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Ye Q, Huang S, Wang Y, Chen S, Yang H, Tan W, Wu Z, Wang A, Chen Y. Wogonin improves colitis by activating the AhR pathway to regulate the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1. Phytomedicine 2024; 128:155425. [PMID: 38518634 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by the disrupted balance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3)/group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) is a significant feature in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling contributes to the maintenance of ILC3/ILC1 balance. Wogonin, a natural flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, can repair intestinal mucosal damage of IBD. However, it remains unclear if wogonin can exert a therapeutic effect by activating the AhR pathway to regulate the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of wogonin on IBD and its potential mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Chronic colitis was induced by four cycles of 2 % DSS treatment in mice. 20 mg kg-1/day wogonin was administrated by oral gavage and mice were treated intraperitoneally with 10 mg kg-1/2 days CH223191 to block the AhR pathway. Colon tissues were processed for histopathological examination and evaluation of the epithelial barrier function by immunohistochemistry. The activation of the AhR pathway and the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1 were determined by western blot and flow cytometry. Then, we also detected the intestinal microflora and their metabolites by 16 s sequencing and non-targeted Metabolomics analysis. Furthermore, an in vitro culture system consisting of MNK3 cells and NCM460 cells, and a CETSA assay were performed to confirm the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Wogonin ameliorated histological severity of the colon, decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors, and increased tight junction proteins in colitis mice. These effects are associated with the tendency of conversion from ILC3 to ILC1 prevented by wogonin, which was offset by AhR antagonist CH223191. In addition, wogonin exerted the curative effect by altering gut microbiota to produce metabolites such as Kynurenic acid, and 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde as AhR endogenous ligands. In vitro data further verified that wogonin as an exogenous ligand directly binds to the structural domain of AhR by CETSA. Also, the supernatant of MNK-3 cells stimulated with wogonin enhanced expression of Occludin and Claudin1 in NCM460 cells induced by LPS. CONCLUSION Cumulatively, our study illustrated that wogonin improved the outcomes of DSS-induced chronic colitis via regulating the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1. Its specific mechanism is to binding to AhR directly, and to activate the AhR pathway indirectly by altering the tryptophan metabolisms of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujuan Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaowei Huang
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Shuze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huiping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weihao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zaoxuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Anjiang Wang
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Wang Z, Shen J. The role of goblet cells in Crohn' s disease. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:43. [PMID: 38561835 PMCID: PMC10985922 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is increasing worldwide. The pathogenesis of CD is hypothesized to be related to environmental, genetic, immunological, and bacterial factors. Current studies have indicated that intestinal epithelial cells, including columnar, Paneth, M, tuft, and goblet cells dysfunctions, are strongly associated with these pathogenic factors. In particular, goblet cells dysfunctions have been shown to be related to CD pathogenesis by direct or indirect ways, according to the emerging studies. The mucus barrier was established with the help of mucins secreted by goblet cells. Not only do the mucins mediate the mucus barrier permeability and bacterium selection, but also, they are closely linked with the endothelial reticulum stress during the synthesis process. Goblet cells also play a vital role in immune response. It was indicated that goblet cells take part in the antigen presentation and cytokines secretion process. Disrupted goblet cells related immune process were widely discovered in CD patients. Meanwhile, dysbiosis of commensal and pathogenic microbiota can induce myriad immune responses through mucus and goblet cell-associated antigen passage. Microbiome dysbiosis lead to inflammatory reaction against pathogenic bacteria and abnormal tolerogenic response. All these three pathways, including the loss of mucus barrier function, abnormal immune reaction, and microbiome dysbiosis, may have independent or cooperative effect on the CD pathogenesis. However, many of the specific mechanisms underlying these pathways remain unclear. Based on the current understandings of goblet cell's role in CD pathogenesis, substances including butyrate, PPARγagonist, Farnesoid X receptor agonist, nuclear factor-Kappa B, nitrate, cytokines mediators, dietary and nutrient therapies were all found to have potential therapeutic effects on CD by regulating the goblet cells mediated pathways. Several monoclonal antibodies already in use for the treatment of CD in the clinical settings were also found to have some goblet cells related therapeutic targets. In this review, we introduce the disease-related functions of goblet cells, their relationship with CD, their possible mechanisms, and current CD treatments targeting goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, No.160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, No.160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Fu X, Xiu Z, Xu Q, Yue R, Xu H. Interleukin-22 Alleviates Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis by Activating AKT/mTOR Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08360-6. [PMID: 38466463 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute abdominal disorders; due to the lack of specific treatment, the treatment of acute pancreatitis, especially serious acute pancreatitis (SAP), is difficult and challenging. We will observe the changes of Interleukin -22 levels in acute pancreatitis animal models, and explore the mechanism of Interleukin -22 in acute pancreatitis. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the potential protective effect of Interleukin -22 on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and to explore its mechanism. METHODS Blood levels of amylase and lipase and Interleukin -22 were assessed in mice with acute pancreatitis. In animal model and cell model of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, the mRNA levels of P62 and Beclin-1 were determined using PCR, and the protein expression of P62, LC3-II, mTOR, AKT, p-mTOR, and p-AKT were evaluated through Western blot analysis. RESULTS Interleukin -22 administration reduced blood amylase and lipase levels and mitigated tissue damage in acute pancreatitis mice model. Interleukin -22 inhibited the relative mRNA levels of P62 and Beclin-1, and the Interleukin -22 group showed a decreased protein expression of LC3-II and P62 and the phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, we obtained similar results in the cell model of acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSION This study suggests that Interleukin -22 administration could alleviate pancreatic damage in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. This effect may result from the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, leading to the inhibition of autophagy. Consequently, Interleukin -22 shows potential as a treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Gastroenterology Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Zhigang Xiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Rui Yue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinic Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Yang R, Chen J, Qu X, Liu H, Wang X, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Interleukin-22 Contributes to Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via STAT3/VEGFA Activation in Escherichia coli Meningitis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:988-999. [PMID: 38317607 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli continues to be the predominant Gram-negative pathogen causing neonatal meningitis worldwide. Inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of meningitis and are key therapeutic targets. The role of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in various diseases is diverse, with both protective and pathogenic effects. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underlying the damaging effects of IL-22 on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in E. coli meningitis. We observed that meningitic E. coli infection induced IL-22 expression in the serum and brain of mice. The tight junction proteins (TJPs) components ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 were degraded in the mouse brain and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMEC) following IL-22 administration. Moreover, the meningitic E. coli-caused increase in BBB permeability in wild-type mice was restored by knocking out IL-22. Mechanistically, IL-22 activated the STAT3-VEGFA signaling cascade in E. coli meningitis, thus eliciting the degradation of TJPs to induce BBB disruption. Our data indicated that IL-22 is an essential host accomplice during E. coli-caused BBB disruption and could be targeted for the therapy of bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinyi Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hulin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chen Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
