JL, García-Parraga D, Domènech F, Tomás J, Aznar FJ, Ortega J, Corpa JM. Parasitic outbreak of the copepod Balaenophilus manatorum in neonate loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from a head-starting program. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:154. [PMID: 28577532 PMCID: PMC5457584 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diseases associated to external parasitosis are scarcely reported in sea turtles. During the last decades several organism have been documented as a part of normal epibiont community connected to sea turtles. The copepod Balaenophilus manatorum has been cited as a part of epibiont fauna with some concern about its parasitic capacity. This study serves three purposes, i.e. (i) it sheds light on the type of life style that B. manatorum has developed with its hosts, particularly turtles; (ii) it makes a cautionary note of the potential health risks associated with B. manatorum in sea turtles under captivity conditions and in the wild, and (iii) it provides data on effective treatments against B. manatorum. RESULTS We report for the first time a massive infestation of the copepod B. manatorum and subsequent acute mortality in a group of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings. Four-month-old turtles from a head-starting program started exhibiting excitatory and fin rubbing behavior preceding an acute onset of lethargy, skin ulceration and death in some animals. All the individuals (n = 57) were affected by severe copepod load and presented different degrees of external macroscopic skin lesions. The ventral area of front flippers, axillar and pericloacal skin were mostly affected, and were the main parasite distribution regions. Copepods were also detected on plastron and carapace sutures. The gut contents of B. manatorum reacted positively for cytokeratin, indicating consumption of turtle skin. Severe ulcerative necrotic dermatitis and large amount of bacteria presence were the major histopathological findings. CONCLUSIONS Individual fresh water immersion for 10 min and lufenuron administration (0.1 ppm) to the water system every 2 weeks proved effective for removing turtle parasites and to control re-infestation, respectively. The results from our study clearly indicated that B. manatorum individuals consume turtle skin. The pathological effects of this agent and the potential implications in sea turtle conservation and management are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Crespo-Picazo
- Veterinary Services, Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain.
| | - D García-Parraga
- Veterinary Services, Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Domènech
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Tomás
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - F J Aznar
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ortega
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, PASACTA (Histología y Anatomía Patológica), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avda. Seminario, s/n, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Corpa
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, PASACTA (Histología y Anatomía Patológica), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avda. Seminario, s/n, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reséndiz E, Flores-Ramírez S, Koch V, Cordero-Tapia A. First Record of Fibropapillomatosis in a Green Turtle Chelonia mydas from the Baja California Peninsula. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2016; 28:252-257. [PMID: 27786797 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2016.1223207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is characterized by multiple fibroepithelial tumors in all parts of the skin and has been reported in sea turtles worldwide. Clinically infected individuals are often emaciated and anemic. In Mexico, however, there are few records of this disease. In this study of green turtles Chelonia mydas in Laguna San Ignacio in Baja California Sur (BCS), we noted one juvenile with multifocal fibropapilloma lesions on the external upper surface of its eyes and hind flippers. Light microscopy revealed hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, dermal papillary projections, and fibroblast proliferation. Electron microscopy revealed viral particles. Biopsies of normal skin were done to determine the origin of the turtle through genetic analysis. Its mitochondrial DNA matched that of a haplotype (CMP2) from a Hawaiian green turtle population. Finding FP in a turtle captured in BCS elucidates the need for further monitoring along the west coast of Mexico. Further investigation should include testing tumors to detect and characterize any chelonid herpesviruses and explore any association with FP and other diseases that pose a health risk to other sea turtle species. Received March 26, 2016; accepted August 3, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Reséndiz
- a Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur , Carretera al Sur KM 5.5, Apartado Postal 19-B,C.P. 23080 , La Paz , Baja California Sur , México
| | - Sergio Flores-Ramírez
- a Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur , Carretera al Sur KM 5.5, Apartado Postal 19-B,C.P. 23080 , La Paz , Baja California Sur , México
| | - Volker Koch
- a Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur , Carretera al Sur KM 5.5, Apartado Postal 19-B,C.P. 23080 , La Paz , Baja California Sur , México
| | - Amaury Cordero-Tapia
- b Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste , Mar Bermejo 195, Colonia: Playa Palo de Santa Rita , Apartado Postal 128, C.P. 23090 , La Paz , Baja California Sur , México
