1
|
Valadão MC, Alves PV, López-Hernández D, Assis JCA, Coelho PRS, Geiger SM, Pinto HA. A new cryptic species of Echinostoma (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) closely related to Echinostoma paraensei found in Brazil. Parasitology 2023; 150:1-11. [PMID: 36632020 PMCID: PMC10090611 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202300001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Echinostoma paraensei, described in Brazil at the end of the 1960s and used as a biological model for a range of studies, belongs to the ‘revolutum’ complex of Echinostoma comprising species with 37 collar spines. However, molecular data are available only for a few isolates maintained under laboratory conditions, with molecular prospecting based on specimens originating from naturally infected hosts virtually lacking. The present study describes Echinostoma maldonadoi Valadão, Alves & Pinto n. sp., a species cryptically related to E. paraensei found in Brazil. Larval stages (cercariae, metacercariae and rediae) of the new species were found in the physid snail Stenophysa marmorata in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, the same geographical area where E. paraensei was originally described. Adult parasites obtained experimentally in Meriones unguiculatus were used for morphological (optical microscopy) and molecular [28S, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nad1 and cox1] characterization. The morphology of larval and adult parasites (most notable the small-sized dorsal spines in the head collar), associated with low (0–0.1%) molecular divergence for 28S gene or ITS region, and only moderate divergence for the mitochondrial cox1 gene (3.83%), might suggest that the newly collected specimens should be assigned to E. paraensei. However, higher genetic divergence (6.16–6.39%) was found in the mitochondrial nad1, revealing that it is a genetically distinct, cryptic lineage. In the most informative phylogenetic reconstruction, based on nad1, E. maldonadoi n. sp. exhibited a strongly supported sister relationship with E. paraensei, which may indicate a very recent speciation event giving rise to these 2 species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C. Valadão
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Philippe V. Alves
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Section of Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-689, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danimar López-Hernández
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jordana C. A. Assis
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. S. Coelho
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stefan M. Geiger
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hudson A. Pinto
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonzálvez M, Muñoz-Hernández C, Gómez de Ramón A, Buendía A, Escribano F, Martínez-Carrasco C. Flying across Europe: the case of the spread of Chaunocephalus ferox on a black stork ( Ciconia nigra). J Helminthol 2022; 96:e80. [PMID: 36321436 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The annual migration of birds involves a very large number of inter-continental and intra-continental movements in which thousands of bird species participate. These migrations have been associated with the spread of pathogens worldwide, including bacteria, viruses and parasites. This study describes the case of a black stork (Ciconia nigra) that was ringed at the nest in Latvia and died five months later in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula. Post-mortem examination revealed that the cause of death was electrocution. In addition, a massive infection by the trematode Chaunocephalus ferox (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) causing severe granulomatous lesions throughout the small intestine was detected. This is the first report of C. ferox infection in a black stork in the Iberian Peninsula, a trematode that, due to the severe lesions it causes, can affect the health of C. ferox-infected wild birds, particularly in severely infected long-distance migrants. The dispersal of platyhelminths associated with migratory birds is discussed. After the ringing at the nest, the black stork was sighted in Central Europe one month before its capture, and the trematodes found by necropsy were mostly mature adults. Consequently, we estimate that this juvenile animal acquired the infection during its migration in a European area other than the Iberian Peninsula, evidencing a long-distance parasite spread through its migratory host. Our study highlights that bird ringing can be used to understand the epidemiological implications that bird migratory behaviour may have on the dispersal of parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gonzálvez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - C Muñoz-Hernández
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Gómez de Ramón
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre 'El Valle', Ctra. Subida del Valle, 62, 30150 La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Buendía
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - F Escribano
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre 'El Valle', Ctra. Subida del Valle, 62, 30150 La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Martínez-Carrasco
