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Bao M, Waitkus J, Liu L, Chang Y, Xu Z, Qin P, Chen J, Du K. Micro- and nanosystems for the detection of hemorrhagic fever viruses. Lab Chip 2023; 23:4173-4200. [PMID: 37675935 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) are virulent pathogens that can cause severe and often fatal illnesses in humans. Timely and accurate detection of HFVs is critical for effective disease management and prevention. In recent years, micro- and nano-technologies have emerged as promising approaches for the detection of HFVs. This paper provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art systems for micro- and nano-scale approaches to detect HFVs. It covers various aspects of these technologies, including the principles behind their sensing assays, as well as the different types of diagnostic strategies that have been developed. This paper also explores future possibilities of employing micro- and nano-systems for the development of HFV diagnostic tools that meet the practical demands of clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Bao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Jacob Waitkus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juhong Chen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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Ndiaye O, Diagne CT, Abd El Wahed A, Dia F, Dia M, Faye A, Leal SDV, Dos Santos M, Lima Mendonça MDL, da Silva Leite CC, Bouh Boye CS, Bryant JE, Desprès P, Faye O, Sall AA, Faye O. Use of Envelope Domain III Protein for the Detection of IgG Type Antibodies Specific to Zika Virus by Indirect ELISA. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36766567 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) diagnostics are crucial for proper antenatal and postnatal care and also for surveillance and serosurvey studies. Since the viremia during ZIKV infection is fleeting, serological testing is highly valuable to inform diagnosis. However, current serology tests using whole virus antigens frequently suffer from cross reactivity issues, delays, and technical complexity, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) and endemic countries. Here, we describe an indirect ELISA to detect specific IgG antibodies using the ZIKV envelope domain III (EDIII) protein expressed in Drosophila S2 cells as an immunogen. Using a total of 367 clinical samples, we showed that the EDIII-ELISA was able to detect IgG antibodies against ZIKV with high sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 94.7% when compared to plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) as the gold standard and using 0.208 as the cut-off OD value. These results show the usefulness of the recombinant envelope domain III as an alternative to standard whole virus proteins for ZIKV diagnostics as it improves the sensitivity and specificity of IgG ELISA assay when used as an immunogen. This method should, therefore, be extended to serological diagnostic techniques for other members of the flavivirus genus and for use in IgM diagnostic testing.
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Losada PX, Bosch I, Frydman GH, Gehrke L, Narváez CF. Dengue and Zika virus differential infection of human megakaryoblast MEG-01 reveals unique cellular markers. Virology 2022; 577:16-23. [PMID: 36257128 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Platelet count is widely used for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with dengue. Despite its close viral structural and symptomatic homology, ZIKV infection does not typically induce significant thrombocytopenia. To determine the effect of DENV-2 and ZIKV infection on human platelet precursors we utilized MEG-01 cell line to evaluate the viral infection, viability, innate gene expression and release of platelet-like particles (PLPs). DENV-2 induced a higher proportion of cell death at 48-72 h post-infection than ZIKV. The median range of intracellular NS1+/E+ cells was 11.2% (3.3%-25%) and 5% (3%-8.1%) for DENV-2 and ZIKV, respectively (p = 0.03). MEG-01 cells infected with DENV-2 quickly expressed higher levels of IFN-β, indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase and CXCL10 mRNA compared to ZIKV infected cells and DENV-2 but not ZIKV infection reduced the number PLPs from stimulated MEG-01 cells. The results shed light into mechanisms including thrombocytopenia present in patients with DENV but absent in ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula X Losada
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, 410001, Huila, Colombia
| | - Irene Bosch
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Galit H Frydman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, 410001, Huila, Colombia.
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Serrato IM, Moreno-Aguilera D, Caicedo PA, Orobio Y, Ocampo CB, Maestre-Serrano R, Peláez-Carvajal D, Ahumada ML. Vector competence of lambda-cyhalothrin resistant Aedes aegypti strains for dengue-2, Zika and chikungunya viruses in Colombia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276493. [PMID: 36282839 PMCID: PMC9595557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Studies have shown that insecticide resistance affects vector competence (VC) of some mosquito species. This study evaluates the effect of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and kdr V1016I mutation genotypes on the VC of Ae. aegypti strains for DENV-2, ZIKV, and CHIKV. Three Ae. aegypti strains with gradual lambda-cyhalothrin resistance (susceptible, resistant, and highly resistant) were infected with DENV-2, ZIKV, and CHIKV. Individual mosquitoes were tested to detect virus infection in the abdomen and head-salivary glands, using RT-PCR, and genotypes for V1016I mutations using allele-specific PCR. Recorded VC variables were midgut infection rate (MIR), dissemination rate (DIR), and dissemination efficiency (DIE). Lambda-cyhalothrin resistance affects differentially VC variables for ZIKV, DENV-2, and CHIKV. For ZIKV, an apparent gradual increase in DIR and DIE with the increase in insecticide resistance was observed. For DENV-2 the MIR and DIE were higher in insecticide resistant strains. For CHIKV, only MIR could be evaluated, this variable was higher in insecticide resistance strains. The presence of kdr V1016I mutation on mosquito resistant strains did not affect VC variables for three study viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalba M. Serrato
- Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Fundación Salutia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Diana Moreno-Aguilera
- Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Fundación Salutia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Paola A. Caicedo
- Natural Science Faculty, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Yenifer Orobio
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas-CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia
| | - Clara B. Ocampo
- Vector, Biology and Control Unit. Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas-CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia
- Dirección de Vocaciones y Formación, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología e Innovación, Minciencias, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Ronald Maestre-Serrano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | | | - Martha L. Ahumada
- Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Jankelow AM, Lee H, Wang W, Hoang TH, Bacon A, Sun F, Chae S, Kindratenko V, Koprowski K, Stavins RA, Ceriani DD, Engelder ZW, King WP, Do MN, Bashir R, Valera E, Cunningham BT. Smartphone clip-on instrument and microfluidic processor for rapid sample-to-answer detection of Zika virus in whole blood using spatial RT-LAMP. Analyst 2022; 147:3838-3853. [PMID: 35726910 PMCID: PMC9399074 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00438k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, simple, inexpensive, accurate, and sensitive point-of-care (POC) detection of viral pathogens in bodily fluids is a vital component of controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The predominant laboratory-based methods for sample processing and nucleic acid detection face limitations that prevent them from gaining wide adoption for POC applications in low-resource settings and self-testing scenarios. Here, we report the design and characterization of an integrated system for rapid sample-to-answer detection of a viral pathogen in a droplet of whole blood comprised of a 2-stage microfluidic cartridge for sample processing and nucleic acid amplification, and a clip-on detection instrument that interfaces with the image sensor of a smartphone. The cartridge is designed to release viral RNA from Zika virus in whole blood using chemical lysis, followed by mixing with the assay buffer for performing reverse-transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) reactions in six parallel microfluidic compartments. The battery-powered handheld detection instrument uniformly heats the compartments from below, and an array of LEDs illuminates from above, while the generation of fluorescent reporters in the compartments is kinetically monitored by collecting a series of smartphone images. We characterize the assay time and detection limits for detecting Zika RNA and gamma ray-deactivated Zika virus spiked into buffer and whole blood and compare the performance of the same assay when conducted in conventional PCR tubes. Our approach for kinetic monitoring of the fluorescence-generating process in the microfluidic compartments enables spatial analysis of early fluorescent "bloom" events for positive samples, in an approach called "Spatial LAMP" (S-LAMP). We show that S-LAMP image analysis reduces the time required to designate an assay as a positive test, compared to conventional analysis of the average fluorescent intensity of the entire compartment. S-LAMP enables the RT-LAMP process to be as short as 22 minutes, resulting in a total sample-to-answer time in the range of 17-32 minutes to distinguish positive from negative samples, while demonstrating a viral RNA detection as low as 2.70 × 102 copies per μl, and a gamma-irradiated virus of 103 virus particles in a single 12.5 μl droplet blood sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Jankelow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hankeun Lee
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weijing Wang
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Trung-Hieu Hoang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amanda Bacon
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Fu Sun
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Seol Chae
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Victoria Kindratenko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Katherine Koprowski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert A Stavins
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - William P King
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Minh N Do
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Enrique Valera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Triplett C, Dufek S, Niemuth N, Kobs D, Cirimotich C, Mack K, Sanford D. Onset and Progression of Infection Based on Viral Loads in Rhesus Macaques Exposed to Zika Virus. Appl Microbiol 2022; 2:544-53. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) have resulted in a call by global health advocates for increased surveillance and research with aggressive measures to combat ZIKV infections. There is no licensed ZIKV vaccine yet available, but a number of vaccine candidates are in development. Advancement of promising vaccine candidates to licensure may rely upon the development and use of well-characterized preclinical models developed based on the essential elements of an animal model as outlined in the U.S. FDA “Product Development Under the Animal Rule: Guidance for Industry”. Further, in the absence of adequate clinical cases to support a more traditional approval pathway based on clinical efficacy, regulatory approval could be based upon human safety data and use of a well-characterized animal model to evaluate vaccine efficacy. This report summarizes a statistical analysis that characterizes the progression of ZIKV infection in Rhesus macaques (RMs) with respect to viral load using available data on twenty-six (26) RMs from three (3) studies that were exposed to ZIKV and were not immunized with a ZIKV vaccine. Progression of infection was characterized by time to detection of viral RNA in serum (RT-qPCR) or time to positive viremia (plaque assay). Viral RNA was detected via RT-qPCR as early as day 1 post-infection and was undetectable for all animals by day 7. Viremia also was indicated by plaque assay as early as day 1 and was undetectable for all animals by day 5. Viral RNA was detected in all animals following exposure, while viremia was not observed in all animals. No significant differences in viral loads measured by either RT-qPCR or plaque assay were observed across sex, age, or study. Neither sex nor age were significant predictors of either time to detection of viral RNA or time to positive viremia following exposure to ZIKV. Progression of viral load, which is studied since infection is largely asymptomatic in both RMs and humans, is similar in RMs and humans with positive presentation ranging from 1 to 7 days post-infection and clearance by day 10. Overall, due to consistency of the model across sexes and ages and similarity to the infection profile in humans, it is concluded that the RM model of ZIKV infection is a well-characterized model for use for evaluation of ZIKV countermeasures.