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tagliolatto AB, Guimarães SM, Lobo-Hajdu G, Monteiro-Neto C. Characterization of fibropapillomatosis in green turtles Chelonia mydas (Cheloniidae) captured in a foraging area in southeastern Brazil. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 121:233-240. [PMID: 27786161 DOI: 10.3354/dao03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a multifactorial disease that affects all species of marine turtles, including green turtles Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758). It is characterised by the development of internal or external tumours that, depending on their locations and sizes, may intensely impact the health condition of sea turtles. The goal of this study was to characterise the disease in C. mydas found in a foraging area in southeastern Brazil, evaluate the prevalence in this region, and correlate presence and absence, size, body distribution, number of tumours, and disease severity with biometric variables of the captured green turtles. Between 2008 and 2014, the prevalence rate of FP was 43.09%, out of 246 green turtles. The size of the animals with FP was relatively greater than animals without tumours, and the prevalence of FP increased with animal size, peaking in the 60-80 cm size class. From 2013 to 2014, gross evaluation of fibropapillomas was performed. The number of tumours per turtle ranged from 1 to 158. The size of tumours ranged from <1 cm (Size A) to >10 cm (Size D); Size A tumours and turtles slightly affected by the disease (Score 1) predominated. Tumour progression (72.1%) and regression (32.8%) were seen in some recaptured individuals (n = 61). Moreover, 24.6% of these turtles showed both progressions and regressions of tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alícia Bertoloto Tagliolatto
- Laboratório ECOPESCA - Biologia do Nécton e Ecologia Pesqueira, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Pós Graduação em Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24001-970 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sung CC, Tachibana Y, Suzuki M, Hsieh WC, Kasuya KI. Identification of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-degrading bacterium isolated from coastal seawater in Japan as Shewanella sp. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Fichi G, Cardeti G, Cersini A, Mancusi C, Guarducci M, Di Guardo G, Terracciano G. Bacterial and viral pathogens detected in sea turtles stranded along the coast of Tuscany, Italy. Vet Microbiol 2016; 185:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
A review of fibropapillomatosis in Green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Vet J 2015; 212:48-57. [PMID: 27256025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite being identified in 1938, many aspects of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of fibropapillomatosis (FP) in marine turtles are yet to be fully uncovered. Current knowledge suggests that FP is an emerging infectious disease, with the prevalence varying both spatially and temporally, even between localities in close proximity to each other. A high prevalence of FP in marine turtles has been correlated with residency in areas of reduced water quality, indicating that there is an environmental influence on disease presentation. Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) has been identified as the likely aetiological agent of FP. The current taxonomic position of ChHV5 is in the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Scutavirus. Molecular differentiation of strains has revealed that a viral variant is typically present at specific locations, even within sympatric species of marine turtles, indicating that the disease FP originates regionally. There is uncertainty surrounding the exact path of transmission and the conditions that facilitate lesion development, although recent research has identified atypical genes within the genome of ChHV5 that may play a role in pathogenesis. This review discusses emerging areas where researchers might focus and theories behind the emergence of FP globally since the 1980s, which appear to be a multi-factorial interplay between the virus, the host and environmental factors influencing disease expression.
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu Y, Shang XX, Yi ZW, Gu L, Zeng RY. Shewanella mangrovi sp. nov., an acetaldehyde-degrading bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:2630-2634. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A taxonomic study was carried out on strain YQH10T, which was isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Zhangzhou, China during the screening of acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria. Cells of strain YQH10T were Gram-stain-negative rods and pale brown-pigmented. Growth was observed at salinities from 0 to 11 % and at temperatures from 4 to 42 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YQH10T is affiliated to the genus Shewanella, showing the highest similarity with Shewanella haliotis DW01T (95.7 %) and other species of the genus Shewanella (91.4–95.6 %). The principal fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA had a G+C content of 48.3 mol%. Strain YQH10T can completely degrade 0.02 % (w/v) acetaldehyde on 2216E at 28 °C within 48 h. Based on these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain YQH10T represents a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YQH10T ( = MCCC 1A00830T = JCM 30121T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xie-Xie Shang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Yi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Li Gu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Run-Ying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Aguirre AA, Velazquez-Roman J, Flores-Villaseñor H, León-Sicairos N, Ley-Quiñonez CP, Hernández-Díaz LDJ, Canizalez-Roman A. Isolation, characterization, and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio spp. in sea turtles from Northwestern Mexico. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:635. [PMID: 26161078 PMCID: PMC4480150 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerobic oral and cloacal bacterial microbiota and their antimicrobial resistance were characterized for 64 apparently healthy sea turtles captured at their foraging grounds in Ojo de Liebre Lagoon (OLL), Baja California Sur (BCS), Mexico (Pacific Ocean) and the lagoon system of Navachiste (LSN) and Marine Area of Influence (MAI), Guasave, Sinaloa (Gulf of California). A total of 34 black turtles (Chelonia mydas agassizii) were sampled in OLL and eight black turtles and 22 olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) were sampled in LSN and MAI, respectively from January to December 2012. We isolated 13 different species of Gram-negative bacteria. