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Bhattacharya S, Jenkins MC, Keshavarz-Joud P, Bourque AR, White K, Alvarez Barkane AM, Bryksin AV, Hernandez C, Kopylov M, Finn MG. Heterologous Prime-Boost with Immunologically Orthogonal Protein Nanoparticles for Peptide Immunofocusing. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.24.581861. [PMID: 38464232 PMCID: PMC10925081 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.24.581861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Protein nanoparticles are effective platforms for antigen presentation and targeting effector immune cells in vaccine development. Encapsulins are a class of protein-based microbial nanocompartments that self-assemble into icosahedral structures with external diameters ranging from 24 to 42 nm. Encapsulins from Mxyococcus xanthus were designed to package bacterial RNA when produced in E. coli and were shown to have immunogenic and self-adjuvanting properties enhanced by this RNA. We genetically incorporated a 20-mer peptide derived from a mutant strain of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) into the encapsulin protomeric coat protein for presentation on the exterior surface of the particle. This immunogen elicited conformationally-relevant humoral responses to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Immunological recognition was enhanced when the same peptide was presented in a heterologous prime/boost vaccination strategy using the engineered encapsulin and a previously reported variant of the PP7 virus-like particle, leading to the development of a selective antibody response against a SARS-CoV-2 RBD point mutant. While generating epitope-focused antibody responses is an interplay between inherent vaccine properties and B/T cells, here we demonstrate the use of orthogonal nanoparticles to fine-tune the control of epitope focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bhattacharya
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Matthew C Jenkins
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Parisa Keshavarz-Joud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alisyn Retos Bourque
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Keiyana White
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Amina M Alvarez Barkane
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anton V Bryksin
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | - Mykhailo Kopylov
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Jin J, Fan YJ, Nguyen TV, Yu ZN, Song CH, Lee SY, Shin HS, Chai OH. Chaenomeles sinensis Extract Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis by Inhibiting the IL-33/ST2 Axis and Regulating Epithelial Cell Dysfunction. Foods 2024; 13:611. [PMID: 38397588 PMCID: PMC10888344 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chaenomeles sinensis has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine due to its characteristics that protect against inflammation, hypertension, and mutagenesis. However, the effect of Chaenomeles sinensis extract (CSE) on allergic rhinitis (AR) and its underlying mechanisms have yet to be thoroughly investigated. The current study explored the likely effect of CSE on AR in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. To this end, OVA-specific immunoglobulins, nasal symptoms, cytokine production, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and nasal histopathology were assessed to determine the role of CSE against AR. The supplementation of CSE was found to suppress OVA-specific IgE, while OVA-specific IgG2a was increased in the serum. Further, CSE ameliorated the production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines whereas it increased Th1 cytokine levels in nasal lavage fluid. Moreover, the CSE treatment group exhibited significant inhibition of IL-33/ST2 signaling. Subsequently, CES reversed the OVA-induced enhancement of epithelial permeability and upregulated E-cadherin, thus indicating that CES plays a protective role on epithelial barrier integrity. Altogether, the oral administration of CSE effectively controlled allergic response by restricting the buildup of inflammatory cells, enhancing nasal and lung histopathological traits, and regulating cytokines associated with inflammation. Collectively, the results show that the supplementation of CSE at different doses effectively regulated AR, thus suggesting the therapeutic efficiency of CSE in suppressing airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
| | - Yan Jing Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
| | - Thi Van Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
| | - Zhen Nan Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Han XY, Li HB, Wei JH, Xu XY, Li Y, Che YQ. Serological characteristics and clinical implications of IgG subclasses in visceral leishmaniasis. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:152-160. [PMID: 38158790 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) represents the most severe form of Leishmaniasis infection, often resulting in fatality without timely treatment. Previous studies have found that immunosuppression increases the risk of VL disease progression and mortality, and the total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in peripheral blood vary before and after treatment. However, the distinct levels and roles of IgG subclasses in VL have not been documented yet. This study aims to elucidate the characteristics and clinical significance of IgG subclasses in VL. METHODS A total of 43 cases newly-diagnosed with VL were enrolled in the cohort. We measured the levels of IgG subclasses before and after standard treatment and conducted assessments of bone marrow features. In addition, we analysed other haematological indices and examined the variations in IgG subclasses, as well as their correlation with clinical and laboratory factors. RESULTS The levels of total IgG, IgG1, and the ratios of both IgG1/IgG and IgG1/IgG2 decreased significantly after treatment, whereas the ratios of IgG2/ IgG showed an obvious increase. The VL patients without hyperglobulinemia displayed significant lower IgG1/IgG2 ratios, but higher IgG2/IgG ratios compared with those with hyperglobulinemia. In addition, VL patients with positive bone marrow amastigotes had significant higher IgG1/IgG and IgG1/IgG2 ratios, but lower IgG2/IgG ratios. IgG subclasses were correlated with abnormal blood test results, particularly immunological elements including IgM and Complement 4 (C4). CONCLUSIONS IgG1 and IgG2 exhibited contrasting changes after treatment in VL patients. The features of bone marrow and laboratory tests indicated that IgG1 and IgG2 serve different roles in the progression of VL. The ratios of IgG subclasses may be more precise indicators to evaluate immune reaction in VL than traditional total IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Han
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Bing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hao Wei
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xu
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qun Che
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Devender M, Sebastian P, Maurya VK, Kumar K, Anand A, Namdeo M, Maurya R. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of tuzin protein as a vaccine candidate in Leishmania donovani-infected BALB/c mice. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1294397. [PMID: 38274802 PMCID: PMC10808571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is referred to as the most severe and fatal type of leishmaniasis basically caused by Leishmania donovani and L. infantum. The most effective method for preventing the spread of the disease is vaccination. Till today, there is no promising licensed vaccination for human VL. Hence, investigation for vaccines is necessary to enrich the therapeutic repertoire against leishmaniasis. Tuzin is a rare trans-membrane protein that has been reported in Trypanosoma cruzi with unknown function. However, tuzin is not characterized in Leishmania parasites. In this study, we for the first time demonstrated that tuzin protein was expressed in both stages (promastigote and amastigote) of L. donovani parasites. In-silico studies revealed that tuzin has potent antigenic properties. Therefore, we analyzed the immunogenicity of tuzin protein and immune response in BALB/c mice challenged with the L. donovani parasite. We observed that tuzin-vaccinated mice have significantly reduced parasite burden in the spleen and liver compared with the control. The number of granulomas in the liver was also significantly decreased compared with the control groups. We further measured the IgG2a antibody level, a marker of Th1 immune response in VL, which was significantly higher in the serum of immunized mice when compared with the control. Splenocytes stimulated with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) displayed a significant increase in NO and ROS levels compared with the control groups. Tuzin-immunized and parasite-challenged mice exhibit a notable rise in the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio by significantly suppressing IL-10 expression level, an immunosuppressive cytokine that inhibits leishmanicidal immune function and encourages disease progression. In conclusion, tuzin immunizations substantially increase the protective immune response in L. donovani-challenged mice groups compared with control.
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Rios LE, Lokugamage N, Choudhuri S, Chowdhury IH, Garg NJ. Subunit nanovaccine elicited T cell functional activation controls Trypanosoma cruzi mediated maternal and placental tissue damage and improves pregnancy outcomes in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:188. [PMID: 38104118 PMCID: PMC10725459 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated a candidate vaccine effect against maternal Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infection and improved pregnancy outcomes. For this, TcG2 and TcG4 were cloned in a nanoplasmid optimized for delivery, antigen expression, and regulatory compliance (nano2/4 vaccine). Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with nano2/4, infected (Tc SylvioX10), and mated 7-days post-infection to enable fetal development during the maternal acute parasitemia phase. Females were euthanized at E12-E17 (gestation) days. Splenic and placental T-cell responses were monitored by flow cytometry. Maternal and placental/fetal tissues were examined for parasites by qPCR and inflammatory infiltrate by histology. Controls included age/immunization-matched non-pregnant females. Nano2/4 exhibited no toxicity and elicited protective IgG2a/IgG1 response in mice. Nano2/4 signaled a splenic expansion of functionally active CD4+ effector/effector memory (Tem) and central memory (Tcm) cells in pregnant mice. Upon challenge infection, nano2/4 increased the splenic CD4+ and CD8+T cells in all mice and increased the proliferation of CD4+Tem, CD4+Tcm, and CD8+Tcm subsets producing IFNγ and cytolytic molecules (PRF1, GZB) in pregnant mice. A balanced serum cytokines/chemokines response and placental immune characteristics indicated that pregnancy prevented the overwhelming damaging immune response in mice. Importantly, pregnancy itself resulted in a significant reduction of parasites in maternal and fetal tissues. Nano2/4 was effective in arresting the Tc-induced tissue inflammatory infiltrate, necrosis, and fibrosis in maternal and placental tissues and improving maternal fertility, placental efficiency, and fetal survival. In conclusion, we show that maternal nano2/4 vaccination is beneficial in controlling the adverse effects of Tc infection on maternal health, fetal survival, and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette Elaine Rios
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nandadeva Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Imran Hussain Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity (IHII), UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences (SIVS), UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
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6
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Barbey C, Su J, Billmeier M, Stefan N, Bester R, Carnell G, Temperton N, Heeney J, Protzer U, Breunig M, Wagner R, Peterhoff D. Immunogenicity of a silica nanoparticle-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:41-55. [PMID: 37774890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccines have been regarded early on as critical in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the deployed vaccine platforms, subunit vaccines have a particularly good safety profile but may suffer from a lower immunogenicity compared to mRNA based or viral vector vaccines. In fact, this phenomenon has also been observed for SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines comprising the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Therefore, RBD-based vaccines have to rely on additional measures to enhance the immune response. It is well accepted that displaying antigens on nanoparticles can improve the quantity and quality of vaccine-mediated both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Based on this, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 RBD as immunogen would benefit from being presented to the immune system via silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). Herein we describe the preparation, in vitro characterization, antigenicity and in vivo immunogenicity of SiNPs decorated with properly oriented RBD in mice. We found our RBD-SiNP conjugates show narrow, homogeneous particle distribution with optimal size of about 100 nm for efficient transport to and into the lymph node. The colloidal stability and binding of the antigen was stable for at least 4 months at storage- and in vivo-temperatures. The antigenicity of the RBD was maintained upon binding to the SiNP surface, and the receptor-binding motif was readily accessible due to the spatial orientation of the RBD. The particles were efficiently taken up in vitro by antigen-presenting cells. In a mouse immunization study using an mRNA vaccine and spike protein as benchmarks, we found that the SiNP formulation was able to elicit a stronger RBD-specific humoral response compared to the soluble protein. For the adjuvanted RBD-SiNP we found strong S-specific multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses, a balanced T helper response, improved auto- and heterologous virus neutralization capacity, and increased serum avidity, suggesting increased affinity maturation. In summary, our results provide further evidence for the possibility of optimizing the cellular and humoral immune response through antigen presentation on SiNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Barbey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jinpeng Su
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Billmeier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Stefan
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Romina Bester
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - George Carnell
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Chatham ME4 4BF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Heeney
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Germany
| | - Miriam Breunig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Varotto-Boccazzi I, Epis S, Cattaneo GM, Guerrini N, Manenti A, Rubolini D, Gabrieli P, Otranto D, Zuccotti G, Montomoli E, Bandi C. Rectal Administration of Leishmania Cells Elicits a Specific, Th1-Associated IgG2a Response in Mice: New Perspectives for Mucosal Vaccination against Leishmaniasis, after the Repurposing of a Study on an Anti-Viral Vaccine Candidate. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:406. [PMID: 37624344 PMCID: PMC10458511 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system plays a pivotal role in the control of infections, as it represents the first line of defense against most pathogens, from respiratory viruses to intestinal parasites. Mucosal vaccination is thus regarded as a promising strategy to protect animals, including humans, from infections that are acquired by ingestion, inhalation or through the urogenital system. In addition, antigens delivered at the mucosal level can also elicit systemic immune responses. Therefore, mucosal vaccination is potentially effective also against systemic infections acquired through non-mucosal routes, for example, through the bite of hematophagous insects, as in the case of leishmaniasis, a widespread disease that affects humans and dogs. Here, we explored the potential of antigen rectal administration for the generation of anti-Leishmania immunity. Mice were immunized through rectal administration of whole cells of the model parasite Leishmania tarentolae (using a clone engineered to express the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus generated in a previous study). A specific anti-Leishmania IgG antibody response was detected. In addition, the recorded IgG2a/IgG1 ratio was higher than that of animals injected subcutaneously; therefore, suggesting a shift to a Th1-biased immune response. Considering the importance of a Th1 polarization as a protective response against Leishmania infections, we suggest that further investigation should be focused on the development of novel types of vaccines against these parasites based on rectal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Varotto-Boccazzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.-B.); (G.M.C.); (P.G.)