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Stramer SL, Lanteri MC, Brodsky JP, Foster GA, Krysztof DE, Groves JA, Townsend RL, Notari E, Bakkour S, Stone M, Simmons G, Spencer B, Tonnetti L, Busch MP. Mitigating the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections with vector-borne agents solely by means of pathogen reduction. Transfusion 2022; 62:1388-1398. [PMID: 35726756 PMCID: PMC9541364 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background This study evaluated whether pathogen reduction technology (PRT) in plasma and platelets using amotosalen/ultraviolet A light (A/UVA) or in red blood cells using amustaline/glutathione (S‐303/GSH) may be used as the sole mitigation strategy preventing transfusion‐transmitted West Nile (WNV), dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viral, and Babesia microti, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Plasmodium parasitic infections. Methods Antibody (Ab) status and pathogen loads (copies/mL) were obtained for donations from US blood donors testing nucleic acid (NAT)‐positive for WNV, DENV, ZIKV, CHIKV, and B. microti. Infectivity titers derived from pathogen loads were compared to published PRT log10 reduction factors (LRF); LRFs were also reviewed for Plasmodium and T. cruzi. The potential positive impact on donor retention following removal of deferrals from required questioning and testing for WNV, Babesia, Plasmodium, and T. cruzi was estimated for American Red Cross (ARC) donors. Results A/UVA and S‐303/GSH reduced infectivity to levels in accordance with those recognized by FDA as suitable to replace testing for all agents evaluated. If PRT replaced deferrals resulting from health history questions and/or NAT for WNV, Babesia, Plasmodium, and T. cruzi, 27,758 ARC donors could be retained allowing approximately 50,000 additional donations/year based on 1.79 donations/donor for calendar year 2019 (extrapolated to an estimated 125,000 additional donations nationally). Conclusion Pathogen loads in donations from US blood donors demonstrated that robust PRT may provide an opportunity to replace deferrals associated with donor questioning and NAT for vector‐borne agents allowing for significant donor retention and likely increased blood availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Stramer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory A Foster
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - David E Krysztof
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamel A Groves
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Edward Notari
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Bakkour
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bryan Spencer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Tonnetti
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Nguyen ATV, Duong BT, Park H, Yeo SJ. Development of a peptide aptamer pair-linked rapid fluorescent diagnostic system for Zika virus detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113768. [PMID: 34763153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid diagnostic system employing an antigen detection biosensing method is needed to discriminate between Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) due to their close antigenic homology. We developed a novel peptide pair-based flow immunochromatographic test strip (FICT) assay to detect ZIKV. Peptide aptamers, P6.1 (KQERNNWPLTWT), P29.1 (KYTTSTLKSGV), and B2.33 (KRHVWVSLSYSCAEA) were designed by paratopes and modified against the ZIKV envelope protein based on the binding affinity. An antibody-free lateral FICT was developed using a pair of peptide aptamers. In the rapid diagnostic strip, the limit of detection (LOD) for the B2.33-P6.1 peptide pair for ZIKV was 2 × 104 tissue culture infective dose TCID50/mL. Significantly, FICT could discriminate ZIKV from DENV. The stability and performance of FICT were confirmed using human sera and urine, showing a comparable LOD value. Our study demonstrated that in silico modeling could be used to develop a novel peptide pair-based FICT assay for detecting ZIKV by a rapid diagnostic test.
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Westrich JA, McNulty EE, Edmonds MJ, Nalls AV, Miller MR, Foy BD, Rovnak J, Perera R, Mathiason CK. Characterization of subclinical ZIKV infection in immune-competent guinea pigs and mice. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34410903 PMCID: PMC8513637 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An infectious agent’s pathogenic and transmission potential is heavily influenced by early events during the asymptomatic or subclinical phase of disease. During this phase, the presence of infectious agent may be relatively low. An important example of this is Zika virus (ZIKV), which can cross the placenta and infect the foetus, even in mothers with subclinical infections. These subclinical infections represent roughly 80 % of all human infections. Initial ZIKV pathogenesis studies were performed in type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) knockout mice. Blunting the interferon response resulted in robust infectivity, and increased the utility of mice to model ZIKV infections. However, due to the removal of the interferon response, the use of these models impedes full characterization of immune responses to ZIKV-related pathologies. Moreover, IFNAR-deficient models represent severe disease whereas less is known regarding subclinical infections. Investigation of the anti-viral immune response elicited at the maternal-foetal interface is critical to fully understand mechanisms involved in foetal infection, foetal development, and disease processes recognized to occur during subclinical maternal infections. Thus, immunocompetent experimental models that recapitulate natural infections are needed. We have established subclinical intravaginal ZIKV infections in mice and guinea pigs. We found that these infections resulted in: the presence of both ZIKV RNA transcripts and infectious virus in maternal and placental tissues, establishment of foetal infections and ZIKV-mediated CXCL10 expression. These models will aid in discerning the mechanisms of subclinical ZIKV mother-to-offspring transmission, and by extension can be used to investigate other maternal infections that impact foetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Westrich
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin E McNulty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Marisa J Edmonds
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy V Nalls
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan R Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian D Foy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Joel Rovnak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rushika Perera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Candace K Mathiason
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Jiolle D, Moltini-Conclois I, Obame-Nkoghe J, Yangari P, Porciani A, Scheid B, Kengne P, Ayala D, Failloux AB, Paupy C. Experimental infections with Zika virus strains reveal high vector competence of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti populations from Gabon (Central Africa) for the African virus lineage. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1244-1253. [PMID: 34085899 PMCID: PMC8216262 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1939167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The two main Zika virus (ZIKV) vectors, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (invasive and native species, respectively), are present in Gabon (Central Africa). The aim of this study was to determine the entomological ZIKV risk associated with these mosquito species in Gabon by evaluating their vector competence for an African (i.e. representative of the endemic strains circulating in sub-Saharan Africa) and two Asian (i.e. representatives of exogenous epidemic strains that could be introduced) ZIKV strains. The transmission efficiency of one Ae. aegypti and two Ae. albopictus field-collected populations from Libreville and Franceville was assayed at day 7, 14 and 21 after experimental oral infection. The two mosquito species could transmit all three ZIKV strains already at day 7 post-infection, but transmission efficiency was higher for the African strain than the non-African strains (>60% versus <14%; incubation period of 14–21 days). The two mosquito species exhibited comparable vector competence for ZIKV, although the amount of viral particles (African strain) in saliva was significantly higher in Ae. albopictus than Ae. aegypti at day 14 post-infection. These findings suggest that overall, ZIKV risk in Gabon is mainly related to virus strains that circulate endemically across sub-Saharan Africa, although the transmission of non-African strains remain possible in case of introduction. Due to its high infestation indexes and ecological/geographical ranges, this risk appears mainly associated with Ae. albopictus. Vector surveillance and control methods against this invasive mosquito must be strengthened in the region to limit the risk of future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Jiolle
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Judicaël Obame-Nkoghe
- Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.,Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département de Biologie, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Patrick Yangari
- Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Angélique Porciani
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bethsabée Scheid
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Kengne
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Diego Ayala
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | | | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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11
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Fernandes RS, David MR, De Abreu FVS, Ferreira-de-Brito A, Gardinali NR, Lima SMB, Andrade MCR, Kugelmeier T, Oliveira JM, Pinto MA, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Low Aedes aegypti Vector Competence for Zika Virus from Viremic Rhesus Macaques. Viruses 2020; 12:E1345. [PMID: 33255150 DOI: 10.3390/v12121345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite worldwide efforts to understand the transmission dynamics of Zika virus (ZIKV), scanty evaluation has been made on the vector competence of Aedes aegypti fed directly on viremic human and non-human primates (NHPs). We blood-fed Ae. aegypti from two districts in Rio de Janeiro on six ZIKV infected pregnant rhesus macaques at several time points, half of which were treated with Sofosbuvir (SOF). Mosquitoes were analyzed for vector competence after 3, 7 and 14 days of incubation. Although viremia extended up to eight days post monkey inoculation, only mosquitoes fed on the day of the peak of viremia, recorded on day two, became infected. The influence of SOF treatment could not be assessed because the drug was administered just after mosquito feeding on day two. The global infection, dissemination and transmission rates were quite low (4.09%, 1.91% and 0.54%, respectively); no mosquito was infected when viremia was below 1.26 × 105 RNA copies/mL. In conclusion, Ae. aegypti vector competence for ZIKV from macaques is low, likely to be due to low viral load and the short duration of ZIKV viremia in primates suitable for infecting susceptible mosquitoes. If ZIKV infection in human and macaques behaves similarly, transmission of the Zika virus in nature is most strongly affected by vector density.