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Habib MR, Lv S, Rollinson D, Zhou XN. Invasion and Dispersal of Biomphalaria Species: Increased Vigilance Needed to Prevent the Introduction and Spread of Schistosomiasis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:614797. [PMID: 33644096 PMCID: PMC7902764 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.614797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasion is a matter of great concern from both public health and biodiversity perspectives. Some invasive snail species may trigger disease emergence by acting as intermediate hosts. The geographic distribution of Schistosoma mansoni depends on the presence of susceptible species of Biomphalaria freshwater snails that support the parasite's transformation into infective stages. Biomphalaria spp. have shown strong local and global dispersal capacities that may increase due to the global warming phenomenon and increases in the development of agricultural and water projects. Should intermediate hosts become established in new areas then this will create potential transmission foci. Examples of snail invasions that have had an impact on schistosomiasis transmission include the introduction of Biomphalaria tenagophila to Congo and B. glabrata to Egypt. The current spread of B. straminea in China is causing concern and needs to be monitored closely. An understanding of the mode of invasion and distribution of these snails as well as their experimental susceptibility to S. mansoni will predict the potential spread of schistosomiasis. Here we review the invasion patterns of Biomphalaria snails and factors that control their distribution and the impact that invasion may have on intestinal schistosomiasis transmission. In addition, we propose some possible surveillance responses for optimum control strategies and interventions. Whenever possible, swift action should be taken to contain any new occurrence of these intermediate snail hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Habib
- Medical Malacology Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Center on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David Rollinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Center on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schultz JH, Bu L, Kamel B, Adema CM. RNA-seq: The early response of the snail Physella acuta to the digenetic trematode Echinostoma paraensei. J Parasitol 2021; 106:490-505. [PMID: 32726421 DOI: 10.1645/19-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the response of the snail Physella acuta to Echinostoma paraensei, a compatible digenetic trematode, Illumina RNA-seq data were collected from snails with early infection (5 snails at 2 days post-exposure [DPE]) and established infection (4 snails, 8 DPE), and 7 control (unexposed) snails. A reference transcriptome (325,563 transcripts, including 98% of eukaryotic universal single-copy orthologs; BUSCO) and a draft P. acuta genome (employing available genomic Illumina reads; 799,945 scaffolds, includes 88% BUSCO genes) were assembled to guide RNA-seq analyses. Parasite exposure of P. acuta led to 10,195 differentially expressed (DE) genes at 2 DPE and 8,876 DE genes at 8 DPE with only 18% of up-regulated and 22% of down-regulated sequences shared between these time points. Gene ontology (GO) analysis yielded functional annotation of only 1.2% of DE genes but did not indicate major changes in biological activities of P. acuta between 2 and 8 DPE. Increased insights were achieved by analysis of expression profiles of 460 immune-relevant DE transcripts, identified by BLAST and InterProScan. Physella acuta has expanded gene families that encode immune-relevant domains, including CD109/TEP, GTPase IMAP, Limulus agglutination factor (dermatopontin), FReD (≥82 sequences with fibrinogen-related domains), and transcripts that combine C-type lectin (C-LECT) and C1q domains, novel among metazoa. Notably, P. acuta expressed sequences from these immune gene families at all time points, but the assemblages of unique transcripts from particular immune gene families differed between 2 and 8 DPE. The shift in profiles of DE immune genes, from early exposure to parasite establishment, suggests that compatible P. acuta initially respond to infection but switch to express immune genes that likely are less effective against E. paraensei but counter other types of (opportunistic) pathogens and parasites. We propose that the latter expression profile is part of an extended phenotype of E. paraensei, imposed upon P. acuta through parasite manipulation of the host, following successful parasite establishment in the snail after 2 DPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Schultz
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Lijing Bu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Bishoy Kamel
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Coen M Adema
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chai JY, Cho J, Chang T, Jung BK, Sohn WM. Taxonomy of Echinostoma revolutum and 37-Collar-Spined Echinostoma spp.: A Historical Review. Korean J Parasitol 2020; 58:343-371. [PMID: 32871630 PMCID: PMC7462802 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Echinostoma flukes armed with 37 collar spines on their head collar are called as 37-collar-spined Echinostoma spp. (group) or 'Echinostoma revolutum group'. At least 56 nominal species have been described in this group. However, many of them were morphologically close to and difficult to distinguish from the other, thus synonymized with the others. However, some of the synonymies were disagreed by other researchers, and taxonomic debates have been continued. Fortunately, recent development of molecular techniques, in