1
|
Mullins L, Cartwright J, Dykstra SL, Evans K, Mareska J, Matich P, Plumlee JD, Sparks E, Drymon JM. Warming waters lead to increased habitat suitability for juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas). Sci Rep 2024; 14:4100. [PMID: 38485970 PMCID: PMC10940676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and other stressors, including urbanization and overfishing. Consequently, distributions of coastal fish have begun to change, particularly in response to increasing temperatures linked to climate change. However, few studies have evaluated how natural and anthropogenic disturbances can alter species distributions in conjunction with geophysical habitat alterations, such as changes to land use and land cover (LU/LC). Here, we examine the spatiotemporal changes in the distribution of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) using a multi-decadal fishery-independent survey of coastal Alabama. Using a boosted regression tree (BRT) modeling framework, we assess the covariance of environmental conditions (sea surface temperature, depth, salinity, dissolved oxygen, riverine discharge, Chl-a) as well as historic changes to LU/LC to the distribution of bull sharks. Species distribution models resultant from BRTs for early (2003-2005) and recent (2018-2020) monitoring periods indicated a mean increase in habitat suitability (i.e., probability of capture) for juvenile bull sharks from 0.028 to 0.082, concomitant with substantial increases in mean annual temperature (0.058°C/yr), Chl-a (2.32 mg/m3), and urbanization (increased LU/LC) since 2000. These results align with observed five-fold increases in the relative abundance of juvenile bull sharks across the study period and demonstrate the impacts of changing environmental conditions on their distribution and relative abundance. As climate change persists, coastal communities will continue to change, altering the structure of ecological communities and the success of nearshore fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Mullins
- Coastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Biloxi, MS, USA.
- Northern Gulf Institute, Starkville, MS, USA.
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
| | | | - Steven L Dykstra
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Kristine Evans
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - John Mareska
- Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Dauphin Island, AL, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Plumlee
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eric Sparks
- Coastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Biloxi, MS, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
| | - J Marcus Drymon
- Coastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Biloxi, MS, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Finucci B, Pacoureau N, Rigby CL, Matsushiba JH, Faure-Beaulieu N, Sherman CS, VanderWright WJ, Jabado RW, Charvet P, Mejía-Falla PA, Navia AF, Derrick DH, Kyne PM, Pollom RA, Walls RHL, Herman KB, Kinattumkara B, Cotton CF, Cuevas JM, Daley RK, Dharmadi, Ebert DA, Fernando D, Fernando SMC, Francis MP, Huveneers C, Ishihara H, Kulka DW, Leslie RW, Neat F, Orlov AM, Rincon G, Sant GJ, Volvenko IV, Walker TI, Simpfendorfer CA, Dulvy NK. Fishing for oil and meat drives irreversible defaunation of deepwater sharks and rays. Science 2024; 383:1135-1141. [PMID: 38452078 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade9121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The deep ocean is the last natural biodiversity refuge from the reach of human activities. Deepwater sharks and rays are among the most sensitive marine vertebrates to overexploitation. One-third of threatened deepwater sharks are targeted, and half the species targeted for the international liver-oil trade are threatened with extinction. Steep population declines cannot be easily reversed owing to long generation lengths, low recovery potentials, and the near absence of management. Depth and spatial limits to fishing activity could improve conservation when implemented alongside catch regulations, bycatch mitigation, and international trade regulation. Deepwater sharks and rays require immediate trade and fishing regulations to prevent irreversible defaunation and promote recovery of this threatened megafauna group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Finucci
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nathan Pacoureau
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Cassandra L Rigby
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jay H Matsushiba
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nina Faure-Beaulieu
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- Wildlands Conservation Trust, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - C Samantha Sherman
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wade J VanderWright
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rima W Jabado
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Elasmo Project, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patricia Charvet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade (PPGSis), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mejía-Falla
- Wildlife Conservation Society, WCS Colombia, Cali, Colombia
- Fundación Colombiana para la Investigación y Conservación de Tiburones y Rayas -SQUALUS, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Navia
- Fundación Colombiana para la Investigación y Conservación de Tiburones y Rayas -SQUALUS, Cali, Colombia
| | - Danielle H Derrick
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter M Kyne
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Riley A Pollom
- Species Recovery Program, Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel H L Walls
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Bineesh Kinattumkara
- Zoological Survey of India, Marine Biology Regional Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Charles F Cotton
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Environmental Science, State University of New York-Cobleskill, Cobleskill, NY, USA
| | - Juan-Martín Cuevas
- Wildlife Conservation Society Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ross K Daley
- Horizon Consultancy, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dharmadi
- Research Centre for Fisheries Management and Conservation, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Government of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - David A Ebert
- Pacific Shark Research Center, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, USA
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Malcolm P Francis
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Charlie Huveneers
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - David W Kulka
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robin W Leslie
- Fisheries Management Branch, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- MA-RE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francis Neat
- Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Alexei M Orlov
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Getulio Rincon
- Coordenação do Curso de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Maranhão-UFMA Campus Pinheiro, Pinheiro, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Glenn J Sant
- TRAFFIC, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- ANCORS, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Igor V Volvenko
- Pacific Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Terence I Walker
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Selena Shen KL, Cheow JJ, Cheung AB, Koh RJR, Koh Xiao Mun A, Lee YN, Lim YZ, Namatame M, Peng E, Vintenbakh V, Lim EX, Wainwright BJ. DNA barcoding continues to identify endangered species of shark sold as food in a globally significant shark fin trade hub. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16647. [PMID: 38188178 PMCID: PMC10771092 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Shark fins are a delicacy consumed throughout Southeast Asia. The life history characteristics of sharks and the challenges associated with regulating fisheries and the fin trade make sharks particularly susceptible to overfishing. Here, we used DNA barcoding techniques to investigate the composition of the shark fin trade in Singapore, a globally significant trade hub. We collected 505 shark fin samples from 25 different local seafood and Traditional Chinese Medicine shops. From this, we identified 27 species of shark, three species are listed as Critically Endangered, four as Endangered and ten as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Six species are listed on CITES Appendix II, meaning that trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. All dried fins collected in this study were sold under the generic term "shark fin"; this vague labelling prevents accurate monitoring of the species involved in the trade, the effective implementation of policy and conservation strategy, and could unwittingly expose consumers to unsafe concentrations of toxic metals. The top five most frequently encountered species in this study are Rhizoprionodon acutus, Carcharhinus falciformis, Galeorhinus galeus, Sphyrna lewini and Sphyrna zygaena. Accurate labelling that indicates the species of shark that a fin came from, along with details of where it was caught, allows consumers to make an informed choice on the products they are consuming. Doing this could facilitate the avoidance of species that are endangered, and similarly the consumer can choose not to purchase species that are documented to contain elevated concentrations of toxic metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Jie Cheow
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Yun Ning Lee
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhen Lim
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maya Namatame
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eileen Peng
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Elisa X.Y. Lim
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin John Wainwright
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shipley ON, Olin JA, Scott C, Camhi M, Frisk MG. Emerging human-shark conflicts in the New York Bight: A call for expansive science and management. J Fish Biol 2023; 103:1538-1542. [PMID: 37632707 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent spikes in interactions between humans and sharks in the New York Bight have sparked widespread reporting of possible causalities, many of which lack empirical support. Here we comment on the current state of knowledge regarding shark biology and management in New York waters emphasizing that the possible drivers of increased human-shark interactions are confounded by a lack of historical monitoring data. We outline several key research avenues that should be considered to ensure the safe and sustainable coexistence of humans, sharks, and their prey, in an era of accelerated environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver N Shipley
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jill A Olin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Scott
- Division of Marine Resources, New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Merry Camhi
- New York Seascape Program, New York Aquarium, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michael G Frisk
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shiffman D, Bangley C, Macdonald C. "A prized Pacific shark": the rise and fall (and rise again…?) of the world's first ecolabel certified sustainable shark fishery. J Fish Biol 2023; 103:623-634. [PMID: 37249574 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is intense public interest surrounding the conservation and management of sharks, including a debate over whether sustainable shark fisheries are possible or fishing bans on sharks are needed to conserve these animals. An important but rarely discussed data point in discussions of global shark fisheries is the case of British Columbia's fishery for Pacific spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi, which in 2011 became the first Marine Stewardship Council-certified shark fishery anywhere in the world. A few years later, despite reportedly healthy local stocks and thriving global markets for this shark, the fishery voluntarily withdrew its MSC certification, and in recent years more than 95% of the quota for Pacific spiny dogfish has been left in the water. This study provides insight into what happened to this fishery through a review of grey literature and a series of stakeholder interviews with British Columbian fishermen, fish processors, managers and environmentalists. It is a rare case study of a fishery that largely ceased operations without a clear mechanistic explanation like a stock collapse, a government mandate to limit fishing or a clear shift in market demand. This fishery appears to have been affected by the combination of several factors, including a temporary reduction in biomass due to oceanographic effects, potential blowback from overly broad environmental messaging that did not distinguish between sustainable and unsustainable shark fisheries, management changes resulting in altered fishing incentives and changes to processing capacity associated with consolidating the fishing industry into ownership by relatively few large companies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Shiffman
- New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Charles Bangley
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Catherine Macdonald