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Kaliniak S, Fiedoruk K, Spałek J, Piktel E, Durnaś B, Góźdź S, Bucki R, Okła S. Remodeling of Paranasal Sinuses Mucosa Functions in Response to Biofilm-Induced Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1295-1323. [PMID: 38434581 PMCID: PMC10906676 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s443420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is an acute (ARS) or chronic (CRS) inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. CRS is a heterogeneous condition characterized by distinct inflammatory patterns (endotypes) and phenotypes associated with the presence (CRSwNP) or absence (CRSsNP) of nasal polyps. Mucosal barrier and mucociliary clearance dysfunction, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, and tissue remodeling are the hallmarks of CRS. However, the underlying factors, their priority, and the mechanisms of inflammatory responses remain unclear. Several hypotheses have been proposed that link CRS etiology and pathogenesis with host (eg, "immune barrier") and exogenous factors (eg, bacterial/fungal pathogens, dysbiotic microbiota/biofilms, or staphylococcal superantigens). The abnormal interplay between these factors is likely central to the pathophysiology of CRS by triggering compensatory immune responses. Here, we discuss the role of the sinonasal microbiota in CRS and its biofilms in the context of mucosal zinc (Zn) deficiency, serving as a possible unifying link between five host and "bacterial" hypotheses of CRS that lead to sinus mucosa remodeling. To date, no clear correlation between sinonasal microbiota and CRS has been established. However, the predominance of Corynebacteria and Staphylococci and their interspecies relationships likely play a vital role in the formation of the CRS-associated microbiota. Zn-mediated "nutritional immunity", exerted via calprotectin, alongside the dysregulation of Zn-dependent cellular processes, could be a crucial microbiota-shaping factor in CRS. Similar to cystic fibrosis (CF), the role of SPLUNC1-mediated regulation of mucus volume and pH in CRS has been considered. We complement the biofilms' "mechanistic" and "mucin" hypotheses behind CRS pathogenesis with the "structural" one - associated with bacterial "corncob" structures. Finally, microbiota restoration approaches for CRS prevention and treatment are reviewed, including pre- and probiotics, as well as Nasal Microbiota Transplantation (NMT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Spałek
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Sławomir Okła
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
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Saxena A, Mitchell C, Bogdon R, Roark K, Wilson K, Staley S, Hailey M, Williams MC, Rutkovsky A, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Busbee PB. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Regulates Muc2 Production Independently of IL-22 during Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2404. [PMID: 38397081 PMCID: PMC10888603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), was effective at reducing colitis severity through immune cell-mediated interleukin-22 (IL-22) production. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are also involved in regulating colitis, so we investigated their AhR-mediated mechanisms in the current report. A transcriptome analysis of IECs in wildtype (WT) mice revealed that during colitis, I3C regulated select mucin proteins, which could be attributed to goblet cell development. To address this, experiments under in vivo colitis (mice) or in vitro colon organoid conditions were undertaken to determine how select mucin proteins were altered in the absence or presence of AhR in IECs during I3C treatment. Comparing WT to IEC-specific AhR knockout mice (AhRΔIEC), the results showed that AhR expression was essential in IECs for I3C-mediated protection during colitis. AhR-deficiency also impaired mucin protein expression, particularly mucin 2 (Muc2), independently of IL-22. Collectively, this report highlights the important role of AhR in direct regulation of Muc2. These results provide justification for future studies aimed at determining how AhR might regulate select mucins through mechanisms such as direct transcription binding to enhance production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Brandon Busbee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (A.S.); (C.M.); (R.B.); (K.R.); (K.W.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (A.R.); (P.N.); (M.N.)
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Klotskova H, Kidess E, Nadal AL, Brugman S. The role of interleukin-22 in mammalian intestinal homeostasis: Friend and foe. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1144. [PMID: 38363052 PMCID: PMC10870696 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is an important cytokine in the intestinal environment. IL-22 is mainly produced by immune cells and targeted at nonimmune cells such as epithelial and stromal cells in a broad array of tissues such as -but not restricted to- the liver and adipose tissue. IL-22 therefore connects immune functions with metabolic functions of the host, and since it is induced by the microbiota, connects host functioning to the outside environment. IL-22 induces epithelial cell proliferation aiding in rapid epithelium regeneration and wound healing. Additionally, IL-22 activates antiapoptotic genes and DNA damage response pathways, enhancing epithelial cell survival. Recently, it has also been shown that IL-22 induces Paneth cell differentiation in humans. However, IL-22 can also contribute to intestinal epithelium damage and reduces microbial diversity in the intestine directly or indirectly by inducing excessive antimicrobial peptide production by epithelial cells. Moreover, IL-22 enhances angiogenesis and may therefore support tumorigenesis in the intestine. In conclusion, it appears that whether IL-22 has a beneficial or harmful effect in the mammalian intestine largely depends on its regulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature and emphasizes that IL-22 signaling outcome depends on the timing and duration of IL-22 production, the presence of it regulators such as IL-22BP, and the specific location of the cytokine production in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedi‐Britt Klotskova
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Evelien Kidess
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Adria L. Nadal
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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Yamazaki F, Kobayashi K, Mochizuki J, Sashihara T. Interleukin-22 enhanced the mucosal barrier and inhibited the invasion of Salmonella enterica in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae006. [PMID: 38268488 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cell (hiPSC-SIEC) monolayers are useful in vitro models for evaluating the gut mucosal barrier; however, their reactivity to cytokines, which are closely related to the regulation of mucosal barrier function, remains unclear. Interleukin (IL)-22 is a cytokine that contributes to regulate the mucosal barrier in the intestinal epithelia. Using microarray and gene set enrichment analysis, we found that hiPSC-SIEC monolayers activate the immune response and enhance the mucosal barrier in response to IL-22. Moreover, hiPSC-SIEC monolayers induced the gene expression of antimicrobials, including the regenerating islet-derived protein 3 family. Furthermore, IL-22 stimulation upregulated Mucin 2 secretion and gene expression of an enzyme that modifies sugar chains, suggesting alteration of the state of the mucus layer of hiPSC-SIEC monolayers. To evaluate its physiological significance, we measured the protective activity against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica infection in hiPSC-SIEC monolayers and found that prestimulation with IL-22 reduced the number of viable intracellular bacteria. Collectively, these results suggest that hiPSC-SIEC monolayers enhance the mucosal barrier and inhibit infection by pathogenic bacteria in response to IL-22, as previously reported. These results can contribute to the further application of hiPSC-SIECs in evaluating mucosal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuka Yamazaki
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kobayashi
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - Junko Mochizuki
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sashihara
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
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Vebr M, Pomahačová R, Sýkora J, Schwarz J. A Narrative Review of Cytokine Networks: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3229. [PMID: 38137450 PMCID: PMC10740682 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong inflammatory immune mediated disorder, encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC); however, the cause and specific pathogenesis of IBD is yet incompletely understood. Multiple cytokines produced by different immune cell types results in complex functional networks that constitute a highly regulated messaging network of signaling pathways. Applying biological mechanisms underlying IBD at the single omic level, technologies and genetic engineering enable the quantification of the pattern of released cytokines and new insights into the cytokine landscape of IBD. We focus on the existing literature dealing with the biology of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and interactions that facilitate cell-based modulation of the immune system for IBD inflammation. We summarize the main roles of substantial cytokines in IBD related to homeostatic tissue functions and the remodeling of cytokine networks in IBD, which may be specifically valuable for successful cytokine-targeted therapies via marketed products. Cytokines and their receptors are validated targets for multiple therapeutic areas, we review the current strategies for therapeutic intervention and developing cytokine-targeted therapies. New biologics have shown efficacy in the last few decades for the management of IBD; unfortunately, many patients are nonresponsive or develop therapy resistance over time, creating a need for novel therapeutics. Thus, the treatment options for IBD beyond the immune-modifying anti-TNF agents or combination therapies are expanding rapidly. Further studies are needed to fully understand the immune response, networks of cytokines, and the direct pathogenetic relevance regarding individually tailored, safe and efficient targeted-biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vebr
- Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University of Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (J.S.); (J.S.)