- Pediatric CRC ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.-B.); (G.M.C.); (P.G.)
- Pediatric CRC ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giulia Maria Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.-B.); (G.M.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Noemi Guerrini
- VisMederi, 53100 Siena, Italy; (N.G.); (A.M.); (E.M.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Diego Rubolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council of Italy, IRSA-CNR, 20861 Brugherio, Italy
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.-B.); (G.M.C.); (P.G.)
- Pediatric CRC ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65175/4161, Iran
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric CRC ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi, 53100 Siena, Italy; (N.G.); (A.M.); (E.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.-B.); (G.M.C.); (P.G.)
- Pediatric CRC ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
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Jin J, Fan YJ, Nguyen TV, Yu ZN, Song CH, Lee SY, Shin HS, Chai OH. Fallopia japonica Root Extract Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation in a CARAS Mouse Model by Modulating the IL-33/TSLP/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12514. [PMID: 37569890 PMCID: PMC10420321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fallopia japonica (Asian knotweed) is a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat inflammation, among other conditions. However, the effects of F. japonica root extract (FJE) on airway inflammation associated with combined allergic rhinitis and asthma (CARAS) and the related mechanisms have not been investigated. This study examined the effect of FJE against CARAS in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced CARAS mouse model. Six-week-old male BALB/c mice were randomly segregated into six groups. Mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with OVA on days 1, 8, and 15, and administered saline, Dexamethasone (1.5 mg/kg), or FJE (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) once a day for 16 days. Nasal symptoms, inflammatory cells, OVA-specific immunoglobulins, cytokine production, mast cell activation, and nasal histopathology were assessed. Administration of FJE down-regulated OVA-specific IgE and up-regulated OVA-specific IgG2a in serum. FJE reduced the production of T helper (Th) type 2 cytokines, and the Th1 cytokine levels were enhanced in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, FJE positively regulated allergic responses by reducing the accumulation of inflammatory cells, improving nasal and lung histopathological characteristics, and inhibiting inflammation-associated cytokines. FJE positively modulated the IL-33/TSLP/NF-B signaling pathway, which is involved in regulating inflammatory cells, immunoglobulin levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
| | - Yan Jing Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
| | - Thi Van Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
| | - Zhen Nan Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea (H.S.S.)
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea (H.S.S.)
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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9
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Tagad HD, Marin A, Wang R, Yunus AS, Fuerst TR, Andrianov AK. Fluorine-Functionalized Polyphosphazene Immunoadjuvant: Synthesis, Solution Behavior and In Vivo Potency. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104218. [PMID: 37241958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of fluorine motifs in drugs and drug delivery systems is an established tool for modulating their biological potency. Fluorination can improve drug specificity or boost the vehicle's ability to cross cellular membranes. However, the approach has yet to be applied to vaccine adjuvants. Herein, the synthesis of fluorinated bioisostere of a clinical stage immunoadjuvant-poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene], PCPP-is reported. The structure of water-soluble fluoropolymer-PCPP-F, which contains two fluorine atoms per repeat unit-was confirmed using 1H, 31P and 19F NMR, and its molecular mass and molecular dimensions were determined using size-exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering. Insertion of fluorine atoms in the polymer side group resulted in an improved solubility in acidic solutions and faster hydrolytic degradation rate, while the ability to self-assemble with an antigenic protein, lysozyme-an important feature of polyphosphazene vaccine adjuvants-was preserved. In vivo assessment of PCPP-F demonstrated its greater ability to induce antibody responses to Hepatitis C virus antigen when compared to its non-fluorinated counterpart. Taken together, the superior immunoadjuvant activity of PCPP-F, along with its improved formulation characteristics, demonstrate advantages of the fluorination approach for the development of this family of macromolecular vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harichandra D Tagad
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Abdul S Yunus
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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10
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Soprano LL, Ferrero MR, Jacobs T, Couto AS, Duschak VG. Hallmarks of the relationship between host and Trypanosoma cruzi sulfated glycoconjugates along the course of Chagas disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1028496. [PMID: 37256110 PMCID: PMC10225527 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1028496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease (ChD), a major problem that is still endemic in large areas of Latin America, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This agent holds a major antigen, cruzipain (Cz). Its C-terminal domain (C-T) is retained in the glycoprotein mature form and bears several post-translational modifications. Glycoproteins containing sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides have been mostly implicated in numerous specific procedures of molecular recognition. The presence of sulfated oligosaccharides was demonstrated in Cz, also in a minor abundant antigen with serine-carboxypeptidase (SCP) activity, as well as in parasite sulfatides. Sulfate-bearing glycoproteins in Trypanosomatids are targets of specific immune responses. T. cruzi chronically infected subjects mount specific humoral immune responses to sulfated Cz. Unexpectedly, in the absence of infection, mice immunized with C-T, but not with sulfate-depleted C-T, showed ultrastructural heart anomalous pathological effects. Moreover, the synthetic anionic sugar conjugate GlcNAc6SO3-BSA showed to mimic the N-glycan-linked sulfated epitope (sulfotope) humoral responses that natural Cz elicits. Furthermore, it has been reported that sulfotopes participate via the binding of sialic acid Ig-like-specific lectins (Siglecs) to sulfosialylated glycoproteins in the immunomodulation by host-parasite interaction as well as in the parasite infection process. Strikingly, recent evidence involved Cz-sulfotope-specific antibodies in the immunopathogenesis and infection processes during the experimental ChD. Remarkably, sera from chronically T. cruzi-infected individuals with mild disease displayed higher levels of IgG2 antibodies specific for sulfated glycoproteins and sulfatides than those with more severe forms of the disease, evidencing that T. cruzi sulfotopes are antigenic independently of the sulfated glycoconjugate type. Ongoing assays indicate that antibodies specific for sulfotopes might be considered biomarkers of human cardiac ChD progression, playing a role as predictors of stability from the early mild stages of chronic ChD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L. Soprano
- Area of Protein Biochemistry and Parasite Glycobiology, Research Department National Institute of Parasitology (INP)”Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, National Administration of Health Institutes (ANLIS)-Malbrán, National Health Department, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano R. Ferrero
- Max-Planck Heart and Lung Laboratory, Research Institute in Biomedicine in Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Argentine-Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Immunology Department, Bernhard Notch Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia S. Couto
- Faculty in Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEN), Chemical Organic Department-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Center of CarboHydrates (CHIHIDECAR), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vilma G. Duschak
- Area of Protein Biochemistry and Parasite Glycobiology, Research Department National Institute of Parasitology (INP)”Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, National Administration of Health Institutes (ANLIS)-Malbrán, National Health Department, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Troncoso ME, Germanó MJ, Arrieta VJ, García Bustos MF, Cifuente D, Cargnelutti DE, Lozano ES. Antiparasitic Activity of Two Natural Terpenes from Salvia cuspidata against Leishmania amazonensis. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:797-803. [PMID: 36857574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by flagellated parasites of the Leishmania genus affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. Current treatments for leishmaniasis involve the administration of poorly tolerated drugs with toxic side effects in patients. There is an imperative necessity for novel compounds to treat this disease. One of the most used strategies in the search for different antiparasitic compounds is the screening of purified plant molecules. The diterpenes 12-hydroxy-11,14-diketo-6,8,12-abietatrien-19,20-olide (HABTO) and 5-epi-icetexone (ICTX) isolated from Salvia cuspidata were shown to be effective against Leishmania amazonensis in vitro and in vivo. They displayed an antiproliferative effect against L. amazonensis promastigotes. They also induce an increase in ROS levels and affect the mitochondrial activity of parasites. HABTO and ICTX in an in vivo model of cutaneous leishmaniasis decrease footpad swelling, parasite load, and splenic index. Moreover, they induce significant reduction in the O.D. of total anti-Leishmania IgG and IgG1 subtype antibody responses against L. amazonensis compared to the PBS group but maintain high levels of IgG2a. This suggests that in HABTO- or ICTX-treated mice, there is a slowdown in the progression of the disease. These terpenes could be considered as possible novel antileishmanial agents against L. amazonensis and thus treat cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Elizabeth Troncoso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, M5502, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, M5502BZG, Argentina
| | - María José Germanó
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
| | - Victoria J Arrieta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda García Bustos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Salta, A4408FVY, Argentina
| | - Diego Cifuente
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química, San Luis, 78216, Argentina
| | - Diego E Cargnelutti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, M5502, Argentina
| | - Esteban S Lozano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, M5502, Argentina
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12
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Kushwaha V, Capalash N. Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of recombinant histidyl-tRNA synthetase (rLdHisRS) protein of Leishmania donovani as a vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2023; 241:106867. [PMID: 36878386 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is neglected tropical protozoan disease caused by Leishmania donovani and are associated with high fatality rate in developing countries since prophylactic vaccines are not available. In the present study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory potential of L. donovani histidyl-tRNA synthetase (LdHisRS) and predicted the epitopes using immunoinformatic tools. Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is a class IIa aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase enzyme (aaRS) required for histidine incorporation into proteins during protein synthesis. The recombinant LdHisRS protein (rLdHisRS) was expressed in E coli BL-21cells, and its immunomodulatory role was assessed in J774A.1 murine macrophage and in BALB/c mice, respectively. LdHisRS specifically stimulated and triggered enhance cell proliferation, nitric oxide release and IFN-γ (70%; P < 0.001), and IL-12 (55.37%; P < 0.05) cytokine release in vitro, whereas BALB/c mice immunized with rLdHisRS show higher NO release (80.95%; P<0.001), higher levels of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ (14%; P < 0.05), TNF-α (34.93%; P < 0.001), and IL-12 (28.49%; P < 0.001) and robust IgG (p<0.001) and IgG2a (p<0.001) production. We also identified 20 Helper T-lymphocytes (HTLs), 30 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and 18 B-cell epitopes from HisRS protein of L. donovani. All these epitopes can be further used to make a multiepitope vaccine against L. donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, South Campus, Chandigarh 160025, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, South Campus, Chandigarh 160025, India.