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12
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Magalhaes T, Morais CNL, Jacques IJAA, Azevedo EAN, Brito AM, Lima PV, Carvalho GMM, Lima ARS, Castanha PMS, Cordeiro MT, Oliveira ALS, Jaenisch T, Lamb MM, Marques ETA, Foy BD. Follow-Up Household Serosurvey in Northeast Brazil for Zika Virus: Sexual Contacts of Index Patients Have the Highest Risk for Seropositivity. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:673-685. [PMID: 32888023 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is also transmitted sexually; however, the epidemiological relevance of ZIKV sexual transmission in endemic regions is unclear. METHODS We performed a household-based serosurvey in Northeast Brazil to evaluate the differential exposure to ZIKV and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) among households. Individuals who participated in our previous arboviral disease cohort (indexes) were recontacted and enrolled, and their household members were newly enrolled. RESULTS The relative risk of sexual partners being ZIKV-seropositive when living with a ZIKV-seropositive index participant was significantly higher, whereas this was not observed among nonsexual partners of the index. For CHIKV, both sexual and nonsexual partner household members living with a CHIKV-seropositive index had a significantly higher risk of being seropositive. In the nonindex-based dyadic and generalized linear mixed model analyses, the odds of sexual dyads having a concordant ZIKV plaque reduction neutralization test result was significantly higher. We have also analyzed retrospective clinical data according to the participants' exposure to ZIKV and CHIKV. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ZIKV sexual transmission may be a key factor for the high ZIKV seroprevalence among households in endemic areas and raises important questions about differential disease from the 2 modes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Magalhaes
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Clarice N L Morais
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Iracema J A A Jacques
- Department of Collective Health, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elisa A N Azevedo
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana M Brito
- Department of Collective Health, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Priscilla V Lima
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M M Carvalho
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Andreza R S Lima
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Priscila M S Castanha
- Infectious Disease and Microbiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Faculty of Medical Science, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marli T Cordeiro
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Andre L S Oliveira
- Statistics and Geoprocessing Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Center for Global Health, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Molly M Lamb
- Center for Global Health, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ernesto T A Marques
- Infectious Disease and Microbiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian D Foy
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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13
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Musso D, Despres P. Serological Diagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Human Infections. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E302. [PMID: 32423058 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) belonging to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, are a major public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions, and have recently become a medical concern in temperate zones. Most flaviviruses are classified as zoonotic viruses. Human flavivirus infections can be asymptomatic, responsible for unspecific symptoms in the first few days following infection, or responsible for severe complications potentially resulting in death. During the first days following symptom onset, laboratory diagnosis of acute human flavivirus infection is mainly based on molecular detection of the viral genome by RT-PCR methods, followed by the capture of specific antibodies using serological tests after the first week of infection. The detection of antibodies that have virus neutralizing activity can be used to confirm flavivirus infection. However, human flavivirus infections induce the production of cross-reactive antibodies, often making serology inconclusive. Indeed, serological diagnosis of flavivirus infection can be hampered by a patient’s history of flavivirus exposure, particularly in regions where multiple antigenically related flaviviruses co-circulate. We focus our mini review on conventional immunoassays that allow the diagnosis of major flavivirus-associated human infections in basic, routine and high-profile central health centers; and the interpretation of diagnostic serology tests for patients living within different epidemiological situations.
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14
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Cantero C, Cardozo F, Waggoner JJ, Pinsky BA, Espínola A, Infanzón B, Acosta ME, Aria L, Arévalo de Guillén Y, Cuevas T, Rojas V, Segovia C, Centurión A, Rojas A. Implementation of a Multiplex rRT-PCR for Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue Viruses: Improving Arboviral Detection in an Endemic Region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:625-628. [PMID: 31933462 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviral diagnosis has been complicated throughout the tropical and subtropical Americas by the recent co-circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and dengue virus (DENV). The aim of this study was to implement a multiplex real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) for ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV in Paraguay to test patients who were clinically suspected of having dengue. We tested 110 sera from patients who presented to the Hospital de Clínicas in 2016 and had testing for DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1; 40 positive and 70 negative). Using a composite reference standard, we confirmed 51 dengue cases (46.4%): 38/40 NS1 positive and 13/70 NS1 negative. Chikungunya virus and ZIKV were detected in one sample each, both were DENV NS1 negative. The NS1 test demonstrated good agreement with rRT-PCR for DENV. However, multiplex rRT-PCR identified a subset of dengue cases and additional arboviral infections that would not be detected if NS1 assays are relied upon for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Cantero
- Departamento de Producción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Fátima Cardozo
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Jesse J Waggoner
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Anibal Espínola
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Belén Infanzón
- Departamento de Producción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - María Eugenia Acosta
- Departamento de Producción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Laura Aria
- Departamento de Producción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Yvalena Arévalo de Guillén
- Departamento de Producción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Teresa Cuevas
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Vicenta Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Clotilde Segovia
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Ana Centurión
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Alejandra Rojas
- Departamento de Producción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
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15
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Barr KL, Schwarz ER, Prakoso D, Imtiaz K, Pu R, Morris JG, Khan E, Long MT. Strain-Dependent Activity of Zika Virus and Exposure History in Serological Diagnostics. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5010038. [PMID: 32138262 PMCID: PMC7157670 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) circulates as two separate lineages, with significant genetic variability between strains. Strain-dependent activity has been reported for dengue virus, herpes simplex virus and influenza. Strain-dependent activity of subject specimens to a virus could be an impediment to serological diagnosis and vaccine development. In order to determine whether ZIKV exhibits strain-dependent activity when exposed to antibodies, we measured the neutralizing properties of polyclonal serum and three monoclonal antibodies (ZKA185, 753(3)C10, and 4G2) against three strains of ZIKV (MR−766, PRVABC59, and R103454). Here, MR−766 was inhibited almost 60% less by ZKA185 than PRVABC59 and R103454 (p = 0.008). ZKA185 enhanced dengue 4 infection up to 50% (p = 0.0058). PRVABC59 was not inhibited by mAb 753(3)C10 while MR−766 and R103453 were inhibited up to 90% (p = 0.04 and 0.036, respectively). Patient serum, regardless of exposure history, neutralized MR−766 ~30%−40% better than PRVABC56 or R103454 (p = 0.005−0.00007). The most troubling finding was the significant neutralization of MR−766 by patients with no ZIKV exposure. We also evaluated ZIKV antibody cross reactivity with various flaviviruses and found that more patients developed cross-reactive antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus than the dengue viruses. The data here show that serological diagnosis of ZIKV is complicated and that qualitative neutralization assays cannot discriminate between flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L. Barr
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Erika R. Schwarz
- Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.R.S.); (D.P.); (R.P.); (M.T.L.)
| | - Dhani Prakoso
- Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.R.S.); (D.P.); (R.P.); (M.T.L.)
| | - Kehkashan Imtiaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (K.I.); (E.K.)
| | - Ruiyu Pu
- Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.R.S.); (D.P.); (R.P.); (M.T.L.)
| | - J. Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA;
| | - Erum Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (K.I.); (E.K.)
| | - Maureen T. Long
- Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.R.S.); (D.P.); (R.P.); (M.T.L.)