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Rawling M, Schiavone M, Mugnier A, Leclercq E, Merrifield D, Foey A, Apper E. Modulation of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function Fed Different Postbiotics and a Probiotic from Lactobacilli. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2900. [PMID: 38138044 PMCID: PMC10745996 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that microbes play a critical role in maintaining gut barrier function, making them ideal to target in order to mitigate the effects of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease with specialist supplementations such as probiotic or postbiotic preparations. In this study, specific strains of Lactobacillus helvictus both live and inactivated and Lactobacillus plantarum inactivated were fed to zebrafish at an inclusion level of 6 × 106 cells/g in order to assess the effects on gut barrier function and protection. Taken together, our results indicate that dietary administration of pro- or postbiotics strengthens the gut barrier function and innate immunity of healthy zebrafish in a strain-specific and process-dependent way. With some differences in the response intensity, the three treatments led to increased intestinal villi length and proportion of IELs, reinforcement of the GC population and up-regulated expression of biomarkers of AMP production and tight junction zona-occludin 2a (zo-2a). In addition, LPPost had an impact on the adaptive immune response, and we hypothesized that it conferred the potential to drive Th17/ILC3 immunity, as suggested by its effect on the gene expression of il22, of different AMPs, and the expression of zo2a. Moreover, LPPost showed the potential to drive Th1/ILC1-like immunity, with a higher percentage of CD8+ cells and higher ifnγ gene expression. In summary, the use of inactivated Lactobacilli species in this study represented a promising strategy for improving barrier function and regulating the immune fate of the intestinal mucosa in a strain-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rawling
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Marine and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK; (D.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Marion Schiavone
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, 31702 Blagnac, France; (M.S.); (A.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Amélie Mugnier
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, 31702 Blagnac, France; (M.S.); (A.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Eric Leclercq
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, 31702 Blagnac, France; (M.S.); (A.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Daniel Merrifield
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Marine and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK; (D.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrew Foey
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Marine and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK; (D.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Emmanuelle Apper
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, 31702 Blagnac, France; (M.S.); (A.M.); (E.L.)
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11
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Wang Y, Ji X, Zhao M, Li J, Yin H, Jin J, Zhao L. Modulation of tryptophan metabolism via AHR-IL22 pathway mediates the alleviation of DSS-induced colitis by chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121180. [PMID: 37567716 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of chitooligosaccharides (COS) has been reported to alleviate colitis in mice. However, the mechanism of action of COS with specific polymerization degree on gut inflammation and metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitobiose (COS2), chitotetraose (COS4), and chitohexaose (COS6) on colitis, and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. COS2, COS4, and COS6 were able to significantly alleviate colonic injury and inflammation levels. COS6 has the best anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, COS6 could down-regulate the level of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1) and restore the levels of indole, indoleacetic-3-acid (IAA), and indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3A) in the cecum of chronic colitis mice (p < 0.05), thereby regulating tryptophan metabolism. In the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor-IL-22 (AHR-IL-22) pathway, although there were differences between chronic colitis and acute colitis mice, COS intervention could restore the AHR-IL-22 pathway to normal, promote the expression of MUC2, and repair the intestinal mucosal barrier. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that COS had a good inhibitory effect on IDO1 under inflammation and the changes of AHR and IL-22 levels at different stages of disease development. This provides new insights into the potential use of COS as a functional food for improving intestinal inflammation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Juan Li
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiayang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
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12
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Li J, Ji Y, Chen N, Dai L, Deng H. Colitis-associated carcinogenesis: crosstalk between tumors, immune cells and gut microbiota. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:194. [PMID: 37875976 PMCID: PMC10594787 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. One of the main causes of colorectal cancer is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), immune cells, and gut microbiota construct the main body of the colon and maintain colon homeostasis. In the development of colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis, the damage, disorder or excessive recruitment of different cells such as IECs, IMCs, immune cells and intestinal microbiota play different roles during these processes. This review aims to discuss the various roles of different cells and the crosstalk of these cells in transforming intestinal inflammation to cancer, which provides new therapeutic methods for chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and microbial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongxin Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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13
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Ten Hove AS, Mallesh S, Zafeiropoulou K, de Kleer JWM, van Hamersveld PHP, Welting O, Hakvoort TBM, Wehner S, Seppen J, de Jonge WJ. Sympathetic activity regulates epithelial proliferation and wound healing via adrenergic receptor α 2A. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17990. [PMID: 37863979 PMCID: PMC10589335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Innervation of the intestinal mucosa by the sympathetic nervous system is well described but the effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation on the intestinal epithelium remain equivocal. We therefore investigated the effect of sympathetic neuronal activation on intestinal cells in mouse models and organoid cultures, to identify the molecular routes involved. Using publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing datasets we show that the α2A isoform is the most abundant adrenergic receptor in small intestinal epithelial cells. Stimulation of this receptor with norepinephrine or a synthetic specific α2A receptor agonist promotes epithelial proliferation and stem cell function, while reducing differentiation in vivo and in intestinal organoids. In an anastomotic healing mouse model, adrenergic receptor α2A stimulation resulted in improved anastomotic healing, while surgical sympathectomy augmented anastomotic leak. Furthermore, stimulation of this receptor led to profound changes in the microbial composition, likely because of altered epithelial antimicrobial peptide secretion. Thus, we established that adrenergic receptor α2A is the molecular delegate of intestinal epithelial sympathetic activity controlling epithelial proliferation, differentiation, and host defense. Therefore, this receptor could serve as a newly identified molecular target to improve mucosal healing in intestinal inflammation and wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Ten Hove
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Shilpashree Mallesh
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konstantina Zafeiropoulou
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janna W M de Kleer
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia H P van Hamersveld
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus B M Hakvoort
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jurgen Seppen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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14
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Hsu P, Choi, EJ, Patel, SA, Wong, WH, Olvera, JG, Yao, P, Liu YC, Tsai MS, Wang W, Boland BS, Chang JT. Responsiveness to Vedolizumab Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis is Associated With Alterations in Immune Cell-Cell Communications. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1602-1612. [PMID: 37235748 PMCID: PMC10547234 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease are 2 types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of chronic digestive disorders caused by aberrant immune responses to intestinal microbes. Although changes in the composition of immune cell subsets in the context of IBD have been previously described, the interactions and communication among cells are less well understood. Moreover, the precise mechanisms of action underlying many biologic therapies, including the anti-α4β7 integrin antagonist vedolizumab, remain incompletely understood. Our study aimed to explore possible additional mechanisms through which vedolizumab acts. METHODS We performed cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) on peripheral blood and colon immune cells derived from patients with ulcerative colitis treated with the anti-α4β7 integrin antagonist vedolizumab. We applied a previously published computational approach, NicheNet, to predict immune cell-cell interactions, revealing putative ligand-receptor pairs and key transcriptional changes downstream of these cell-cell communications (CCC). RESULTS We observed decreased proportions of T helper 17 (TH17) cells in UC patients who responded to vedolizumab and therefore focused the study on identifying cell-cell communications and signals of TH17 cells with other immune cells. For example, we observed that colon TH17 cells from vedolizumab nonresponders were predicted to have a greater degree of interactions with classical monocytes compared with responders, whereas colon TH17 cells from vedolizumab responders exhibited more interactions with myeloid dendritic cells compared with nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate that efforts to elucidate cell-cell communications among immune and nonimmune cell types may increase the mechanistic understanding of current and investigational therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eunice J Choi,