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Vibrio alginolyticus in 39/64 (60%), V. parahaemolyticus in 17/64 (26%), and V. cholerae in 6/64 (9%). However, V. cholerae was isolated only from turtles captured from the Gulf of California (MAI). Among V. parahaemolyticus strains, six O serogroups and eight serovars were identified from which 5/17 (29.4%) belonged to the pathogenic strains (tdh+ gene) and 2/17 (11.7%) had the pandemic clone (tdh+ and toxRS/new+). Among V. cholerae strains, all were identified as non-O1/non-O139, and in 4/6 (66%) the accessory cholera enterotoxin gene (ace) was identified but without virulence gene zot, ctxA, and ctxB. Of the isolated V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, and V. alginolyticus strains, 94.1, 33.4, and 100% demonstrated resistance to at least one commonly prescribed antibiotic (primarily to ampicillin), respectively. In conclusion, the presence of several potential (toxigenic) human pathogens in sea turtles may represent transmission of environmental microbes and a high-risk of food-borne disease. Therefore, based on the fact that it is illegal and unhealthy, we discourage the consumption of sea turtle meat or eggs in northwestern Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Zavala-Norzagaray
- Programa Regional Para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacán, México ; Departamento de medio ambiente y desarrollo comunitario, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Sinaloa Guasave, Mexico
| | - A Alonso Aguirre
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jorge Velazquez-Roman
- Research Unit, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- Research Unit, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | - C P Ley-Quiñonez
- Departamento de medio ambiente y desarrollo comunitario, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Sinaloa Guasave, Mexico
| | - Lucio De Jesús Hernández-Díaz
- Programa Regional Para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacán, México
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- Research Unit, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health Culiacán, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cortés-Gómez AA, Fuentes-Mascorro G, Romero D. Metals and metalloids in whole blood and tissues of Olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) from La Escobilla Beach (Oaxaca, Mexico). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:367-375. [PMID: 25301056 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of eight metals and metalloids (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Ni and As) were evaluated from 41 nesting females (blood) and 13 dead (tissues) Olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), a species classified as vulnerable and also listed in Appendix I of the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). The mean blood, liver and kidney lead concentration were 0.02 ± 0.01, 0.11 ± 0.08 and 0.06 ± 0.03 μ gg(-1) ww respectively, values lower than other turtle species and locations, which it could be due to the gradual disuse of leaded gasoline in Mexico and Central America since the 1990s. Mean concentration of cadmium was 0.17 ± 0.08 (blood), 82.88 ± 36.65 (liver) and 150.88 ± 110.9 9μg g(-1) (kidney). To our knowledge, the mean renal cadmium levels found is the highest ever reported worldwide for any sea turtle species, while other six elements showed a concentration similar to other studies in sea turtles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Cortés-Gómez
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Gisela Fuentes-Mascorro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (LIRA), Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Factors influencing survivorship of rehabilitating green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomatosis. J Zoo Wildl Med 2014; 45:507-19. [PMID: 25314817 DOI: 10.1638/2013-0132r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a debilitating, infectious neoplastic disease that has reached epizootic proportions in several tropical and subtropical populations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas). FP represents an important health concern in sea turtle rehabilitation facilities. The objectives of this study were to describe the observed epidemiology, biology, and survival rates of turtles affected by FP (FP+ turtles) in a rehabilitation environment; to evaluate clinical parameters as predictors of survival in affected rehabilitating turtles; and to provide information about case progression scenarios and potential outcomes for FP+ sea turtle patients. A retrospective case series analysis was performed using the medical records of the Georgia Sea Turtle Center (GSTC), Jekyll Island, Georgia, USA, during 2009-2013. Information evaluated included signalment, morphometrics, presenting complaint, time to FP onset, tumor score (0-3), co-morbid conditions, diagnostic test results, therapeutic interventions, and case outcomes. Overall, FP was present in 27/362 (7.5%) of all sea turtles admitted to the GSTC for rehabilitation, either upon admittance or during their rehabilitation. Of these, 25 were green and 2 were Kemp's ridley turtles. Of 10 turtles that had only plaque-like FP lesions, 60% had natural tumor regression, all were released, and they were significantly more likely to survive than those with classic FP (P = 0.02 [0.27-0.75, 95% CI]). Turtles without ocular FP were eight times more likely to survive than those with ocular FP (odds ratio = 8.75, P = 0.032 [1.21-63.43, 95% CI]). Laser-mediated tumor removal surgery is the treatment of choice for FP+ patients at the GSTC; number of surgeries was not significantly related to case outcome.