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16
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Roth H, Schneider L, Eberle R, Lausen J, Modlich U, Blümel J, Baylis SA. Zika virus infection studies with CD34 + hematopoietic and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors, red blood cells and platelets. Transfusion 2020; 60:561-574. [PMID: 32086956 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, several cases of transfusion-transmitted ZIKV infections have been confirmed. Multiple studies detected prolonged occurrence of ZIKV viral RNA in whole blood as compared to plasma samples indicating potential ZIKV interaction with hematopoietic cells. Also, infection of cells from the granulocyte/macrophage lineage has been demonstrated. Patients may develop severe thrombocytopenia, microcytic anemia, and a fatal course of disease occurred in a patient with sickle cell anemia suggesting additional interference of ZIKV with erythroid and megakaryocytic cells. Therefore, we analyzed whether ZIKV propagates in or compartmentalizes with hematopoietic progenitor, erythroid, and megakaryocytic cells. METHODS ZIKV RNA replication, protein translation and infectious particle formation in hematopoietic cell lines as well as primary CD34+ HSPCs and ex vivo differentiated erythroid and megakaryocytic cells was monitored using qRT-PCR, FACS, immunofluorescence analysis and infectivity assays. Distribution of ZIKV RNA and infectious particles in spiked red blood cell (RBC) units or platelet concentrates (PCs) was evaluated. RESULTS While subsets of K562 and KU812Ep6EPO cells supported ZIKV propagation, primary CD34+ HSPCs, MEP cells, RBCs, and platelets were non-permissive for ZIKV infection. In spiking studies, ZIKV RNA was detectable for 7 days in all fractions of RBC units and PCs, however, ZIKV infectious particles were not associated with erythrocytes or platelets. CONCLUSION Viral particles from plasma or contaminating leukocytes, rather than purified CD34+ HSPCs or the cellular component of RBC units or PCs, present the greatest risk for transfusion-transmitted ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Roth
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Lucas Schneider
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Regina Eberle
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany.,Department of Genetics of Eukaryotes, Institute of Industrial Genetics, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Blümel
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Sally A Baylis
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Hessen, Germany
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17
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Peters R, Stevenson M. Immunological detection of Zika virus: A summary in the context of general viral diagnostics. J Microbiol Methods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak, which started in the year 2015, is considered the fastest and most widely spread outbreak reported for this flavivirus. The polymerase domain of the NS5 protein has been targeted in other viral infections and is recognized as a suitable target in ZIKV infection. Different novel modified compounds against ZIKV NS5 have been tested in silico. A few structures have been solved for ZIKV polymerase and deposited in the protein data bank website. Two of these solved structures (with a resolution of less than 1.9 A) are used in this study to test the binding of 74 novel compounds in silico. Molecular docking is used to quantify the binding affinities of ZIKV polymerase and compare it to the hepatitis C virus NS5B. A total of 19 novel compounds revealed results that are either similar to or better than the physiological molecule, guanosine triphosphate. Water molecules are found to facilitate the binding of the compounds to ZIKV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) structures. The presented 19 novel compounds represent good binders to ZIKV RdRp and could be suitable candidates for developing a new and effective anti-ZIKV polymerase nucleotide inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo A. Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of SciencesCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
- Quantitative Life Science SectionThe Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada CostieraTriesteItaly
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19
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Armstrong PM, Ehrlich HY, Magalhaes T, Miller MR, Conway PJ, Bransfield A, Misencik MJ, Gloria-Soria A, Warren JL, Andreadis TG, Shepard JJ, Foy BD, Pitzer VE, Brackney DE. Successive blood meals enhance virus dissemination within mosquitoes and increase transmission potential. Nat Microbiol 2019; 5:239-247. [PMID: 31819213 PMCID: PMC7199921 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemics highlight the explosive nature of arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes1,2. Vector competence and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) are two key entomological parameters used to assess the public health risk posed by arboviruses3. These are typically measured empirically by offering mosquitoes an infectious bloodmeal and temporally sampling mosquitoes to determine infection and transmission status. This approach has been used for the better part of a century; however, it does not accurately capture the biology and behavior of many mosquito vectors which refeed frequently (every 2–3 days)4. Here we demonstrate that acquisition of a second non-infectious bloodmeal significantly shortens the EIP of ZIKV-infected Ae. aegypti by enhancing virus dissemination from the mosquito midgut. Similarly, a second bloodmeal increases the competence of this species for dengue virus and CHIKV as well as Ae. albopictus for ZIKV, suggesting that this phenomenon may be common among other virus-vector pairings and that Ae. albopictus might be a more important vector than once thought. Bloodmeal-induced microperforations in the virus-impenetrable basal lamina which surrounds the midgut provide a mechanism for enhanced virus escape. Modeling of these findings reveals that a shortened EIP would result in a significant increase in the basic reproductive number, R0, estimated from experimental data. This helps explain how Ae. aegypti can sustain explosive epidemics like ZIKV despite relatively poor vector competence in single-feed laboratory trials. Together, these data demonstrate a direct and unrecognized link between mosquito feeding behavior, EIP, and vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Armstrong
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Hanna Y Ehrlich
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tereza Magalhaes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Megan R Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patrick J Conway
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Angela Bransfield
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Misencik
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Theodore G Andreadis
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John J Shepard
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian D Foy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Virginia E Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Doug E Brackney
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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20
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Carpentier KS, Davenport BJ, Haist KC, McCarthy MK, May NA, Robison A, Ruckert C, Ebel GD, Morrison TE. Discrete viral E2 lysine residues and scavenger receptor MARCO are required for clearance of circulating alphaviruses. eLife 2019; 8:e49163. [PMID: 31596239 PMCID: PMC6839921 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude and duration of vertebrate viremia is a critical determinant of arbovirus transmission, geographic spread, and disease severity. We find that multiple alphaviruses, including chikungunya (CHIKV), Ross River (RRV), and o'nyong 'nyong (ONNV) viruses, are cleared from the circulation of mice by liver Kupffer cells, impeding viral dissemination. Clearance from the circulation was independent of natural antibodies or complement factor C3, and instead relied on scavenger receptor SR-A6 (MARCO). Remarkably, lysine to arginine substitutions at distinct residues within the E2 glycoproteins of CHIKV and ONNV (E2 K200R) as well as RRV (E2 K251R) allowed for escape from clearance and enhanced viremia and dissemination. Mutational analysis revealed that viral clearance from the circulation is strictly dependent on the presence of lysine at these positions. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized innate immune pathway that controls alphavirus viremia and dissemination in vertebrate hosts, ultimately influencing disease severity and likely transmission efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Carpentier
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Bennett J Davenport
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Kelsey C Haist
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Mary K McCarthy
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Nicholas A May
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Alexis Robison
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Claudia Ruckert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
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21
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Lum FM, Lye DCB, Tan JJL, Lee B, Chia PY, Chua TK, Amrun SN, Kam YW, Yee WX, Ling WP, Lim VWX, Pang VJX, Lee LK, Mok EWH, Chong CY, Leo YS, Ng LFP. Longitudinal Study of Cellular and Systemic Cytokine Signatures to Define the Dynamics of a Balanced Immune Environment During Disease Manifestation in Zika Virus-Infected Patients. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:814-824. [PMID: 29672707 PMCID: PMC6057545 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since its unexpected reemergence, Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused numerous outbreaks globally. This study characterized the host immune responses during ZIKV infection. Methods Patient samples were collected longitudinally during the acute, convalescence and recovery phases of ZIKV infection over 6 months during the Singapore outbreak in late 2016. Plasma immune mediators were profiled via multiplex microbead assay, while changes in blood cell numbers were determined with immunophenotyping. Results Data showed the involvement of various immune mediators during acute ZIKV infection accompanied by a general reduction in blood cell numbers for all immune subsets except CD14+ monocytes. Importantly, viremic patients experiencing moderate symptoms had significantly higher quantities of interferon γ–induced protein 10, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, interleukin 8, and placental growth factor 1, accompanied by reduced numbers of peripheral CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and double-negative T cells. Levels of T-cell associated mediators, including interferon γ–induced protein 10, interferon γ, and interleukin 10, were high in recovery phases of ZIKV infection, suggesting a functional role for T cells. The identification of different markers at specific disease phases emphasizes the dynamics of a balanced cytokine environment in disease progression. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive study that highlights specific cellular changes and immune signatures during ZIKV disease progression, and it provides valuable insights into ZIKV immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fok-Moon Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - David C B Lye
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Jeslin J L Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Po-Ying Chia
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tze-Kwang Chua
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Siti N Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Yiu-Wing Kam
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Wearn-Xin Yee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Ling
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Vanessa W X Lim
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Vincent J X Pang
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda K Lee
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Esther W H Mok
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Yee-Sin Leo
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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22