- Field School, Coconut Grove, Florida, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prasetyo AP, Cusa M, Murray JM, Agung F, Muttaqin E, Mariani S, McDevitt AD. Universal closed-tube barcoding for monitoring the shark and ray trade in megadiverse conservation hotspots. iScience 2023; 26:107065. [PMID: 37389182 PMCID: PMC10300358 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trade restrictions for endangered elasmobranch species exist to disincentivise their exploitation and curb their declines. However, trade monitoring is challenging due to product variety and the complexity of import/export routes. We investigate the use of a portable, universal, DNA-based tool which would greatly facilitate in-situ monitoring. We collected shark and ray samples across the Island of Java, Indonesia, and selected 28 commonly encountered species (including 22 CITES-listed species) to test a recently developed real-time PCR single-assay originally developed for screening bony fish. In the absence of a bespoke elasmobranch identification online platform in the original FASTFISH-ID model, we employed a deep learning algorithm to recognize species based on DNA melt-curve signatures. By combining visual and machine-learning assignment methods, we distinguished 25/28 species, 20 of which were CITES-listed. With further refinement, this method can improve monitoring of the elasmobranch trade worldwide, without a lab or species-specific assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andhika P. Prasetyo
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
- Centre Fisheries Research, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Centre for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Marine Cusa
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Joanna M. Murray
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Firdaus Agung
- Directorate for Conservation and Marine Biodiversity, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Efin Muttaqin
- Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Stefano Mariani
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Allan D. McDevitt
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Haque AB, Oyanedel R, Cavanagh RD. Mitigating elasmobranch fin trade: A market analysis for made-to-measure interventions. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160716. [PMID: 36526199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unsustainable trade in elasmobranch products, particularly fins, contributes to the decline of elasmobranch populations worldwide. Designing and implementing context-appropriate solutions to mitigate unsustainable trade requires a thorough analysis of markets. Here we assess the market component of the elasmobranch fin trade in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, using a framework designed to analyse wildlife markets. Using a mixed-method approach, we characterised the market to identify the components contributing to unsustainable practices. By-catch retention levels were high leading to the development of a solid market. Trade on fins was prevalent due to a high price, lack of awareness, actors' limited ability to adhere to regulations, and no strategies and incentives to limit fishing mortality. An imbalanced power and financial structure between actors were revealed, with some actors accessing unequal benefits from the market. Impediments for adopting conservation measures by low-access actors (e.g., fishers) with limited decision-making power or resources were evident. We also identified challenges to enforcement primarily due to limited reporting and issues identifying species and products. Fishers noted several socio-ecological, technical, and enforcement issues (e.g., policing instead of meaningful monitoring, punitive measures without facilitating compliance), that will require adequate time and resources to change practices. Lack of opportunities and information to adhere to regulations and increased enforcement has led to conflicts, non-compliance and unwillingness to report catches. The study has significantly strengthened the current understanding of Bangladesh's complex elasmobranch product market while highlighting critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed to inform and improve management decisions. Based on the findings, we recommend targeted actions to respond to the current market for mitigating elasmobranch product trade and moving towards establishing sustainable and ethical trade. Our work has both regional and global significance, given the role of the Bay of Bengal nations in the worldwide elasmobranch product market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alifa Bintha Haque
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka- 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Rodrigo Oyanedel
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL)-Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Emilio Pugin, piso 1 Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Región de los Ríos, Chile
| | - Rachel D Cavanagh
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sherman CS, Digel ED, Zubick P, Eged J, Haque AB, Matsushiba JH, Simpfendorfer CA, Sant G, Dulvy NK. High overexploitation risk due to management shortfall in highly traded requiem sharks. Conserv Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Samantha Sherman
- Earth to Oceans Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
- TRAFFIC International Cambridge UK
| | - Eric D. Digel
- Earth to Oceans Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Patrick Zubick
- Earth to Oceans Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Jonathan Eged
- Earth to Oceans Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Alifa B. Haque
- Nature‐Based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Department of Zoology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Jay H. Matsushiba
- Earth to Oceans Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Glenn Sant
- TRAFFIC International Cambridge UK
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Nicholas K. Dulvy
- Earth to Oceans Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Clark-Shen N, Chin A, Arunrugstichai S, Labaja J, Mizrahi M, Simeon B, Hutchinson N. Status of Southeast Asia's marine sharks and rays. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e13962. [PMID: 35665538 PMCID: PMC10087767 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
In Southeast Asia, elasmobranchs are particularly threatened. We synthesized knowledge from the peer-reviewed and gray literature on elasmobranchs in the region, including their fisheries, status, trade, biology, and management. We found that 59% of assessed species are threatened with extinction and 72.5% are in decline; rays were more threatened than sharks. Research and conservation is complicated by the socioeconomic contexts of the countries, geopolitical issues in the South China Sea, and the overcapacity and multispecies nature of fisheries that incidentally capture elasmobranchs. The general paucity of data, funds, personnel, and enforcement hinders management. Reduced capacity in the general fishery sector and marine protected areas of sufficient size (for elasmobranchs and local enforcement capabilities) are among recommendations to strengthen conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Chin
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Labaja
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines
| | - Meira Mizrahi
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar Programme, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Benaya Simeon
- Fisheries Resource Centre of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chin A, Molloy FJ, Cameron D, Day JC, Cramp J, Gerhardt KL, Heupel MR, Read M, Simpfendorfer CA. Conceptual frameworks and key questions for assessing the contribution of marine protected areas to shark and ray conservation. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e13917. [PMID: 35435294 PMCID: PMC10107163 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools in addressing the global decline of sharks and rays, and marine parks and shark sanctuaries of various configurations have been established to conserve shark populations. However, assessments of their efficacy are compromised by inconsistent terminology, lack of standardized approaches to assess how MPAs contribute to shark and ray conservation, and ambiguity about how to integrate movement data in assessment processes. We devised a conceptual framework to standardize key terms (e.g., protection, contribution, potential impact, risk, threat) and used the concept of portfolio risk to identify key attributes of sharks and rays (assets), the threats they face (portfolio risk), and the specific role of MPAs in risk mitigation (insurance). Movement data can be integrated into the process by informing risk exposure and mitigation through MPAs. The framework is operationalized by posing 8 key questions that prompt practitioners to consider the assessment scope, MPA type and purpose, range of existing and potential threats, species biology and ecology, and management and operational contexts. Ultimately, MPA contributions to shark and ray conservation differ according to a complex set of human and natural factors and interactions that should be carefully considered in MPA design, implementation, and evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chin
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and AquacultureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- IUCN Shark Specialist GroupGlandSwitzerland
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Fergus John Molloy
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and AquacultureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park AuthorityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Darren Cameron
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park AuthorityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jon C. Day
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jessica Cramp
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and AquacultureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Sharks PacificRarotongaCook Islands
| | - Karin Leeann Gerhardt
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and AquacultureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Michelle R. Heupel
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS)University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Mark Read
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park AuthorityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and AquacultureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sherman CS, Simpfendorfer CA, Pacoureau N, Matsushiba JH, Yan HF, Walls RHL, Rigby CL, VanderWright WJ, Jabado RW, Pollom RA, Carlson JK, Charvet P, Bin Ali A, Fahmi, Cheok J, Derrick DH, Herman KB, Finucci B, Eddy TD, Palomares MLD, Avalos-Castillo CG, Kinattumkara B, Blanco-Parra MD, Dharmadi, Espinoza M, Fernando D, Haque AB, Mejía-Falla PA, Navia AF, Pérez-Jiménez JC, Utzurrum J, Yuneni RR, Dulvy NK. Half a century of rising extinction risk of coral reef sharks and rays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:15. [PMID: 36650137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharks and rays are key functional components of coral reef ecosystems, yet many populations of a few species exhibit signs of depletion and local extinctions. The question is whether these declines forewarn of a global extinction crisis. We use IUCN Red List to quantify the status, trajectory, and threats to all coral reef sharks and rays worldwide. Here, we show that nearly two-thirds (59%) of the 134 coral-reef associated shark and ray species are threatened with extinction. Alongside marine mammals, sharks and rays are among the most threatened groups found on coral reefs. Overfishing is the main cause of elevated extinction risk, compounded by climate change and habitat degradation. Risk is greatest for species that are larger-bodied (less resilient and higher trophic level), widely distributed across several national jurisdictions (subject to a patchwork of management), and in nations with greater fishing pressure and weaker governance. Population declines have occurred over more than half a century, with greatest declines prior to 2005. Immediate action through local protections, combined with broad-scale fisheries management and Marine Protected Areas, is required to avoid extinctions and the loss of critical ecosystem function condemning reefs to a loss of shark and ray biodiversity and ecosystem services, limiting livelihoods and food security.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharrad AE, Reis-Santos P, Austin J, Gillanders BM. Umbrella terms conceal the sale of threatened shark species: A DNA barcoding approach. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
13
|
Kindong R, Sarr O, Wang J, Xia M, Wu F, Dai L, Tian S, Dai X. Size distribution patterns of silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis shaped by environmental factors in the Pacific Ocean. Sci Total Environ 2022; 850:157927. [PMID: 35963405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Commercial fisheries, especially pelagic longline fisheries targeting tuna and/or swordfish, often land silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis), which are currently listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Due to increasing fishing effort and the fact that they overlap in habitat with target species, the population trend of silky sharks is declining worldwide. Understanding their relationships with environmental variables that lead to their capture by fisheries is critical for their management and conservation. Nevertheless, little is known about their size distribution in relation to environmental variables in the Pacific Ocean. Using data from the Chinese Observer Tuna Longline fishery from 2010 to 2020, this study developed a species distribution model (SDM) to analyze the relationships between silky shark size distribution patterns and environmental variables and spatio-temporal variability at fishing locations. Observed sizes ranged from 36 to 269 cm fork length (FL). The final model suggests that sea surface temperature (SST), primary production (photosynthetically available radiation, PAR), and ocean surface winds were the key environmental variables shaping size distribution patterns of silky sharks in the Pacific. A high proportion of larger silky sharks has been predicted in areas associated with productive upwelling systems. In addition, the model predicted that larger specimens (>140 cm FL) occur near the equator, and smaller specimens farther from the equator but still in tropical regions. Two regions in the eastern Pacific (the coastal upwelling area off northern Peru and the waters around the Galapagos Islands) seem to be important locations for larger specimens. The size distribution patterns of silky sharks in relation to environmental variables presented in this study illustrate how this species segregates spatially and temporally and presents potential habitat preference areas. The information obtained in the present study is critical in the quest for management and conservation of menaced species such as the silky shark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kindong