Collapse
|
28
|
Figuerola B, Sala-Comorera L, Angulo-Preckler C, Vázquez J, Jesús Montes M, García-Aljaro C, Mercadé E, Blanch AR, Avila C. Antimicrobial activity of Antarctic bryozoans: an ecological perspective with potential for clinical applications. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 101:52-59. [PMID: 25232675 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of Antarctic bryozoans and the ecological functions of the chemical compounds involved remain largely unknown. To determine the significant ecological and applied antimicrobial effects, 16 ether and 16 butanol extracts obtained from 13 different bryozoan species were tested against six Antarctic (including Psychrobacter luti, Shewanella livingstonensis and 4 new isolated strains) and two bacterial strains from culture collections (Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus). Results from the bioassays reveal that all ether extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against some bacteria. Only one butanol extract produced inhibition, indicating that antimicrobial compounds are mainly lipophilic. Ether extracts of the genus Camptoplites inhibited the majority of bacterial strains, thus indicating a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Moreover, most ether extracts presented activities against bacterial strains from culture collections, suggesting the potential use of these extracts as antimicrobial drugs against pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Figuerola
- Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Laura Sala-Comorera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Carlos Angulo-Preckler
- Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jennifer Vázquez
- Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - M Jesús Montes
- Department of Health Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Aljaro
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Elena Mercadé
- Department of Health Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anicet R Blanch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Keene E, Soule T, Paladino F. Microbial Isolations from Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and East Pacific Green (Chelonia mydas agassizii) Sea Turtle Nests in Pacific Costa Rica, and Testing of Cloacal Fluid Antimicrobial Properties. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1051.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
Zwarg T, Rossi S, Sanches TC, Cesar MDO, Werneck MR, Matushima ER. Hematological and histopathological evaluation of wildlife green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with and without fibropapilloma from the north coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blood profiles were determined in 47 juvenile green turtles, Chelonia mydas, from São Paulo northern coast, Brazil. Twenty-nine were affected by fibropapillomas and 18 were tumor free. Complete gross and histopathologic examinations of the fibropapillo were performed in 21 green turtles. Biometrical data, size, location and amount of tumors were recorded. The papillomas varied in morphology, location, size, color and texture. We found hyperplastic stroma, rich in blood vessels and connective tissue with increase in thickness of the dermis. The tumors w0ere classified as papillomas or fibropapillomas according to their epithelial and/or stromal proliferation. The lowest Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (HCM) values were observed in affected turtles.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ramamurthy T, Chowdhury G, Pazhani GP, Shinoda S. Vibrio fluvialis: an emerging human pathogen. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:91. [PMID: 24653717 PMCID: PMC3948065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio fluvialis is a pathogen commonly found in coastal environs. Considering recent increase in numbers of diarrheal outbreaks and sporadic extraintestinal cases, V. fluvialis has been considered as an emerging pathogen. Though this pathogen can be easily isolated by existing culture methods, its identification is still a challenging problem due to close phenotypic resemblance either with Vibrio cholerae or Aeromonas spp. However, using molecular tools, it is easy to identify V. fluvialis from clinical and different environmental samples. Many putative virulence factors have been reported, but its mechanisms of pathogenesis and survival fitness in the environment are yet to be explored. This chapter covers some of the major discoveries that have been made to understand the importance of V. fluvialis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sumio Shinoda
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ley-Quiñónez CP, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Réndon-Maldonado JG, Espinosa-Carreón TL, Canizales-Román A, Escobedo-Urías DC, Leal-Acosta ML, Hart CE, Aguirre AA. Selected heavy metals and selenium in the blood of black sea turtle (Chelonia mydas agasiizzi) from Sonora, Mexico. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 91:645-651. [PMID: 24072261 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, Mn) and selenium (Se) was analyzed in blood collected from 12 black turtles (Chelonia mydas agasiizzi) captured in Canal del Infiernillo, Punta Chueca, Mexico. The most abundant metals were Zn (63.58 μg g(-1)) and Se (7.66 μg g(-1)), and Cd was the lower (0.99 μg g(-1)). The sequential concentrations of trace metals were Zn > Se > Cu > Mn > Ni > Cd. In conclusion, this information is important as a baseline when using blood as tissue analysis of heavy metals; however, these levels could represent recent exposure in foraging grounds of black turtles in the Sea of Cortez.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P Ley-Quiñónez
- Programa para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sung HR, Yoon JH, Ghim SY. Shewanella dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:1636-1643. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.032995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain, designated UDC329T, was isolated from a sample of seawater collected at Dong-do, on the coast of Dokdo Island, in the East Sea of the Republic of Korea. The Gram-staining-negative, motile, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming rods of the strain developed into dark orange–yellow colonies. The strain grew optimally between 25 and 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. It grew in the absence of NaCl, but not with NaCl at >7 % (w/v). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7, the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8, and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (33.52 %) and C17 : 1ω8c (11.73 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain UDC329T was 50.2 mol%. In phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences, strain UDC329T was grouped with members of the genus
Shewanella
and appeared most closely related to
Shewanella fodinae
JC15T (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity),
Shewanella indica
KJW27T (95.0 %),
Shewanella algae
ATCC 51192T (94.8 %),
Shewanella haliotis
DW01T (94.5 %) and
Shewanella chilikensis
JC5T (93.9 %). The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain UDC329T and
S. fodinae
JC15T was, however, only 27.4 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and DNA–DNA relatedness data, strain UDC329T represents a novel species in the genus
Shewanella
, for which the name Shewanella dokdonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UDC329T ( = KCTC 22898T = DSM 23626T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ri Sung
- School of Life Sciences, Research Institute for Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), PO Box 115, Yusong, Daejeon 306-809, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Youl Ghim