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Schwarz ER, Pozor MA, Pu R, Barr KL, Beachboard SE, MacLachlan NJ, Prakoso D, Long MT. Experimental Infection of Pregnant Female Sheep with Zika Virus During Early Gestation. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090795. [PMID: 31470560 PMCID: PMC6784126 DOI: 10.3390/v11090795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a vertically and sexually transmissible virus resulting in severe congenital malformation. The goal of this study was to develop an ovine model of ZIKV infection. Between 28–35 days gestation (DG), four pregnant animals were infected with two doses of 6 × 106 PFU of ZIKV; four control animals received PBS. Animals were evaluated for 45 days (D) post-infection (PI) and necropsies were performed. Viral RNA was detected in infected ewe peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) during the first week PI; however, all fluids and tissues were negative upon culture. Anti-ZIKV IgM (1:400) and neutralizing antibodies were detected in all infected animals. Clinical disease, virus, or ZIKV antibodies were not detected in control ewes. After two weeks PI, fetal loss occurred in two infected animals, and at necropsy, three infected animals had placental petechiation and ecchymosis and one had hydramnion. Fetal morphometrics revealed smaller cranial circumference to crown-rump length ratios (p < 0.001) and relative brain weights (p = 0.038) in fetuses of infected animals compared with control fetuses. Immunophenotyping indicated an increase in B cells (p = 0.012) in infected sheep. Additionally, in vitro experiments using both adult and fetal cell lines demonstrated that ovine cells are highly permissive to ZIKV infection. In conclusion, ZIKV infection of pregnant sheep results in a change in fetal growth and gestational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R Schwarz
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Malgorzata A Pozor
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ruiyu Pu
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kelli L Barr
- Department of Biology, Colleges of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Sarah E Beachboard
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - N James MacLachlan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dhani Prakoso
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Maureen T Long
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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23
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Khaiboullina SF, Ribeiro FM, Uppal T, Martynova EV, Rizvanov AA, Verma SC. Zika Virus Transmission Through Blood Tissue Barriers. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1465. [PMID: 31333605 PMCID: PMC6621930 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas and the Caribbean revealed a new deadly strain of the mosquito-borne virus, which has never been associated with previous outbreaks in Asia. For the first time, widespread ZIKV infection was shown to cause microcephaly and death of newborns, which was most likely due to the mutation acquired during the large outbreak recorded in French Polynesia in 2013–2014. Productive ZIKV replication and persistence has been demonstrated in placenta and fetal brains. Possible association between ZIKV and microcephaly and fetal death has been confirmed using immunocompetent mouse models in vitro and in vivo. Having crossed the placenta, ZIKV directly targets neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in developing human fetus and triggers apoptosis. The embryonic endothelial cells are exceptionally susceptible to ZIKV infection, which causes cell death and tissue necrosis. On the contrary, ZIKV infection does not affect the adult brain microvascular cell morphology and blood–brain barrier function. ZIKV is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquito bite and is introduced into the placenta/blood through replication at the site of the entry. Also, virus can be transmitted through unprotected sex. Although, multiple possible routes of virus infection have been identified, the exact mechanism(s) utilized by ZIKV to cross the placenta still remain largely unknown. In this review, the current understanding of ZIKV infection and transmission through the placental and brain barriers is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana F Khaiboullina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States.,Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Fabiola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Ekaterina V Martynova
- Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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24
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Sulleiro E, Frick MA, Rodó C, Espasa M, Thorne C, Espiau M, Martín-Nalda A, Suy A, Giaquinto C, Melendo S, Rando A, Alarcón A, Martinón-Torres F, Pumarola T, Soler-Palacín P, Soriano-Arandes A. The challenge of the laboratory diagnosis in a confirmed congenital Zika virus syndrome in utero: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15532. [PMID: 31096455 PMCID: PMC6531038 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused one of the most challenging global infectious epidemics in recent years because of its causal association with severe microcephaly and other congenital malformations. The diagnosis of viral infections usually relies on the detection of virus proteins or genetic material in clinical samples as well as on the infected host immune responses. Serial serologic testing is required for the diagnosis of congenital infection when diagnostic molecular biology is not possible. PATIENT CONCERNS A 2-year-old girl, born to a mother with confirmed ZIKV infection during pregnancy, with a confirmed ZIKV infection in utero, showed at birth a severe microcephaly and clinical characteristics of fetal brain disruption sequence compatible with a congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS). DIAGNOSIS ZIKV-RNA and ZIKV-IgM serological response performed at birth and during the follow-up time tested always negative. Serial serologic ZIKV-IgG tests were performed to assess the laboratory ZIKV diagnosis, ZIKV-IgG seroreversion was observed at 21 months of age. ZIKV diagnosis of this baby had to be relied on her clinical and radiological characteristics that were compatible with a CZS. INTERVENTIONS The patient was followed-up as per protocol at approximately 1, 4, 9, 12, 18-21, and 24 months of age. Neurological, radiological, audiological, and ophthalmological assessment were performed during this period of time. Prompt rehabilitation was initiated to prevent potential adverse long-term neurological outcomes. OUTCOMES The growth of this girl showed a great restriction at 24 months of age with a weight of 8.5 kg (-2.5 z-score) and a head circumference of 40.5 cm (-4.8 z-score). She also had a great neurodevelopmental delay at the time of this report. CONCLUSION We presume that as a consequence of prenatal ZIKV infection, the fetal brain and other organs are damaged before birth through direct injury. Following this, active infection ends during intrauterine life, and as a consequence the immune system of the infant is unable to build up a consistent immune response thereafter. Further understanding of the mechanisms taking part in the pathogenesis of ZIKV congenital infection is needed. This finding might change our paradigm regarding serological response in the ZIKV congenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sulleiro
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
| | - Marie Antoinette Frick
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
| | - Carlota Rodó
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
| | - Mateu Espasa
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire Thorne
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - María Espiau
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
| | - Andrea Martín-Nalda
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
| | - Anna Suy
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
- University of Padova, PENTA Foundation, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ariadna Rando
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Alarcón
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Antoni Soriano-Arandes
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- ZIKAction Consortium, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 734857
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25
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Peters R, Stevenson M. Zika virus diagnosis: challenges and solutions. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:142-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Tancharoen C, Sukjee W, Thepparit C, Jaimipuk T, Auewarakul P, Thitithanyanont A, Sangma C. Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Surface Imprinting for Zika Virus Detection in Serum. ACS Sens 2019; 4:69-75. [PMID: 30596236 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that was first identified in 1947. Initially, the virus was of little concern for health authorities given there were very few casualties among those suffering an infection. As such, only limited studies were performed on ZIKV. Recently, the viral infection has been linked to microcephaly in infants, which has prompted a dramatic increase in scientific interest in ZIKV research, including methods to allow for rapid virus identification. In this work we report the development of a new type of ZIKV electrochemical biosensor based on surface imprinted polymers and graphene oxide composites. The biosensor was used to detect ZIKV by measuring changes in the electrical signal with changing virus concentrations in buffer and serum using standard electrochemical techniques. The detection limit of our method is similar to the detection limit of the real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompoonuch Tancharoen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wannisa Sukjee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chutima Thepparit
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Thitigun Jaimipuk
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Arunee Thitithanyanont
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chak Sangma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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27
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McCullough J, Alter HJ, Ness PM. Interpretation of pathogen load in relationship to infectivity and pathogen reduction efficacy. Transfusion 2018; 59:1132-1146. [PMID: 30592305 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harvey J Alter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul M Ness
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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28
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Azar SR, Rossi SL, Haller SH, Yun R, Huang JH, Plante JA, Zhou J, Olano JP, Roundy CM, Hanley KA, Weaver SC, Vasilakis N. ZIKV Demonstrates Minimal Pathologic Effects and Mosquito Infectivity in Viremic Cynomolgus Macaques. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110661. [PMID: 30469417 PMCID: PMC6267344 DOI: 10.3390/v10110661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of ZIKV infection on non-human primates (NHPs), as well as to investigate whether these NHPs develop sufficient viremia to infect the major urban vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti, four cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were subcutaneously infected with 5.0 log10 focus-forming units (FFU) of DNA clone-derived ZIKV strain FSS13025 (Asian lineage, Cambodia, 2010). Following infection, the animals were sampled (blood, urine, tears, and saliva), underwent daily health monitoring, and were exposed to Ae. aegypti at specified time points. All four animals developed viremia, which peaked 3⁻4 days post-infection at a maximum value of 6.9 log10 genome copies/mL. No virus was detected in urine, tears, or saliva. Infection by ZIKV caused minimal overt disease: serum biochemistry and CBC values largely fell within the normal ranges, and cytokine elevations were minimal. Strikingly, the minimally colonized population of Ae. aegypti exposed to viremic animals demonstrated a maximum infection rate of 26% during peak viremia, with two of the four macaques failing to infect a single mosquito at any time point. These data indicate that cynomolgus macaques may be an effective model for ZIKV infection of humans and highlights the relative refractoriness of Ae. aegypti for ZIKV infection at the levels of viremia observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha R Azar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Shannan L Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Sherry H Haller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Ruimei Yun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Jing H Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Jessica A Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Jiehua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Juan P Olano
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Christopher M Roundy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Kathryn A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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29