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Ousmane Sarr
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Meng Xia
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Feng Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Libin Dai
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Siquan Tian
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xiaojie Dai
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Simpfendorfer CA. Sharks and how to save them. Curr Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Huynh HH, Hung CY, Tsai WP. Demographic Analysis of Shortfin Mako Shark ( Isurus oxyrinchus) in the South Pacific Ocean. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223229. [PMID: 36428456 PMCID: PMC9687030 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) demonstrates low productivity and is thus relatively sensitive to fishing. Natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) data are critical to determine their population dynamics. However, catch and fishing effort data are unavailable for this species in the South Pacific Ocean, making stock assessments difficult. Demographic quantitative methods aid in analyzing species with limited data availability. We used a two-sex stage-structured matrix population model to examine the demographic stock status of mako sharks. However, data-limited models to determine fishery management strategies have limitations. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the effects of uncertainty on the estimated mako shark population growth rate. Under unfished conditions, the simulations demonstrated that the mako sharks showed a higher finite population growth rate in the 2-year reproductive cycle compared to the 3-year reproductive cycle. Protecting immature mako sharks led to a higher population growth rate than protecting mature mako sharks. According to the sex-specific data, protecting immature male and female sharks led to a higher population growth rate than protecting mature male and female sharks. In conclusion, sex-specific management measures can facilitate the sustainable mako shark conservation and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Huy Huynh
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
- Department of Fisheries Production and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
- Division of Fisheries Ecology and Aquatic Resources, Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 2, Ho Chi Minh 710000, Vietnam
| | - Chun-Yi Hung
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pei Tsai
- Department of Fisheries Production and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Juan-Jordá MJ, Murua H, Arrizabalaga H, Merino G, Pacoureau N, Dulvy NK. Seventy years of tunas, billfishes, and sharks as sentinels of global ocean health. Science 2022; 378:eabj0211. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abj0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fishing activity is closely monitored to an increasing degree, but its effects on biodiversity have not received such attention. Using iconic and well-studied fish species such as tunas, billfishes, and sharks, we calculate a continuous Red List Index of yearly changes in extinction risk over 70 years to track progress toward global sustainability and biodiversity targets. We show that this well-established biodiversity indicator is highly sensitive and responsive to fishing mortality. After ~58 years of increasing risk of extinction, effective fisheries management has shifted the biodiversity loss curve for tunas and billfishes, whereas the curve continues to worsen for sharks, which are highly undermanaged. While populations of highly valuable commercial species are being rebuilt, the next management challenge is to halt and reverse the harm afflicted by these same fisheries to broad oceanic biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Juan-Jordá
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Hilario Murua
- International Seafood Sustainability Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haritz Arrizabalaga
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Gorka Merino
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Nathan Pacoureau
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas K. Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aximoff I, Cumplido R, Rodrigues MT, de Melo UG, Fagundes Netto EB, Santos SR, Hauser-Davis RA. New Occurrences of the Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) (Carcharhinidae) off the Coast of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil: Seasonality Indications. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36290161 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) (Carcharhinidae) is classified as near-threatened along the Brazilian coast, in line with its global categorization. Although Rio de Janeiro, located in southeastern Brazil, is internationally identified as a priority shark conservation area, many shark species, including tiger sharks, are landed by both industrial and artisanal fisheries in this state. However, there is a lack of detailed information on the species capture pressures and records for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, the aims of this study were to expand the tiger shark record database and to improve upon future conservation and management strategies. Tiger shark records from four coastal Rio de Janeiro regions were obtained by direct observation. The information obtained from fishery colonies/associations, environmental guards, researchers, and scientific articles, totaling 23 records, resulted in an approximately 5-fold increase in the number of tiger shark records off the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro. A possible seasonality pattern concerning the size of the captured/observed animals was noted, emphasizing the need to consider the coast of Rio de Janeiro as an especially relevant area for at least part of the life history of tiger sharks.
Collapse
|
18
|
Porcher IF, Darvell BW. Shark Fishing vs. Conservation: Analysis and Synthesis. Sustainability 2022; 14:9548. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expanding shark fin market has resulted in intensive global shark fishing and with 90% of teleost fish stocks over-exploited, sharks have become the most lucrative target. As predators, they have high ecological value, are sensitive to fishing pressure, and are in decline, but the secretive nature of the fin trade and difficulties obtaining relevant data, obscure their true status. In consumer countries, shark fin is a luxury item and rich consumers pay high prices with little interest in sustainability or legal trade. Thus, market demand will continue to fuel the shark hunt and those accessible to fishing fleets are increasingly endangered. Current legal protections are not working, as exemplified by the case of the shortfin mako shark, and claims that sharks can be sustainably fished under these circumstances are shown to be misguided. In the interests of averting a catastrophic collapse across the planet’s aquatic ecosystems, sharks and their habitats must be given effective protection. We recommend that all sharks, chimaeras, manta rays, devil rays, and rhino rays be protected from international trade through an immediate CITES Appendix I listing. However, a binding international agreement for the protection of biodiversity in general is what is needed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cardeñosa D, Shea SK, Zhang H, Fischer GA, Simpfendorfer CA, Chapman DD. Two thirds of species in a global shark fin trade hub are threatened with extinction: Conservation potential of international trade regulations for coastal sharks. Conserv Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Huarong Zhang
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Corporation Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Douglas Queensland Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota Florida USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Haque AB, Cavanagh RD, Spaet JLY. Fishers' tales—Impact of artisanal fisheries on threatened sharks and rays in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alifa Bintha Haque
- Nature‐Based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- British Antarctic Survey Cambridge UK
| | | | - Julia L. Y. Spaet
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang C, Lai T, Ye P, Yan Y, Feutry P, He B, Huang Z, Zhu T, Wang J, Chen X. Novel duplication remnant in the first complete mitogenome of Hemitriakis japanica and the unique phylogenetic position of family Triakidae. Gene 2022; 820:146232. [PMID: 35114282 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we firstly determined the complete mitogenome of the Japanese topeshark (Hemitriakis japonica), which belong to the family Triakidae and was assessed as Endangered A2d on the IUCN Red List in 2021. The mitogenome is 17,301 bp long, has a high AT content (60.0%), and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, a control region and specially a 594 bp-long non-coding region between Cytb gene and tRNA-Thr gene. The novel non-coding region share high sequence similarity with segments of the former and latter genes, so it was recognized as a duplication remnant. In addition, the Cytb gene and tRNA-Thr gene tandemly duplicated twice while accompanied by being deleted once at least. This is the first report of mitogenomic gene-arrangement in Triakidae. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods based on the mitogenomic data of 51 shark species and two outgroups. In summary, basing on a novel type of gene rearrangements in houndshark mitogenome, the possibly rearranged process was analyzed and contributed further insight of shark mitogenomes evolution and phylogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tinghe Lai
- Guangxi Academy of Oceanography, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Peiyuan Ye
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yunrong Yan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Pierre Feutry
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Binyuan He
- Guangxi Academy of Oceanography, Nanning 530000, China
| | | | - Ting Zhu
- Guangxi Academy of Oceanography, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Beihai 536000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choy CPP, Wainwright BJ. What Is in Your Shark Fin Soup? Probably an Endangered Shark Species and a Bit of Mercury. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:802. [PMID: 35405792 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Shark fin soup is consumed by many Asian communities throughout the world and is one of the main drivers of the demand for shark fin. The demand for shark products has seen shark populations decline by as much as 70%. The fins found in soups break down into a fibrous mass meaning that identifying the species of shark that a fin came from is impossible by visual methods. Here, we use molecular techniques to identify the species of sharks found in bowls of soup collected in Singapore. We identified a number of endangered species in the surveyed soups, and many of these species have been shown to contain high levels of mercury, a potent neurotoxin. It is highly likely that consumers of shark fin soup are consuming levels of mercury that are above safe allowable limits, and at the same time are contributing to the massive declines in global shark populations. Abstract Shark fin soup, consumed by Asian communities throughout the world, is one of the principal drivers of the demand of shark fins. This near USD 1 billion global industry has contributed to a shark population declines of up to 70%. In an effort to arrest these declines, the trade in several species of sharks is regulated under the auspices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Despite this legal framework, the dried fins of trade-regulated sharks are frequently sold in markets and consumed in shark fin soup. Shark fins found in soups break down into a fibrous mass of ceratotrichia, meaning that identifying the species of sharks in the soup becomes impossible by visual methods. In this paper, we use DNA barcoding to identify the species of sharks found in bowls of shark fin soup collected in Singapore. The most common species identified in our samples was the blue shark (Prionace glauca), a species listed as Near Threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List with a decreasing population, on which scientific data suggests catch limits should be imposed. We identified four other shark species that are listed on CITES Appendix II, and in total ten species that are assessed as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Globally, the blue shark has been shown to contain levels of mercury that frequently exceed safe dose limits. Given the prevalence of this species in the examined soups and the global nature of the fin trade, it is extremely likely that consumers of shark fin soup will be exposed to unsafe levels of this neurotoxin.