- School of Life Sciences, Research Institute for Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The etiology of reptilian viral diseases can be attributed to a wide range of viruses occurring across different genera and families. Thirty to forty years ago, studies of viruses in reptiles focused mainly on the zoonotic potential of arboviruses in reptiles and much effort went into surveys and challenge trials of a range of reptiles with eastern and western equine encephalitis as well as Japanese encephalitis viruses. In the past decade, outbreaks of infection with West Nile virus in human populations and in farmed alligators in the USA has seen the research emphasis placed on the issue of reptiles, particularly crocodiles and alligators, being susceptible to, and reservoirs for, this serious zoonotic disease. Although there are many recognised reptilian viruses, the evidence for those being primary pathogens is relatively limited. Transmission studies establishing pathogenicity and cofactors are likewise scarce, possibly due to the relatively low commercial importance of reptiles, difficulties with the availability of animals and permits for statistically sound experiments, difficulties with housing of reptiles in an experimental setting or the inability to propagate some viruses in cell culture to sufficient titres for transmission studies. Viruses as causes of direct loss of threatened species, such as the chelonid fibropapilloma associated herpesvirus and ranaviruses in farmed and wild tortoises and turtles, have re-focused attention back to the characterisation of the viruses as well as diagnosis and pathogenesis in the host itself. 1. Introduction 2. Methods for working with reptilian viruses 3. Reptilian viruses described by virus families 3.1. Herpesviridae 3.2. Iridoviridae 3.2.1 Ranavirus 3.2.2 Erythrocytic virus 3.2.3 Iridovirus 3.3. Poxviridae 3.4. Adenoviridae 3.5. Papillomaviridae 3.6. Parvoviridae 3.7. Reoviridae 3.8. Retroviridae and inclusion body disease of Boid snakes 3.9. Arboviruses 3.9.1. Flaviviridae 3.9.2. Togaviridae 3.10. Caliciviridae 3.11. Picornaviridae 3.12. Paramyxoviridae 4. Summary 5. Acknowledgements 6. Competing interests 7. References
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Ariel
- Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ley-Quiñónez C, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Espinosa-Carreón TL, Peckham H, Marquez-Herrera C, Campos-Villegas L, Aguirre AA. Baseline heavy metals and metalloid values in blood of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from Baja California Sur, Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:1979-1983. [PMID: 21788056 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution due to heavy metals is having an increased impact on marine wildlife accentuated by anthropogenic changes in the planet including overfishing, agricultural runoff and marine emerging infectious diseases. Sea turtles are considered sentinels of ecological health in marine ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine baseline concentrations of zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, selenium, manganese, mercury and lead in blood of 22 clinically healthy, loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta), captured for several reasons in Puerto López Mateos, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Zinc was the most prevalent metal in blood (41.89 μg g⁻¹), followed by Selenium (10.92 μg g⁻¹). The mean concentration of toxic metal Cadmium was 6.12 μg g⁻¹ and 1.01μg g⁻¹ respectively. Mean concentrations of metals followed this pattern: Zn>Se>Ni>Cu>Mn>Cd>Pb and Hg. We can conclude that blood is an excellent tissue to measure in relatively non-invasive way baseline values of heavy metals in Caretta caretta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ley-Quiñónez
- CIIDIR-SIN, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dikow RB. Systematic relationships within the Vibrionaceae (Bacteria: Gammaproteobacteria): steps toward a phylogenetic taxonomy. Cladistics 2011; 27:9-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
37
|
Chuen-Im T, Areekijseree M, Chongthammakun S, Graham SV. Aerobic Bacterial Infections in Captive Juvenile Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) and Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Thailand. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-0808.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
38
|
Park SC, Baik KS, Kim MS, Kim D, Seong CN. Shewanella marina sp. nov., isolated from seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:1888-94. [PMID: 19567571 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.005470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A motile, rod-shaped, pale-brown-pigmented bacterium, designated strain C4T, was isolated from seawater collected from the South Sea (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1omega7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH; 19.4%), C16:0 (16.3%), C17:1omega8c (9.5%) and iso-C15:0 (7.7%). The DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain C4T formed a lineage within the genus Shewanella (92.7-96.1% sequence similarity to representative strains of the genus Shewanella) and was part of a distinct branch with the clade comprising Shewanella haliotis DW01T and Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T. Phenotypic characteristics enabled strain C4T to be distinguished from S. haliotis and S. algae. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain C4T represents a novel species, for which the name Shewanella marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C4T (=KCTC 22185T=JCM 15074T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Chan Park
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Discovery of a novel single-stranded DNA virus from a sea turtle fibropapilloma by using viral metagenomics. J Virol 2008; 83:2500-9. [PMID: 19116258 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01946-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral metagenomics, consisting of viral particle purification and shotgun sequencing, is a powerful technique for discovering viruses associated with diseases with no definitive etiology, viruses that share limited homology with known viruses, or viruses that are not culturable. Here we used viral metagenomics to examine viruses associated with sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP), a debilitating neoplastic disease affecting sea turtles worldwide. By means of purifying and shotgun sequencing the viral community directly from the fibropapilloma of a Florida green sea turtle, a novel single-stranded DNA virus, sea turtle tornovirus 1 (STTV1), was discovered. The single-stranded, circular genome of STTV1 was approximately 1,800 nucleotides in length. STTV1 has only weak amino acid level identities (25%) to chicken anemia virus in short regions of its genome; hence, STTV1 may represent the first member of a novel virus family. A total of 35 healthy turtles and 27 turtles with FP were tested for STTV1 using PCR, and only 2 turtles severely afflicted with FP were positive. The affected turtles were systemically infected with STTV1, since STTV1 was found in blood and all major organs. STTV1 exists as a quasispecies, with several genome variants identified in the fibropapilloma of each positive turtle, suggesting rapid evolution of this virus. The STTV1 variants were identical over the majority of their genomes but contained a hypervariable region with extensive divergence. This study demonstrates the potential of viral metagenomics for discovering novel viruses directly from animal tissue, which can enhance our understanding of viral evolution and diversity.