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shefali A Patel,
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - William H Wong,
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jocelyn G Olvera,
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Priscilla Yao,
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yi Chia Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew S Tsai
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brigid S Boland
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John T Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jennifer Moreno Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
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15
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Zheng Y, Han F, Ho A, Xue Y, Wu Z, Chen X, Sandberg JK, Ma S, Leeansyah E. Role of MAIT cells in gastrointestinal tract bacterial infections in humans: More than a gut feeling. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:740-752. [PMID: 37353006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the largest population of unconventional T cells in humans. These antimicrobial T cells are poised with rapid effector responses following recognition of the cognate riboflavin (vitamin B2)-like metabolite antigens derived from microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. Presentation of this unique class of small molecule metabolite antigens is mediated by the highly evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein. In humans, MAIT cells are widely found along the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts owing to their high expression of chemokine receptors and homing molecules directing them to these tissue sites. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the roles MAIT cells play in various gastrointestinal bacterial infections, and how their roles appear to differ depending on the etiological agents and the anatomical location. We further discuss the potential mechanisms by which MAIT cells contribute to pathogen control, orchestrate adaptive immunity, as well as their potential contribution to inflammation and tissue damage during gastrointestinal bacterial infections, and the ensuing tissue repair following resolution. Finally, we propose and discuss the use of the emerging three-dimensional organoid technology to test different hypotheses regarding the role of MAIT cells in gastrointestinal bacterial infections, inflammation, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Amanda Ho
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiting Xue
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
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16
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Chen J, Yao J. Th22 cells and the intestinal mucosal barrier. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221068. [PMID: 37646028 PMCID: PMC10461049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T-helper 22 (Th22) cells represent a novel subset of CD4+ T cells that exhibit distinctive characteristics, namely the secretion of IL-22 while abstaining from secreting IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). These cells serve as the primary source of IL-22, and both Th22 cells and IL-22 are believed to play a role in maintaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the precise functions of Th22 cells and IL-22 in this context remain a subject of debate. In this work, we aimed to elucidate their impact on the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier by presenting an overview of the molecular structure characteristics and functional effects of Th22 cells and IL-22. Furthermore, we would explore targeted treatment approaches and potential therapeutic strategies focusing on the Th22 and IL-22 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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17
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Stolfi C, Pacifico T, Monteleone G, Laudisi F. Impact of Western Diet and Ultra-Processed Food on the Intestinal Mucus Barrier. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2015. [PMID: 37509654 PMCID: PMC10377275 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier plays a key role in the absorption of nutrients and water, in the regulation of the interactions between luminal contents and the underlying immune cells, and in the defense against enteric pathogens. Additionally, the intestinal mucus layer provides further protection due to mucin secretion and maturation by goblet cells, thus representing a crucial player in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. However, environmental factors, such as dietary products, can disrupt this equilibrium, leading to the development of inflammatory intestinal disorders. In particular, ultra-processed food, which is broadly present in the Western diet and includes dietary components containing food additives and/or undergoing multiple industrial processes (such as dry heating cooking), was shown to negatively impact intestinal health. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of a Western diet and, in particular, ultra-processed food on the mucus barrier and goblet cell function, as well as potential therapeutic approaches to maintain and restore the mucus layer under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Pacifico
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
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18
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Ma Y, Liu M, Li D, Li J, Guo Z, Liu Y, Wan S, Liu Y. Olive oil ameliorates allergic response in murine ovalbumin-induced food allergy by promoting intestinal mucosal immunity. Food Science and Human Wellness 2023; 12:801-808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Corrêa RO, Castro PR, Fachi JL, Nirello VD, El-Sahhar S, Imada S, Pereira GV, Pral LP, Araújo NVP, Fernandes MF, Matheus VA, de Souza Felipe J, Dos Santos Pereira Gomes AB, de Oliveira S, de Rezende Rodovalho V, de Oliveira SRM, de Assis HC, Oliveira SC, Dos Santos Martins F, Martens E, Colonna M, Varga-Weisz P, Vinolo MAR. Inulin diet uncovers complex diet-microbiota-immune cell interactions remodeling the gut epithelium. Microbiome 2023; 11:90. [PMID: 37101209 PMCID: PMC10131329 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous proliferation of intestinal stem cells followed by their tightly regulated differentiation to epithelial cells is essential for the maintenance of the gut epithelial barrier and its functions. How these processes are tuned by diet and gut microbiome is an important, but poorly understood question. Dietary soluble fibers, such as inulin, are known for their ability to impact the gut bacterial community and gut epithelium, and their consumption has been usually associated with health improvement in mice and humans. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inulin consumption modifies the composition of colonic bacteria and this impacts intestinal stem cells functions, thus affecting the epithelial structure. METHODS Mice were fed with a diet containing 5% of the insoluble fiber cellulose or the same diet enriched with an additional 10% of inulin. Using a combination of histochemistry, host cell transcriptomics, 16S microbiome analysis, germ-free, gnotobiotic, and genetically modified mouse models, we analyzed the impact of inulin intake on the colonic epithelium, intestinal bacteria, and the local immune compartment. RESULTS We show that the consumption of inulin diet alters the colon epithelium by increasing the proliferation of intestinal stem cells, leading to deeper crypts and longer colons. This effect was dependent on the inulin-altered gut microbiota, as no modulations were observed in animals deprived of microbiota, nor in mice fed cellulose-enriched diets. We also describe the pivotal role of γδ T lymphocytes and IL-22 in this microenvironment, as the inulin diet failed to induce epithelium remodeling in mice lacking this T cell population or cytokine, highlighting their importance in the diet-microbiota-epithelium-immune system crosstalk. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the intake of inulin affects the activity of intestinal stem cells and drives a homeostatic remodeling of the colon epithelium, an effect that requires the gut microbiota, γδ T cells, and the presence of IL-22. Our study indicates complex cross kingdom and cross cell type interactions involved in the adaptation of the colon epithelium to the luminal environment in steady state. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Oliveira Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Pollyana Ribeiro Castro
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - José Luís Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Vinícius Dias Nirello
- International Laboratory for Microbiome Host Epigenetics, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Salma El-Sahhar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Shinya Imada
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Gabriel Vasconcelos Pereira
- International Laboratory for Microbiome Host Epigenetics, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Laís Passariello Pral
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Nathália Vitoria Pereira Araújo
- International Laboratory for Microbiome Host Epigenetics, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mariane Font Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Aparecida Matheus
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Souza Felipe
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Arilson Bernardo Dos Santos Pereira Gomes
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Vinícius de Rezende Rodovalho
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Samantha Roberta Machado de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutics Agents, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Helder Carvalho de Assis
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutics Agents, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eric Martens
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Patrick Varga-Weisz
- International Laboratory for Microbiome Host Epigenetics, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- São Paulo Excellence Chair, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
- International Laboratory for Microbiome Host Epigenetics, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil.