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13
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Badten A, Ramirez A, Hernandez-Davies JE, Albin TJ, Jain A, Nakajima R, Felgner J, Davies DH, Wang SW. Protein Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Recombinant Influenza Hemagglutinin Enhances Immunogenicity and Breadth of the Antibody Response. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:239-252. [PMID: 36607269 PMCID: PMC9926493 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of seasonal influenza vaccines administered each year are derived from virus propagated in eggs using technology that has changed little since the 1930s. The immunogenicity, durability, and breadth of response would likely benefit from a recombinant nanoparticle-based approach. Although the E2 protein nanoparticle (NP) platform has been previously shown to promote effective cell-mediated responses to peptide epitopes, it has not yet been reported to deliver whole protein antigens. In this study, we synthesized a novel maleimido tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) linker to couple protein hemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 influenza virus to the E2 NP, and we evaluated the HA-specific antibody responses using protein microarrays. We found that recombinant H1 protein alone is immunogenic in mice but requires two boosts for IgG to be detected and is strongly IgG1 (Th2) polarized. When conjugated to E2 NPs, IgG2c is produced leading to a more balanced Th1/Th2 response. Inclusion of the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) significantly enhances the immunogenicity of H1-E2 NPs while retaining the Th1/Th2 balance. Interestingly, broader homo- and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity is also observed for conjugated H1-E2 with MPLA, compared to unconjugated H1 with or without MPLA. These results highlight the potential of an NP-based delivery of HA for tuning the immunogenicity, breadth, and Th1/Th2 balance generated by recombinant HA-based vaccination. Furthermore, the modularity of this protein-protein conjugation strategy may have utility for future vaccine development against other human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Badten
- †Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ⊥Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Aaron Ramirez
- †Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ⊥Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jenny E. Hernandez-Davies
- †Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ⊥Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Tyler J. Albin
- †Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ⊥Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- †Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ⊥Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rie Nakajima
- †Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ⊥Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jiin Felgner
- †Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ⊥Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - D. Huw Davies
- †Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ⊥Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States,
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- †Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ⊥Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States,
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14
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Lamichhane P, Schmidt ME, Terhüja M, Varga SM, Snider TA, Rostad CA, Oomens AGP. A live single-cycle RSV vaccine expressing prefusion F protein. Virology 2022; 577:51-64. [PMID: 36306605 PMCID: PMC10104964 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Live-attenuated Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines given intranasally have potential to provide comprehensive protection, including lung-resident immunity. It has however proven challenging to impart both sufficient safety and efficacy in a vaccine. To achieve the latter, we used a trans-complementing approach to generate live single-cycle RSV vaccines expressing the prefusion form (preF) of the viral fusion protein (F), either membrane-anchored or secreted. Both viruses were tested for their ability to induce a protective immune response in mice after intranasal prime-boost vaccination. The secreted preF vaccine failed to induce a protective response. The anchored preF vaccine induced anti-preF antibodies and antiviral T cells, and protected mice from lung pathology and viral shedding after challenge. Neither vaccine induced anti-G antibodies, for reasons unknown. In spite of the latter and single-cycle replication, the membrane-anchored preF vaccine was protective and demonstrates potential for development of an efficacious live vaccine with a stable safety phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramila Lamichhane
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Megan E Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Megolhubino Terhüja
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Steven M Varga
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Timothy A Snider
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Christina A Rostad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Antonius G P Oomens
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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15
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Adam A, Shi Q, Wang B, Zou J, Mai J, Osman SR, Wu W, Xie X, Aguilar PV, Bao X, Shi PY, Shen H, Wang T. A modified porous silicon microparticle potentiates protective systemic and mucosal immunity for SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine. Transl Res 2022; 249:13-27. [PMID: 35688318 PMCID: PMC9173827 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of optimal SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to induce potent, long-lasting immunity and provide cross-reactive protection against emerging variants remains a high priority. Here, we report that a modified porous silicon microparticle (mPSM) adjuvant to SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) vaccine activated dendritic cells and generated more potent and durable systemic humoral and type 1 helper T (Th) cell- mediated immune responses than alum-formulated RBD following parenteral vaccination, and protected mice from SARS-CoV-2 and Beta variant challenge. Notably, mPSM facilitated the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigens by nasal and airway epithelial cells. Parenteral and intranasal prime and boost vaccinations with mPSM-RBD elicited stronger lung resident T and B cells and IgA responses compared to parenteral vaccination alone, which led to markedly diminished viral loads and inflammation in the lung following SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant challenge. Overall, our results suggest that mPSM is effective adjuvant for SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine in both systemic and mucosal vaccinations.
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Key Words
- mpsm, modified porous silicon microparticle
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- rbd, receptor-binding domain
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- β-cov, betacoronavirus
- e, envelope
- m, membrane
- n, nucleocapsid
- hace2, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- nabs, neutralizing antibodies
- dc, dendritic cell
- th1, t helper 1
- cpg, cytosine guanosine dinucleotide
- cgamp, cyclic gamp
- bm, bone marrow
- i.p., intraperitoneally
- i.d., intradermally
- i.m., or intramuscularly
- tmb, tetramethylbenzidine
- pbs-t, phosphate-buffered saline containing tween-20
- bal, bronchoalveolar lavage
- hrp, horseradish peroxidase
- elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- elispot, enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot
- sfc, spot-forming cells
- ics, intracellular cytokine staining
- moi, multiplicity of infection
- apc, antigen presenting cells
- mbc, memory b cell
- asc, antibody secreting cells
- prnt, plaque reduction neutralization test
- saec, small airway epithelial cells
- nalt, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue
- ade, antibody-dependent enhancement
- q-pcr, quantitative pcr
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Samantha R Osman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Wenzhe Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Patricia V Aguilar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas; Innovative Therapeutic Program, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; ImmunoQ Therapeutics, Houston, Texas.
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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16
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Brakat R, Mahmoud A, Abd El Gayed E, Soliman S, Sharaf-el-deen S. Evaluation of calpain T-cell epitopes as vaccine candidates against experimental Leishmania major infection: a pilot study. Parasitol Res. [PMID: 36102970 PMCID: PMC9471026 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Karampetsou K, Koutsoni OS, Badounas F, Angelis A, Gogou G, Skaltsounis LA, Halabalaki M, Dotsika E. Exploring the Immunotherapeutic Potential of Oleocanthal against Murine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Planta Med 2022; 88:783-793. [PMID: 35803258 PMCID: PMC9343937 DOI: 10.1055/a-1843-9788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a major tropical disease with increasing global incidence. Due to limited therapeutic options with severe drawbacks, the discovery of alternative treatments based on natural bioactive compounds is important. In our previous studies we have pointed out the antileishmanial activities of olive tree-derived molecules. In this study, we aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial as well as the in vivo immunomodulatory effects of oleocanthal, a molecule that has recently gained increasing scientific attention. Pure oleocanthal was isolated from extra virgin olive oil through extraction and chromatography techniques. The in vitro antileishmanial effects of oleocanthal were examined with a resazurin-based assay, while its in vivo efficacy was evaluated in Leishmania major-infected BALB/c mice by determining footpad induration, parasite load in popliteal lymph nodes, histopathological outcome, antibody production, cytokine profile of stimulated splenocytes and immune gene expression, at three weeks after the termination of treatment. Oleocanthal demonstrated in vitro antileishmanial effect against both L. major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. This effect was further documented in vivo as demonstrated by the suppressed footpad thickness, the decreased parasite load and the inflammatory cell influx at the infection site. Oleocanthal treatment led to the dominance of a Th1-type immunity linked with resistance against the disease. This study establishes strong scientific evidence for olive tree-derived natural products as possible antileishmanial agents and provides an adding value to the scientific research of oleocanthal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Karampetsou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga S. Koutsoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotis Badounas
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Gogou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leandros-Alexios Skaltsounis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Associate Professor Maria Halabalaki Department of PharmacyDivision of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product
ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens15771 Athens,
PanepistimiopolisGreece+ 30 21 07 27 47 81+ 30 21 07 27 45 94
| | - Eleni Dotsika
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Correspondence Dr. Eleni Dotsika Department of MicrobiologyLaboratory of Cellular ImmunologyHellenic
Pasteur Institute127 Vass. Sofias Av.11521
AthensGreece+ 30 21 06 47 88 28+ 30 21 06 47 88 28
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18
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Panagides N, Zacchi LF, Souza MJD, Morales RAV, Karnowski A, Liddament MT, Owczarek CM, Mahler SM, Panousis C, Jones ML, Fercher C. Evaluation of Phage Display Biopanning Strategies for the Selection of Anti-Cell Surface Receptor Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8470. [PMID: 35955604 PMCID: PMC9369378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the most successful and versatile protein-based pharmaceutical products used to treat multiple pathological conditions. The remarkable specificity of mAbs and their affinity for biological targets has led to the implementation of mAbs in the therapeutic regime of oncogenic, chronic inflammatory, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases. Thus, the discovery of novel mAbs with defined functional activities is of crucial importance to expand our ability to address current and future clinical challenges. In vitro, antigen-driven affinity selection employing phage display biopanning is a commonly used technique to isolate mAbs. The success of biopanning is dependent on the quality and the presentation format of the antigen, which is critical when isolating mAbs against membrane protein targets. Here, we provide a comprehensive investigation of two established panning strategies, surface-tethering of a recombinant extracellular domain and cell-based biopanning, to examine the impact of antigen presentation on selection outcomes with regards to the isolation of positive mAbs with functional potential against a proof-of-concept type I cell surface receptor. Based on the higher sequence diversity of the resulting antibody repertoire, presentation of a type I membrane protein in soluble form was more advantageous over presentation in cell-based format. Our results will contribute to inform and guide future antibody discovery campaigns against cell surface proteins.