Collapse
|
40
|
Santoro M, Hernandéz G, Caballero M, García F. Potential Bacterial Pathogens Carried by Nesting Leatherback Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in Costa Rica. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-0666.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
41
|
Kim D, Baik KS, Kim MS, Jung BM, Shin TS, Chung GH, Rhee MS, Seong CN. Shewanella haliotis sp. nov., isolated from the gut microflora of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:2926-2931. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A motile, rod-shaped, pink–orange pigmented bacterium, designated strain DW01T, was isolated from the gut microflora of abalone collected from the South Sea (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (17.7 %), C16 : 0 (13.4 %), iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1
ω7c (12.5 %) and C17 : 1
ω8c (10.7 %). The DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DW01T forms a lineage of the genus Shewanella and is closely related to Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T (98.3 % sequence similarity) and to other members of the genus Shewanella (91.0–94.9 %). The phenotypic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness data indicate that strain DW01T should be distinguished from S. algae ATCC 51192T. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain DW01T represents a novel species, for which the name Shewanella haliotis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DW01T (=KCTC 12896T=JCM 14758T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duwoon Kim
- Division of Food Science and Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Sik Baik
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Mi Jung
- Division of Food Science and Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Sun Shin
- Division of Food Science and Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Hwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Soo Rhee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Nam Seong
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Beleneva IA, Zhukova NV, Le Lan H, Nguyen Tran DH. Taxonomic composition of bacteria associated with cultivated mollusks Crassostrea lugubris and Perna viridis and with the water of the Gulf of Nha Trang lagoon, Vietnam. Microbiology (Reading) 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261707020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
43
|
Aguirre AA, Balazs GH, Spraker TR, Murakawa SKK, Zimmerman B. Pathology of Oropharyngeal Fibropapillomatosis in Green Turtles Chelonia mydas. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2006; 18:298-304. [PMID: 26599046 DOI: 10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0298:poofig>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Complete gross and histopathologic examinations of the oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, larynx, and glottis were performed in five Hawaiian green turtles Chelonia mydas with fibropapillomatosis. These examinations demonstrated that the oropharyngeal fibropapillomas were similar to characteristic external fibropapillomas previously described for green turtles. The size, appearance, and anatomic site of the tumors confirmed that these turtles presented total or partial occlusion of the nasopharynx, glottis, larynx, and adjacent tissues. The fibropapillomas of the oropharynx were considered locally invasive and severely modified the morphophysiology of respiration and feeding in these turtles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of oropharyngeal fibropapillomatosis in sea turtles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Alonso Aguirre
- a Wildlife Trust, Columbia University , 61 Route 9 West , Palisades , New York , 10964-8000 , USA
| | - George H Balazs
- b National Marine Fisheries Service , 2570 Dole Street , Honolulu , Hawaii , 96822-2396 , USA
| | - Terry R Spraker
- c State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , 80523 , USA
| | - Shawn K K Murakawa
- a Wildlife Trust, Columbia University , 61 Route 9 West , Palisades , New York , 10964-8000 , USA
| | - B Zimmerman
- d Wildlife Health International , Post Office Box 1522 , Fort Collins , Colorado , 80522 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang SH, Kwon KK, Lee HS, Kim SJ. Shewanella spongiae sp. nov., isolated from a marine sponge. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:2879-2882. [PMID: 17158991 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A psychrophilic bacterium, designated strain HJ039T, was isolated from a marine sponge collected in the East Sea of Korea (also known as the Sea of Japan). Cells were Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped (1.8–3.54 μm×0.27–0.73 μm). Growth was observed between 5 and 26 °C (optimum 15 °C), at pH 5.0–8.5 (optimum pH 6.0–6.5) and in the presence of 0–6.0 % NaCl (optimum 2.0 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain HJ039T showed high levels of similarity (93.7–95.4 %) with members of the genus Shewanella, especially with Shewanella gaetbuli TF-27T (95.2 %), Shewanella decolorationis S12T (94.9 %), Shewanella putrefaciens LMG 26268T (94.6 %), Shewanella hafniensis P010T (94.6 %), Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T (94.5 %) and Shewanella kaireitica c931T (94.5 %). However, phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain HJ039T shared a phyletic line with S. algae and Shewanella amazonensis. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content was 52.8 mol%. The major fatty acids were i-13 : 0 (8.5 %), 15 : 0 (4.2 %), i-15 : 0 (23.2 %), i-15 : 1 (7.9 %), 16 : 0 (8.7 %), 16 : 1ω7 (21.0 %) and 17 : 1ω8 (6.4 %). From this polyphasic taxonomic evidence, strain HJ039T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella spongiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HJ039T (=KCCM 42304T=JCM 13830T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Yang
- Marine and Extreme Genome Research Center, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, PO Box 29, Ansan, 425-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Kyoung Kwon
- Marine and Extreme Genome Research Center, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, PO Box 29, Ansan, 425-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soon Lee