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20
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Liu Y, Yu Z, Zhu L, Ma S, Luo Y, Liang H, Liu Q, Chen J, Guli S, Chen X. Orchestration of MUC2 - The key regulatory target of gut barrier and homeostasis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123862. [PMID: 36870625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut mucosa of human is covered by mucus, functioning as a crucial defense line for the intestine against external stimuli and pathogens. Mucin2 (MUC2) is a subtype of secretory mucins generated by goblet cells and is the major macromolecular component of mucus. Currently, there is an increasing interest on the investigations of MUC2, noting that its function is far beyond a maintainer of the mucus barrier. Moreover, numerous gut diseases are associated with dysregulated MUC2 production. Appropriate production level of MUC2 and mucus contributes to gut barrier function and homeostasis. The production of MUC2 is regulated by a series of physiological processes, which are orchestrated by various bioactive molecules, signaling pathways and gut microbiota, etc., forming a complex regulatory network. Incorporating the latest findings, this review provided a comprehensive summary of MUC2, including its structure, significance and secretory process. Furthermore, we also summarized the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of MUC2 production aiming to provide developmental directions for future researches on MUC2, which can act as a potential prognostic indicator and targeted therapeutic manipulation for diseases. Collectively, we elucidated the micro-level mechanisms underlying MUC2-related phenotypes, hoping to offer some constructive guidance for intestinal and overall health of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zihan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lanping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Huixi Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qinlingfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Sitan Guli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
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21
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Zhao N, Liu C, Li N, Zhou S, Guo Y, Yang S, Liu H. Role of Interleukin-22 in ulcerative colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114273. [PMID: 36696801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic disease, in the progression of which an immune overreaction may play an important role. IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 superfamily of cytokines and is pleiotropic in immune regulation and inflammatory responses. IL-22 can produce protective effects, promote wound healing and tissue regeneration, while it can also induce inflammatory reactions when it is chronically overexpressed. Extensive literatures reported that IL-22 played an essential role in the pathogenic development of UC. IL-22 participates in the whole disease process of UC involving signaling pathways, gene expression regulation, and intestinal flora imbalance, making IL-22 a possible candidate for the treatment of UC. In this paper, the latest knowledge to further elucidate the role of IL-22 in UC was summarized and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Yuting Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Shihua Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
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22
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Wang YJ, Wang HY, Li QM, Zha XQ, Luo JP. Dendrobium fimbriatum polysaccharide ameliorates DSS-induced intestinal mucosal injury by IL-22-regulated intestinal stem cell regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123199. [PMID: 36634807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology and difficult treatment. In this study, the intervention effect of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook polysaccharide (cDFPW1) on UC was verified by constructing a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, and the protective effect of cDFPW1 on intestinal mucosal integrity in UC was explored by the co-culture system consisting of intestinal organoids and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) combined with the experiment of microbial depletion mice. Results showed that cDFPW1 significantly alleviated UC symptoms in mice and promoted the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. Importantly, cDFPW1 could directly improve DSS-induced morphological damage of intestinal organoids and increase the number of epithelial cells, which was validated in mice. During repair, an increase in the number of Lgr5+ cells in intestinal organoids and mouse intestines was promoted by cDFPW1. Meanwhile, cDFPW1 promoted intestinal stem cells (ISCs)-mediated intestinal epithelial regeneration by significantly upregulating IL-22 expression. We further confirmed that the secretion of IL-22 was mediated by LPLs. Together, these findings suggest that cDFPW1 promotes ISCs regeneration by LPLs-mediated up-regulation of IL-22 to protect the intestinal mucosal integrity, thereby playing an important role in improving UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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23
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Qu D, Yu L, Tian F, Zhang H, Chen W, Gu Z, Zhai Q. Bifidobacterium bifidum FJSWX19M5 alleviated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic colitis by mitigating gut barrier injury and increasing regulatory T cells. Food Funct 2023; 14:181-194. [PMID: 36477762 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02659g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been evaluated as alternative approaches for preventing the relapse of Crohn's disease (CD). Previously, we observed strain-specific anti-inflammatory properties of Bifidobacterium bifidum in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) acute colitis models. In this study, we further assessed the effects of several B. bifidum strains on colonic damage, fibrosis, inflammatory factors, intestinal microbial and metabolic profiles, and peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the context of TNBS chronic colitis in mice. These results indicated that B. bifidum FJSWX19M5, but not FXJWS17M4, ameliorated body weight loss, reduced colonic shortening and injury, decreased markers of gut inflammation, and rebalanced colonic metabolism in TNBS-treated mice. FJSWX19M5 supplementation also promoted Treg cell differentiation and intestinal barrier restoration compared to other strains. All living B. bifidum strains (FJSWX19M5, FXJWS17M4 and FHENJZ3M6) seemed to restore the disruption of the gut microbiota caused by TNBS. The co-culture of B. bifidum strains and mesenteric lymph node cells from TNBS-treated mice showed that those strains with anti-colitis could induce higher IL-10 levels and a lower ratio of IL-22/IL-10 and IL-17/IL-10 when compared to those strains that were not protective. Furthermore, heat-killed FJSWX19M5 exhibited a relief effect on colitis-related symptoms (including body weight loss, colonic shortening and injury). These data imply that specific B. bifidum strains or their lysates may be the current therapeutic alternatives for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational, Medicine Research Institute, Wuxi Branch, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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24
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Pracht K, Wittner J, Kagerer F, Jäck HM, Schuh W. The intestine: A highly dynamic microenvironment for IgA plasma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114348. [PMID: 36875083 PMCID: PMC9977823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve longevity, IgA plasma cells require a sophisticated anatomical microenvironment that provides cytokines, cell-cell contacts, and nutrients as well as metabolites. The intestinal epithelium harbors cells with distinct functions and represents an important defense line. Anti-microbial peptide-producing paneth cells, mucus-secreting goblet cells and antigen-transporting microfold (M) cells cooperate to build a protective barrier against pathogens. In addition, intestinal epithelial cells are instrumental in the transcytosis of IgA to the gut lumen, and support plasma cell survival by producing the cytokines APRIL and BAFF. Moreover, nutrients are sensed through specialized receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by both, intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. However, the intestinal epithelium is highly dynamic with a high cellular turn-over rate and exposure to changing microbiota and nutritional factors. In this review, we discuss the spatial interplay of the intestinal epithelium with plasma cells and its potential contribution to IgA plasma cell generation, homing, and longevity. Moreover, we describe the impact of nutritional AhR ligands on intestinal epithelial cell-IgA plasma cell interaction. Finally, we introduce spatial transcriptomics as a new technology to address open questions in intestinal IgA plasma cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fritz Kagerer