particular, sequencing of the mitochondrial (nad1 and cox1) and nuclear genes (ITS region; ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), has enabled us to obtain highly useful data on phylogenetic relationships of these 37-collar-spined Echinostoma spp. Thus, 16 different species are currently acknowledged to be valid worldwide, which include E. revolutum, E. bolschewense, E. caproni, E. cinetorchis, E. deserticum, E. lindoense, E. luisreyi, E. mekongi, E. miyagawai, E. nasincovae, E. novaezealandense, E. paraensei, E. paraulum, E. robustum, E. trivolvis, and Echinostoma sp. IG of Georgieva et al., 2013. The validity of the other 10 species is retained until further evaluation, including molecular analyses; E. acuticauda, E. barbosai, E. chloephagae, E. echinatum, E. jurini, E. nudicaudatum, E. parvocirrus, E. pinnicaudatum, E. ralli, and E. rodriguesi. In this review, the history of discovery and taxonomic debates on these 26 valid or validity-retained species are briefly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jaeeun Cho
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Taehee Chang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonfim TCDS, Martins FG, Tunholi-Alves VM, Lima MG, Mota EM, Maldonado A, Pinheiro J, Garcia J. Evaluation of changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 exposed to experimental coinfection by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda) and Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda). J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 170:107314. [PMID: 31866115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between intermediate snail hosts and helminths can cause metabolic changes in the former. The snails use their reserves for maintenance of their vital processes, by activating the internal defense system and repairing tissue damage, while also supplying necessary energy for the parasites' development. Our aims were to evaluate the lactate dehydrogenase activity and the glucose concentration in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally coinfected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Echinostoma paraensei. Besides these aspects, the glycogen content in the digestive gland complex and cephalopedal mass along with histochemical changes in parasitized snails were analyzed. The snails were divided in group A (infected by 1200 L1 of A. cantonensis), group E (infected by 20 E. paraensei miracidia), group A + E (co-infected with A. cantonensis first and after a week by E. paraensei), group E + A (co-infected with E. paraensei first and then by A. cantonensis) and control group (not infected). During four weeks after exposure, samples were collected for biochemical and histochemical analyses. In the infected snails, glucose levels and glycogen content in the digestive gland complex and cephalopedal mass were significantly lower, in contrast with an increase of lactate dehydrogenase activity. These results indicate that the intense energy demand resulting from the presence of parasites causes the host snail to accelerate the anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates to obtain energy, in an attempt to maintain homeostasis. Both parasites were observed in histochemical analysis to cause tissue damages in the snails. So, although the snails were able to sustain the coinfection, several metabolic and tissue changes occurred, mainly in those infected with E. paraensei and then with A. cantonensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Cristina Dos Santos Bonfim
- Curso de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Florence Gonçalves Martins
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Menezes Tunholi-Alves
- Curso de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gomes Lima
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ester Maria Mota
- Laboratório de Patologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-300 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jairo Pinheiro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juberlan Garcia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monte TCDC, Chometon TQ, Bertho AL, de Moura VS, de Vasconcellos MC, Garcia J, Ferraz-Nogueira R, Maldonado Júnior A, Faro MJ. Changes in hemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Echinostoma paraensei and exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 160:67-75. [PMID: 30513285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The immune system of snails is highly sensitive to pollutants, which can suppress its immune response. We investigated the effects of exposure to the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup® Original on the snail Biomphalaria glabrata infected by the platyhelminth Echinostoma paraensei by evaluating changes in the snail's internal defense system. Four cohorts were studied: control group, infected snails, snails treated with Roundup®, and snails infected and treated with Roundup®. The hemocyte viability was assessed, morphological differentiation of cells was observed and flow cytometry was performed to determine the morphology, viability and the lectin expression profiles. The frequencies of dead hemocytes were lower in the infected group and higher in both pesticide treated groups. Three cell types were identified: blast-like cells, hyalinocytes and granulocytes. The highest number of all types of hemocytes, as well as the highest number of dead cells, were observed in the infected, pesticide-treated group. The association between infection and herbicide exposure greatly increased the frequency of dead hemocytes, suggesting that this condition impairs the internal defense system of B. glabrata making the snails more vulnerable to parasitic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tainá C de C Monte