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Herrada CA, Kabir MA, Altamirano R, Asghar W. Advances in Diagnostic Methods for Zika Virus Infection. J Med Device 2018; 12:0408021-4080211. [PMID: 30662580 DOI: 10.1115/1.4041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most infamous mosquito-borne flavivirus on recent memory due to its potential association with high mortality rates in fetuses, microcephaly and neurological impairments in neonates, and autoimmune disorders. The severity of the disease, as well as its fast spread over several continents, has urged the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare ZIKV a global health concern. In consequence, over the past couple of years, there has been a significant effort for the development of ZIKV diagnostic methods, vaccine development, and prevention strategies. This review focuses on the most recent aspects of ZIKV research which includes the outbreaks, genome structure, multiplication and propagation of the virus, and more importantly, the development of serological and molecular detection tools such as Zika IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Zika MAC-ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Additionally, we discuss the limitations of currently available diagnostic methods, the potential of newly developed sensing technologies, and also provide insight into future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Herrada
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Md Alamgir Kabir
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Rommel Altamirano
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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Ma D, Shen L, Wu K, Diehnelt CW, Green AA. Low-cost detection of norovirus using paper-based cell-free systems and synbody-based viral enrichment. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2018; 3:ysy018. [PMID: 30370338 PMCID: PMC6195790 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are a primary cause of gastroenteritis and foodborne illness with cases that affect millions of people worldwide each year. Inexpensive tests for norovirus that do not require sophisticated laboratory equipment are important tools for ensuring that patients receive timely treatment and for containing outbreaks. Herein, we demonstrate a low-cost colorimetric assay that detects norovirus from clinical samples by combining paper-based cell-free transcription-translation systems, isothermal amplification and virus enrichment by synbodies. Using isothermal amplification and cell-free RNA sensing with toehold switches, we demonstrate that the assay enables detection of norovirus GII.4 Sydney from stool down to concentrations of 270 aM in reactions that can be directly read by eye. Furthermore, norovirus-binding synbodies and magnetic beads are used to concentrate the virus and provide a 1000-fold increase in assay sensitivity extending its detection limit to 270 zM. These results demonstrate the utility of paper-based cell-free diagnostic systems for identification of foodborne pathogens and provide a versatile diagnostic assay that can be applied to the concentration, amplification and detection of a broad range of infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Ma
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, AZ, USA
| | - Luhui Shen
- Biodesign Center for Innovations in Medicine, The Biodesign Institute and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, AZ, USA
| | - Kaiyue Wu
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, AZ, USA
| | - Chris W Diehnelt
- Biodesign Center for Innovations in Medicine, The Biodesign Institute and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander A Green
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, AZ, USA
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Karkhah A, Nouri HR, Javanian M, Koppolu V, Masrour-Roudsari J, Kazemi S, Ebrahimpour S. Zika virus: epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, and control of infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:2035-2043. [PMID: 30167886 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen of huge public health significance to human beings. Although majority of infections are benign with self-limiting symptoms, the recent outbreak has established an association with the increased incidence of some congenital anomalies such as microcephaly. In other words, due to the large extent of the virus and mosquito vectors, the infection has become a thoughtful health problem for human societies, though now, there are no antiviral therapies or vaccines against this virus. In spite of extensive research carried out by scientists, not so much information has been gathered about this viral infection. In the current review, we prepared an overview of the remarkable progress made in understanding about the epidemiology, immunology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis methods of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Karkhah
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mostafa Javanian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Veerendra Koppolu
- Scientist Biopharmaceutical Development Medimmune, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Jila Masrour-Roudsari
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Tesla B, Demakovsky LR, Packiam HS, Mordecai EA, Rodríguez AD, Bonds MH, Brindley MA, Murdock CC. Estimating the effects of variation in viremia on mosquito susceptibility, infectiousness, and R0 of Zika in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006733. [PMID: 30133450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Like most viral infections, ZIKV viremia varies over several orders of magnitude, with unknown consequences for transmission. To determine the effect of viral concentration on ZIKV transmission risk, we exposed field-derived Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to four doses (103, 104, 105, 106 PFU/mL) representative of potential variation in the field. We demonstrate that increasing ZIKV dose in the blood-meal significantly increases the probability of mosquitoes becoming infected, and consequently disseminating virus and becoming infectious. Additionally, we observed significant interactions between dose and days post-infection on dissemination and overall transmission efficiency, suggesting that variation in ZIKV dose affects the rates of midgut escape and salivary gland invasion. We did not find significant effects of dose on mosquito mortality. We also demonstrate that detecting virus using RT-qPCR approaches rather than plaque assays potentially over-estimates key transmission parameters, including the time at which mosquitoes become infectious and viral burden. Finally, using these data to parameterize an R0 model, we showed that increasing viremia from 104 to 106 PFU/mL increased relative R0 3.8-fold, demonstrating that variation in viremia substantially affects transmission risk. The number of people at risk for contracting Zika virus (ZIKV) is difficult to estimate accurately because most infected hosts are asymptomatic and the relationship between variation in host viremia and transmission to local mosquitoes is unclear. Controlling ZIKV transmission remains a major challenge due to lack of basic information on transmission mechanisms and gaps in mechanistic models. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of variation in viral concentration that current modeling efforts ignore, which will enhance our ability to predict the number of people at risk for arbovirus infection, overall disease transmission, and the efficacy of current and future intervention strategies. We demonstrated that increased concentration of ZIKV in the blood significantly increases the probability and the rate at which mosquitoes become infectious, which increases the risk of ZIKV transmission.
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Weaver SC. Prediction and prevention of urban arbovirus epidemics: A challenge for the global virology community. Antiviral Res 2018; 156:80-84. [PMID: 29906475 PMCID: PMC6082388 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence and rapid spread of Zika virus in tropical regions of the Western Hemisphere took arbovirologists and public health officials by surprise, and the earlier transfers of West Nile and chikungunya viruses from the Old to the New World were also unexpected. These pandemics underscore the increasing threat of zoonotic arboviruses, especially those that are capable of entering into human-amplified, urban transmission cycles transmitted by Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and sometimes other Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. mosquitoes. This review serves as an introduction to a World Health Organization-sponsored conference to be held on June 18-19, 2018 in Geneva, titled "From obscurity to urban epidemics: what are the next urban arboviruses?" It is intended to set the stage and fuel discussions of future urban arbovirus threats, how we can predict these risks from known and unknown viruses, and what factors may change these risks over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
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Kikuti M, Tauro LB, Moreira PSS, Campos GS, Paploski IAD, Weaver SC, Reis MG, Kitron U, Ribeiro GS. Diagnostic performance of commercial IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) for diagnosis of Zika virus infection. Virol J 2018; 15:108. [PMID: 30005683 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serologic detection of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections is challenging because of antigenic similarities among flaviviruses. Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of commercial ZIKV IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Methods We used sera from febrile patients with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection to determine sensitivity and sera from RT-PCR-confirmed dengue cases and blood donors, both of which were collected before ZIKV epidemics in Brazil (2009–2011 and 2013, respectively) to determine specificity. Results The ZIKV IgM-ELISA positivity among RT-PCR ZIKV confirmed cases was 0.0% (0/14) and 12.5% (1/8) for acute- and convalescent-phase sera, respectively, while its specificity was 100.0% (58/58) and 98.3% (58/59) for acute- and convalescent-phase sera of dengue patients, and 100.0% (23/23) for blood donors. The ZIKV IgG-ELISA sensitivity was 100.0% (6/6) on convalescent-phase sera from RT-PCR confirmed ZIKV patients, while its specificity was 27.3% (15/55) on convalescent-phase sera from dengue patients and 45.0% (9/20) on blood donors’ sera. The ZIKV IgG-ELISA specificity among dengue confirmed cases was much greater among patients with primary dengue (92.3%; 12/13), compared to secondary dengue (7.1%; 3/42). Conclusions In a setting of endemic dengue transmission, the ZIKV IgM-ELISA had high specificity, but poor sensitivity. In contrast, the ZIKV IgG-ELISA showed low specificity, particularly for patients previously exposed to dengue infections. This suggests that this ZIKV IgM-ELISA is not useful in confirming a diagnosis of ZIKV infection in suspected patients, whereas the IgG-ELISA is more suitable for ZIKV diagnosis among travelers, who reside in areas free of flavivirus transmission, rather than for serosurveys in dengue-endemic areas.
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Kim DTH, Bao DT, Park H, Ngoc NM, Yeo SJ. Development of a novel peptide aptamer-based immunoassay to detect Zika virus in serum and urine. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3629-3642. [PMID: 30026871 PMCID: PMC6037026 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has been identified as a cause of adverse outcomes of pregnancy, including microcephaly and other congenital diseases. Most people infected with ZIKV do not show any symptoms. Development of a method to discriminate dengue virus (DENV) and ZIKV infections has been challenging, and efficient assays for patient management are limited, attributable to high levels of cross-reactivity among co-circulating Flaviviruses. Thus, there is an urgent need for a specific high-throughput diagnostic assay to discriminate ZIKV infections from other Flavivirus infections. Methods: A novel epitope peptide of the ZIKV envelope protein was predicted using three immune epitope database analysis tools and then further modified. A molecular docking study was conducted using three-dimensional structures of the ZIKV envelope and peptide. Experimentally, interactions between the selected peptides and virus were assessed via a fluorescence-linked sandwich immunosorbent assay (FLISA), and performance of peptide-linked sandwich FLISA was evaluated in virus-spiked human serum and urine. Results: The Z_10.8 peptide (KRAVVSCAEA) was predicted to be a suitable detector, with a higher binding affinity than other candidates based on four criteria (binding affinity, root mean square deviation, position of amine residue of lysine at the N-terminus, and interactive site) in a docking study. Z_10.8 was significantly more efficient at detecting ZIKV than the other two peptides, as shown in the direct FLISA (P < 0.001). Further, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) for the Z_10.8 peptide was 706.0 ± 177.9 (mean ± SD, nM), with specificity to discriminate ZIKV from DENV. The limit of detection for the sandwich FLISA was calculated as 1×104 tissue culture infective dose (TCID)50/mL. The presence of serum or urine did not interfere with the performance of the Z_10.8-linked sandwich FLISA. Conclusion: Four criteria are suggested for the development of an in silico modeled peptide aptamer; this computerized peptide aptamer discriminated ZIKV from DENV via immunoassay.
