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Chen H, Ren L, Yang Y, Long W, Lan W, Yang J, Fu H. Three-dimensional fluorescence combined with alternating trilinear decomposition and random forest algorithm for the rapid prediction of species, geographical origin and main components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao). Food Chem 2024; 444:138603. [PMID: 38330604 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) is a functional food whose quality varies significantly between distinct geographical sources owing to the influence of genetics and the geographical environment. This study employed three-dimensional fluorescence coupled with alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) and random forest (RF) algorithms to rapidly predict Gancao species, geographical origins, and primary constituents. Seven fluorescent components were resolved from the three-dimensional fluorescence of the ATLD for subsequent analysis. Results indicated that the RF model distinguished Gancao from various species and origins better than other algorithms, achieving an accuracy of 94.4 % and 88.9 %, respectively. Furthermore, the RF regressor algorithm was used to predict the concentrations of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid in Gancao, with 96.4 % and 95.6 % prediction accuracies compared to HPLC, respectively. This approach offers a novel means of objectively evaluating the origin of food and holds substantial promise for food quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengye Chen
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Lixue Ren
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yinan Yang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Wanjun Long
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Wei Lan
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100700, PR China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Chen X, Wu H, Li P, Peng W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang A, Li J, Meng F, Wang W, Su W. Unraveling the Mechanism of Xiaochaihu Granules in Alleviating Yeast-Induced Fever Based on Network Analysis and Experimental Validation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:475. [PMID: 38675434 PMCID: PMC11053540 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Xiaochaihu granules (XCHG) are extensively used to treat fever. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the potential of XCHG in mitigating yeast-induced fever and the underlying metabolic pathways. The chemical composition of XCHG was ascertained using ultra-fast liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), followed by integrated network analysis to predict potential targets. We then conducted experimental validation using pharmacological assays and metabolomics analysis in a yeast-induced mouse fever model. The study identified 133 compounds in XCHG, resulting in the development of a comprehensive network of herb-compound-biological functional modules. Subsequently, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes, including γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2)-saikosaponin C, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases (PTGS2)-lobetyolin, and NF-κB inhibitor IκBα (NFKBIA)-glycyrrhizic acid. Animal experiments demonstrated that XCHG reduced yeast-induced elevation in NFKBIA's downstream regulators [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8], inhibited PTGS2 activity, and consequently decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. XCHG also downregulated the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). These corroborated the network analysis results indicating XCHG's effectiveness against fever in targeting NFKBIA, PTGS2, and GABBR2. The hypothalamus metabolomics analysis identified 14 distinct metabolites as potential antipyretic biomarkers of XCHG. In conclusion, our findings suggest that XCHG alleviates yeast-induced fever by regulating inflammation/immune responses, neuromodulation, and metabolism modules, providing a scientific basis for the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of XCHG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Eltahir AOE, Lategan KL, David OM, Pool EJ, Luckay RC, Hussein AA. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Liquiritin and Other Phenolics from Glycyrrhiza glabra and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:95. [PMID: 38667552 PMCID: PMC11051159 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are the main phytochemical constituents of many higher plants. They play an important role in synthesizing metal nanoparticles using green technology due to their ability to reduce metal salts and stabilize them through physical interaction/conjugation to the metal surface. Six pure phenolic compounds were isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and employed in synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The isolated compounds were identified as liquiritin (1), isoliquiritin (2), neoisoliquiritin (3), isoliquiritin apioside (4), liquiritin apioside (5), and glabridin (6). The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV, zeta sizer, HRTEM, and IR and tested for their stability in different biological media. The phenolic isolates and their corresponding synthesized NP conjugates were tested for their potential in vitro cytotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in both normal and inflammation-induced settings, where inflammatory biomarkers were stimulated using lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. LPS, functioning as a mitogen, promotes cell growth by reducing apoptosis, potentially contributing to observed outcomes. Results indicated that all six pure phenolic isolates inhibited cell proliferation. The AuNP conjugates of all the phenolic isolates, except liquiritin apioside (5), inhibited cell viability. LPS initiates inflammatory markers by binding to cell receptors and setting off a cascade of events leading to inflammation. All the pure phenolic isolates, except isoliquiritin, neoisoliquiritin, and isoliquiritin apioside inhibited the inflammatory activity of RAW cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali O. E. Eltahir
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Kim L. Lategan
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of Western the Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (K.L.L.); (O.M.D.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Oladipupo M. David
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of Western the Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (K.L.L.); (O.M.D.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Edmund J. Pool
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of Western the Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (K.L.L.); (O.M.D.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Robert C. Luckay