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Rittipornlertrak A, Nambooppha B, Muenthaisong A, Apinda N, Koonyosying P, Srisawat W, Chomjit P, Sangkakam K, Punyapornwithaya V, Tiwananthagorn S, Yokoyama N, Sthitmatee N. Immunization of Cattle With Recombinant Structural Ectodomains I and II of Babesia bovis Apical Membrane Antigen 1 [BbAMA-1(I/II)] Induces Strong Th1 Immune Response. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:917389. [PMID: 35812841 PMCID: PMC9260583 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.917389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Both strong innate and adaptive immune responses are an important component of protection against intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites. Resistance to bovine babesiosis is associated with interferon (IFN)-γ mediated responses. CD4+ T cells and macrophages have been identified as major effector cells mediating the clearance of pathogens. Previously, the apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) was found to significantly induce the immune response inhibiting B. bovis merozoite growth and invasion. However, a detailed characterization of both humoral and cellular immune responses against the structure of B. bovis AMA-1 (BbAMA-1) has not yet been established. Herein, the present study aimed to express the recombinant BbAMA-1 domain I+II protein [rBbAMA-1(I/II)], which is the most predominant immune response region, and to characterize its immune response. As a result, cattle vaccinated with BbAMA-1(I/II) significantly developed high titters of total immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies and a high ratio of IgG2/IgG1 when compared to control groups. Interestingly, the BbAMA-1(I/II)-based formulations produced in our study could elicit CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Collectively, the results indicate that immunization of cattle with BbAMA-1(I/II) could induce strong Th1 cell responses. In support of this, we observed the up-regulation of Th1 cytokine mRNA transcripts, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, Interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-12, in contrast to down regulation of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10, which would be indicative of a Th2 cytokine response. Moreover, the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was observed. In conclusion, this is the first report on the in-depth immunological characterization of the response to BbAMA-1. According to our results, BbAMA-1 is recognized as a potential candidate vaccine against B. bovis infection. As evidenced by the Th1 cell response, it could potentially provide protective immunity. However, further challenge-exposure with virulent B. bovis strain in immunized cattle would be needed to determine its protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarin Rittipornlertrak
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Ruminant Clinic, Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Boondarika Nambooppha
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anucha Muenthaisong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nisachon Apinda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pongpisid Koonyosying
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Srisawat
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Paweena Chomjit
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sangkakam
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Ruminant Clinic, Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saruda Tiwananthagorn
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Nattawooti Sthitmatee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellent Center in Veterinary Bioscience, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Nattawooti Sthitmatee ;
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Kang TK, Le TT, Choi S, Song H, Lee W, Jung SH. Roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Alleviated Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis and IgE-triggered Degranulation of RBL-2H3 Cells. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:6116. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithospermum erythrorhizon (L. erythrorhizon) root is used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. However, no studies have examined its impact on allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we explored the protective effects of L. erythrorhizon in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. In the latter, we examined nasal mucosal inflammation, allergen-specific cytokine production, and histological changes to the nasal mucosa. In the mouse model, oral administration of an ethanol extract of L. erythrorhizon (LE) led to a marked reduction in rubbing and sneeze frequency, a significant decrease in serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels, and a significant increase in the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. LE also reduced expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in nasal lavage fluid (NALF), and suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial degradation in nasal tissues. In IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, LE suppressed release of degranulation markers such as β-hexosaminidase and histamine. Based on these findings, we suggest that LE may ameliorate OVA-induced AR by regulating mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Farouq MAH, Acevedo R, Ferro VA, Mulheran PA, Al Qaraghuli MM. The Role of Antibodies in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection, and Evaluating Their Contribution to Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116078. [PMID: 35682757 PMCID: PMC9181534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in the immune response, in fighting off pathogens as well as helping create strong immunological memory. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) occurs when non-neutralising antibodies recognise and bind to a pathogen, but are unable to prevent infection, and is widely known and is reported as occurring in infection caused by several viruses. This narrative review explores the ADE phenomenon, its occurrence in viral infections and evaluates its role in infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of yet, there is no clear evidence of ADE in SARS-CoV-2, though this area is still subject to further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. H. Farouq
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK; (P.A.M.); (M.M.A.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1415524400
| | - Reinaldo Acevedo
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Valerie A. Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Paul A. Mulheran
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK; (P.A.M.); (M.M.A.Q.)
| | - Mohammed M. Al Qaraghuli
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK; (P.A.M.); (M.M.A.Q.)
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
- EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
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Xie D, Niu Y, Mu R, Campos de Souza S, Yin X, Dong L, Wang C. A Toll-like Receptor-Activating, Self-Adjuvant Glycan Nanocarrier. Front Chem 2022; 10:864206. [PMID: 35592309 PMCID: PMC9110926 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.864206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 highlights the importance of vaccination, which remains the most efficient measure against many diseases. Despite the progress in vaccine design, concerns with suboptimal antigen immunogenicity and delivery efficiency prevail. Self-adjuvant carriers–vehicles that can simultaneously deliver antigens and act as adjuvants–may improve efficacies in these aspects. Here, we developed a self-adjuvant carrier based on an acetyl glucomannan (acGM), which can activate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and encapsulate the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) via a double-emulsion process. In vitro tests showed that these OVA@acGM-8k nanoparticles (NPs) enhanced cellular uptake and activated TLR2 on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs), with increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules (e.g. CD80 and CD86) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α and IL12p70). In vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that OVA@acGM-8k NPs accumulated in the lymph nodes and promoted DCs’ maturation. The immunization also boosted the humoral and cellular immune responses. Our findings suggest that this self-adjuvant polysaccharide carrier could be a promising approach for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ruoyu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Senio Campos de Souza
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunming Wang, ; Lei Dong,
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chunming Wang, ; Lei Dong,
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23
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Ogrina A, Skrastina D, Balke I, Kalnciema I, Jansons J, Bachmann MF, Zeltins A. Comparison of Bacterial Expression Systems Based on Potato Virus Y-like Particles for Vaccine Generation. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040485. [PMID: 35455234 PMCID: PMC9030781 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines have been studied for years, demonstrating their potential as antigen-presenting platforms. In this paper, we describe the development of, and compare between, simple Escherichia coli-based antigen display platforms for the generation of potato virus Y (PVY) VLP-derived vaccines, thus allowing the production of vaccines from a single bacterial cell culture. We constructed four systems with the major cat allergen Fel d 1; namely, direct fusion with plant virus PVY coat protein (CP), mosaic PVY VLPs, and two coexpression variants of conjugates (SpyTag/SpyCatcher) allowing coexpression and conjugation directly in E. coli cells. For control experiments, we included PVY VLPs chemically coupled with Fel d 1. All constructed PVY-Fel d 1 variants were well expressed and soluble, formed PVY-like filamentous particles, and were recognized by monoclonal Fel d 1 antibodies. Our results indicate that all vaccine variants induced high titers of anti-Fel d 1 antibodies in murine models. Mice that were immunized with the chemically coupled Fel d 1 antigen exhibited the highest antibody titers and antibody-antigen interaction specificity, as detected by binding avidity and recognition of native Fel d 1. IgG1 subclass antibodies were found to be the dominant IgG class against PVY-Fel d 1. PVY CP-derived VLPs represent an efficient platform for the comparison of various antigen presentation systems to help evaluate different vaccine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anete Ogrina
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Dace Skrastina
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Ina Balke
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Ieva Kalnciema
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Juris Jansons
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (D.S.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Volpedo G, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Holcomb EA, Zhang WW, Lypaczewski P, Cox B, Fultz R, Mishan C, Verma C, Huston RH, Wharton AR, Dey R, Karmakar S, Oghumu S, Hamano S, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL, Matlashewski G, Satoskar AR. Centrin-deficient Leishmania mexicana confers protection against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:32. [PMID: 35236861 PMCID: PMC8891280 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected protozoan disease affecting over 12 million people globally with no approved vaccines for human use. New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. mexicana is characterized by the development of chronic non-healing skin lesions. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we have generated live attenuated centrin knockout L. mexicana (LmexCen-/-) parasites. Centrin is a cytoskeletal protein important for cellular division in eukaryotes and, in Leishmania, is required only for intracellular amastigote replication. We have investigated the safety and immunogenicity characteristics of LmexCen-/- parasites by evaluating their survival and the cytokine production in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. Our data shows that LmexCen-/- amastigotes present a growth defect, which results in significantly lower parasitic burdens and increased protective cytokine production in infected BMDMs and BMDCs, compared to the wild type (WT) parasites. We have also determined the safety and efficacy of LmexCen-/- in vivo using experimental murine models of L. mexicana. We demonstrate that LmexCen-/- parasites are safe and do not cause lesions in susceptible mouse models. Immunization with LmexCen-/- is also efficacious against challenge with WT L. mexicana parasites in genetically different BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse models. Vaccinated mice did not develop cutaneous lesions, displayed protective immunity, and showed significantly lower parasitic burdens at the infection site and draining lymph nodes compared to the control group. Overall, we demonstrate that LmexCen-/- parasites are safe and efficacious against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis in pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Erin A Holcomb
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wen-Wei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Lypaczewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Blake Cox
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rebecca Fultz
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chelsea Mishan
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ryan H Huston
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abigail R Wharton
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ranadhir Dey
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Subir Karmakar
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Montakhab-Yeganeh H, Shafiei R, Najm M, Masoori L, Aspatwar A, Badirzadeh A. Immunogenic properties of empty pcDNA3 plasmid against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263993. [PMID: 35167596 PMCID: PMC8846536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania (L) parasite, the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), effectively stimulates the mammalian cells to mount strong humoral responses by enhancing T-helper-2 (Th2)-associated cytokines for its survival. The best strategy to decrease the intensity of infection in the host is induction of cellular immunity. Methods We evaluated the effects of the empty bacterial pcDNA3 plasmid on mice infected with L. major and quantified the immune mediators including IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IgG2a, IgG1, arginase activity and nitric oxide (NO) in the mice. Moreover, the footpad lesion size and parasite load were assessed. Results We observed that pcDNA3 could modulate the immune responses in favor of host cells and decrease the disease severity. Th2- associated mediators, including arginase, IL-4, and IL-10 are downregulated, while cellular responses are upregulated in line with an increase in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and interfero-gamma (IFN-γ). Interestingly, pcDNA3 induced specific Th1-associated antibodies, IgG2a isotype; however, it suppressed the production of humoral IgG1. The stimulation of the immune response by the empty pcDNA3 is able to shift the immune function to predominant cellular responses caused by Th1, and it had a positive effect on the treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL). Conclusions Altogether, we introduced the pcDNA3 as a potential interfering factor in the modulation of the immune system against ZCL. Since this vector has been widely used as a control group in different studies, we suggest that the potential function of the empty vector should be deeply assessed, as it exerts anti-parasitic effects on mice infected with L. major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Montakhab-Yeganeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Reza Shafiei
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Najm
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Masoori
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alireza Badirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: ,