- Marine and Extreme Genome Research Center, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, PO Box 29, Ansan, 425-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Kim
- Marine and Extreme Genome Research Center, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, PO Box 29, Ansan, 425-600, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Greenblatt RJ, Work TM, Balazs GH, Sutton CA, Casey RN, Casey JW. The Ozobranchus leech is a candidate mechanical vector for the fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus found latently infecting skin tumors on Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Virology 2004; 321:101-10. [PMID: 15033569 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2003.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Revised: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of marine turtles is a neoplastic disease of ecological concern. A fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV) is consistently present, usually at loads exceeding one virus copy per tumor cell. DNA from an array of parasites of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) was examined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) to determine whether any carried viral loads are sufficient to implicate them as vectors for FPTHV. Marine leeches (Ozobranchus spp.) were found to carry high viral DNA loads; some samples approached 10 million copies per leech. Isopycnic sucrose density gradient/qPCR analysis confirmed that some of these copies were associated with particles of the density of enveloped viruses. The data implicate the marine leech Ozobranchus as a mechanical vector for FPTHV. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of FPTHV gene expression indicated that most of the FPTHV copies in a fibropapilloma have restricted DNA polymerase expression, suggestive of latent infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Greenblatt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yoon JH, Kang KH, Oh TK, Park YH. Shewanella gaetbuli sp. nov., a slight halophile isolated from a tidal flat in Korea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:487-491. [PMID: 15023965 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, TF-27T (=KCCM 41648T=JCM 11814T), was isolated from a tidal flat in Korea. This organism grew well at 25–35 °C, with optimum growth at 30 °C. Strain TF-27T grew optimally in the presence of 2 % NaCl; it did not grow without NaCl or in the presence of >8 % NaCl. Strain TF-27T simultaneously contained both menaquinones and ubiquinones as isoprenoid quinones. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8. The major fatty acids in strain TF-27T were iso-C15 : 0 (20·6 %) and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1
ω7c (21·1 %). The DNA G+C content of strain TF-27T was 42 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that strain TF-27T falls within the radiation of the cluster that is encompassed by the genus Shewanella. Levels of 16S rDNA sequence similarity between strain TF-27T and the type strains of Shewanella species were 93·2–96·8 %. On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic data, strain TF-27T should be placed in the genus Shewanella as a novel species, for which the name Shewanella gaetbuli sp. nov. is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), PO Box 115, Yusong, Taejon, Korea
| | - Kook Hee Kang
- Department of Food and Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-dong 300, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae-Kwang Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), PO Box 115, Yusong, Taejon, Korea
| | - Yong-Ha Park
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Ecosystematics, Institute of Probionic, Probionic Corporation, Bio-venture Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), PO Box 115, Yusong, Taejon, Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), PO Box 115, Yusong, Taejon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tall BD, Fall S, Pereira MR, Ramos-Valle M, Curtis SK, Kothary MH, Chu DMT, Monday SR, Kornegay L, Donkar T, Prince D, Thunberg RL, Shangraw KA, Hanes DE, Khambaty FM, Lampel KA, Bier JW, Bayer RC. Characterization of Vibrio fluvialis-like strains implicated in limp lobster disease. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:7435-46. [PMID: 14660396 PMCID: PMC309894 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.12.7435-7446.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2003] [Accepted: 09/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies were undertaken to characterize and determine the pathogenic mechanisms involved in a newly described systemic disease in Homarus americanus (American lobster) caused by a Vibrio fluvialis-like microorganism. Nineteen isolates were obtained from eight of nine lobsters sampled. Biochemically, the isolates resembled V. fluvialis, and the isolates grew optimally at 20 degrees C; none could grow at temperatures above 23 degrees C. The type strain (1AMA) displayed a thermal reduction time (D value) of 5.77 min at 37 degrees C. All of the isolates required at least 1% NaCl for growth. Collectively, the data suggest that these isolates may embody a new biotype. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of the isolates revealed five closely related subgroups. Some isolates produced a sheep hemagglutinin that was neither an outer membrane protein nor a metalloprotease. Several isolates possessed capsules. The isolates were highly susceptible to a variety of antibiotics tested. However, six isolates were resistant to erythromycin. Seventeen isolates harbored plasmids. Lobster challenge studies revealed that the 50% lethal dose of a plasmid-positive strain was 100-fold lower than that of a plasmid-negative strain, suggesting that the plasmid may enhance the pathogenicity of these microorganisms in lobsters. Microorganisms that were recovered from experimentally infected lobsters exhibited biochemical and PFGE profiles that were indistinguishable from those of the challenge strain. Tissue affinity studies demonstrated that the challenge microorganisms accumulated in heart and midgut tissues as well as in the hemolymph. Culture