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Noleto-Dias C, Farag MA, Porzel A, Tavares JF, Wessjohann LA. A multiplex approach of MS, 1D-, and 2D-NMR metabolomics in plant ontogeny: A case study on Clusia minor L. organs (leaf, flower, fruit, and seed). Phytochem Anal 2024; 35:445-468. [PMID: 38069552 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genus Clusia L. is mostly recognised for the production of prenylated benzophenones and tocotrienol derivatives. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to map metabolome variation within Clusia minor organs at different developmental stages. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total 15 organs/stages (leaf, flower, fruit, and seed) were analysed by UPLC-MS and 1H- and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC)-NMR-based metabolomics. RESULTS This work led to the assignment of 46 metabolites, belonging to organic acids(1), sugars(2) phenolic acids(1), flavonoids(3) prenylated xanthones(1) benzophenones(4) and tocotrienols(2). Multivariate data analyses explained the variability and classification of samples, highlighting chemical markers that discriminate each organ/stage. Leaves were found to be rich in 5-hydroxy-8-methyltocotrienol (8.5 μg/mg f.w.), while flowers were abundant in the polyprenylated benzophenone nemorosone with maximum level detected in the fully mature flower bud (43 μg/mg f.w.). Nemorosone and 5-hydroxy tocotrienoloic acid were isolated from FL6 for full structural characterisation. This is the first report of the NMR assignments of 5-hydroxy tocotrienoloic acid, and its maximum level was detected in the mature fruit at 50 μg/mg f.w. Seeds as typical storage organ were rich in sugars and omega-6 fatty acids. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a comparative 1D-/2D-NMR approach to assess compositional differences in ontogeny studies compared with LC-MS exemplified by Clusia organs. Results derived from this study provide better understanding of the stages at which maximal production of natural compounds occur and elucidate in which developmental stages the enzymes responsible for the production of such metabolites are preferentially expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Noleto-Dias
- Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Josean F Tavares
- Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Frański R. Comment on the "Eco-friendly and efficient extraction of polyphenols from Ligustrum robustum by deep eutectic solvent assisted ultrasound". Food Chem 2024; 437:137814. [PMID: 37879155 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Qin et al. have proposed an ecological and efficient method of extraction polyphenols from the leaves of Ligustrum robustum using eutectic solvents, assisted by ultrasounds. The authors tested a number of solvents, optimized the extraction parameters and explored the extraction mechanism. According to the results of biological activity experiments of the prepared Ligustrum robustum leaves extracts, they seem promising for practical applications. The issue which is disputable is the identification of the phenolic compounds by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, as described in details in this comment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Frański
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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El-Shabasy RM, F Eissa T, Emam Y, Zayed A, Fayek N, Farag MA. Valorization potential of Egyptian mango kernel waste product as analyzed via GC/MS metabolites profiling from different cultivars and geographical origins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2886. [PMID: 38311611 PMCID: PMC10838926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been given to mango (Mangifera indica) fruits owing to their characteristic taste, and rich nutritional value. Mango kernels are typically discarded as a major waste product in mango industry, though of potential economic value. The present study aims to outline the first comparison of different mango kernel cvs. originated from different localities alongside Egypt, e.g., Sharqia, Suez, Ismailia, and Giza. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) post silylation analysis revealed that sugars were the major class being detected at 3.5-290.9 µg/mg, with some kernels originating from Sharqia province being the richest amongst other cvs. In consistency with sugar results, sugar alcohols predominated in Sharqia cvs. at 1.3-38.1 µg/mg represented by ribitol, iditol, pinitol, and myo-inositol. No major variation was observed in the fatty acids profile either based on cv. type or localities, with butyl caprylate as a major component in most cvs. identified for the first time in mango. Regarding phenolics, Sedeeq cv. represented the highest level at 18.3 µg/mg and showing distinct variation among cvs. posing phenolics as better classification markers than sugars. Multivariate data analyses (MVA) confirmed that the premium cvs "Aweis and Fons" were less enriched in sugars, i.e., fructose, talose, and glucose compared to the other cvs. Moreover, MVA of Zabdeya cv. collected from three localities revealed clear segregation to be chemically distinct. Sharqia originated mango kernels were rich in sugars (e.g., glucose and fructose), whilst sarcosine esters predominated in other origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan M El-Shabasy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32512, Egypt
| | - Tarek F Eissa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Yossef Emam
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Nesrin Fayek
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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Goher SS, Aly SH, Abu-Serie MM, El-Moslamy SH, Allam AA, Diab NH, Hassanein KMA, Eissa RA, Eissa NG, Elsabahy M, Kamoun EA. Electrospun Tamarindus indica-loaded antimicrobial PMMA/cellulose acetate/PEO nanofibrous scaffolds for accelerated wound healing: In-vitro and in-vivo assessments. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128793. [PMID: 38134993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Tamarindus indica (T. indica)-loaded crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/cellulose acetate (CA)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrospun nanofibers were designed and fabricated for wound healing applications. T. indica is a plant extract that possesses antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimalarial and wound healing properties. T. indica leaves extract of different concentrations were blended with a tuned composition of a matrix comprised of PMMA (10 %), CA (2 %) and PEO (1.5 %), and were electrospun to form smooth, dense and continuous nanofibers as illustrated by SEM investigation. In vitro evaluation of T. indica-loaded nanofibers on normal human skin fibroblasts (HBF4) revealed a high compatibility and low cytotoxicity. T. indica-loaded nanofibers significantly increased the healing activity of scratched HBF4 cells, as compared to the free plant extract, and the healing activity was significantly enhanced upon increasing the plant extract concentration. Moreover, T. indica-loaded nanofibers demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity in vitro against the tested microbes. In vivo, nanofibers resulted in a superior wound healing efficiency compared to the control untreated animals. Hence, engineered nanofibers loaded with potent phytochemicals could be exploited as an effective biocompatible and eco-friendly antimicrobial biomaterials and wound healing composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa S Goher
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Suez Desert Road, El Sherouk City, Cairo 1183, Egypt
| | - Shaza H Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Shahira H El-Moslamy
- Bioprocess Development Department (BID), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ayat A Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Nadeen H Diab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut university, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Khaled M A Hassanein
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Rana A Eissa
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Noura G Eissa
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Elbadawy A Kamoun
- Polymeric Materials Research Dep., Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt; Biomaterials for Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11837, Egypt.