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Soprano LL, Ferrero MR, Landoni M, García GA, Esteva MI, Couto AS, Duschak VG. Cruzipain Sulfotopes-Specific Antibodies Generate Cardiac Tissue Abnormalities and Favor Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in the BALB/c Mice Model of Experimental Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:814276. [PMID: 35059328 PMCID: PMC8763857 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.814276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi cruzipain (Cz) bears a C-terminal domain (C-T) that contains sulfated epitopes “sulfotopes” (GlcNAc6S) on its unique N-glycosylation site. The effects of in vivo exposure to GlcNAc6S on heart tissue ultrastructure, immune responses, and along the outcome of infection by T. cruzi, were evaluated in a murine experimental model, BALB/c, using three independent strategies. First, mice were pre-exposed to C-T by immunization. C-T-immunized mice (C-TIM) showed IgG2a/IgG1 <1, induced the production of cytokines from Th2, Th17, and Th1 profiles with respect to those of dC-TIM, which only induced IL-10 respect to the control mice. Surprisingly, after sublethal challenge, both C-TIM and dC-TIM showed significantly higher parasitemia and mortality than the control group. Second, mice exposed to BSA-GlcNAc6S as immunogen (BSA-GlcNAc6SIM) showed: severe ultrastructural cardiac alterations while BSA-GlcNAcIM conserved the regular tissue architecture with slight myofibril changes; a strong highly specific humoral-immune-response reproducing the IgG-isotype-profile obtained with C-TIM; and a significant memory-T-cell-response demonstrating sulfotope-immunodominance with respect to BSA-GlcNAcIM. After sublethal challenge, BSA-GlcNAc6SIM showed exacerbated parasitemias, despite elevated IFN-γ levels were registered. In both cases, the abrogation of ultrastructural alterations when using desulfated immunogens supported the direct involvement of sulfotopes and/or indirect effect through their specific antibodies, in the induction of tissue damage. Finally, a third strategy using a passive transference of sulfotope-specific antibodies (IgG-GlcNAc6S) showed the detrimental activity of IgG-GlcNAc6S on mice cardiac tissue, and mice treated with IgG-GlcNAc6S after a sublethal dose of T. cruzi, surprisingly reached higher parasitemias than control groups. These findings confirmed the indirect role of the sulfotopes, via their IgG-GlcNAc6S, both in the immunopathogenicity as well as favoring T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Soprano
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano R Ferrero
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Malena Landoni
- Organic Chemistry Department, Natural and Exact Sciences Faculty; Research Center in Carbohydrates (CIHIDECAR), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A García
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica I Esteva
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia S Couto
- Organic Chemistry Department, Natural and Exact Sciences Faculty; Research Center in Carbohydrates (CIHIDECAR), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vilma G Duschak
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Peralta MF, Usseglio NA, Bracamonte ME, Guzmán ML, Olivera ME, Marco JD, Barroso PA, Carrer DC. Efficacy of topical Miltefosine formulations in an experimental model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:180-196. [PMID: 33502733 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease endemic in ~ 90 countries, with an increasing incidence. Presently available pharmacotherapy implies the systemic administration of moderately/very toxic drugs. Miltefosine (Milt) is the only FDA-approved drug to treat CL via the oral route (Impavido®). It produces side effects; in particular, teratogenic effects are of concern. A topical treatment would have the great advantage of minimising the systemic circulation of the drug, preventing side effects. We prepared dispersions containing Milt and liposomes of different compositions to enhance/modulate trans-epidermal penetration and evaluated in vitro and in vivo efficacy and toxicity, in vitro release rate of the drug and particles size stability with time. Treatments were topically administered to BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The dispersions containing 0.5% Milt eliminated 99% of the parasites and cured the lesions with a complete re-epithelisation, no visible scar and re-growth of hair. Fluid liposomes decreased the time to heal the lesion and the time needed to eliminate viable amastigotes from the lesion site. Relapse of the infection was not found 1 month after treatment in any case. Ultraflexible liposomes on the other hand had no significant in vitro effect but decreased in vivo efficacy. A topical Milt formulation including fluid liposomes seems a promising treatment against CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Florencia Peralta
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC- CONICET- UNC, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nadina A Usseglio
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC- CONICET- UNC, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, UNITEFA - CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ma Estefanía Bracamonte
- Instituto de Patología Experimental - CONICET - , Universidad Nacional de Salta, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Ma Laura Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, UNITEFA - CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ma Eugenia Olivera
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, UNITEFA - CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Diego Marco
- Instituto de Patología Experimental - CONICET - , Universidad Nacional de Salta, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Paola A Barroso
- Instituto de Patología Experimental - CONICET - , Universidad Nacional de Salta, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Dolores C Carrer
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC- CONICET- UNC, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
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28
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Del Fresno C, García-Arriaza J, Martínez-Cano S, Heras-Murillo I, Jarit-Cabanillas A, Amores-Iniesta J, Brandi P, Dunphy G, Suay-Corredera C, Pricolo MR, Vicente N, López-Perrote A, Cabezudo S, González-Corpas A, Llorca O, Alegre-Cebollada J, Garaigorta U, Gastaminza P, Esteban M, Sancho D. The Bacterial Mucosal Immunotherapy MV130 Protects Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Improves COVID-19 Vaccines Immunogenicity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748103. [PMID: 34867974 PMCID: PMC8637175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19-specific vaccines are efficient prophylactic weapons against SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, boosting innate responses may represent an innovative way to immediately fight future emerging viral infections or boost vaccines. MV130 is a mucosal immunotherapy, based on a mixture of whole heat-inactivated bacteria, that has shown clinical efficacy against recurrent viral respiratory infections. Herein, we show that the prophylactic intranasal administration of this immunotherapy confers heterologous protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in susceptible K18-hACE2 mice. Furthermore, in C57BL/6 mice, prophylactic administration of MV130 improves the immunogenicity of two different COVID-19 vaccine formulations targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, inoculated either intramuscularly or intranasally. Independently of the vaccine candidate and vaccination route used, intranasal prophylaxis with MV130 boosted S-specific responses, including CD8+-T cell activation and the production of S-specific mucosal IgA antibodies. Therefore, the bacterial mucosal immunotherapy MV130 protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and improves COVID-19 vaccines immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Fresno
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario la Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarai Martínez-Cano
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,R&D Department, Inmunotek S.L., Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ignacio Heras-Murillo
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Jarit-Cabanillas
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Amores-Iniesta
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Brandi
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gillian Dunphy
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Suay-Corredera
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rosaria Pricolo
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Vicente
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Perrote
- Structural Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Cabezudo
- Structural Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana González-Corpas
- Structural Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Llorca
- Structural Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Alegre-Cebollada
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Urtzi Garaigorta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gastaminza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Deb C, Salinas AN, Zheng T, Middleton A, Kern K, Penoyer D, Borsadia R, Hunley C, Abomoelak B, Mehta V, Irastorza L, Mehta DI, Huo Q. A 1-minute blood test detects decreased immune function and increased clinical risk in COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23491. [PMID: 34873223 PMCID: PMC8648859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, most people will develop no or mild symptoms. However, a small percentage of the population will become severely ill, and some will succumb to death. The clinical severity of COVID-19 has a close connection to the dysregulation of the patient's immune functions. We previously developed a simple, nanoparticle-enabled blood test that can determine the humoral immune status in animals. In this study, we applied this new test to analyze the immune function in relation to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. From the testing of 153 COVID-19 patient samples and 142 negative controls, we detected a drastic decrease of humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients who developed moderate to severe symptoms, but not in patients with no or mild symptoms. The new test may be potentially used to monitor the immunity change and predict the clinical risk of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirajyoti Deb
- Translational Research and Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, 110 Bonnie Loch Court, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA.
| | - Allan N Salinas
- Translational Research and Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, 110 Bonnie Loch Court, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Tianyu Zheng
- Nano Discovery Inc., 1060 Woodcock Road Suite 131, Orlando, FL, 32803, USA
| | - Aurea Middleton
- Center for Nursing Research, Orlando Health, 1414 Kuhl Ave, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Katelyn Kern
- Center for Digestive Health and Nutrition, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, 60 Gore St., Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Daleen Penoyer
- Center for Nursing Research, Orlando Health, 1414 Kuhl Ave, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Rahul Borsadia
- Internal Medicine Group, Orlando Health, 1414 Kuhl Ave, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Charles Hunley
- Critical Care Medicine, Orlando Health, 1414 Kuhl Ave, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Bassam Abomoelak
- Translational Research and Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, 110 Bonnie Loch Court, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Vijay Mehta
- Center for Digestive Health and Nutrition, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, 60 Gore St., Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Laura Irastorza
- Center for Digestive Health and Nutrition, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, 60 Gore St., Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Devendra I Mehta
- Translational Research and Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, 110 Bonnie Loch Court, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA.
- Center for Digestive Health and Nutrition, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, 60 Gore St., Orlando, FL, 32806, USA.
| | - Qun Huo
- Department of Chemistry and NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
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30
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Rohrer B, Parsons N, Annamalai B, Nicholson C, Obert E, Jones BW, Dick AD. Peptide-based immunotherapy against oxidized elastin ameliorates pathology in mouse model of smoke-induced ocular injury. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108755. [PMID: 34487725 PMCID: PMC9753162 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in western populations, is associated with an overactive complement system, and an increase in circulating antibodies against certain epitopes, including elastin. As loss of the elastin layer of Bruch's membrane (BrM) has been reported in aging and AMD, we previously showed that immunization with elastin peptide oxidatively modified by cigarette smoke (ox-elastin), exacerbated ocular pathology in the smoke-induced ocular pathology (SIOP) model. Here we asked whether ox-elastin peptide-based immunotherapy (PIT) ameliorates damage. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were injected with ox-elastin peptide at two doses via weekly subcutaneous administration, while exposed to cigarette smoke for 6 months. FcγR-/- and uninjected C57BL/6J mice served as controls. Retinal morphology was assessed by electron microscopy, and complement activation, antibody deposition and mechanisms of immunological tolerance were assessed by Western blotting and ELISA. RESULTS Elimination of Fcγ receptors, preventing antigen/antibody-dependent cytotoxicity, protected against SIOP. Mice receiving PIT with low dose ox-elastin (LD-PIT) exhibited reduced humoral immunity, reduced complement activation and IgG/IgM deposition in the RPE/choroid, and largely a preserved BrM. While there is no direct evidence of ox-elastin pathogenicity, LD-PIT reduced IFNγ and increased IL-4 within RPE/choroid. High dose PIT was not protective. CONCLUSIONS These data further support ox-elastin role in ocular damage in part via elastin-specific antibodies, and support the corollary that PIT with ox-elastin attenuates ocular pathology. Overall, damage is associated with complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and altered cytokine signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Rohrer
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences Division of Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Departments of Neurosciences Division of Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Departments of Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA.
| | - Nathaniel Parsons
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences Division of Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Balasubramaniam Annamalai
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences Division of Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Crystal Nicholson
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences Division of Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elisabeth Obert
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences Division of Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bryan W Jones
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Andrew D Dick
- University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK and University College London-Institute of Ophthalmology and the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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31
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Lozano ES, Germanó MJ, Troncoso ME, García Bustos MF, Luques CG, Cargnelutti DE. Therapeutic effect of Prosopis strombulifera (LAM) BENTH aqueous extract on a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:281-286. [PMID: 35493311 PMCID: PMC9039096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth is a rhizomatous shrub native from different zones of Argentine Republic. P. strombulifera aqueous extract (PsAE) has different effects and several biological activities have been reported. The goal of this study was to analyze the activity of PsAE on a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis. Experimental procedure PsAE was orally administered at 150 mg/animal/day on BALB/c mice infected in the right footpad (RFP) with 1 × 105 promastigotes of L. amazonensis. As a chemotherapeutic control of treatment, animals receive a commercial form of meglumine antimoniate (MA) (Glucantime®, Aventis, Paris, France). Results and conclusion We observe that the size of RFP lesions of infected mice without treatment showed a grade of inflammation, ulceration and necrosis at the site of infection much greater than that observed with PsAE or MA treatment. Moreover, PsAE was capable of decreasing parasite burden and splenic index. Furthermore, PsAE treated mice showed a significant decrease in O.D. of total anti-Leishmania IgG antibody responses against L. amazonensis. This decrease was similar to those observed when the reference drug, MA, was used. This would indicate that PsAE treatment inhibits or delays disease progression in mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PsAE could be a potential candidate to be used, as a new therapeutic strategy, to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. amazonensis. Prosopis strombulifera aqueous extract (PsAE) has antileishmanial effect. PsAE treatment reduces inflammation and ulceration at the site of infection. PsAE decreased parasite burden and splenic index. PsAE decreased total anti-Leishmania IgG antibody responses against L. amazonensis. PsAE produces a switch to Th1 humoral immune response after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Sebastián Lozano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
- Corresponding author. Av. Ruiz Leal s/n Parque General San Martín, Mendoza CP, 5500, Argentina.