- Biodiversity and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaize Quiroga Chometon
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Luiz Bertho
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa S de Moura
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juberlan Garcia
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Ferraz-Nogueira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Julia Faro
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cristina dos Santos Bonfim T, Tunholi-Alves VM, Martins FG, Mota EM, Maldonado A, Pinheiro J, Garcia JS. Biological and histological changes in reproductive patterns of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally co-infected by Echinostoma paraensei and Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Exp Parasitol 2018; 195:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Souza JG, Garcia JS, Gomes APN, Machado-Silva JR, Maldonado A. Comparative pattern of growth and development of Echinostoma paraensei (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in hamster and Wistar rat using light and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Monte TCDC, Garcia J, Gentile R, de Vasconcellos MC, Souza J, Braga BV, Maldonado A. In vivo and in vitro effects of the herbicide Roundup(®) on developmental stages of the trematode Echinostoma paraensei. Exp Parasitol 2016; 169:43-50. [PMID: 27373431 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of wildlife and humans to toxic residues of Roundup(®) through agricultural practices or the food chain has been reported since the herbicide was found contaminating rivers. Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine acid, is a nonselective post-emergent herbicide and is formulated as an isopropylamine salt with the surfactant taloamine polyethoxylate (POEA) representing the commercial formulation of Roundup(®). There is little knowledge about the effects of the herbicide on helminth parasites, particularly those whose life cycle is related to water bodies. Here we investigated the effects of the Roundup(®) on the food-borne trematode Echinostoma paraensei in experimental conditions using different developmental stages (eggs, miracidia, cercariae, metacercariae, newly excysted larvae (NEL), helminths at seven days and helminths at fourteen days). Three different herbicide concentrations were tested based on concentrations typically applied in the field: 225, 450 and 900 mg/L. Specimens were analyzed in vitro for hatching miracidia, mortality and excystment rate of metacercariae and in vivo for parasitic load and egg production. There was a significant difference in the hatching miracidia rate only for the newly embryonated eggs. The mortality of specimens and excystment rate of metacercariae were concentration-dependent. There was a significant difference in the miracidia mortality with respect to concentration until 56.3 mg/L. The same effect was observed for cercariae, and mortality was observed from 15 min onwards at concentrations of 225-900 mg/L. At low concentrations, mortality was detected after 30 min. The effects of the herbicide concentration on NEL and on helminths at seven and fourteen days showed a significant difference after 24 h. There was no significant difference in parasitic load and egg production after infection of rodents with exposed metacercariae. All developmental stages of the trematode E. paraensei were affected by Roundup(®) exposure under experimental conditions. These results suggest that dynamics of transmission of the trematode could be affected in the natural environments. The study also reinforces the usefulness of this trematode as a good model organism to test pesticides regarding human and environmental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tainá C de C Monte
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juberlan Garcia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana Gentile
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Joyce Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brunna V Braga
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adema CM, Loker ES. Digenean-gastropod host associations inform on aspects of specific immunity in snails. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 48:275-83. [PMID: 25034871 PMCID: PMC4258543 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gastropod immunology is informed importantly by the study of the frequent encounters snails endure with digeneans (digenetic trematodes). One of the hallmarks of gastropod-digenean associations is their specificity: any particular digenean parasite species is transmitted by a limited subset of snail taxa. We discuss the nature of this specificity, including its immunological basis. We then review studies of the model gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata indicating that the baseline responses of snails to digeneans can be elevated in a specific manner. Studies incorporating molecular and functional approaches are then highlighted, and are further suggestive of the capacity for specific gastropod immune responses. These studies have led to the compatibility polymorphism hypothesis: the interactions between diversified fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) and diverse carbohydrate-decorated polymorphic parasite antigens determine recognition and trigger specific immunity. Complex glycan structures are also likely to play a role in the host specificity typifying snail-digenean interactions. We conclude by noting the dynamic and consequential interactions between snails and digeneans can be considered as drivers of diversification of digenean parasites and in the development and maintenance of specific immunity in gastropods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Adema