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Qu D, Feng S, Li M, Yu L, Tian F, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Effects of Bifidobacteria bifidum strains on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis and its potential mechanism. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Gao XY, Jin Y, Zhao J, Zhang YL, Wang HW, Zhou BH. Th17-Related Cytokines Involved in Fluoride-Induced Cecal and Rectal Barrier Damage of Ovariectomized Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03519-6. [PMID: 36538210 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate fluoride (F)-induced intestine barrier damage and the role of estrogen deficiency in this progress, a rat model of estrogen deficiency was established through bilateral surgical removal of ovaries. The F exposure model was then continued by adding sodium fluoride (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L, calculated on a fluorine ion basis) to drinking water for 90 days. Afterward, intestinal mucosal structure, barrier function, and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. The results showed that excessive F decreased the developmental parameters (crypt depth) of the cecum and rectum and inhibited the proliferation capacity of the intestinal epithelia, which are more obvious in the state of estrogen deficiency. The distribution of goblet cells and glycoproteins in the intestinal mucosa decreased with the increase in F concentration, and estrogen deficiency led to a further decline, especially in the rectum. Using the immunofluorescence method, the study showed that excessive F caused interleukin-17A (IL-17A) significantly decrease in the cecum and increase in the rectum. Meanwhile, F treatment remarkably upregulated the expression of intestinal IL-1β, IL-23, and IL-22, while the level of IL-6 was downregulated. In addition, estrogen deficiency increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and IL-22, but decreased IL-17A expression in the cecum and rectum. Collectively, F exposure damaged intestinal morphological structure, inhibited epithelial cell proliferation and mucus barrier function, and resulted in the disturbance of T helper (Th) 17 cell-related cytokines expression. Estrogen deficiency may further aggravate F-induced damage to the cecum and rectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bian-Hua Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Abstract
Targeting cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a useful clinical approach. Potential therapies for IBD include regulatory T cell transfer to restore cytokine balance, blocking proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-12 and IL-23) or their receptors (sIL-6R and IL-36R), or inhibiting signaling kinases (e.g., JAK). An emerging trend in IBD therapy is to combine several anti-cytokine agents simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Guo Y, Ma Y, Ma L, Guo Z, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Li J, Wang S, Liu Y. Oleuropein Prevents OVA-Induced Food Allergy in Mice by Enhancing the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Remodeling the Intestinal Flora. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200455. [PMID: 36314290 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study assesses whether oleuropein prevents ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy (FA) and investigates the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS A Balb/c FA mouse model is established and maintained for 7 weeks. The subjects are administered OVA by oral gavage to induce FA and supplemented with different oleuropein doses (1.00-20.00 mg kg-1 per day) to evaluate its preventative efficacy. The results indicate that oleuropein effectively alleviates OVA-induced allergy symptoms and promotes temperature elevation in sensitized mice. The secretion of serology-specific OVA-immunoglobulin (Ig)E, OVA-IgG, and histamine is inhibited in the sensitized mice. Oleuropein dramatically upregulates the expression of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins, regenerating gene (Reg) IIIγ, and interleukin (IL)-22, enhancing the physical and biochemical barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. Additionally, oleuropein improves the immune homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium by affecting the function of mucosal mast cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. The disordered intestinal flora of the sensitized mice also improves after oleuropein administration. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that oleuropein prevents FA by enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier function and improving immune homeostasis and intestinal flora in sensitized mice. Therefore, diets rich in oleuropein should be recommended for people with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Guo
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Ma
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Guo
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yingliang Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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29
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Tan C, Hong G, Wang Z, Duan C, Hou L, Wu J, Qian W, Han C, Hou X. Promoting Effect of L-Fucose on the Regeneration of Intestinal Stem Cells through AHR/IL-22 Pathway of Intestinal Lamina Propria Monocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224789. [PMID: 36432480 PMCID: PMC9695883 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of the intestinal epithelial barrier is the goal for curing various intestinal injurious diseases, especially IBD. However, there are limited therapeutics for restoring intestinal epithelial barrier function in IBD. The stemness of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) can differentiate into various mature intestinal epithelial cells, thus playing a key role in the rapid regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. IL-22 secreted by CD4+ T cells and ILC3 cells was reported to maintain the stemness of ISCs. Our previous study found that L-fucose significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colonic inflammation and intestinal epithelial injury. In this study, we discovered enhanced ISC regeneration and increased intestinal IL-22 secretion and its related transcription factor AHR in colitis mice after L-fucose treatment. Further studies showed that L-fucose promoted IL-22 release from CD4+ T cells and intestinal lamina propria monocytes (LPMCs) via activation of nuclear AHR. The coculture system of LPMCs and intestinal organoids demonstrated that L-fucose stimulated the proliferation of ISCs through an indirect manner of IL-22 from LPMCs via the IL-22R-p-STAT3 pathway, and restored TNF-α-induced organoid damage via IL-22-IL-22R signaling. These results revealed that L-fucose helped to heal the epithelial barrier by accelerating ISC proliferation, probably through the AHR/IL-22 pathway of LPMCs, which provides a novel therapy for IBD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chaoqun Han
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-13667264156 (C.H.); +86-13035143646 (X.H.); Fax: +86-27-85726057 (C.H.); +86-27-85726057 (X.H.)
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-13667264156 (C.H.); +86-13035143646 (X.H.); Fax: +86-27-85726057 (C.H.); +86-27-85726057 (X.H.)
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Dotti I, Mayorgas A, Salas A. Generation of human colon organoids from healthy and inflammatory bowel disease mucosa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276195. [PMID: 36301950 PMCID: PMC9612551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) of unknown cause characterized by a relapsing-remitting behavior. Growing evidence supports the idea that the epithelial barrier plays a central role in the pathogenesis of IBD as well as in its evolution over time, thus representing a potential target for novel therapeutic options. In the last decade, the introduction of 3D epithelial cultures from ex vivo-expanded intestinal adult stem cells (ASCs) has impacted our ability to study the function of the epithelium in several gastrointestinal disorders, including IBD. Here, we describe in detail a reproducible protocol to generate Matrigel-embedded epithelial organoids from ASCs of non-IBD and IBD donors using small colonic biopsies, including steps for its optimization. A slightly modified version of this protocol is also provided in case surgical samples are used. With this method, epithelial organoids can be expanded over several passages, thereby generating a large quantity of viable cells that can be used in multiple downstream analyses including genetic, transcriptional, proteomic and/or functional studies. In addition, 3D cultures generated using our protocol are suitable for the establishment of 2D cultures, which can model relevant cell-to-cell interactions that occur in IBD mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Mayorgas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Bachmann R, Van Hul MV, Baldin P, Léonard D, Delzenne NM, Belzer C, Ouwerkerk JP, Repsilber D, Rangel I, Kartheuser A, Brummer RJ, De Vos WMD, Cani PD. Akkermansia muciniphila Reduces Peritonitis and Improves Intestinal Tissue Wound Healing after a Colonic Transmural Defect by a MyD88-Dependent Mechanism. Cells 2022; 11:2666. [PMID: 36078075 PMCID: PMC9454966 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastomotic leakage is a major complication following colorectal surgery leading to peritonitis, complications, and mortality. Akkermansia muciniphila has shown beneficial effects on the gut barrier function. Whether A. muciniphila reduces peritonitis and mortality during colonic leakage is unknown. Whether A. muciniphila can directly modulate the expression of genes in the colonic mucosa in humans has never been studied. We investigated the effects of a pretreatment (14 days) with live A. muciniphila prior to surgical colonic perforation on peritonitis, mortality, and wound healing. We used mice with an inducible intestinal-epithelial-cell-specific deletion of MyD88 (IEC-MyD88 KO) to investigate the role of the innate immune system in this context. In a proof-of-concept pilot study, healthy humans were exposed to A. muciniphila for 2 h and colonic biopsies taken before and after colonic instillation for transcriptomic analysis. Seven days after colonic perforation, A.-muciniphila-treated mice had significantly lower mortality and severity of peritonitis. This effect was associated with significant improvements of wound histological healing scores, higher production of IL22, but no changes in the mucus layer thickness or genes involved in cell renewal, proliferation, or differentiation. All these effects were abolished in IEC-MyD88 KO mice. Finally, human subjects exposed to A. muciniphila exhibited an increased level of the bacterium at the mucus level 2 h after instillation and significant changes in the expression of different genes involved in the regulation of cell cycling, gene transcription, immunity, and inflammation in their colonic mucosa. A. muciniphila improves wound healing during transmural colonic wall defect through mechanisms possibly involving IL22 signaling and requiring MyD88 in the intestinal cells. In healthy humans, colonic administration of A. muciniphila is well tolerated and changes the expression of genes involved in the immune pathways.