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Miricioiu MG, Ionete RE, Simova S, Gerginova D, Botoran OR. Metabolite Profiling of Conifer Needles: Tracing Pollution and Climate Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14986. [PMID: 37834434 PMCID: PMC10573700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of escalating environmental challenges, understanding the intricate relationship between plant metabolites, pollution stress, and climatic conditions is of paramount importance. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of metabolic variations generated through 1H and 13C NMR measurements in evergreen needles collected from different regions with varying pollution levels. Multivariate analyses were employed to identify specific metabolites responsive to pollution stress and climatic factors. Air pollution indicators were assessed through ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses. Our results revealed significant metabolic changes attributed to geographical origin, establishing these conifer species as potential indicators for both air pollution and climatic conditions. High levels of air pollution correlated with increased glucose and decreased levels of formic acid and choline. Principal component analysis (PCA) unveiled a clear species separation, largely influenced by succinic acid and threonine. Discriminant analysis (DA) confirmed these findings, highlighting the positive correlation of glucose with pollution grade. Beyond pollution assessment, these metabolic variations could have ecological implications, impacting interactions and ecological functions. Our study underscores the dynamic interplay between conifer metabolism, environmental stressors, and ecological systems. These findings not only advance environmental monitoring practices but also pave the way for holistic research encompassing ecological and physiological dimensions, shedding light on the multifaceted roles of metabolites in conifer responses to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gheorghe Miricioiu
- ICSI Analytics Group, National Research and Development Institute of Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies–ICSI Rm. Vâlcea, 4 Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania; (M.G.M.); (R.E.I.)
| | - Roxana Elena Ionete
- ICSI Analytics Group, National Research and Development Institute of Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies–ICSI Rm. Vâlcea, 4 Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania; (M.G.M.); (R.E.I.)
| | - Svetlana Simova
- Bulgarian NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad G. Bonchev” Street, Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Dessislava Gerginova
- Bulgarian NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad G. Bonchev” Street, Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Oana Romina Botoran
- ICSI Analytics Group, National Research and Development Institute of Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies–ICSI Rm. Vâlcea, 4 Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania; (M.G.M.); (R.E.I.)
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Mahrous RS, Fathy H, Ibrahim RS. Metabolic bioprofiling of different Glycyrrhiza glabra solvent fractions for the identification of anti-adenoviral compounds using LC-HRMS/MS and in-vitro cytopathic assay coupled with chemometry. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 37479993 PMCID: PMC10362705 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus type-7 (HAdV-7) is a common pathogen that may cause significant morbidity as well as severe complications. Currently, there is no approved drug for the treatment of HAdV-7 infections and the contemporary strategy mainly rely on nonspecific antivirals. Glycyrrhiza glabra; (licorice), is a well-recognized edible plant used in food and beverages. The plant is renowned for its pharmacological and biological activities including antiviral activities against wide range of viruses. The following study reported for the first time the anti-adenoviral activity of licorice extract using in-vitro cytopathic inhibitory assay. Different solvent fractions showed promising activity with IC50 reaching 1.431 μg/ml. Certain fractions had selectivity index (SI) greater than 10 indicating their efficacy together with relatively low cytotoxic effect. Metabolic profiling using LC-HRMS/MS resulted in identification of 41 compounds from licorice fractions. Chemometric modeling using Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures (OPLS) suggested the compounds; kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, violanthin, rhamnoliquiritin, isoliquiritigenin isomer, licoagroside B and liquiritin apioside as potential markers against (HAdV-7). Finally, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside was further confirmed via in-vitro adenovirus inhibitory assay to possess strong antiviral activity with IC50 and CC50 of 54.7 ± 1.93 μM and 655.7 ± 2.22 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Sr Mahrous
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1 el-Khartoum square Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Hoda Fathy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1 el-Khartoum square Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Reham S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1 el-Khartoum square Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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Elebeedy D, Ghanem A, Aly SH, Ali MA, Faraag AHI, El-Ashrey MK, salem AM, Hassab MAE, Maksoud AIAE. Synergistic antiviral activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Glycyrrhiza glabra against Herpes Simplex-1 Virus (HSV-1) and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV): experimental and In Silico insights. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:173. [PMID: 37391715 PMCID: PMC10311774 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of different viral infections calls for the development of new, effective, and safe antiviral drugs. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a well-known herbal remedy possessing antiviral properties. OBJECTIVE The objective of our research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly developed combination of the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and G. glabra root extract against two viral models, namely the DNA virus Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and the RNA virus Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), with regards to their antiviral properties. METHODOLOGY To examine the antiviral impacts of various treatments, we employed the MTT assay and real-time PCR methodology. RESULTS The findings of our study indicate that the co-administration of L. acidophilus and G. glabra resulted in a significant improvement in the survival rate of Vero cells, while also leading to a reduction in the titers of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in comparison to cells that were not treated. Additionally, an investigation was conducted on glycyrrhizin, the primary constituent of G. glabra extract, utilizing molecular docking techniques. The results indicated that glycyrrhizin exhibited a greater binding energy score for HSV-1 polymerase (- 22.45 kcal/mol) and VSV nucleocapsid (- 19.77 kcal/mol) in comparison to the cocrystallized ligand (- 13.31 and - 11.44 kcal/mol, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The combination of L. acidophilus and G. glabra extract can be used to develop a new, natural antiviral agent that is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Elebeedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aml Ghanem
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829 Cairo Egypt
| | - Shaza H. Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. I. Faraag
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829 Cairo Egypt
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795 Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. El-Ashrey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman Inter-National University, Ras Sudr, Egypt