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Elfiky AA, Ismail AM. Molecular docking revealed the binding of nucleotide/side inhibitors to Zika viral polymerase solved structures. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2018; 29:409-418. [PMID: 29652194 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2018.1454981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A new Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak started in 2015. According to the World Health Organization, 84 countries confirmed ZIKV infection. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was an appealing target for drug designers during the last two decades. Through molecular docking, we screened 16 nucleotide/side inhibitors against ZIKV RdRp. While the mode of interaction with ZIKV is different from that in the hepatitis C virus (HCV), nucleotide/side inhibitors in this study (mostly anti-HCV) showed promising binding affinities (-6.2 to -9.7 kcal/mol calculated by AutoDock Vina) to ZIKV RdRp. Setrobuvir, YAK and, to a lesser extent, IDX-184 reveal promising results compared to other inhibitors in terms of binding ZIKV RdRp. These candidates would be powerful anti-ZIKV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Elfiky
- a Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
- b Quantitative Life Science Department, The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics , Strada Costiera , Trieste , Italy
- c Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
| | - A M Ismail
- a Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
- d Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
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Hall-Mendelin S, Pyke AT, Moore PR, Ritchie SA, Moore FAJ, van den Hurk AF. Characterization of a Western Pacific Zika Virus Strain in Australian Aedes aegypti. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:317-322. [PMID: 29694294 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a globally emerging arbovirus responsible for widespread epidemics in the western Pacific, the Americas, and Asia. The virus predominately circulates in urban transmission cycles between Aedes aegypti and humans. Australia is considered at risk to outbreaks of ZIKV due to the presence of A. aegypti populations in northern areas of the state of Queensland. Furthermore, close proximity to epidemic regions has led to almost 50% of imported cases reported since 2012 originating in the Pacific region. We conducted the first vector competence experiments with A. aegypti from three Australian populations for a western Pacific strain of ZIKV. When exposed to bloodmeals containing between 105 and 108 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID)50/mL of virus, infection, dissemination, and transmission, rates were <10%. In comparison to using frozen virus stock, exposing mosquitoes to freshly cultured virus also did not increase infection or transmission rates. It was only when bloodmeal titers exceeded 108 TCID50/mL that infection rates approached 50% and transmission rates increased to >20%. However, this concentration of virus is considerably higher than levels previously reported in blood samples from viremic humans. The Australian A. aegypti tested appear to express a midgut barrier to ZIKV infection, as 50% of mosquitoes that became infected developed a disseminated infection, and 50% of those mosquitoes transmitted the virus. Overall, these results suggest that while Australian A. aegypti strains are able to transmit the western Pacific ZIKV strain, they are relatively inefficient vectors of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hall-Mendelin
- 1 Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services , Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Alyssa T Pyke
- 1 Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services , Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Peter R Moore
- 1 Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services , Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Scott A Ritchie
- 2 College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Cairns, Australia
| | - Frederick A J Moore
- 1 Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services , Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Andrew F van den Hurk
- 1 Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services , Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Australia
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Santiago GA, Vázquez J, Courtney S, Matías KY, Andersen LE, Colón C, Butler AE, Roulo R, Bowzard J, Villanueva JM, Muñoz-Jordan JL. Performance of the Trioplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1391. [PMID: 29643334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) presented a challenge to the diagnosis of ZIKV infections in areas with transmission of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. To facilitate detection of ZIKV infections, and differentiate these infections from DENV and CHIKV, we developed the Trioplex real-time RT-PCR assay (Trioplex assay). Here, we describe the optimization of multiplex and singleplex formats of the assay for a variety of chemistries and instruments to facilitate global standardization and implementation. We evaluated the analytical performance of all Trioplex modalities for detection of these three pathogens in serum and whole blood, and for ZIKV in urine. The limit of detection for the three viruses and in different RNA-extraction modalities is near 103 genome copy equivalents per milliliter (GCE/mL). Simultaneous testing of more than one specimen type from each patient provides a 6.4% additional diagnostic sensitivity. Overall, the high sensitivity of the Trioplex assay demonstrates the utility of this assay ascertaining Zika cases. The Trioplex real-time RT-PCR assay was developed for detection of Zika virus infections in areas with dengue and chikungunya transmission. Here, Santiago et al. describe the optimization and clinical performance of the assay, showing high sensitivity for detection and differentiation of the three viruses.
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Abstract
Since the emergence and dissemination of Zika virus (ZIKV) in late 2015, our understanding of the biology, transmission, clinical disease, and potential sequelae associated with infection has markedly expanded. Over the past 2 years, the number of diagnostic assays for ZIKV has increased from none in 2015 to 5 serological assays and 14 molecular assays in 2017, all with emergency use authorization granted through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Here we provide an update on ZIKV, addressing what we have collectively learned since the outbreak began, including a summary of currently available diagnostic assays for this virus.
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Oliveira MID, Namiyama GM, Cabral GB, Ferreira JL, Taniwaki N, Afonso AMS, Lima IR, Brigido LFMD. Isolation of infectious Zika virus from a urine sample cultured in SIRC cells from a patient suspected of having rubella virus. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e15. [PMID: 29557985 PMCID: PMC5962088 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A great variety of viruses which cause exanthema share other clinical manifestations, making the etiologic identification a very difficult task, relying exclusively on the clinical examination. Rubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In the present report, we described the presence of Zika virus (ZIKV) particles in urine samples and also ZIKV isolation in SIRC cells from the urine of a patient in acute phase of suspected rubella disease. The 50-year-old unvaccinated woman living in Sao Paulo, Brazil, was admitted to the emergency room with fever, headache, rash, arthralgia and prostration. Urine samples were collected for virus isolation and RT-qPCR. SIRC and Vero cells were inoculated with urine samples during 7 days. RT-qPCR was performed using measles virus (MV) and RV primers and both were found to be negative. After this result, RT-qPCR was performed for parvovirus B19, herpes virus 6 and ZIKV. The urine sample and the isolate were positive by Real Time PCR for ZIKV and negative for all other viruses tested. The sequences isolated are from the Asiatic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Bastos Cabral
- Núcleo de Doenças de Vinculação Sexual e Sanguínea, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Leandro Ferreira
- Núcleo de Doenças de Vinculação Sexual e Sanguínea, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noemi Taniwaki
- Núcleo de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Sardinha Afonso
- Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Rillo Lima
- Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Macedo de Brigido
- Núcleo de Doenças de Vinculação Sexual e Sanguínea, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Elfiky AA, Elshemey WM. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed binding of nucleotide inhibitors to ZIKV polymerase over 444 nanoseconds. J Med Virol 2018; 90:13-18. [PMID: 28922464 PMCID: PMC7166584 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the year 2015, new Zika virus (ZIKV) broke out in Brazil and spread away in more than 80 countries. Scientists directed their efforts toward viral polymerase in attempt to find inhibitors that might interfere with its function. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was performed over 444 ns for a ZIKV polymerase model. Molecular docking (MD) was then performed every 10 ns during the MDS course to ensure the binding of small molecules to the polymerase over the entire time of the simulation. MD revealed the binding ability of four suggested guanosine inhibitors (GIs); (Guanosine substituted with OH and SH (phenyl) oxidanyl in the 2' carbon of the ribose ring). The GIs were compared to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and five anti-hepatitis C virus drugs (either approved or under clinical trials). The mode of binding and the binding performance of GIs to ZIKV polymerase were found to be the same as GTP. Hence, these compounds were capable of competing GTP for the active site. Moreover, GIs bound to ZIKV active site more tightly compared to ribavirin, the wide-range antiviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo A. Elfiky
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
- Department of Quantitative Life ScienceThe Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics ICTPTriesteItaly
| | - Wael M. Elshemey
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
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Dudley DM, Newman CM, Lalli J, Stewart LM, Koenig MR, Weiler AM, Semler MR, Barry GL, Zarbock KR, Mohns MS, Breitbach ME, Schultz-Darken N, Peterson E, Newton W, Mohr EL, Capuano Iii S, Osorio JE, O'Connor SL, O'Connor DH, Friedrich TC, Aliota MT. Infection via mosquito bite alters Zika virus tissue tropism and replication kinetics in rhesus macaques. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2096. [PMID: 29235456 PMCID: PMC5727388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse and nonhuman primate models now serve as useful platforms to study Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis, candidate therapies, and vaccines, but they rely on needle inoculation of virus: the effects of mosquito-borne infection on disease outcome have not been explored in these models. Here we show that infection via mosquito bite delays ZIKV replication to peak viral loads in rhesus macaques. Importantly, in mosquito-infected animals ZIKV tissue distribution was limited to hemolymphatic tissues, female reproductive tract tissues, kidney, and liver, potentially emulating key features of human ZIKV infections, most of which are characterized by mild or asymptomatic disease. Furthermore, deep sequencing analysis reveals that ZIKV populations in mosquito-infected monkeys show greater sequence heterogeneity and lower overall diversity than in needle-inoculated animals. This newly developed system will be valuable for studying ZIKV disease because it more closely mimics human infection by mosquito bite than needle-based inoculations. Vector saliva can affect infectivity and pathogenesis of vector-borne viruses, but this hasn’t been studied for Zika virus infection. Here, Dudley et al. show that mosquito-mediated Zika infection of macaques results in altered replication kinetics and greater sequence heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Christina M Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Joseph Lalli
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Laurel M Stewart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michelle R Koenig
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrea M Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Matthew R Semler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Gabrielle L Barry
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Katie R Zarbock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mariel S Mohns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Meghan E Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Eric Peterson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Wendy Newton
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Emma L Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Saverio Capuano Iii
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Matthew T Aliota
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Abstract
Aim: During the last 2 years, the zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has rapidly spread worldwide to more than 80 countries. In the last decade, nucleotide inhibitors (NIs) have been widely studied against different viruses such as HCV and human coronaviruses. Materials & methods: In this study, four novel guanosine derivatives were tested in silico against ZIKV polymerase. Discussion: The modified guanosines at position 2′ in the ribose ring gave comparable binding energies to that of GTP; hence, it could compete with GTP for the ZIKV polymerase active site and halt viral replication. Conclusion: The suggested guanosine derivatives had a higher affinity than ribavirin (wide range antiviral drug) in binding to ZIKV polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo A Elfiky