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - E S Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Benelli G, Bedini S, Flamini G, Cosci F, Cioni PL, Amira S, Benchikh F, Laouer H, Di Giuseppe G, Conti B. Mediterranean essential oils as effective weapons against the West Nile vector Culex pipiens and the Echinostoma intermediate host Physella acuta: what happens around? An acute toxicity survey on non-target mayflies. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1011-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
13
|
dos Santos Bonfim TC, Maldonado A Jr, Tunholi VM, Tunholi-Alves VM, Faro MJ, Mota EM, Barros da Silva TC, Pinheiro J, Silva Garcia J. Biochemical and histopathological alterations in Biomphalaria glabrata due to co-infection by Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Echinostoma paraensei. J Invertebr Pathol 2014; 115:80-5. [PMID: 24513030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of concurrent infection by Echinostoma paraensei and Angiostrongylus cantonensis on the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the concentration of total proteins, uric acid and urea in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata were investigated. Additionally, histopathological studies were conducted to better understand the dynamics of ontogenic development of both helminths in the host and the possible biochemical effects. Co-infections by helminths and other parasites often occur due to the wide distribution of helminths and the chronic nature of the infection. The biochemical parameters were measured at the end of the seventh week after exposure. The co-infection resulted in a significant decrease in the total proteins concentration in the hemolymph of snails as well as an increase in the nitrogen excretion products, these results showed that the infection leads to exhaustion of free circulating and stored carbohydrates and the infected snails make use alternative substrates, such as free amino acids. So, the protein degradation to release free amino acids causes a decrease in the content of total proteins in the snail host and an amino acids deamination process, increasing the content of ammonium, which needs to be detoxified. This occurs by increasing the urea and uric acid contents. This observation is corroborated by the increase of ALT and AST activities, enzymes directly related to amino group from an amino acid to an α- ketoacid an important step to generate new carbon skeleton for glucose synthesis de novo, as well as new intermediates to the Krebs cycle. Additionally, reduction in the recovery of L3 from the co-infected group (A + E) was observed, since in this association the burden was higher than in the other. Histopathological results showed a change in the distribution of A. cantonensis in the presence of E. paraensei, indicating that the presence of this trematode impairs the dynamic transmission of A. cantonensis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Leles D, Cascardo P, Freire Ados S, Maldonado A Jr, Sianto L, Araújo A. Insights about echinostomiasis by paleomolecular diagnosis. Parasitol Int 2014; 63:646-9. [PMID: 24780138 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Echinostomiasis is a zoonosis caused by intestinal trematodes and transmitted by the ingestion of mollusks, crustaceans, fish, amphibians, and reptiles, either raw or poorly cooked. Today human infection is endemic in Southeast Asia and the Far East, but has been reported more recently in other regions of the world. Interestingly eggs identified as Echinostoma sp. were found in coprolites from a mummified body human in Brazil, dated 560 ± 40 BP (before present). However, the specific diagnosis based on morphology of the eggs has not been resolved at the species level. As a follow-up to the previous finding, the current study now aims to standardize the methodology for molecular diagnosis and apply it to the coprolite, using current Echinostoma paraensei-positive feces as the reference, and also the same fecal material dried in a stove as an experimental coprolite model. Isolated eggs of E. paraensei and adult worm were included to verify the sensibility and as positive control, respectively. An adult worm of E. luisreyi was used for comparison. PCR using primers in-house for ITS1 region (126 bp) and cox1 (123 bp) of Echinostoma spp. and subsequent nucleotide sequencing were performed. This is the first molecular paleoparasitological diagnosis for echinostomiasis. The methodology was able to amplify specific DNA fragments for the genus Echinostoma sp. in all samples: adult worm, feces, and a single egg of the parasite, in both the experimental coprolite and archaeological sample. Additionally we observed that ancient DNA can also be retrieved without rehydrating the material. The nucleotide sequences from E. paraensei and E. luisreyi are very similar in the fragment analyzed that difficult the differentiation these species, but DNA sequence analysis recovered in the parasite found in the mummy showed more similarity with the species E. paraensei.