| | - Aya M. salem
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman Inter-National University, Ras Sudr, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Monufia, Egypt
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Ghica A, Drumea V, Moroșan A, Mihaiescu DE, Costea L, Luță EA, Mihai DP, Balaci DT, Fița AC, Olaru OT, Boscencu R, Gîrd CE. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potential of Selected Extracts from Betula alba var. pendula Roth., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and Avena sativa L. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2510. [PMID: 37447070 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to obtain, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant potential of some extracts obtained from the bark of Betula alba var. pendula Roth., the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and the green herb of the Avena sativa. The results revealed that the lowest IC50 value, determined by all three methods, was obtained for Betulae extractum (BE) (73.6 µg/mL-DPPH method, 11.2 µg/mL-ABTS method, and 58.7 µg/mL-FRAP method), followed by Liquiritiae extractum (LE) (805.6 µg/mL, 92.1 µg/mL, and 722 µg/mL) and Avenae extractum (1.13 mg/mL-DPPH method, 99.7 µg/mL-ABTS method, and 135.1 µg/mL-FRAP method). These results correlate with total polyphenols content (expressed in g tannic acid/100 g dry extract), with BE having more polyphenols than LE and AE (47.96 ± 9.7083 for BE, compared with 9.31 ± 0.9913 for LE and 40.55 ± 6.3715 for AE). The total flavonoid content (expressed as g rutoside/100 g dry extract) is similar for BE and LE (3.75 ± 0.3140 and 3.44 ± 0.3037) and smaller for AE (1.95 ± 0.0526). Therefore, Betulae extractum has the strongest antioxidant action, with an IC50 value very close to the standard used as a reference (ascorbic acid-16.5 μg/mL solution). The FT-ICR-MS analysis confirmed the presence of the major compounds in all three extracts. The antioxidant properties of the studied extracts were further supported by molecular docking experiments that revealed the potential of the analyzed phytochemicals to act as both noncovalent and covalent activators of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with promising benefits in treating various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Ghica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Biotehnos SA, Gorunului Street No. 3-5, 075100 Otopeni, Romania
| | - Veronica Drumea
- Biotehnos SA, Gorunului Street No. 3-5, 075100 Otopeni, Romania
| | - Alina Moroșan
- Department of Organic Chemistry "Costin Nenițescu", Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry "Costin Nenițescu", Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Costea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuela Alice Luță
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Paul Mihai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dalila Teodora Balaci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ancuța Cătălina Fița
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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He L, Kang Q, Zhang Y, Chen M, Wang Z, Wu Y, Gao H, Zhong Z, Tan W. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma: The popular occurrence of herbal medicine applied in classical prescriptions. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 37196671 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is a well-known herbal medicine with a wide range of pharmacological functions that has been used throughout Chinese history. This review presents a comprehensive introduction to this herb and its classical prescriptions. The article discusses the resources and distribution of species, methods of authentication and determination chemical composition, quality control of the original plants and herbal medicines, dosages use, common classical prescriptions, indications, and relevant mechanisms of the active content. Pharmacokinetic parameters, toxicity tests, clinical trials, and patent applications are discussed. The review will provide a good starting point for the research and development of classical prescriptions to develop herbal medicines for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianming Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Man Chen
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zefei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hetong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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13
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Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Mahmoud AMA, El-Tokhy FS, Mageed SSA, Almahli H, Al-Rashood ST, Binjubair FA, Hassab MAE, Eldehna WM, Singab AENB. Synergistic Effect of Sophora japonica and Glycyrrhiza glabra Flavonoid-Rich Fractions on Wound Healing: In Vivo and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072994. [PMID: 37049756 PMCID: PMC10096052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra and Sophora japonica (Fabaceae) are well-known medicinal plants with valuable secondary metabolites and pharmacological properties. The flavonoid-rich fractions of G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves were prepared using Diaion column chromatography, and the confirmation of flavonoid richness was confirmed using UPLC-ESI-MS profiling and total phenolics and flavonoids assays. UPLC-ESI-MS profiling of the flavonoid-rich fraction of G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves resulted in the tentative identification of 32 and 23 compounds, respectively. Additionally, the wound healing potential of topical preparations of each fraction, individually and in combination (1:1) ointment and gel preparations, were investigated in vivo, supported by histopathological examinations and biomarker evaluations, as well as molecular docking studies for the major constituents. The topical application of G. glabra ointment and gel, S. japonica ointment and gel and combination preparations significantly increase the wound healing rate and the reduction of oxidative stress in the wound area via MDA reduction and the elevation of reduced GSH and SOD levels as compared to the wound and Nolaver®-treated groups. The molecular docking study revealed that that major compounds in G. glabra and S. japonica can efficiently bind to the active sites of three proteins related to wound healing: glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β), matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Consequently, G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves may be a rich source of bioactive metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Alam Tumpa MA, Shohag S, Shakil Khan Shuvo, Ferdous J, Kajol SA, Aljohani ASM, Al Abdulmonem W, Rauf A, Thiruvengadam M. Insights into the promising prospect of medicinal chemistry studies against neurodegenerative disorders. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 373:110375. [PMID: 36739931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal chemistry is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates organic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, pharmacology, informatics, molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, and other disciplines. Additionally, it considers molecular factors such as the mode of action of the drugs, their chemical structure-activity relationship (SAR), and pharmacokinetic aspects like absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity. Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), which are defined by the breakdown of neurons over time, are affecting an increasing number of people. Oxidative stress, particularly the increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), plays a crucial role in the growth of various disorders, as indicated by the identification of protein, lipid, and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) oxidation products in vivo. Because of their inherent nature, most biological molecules are vulnerable to ROS, even if they play a role in metabolic parameters and cell signaling. Due to their high polyunsaturated fatty acid content, low antioxidant barrier, and high oxygen uptake, neurons are particularly vulnerable to oxidation by nature. As a result, excessive ROS generation in neurons looks especially harmful, and the mechanisms associated with biomolecule oxidative destruction are several and complex. This review focuses on the formation and management of ROS, as well as their chemical characteristics (both thermodynamic and kinetic), interactions, and implications in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Afroza Alam Tumpa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Shohag