Collapse
|
23
|
Shiffman DS, Elliott JN, Macdonald CC, Wester JN, Polidoro BA, Ferry LA. The next generation of conservation research and policy priorities for threatened and exploited chondrichthyan fishes in the United States: An expert solicitation approach. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Shiffman
- New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Arizona State University Glendale Arizona USA
| | - Jessica N. Elliott
- Masters of Professional Science Program, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami Miami Florida USA
| | - Catherine C. Macdonald
- Masters of Professional Science Program, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami Miami Florida USA
- Field School Miami Florida USA
| | - Julia N. Wester
- Field School Miami Florida USA
- Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy University of Miami Coral Gables Florida USA
| | - Beth A. Polidoro
- New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Arizona State University Glendale Arizona USA
| | - Lara A. Ferry
- New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Arizona State University Glendale Arizona USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Klein JD, Asbury TA, da Silva C, Hull KL, Dicken ML, Gennari E, Maduna SN, Bester-van der Merwe AE. Site fidelity and shallow genetic structure in the common smooth-hound shark Mustelus mustelus confirmed by tag-recapture and genetic data. J Fish Biol 2022; 100:134-149. [PMID: 34658037 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The common smooth-hound shark, Mustelus mustelus, is a widely distributed demersal shark under heavy exploitation from various fisheries throughout its distribution range. To assist in the development of appropriate management strategies, the authors evaluate stock structure, site fidelity and movement patterns along the species' distribution in southern Africa based on a combination of molecular and long-term tag-recapture data. Eight species-specific microsatellite markers (N = 73) and two mitochondrial genes, nicotinamide adenine dehydrogenase subunit 4 and control region (N = 45), did not reveal any significant genetic structure among neighbouring sites. Nonetheless, tagging data demonstrate a remarkable degree of site fidelity with 76% of sharks recaptured within 50 km of the original tagging location. On a larger geographic scale, dispersal is governed by oceanographic features as demonstrated by the lack of movements across the Benguela-Agulhas transition zone separating the South-East Atlantic Ocean (SEAO) and South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO) populations. Microsatellite data supported very shallow ocean-based structure (SEAO and SWIO) and historical southward gene flow following the Agulhas Current, corroborating the influence of this dynamic oceanographic system on gene flow. Moreover, no movements between Namibia and South Africa were observed, indicating that the Lüderitz upwelling formation off the Namibian coast acts as another barrier to dispersal and gene flow. Overall, these results show that dispersal and stock structure of M. mustelus are governed by a combination of behavioural traits and oceanographic features such as steep temperature gradients, currents and upwelling systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D Klein
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tamaryn A Asbury
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Charlene da Silva
- Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Rogge Bay, South Africa
| | - Kelvin L Hull
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Matthew L Dicken
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa
- Department of Development Studies, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Enrico Gennari
- Oceans Research Institute, Mossel Bay, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Simo N Maduna
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
- Division of Wildlife Research, Reel Science Coalition, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Bester-van der Merwe
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gonzalez C, Postaire B, Domingues RR, Feldheim KA, Caballero S, Chapman D. Phylogeography and population genetics of the cryptic bonnethead shark Sphyrna aff. tiburo in Brazil and the Caribbean inferred from mtDNA markers. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1899-1911. [PMID: 34476811 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the identity, phylogeny and distribution of cryptic species within species complexes is an essential precursor to management. The bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, is a small coastal shark distributed in the Western Atlantic from North Carolina (U.S.A.) to southern Brazil. Genetic analyses based on mitochondrial markers revealed that bonnethead sharks comprise a species complex with at least two lineages in the Northwestern Atlantic and the Caribbean (S. tiburo and Sphyrna aff. tiburo, respectively). The phylogeographic and phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial markers [control region (mtCR) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI)] showed that bonnethead sharks from southeastern Brazil correspond to S. aff. tiburo, extending the distribution of this cryptic species >5000 km. Bonnethead shark populations are only managed in the U.S.A. and in the 2000s were considered to be regionally extinct or collapsed in southeast Brazil. The results indicate that there is significant genetic differentiation between S. aff. tiburo from Brazil and other populations from the Caribbean (ΦST = 0.9053, P < 0.000), which means that collapsed populations in the former are unlikely to be replenished from Caribbean immigration. The species identity of bonnethead sharks in the Southwest Atlantic and their relationship to North Atlantic and Caribbean populations still remains unresolved. Taxonomic revision and further sampling are required to reevaluate the status of the bonnethead shark complex through its distribution range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gonzalez
- Predator Ecology and Conservation Lab, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
| | - Bautisse Postaire
- Predator Ecology and Conservation Lab, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
| | - Rodrigo R Domingues
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Demian Chapman
- Predator Ecology and Conservation Lab, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dulvy NK, Pacoureau N, Rigby CL, Pollom RA, Jabado RW, Ebert DA, Finucci B, Pollock CM, Cheok J, Derrick DH, Herman KB, Sherman CS, VanderWright WJ, Lawson JM, Walls RHL, Carlson JK, Charvet P, Bineesh KK, Fernando D, Ralph GM, Matsushiba JH, Hilton-Taylor C, Fordham SV, Simpfendorfer CA. Overfishing drives over one-third of all sharks and rays toward a global extinction crisis. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4773-4787.e8. [PMID: 34492229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The scale and drivers of marine biodiversity loss are being revealed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessment process. We present the first global reassessment of 1,199 species in Class Chondrichthyes-sharks, rays, and chimeras. The first global assessment (in 2014) concluded that one-quarter (24%) of species were threatened. Now, 391 (32.6%) species are threatened with extinction. When this percentage of threat is applied to Data Deficient species, more than one-third (37.5%) of chondrichthyans are estimated to be threatened, with much of this change resulting from new information. Three species are Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), representing possibly the first global marine fish extinctions due to overfishing. Consequently, the chondrichthyan extinction rate is potentially 25 extinctions per million species years, comparable to that of terrestrial vertebrates. Overfishing is the universal threat affecting all 391 threatened species and is the sole threat for 67.3% of species and interacts with three other threats for the remaining third: loss and degradation of habitat (31.2% of threatened species), climate change (10.2%), and pollution (6.9%). Species are disproportionately threatened in tropical and subtropical coastal waters. Science-based limits on fishing, effective marine protected areas, and approaches that reduce or eliminate fishing mortality are urgently needed to minimize mortality of threatened species and ensure sustainable catch and trade of others. Immediate action is essential to prevent further extinctions and protect the potential for food security and ecosystem functions provided by this iconic lineage of predators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Nathan Pacoureau
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Cassandra L Rigby
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Riley A Pollom
- IUCN SSC Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 West Washington Street, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Rima W Jabado
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Elasmo Project, PO Box 29588, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - David A Ebert
- Pacific Shark Research Center, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape 6140, South Africa
| | - Brittany Finucci
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Caroline M Pollock
- IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Jessica Cheok
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Danielle H Derrick
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - C Samantha Sherman
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Wade J VanderWright
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Julia M Lawson
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA
| | - Rachel H L Walls
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John K Carlson
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center-Panama City Laboratory, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, FL 32408, USA
| | - Patricia Charvet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Kinattumkara K Bineesh