| | - María José Germanó
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariana Elizabeth Troncoso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda García Bustos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos Gamarra Luques
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego Esteban Cargnelutti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
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32
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Zou JT, Jing HM, Yuan Y, Lei LH, Chen ZF, Gou Q, Xiong QS, Zhang XL, Zhao Z, Zhang XK, Zeng H, Zou QM, Zhang JY. Pore-forming alpha-hemolysin efficiently improves the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of protein antigens. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009752. [PMID: 34288976 PMCID: PMC8294524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly immunogenic exotoxins are used as carrier proteins because they efficiently improve the immunogenicity of polysaccharides. However, their efficiency with protein antigens remains unclear. In the current study, the candidate antigen PA0833 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was fused to the α-hemolysin mutant HlaH35A from Staphylococcus aureus to form a HlaH35A-PA0833 fusion protein (HPF). Immunization with HPF resulted in increased PA0833-specific antibody titers, higher protective efficacy, and decreased bacterial burden and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion compared with PA0833 immunization alone. Using fluorescently labeled antigens to track antigen uptake and delivery, we found that HlaH35A fusion significantly improved antigen uptake in injected muscles and antigen delivery to draining lymph nodes. Both in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that the increased antigen uptake after immunization with HPF was mainly due to monocyte- and macrophage-dependent macropinocytosis, which was probably the result of HPF binding to ADAM10, the Hla host receptor. Furthermore, a transcriptome analysis showed that several immune signaling pathways were activated by HPF, shedding light on the mechanism whereby HlaH35A fusion improves immunogenicity. Finally, the improvement in immunogenicity by HlaH35A fusion was also confirmed with two other antigens, GlnH from Klebsiella pneumoniae and the model antigen OVA, indicating that HlaH35A could serve as a universal carrier protein to improve the immunogenicity of protein antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hai-Ming Jing
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yue Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lang-Huan Lei
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhi-Fu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qiang Gou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qing-Shan Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Kai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- * E-mail: (Q-MZ); (J-YZ)
| | - Jin-Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products & Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- * E-mail: (Q-MZ); (J-YZ)
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33
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Mallory KL, Taylor JA, Zou X, Waghela IN, Schneider CG, Sibilo MQ, Punde NM, Perazzo LC, Savransky T, Sedegah M, Dutta S, Janse CJ, Pardi N, Lin PJC, Tam YK, Weissman D, Angov E. Messenger RNA expressing PfCSP induces functional, protective immune responses against malaria in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:84. [PMID: 34145286 PMCID: PMC8213722 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human malaria affects the vast majority of the world's population with the Plasmodium falciparum species causing the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. With no licensed vaccine and leading candidates achieving suboptimal protection in the field, the need for an effective immunoprophylactic option continues to motivate the malaria research community to explore alternative technologies. Recent advances in the mRNA discipline have elevated the long-neglected platform to the forefront of infectious disease research. As the immunodominant coat protein of the invasive stage of the malaria parasite, circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) was selected as the antigen of choice to assess the immunogenic and protective potential of an mRNA malaria vaccine. In mammalian cell transfection experiments, PfCSP mRNA was well expressed and cell associated. In the transition to an in vivo murine model, lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulation was applied to protect and deliver the mRNA to the cell translation machinery and supply adjuvant activity. The immunogenic effect of an array of factors was explored, such as formulation, dose, number, and interval of immunizations. PfCSP mRNA-LNP achieved sterile protection against infection with two P. berghei PfCSP transgenic parasite strains, with mRNA dose and vaccination interval having a greater effect on outcome. This investigation serves as the assessment of pre-erythrocytic malaria, PfCSP mRNA vaccine candidate resulting in sterile protection, with numerous factors affecting protective efficacy, making it a compelling candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Mallory
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Parsons Corporation, Centreville, VA, USA
| | - Justin A Taylor
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zou
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ishita N Waghela
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Parsons Corporation, Centreville, VA, USA
| | - Cosette G Schneider
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Michael Q Sibilo
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Parsons Corporation, Centreville, VA, USA
| | - Neeraja M Punde
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Leah C Perazzo
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Tatyana Savransky
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | | | - Sheetij Dutta
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Chris J Janse
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Evelina Angov
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Peralta MF, Guzman ML, Bracamonte ME, Marco JD, Olivera ME, Carrer DC, Barroso PA. Efficacy of topical risedronate and risedronate - Eudragit E complex in a model of cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07136. [PMID: 34124403 PMCID: PMC8173260 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious topical treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is highly desirable but still an ongoing challenge. Systemic risedronate (Ris) has been reported to have anti-leishmanial properties and Eudragit EPO (EuE) has shown in vitro activity against L. (L.) amazonensis. The aim of this work was to investigate the in vivo efficacy of topical Ris and EuE-Ris complexes on CL. Surface charge and Ris release kinetics from the different dispersions were analyzed. BALB/c mice were infected intradermally with promastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis. Ulcers were treated with Ris or EuE-Ris hydrogels. All the lesions that received topical Ris or EuE-Ris showed an improvement with respect to control: reduction of ulcer average size, cicatrization, flattened edges and no signs of necrosis. In addition, a marked parasitic inhibition of 69.5 and 73.7% was observed in the groups treated with Ris and EuE-Ris, respectively, with the IgG2a levels indicating a tendency towards cure. The results are promising and the system should now be enhanced to achieve total parasite elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Florencia Peralta
- Instituto Ferreyra - INIMEC-CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ma Laura Guzman
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica - CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ma Estefanía Bracamonte
- Instituto de Patología Experimental - CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - J Diego Marco
- Instituto de Patología Experimental - CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Ma Eugenia Olivera
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica - CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Dolores C Carrer
- Instituto Ferreyra - INIMEC-CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paola A Barroso
- Instituto de Patología Experimental - CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
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35
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Zutshi S, Sarode AY, Ghosh SK, Jha MK, Sudan R, Kumar S, Sadhale LP, Roy S, Saha B. LmjF.36.3850, a novel hypothetical Leishmania major protein, contributes to the infection. Immunology 2021; 163:460-477. [PMID: 33764520 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that resides in mammalian macrophages and inflicts the disease known as leishmaniasis. Although prevalent in 88 countries, an anti-leishmanial vaccine remains elusive. While comparing the virulent and avirulent L. major transcriptomes by microarray, PCR and functional analyses for identifying a novel virulence-associated gene, we identified LmjF.36.3850, a hypothetical protein significantly less expressed in the avirulent parasite and without any known function. Motif search revealed that LmjF.36.3850 protein shared phosphorylation sites and other structural features with sucrose non-fermenting protein (Snf7) that shuttles virulence factors. LmjF.36.3850 was predicted to bind diacylglycerol (DAG) with energy value similar to PKCα and PKCβ, to which DAG is a cofactor. Indeed, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), a DAG analogue, enhanced the phosphorylation of PKCα and PKCβI. We cloned LmjF.36.3850 gene in a mammalian expression vector and primed susceptible BALB/c mice followed by challenge infection. We observed a higher parasite load, comparable antibody response and higher anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10, while expression of major anti-leishmanial cytokine, IFN-γ, remained unchanged in LmjF.36.3850-vaccinated mice. CSA restimulated LN cells from vaccinated mice after challenge infection secreted comparable IL-4 and IL-10 but reduced IFN-γ, as compared to controls. These observations suggest a skewed Th2 response, diminished IFN-γ secreting Th1-TEM cells and increased central and effector memory subtype of Th2, Th17 and Treg cells in the vaccinated mice. These data indicate that LmjF.36.3850 is a plausible virulence factor that enhances disease-promoting response, possibly by interfering with PKC activation and by eliciting disease-promoting T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raki Sudan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | | | - Somenath Roy
- Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Chandrasekharpur, India
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36
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Du Y, Xu Y, Feng J, Hu L, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Guo W, Mai R, Chen L, Fang J, Zhang H, Peng T. Intranasal administration of a recombinant RBD vaccine induced protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mouse. Vaccine 2021; 39:2280-2287. [PMID: 33731271 PMCID: PMC7934688 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the global Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic underscores the importance of the rapid development of a non-invasive vaccine that can be easily administered. A vaccine administered by nasal delivery is endowed with such characteristics against respiratory viruses. In this study, we generated a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based subunit vaccine. Mice were immunized via intranasal inoculation, microneedle-intradermal injection, or intramuscular injection, after which the RBD-specific immune responses were compared. Results showed that when administrated intranasally, the vaccine elicited a robust systemic humoral immunity with high titers of IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies as well as a significant mucosal immunity. Besides, antigen-specific T cell responses were also analyzed. These results indicated that the non-invasive intranasal administration should be explored for the future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Du
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhua Xu
- Guangdong South China Vaccine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Feng
- Guangdong South China Vaccine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longbo Hu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weili Guo
- Guangdong South China Vaccine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runming Mai
- Guangdong South China Vaccine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyun Chen
- Guangdong South China Vaccine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Fang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tao Peng
- Guangdong South China Vaccine, Guangzhou, China; Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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37
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Minhas P, Kumar BVS, Verma R. Expression of recombinant DnaK of Brucella abortus and its evaluation as immuno-modulator. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2719-2725. [PMID: 33606039 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that are immunogens as well as potent inducers of an antigen-specific immunological response. In this study, we aimed to evaluate if co-immunization of Brucella rOmp22 and rDnaK proteins had boosted immunogenic activity as compared to rOmp22 immunization alone in mice. For this, gene-encoding DnaK of B. abortus was cloned, expressed in E. coli and purified using Ni-NTA agarose. Immuno-modulatory effect of rDnaK protein was evaluated in mice when co-immunized with Brucella rOmp22. Four groups of mice (n = 6 per group) were used in the study. The control group was immunized with rOmp22 alone, while rOmp22 emulsified with conventional adjuvants (Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvants) and rOmp22 mixed with rDnaK were injected to group I and group II in mice, respectively. Group III mice were immunized with rDnaK alone. IgG class switching (IgG1 and IgG2a) response to immunization was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and expression of IL-4 and IL-12 mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR to evaluate the immune response in mice. The ratio of IgG1-IgG2a was less than 1 in mice co-immunized with rOmp22 and rDnaK, indicating that the immune response was directed towards CMI arm in this group of mice. Moreover, IL-12 mRNA expression was also up-regulated to a greater extent in mice co-immunized with rOmp22 and rDnaK as compared to those immunized with rOmp22 along with the conventional adjuvants, or rOmp22 alone. Our data suggest that rDnaK could be responsible for modulating the immune response, specifically the CMI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Minhas
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - B V Sunil Kumar
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - Ramneek Verma
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
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38