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakil Khan Shuvo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saima Akter Kajol
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Farag MA, Elmetwally F, Elghanam R, Kamal N, Hellal K, Hamezah HS, Zhao C, Mediani A. Metabolomics in tea products; a compile of applications for enhancing agricultural traits and quality control analysis of Camellia sinensis. Food Chem 2023; 404:134628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Malfa GA, Pappalardo F, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Ronsisvalle S, Tomasello B, Bianchi S, Davì F, Spadaro V, Acquaviva R. Chemical, Antioxidant and Biological Studies of Brassica incana subsp. raimondoi (Brassicaceae) Leaf Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:1254. [PMID: 36770919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica incana subsp. raimondoi is an endemic taxon present in a restricted area located on steep limestone cliffs at an altitude of about 500 m a.s.l. in eastern Sicily. In this research, for the first time, studies on the phytochemical profile, the antioxidant properties in cell-free and cell-based systems, the cytotoxicity on normal and cancer cells by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay, and on Artemia salina Leach, were performed. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents of the leaf hydroalcoholic extract were spectrophotometrically determined. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis highlighted the presence of several phenolic acids, flavonoids, and carotenoids, while High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) identified various kaempferol and isorhamnetin derivatives. The extract exhibited different antioxidant properties according to the five in vitro methods used. Cytotoxicity by MTT assay evidenced no impact on normal human fibroblasts (HFF-1) and prostate cancer cells (DU145), and cytotoxicity accompanied by necrotic cell death for colon cancer cells (CaCo-2) and hepatoma cells (HepG2), starting from 100 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, respectively. No cytotoxic effects were detected by the A. salina lethality bioassay. In the H2O2-induced oxidative stress cell model, the extract counteracted cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and preserved non-protein thiol groups (RSH) affected by H2O2 exposure in HepG2 cells. Results suggest the potential of B. incana subsp. raimondoi as a source of bioactive molecules.
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Batiha GES, Tene ST, Teibo JO, Shaheen HM, Oluwatoba OS, Teibo TKA, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Garbee AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M. The phytochemical profiling, pharmacological activities, and safety of malva sylvestris: a review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:421-440. [PMID: 36418467 PMCID: PMC9898411 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02329-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Malva sylvestris is a plant commonly found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The leaves and flowers of this plant have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as cough, cold, diarrhoea, and constipation. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search for relevant material on the phytochemical profiling and pharmacologic activities of Malva sylvestris. The techniques used in phytochemical profiling and the pharmacologic activity of each compound were extracted from the included studies, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The phytochemical analysis of Malva sylvestris revealed that the leaves and flowers are the most commonly used parts of the plant and contain various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, mucilages, terpenoids, phenol derivatives, coumarins, sterols, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. These phytochemicals are responsible for the many pharmacological activities of Malva sylvestris, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, laxative, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties. This review has presented an overview of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and the cytotoxic effects of Malva sylvestris on different types of cancer cells. It has also summarised the work on developing copper oxide nanoparticles using Malva sylvestris leaf extract and its potential use in food and medicine. This review aims to highlight the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and safety of Malva sylvestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
| | - Stephano Tambo Tene
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - John Oluwafemi Teibo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 AlBeheira Egypt
| | - Oyerinde Samson Oluwatoba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriyiah University, Bagh-Dad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Garbee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriyiah University, Bagh-Dad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770 Australia ,AFNP Med, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Farag MA, Aboul Naser AF, Zayed A, Sharaf El-Dine MG. Comparative Insights into Four Major Legume Sprouts Efficacies for Diabetes Management and Its Complications: Untargeted versus Targeted NMR Biochemometrics Approach. Metabolites 2022; 13. [PMID: 36676988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the consumption of seed sprouts is gradually increasing as functional foods in the modern Western diet owing to their several nutritional and health benefits. The present study aims to investigate four major legume sprouts derived from faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens esculenta L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-greacum L.) for their antidiabetic activity and mitigation of associated complications, i.e., oxidative stress, liver dysfunction, and lipid metabolism, compared with glibenclamide. Biochemical results presented herein further showed that the four sprouts exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects (p < 0.05), with improvement in decreasing of blood glucose levels at different degrees and with faba bean sprout most active at 348% improvement, compared to 364.3% for glibenclamide. Further biochemometric analysis based on a comparison between targeted versus untargeted partial least square (PLS) and regression analyses revealed that faba bean sprouts’ richness in flavonoids was a determinant key factor for such efficacy. In addition, correlation with previously investigated NMR fingerprinting aided in pinpointing other active agents, such as betaine and L-DOPA. Furthermore, the effect on serum liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase; oxidative stress markers; and lipid profiles showed significant improvement, especially in the case of faba bean sprout. The study revealed the potential health benefits of legume sprouts in the treatment of diabetes and its associated complications, as well as the potential role of biochemometrics in active agents’ identification in such a complex matrix to be considered for other functional foods investigation.