- Marine Biology Regional Centre, 130 Santhome High Road, Marine Biology Regional Centre, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Daniel Fernando
- Blue Resources Trust, 86 Barnes Place, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka; Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE 39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Gina M Ralph
- International Union for Conservation of Nature Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Jay H Matsushiba
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Craig Hilton-Taylor
- IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Sonja V Fordham
- Shark Advocates International c/o The Ocean Foundation, 1320 19th Street NW, Fifth Floor, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou X, Booth H, Li M, Song Z, MacMillan DC, Zhang W, Wang Q, Veríssimo D. Leveraging shark‐fin consumer preferences to deliver sustainable fisheries. Conserv Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Zhou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Hollie Booth
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Mingzhe Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Zhifan Song
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Muñoz-Baquero M, Marco-Jiménez F, García-Domínguez X, Ros-Santaella JL, Pintus E, Jiménez-Movilla M, García-Párraga D, García-Vazquez FA. Comparative Study of Semen Parameters and Hormone Profile in Small-Spotted Catshark ( Scyliorhinus canicula): Aquarium-Housed vs. Wild-Captured. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2884. [PMID: 34679905 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Comprehensive knowledge of chondrichthyan reproductive biology is crucial for the development of reproductive technologies. For that reason, a male reproductive evaluation was performed on the basis of a comparison of samples collected from wild-captured and aquarium-housed small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). Semen quality, sperm morphometry, and reproductive hormones were assessed. The results demonstrate good in vitro semen quality in aquarium-housed sharks, although there was lower plasma testosterone. Abstract Several chondrichthyan species are threatened, and we must increase our knowledge of their reproductive biology in order to establish assisted reproductive protocols for ex situ or in situ endangered species. The small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) is one of the most abundant shark species of the Mediterranean coast and is easy to maintain in aquaria; therefore, it is considered an ideal reproductive model. This study aimed to compare S. canicula male reproductive function in aquarium-housed (n = 7) and wild-captured animals, recently dead (n = 17). Aquarium-housed animals had lower semen volume (p = 0.005) and total sperm number (p = 0.006) than wild-captured animals, but similar sperm concentrations. In terms of sperm parameters, aquarium-housed sharks showed higher total sperm motility (p = 0.004), but no differences were observed regarding sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, or membrane integrity. A morphometric study pointed to a significantly longer head (p = 0.005) and acrosome (p = 0.001) in wild-captured animals. The results of the spermatozoa morphological study of S. canicula were consistent with previous results obtained in other chondrichthyan species. With regard to sex hormones, testosterone levels were significantly lower in aquarium-housed animals (p ≤ 0.001), while similar levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone were found. In short, the present study provides evidence of good in vitro semen quality in S. canicula housed in an aquarium, underlining their excellent potential for application in reproductive technologies for this and other chondrichthyan species.
Collapse
|
29
|
Barbini SA, Sabadin DE, Román JM, Scarabotti PA, Lucifora LO. Age, growth, maturity and extinction risk of an exploited and endangered skate, Atlantoraja castelnaui, from off Uruguay and northern Argentina. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1328-1340. [PMID: 34181283 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spotback skate Atlantoraja castelnaui (Arhynchobatidae) is a large and threatened skate species subjected to fishing pressure, endemic to the Southwest Atlantic that occurs from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to San Jorge Gulf, Argentina. The age, growth, age at maturity and the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase rmax of A. castelnaui were studied using 152 specimens collected from off Uruguay and north Argentina (35°-42° S), between June 2013 and February 2020. Vertebrae from 143 individuals were used for ageing (females: n = 83, size range 404-1300 mm total length, TL; males: n = 60, size range 400-1270 mm TL). Maximum ages determined for females and males were 30 and 28 years, respectively. To fit growth models, non-linear and Bayesian estimation approaches were considered. For the first approach, a set of four candidate growth (size-at-age) models were fitted: three-parameter von Bertalanffy, two-parameter von Bertalanffy with fixed L0 , Gompertz and Logistic. In the second approach, von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic were fitted. For non-linear estimation, model selection indicated that the entire set of candidate growth models were supported by the data. The von Bertalanffy was selected as the best model for Bayesian estimation. There were no differences in growth between sexes. For the sexes combined, the von Bertalanffy growth model by Bayesian method was considered the most adequate to describe the growth of A. castelnaui (growth mean parameters ± S.D.: L∞ = 1210.29 ± 40.68 mm; k = 0.12 ± 0.01 years-1 ; L0 = 179.20 ± 11.62 mm). The age at maturity was estimated at 16.21 and 14.04 years for females and males, respectively. The maximum intrinsic rate of population increase rmax was estimated as 0.252 years-1 . Life-history traits and rmax provided in the present study suggest that this species has a relatively low productivity and may be vulnerable to an intense fishing pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A Barbini
- Biología de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David E Sabadin
- Biología de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge M Román
- Biología de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Scarabotti
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luis O Lucifora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Larson S, Lowry D, Dulvy NK, Wharton J, Galván-Magaña F, Sianipar AB, Lowe CG, Meyer E. Current and future considerations for shark conservation in the Northeast and Eastern Central Pacific Ocean. Adv Mar Biol 2021; 90:1-49. [PMID: 34728053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sharks are iconic and ecologically important predators found in every ocean. Because of their ecological role as predators, some considered apex predators, and concern over the stability of their populations due to direct and indirect overfishing, there has been an increasing amount of work focussed on shark conservation, and other elasmobranchs such as skates and rays, around the world. Here we discuss many aspects of current shark science and conservation and the path to the future of shark conservation in the Northeastern and Eastern Central Pacific. We explore their roles in ecosystems as keystone species; the conservation measures and laws in place at the international, national, regional and local level; the conservation status of sharks and rays in the region, fisheries for sharks in the Northcentral Pacific specifically those that target juveniles and the implications to shark conservation; a conservation success story: the recovery of Great White Sharks in the Northeast Pacific; public perceptions of sharks and the roles zoos and aquariums play in shark conservation; and the path to the future of shark conservation that requires bold partnerships, local stakeholders and innovative measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Larson
- Seattle Aquarium, Conservation Programs and Partnerships, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Dayv Lowry
- National Marine Fisheries Service, West Coast Region, Protected Resources Division, Lacey, WA, United States
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jim Wharton
- Seattle Aquarium, Conservation Engagement and Learning, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico National, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Abraham B Sianipar
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher G Lowe
- California State University Long Beach Shark Lab, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Erin Meyer