Collapse
|
15
|
Souza J, Garcia J, Neves RH, Machado-silva JR, Maldonado A. In vitro excystation of Echinostoma paraensei (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) metacercariae assessed by light microscopy, morphometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:701-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Tunholi VM, Lustrino D, Tunholi-Alves VM, Garcia JS, Mello-Silva CCC, Maldonado A, Rodrigues MDLDA, Pinheiro J. Influence of Echinostoma paraensei (Lie and Basch, 1967) infection on the calcium content in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). Exp Parasitol 2011; 129:266-9. [PMID: 21820434 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Menezes Tunholi
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km7, BR 465, Antiga Estrada Rio-São Paulo, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Souza JG, Garcia JS, Manso PPDA, Neves RH, Maldonado A, Machado-silva JR. Development of the reproductive system of Echinostoma paraensei in Mesocricetus auratus analyzed by light and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Exp Parasitol 2011; 128:341-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Tunholi VM, Lustrino D, Tunholi-alves VM, Mello-silva CCC, Maldonado A, Pinheiro J, Rodrigues MDLDA. Biochemical profile of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) after infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Parasitol Res 2011; 109:885-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Garcia JS, Maldonado Junior A, Bidau CJ, Corrêa LDR, Lanfredi RM, Coelho PMZ. The effect of early infection with Echinostoma paraensei on the interaction of Schistosoma mansoni with Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria tenagophila. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:499-503. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
20
|
Muñoz-Antoli C, Marín A, Trelis M, Toledo R, Esteban JG. Sympatric and allopatric experimental infections of the planorbid snail Gyraulus chinensis with miracidia of Euparyphium albuferensis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). J Helminthol 2010; 84:420-4. [PMID: 20236558 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X10000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An experimental infection with echinostomatid miracidia in sympatric or 'local' vs. allopatric or 'away' snail combinations, as a model to examine parasite compatibility, was carried out. We employed Euparyphium albuferensis miracidia to infect Gyraulus chinensis snails, from three different natural parks: Albufera (Valencia, Spain); the Ebro Delta (Tarragona, Spain) and Coto de Doñana (Huelva, Spain). Insignificant differences between the three snail strains were noted for the infection rate and the rhythm of daily cercarial production. However, a significantly higher total cercarial production per snail, patent period and life span were observed in local snails. The different infection characteristics in the three G. chinensis strains considered reveal that E. albuferensis miracidia demonstrate local adaptation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Pinheiro J, Maldonado Júnior A, Lanfredi RM. Physiological changes in Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in response to Echinostoma paraensei Lie and Basch, 1967 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) infection. Parasitol Res 2009; 106:55-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
22
|
Toledo R, Esteban J, Fried B. Chapter 3 Recent Advances in the Biology of Echinostomes. Advances in Parasitology Volume 69. Elsevier; 2009. pp. 147-204. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(09)69003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
23
|
Muñoz-Antoli C, Marín A, Toledo R, Esteban JG. Effect of Echinostoma friedi (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) experimental infection on longevity, growth and fecundity of juvenile Radix peregra (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) and Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) snails. Parasitol Res 2007; 101:1663-70. [PMID: 17805574 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Echinostoma friedi experimental infection on longevity, growth and fecundity of two susceptible first intermediate host snails, Radix peregra and Biomphalaria glabrata, was studied to contrast the level of compatibility. 