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Pan C, Yan Y, Zhao D. The Fate and Intermediary Metabolism of Soyasapogenol in the Rat. Molecules 2022; 28. [PMID: 36615477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that soyasaponins are poorly absorbed in the GI tract and that soyasaponin aglycones or soyasapogenols are absorbed faster and in greater amounts than the corresponding soyasaponins. Therefore, it is important to understand the bioavailability of these compounds for the potential development of functional foods containing their components. In this paper, to investigate the metabolic characteristics of soyasapogenols A and B, the pharmacokinetic parameters in rats were determined via oral and intravenous administration. The liver metabolites of soyasapogenols were identified using UPLC-/Q-TOF-MS/MS, and their metabolic pathways were also speculated. The results show that, after oral administration, there was a bimodal phenomenon in the absorption process. Tmax was about 2 h, and soyasapogenol was completely metabolized 24 h later. The bioavailability of soyasapogenol was superior, reaching more than 60%. There were sixteen metabolites of soyasapogenol A and fifteen metabolites of soyasapogenol B detected in rat bile. Both phase I and II metabolic transformation types of soyasapogenols, including oxidation, dehydrogenation, hydrolysis, dehydration, deoxidization, phosphorylation, sulfation, glucoaldehyde acidification, and conjugation with cysteine, were identified. In addition, soyasapogenol A could be converted into soyasapogenols B and E in the metabolic process. These results suggest that it is feasible to use soyasapogenols as functional ingredients in nutraceuticals or food formulations.
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Jităreanu A, Trifan A, Vieriu M, Caba I, Mârțu I, Agoroaei L. Current Trends in Toxicity Assessment of Herbal Medicines: A Narrative Review. Processes (Basel) 2022; 11:83. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Even in modern times, the popularity level of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in therapy is still high. The World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the population in developing countries uses these types of remedies. Even though herbal medicine products are usually perceived as low risk, their potential health risks should be carefully assessed. Several factors can cause the toxicity of herbal medicine products: plant components or metabolites with a toxic potential, adulteration, environmental pollutants (heavy metals, pesticides), or contamination of microorganisms (toxigenic fungi). Their correct evaluation is essential for the patient’s safety. The toxicity assessment of herbal medicine combines in vitro and in vivo methods, but in the past decades, several new techniques emerged besides conventional methods. The use of omics has become a valuable research tool for prediction and toxicity evaluation, while DNA sequencing can be used successfully to detect contaminants and adulteration. The use of invertebrate models (Danio renio or Galleria mellonella) became popular due to the ethical issues associated with vertebrate models. The aim of the present article is to provide an overview of the current trends and methods used to investigate the toxic potential of herbal medicinal products and the challenges in this research field.