- Seattle Aquarium, Conservation Programs and Partnerships, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Haque AB, Cavanagh RD, Seddon N. Evaluating artisanal fishing of globally threatened sharks and rays in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256146. [PMID: 34499686 PMCID: PMC8428726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharks and rays are at risk of extinction globally. This reflects low resilience to increasing fishing pressure, exacerbated by habitat loss, climate change, increasing value in a trade and inadequate information leading to limited conservation actions. Artisanal fisheries in the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh contribute to the high levels of global fishing pressure on elasmobranchs. However, it is one of the most data-poor regions of the world, and the diversity, occurrence and conservation needs of elasmobranchs in this region have not been adequately assessed. This study evaluated elasmobranch diversity, species composition, catch and trade within the artisanal fisheries to address this critical knowledge gap. Findings show that elasmobranch diversity in Bangladesh has previously been underestimated. In this study, over 160000 individual elasmobranchs were recorded through landing site monitoring, comprising 88 species (30 sharks and 58 rays) within 20 families and 35 genera. Of these, 54 are globally threatened according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with ten species listed as Critically Endangered and 22 species listed as Endangered. Almost 98% juvenile catch (69-99% for different species) for large species sand a decline in numbers of large individuals were documented, indicating unsustainable fisheries. Several previously common species were rarely landed, indicating potential population declines. The catch pattern showed seasonality and, in some cases, gear specificity. Overall, Bangladesh was found to be a significant contributor to shark and ray catches and trade in the Bay of Bengal region. Effective monitoring was not observed at the landing sites or processing centres, despite 29 species of elasmobranchs being protected by law, many of which were frequently landed. On this basis, a series of recommendations were provided for improving the conservation status of the elasmobranchs in this region. These include the need for improved taxonomic research, enhanced monitoring of elasmobranch stocks, and the highest protection level for threatened taxa. Alongside political will, enhancing national capacity to manage and rebuild elasmobranch stocks, coordinated regional management measures are essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alifa Bintha Haque
- Department of Zoology, Nature-Based Solutions Initiative, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nathalie Seddon
- Department of Zoology, Nature-Based Solutions Initiative, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Booth H, Squires D, Yulianto I, Simeon B, Muhsin, Adrianto L, Milner‐Gulland EJ. Estimating economic losses to small‐scale fishers from shark conservation: A hedonic price analysis. Conservat Sci and Prac 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Booth
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- The Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx New York USA
| | - Dale Squires
- Southwest Fisheries Science Centre National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration San Diego California USA
| | - Irfan Yulianto
- Bogor Agricultural University Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Bogor Jawa Barat Indonesia
| | - Benaya Simeon
- The Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx New York USA
| | - Muhsin
- The Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx New York USA
| | - Luky Adrianto
- Bogor Agricultural University Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Bogor Jawa Barat Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shiffman DS, Macdonald CC, Wallace SS, Dulvy NK. The role and value of science in shark conservation advocacy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16626. [PMID: 34404844 PMCID: PMC8370980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species of sharks are threatened with extinction, and there has been a longstanding debate in scientific and environmental circles over the most effective and appropriate strategy to conserve and protect them. Should we allow for sustainable fisheries exploitation of species which can withstand fishing pressure, or ban all fisheries for sharks and trade in shark products? In the developing world, exploitation of fisheries resources can be essential to food security and poverty alleviation, and global management efforts are typically focused on sustainably maximizing economic benefits. This approach aligns with traditional fisheries management and the perspectives of most surveyed scientific researchers who study sharks. However, in Europe and North America, sharks are increasingly venerated as wildlife to be preserved irrespective of conservation status, resulting in growing pressure to prohibit exploitation of sharks and trade in shark products. To understand the causes and significance of this divergence in goals, we surveyed 155 shark conservation focused environmental advocates from 78 environmental non-profits, and asked three key questions: (1) where do advocates get scientific information? (2) Does all policy-relevant scientific information reach advocates? and (3) Do advocates work towards the same policy goals identified by scientific researchers? Findings suggest many environmental advocates are aware of key scientific results and use science-based arguments in their advocacy, but a small but vocal subset of advocates report that they never read the scientific literature or speak to scientists. Engagement with science appears to be a key predictor of whether advocates support sustainable management of shark fisheries or bans on shark fishing and trade in shark products. Conservation is a normative discipline, and this analysis more clearly articulates two distinct perspectives in shark conservation. Most advocates support the same evidence-based policies as academic and government scientists, while a smaller percentage are driven more by moral and ethical beliefs and may not find scientific research relevant or persuasive. We also find possible evidence that a small group of non-profits may be misrepresenting the state of the science while claiming to use science-based arguments, a concern that has been raised by surveyed scientists about the environmental community. This analysis suggests possible alternative avenues for engaging diverse stakeholders in productive discussions about shark conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Shiffman
- Earth to Oceans Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. .,New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ, 85306, USA.
| | - Catherine C Macdonald
- Field School Scientific Consulting, Miami, FL, USA.,Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - S Scott Wallace
- David Suzuki Foundation, 2211 West 4th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V6K 4S2, Canada
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Oceans Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Longo CS, Buckley L, Good SD, Gorham TM, Koerner L, Lees S, Liow SY, Oloruntuyi O, Schley D, Rice J, Currey RJC. A Perspective on the Role of Eco-Certification in Eliminating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.637228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing activities threaten marine biodiversity, livelihoods, food security, and human rights across the globe. Often occurring in waters that are difficult to control, and across multi-sector, transboundary, value chains that are hard to regulate, such a complex and heterogeneous problem requires multiple strategies beyond sovereign nations’ legislation alone. Here we explore the mechanisms through which eco-certification, by fostering private-public and cross-jurisdiction cooperation, can incentivize fishers to adopt best practices in harvesting and ecosystem impacts mitigation, increase the transparency of fishery operations and accountability to suppliers. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) sets globally recognized standards for fisheries sustainability and supply chain assurance, based on the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Building on the MSC experience of over 400 certified fisheries representing 18% of global wild marine catch, we analyze examples and available information on the changes achieved by the seafood industry through engagement with the program, with particular focus on the elimination or reduction of illegal, unreported or unregulated fishing practices. We propose here that different, interlinked mechanisms come into play: the Standards provide best practice guidelines for improved catch documentation, monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS), and strengthening regulations. These lead to change either through (1) direct improvements required for fisheries to achieve the certificate (e.g., in Fishery Improvement Projects) or, (2) once certified, to maintain the certificate, or (3) as an emergent effect of the engagement process itself, requiring stakeholder cooperation and transparent information-sharing leading to a greater culture of compliance, and (4), as an effect of strengthening chain of custody documentation and standardizing it across jurisdictions. We also discuss limitations, such as the capacity for fisheries in low-income regions to embark on the management and social reform required, and evolving challenges in seafood sustainability, such as ethical concerns for forced and child labor and shark finning. While not the single silver bullet against such a complex problem, we argue that certification is an important tool in addressing IUU fishing.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Human-wildlife conflicts are a growing phenomenon globally as human populations expand and wildlife interactions become more commonplace. While these conflicts have been well-defined in terrestrial systems, marine forms are less well-understood. As concerns grow for the future of many shark species it is becoming clear that a key to conservation success lies in changing human behaviors in relation to sharks. However, human-shark conflicts are multidimensional, each with different ecological, social and economic implications. Sharks have functional roles as occasional predators of humans and competitors with humans for fish stocks. In addition, and unlike most terrestrial predators, sharks are also important prey species for humans, being a source of animal protein and other products taken in fisheries. These functional roles are complex and often inter-dependent which can lead to multiple kinds of conflict. Shark management for conservation and human safety is also leading to conflict between different groups of people with different values and beliefs, demonstrating that human wildlife conflict can be a proxy for human-human conflict in the marine domain. Sharks are iconic species in society, being both feared and revered. As such human beliefs, attitudes and perceptions play key roles that underpin much human-shark conflict and future work to understanding these will contribute significantly to solutions that reduce conflict and hence improve conservation outcomes.