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Zhang W, Zhou H, Jiang Y, He J, Yao Y, Wang J, Liu X, Leptihn S, Hua X, Yu Y. Acinetobacter baumannii Outer Membrane Protein A Induces Pulmonary Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Bacterial Translocation Through The TLR2/IQGAP1 Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927955. [PMID: 35844614 PMCID: PMC9280087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary epithelial barrier dysfunction is a critical pathophysiological process in pneumonia and associated invasive infections, such as those caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. However, the mechanisms underlying A. baumannii-induced pulmonary epithelial barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation remain unclear. In this study, lungs of mice and A549 human epithelial cell monolayers were challenged with the A. baumannii wild-type strain and an outer membrane protein A (ompA) deletion strain. In addition, epithelial cells in culture were treated with purified OmpA protein or transfected with a eukaryotic expression vector encoding ompA (pCMV-ompA). Bacterial translocation across cell monolayers and intrapulmonary burden were measured, barrier function was evaluated in vivo and in vitro; cell migration ability was determined. The specific inhibitors C29 and JSH-23 were used to suppress the activity of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and of NF-κB, respectively. IQ-GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) small interfering RNA was used to knock down endogenous IQGAP1 expression. In this work, we show that OmpA from A. baumannii increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, remodeled the cytoskeleton, and internalized intercellular adherens junctions (AJs); these changes eventually induced pulmonary epithelial barrier dysfunction to promote bacterial translocation. IQGAP1-targeting small interfering RNA and chemical inhibition of TLR2 or NF-κB prevented high permeability of the pulmonary epithelial barrier. TLR2/NF-κB signaling was involved in OmpA-induced inflammation, IQGAP1-mediated OmpA-induced opening of the pulmonary epithelial barrier via cytoskeleton dynamic remodeling, and cellular redistribution of the major AJ protein, E-cadherin. These observations indicate that A. baumannii uses OmpA to overcome epithelial defences and cross the pulmonary epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunsong Yu, ; Xiaoting Hua,
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunsong Yu, ; Xiaoting Hua,
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Wu X, Gu B, Yang H. The role of γδ T cells in the interaction between commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 42:379-392. [PMID: 35583374 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2076846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is an important structure involved in resistance to pathogen infection. It is mainly composed of four barriers, which have different but interrelated functions. Pathogenic bacteria can damage these intestinal mucosal barriers. Here, we mainly review the mechanisms of pathogen damage to biological barriers. Most γδ T cells are located on the surface of the intestinal mucosa, with the ability to migrate and engage in crosstalk with microorganisms. Commensal bacteria are involved in the activation and migration of γδ T cells to monitor the invasion of pathogens. Pathogen invasion alters the migration pattern of γδ T cells. γδ T cells accelerate pathogen clearance and limit opportunistic invasion of commensal bacteria. By discussing these interactions among γδ T cells, commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, we suggest that γδ T cells may link the interactions between commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Feng C, Liu X, Tang Y, Feng M, Zhou Z, Liu S. A novel ladderlectin from hybrid crucian carp possesses antimicrobial activity and protects intestinal mucosal barrier against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 124:1-11. [PMID: 35378306 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ladderlectin is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in fish that is critical for rapid detection of bacteria in vitro, but the immunological function of ladderlectin in vivo is essentially unknown. In this study, we examined the expression and function of a ladderlectin homologue (WR-ladderlectin) from hybrid crucian carp. WR-ladderlectin contains 157 amino acids and possesses the conserved C-type lectin domain. WR-ladderlectin is mainly expressed in the intestine and is upregulated by bacterial infection. Recombinant WR-ladderlectin (rWR-ladderlectin) agglutinated Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli. rWR-ladderlectin also bound the A. hydrophila and E. coli in a protein dose-dependent manner. As well as its ability to bind bacterial cells, rWR-ladderlectin displayed apparent bactericidal activity against A. hydrophila and E. coli in vitro. When introduced in vivo, rWR-ladderlectin induced significant expression of the antimicrobial molecules and tight junctions in the intestine. In addition, rWR-ladderlectin prevented significant decrease in the length of intestine villus and enhanced the host's resistance to bacterial infection. These results indicate that WR-ladderlectin is a classic pattern recognition molecule that protects intestinal mucosal barrier against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Nutrition, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mengzhe Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Shieh J, Chu TH, Liu Y, Kim J, Ruiz de Sabando A, Kobayashi S, Zee SY, Sheridan BS, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. KLF5 protects the intestinal epithelium against Th17 immune response in a murine colitis model. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153488. [PMID: 35393949 PMCID: PMC9057631 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness characterized by dysregulated immune cascades in the intestines, in which the Th17 immune response plays an important role. We demonstrated that mice with intestinal epithelium–specific deletion of Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) developed Th17-dependent colonic inflammation. In the absence of KLF5, there was aberrant cellular localization of phosphorylated STAT3, an essential mediator of the Th17-associated cytokine, IL-22, which is required for epithelial tissue regeneration. In contrast, mitigation of IL-17A with anti–IL-17A neutralizing antibody attenuated colitis in Klf5-deficient mice. There was also a considerable shift in the colonic microbiota of Klf5-deficient mice that phenocopied human IBD. Notably, the inflammatory response due to Klf5 deletion was alleviated by antibiotic treatment, implicating the role of microbiota in pathogenesis. Finally, human colitic tissues had reduced KLF5 levels when compared with healthy tissues. Together, these findings demonstrated the importance of KLF5 in protecting the intestinal epithelium against Th17-mediated immune and inflammatory responses. The mice described herein may serve as a potential model for human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Soma Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | | | | | | | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Informatics.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Ma L, Yu J, Zhang H, Zhao B, Zhang J, Yang D, Luo F, Wang B, Jin B, Liu J. Effects of Immune Cells on Intestinal Stem Cells: Prospects for Therapeutic Targets. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2296-2314. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tang Y, Feng M, Zhu X, Long J, Zhou Z, Liu S. WR-GLP2, a glucagon-like peptide 2 from hybrid crucian carp that protects intestinal mucosal barrier and inhibits bacterial infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 122:29-37. [PMID: 35085736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP2) is a proglucagon-derived peptide produced by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells. The main biological actions of GLP2 in mammals are related to regulating energy absorption and maintaining the morphology, integrity of intestinal mucosa. However, the in vivo function of fish GLP2 in intestinal barrier and immune defense is essentially unknown. With an aim to elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of GLP2 in fish, we in this study examined the function of GLP2 from hybrid crucian carp. Hybrid crucian carp GLP2 (WR-GLP2) possesses the conserved glucagon like hormones 2 domain. WR-GLP2 is mainly expressed in the intestine and is significantly upregulated after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. AB-PAS staining analysis showed WR-GLP2 significantly increased the number of goblet cells in intestine. WR-GLP2 induced significant inductions in the expression of the antimicrobial molecules (MUC2, Lyzl-1, Hepcidin-1 and LEAP-2) and tight junctions (ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-4). In addition, WR-GLP2 significantly alleviated the intestinal apoptosis, thereby enhancing host's resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Together these results indicate that WR-GLP2 is involved in intestinal mucosal barrier and immune defense against pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mengzhe Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xianyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jinjing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Lee D, Jo H, Go C, Jang Y, Chu N, Bae S, Kang D, Kim Y, Kang JS. The Roles of IL-22 and Its Receptor in the Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:757. [PMID: 35054942 PMCID: PMC8775345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is a potent mediator of inflammatory responses. The IL-22 receptor consists of the IL-22Rα and IL-10Rβ subunits. Previous studies have shown that IL-22Rα expression is restricted to non-hematopoietic cells in the skin, pancreas, intestine, liver, lung, and kidney. Although IL-22 is involved in the development of inflammatory responses, there have been no reports of its role in brain inflammation. Here, we used RT-PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry, immunohistochemical, and microarray analyses to examine the role of IL-22 and expression of IL-22Rα in the brain, using the microglial cell line, hippocampal neuronal cell line, and inflamed mouse brain tissue. Treatment of BV2 and HT22 cells with recombinant IL-22 increased the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin E2. We also found that the JNK and STAT3 signaling pathways play an important role in IL-22-mediated increases in inflammatory mediators. Microarray analyses revealed upregulated expression of inflammation-related genes in IL-22-treated HT22 cells. Finally, we found that IL-22Rα is spontaneously expressed in the brain and is upregulated in inflamed mouse brain. Overall, our results demonstrate that interaction of IL-22 with IL-22Rα plays a role in the development of inflammatory responses in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (D.L.); (H.J.); (C.G.); (Y.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Hyejung Jo