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Baky MH, Shamma SN, Khalifa MR, Farag MA. How Does Allium Leafy Parts Metabolome Differ in Context to Edible or Inedible Taxa? Case Study in Seven Allium Species as Analyzed Using MS-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010018. [PMID: 36676943 PMCID: PMC9866920 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genus Allium (F. Amaryllidaceae) includes a wide variety of edible foods widely consumed for their nutritive as well as health benefits. Seven Allium species, viz., chives, Egyptian leek, French leek, red garlic, white garlic, red onion, and white onion aerial parts were assessed for metabolome heterogeneity targeting both aroma and nutrients phytochemicals. A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed. Results revealed extensive variation in volatiles and nutrients profile among the seven Allium species represented by a total of 77 nutrients and 148 volatiles. Among edible Allium species, French leek encompassed high levels of nutrients, viz., sugars, fatty acids/esters, organic acids, and amino acids, compared to Egyptian leek. Sulfur aroma compounds appeared as the most discriminatory among Allium, taxa accounting for its distinct flavor. Furthermore, chemometric analysis of both datasets showed clear discrimination of the seven Allium species according to several key novel markers. This study provides the first comparative approach between edible and inedible aerial leafy parts of Allium species providing novel insight into their use as functional foods based on such holistic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa H. Baky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Samir N. Shamma
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Khalifa
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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22
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Shang Z, Liu C, Qiao X, Ye M. Chemical analysis of the Chinese herbal medicine licorice (Gan-Cao): An update review. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 299:115686. [PMID: 36067839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice, called Gan-Cao in China, is one of the most popular traditional herbal medicines. It is derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, and G. inflata. Licorice is recorded in the pharmacopoeias of China, Japan, US, and Europe. AIM This review updates research progress of licorice from the perspectives of chemical analysis, quality evaluation, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetic studies from 2009 to April 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both English and Chinese literatures were collected from databases including PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese). Licorice, extraction, structural characterization/identification, quality control, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics were used as keywords. RESULTS Newly developed analytical methods, including LC/UV, 2DLC, LC/MS, GC/MS, and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for chemical analysis of licorice were summarized. CONCLUSION This review provides a comprehensive summary on chemical analysis of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China; Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Li Y, Sun Y, Ren G, Jiang D, Liu C. Functional characterization and substrate promiscuity analysis of UDP-glucose dehydrogenases from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis). J Mol Struct 2022; 1265:133355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Avula B, Bae JY, Chittiboyina AG, Wang YH, Wang M, Zhao J, Ali Z, Brinckmann JA, Li J, Wu C, Khan IA. Chemometric analysis and chemical characterization for the botanical identification of Glycyrrhiza species (G. glabra, G. uralensis, G. inflata, G. echinata and G. lepidota) using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Zhao J, Wang M, Adams SJ, Lee J, Chittiboyina AG, Avula B, Ali Z, Raman V, Li J, Wu C, Khan IA. Metabolite variation and discrimination of five licorice (Glycyrrhiza) species: HPTLC and NMR explorations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 220:115012. [PMID: 36041397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of several Glycyrrhiza species are widely used as sweetening and flavoring agents in food, as well as important ingredients in formulations of traditional medicines. Five Glycyrrhiza species, G. uralensis, G. glabra, G. inflata, G. echinata, and G. lepidota, often share the name "licorice roots" in the botanicals' marketplace. Unfortunately, misidentification/mislabeling is very common due to their similarities in morpho-anatomical features. Significant metabolite alterations among the different Glycyrrhiza species and their hybrids have been reported, suggesting that the biological activities could vary with the licorice roots or products derived from different species. Development of simple, effective methods for species identification and differentiation is of key importance. In this study, 78 licorice samples were investigated using HPTLC and NMR as analytical tools. Significant metabolite variations were observed between the five species. The species-specific fingerprint patterns for the five Glycyrrhiza species were determined with HPTLC and NMR; then applied to the sample identification and discrimination. The results obtained from these two orthogonal analytical methods agreed with each other. Furthermore, the NMR signals and the species-specific constituents that made significant contributions to the differentiation of the five Glycyrrhiza species were confirmed based on the multivariate analysis of the NMR spectral data. Using the established OPLS-DA models, the classification of hybrids was evaluated and confirmed. The developed methods, particularly the HPTLC method with its simplicity and low cost, could be used as a rapid and reliable approach for the authentication of licorice species and quality control of licorice raw material and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, ARS. Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sebastian J Adams
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Joseph Lee
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Vijayasankar Raman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Botanical Review Team, Office of New Drug Product, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Charles Wu
- Botanical Review Team, Office of New Drug Product, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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26
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Alhusban M, Pandey P, Ahn J, Avula B, Haider S, Avonto C, Ali Z, Khan SI, Ferreira D, Khan IA, Chittiboyina AG. Computational Tools to Expedite the Identification of Potential PXR Modulators in Complex Natural Product Mixtures: A Case Study with Five Closely Related Licorice Species. ACS Omega 2022; 7:26824-26843. [PMID: 35936409 PMCID: PMC9352242 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genus Glycyrrhiza, comprising approximately 36 spp., possesses complex structural diversity and is documented to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities. Understanding and finding the mechanisms of efficacy or safety for a plant-based therapy is very challenging, yet it is crucial and necessary to understand the polypharmacology of traditional medicines. Licorice extract was shown to modulate the xenobiotic receptors, which might manifest as a potential route for natural product-induced drug interactions. However, different mechanisms could be involved in this phenomenon. Since the induced herb-drug interaction of licorice supplements via Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is understudied, we ventured out to analyze the potential modulators of PXR in complex mixtures such as whole extracts by applying computational mining tools. A total of 518 structures from five species of Glycyrrhiza: 183 (G. glabra), 180 (G. uralensis), 100 (G. inflata), 33 (G. echinata), and 22 (G. lepidota) were collected and post-processed to yield 387 unique compounds. Visual inspection of top candidates with favorable ligand-PXR interactions and the highest docking scores were identified. The in vitro testing revealed that glabridin (GG-14) is the most potent PXR activator among the tested compounds, followed by licoisoflavone A, licoisoflavanone, and glycycoumarin. A 200 ns molecular dynamics study with glabridin confirmed the stability of the glabridin-PXR complex, highlighting the importance of computational methods for rapid dereplication of potential xenobiotic modulators in a complex mixture instead of undertaking time-consuming classical biological testing of all compounds in a given botanical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alhusban