120 R. peregra and 150 B. glabrata snails were used exposed to one, three or five miracidia and divided in three categories: INF (snails exposed and infected); ENI (exposed but not infected) and C (control or not miracidial-exposed snails). R. peregra INF snails' death process starts sooner, but in a prolonged extension, while B. glabrata INF snails have a much shorter life span. The infection and the miracidial exposure are able to reduce R. peregra normal development (stunting). B. glabrata INF snails' growth exceeds that of C snails (gigantism). E. friedi produces a total parasitic castration of R. peregra and B. glabrata INF snails. R. peregra would be considered as the required snail host, while B. glabrata only as an adequate snail host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maldonado A, Gentile R, Fernandes-Moraes CC, D'Andrea PS, Lanfredi RM, Rey L. Helminth communities of Nectomys squamipes naturally infected by the exotic trematode Schistosoma mansoni in southeastern Brazil. J Helminthol 2007; 80:369-75. [PMID: 17125546 DOI: 10.1017/joh2006366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The water rat Nectomys squamipes is endemic in Brazil and found naturally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Helminth communities, their prevalences, intensity of infection and abundance in N. squamipes in an endemic area of schistosomiasis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied. Four species of nematodes (Physaloptera bispiculata, Syphacia venteli, Hassalstrongylus epsilon and Litomosoides chagasfilhoi) were recovered in 85.3%, two trematodes (Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma paraensei) in 38.8% and one cestode species (Raillietina sp.) in 1.7% of rats examined. Rats were infected with up to five helminth species each, and these were highly aggregated in distribution. For H. epsilon and S. venteli, intensities and abundances were higher in adult male and subadult female hosts, respectively. Hassaltrongylus epsilon, P. bispiculata, S. venteli and S. mansoni were classified as dominant species, L. chagasfilhoi and E. paraensei as co-dominant and Raillietina sp. as subordinated. No significant correlation was found in the intensity of infecton between each pair of helminth species. Schistosoma mansoni was not related to any other helminth species according to their infection rates, althougth S. mansoni was well established in the natural helminth comunity of the water rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Maldonado
- Laboratório de Biologia e Controle da Esquistossomose, Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av Brasil 4365 Manguinhos, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
de Gruijter JM, Blotkamp J, Gasser RB, Amponsah S, Polderman AM. Morphological variability withinOesophagostomum bifurcumamong different primate species from Ghana. J Helminthol 2007; 80:357-61. [PMID: 17125544 DOI: 10.1017/joh2006363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAdultOesophagostomum bifurcum(Nematoda: Strongylida) from human and non-human primates from Ghana were compared in order to investigate the extent of morphological variability within the species. Using analysis of variance and principal component analysis, significant differences in morphological characters (such as parasite length, width, length of the oesophagus and length of spicules) were demonstrated betweenO. bifurcumworms from humans, the Mona, Patas or Green monkey and/or Olive baboons. These findings suggest thatO. bifurcumfrom different species of primate host represent distinct population variants, also supported by recent epidemiological and genetic studies ofO. bifurcumfrom such hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M de Gruijter
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, University of Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sianto L, Reinhard KJ, Chame M, Chaves S, Mendonça S, Gonçalves MLC, Fernandes A, Ferreira LF, Araújo A. The finding of Echinostoma (Trematoda: Digenea) and hookworm eggs in coprolites collected from a Brazilian mummified body dated 600-1,200 years before present. J Parasitol 2006; 91:972-5. [PMID: 17089781 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3445rn.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of parasites from ancient cultures expands our list of parasites infective to extant humans. A partially mummified human body from the archeological site of Lapa do Boquete, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was recently discovered. It was interred between 600 and 1,200 yr ago. Dietary analysis showed that the mummified body was from a society that had a mixed subsistence of agriculture and gathering of wild foods. Coprolites from the body contained numerous helminth eggs. The eggs were identified as those of Echinostoma sp. and hookworm. Hookworm infection in pre-Columbian populations is already established, but this is the first evidence of Echinostoma sp. eggs found in human coprolites. The diagnosis of a true infection, as opposed to false parasitism, is discussed. The possibility of Echinostoma ilocanum infection is discussed, as this is a common species found in humans in the Asiatic region, which could have been introduced in South America in the pre-Columbian period. Alternative possibilities are also considered, including indigenous Brazilian Echinostoma species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Sianto
- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica-Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maldonado Júnior A, Zeitone BK, Amado LA, Rosa IF, Machado-Silva JR, Lanfredi RM. Biological variation between two Brazilian geographical isolates of Echinostoma paraensei. J Helminthol 2006; 79:345-51. [PMID: 16336719 DOI: 10.1079/joh2005293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The biological behaviour and morphometric data from two allopatric isolates of Echinostoma paraensei (Rio Bonito - RB and Sumidouro - SU) collected from naturally infected Nectomys squamipes from two secluded Atlantic Forest fragments were studied. Mice that had been experimentally infected with ten encysted metacercariae of each isolate were monitored weekly in two trials to analyse worm burden and the kinetics of worm distribution along the intestine. The total number of uterine eggs, wet weights and measurements of the worms and body, acetabulum, testes and ovaries were also analysed. The RB isolate showed a higher worm burden, 7.7+/-0.8, and a longer life span, 16 weeks, compared to a worm burden of 5.8+/-1.1 and life span of 9 weeks for the SU isolate. Worms of the RB isolate were clustered in the duodenum and in the bile duct while the SU isolate worms were dispersed along the small intestine of infected mice. Both isolates developed similarly as regards morphometric data and wet weight, although the total number of uterine eggs was greater in RB. The degree of intraspecific variation observed in the worm distribution along the intestine, worm burden and life span raises questions regarding the use of these criteria for species differentiation. These findings suggest that variation in biological parameters found between the E. paraensei isolates could result from geographical isolation and, in particular, the environmental conditions of transmission. Further studies on E. paraensei polulations from different forest fragments will contribute towards an understanding of the speciation of this parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Maldonado Júnior
- Laboratório de Biologia e Controle da Esquistossomose, Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365 Manguinhos, 21-045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pinheiro J, Maldonado A, Lanfredi RM. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). Vet Parasitol 2004; 121:265-75. [PMID: 15135866 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2003] [Revised: 02/10/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Echinostoma paraensei was described 1967 by Lie and Basch. Recently its natural definitive host, the aquatic rodent Nectomys squamipes, endemic in Brazil, was identified. As most of the echinostomatids, this species presents a zoonotic potential. The morphology and topography of the E. paraensei miracidium obtained from adult worms collected from the natural definitive host N. squamipes is described by light and electron microscopy. The arrangement and the dimensions of the epidermal plates are given. The eyespots are composed by two pairs of lenses measuring 6.03 microm. SEM observations shows that the miracidium body is covered by cilia except at the terebratorium region and the presence of alpha-tubulin in the cilia of the larvae is first recorded by immunelabeling. Nineteen papilla-like structures arranged in three axes and four groups were observed at the terebratoriun, this structure is retractable, presenting folds and a corrugated surface with profiles of cytoplasmic expansions, forming network of anatomizing folds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Pinheiro
- Departmento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
This review examines the significant literature on the biology of Echinostoma species in the "revolutum" group. We have considered 10 species belonging to this group. There is a considerable body of literature for four of the species, i.e. Echinostoma caproni, E. trivolvis, E. paraensei and E. revolutum. For these species we have arranged coverage to include the following headings: (1) systematic and descriptive studies; (2) experimental, manipulative and ecological studies; (3) physiological and biochemical studies; (4) immunological and molecular studies. For the remaining six species, i.e. E. friedi, E. miyagawai, E. echinatum, E. parvocirris, E. luisyrei and E. jurini, the literature is not very extensive, and headings were not used. Considerable information in various areas of modern parasitology can be obtained from species in the "revolutum" complex for which the entire life cycle is maintained in the laboratory. The review includes a list of researchers and their addresses who currently maintain such life cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fried
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|