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Andrianov AK, Marini A, Wang R, Chowdhury A, Agnihotri P, Yunus AS, Pierce BG, Mariuzza RA, Fuerst TR. In Vivo and In Vitro Potency of Polyphosphazene Immunoadjuvants with Hepatitis C Virus Antigen and the Role of Their Supramolecular Assembly. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:726-734. [PMID: 32530637 PMCID: PMC7755742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two well-defined synthetic polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants, PCPP and PCEP, were studied for their ability to potentiate the immune response to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 glycoprotein antigen in vivo. We report that PCEP induced significantly higher serum neutralization and HCV-specific IgG titers in mice compared to other adjuvants used in the study: PCPP, Alum, and Addavax. PCEP also shifted the response toward the desirable balanced Th1/Th2 immunity, as evaluated by the antibody isotype ratio (IgG2a/IgG1). The in vivo results were analyzed in the context of antigen-adjuvant molecular interactions in the system and in vitro immunostimulatory activity of formulations. Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that both PCPP and PCEP spontaneously self-assemble with the E2 glycoprotein with the formation of multimeric water-soluble complexes, which demonstrates the role of polyphosphazene macromolecules as vaccine delivery vehicles. Intrinsic in vitro immunostimulatory activity of polyphosphazene adjuvants, which was assessed using a mouse macrophage cell line, revealed comparable activities of both polymers and did not provide an explanation of their in vivo performance. However, PCEP complexes with E2 displayed greater stability against agglomeration and improved in vitro immunostimulatory activity compared to those of PCPP, which is in line with superior in vivo performance of PCEP. The results emphasize the importance of often neglected antigen-polyphosphazene self-assembly mechanisms in formulations, which can provide important insights on their in vivo behavior and facilitate the establishment of a structure-activity relationship for this important class of immunoadjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Alexander Marini
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Ananda Chowdhury
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Pragati Agnihotri
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Abdul S. Yunus
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Brian G. Pierce
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Roy A. Mariuzza
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Thomas R. Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
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39
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Kilgore PB, Sha J, Andersson JA, Motin VL, Chopra AK. A new generation needle- and adjuvant-free trivalent plague vaccine utilizing adenovirus-5 nanoparticle platform. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:21. [PMID: 33514747 PMCID: PMC7846801 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A plague vaccine with a fusion cassette of YscF, F1, and LcrV encoding genes in an adenovirus-5 vector (rAd5-YFV) is evaluated for efficacy and immune responses in mice. Two doses of the vaccine provides 100% protection when administered intranasally against challenge with Yersinia pestis CO92 or its isogenic F1 mutant in short- or long- term immunization in pneumonic/bubonic plague models. The corresponding protection rates drop in rAd5-LcrV monovalent vaccinated mice in plague models. The rAd5-YFV vaccine induces superior humoral, mucosal and cell-mediated immunity, with clearance of the pathogen. Immunization of mice with rAd5-YFV followed by CO92 infection dampens proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil chemoattractant production, while increasing Th1- and Th2-cytokine responses as well as macrophage/monocyte chemo-attractants when compared to the challenge control animals. This is a first study showing complete protection of mice from pneumonic/bubonic plague with a viral vector-based vaccine without the use of needles and the adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Kilgore
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Jian Sha
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Jourdan A. Andersson
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Vladimir L. Motin
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA ,grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA ,grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA ,grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA ,grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Ashok K. Chopra
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA ,grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA ,grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA ,grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
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40
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Teixeira AF, Cavenague MF, Kochi LT, Fernandes LG, Souza GO, de Souza Filho AF, Vasconcellos SA, Heinemann MB, Nascimento ALTO. Immunoprotective Activity Induced by Leptospiral Outer Membrane Proteins in Hamster Model of Acute Leptospirosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568694. [PMID: 33193344 PMCID: PMC7662565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution, affecting both humans and animals. The development of an effective vaccine against leptospirosis has long been pursued but without success. Humans are contaminated after direct contact with the urine of infected animals or indirectly by contaminated water or soil. The vaccines available consist of inactivated whole-bacterial cells, and the active immunoprotective antigen is the lipopolysaccharide moiety, which is also the basis for serovar classification. However, these vaccines are short-lasting, and protection is only against serovars contained in the preparation. The search for prevalent antigens, present in pathogenic species of Leptospira, represents the most cost-effective strategy for prevention of leptospirosis. Thus, the identification of these antigens is a priority. In this study, we examined the immunoprotective effect of eight leptospiral recombinant proteins using hamster as the challenge model. Animals received subcutaneously two doses of vaccine containing 50 μg of each recombinant protein adsorbed on alum adjuvant. Two weeks after the booster, animals were challenged with virulent leptospires and monitored for 21 days. All proteins were able to induce a specific immune response, although significant protective effects on survival rate were observed only for the proteins Lsa14, rLIC13259, and rLIC11711. Of these, only rLIC13259 and rLIC11711 were found to be highly prospective in promoting renal clearance. The sterilizing potential of both proteins will be further investigated to elucidate the immunoprotective mechanisms involved in leptospirosis control. These are the first proteins involved with human complement components with the capacity to protect against virulent challenge and to eliminate the bacteria from the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline F Teixeira
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria F Cavenague
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro T Kochi
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis G Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele O Souza
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio A Vasconcellos
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Laboratorio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L T O Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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41
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Van Nguyen T, Piao CH, Fan YJ, Shin DU, Kim SY, Song HJ, Song CH, Shin HS, Chai OH. Anti-allergic rhinitis activity of α-lipoic acid via balancing Th17/Treg expression and enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12528. [PMID: 32719431 PMCID: PMC7385155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) mouse model was established to investigate whether α-Lipoic acid (LA) has a protective effect against upper respiratory tract inflammation. BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection and challenged by intranasal application of OVA. Mice were orally administered various doses of LA once daily (2, 10, 50 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (Dex; 2.5 mg/kg) 1 h before OVA challenge. Allergic nasal symptoms, levels of OVA-specific immunoglobulins, cytokines, and transcription factors were measured. Nasal and lung histopathology were evaluated. LA administration significantly alleviated the nasal symptoms such as rubbing and sneezing, markedly reduced both serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels. The LA treatment group showed markedly up-regulated levels of the Treg cytokine IL-10 and Treg transcription factor Foxp3. In contrast, it showed down-regulated levels of the Th17 cytokine IL-17 and the Th17 transcription factor STAT3, and RORγ. LA greatly enhanced the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway signaling and inhibited the activation of NF-κB/IκB, markedly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and chemokine COX-2. The histologic alterations of nasal and lung tissues of AR mice were effectively ameliorated by LA. Based on these results, we suggest that LA could be a potential therapeutic agent in OVA-induced AR by virtue of its role in controlling the Th17/Treg balance and enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Van Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Hua Piao
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Jing Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Shin
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yong Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Song
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Andrianov AK, Marin A, Wang R, Karauzum H, Chowdhury A, Agnihotri P, Yunus AS, Mariuzza RA, Fuerst TR. Supramolecular assembly of Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist into multimeric water-soluble constructs enables superior immune stimulation in vitro and in vivo. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:3187-3195. [PMID: 33880435 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resiquimod or R848 (RSQD) is a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist which shows promise as vaccine adjuvant due to its potential to promote highly desirable cellular immunity. The development of this small molecule in the field to date has been largely impeded by its rapid in vivo clearance and lack of association with vaccine antigens. Here, we report a multimeric TLR 7/8 construct of nano-scale size, which results from a spontaneous self-assembly of RSQD with a water-soluble clinical-stage polymer - poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PCPP). The formation of ionically paired construct (PCPP-R) and a ternary complex, which also includes Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigen, has been demonstrated by dynamic lights scattering (DLS), turbidimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4), and 1H NMR spectroscopy methods. The resulting supramolecular assembly PCPP-R enabled superior immunostimulation in cellular assays (mouse macrophage reporter cell line) and displayed improved in vitro hemocompatibility (human erythrocytes). In vivo studies demonstrated that PCPP-R adjuvanted HCV formulation induced higher serum neutralization titers in BALB/c mice and shifted the response towards desirable cellular immunity, as evaluated by antibody isotype ratio (IgG2a/IgG1) and ex vivo analysis of cytokine secreting splenocytes (higher levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) single and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/IFN-γ double producing cells). The non-covalent multimerization approach stands in contrast to previously suggested RSQD delivery methods, which involve covalent conjugation or encapsulation, and offers a flexible methodology that can be potentially integrated with other parenterally administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | | | - Ananda Chowdhury
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Pragati Agnihotri
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.,W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Abdul S Yunus
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Roy A Mariuzza
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.,W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
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Zutshi S, Kumar S, Sarode A, Roy S, Sarkar A, Saha B. Leishmania major adenylate kinase immunization offers partial protection to a susceptible host. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12688. [PMID: 31797390 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania major causes mild-to-severe cutaneous lesions resulting in significant disfigurations, if untreated. The drugs are toxic, and drug-resistance parasites are emerging. Therefore, a prophylactic vaccination is an urgent need. As no vaccine is available, we compared the genes expressed by virulent and avirulent parasites. We identify L major adenylate kinase (AdeK) as a probable vaccine candidate after a series of experimentations. We cloned the gene in mammalian pcDNA6/HisA and pet28a+ vector for in vivo expression following immunization and in vitro protein expression for booster, respectively. We observed that immunization of susceptible BALB/c mice with AdeK resulted in significant protection against L major challenge infection. The protection was accompanied by increased IFN-γ producing lymphocytes and reduced IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 secreting central and effector Th2, Th17 and Treg memory cells, respectively. These observations indicate L major AdeK as a potential vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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Jin H, Wu Y, Bi S, Xu Y, Shi F, Li X, Ma X, Hu S. Higher immune response induced by vaccination in Houhai acupoint relates to the lymphatic drainage of the injection site. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:230-236. [PMID: 32224352 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Houhai acupoint (HA) is a site for acupuncture stimulation, located in the fossa between the anus and tail base in animals. To evaluate HA as a potential immunization site, the immune responses were compared when HA and the conventional site nape were vaccinated in rats. The results showed that injection of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) vaccine in HA induced significantly higher IgG, IgG1, IgG2, splenocyte proliferation and mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ than in the nape. To search for the underlying mechanisms, the draining lymph nodes for HA and the nape were investigated. When rats were injected in HA with Indian ink, 11 lymph nodes including caudal mesenteric lymph node and bilateral gluteal lymph nodes, posterior inguinal lymph nodes, lumbar lymph nodes, internal iliac lymph nodes and popliteal lymph nodes were visibly stained with the ink and injection of a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in HA resulted in detection of OVA by western blotting while in the same lymph nodes only a pair of lymph nodes (central brachial lymph nodes) were observed when Indian ink or OVA was injected in the nape. IL-2 mRNA expression was detected in all the lymph nodes when PEDV vaccine was injected. Therefore, the enhanced immune response elicited by vaccination in HA may be attributed to more lymphocytes activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Jin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Shicheng Bi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Animal Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Fushan Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Songhua Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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45