Collapse
|
36
|
Raoult V, Grant MI, Barbosa Martins AP, Feitosa LM, Braccini M, Cardeñosa D, Carlson J, Chin A, Curtis T, Carvalho Costa LF, Rodrigues Filho LF, Giarrizzo T, Nunes JLS, Sales JBL, Williamson JE, Simpfendorfer CA. Assigning shark fin origin using species distribution models needs a reality check. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200907. [PMID: 34256580 PMCID: PMC8278065 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258, Australia
| | - Michael I Grant
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | | | - Leonardo Manir Feitosa
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 931117, USA
| | - Matias Braccini
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, PO Box 20, North Beach, Western Australia 6920, Australia
| | - Diego Cardeñosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - John Carlson
- NOAA Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Panama City, FL 32408, USA
| | - Andrew Chin
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Tobey Curtis
- Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Management Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA
| | - Luís Fernando Carvalho Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, CEP 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Rodrigues Filho
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Campus Universitário de Capanema, Rua João Pessoa 121, CEP 68700-030 Capanema, PA, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Perimetral 2651, Terra Firme, CEP 66040-170 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz S Nunes
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, CEP 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - João Bráullio L Sales
- Grupo de Investigação Biologica Integrada (GIBI), Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Perimetral da Ciência, Km01, PCT-Guamá, Terreno 11, CEP 66075-750 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jane E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Castellanos‐Galindo GA, Herrón P, Navia AF, Booth H. Shark conservation and blanket bans in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Conservat Sci and Prac 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Castellanos‐Galindo
- Resource Management working group Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Bremen Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute – STRI Balboa Republic of Panama
| | - Pilar Herrón
- Resource Management working group Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Bremen Germany
- Fundación Ecomares Cali Colombia
| | | | - Hollie Booth
- University of Oxford Oxford UK
- The Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Braccini M, Kangas M, Jaiteh V, Newman S. Quantifying the unreported and unaccounted domestic and foreign commercial catch of sharks and rays in Western Australia. Ambio 2021; 50:1337-1350. [PMID: 33550570 PMCID: PMC8116450 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reliable catch information is scarce for most sharks and rays worldwide, with almost half of the stocks considered to be Data Deficient due to limited species-specific catch statistics. Western Australia (WA) hosts a diverse number of shark and ray species, some of which are considered to be threatened with extinction at a global level. Commercial catch statistics only account for shark and ray landings. The present study used the best available information to reconstruct unaccounted and unreported catches for 47 shark and ray taxa to better understand the impact of fishing. For some species, there was good agreement between reconstructed catches and reported landings, but overall reconstructed catches were 57% higher than those derived from official statistics alone, underestimating the actual extraction level for many species. The reconstructed catch time series provide the basis for the assessment of all species of sharks and rays captured in WA, including protected species that interact with commercial and recreational fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Braccini
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA 6920 Australia
| | - Mervi Kangas
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA 6920 Australia
| | - Vanessa Jaiteh
- Swiss National Science Foundation, Wildhainweg 3, P.O. Box CH, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Newman
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA 6920 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hauser-Davis RA, Amorim-Lopes C, Araujo NLF, Rebouças M, Gomes RA, Rocha RCC, Saint'Pierre TD, Dos Santos LN. On mobulid rays and metals: Metal content for the first Mobula mobular record for the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and a review on metal ecotoxicology assessments for the Manta and Mobula genera. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 168:112472. [PMID: 34004480 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study comprises the first record of a juvenile Giant Devil Ray specimen for Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, and its metal and metalloid contents. A scientometric assessment was also performed for the Manta and Mobula genera. Only five records were found, and only As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Pt, Pd and Rh have been assessed. All studies but one concerned human consumption. A significant knowledge gap on metal and metalloid ecotoxicology for mobulid rays is noted, indicating the emergence of a new field of research that th may be applied for wildlife conservation and management in response to anthropogenic contamination. Our study is also the first to provide Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, Ti, V and Zn contents for muscle, liver, brain and kidney for a mobulid ray and one of the scarce reports concerning As, Cd, Hg and Pb in muscle, liver and kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Catarina Amorim-Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictiologia Teórica e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-255 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathan Lagares Franco Araujo
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Teórica e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-255 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Mar Urbano, Rua Sérgio Porto 23, Gávea, 22451-430 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manasi Rebouças
- Colônia de Pescadores Z-13, Praça Coronel Eugênio Franco, Copacabana, 220070-020 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Gomes
- Instituto Mar Urbano, Rua Sérgio Porto 23, Gávea, 22451-430 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael Christian Chávez Rocha
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Chemistry Department, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Dillenburg Saint'Pierre
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Chemistry Department, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neves Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictiologia Teórica e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-255 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Quinlan JR, O'Leary SJ, Fields AT, Benavides M, Stumpf E, Carcamo R, Cruz J, Lewis D, Wade B, Amato G, Kolokotronis SO, Clementi GM, Chapman DD. Using fisher-contributed secondary fins to fill critical shark-fisheries data gaps. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:991-1001. [PMID: 33538362 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing-world shark fisheries are typically not assessed or actively managed for sustainability; one fundamental obstacle is the lack of species and size-composition catch data. We tested and implemented a new and potentially widely applicable approach for collecting these data: mandatory submission of low-value secondary fins (anal fins) from landed sharks by fishers and use of the fins to reconstruct catch species and size. Visual and low-cost genetic identification were used to determine species composition, and linear regression was applied to total length and anal fin base length for catch-size reconstruction. We tested the feasibility of this approach in Belize, first in a local proof-of-concept study and then scaling it up to the national level for the 2017-2018 shark-fishing season (1,786 fins analyzed). Sixteen species occurred in this fishery. The most common were the Caribbean reef (Carcharhinus perezi), blacktip (C. limbatus), sharpnose (Atlantic [Rhizoprionodon terraenovae] and Caribbean [R. porosus] considered as a group), and bonnethead (Sphyrna cf. tiburo). Sharpnose and bonnethead sharks were landed primarily above size at maturity, whereas Caribbean reef and blacktip sharks were primarily landed below size at maturity. Our approach proved effective in obtaining critical data for managing the shark fishery, and we suggest the tools developed as part of this program could be exported to other nations in this region and applied almost immediately if there were means to communicate with fishers and incentivize them to provide anal fins. Outside the tropical Western Atlantic, we recommend further investigation of the feasibility of sampling of secondary fins, including considerations of time, effort, and cost of species identification from these fins, what secondary fin type to use, and the means with which to communicate with fishers and incentivize participation. This program could be a model for collecting urgently needed data for developing-world shark fisheries globally. Article impact statement: Shark fins collected from fishers yield data critical to shark fisheries management in developing nations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Quinlan
- Institute of Envrironment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Shannon J O'Leary
- Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA
| | - Andrew T Fields
- Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA
| | - Martin Benavides
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Emily Stumpf
- American Museum of Natural History, Institute for Comparative Genomics, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Ramon Carcamo
- Belize Fisheries Department, Princess Margaret Dr., Belize City, Belize
| | - Joel Cruz
- Belize Fisheries Department, Princess Margaret Dr., Belize City, Belize
| | - Derrick Lewis
- Belize Fisheries Department, Princess Margaret Dr., Belize City, Belize
| | - Beverly Wade
- Belize Fisheries Department, Princess Margaret Dr., Belize City, Belize
| | - George Amato
- American Museum of Natural History, Institute for Comparative Genomics, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis
- American Museum of Natural History, Institute for Comparative Genomics, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC43A, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, U.S.A
| | - Gina M Clementi
- Institute of Envrironment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute of Envrironment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Birt MJ, Cure K, Wilson S, Newman SJ, Harvey ES, Meekan M, Speed C, Heyward A, Goetze J, Gilmour J. Isolated reefs support stable fish communities with high abundances of regionally fished species. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4701-4718. [PMID: 33976841 PMCID: PMC8093692 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts at isolated and inaccessible reefs are often minimal, offering rare opportunities to observe fish assemblages in a relatively undisturbed state. The remote Rowley Shoals are regarded as one of the healthiest reef systems in the Indian Ocean with demonstrated resilience to natural disturbance, no permanent human population nearby, low visitation rates, and large protected areas where fishing prohibitions are enforced. We used baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVS) to quantify fish assemblages and the relative abundance of regionally fished species within the lagoon, on the slope and in the mesophotic habitat at the Rowley Shoals at three times spanning 14 years and compared abundances of regionally fished species and the length distributions of predatory species to other isolated reefs in the northeast Indian Ocean. Fish assemblage composition and the relative abundance of regionally fished species were remarkably stable through time. We recorded high abundances of regionally fished species relative to other isolated reefs, including globally threatened humphead Maori wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum). Length distributions of fish differed among habitats at the Rowley Shoals, suggesting differences in ontogenetic shifts among species. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands typically had larger-bodied predatory species than at the Rowley Shoals. Differences in geomorphology, lagoonal habitats, and fishing history likely contribute to the differences among remote reefs. Rowley Shoals is a rare example of a reef system demonstrating ecological stability in reef fish assemblages during a time of unprecedented degradation of coral reefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Birt
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Katherine Cure
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Shaun Wilson
- Marine Science ProgramDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsGovernment of Western Australia17 Dick Perry AveKensingtonWA6151Australia
- Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Stephen J. Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentGovernment of Western AustraliaP.O Box 20North BeachWA6920Australia
| | - Euan S. Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - Mark Meekan
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Conrad Speed
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Andrew Heyward
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
- Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| | - Jordan Goetze
- Marine Science ProgramDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsGovernment of Western Australia17 Dick Perry AveKensingtonWA6151Australia
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - James Gilmour
- The Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Cnr of Fairway and Service Road 4PerthWA6009Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pacoureau N, Rigby CL, Kyne PM, Sherley RB, Winker H, Carlson JK, Fordham SV, Barreto R, Fernando D, Francis MP, Jabado RW, Herman KB, Liu KM, Marshall AD, Pollom RA, Romanov EV, Simpfendorfer CA, Yin JS, Kindsvater HK, Dulvy NK. Half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays. Nature 2021; 589:567-571. [PMID: 33505035 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Overfishing is the primary cause of marine defaunation, yet declines in and increasing extinction risks of individual species are difficult to measure, particularly for the largest predators found in the high seas1-3. Here we calculate two well-established indicators to track progress towards Aichi Biodiversity Targets and Sustainable Development Goals4,5: the Living Planet Index (a measure of changes in abundance aggregated from 57 abundance time-series datasets for 18 oceanic shark and ray species) and the Red List Index (a measure of change in extinction risk calculated for all 31 oceanic species of sharks and rays). We find that, since 1970, the global abundance of oceanic sharks and rays has declined by 71% owing to an 18-fold increase in relative fishing pressure. This depletion has increased the global extinction risk to the point at which three-quarters of the species comprising this functionally important assemblage are threatened with extinction. Strict prohibitions and precautionary science-based catch limits are urgently needed to avert population collapse6,7, avoid the disruption of ecological functions and promote species recovery8,9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Pacoureau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Cassandra L Rigby
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Kyne
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Richard B Sherley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK.