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (D.L.); (H.J.); (C.G.); (Y.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Cheolhyeon Go
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (D.L.); (H.J.); (C.G.); (Y.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Yoojin Jang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (D.L.); (H.J.); (C.G.); (Y.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Naghyung Chu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Suhyun Bae
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (D.L.); (H.J.); (C.G.); (Y.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Dongmin Kang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Yejin Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (D.L.); (H.J.); (C.G.); (Y.J.); (S.B.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (D.L.); (H.J.); (C.G.); (Y.J.); (S.B.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Parrish A, Boudaud M, Kuehn A, Ollert M, Desai MS. Intestinal mucus barrier: a missing piece of the puzzle in food allergy. Trends Mol Med 2021; 28:36-50. [PMID: 34810087 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergies has reached epidemic levels but the cause remains largely unknown. We discuss the clinical relevance of the gut mucosal barrier as a site for allergic sensitization to food. In this context, we focus on an important but overlooked part of the mucosal barrier in pathogenesis, the glycoprotein-rich mucus layer, and call attention to both beneficial and detrimental aspects of mucus-gut microbiome interactions. Studying the intricate links between the mucus barrier, the associated bacteria, and the mucosal immune system may advance our understanding of the mechanisms and inform prevention and treatment strategies in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Parrish
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Boudaud
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
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Fuenzalida C, Dufeu MS, Poniachik J, Roblero JP, Valenzuela-Pérez L, Beltrán CJ. Probiotics-Based Treatment as an Integral Approach for Alcohol Use Disorder in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:729950. [PMID: 34630107 PMCID: PMC8497569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.729950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity among adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) worldwide. Its clinical course ranges from steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis, progressing to more severe forms of liver damage, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of ALD is complex and diverse elements are involved in its development, including environmental factors, genetic predisposition, the immune response, and the gut-liver axis interaction. Chronic alcohol consumption induces changes in gut microbiota that are associated with a loss of intestinal barrier function and inflammatory responses which reinforce a liver damage progression triggered by alcohol. Alcohol metabolites such as acetaldehyde, lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein-adducts act as liver-damaging hepatotoxins and potentiate systemic inflammation. Additionally, ethanol causes direct damage to the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), provoking oxidative stress contributing to neuroinflammation. Overall, these processes have been associated with susceptibility to depression, anxiety, and alcohol craving in ALD. Recent evidence has shown that probiotics can reverse alcohol-induced changes of the microbiota and prevent ALD progression by restoring gut microbial composition. However, the impact of probiotics on alcohol consumption behavior has been less explored. Probiotics have been used to treat various conditions by restoring microbiota and decreasing systemic and CNS inflammation. The results of some studies suggest that probiotics might improve mental function in Alzheimer’s, autism spectrum disorder, and attenuated morphine analgesic tolerance. In this sense, it has been observed that gut microbiota composition alterations, as well as its modulation using probiotics, elicit changes in neurotransmitter signals in the brain, especially in the dopamine reward circuit. Consequently, it is not difficult to imagine that a probiotics-based complementary treatment to ALD might reduce disease progression mediated by lower alcohol consumption. This review aims to present an update of the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis in ALD, as well as to provide evidence supporting probiotic use as a complementary therapy to address alcohol consumption disorder and its consequences on liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Fuenzalida
- Laboratory of Inmunogastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Dufeu
- Laboratory of Inmunogastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Poniachik
- Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Roblero
- Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucía Valenzuela-Pérez
- Laboratory of Inmunogastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Science Faculty, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll Jenny Beltrán
- Laboratory of Inmunogastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Linares R, Francés R, Gutiérrez A, Juanola O. Bacterial Translocation as Inflammatory Driver in Crohn's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703310. [PMID: 34557484 PMCID: PMC8452966 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract responsible for intestinal lesions. The multifactorial etiology attributed to CD includes a combination of environmental and host susceptibility factors, which result in an impaired host–microbe gut interaction. Bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis, increased intestinal barrier permeability, and altered inflammatory responses in patients with CD have been described in the past. Those events explain the pathogenesis of luminal translocation of bacteria or its products into the blood, a frequent event in CD, which, in turn, favors a sustained inflammatory response in these patients. In this review, we navigate through the interaction between bacterial antigen translocation, permeability of the intestinal barrier, immunologic response of the host, and genetic predisposition as a combined effect on the inflammatory response observed in CD. Several lines of evidence support that translocation of bacterial products leads to uncontrolled inflammation in CD patients, and as a matter of fact, the presence of gut bacterial genomic fragments at a systemic level constitutes a marker for increased risk of relapse among CD patients. Also, the significant percentage of CD patients who lose response to biologic therapies may be influenced by the translocation of bacterial products, which are well-known drivers of proinflammatory cytokine production by host immune cells. Further mechanistic studies evaluating cellular and humoral immune responses, gut microbiota alterations, and genetic predisposition will help clinicians to better control and personalize the management of CD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Linares
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Oriol Juanola
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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Kondrashina A, Brodkorb A, Giblin L. Sodium butyrate converts Caco-2 monolayers into a leaky but healthy intestinal barrier resembling that of a newborn infant. Food Funct 2021; 12:5066-5076. [PMID: 33960994 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reliable in vitro model of the infant intestinal barrier is needed to study nutrient absorption and drug permeability specifically for this life stage. This study investigated the treatment of 20 day old differentiated Caco-2 monolayers with sodium butyrate at various concentrations (0-250 mM). Monolayer integrity, cytotoxicity, permeability and inflammatory response were tracked. An intestinal barrier model, with infant gut characteristics, was developed based on the treatment of mature monolayers with 125 mM sodium butyrate for 24 h. Such treatment was not cytotoxic but caused a stable transepithelial electrical resistance value of 408 ± 52 Ω cm2. The ratio of lactulose to mannitol transport across the intestinal barrier increased 1.79-fold. Redistribution of the tight junction proteins, occludin and ZO-1, in response to sodium butyrate treatment was visualized with immunofluorescence. Levels of the cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, although modestly increased did not indicate an inflammatory response by Caco-2 to sodium butyrate. This intestinal barrier demonstrated physiologically relevant transport rates for dairy protein of 0.01-0.06%, suggesting it may be used to track permeability of proteins in infant nutritional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kondrashina
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61C996, Ireland.
| | - Andre Brodkorb
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61C996, Ireland.
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61C996, Ireland.
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