- Lecturer at Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Junior Associate at Quantitative Life Science Department, The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
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44
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Musso D, Bossin H, Mallet HP, Besnard M, Broult J, Baudouin L, Levi JE, Sabino EC, Ghawche F, Lanteri MC, Baud D. Zika virus in French Polynesia 2013-14: anatomy of a completed outbreak. Lancet Infect Dis 2017; 18:e172-e182. [PMID: 29150310 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Zika virus crisis exemplified the risk associated with emerging pathogens and was a reminder that preparedness for the worst-case scenario, although challenging, is needed. Herein, we review all data reported during the unexpected emergence of Zika virus in French Polynesia in late 2013. We focus on the new findings reported during this outbreak, especially the first description of severe neurological complications in adults and the retrospective description of CNS malformations in neonates, the isolation of Zika virus in semen, the potential for blood-transfusion transmission, mother-to-child transmission, and the development of new diagnostic assays. We describe the effect of this outbreak on health systems, the implementation of vector-borne control strategies, and the line of communication used to alert the international community of the new risk associated with Zika virus. This outbreak highlighted the need for careful monitoring of all unexpected events that occur during an emergence, to implement surveillance and research programmes in parallel to management of cases, and to be prepared to the worst-case scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Musso
- Pôle de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé, Paea, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Hervé Bossin
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Louis Malardé, Paea, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Henri Pierre Mallet
- Bureau de Veille Sanitaire, Direction de la Santé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Marianne Besnard
- Service de Réanimation néonatale, Centre Hospitalier du Taaone, Pirae, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Julien Broult
- Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Centre Hospitalier du Taaone, Pirae, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Laure Baudouin
- Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier du Taaone, Pirae, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - José Eduardo Levi
- Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederic Ghawche
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier du Taaone, Pirae, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Marion C Lanteri
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cerus Corporation, Concord, CA, USA
| | - David Baud
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Femme-Mère-Enfant, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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45
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Ryckebusch F, Berthet M, Missé D, Choumet V. Infection of a French Population of Aedes albopictus and of Aedes aegypti (Paea Strain) with Zika Virus Reveals Low Transmission Rates to These Vectors' Saliva. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112384. [PMID: 29125545 PMCID: PMC5713353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease caused by the Zika virus (ZIKV) is a public health emergency of international concern. Recent epidemics have emerged in different regions of the world and attest to the ability of the virus to spread wherever its vector, Aedes species mosquitoes, can be found. We have compared the transmission of ZIKV by Ae. aegypti (PAEA strain originating from Tahiti) and by a French population of Ae. albopictus to better assess their competence and the potential risk of the emergence of ZIKV in Europe. We assessed the transmission of ZIKV by Ae. albopictus in temperatures similar to those in Southern France during the summer. Our study shows that the extrinsic incubation period of Ae. aegypti for transmission was shorter than that of Ae. albopictus. Both vectors were able to transmit ZIKV from 10 to 14 days post-infection. Ae. aegypti, however, had a longer transmission period than the French population of Ae. albopictus. Although the salivary glands of both vectors are highly infected, transmission rates of ZIKV to saliva remain relatively low. These observations may suggest that the risk of emergence of ZIKV in Europe could be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustine Ryckebusch
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Michèle Berthet
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Valérie Choumet
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
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46
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Germain M, Delage G, O'Brien SF, Grégoire Y, Fearon M, Devine D. Mitigation of the threat posed to transfusion by donors traveling to Zika-affected areas: a Canadian risk-based approach. Transfusion 2017; 57:2463-2468. [PMID: 28758222 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent spread of the Zika virus to the Americas and the recognition that it can cause severe disease in the developing fetus has prompted the adoption of measures to mitigate the risk that this virus might pose to transfusion safety. In nonendemic countries, the risk to transfusion results from donors traveling to an endemic region. Canada implemented a 21-day temporary deferral for prospective donors who traveled to such regions. We present the rationale for this policy, including a quantitative risk assessment supported by a Monte Carlo simulation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The model considered the following parameters, each with specified values and ranges: the probability that a donor recently returned from a Zika-endemic region, the duration of travel to this region, the daily risk of acquiring Zika while in an endemic region, and the incubation and viremic periods. We ran the simulation 20 times, each with 10 million iterations. RESULTS In the absence of any travel deferral, 32 donors (range, 20-46 donors) would be able to donate while still being at risk of transmitting Zika, corresponding to a rate of 1:312,500 (range, 1:217,000 to 1:500,000). None of these donors would be viremic beyond 21 days after returning from their travel, with a risk estimated at less than 1:200,000,000. CONCLUSIONS A 21-day temporary travel deferral offers an extremely wide margin of safety for the possible transmission of Zika by a donation obtained from someone who recently returned from a country where the virus is circulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Germain
- Medical Affairs, Héma-Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gilles Delage
- Medical Affairs, Héma-Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Yves Grégoire
- Medical Affairs, Héma-Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Dana Devine
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Musso D, Rouault E, Teissier A, Lanteri MC, Zisou K, Broult J, Grange E, Nhan TX, Aubry M. Molecular detection of Zika virus in blood and RNA load determination during the French Polynesian outbreak. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1505-1510. [PMID: 27859375 PMCID: PMC5575554 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) viremia is reported as low and transient; however, these estimates rely on limited data. We report RNA loads in sera collected from symptomatic patients during the 2013-2014 French Polynesian ZIKV outbreak. We performed molecular detection of ZIKV RNA in sera from 747 patients presenting with suspected acute phase ZIKV infection. Among patients with confirmed infection, we analyzed the duration of viremia, assessed viral RNA loads and recorded the main clinical symptoms. A total of 210/747 (28.1%) sera tested positive using a ZIKV-specific RT-PCR. Viral RNA loads in symptomatic patients that ranged from 5 to 3.7 × 106 copies/mL (mean 9.9 × 104 copies/mL) were not related to a particular clinical presentation, and were significantly lower than those previously obtained from asymptomatic ZIKV infected blood donors. The rate of detection of ZIKV RNA in sera from suspected cases of acute phase ZIKV infection was low. ZIKV RNA loads were lower in symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic blood donors and were lower than RNA loads usually reported in dengue infections. As there is no abrupt onset of symptoms in ZIKV infections, we suggest that infected patients sought for medical attention when viremia was already decreasing or had resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Musso
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, Polynésie Française.,Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Eline Rouault
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Anita Teissier
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Marion C Lanteri
- Blood System Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Karen Zisou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Julien Broult
- Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Emilie Grange
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Tu-Xuan Nhan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Maite Aubry
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
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48
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Rückert C, Weger-Lucarelli J, Garcia-Luna SM, Young MC, Byas AD, Murrieta RA, Fauver JR, Ebel GD. Impact of simultaneous exposure to arboviruses on infection and transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15412. [PMID: 28524874 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of both chikungunya and Zika viruses in the Americas has significantly expanded their distribution and has thus increased the possibility that individuals may become infected by more than one Aedes aegypti-borne virus at a time. Recent clinical data support an increase in the frequency of coinfection in human patients, raising the likelihood that mosquitoes could be exposed to multiple arboviruses during one feeding episode. The impact of coinfection on the ability of relevant vector species to transmit any of these viruses (that is, their vector competence) has not been determined. Thus, we here expose Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to chikungunya, dengue-2 or Zika viruses, both individually and as double and triple infections. Our results show that these mosquitoes can be infected with and can transmit all combinations of these viruses simultaneously. Importantly, infection, dissemination and transmission rates in mosquitoes are only mildly affected by coinfection. Several mosquito-transmitted viruses cocirculate in the Americas, but the potential for co-transmission is unknown. Here, Rückert et al. show that Aedes aegypti mosquitos have the potential to co-transmit chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses and that coinfection does not overall affect dissemination or transmission rates.
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49
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Kiely P, Gambhir M, Cheng AC, McQuilten ZK, Seed CR, Wood EM. Emerging Infectious Diseases and Blood Safety: Modeling the Transfusion-Transmission Risk. Transfus Med Rev 2017; 31:154-164. [PMID: 28545882 PMCID: PMC7126009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While the transfusion-transmission (TT) risk associated with the major transfusion-relevant viruses such as HIV is now very low, during the last 20 years there has been a growing awareness of the threat to blood safety from emerging infectious diseases, a number of which are known to be, or are potentially, transfusion transmissible. Two published models for estimating the transfusion-transmission risk from EIDs, referred to as the Biggerstaff-Petersen model and the European Upfront Risk Assessment Tool (EUFRAT), respectively, have been applied to several EIDs in outbreak situations. We describe and compare the methodological principles of both models, highlighting their similarities and differences. We also discuss the appropriateness of comparing results from the two models. Quantitating the TT risk of EIDs can inform decisions about risk mitigation strategies and their cost-effectiveness. Finally, we present a qualitative risk assessment for Zika virus (ZIKV), an EID agent that has caused several outbreaks since 2007. In the latest and largest ever outbreak, several probable cases of transfusion-transmission ZIKV have been reported, indicating that it is transfusion-transmissible and therefore a risk to blood safety. We discuss why quantitative modeling the TT risk of ZIKV is currently problematic. During the last 20 years there has been a growing awareness of the threat to blood safety from emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), a number of which are known to be, or are potentially, transfusion-transmissible. The transfusion-transmission risk of EID agents can be estimated by risk modeling which can form an important part of risk assessments and inform decisions regarding risk mitigation strategies. We describe and compare the methodological principles of two published risk models for estimating the transfusion transmission risk of EIDs. We use Zika virus as a case study to demonstrate that reliable risk modeling for EID agents can be problematic due to the uncertainty of the input parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kiely
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Manoj Gambhir
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Australia
| | - Zoe K McQuilten
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clive R Seed
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica M Wood
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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