| | - Henning Winker
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Ispra, Italy.,Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John K Carlson
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Panama City Laboratory, Panama City, FL, USA
| | - Sonja V Fordham
- Shark Advocates International, The Ocean Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rodrigo Barreto
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Sudeste e Sul do Brasil (CEPSUL), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Itajaí, Brazil
| | | | - Malcolm P Francis
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Kwang-Ming Liu
- Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, George Chen Shark Research Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | - Riley A Pollom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jamie S Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Holly K Kindsvater
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Harvey-Carroll J, Stewart JD, Carroll D, Mohamed B, Shameel I, Zareer IH, Araujo G, Rees R. The impact of injury on apparent survival of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area, Maldives. Sci Rep 2021; 11:937. [PMID: 33441580 PMCID: PMC7806644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is an endangered species with a declining global population. The South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area (SAMPA), Maldives, is one of few locations globally where year-long residency of individuals occurs. This SAMPA aggregation appears to consist almost exclusively of immature males. Due to its year-round residency, this local aggregation is subjected to a high degree of tourism pressure. This ecotourism contributes to the high level of interest and protection offered to whale sharks by the local community. Unfortunately, if regulations are not followed or enforced, tourism can bring with it major stressors, such as accidental injuries. We used POPAN capture-mark-recapture models and lagged identification rate analysis to assess the effect of major injuries on whale shark residency within SAMPA. Injuries may be obtained outside SAMPA. We found individuals with major injuries had a higher apparent survival in the area than those without. Lagged identification rates also demonstrated that sharks with major injuries are more likely to return to the area. We suggest that major injuries result in sharks prolonging their time in the developmental habitat. These findings have implications for individual fitness and the population viability of this endangered species. We propose targeted conservation strategies be considered to protect sharks from further injury. Based on the presented spatio-temporal distributions of sharks, and current local knowledge of sighting patterns, speed limit zones and propeller-exclusion zones should be implemented and enforced. If carried out alongside tourist education, these measures will contribute to the protection of whale sharks within SAMPA and beyond. Furthermore, our results can aid research direction, alongside regulation and enforcement development, at similar sites worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Harvey-Carroll
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme (MWSRP), South Ari Atoll, Maldives ,grid.11914.3c0000 0001 0721 1626School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | | | - Daire Carroll
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme (MWSRP), South Ari Atoll, Maldives ,grid.43641.340000 0001 1014 6626The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK ,grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613The University of Warwick, School of Life Science, Coventry, UK
| | - Basith Mohamed
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme (MWSRP), South Ari Atoll, Maldives
| | - Ibrahim Shameel
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme (MWSRP), South Ari Atoll, Maldives
| | | | - Gonzalo Araujo
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Cagulada Compound, 6308 Jagna, Bohol Philippines
| | - Richard Rees
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme (MWSRP), South Ari Atoll, Maldives
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ripley DM, De Giorgio S, Gaffney K, Thomas L, Shiels HA. Ocean warming impairs the predator avoidance behaviour of elasmobranch embryos. Conserv Physiol 2021; 9:coab045. [PMID: 34150212 PMCID: PMC8210470 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is a vulnerable stage in elasmobranch development due in part to high predation mortality. Embryonic elasmobranchs respond to potential predators by displaying a freezing behaviour, characterized by the cessation of pharyngeal respiration followed immediately by coiling of the tail around the body. We hypothesized that the duration of this freeze response is limited by the embryo's requirement for oxygen. Here, Scyliorhinus canicula embryos were incubated at either 15°C or 20°C during embryogenesis and tested for the duration of, and metabolic consequence of, the freeze response at their respective incubation temperature. Freeze response duration was negatively impacted by routine metabolic rate; embryos at 20°C had 7-fold shorter freeze duration than those at 15°C, potentially increasing their susceptibility to predation. These data demonstrate the capacity for climate change stressors to affect animal behaviour and suggest that this may occur by eliciting changes in the organism's metabolism. We suggest altered predator avoidance behaviour is a new factor to consider when assessing the impact of climate change on the conservation and management of oviparous elasmobranch species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Ripley
- Corresponding authors: Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Research Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, UK. ;
| | - Sara De Giorgio
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Research Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Kirstin Gaffney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Research Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Lowri Thomas
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Research Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Research Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
- Corresponding authors: Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Research Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, UK. ;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
While the ocean has suffered many losses, there is increasing evidence that important progress is being made in marine conservation. Examples include striking recoveries of once-threatened species, increasing rates of protection of marine habitats, more sustainably managed fisheries and aquaculture, reductions in some forms of pollution, accelerating restoration of degraded habitats, and use of the ocean and its habitats to sequester carbon and provide clean energy. Many of these achievements have multiple benefits, including improved human well-being. Moreover, better understanding of how to implement conservation strategies effectively, new technologies and databases, increased integration of the natural and social sciences, and use of indigenous knowledge promise continued progress. Enormous challenges remain, and there is no single solution; successful efforts typically are neither quick nor cheap and require trust and collaboration. Nevertheless, a greater focus on solutions and successes will help them to become the norm rather than the exception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Knowlton
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jorgensen SJ, Micheli F, White TD, Van Houtan KS, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Andrzejaczek S, Arnoldi NS, Baum JK, Block B, Britten GL, Butner C, Caballero S, Cardeñosa D, Chapple TK, Clarke S, Cortés E, Dulvy NK, Fowler S, Gallagher AJ, Gilman E, Godley BJ, Graham RT, Hammerschlag N, Harry AV, Heithaus M, Hutchinson M, Huveneers C, Lowe CG, Lucifora LO, MacKeracher T, Mangel JC, Barbosa Martins AP, McCauley DJ, McClenachan L, Mull C, Natanson LJ, Pauly D, Pazmiño DA, Pistevos JCA, Queiroz N, Roff G, Shea BD, Simpfendorfer CA, Sims DW, Ward-Paige C, Worm B, Ferretti F. Emergent research and priorities for shark and ray conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
47
|
Braccini JM, Newman SJ. Limitations on inferring shark vulnerability from spatial habitat protection. Response to Shark conservation hindered by lack of habitat protection. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
48
|
Abstract
Progress in global shark conservation has been limited by constraints to understanding the species composition and geographic origins of the shark fin trade. Previous assessments that relied on earlier genetic techniques and official trade records focused on abundant pelagic species traded between Europe and Asia. Here, we combine recent advances in DNA barcoding and species distribution modelling to identify the species and source the geographic origin of fins sold at market. Derived models of species environmental niches indicated that shark fishing effort is concentrated within Exclusive Economic Zones, mostly in coastal Australia, Indonesia, the United States, Brazil, Mexico and Japan. By coupling two distinct tools, barcoding and niche modelling, our results provide new insights for monitoring and enforcement. They suggest stronger local controls of coastal fishing may help regulate the unsustainable global trade in shark fins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Van Houtan
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940, USA.,Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Stephen R Palumbi
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Leonetti FL, Sperone E, Travaglini A, Mojetta AR, Signore M, Psomadakis PN, Dinkel TM, Bottaro M. Filling the Gap and Improving Conservation: How IUCN Red Lists and Historical Scientific Data Can Shed More Light on Threatened Sharks in the Italian Seas. Diversity 2020; 12:389. [DOI: 10.3390/d12100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chondrichthyans are one of the most threatened marine taxa worldwide. This is also the case in the Mediterranean Sea, which is considered an extinction hotspot for rays and sharks. The central position of the Italian peninsula makes it an ideal location for studying the status and changes of this sea. There is a lack of biological, ecological and historical data when assessing shark populations, which is also highlighted in the Red List of Threatened Species compiled by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Historical data can provide important information to better understand how chondrichthyan populations have changed over time. This study aims to provide a clearer understanding of the changes in distribution and abundance of eight shark species in the Italian seas that are currently classified as at risk of extinction by the IUCN. In this respect, a bibliographic review was conducted on items from the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, focusing on the selected species. The results show that all sharks were considered common until the beginning of the 20th century but have declined since, with a clear negative trend, mainly in the past 70 years. The strong local decline has been attributed to overexploitation, bycatch, habitat loss, depletion of prey items and environmental pollution. Furthermore, historical data also allow us to avoid the issue of a ‘shifting baseline’, in which contemporary abundances are assumed to be “normal”. Using historical data to further our knowledge of the marine environment is becoming increasingly common, and is fundamental in understanding human impact and evaluating mitigation measures to manage and conserve marine species and environments.
Collapse
|
50
|
Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Shea SKH, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. Relative contribution to the shark fin trade of Indo‐Pacific and Eastern Pacific pelagic thresher sharks. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Fundación Colombia Azul Bogotá Colombia
| | - A. T. Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | | | - K. A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution The Field Museum Chicago IL USA
| | - D. D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami FL USA
| |
Collapse
|