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Chen H, Zhang X, Liu L, Cai M, Guo Z, Qiu L. Application of red clover isoflavone extract as an adjuvant in mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1175-1182. [PMID: 32010286 PMCID: PMC6966154 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the safety of red clover isoflavone extract (RCIE) and its potential adjuvant effects on the cellular and humoral immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) were evaluated using an ICR mouse model. On day 1, the mice were first subcutaneously immunized with 100 µg OVA, 100 µg OVA + 200 µg aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) or OVA + 50, 100 or 200 µg RCIE (RCIE + OVA), following which booster immunization was performed on day 15. After 2 weeks, the stimulation of splenocyte proliferation and levels of serum antibodies were measured. No notable stress responses were observed after the initial and booster immunization. Splenocyte proliferation was significantly increased in mice immunized with OVA + 100 µg RCIE (P<0.01). The levels of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in serum were also significantly increased in OVA + RCIE groups compared with the OVA control group (P<0.05). In the OVA + RCIE groups, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-10 were increased, and the mRNA expression levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, T-bet and GATA-3 were also significantly increased compared with the OVA control group (P<0.05) in splenocytes. In addition, as an adjuvant, RCIE significantly increased the survival rates of mice inoculated with an E. coli vaccine and enhanced the early immune protection against pathogenic E. coli. In conclusion, these findings suggest that RCIE can be used as a safe vaccine adjuvant and supports its use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
| | - Longsi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
| | - Mingqin Cai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
| | - Longxin Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
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Culbreth MJ, Biryukov SS, Shoe JL, Dankmeyer JL, Hunter M, Klimko CP, Rosario-Acevedo R, Fetterer DP, Moreau AM, Welkos SL, Cote CK. The Use of Analgesics during Vaccination with a Live Attenuated Yersinia pestis Vaccine Alters the Resulting Immune Response in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040205. [PMID: 31816945 PMCID: PMC6963655 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of antipyretic analgesics prior to, in conjunction with, or due to sequelae associated with vaccination is a common yet somewhat controversial practice. In the context of human vaccination, it is unclear if even short-term analgesic regimens can significantly alter the resulting immune response, as literature exists to support several scenarios including substantial immune interference. In this report, we used a live attenuated Yersinia pestis vaccine to examine the impact of analgesic administration on the immune response elicited by a single dose of a live bacterial vaccine in mice. Mice were assessed by evaluating natural and provoked behavior, as well as food and water consumption. The resulting immune responses were assessed by determining antibody titers against multiple antigens and assaying cellular responses in stimulated splenocytes collected from vaccinated animals. We observed no substantial benefit to the mice associated with the analgesic administration. Splenocytes from both C57BL/6 and BALB/c vaccinated mice receiving acetaminophen have a significantly reduced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) recall response. Additionally, there is a significantly lower immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a/IgG1 ratio in vaccinated BALB/c mice treated with either acetaminophen or meloxicam and a significantly lower IgG2c/IgG1 ratio in vaccinated C57BL/6 mice treated with acetaminophen. Taken together, our data indicate that the use of analgesics, while possibly ethically warranted, may hinder the accurate characterization and evaluation of novel vaccine strategies with little to no appreciable benefits to the vaccinated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilynn J. Culbreth
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Comparative Medicine Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Sergei S. Biryukov
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.S.B.); (J.L.S.); (J.L.D.); (M.H.); (C.P.K.); (R.R.-A.); (S.L.W.)
| | - Jennifer L. Shoe
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.S.B.); (J.L.S.); (J.L.D.); (M.H.); (C.P.K.); (R.R.-A.); (S.L.W.)
| | - Jennifer L. Dankmeyer
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.S.B.); (J.L.S.); (J.L.D.); (M.H.); (C.P.K.); (R.R.-A.); (S.L.W.)
| | - Melissa Hunter
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.S.B.); (J.L.S.); (J.L.D.); (M.H.); (C.P.K.); (R.R.-A.); (S.L.W.)
| | - Christopher P. Klimko
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.S.B.); (J.L.S.); (J.L.D.); (M.H.); (C.P.K.); (R.R.-A.); (S.L.W.)
| | - Raysa Rosario-Acevedo
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.S.B.); (J.L.S.); (J.L.D.); (M.H.); (C.P.K.); (R.R.-A.); (S.L.W.)
| | - David P. Fetterer
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Biostatistics Medicine Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Alicia M. Moreau
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Pathology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Susan L. Welkos
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.S.B.); (J.L.S.); (J.L.D.); (M.H.); (C.P.K.); (R.R.-A.); (S.L.W.)
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.S.B.); (J.L.S.); (J.L.D.); (M.H.); (C.P.K.); (R.R.-A.); (S.L.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Araiza-Villanueva M, Avila-Calderón ED, Flores-Romo L, Calderón-Amador J, Sriranganathan N, Qublan HA, Witonsky S, Aguilera-Arreola MG, Ruiz-Palma MDS, Ruiz EA, Suárez-Güemes F, Gómez-Lunar Z, Contreras-Rodríguez A. Proteomic Analysis of Membrane Blebs of Brucella abortus 2308 and RB51 and Their Evaluation as an Acellular Vaccine. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2714. [PMID: 31849872 PMCID: PMC6895012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane blebs are released from Gram-negative bacteria, however, little is known about Brucella blebs. This work pursued two objectives, the first was to determine and identify the proteins in the membrane blebs by proteomics and in silico analysis. The second aim was to evaluate the use of membrane blebs of Brucella abortus 2308 and B. abortus RB51 as an acellular vaccine in vivo and in vitro. To achieve these aims, membrane blebs from B. abortus 2308 and RB51 were obtained and then analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Brucella membrane blebs were used as a "vaccine" to induce an immune response in BALB/c mice, using the strain B. abortus RB51 as a positive vaccine control. After subsequent challenge with B. abortus 2308, CFUs in spleens were determined; and immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2a were measured in murine serum by ELISA. Also, activation and costimulatory molecules induced by membrane blebs were analyzed in splenocytes by flow cytometry. Two hundred and twenty eight proteins were identified in 2308 membrane blebs and 171 in RB51 blebs, some of them are well-known Brucella immunogens such as SodC, Omp2b, Omp2a, Omp10, Omp16, and Omp19. Mice immunized with membrane blebs from rough or smooth B. abortus induced similar protective immune responses as well as the vaccine B. abortus RB51 after the challenge with virulent strain B. abortus 2308 (P < 0.05). The levels of IgG2a in mice vaccinated with 2308 membrane blebs were higher than those vaccinated with RB51 membrane blebs or B. abortus RB51 post-boosting. Moreover, mice immunized with 2308 blebs increased the percentage of activated B cells (CD19+CD69+) in vitro. Therefore, membrane blebs are potential candidates for the development of an acellular vaccine against brucellosis, especially those derived from the rough strains so that serological diagnostic is not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Araiza-Villanueva
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eric Daniel Avila-Calderón
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Flores-Romo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juana Calderón-Amador
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nammalwar Sriranganathan
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Hamzeh Al Qublan
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Sharon Witonsky
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Ma Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Del Socorro Ruiz-Palma
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,División Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Tecámac, Tecámac, Mexico
| | - Enrico A Ruiz
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Suárez-Güemes
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zulema Gómez-Lunar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Minhas P, Sunil Kumar BV, Verma R. Evaluation of immuno-modulating effect of recombinant heat shock protein 40 of Brucella abortus in mice. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:366. [PMID: 31588390 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the immuno-modulatory effect of Brucella-specific recombinant HSP40 (rDnaJ) when co-immunized with Brucella rOmp22 in mice. For this, dnaJ of Brucella abortus was cloned, expressed in E. coli, and purified to homogeneity using Ni-NTA agarose columns. Three groups of mice (n = 6 in each group) were used in the study. The control group was immunized with rOmp22 alone, while group 1 mice were injected subcutaneously with rOmp22 along with conventional adjuvants (FCA, FIA), and group 2 mice with rOmp22 mixed with rDnaJ. IgG isotype (IgG1 and IgG2a) response to rOmp22 immunization was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which was found to be directed towards the cell-mediated arm of immune system (CMI) in group 2 mice in which rOmp22 was co-immunized with rDnaJ. Expression profiling of IL-4 and IL-12 was checked in all the groups by qRT PCR. IL12 mRNA was up-regulated to a greater extent in group2 mice, suggesting that the CMI arm of immune system was stimulated. Hence, it was concluded that CMI response against rOmp22 is stimulated to a greater extent in mice when co-immunized with Brucella rDnaJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Minhas
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - B V Sunil Kumar
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Ramneek Verma
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
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Huang WC, Huang CH, Hu S, Peng HL, Wu SJ. Topical Spilanthol Inhibits MAPK Signaling and Ameliorates Allergic Inflammation in DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102490. [PMID: 31137528 PMCID: PMC6566832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurrent allergic skin disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. Patients with AD may experience immune imbalance, increased levels of mast cells, immunoglobulin (Ig) E and pro-inflammatory factors (Cyclooxygenase, COX-2 and inducible NO synthase, iNOS). While spilanthol (SP) has anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, its effect on AD remains to be explored. To develop a new means of SP, inflammation-related symptoms of AD were alleviated, and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was used to induce AD-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice. Histopathological analysis was used to examine mast cells and eosinophils infiltration in AD-like skin lesions. The levels of IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Western blot was used for analysis of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and COX-2 and iNOS protein expression. Topical SP treatment reduced serum IgE and IgG2a levels and suppressed COX-2 and iNOS expression via blocked mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in DNCB-induced AD-like lesions. Histopathological examination revealed that SP reduced epidermal thickness and collagen accumulation and inhibited mast cells and eosinophils infiltration into the AD-like lesions skin. These results indicate that SP may protect against AD skin lesions through inhibited MAPK signaling pathways and may diminish the infiltration of inflammatory cells to block allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hsun Huang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
- Department of Dermatology, Aesthetic Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Sindy Hu
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
- Department of Dermatology, Aesthetic Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ling Peng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Aesthetic Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
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50
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Rostamian M, Akya A, Niknam HM. Heterogeneity of humoral immune response to Leishmania tropica in an experimental model. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1231-7. [PMID: 30778754 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Humoral (antibody) response is an important part of immunity against pathogens. Despite the clear role of cell-mediated immune response in protection against leishmaniasis, the role of humoral responses is challenging. There is very limited data regarding humoral immune response against Leishmania tropica which is the causative agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in many parts of the world. Here, we have compared pathogenicity and antibody response against six Iranian Leishmania tropica isolates in BALB/c mice. A Leishmania major isolate was used for comparison. The parasites were injected into the mice followed by the evaluation of the lesion development, parasite load, and antibody responses (IgG1 and IgG2a). Our findings showed that some isolates caused the large lesions and high parasite load in the spleen and lymph node, while other isolates led to no lesion, no splenic parasitism, and low parasite load in the lymph node. The more pathogenic isolates induced higher antibody responses (IgG1 and IgG2a). Our results indicated that there is substantial heterogeneity among various Leishmania tropica isolates regarding the humoral immune response as well as the pathogenicity.
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