supernatants and polymyxin B lysates of the strains caused elongation of CHO cells in tissue culture, suggesting the presence of a hitherto unknown enterotoxin. Both plasmid-positive and plasmid-negative strains caused significant dose-related intestinal fluid accumulations in suckling mice. Absence of viable organisms in the intestinal contents of mice suggests that these microorganisms cause diarrhea in mice by intoxication rather than by an infectious process. Further, these results support the thermal reduction data at 37 degrees C and suggest that the mechanism(s) that led to fluid accumulation in mice differs from the disease process observed in lobsters by requiring neither the persistence of viable microorganisms nor the presence of plasmids. In summary, results of lobster studies satisfy Koch's postulates at the organismal and molecular levels; the findings support the hypothesis that these V. fluvialis-like organisms were responsible for the originally described systemic disease, which is now called limp lobster disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B D Tall
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Each species of reptile has evolved unique characteristics that are associated with their oral cavity, dentition, tongue, glands, and methods of mastication. These developments have provided each with an opportunity to interact with their surroundings. In captivity, the developmental relationship is often severed by the introduction of artificial surroundings and inappropriate husbandry. These changes predispose the animals to many stresses and disorders. Disorders of the oral cavity are often a representation of what is occurring systemically. Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, neoplastic, and nutritional causes of disorders of the oral cavity in reptilian species are probably underestimated and likely cause a higher incidence of morbidity and mortality than has been reported. The misinformation that clients receive regarding husbandry may directly correlate with the frequency of oral diseases seen in a clinical setting. Prevention of disease of the oral cavity is primarily through providing appropriate environmental conditions and diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Mehler
- Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Herbst LH, Jacobson ER, Klein PA, Balazs GH, Moretti R, Brown T, Sundberg JP. Comparative pathology and pathogenesis of spontaneous and experimentally induced fibropapillomas of green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Vet Pathol 1999; 36:551-64. [PMID: 10568436 DOI: 10.1354/vp.36-6-551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor biopsy samples from 25 Floridian and 15 Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with spontaneous green turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP) and from 27 captive-reared green turtles with experimentally induced GTFP were examined microscopically to differentiate the histologic features that result from GTFP pathogenesis and those that result from incidental factors that may vary according to geographic region. Common histologic features for spontaneous and experimentally induced tumors included fibroblast proliferation in the superficial dermis, epidermal acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, epidermal basal cell degeneration with dermal-epidermal cleft formation, spinous layer degeneration with intraepidermal vesicle and pustule formation, and ulceration. Visceral tumors, found in eight of 10 (80%) free-ranging turtles with cutaneous disease that were examined after death, had extensive interstitial fibrous proliferation. The presence of spirorchid trematode eggs and associated foreign body granulomas, common secondary findings within spontaneous tumors, varied by geographic location, and these findings were not observed in experimentally induced tumors. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions and intranuclear herpesvirus-associated antigen immunoreactivity were found in 18 of 38 (47%) experimentally induced cutaneous tumors and nine of 119 (7.5%) spontaneous tumors from Floridian but not Hawaiian turtles. The possible involvement of GTFP-associated herpesvirus in the pathogenesis of epidermal degenerative changes and GTFP pathogenesis is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L H Herbst
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Raidal SR, Ohara M, Hobbs RP, Prince RI. Gram-negative bacterial infections and cardiovascular parasitism in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). Aust Vet J 1998; 76:415-7. [PMID: 9673767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb12392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate causes of ill health and mortality in juvenile wild green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) found along the mid-north west coast of Western Australia between June and October of 1997. PROCEDURE Department of Conservation and Land Management rangers submitted four dead or dying green sea turtles from separate incidents for veterinary examination, necropsy, and bacteriological, parasitological and histopathological examination. RESULTS Numerous different species of trematodes belonging to the families Pronocephalidae, Microscaphidiidae and Paramphistomidae were detected in the intestines of two turtles examined, and in all turtles there was severe spirorchid fluke infection including Haemoxenicon sp, Amphiorchis sp and Hapalotrema sp. Histopathological examination demonstrated severe multifocal to diffuse granulomatous vasculitis, aggregations of spirorchid fluke eggs and microabscesses throughout various tissues including intestines, kidney, liver, lung and brain. Cultures and or histopathological examination demonstrated disseminated Gram-negative bacterial infections including salmonella, E coli, Citrobacter freundii and Moraxella sp. CONCLUSION Infections caused by salmonellae, E coli and other Gram-negative bacteria should be considered as causes of systemic illness and death in wild green sea turtles infected with spirorchid cardiovascular flukes and other internal parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Raidal
- Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|