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jongmin Ahn
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Saqlain Haider
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Cristina Avonto
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Ponneganti S, Suryanarayana Murty U, Bagul C, Borkar RM, Radhakrishnanand P. Phyto-metabolomics of phlogacanthus thyrsiformis by using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and GC/QTOF-MS: Evaluation of antioxidant and enzyme inhibition potential of extracts. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Bing Q, Yongrui B, Shuai W, Tianjiao L, Xiansheng M. Rapid analysis of components in Qizhiweitong tablets and plasma after oral administration in rats by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS based on self-developed database. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5460. [PMID: 35903874 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Qizhiweitong is a famous traditional Chinese prescription medicine. It has been used to treat various stomach disorders, such as functional dyspepsia, chronic gastritis, and intestinal stress syndrome for a long time and gives favorable therapeutic effects in clinical settings. However, its chemical composition and possible bioactive components are not completely known. In the present study, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) and qualitatively analyzed the chemical composition of Qizhiweitong tablet extract and the absorbed prototype constituents along with corresponding metabolites in rat plasma following oral administration of Qizhiweitong tablet on the basis of our self-developed component database that was established accurately and rapidly. We detected a total of 119 compounds and 61 xenobiotics in the Qizhiweitong tablet, which included 32 prototypes and 28 metabolites. The results of the present study laid a solid foundation for quality marker screening and integrative pharmacology-based study on the Qizhiweitong tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bing
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Bao Yongrui
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Wang Shuai
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Multi-dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
| | - Li Tianjiao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Multi-dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
| | - Meng Xiansheng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Multi-dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
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29
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Farag MA, Abdelwareth A, Zayed A, Eissa TF, Dokalahy E, Frolov A, Wessjohann LA. A Comparative Metabolomics Approach for Egyptian Mango Fruits Classification Based on UV and UPLC/MS and in Relation to Its Antioxidant Effect. Foods 2022; 11:2127. [PMID: 35885370 PMCID: PMC9318453 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical climacteric fruit that encompasses a myriad of metabolites mediating for its nutritive value, unique taste, flavor, and medicinal uses. Egypt is among the top mango producers worldwide, albeit little characterization has been made toward its fruits’ chemical composition. This study aims to assess metabolites difference via comparative profiling and fingerprinting of Egyptian mango in context to its cultivar (cv.) type and/or growth province. To achieve such goal, hyphenated chromatographic techniques (UPLC/MS) and UV spectroscopy were employed and coupled to multivariate data analysis for Egyptian mango fruits’ classification for the first time. UPLC/MS led to the detection of a total of 47 peaks identified based on their elution times and MS data, belonging to tannins as gallic acid esters, flavonoids, xanthones, phenolic acids and oxylipids. UV/Vis spectra of mango fruits showed similar absorption patterns mostly attributed to the phenolic metabolites, i.e., gallic acid derivatives and phenolic acids showing λmax at ca. 240 and 270 nm. Modeling of both UPLC/MS and UV data sets revealed that cv. effect predominated over geographical origin in fruits segregation. Awees (AS) cv. showed the richest phenolic content and in agreement for its recognition as a premium cv. of mango in Egypt. Results of total phenolic content (TPC) assay revealed that AS was the richest in TPC at 179.1 mg GAE/g extract, while Langara from Ismailia (LI) showed the strongest antioxidant effect at 0.41 mg TE/g extract. Partial least square modeling of UV fingerprint with antioxidant action annotated gallates as potential contributor to antioxidant effect though without identification of exact moieties based on UPLC/MS. The study is considered the first-time investigation of Egyptian mango to aid unravel phytoconstituents responsible for fruits benefits using a metabolomics approach.
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Wang Y, Ma Y, Tao L, Zhang X, Hao F, Zhao S, Han L, Bai C. Recent Advances in Separation and Analysis of Saponins in Natural Products. SEPARATIONS 2022; 9:163. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9070163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To better control the quality of saponins, ensure their biological activity and clinical therapeutic effect, and expand the development and application of saponins, this paper systematically and comprehensively reviews the separation and analytical methods of saponins in the past decade. Since 2010, the electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, CNKI (National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI), Wanfang Med online, and other databases have been searched systematically. As a result, it is found that ionic liquids and high-performance countercurrent chromatography are the most popular extraction and separation techniques for saponins, and the combined chromatography technique is the most widely used method for the analysis of saponins. Liquid chromatography can be used in combination with different detectors to achieve qualitative or quantitative analysis and quality control of saponin compounds in medicinal materials and their preparations. This paper provides the latest valuable insights and references for the analytical methods and continued development and application of saponins.
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Wang KL, Yu YC, Chen HY, Chiang YF, Ali M, Shieh TM, Hsia SM. Recent Advances in Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice)-Containing Herbs Alleviating Radiotherapy- and Chemotherapy-Induced Adverse Reactions in Cancer Treatment. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060535. [PMID: 35736467 PMCID: PMC9227067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They also impose a large economic burden on patients, their families, and health insurance systems. Notably, cancers and the adverse reactions to their therapeutic options, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, dramatically affect the quality of life of afflicted patients. Therefore, developing approaches to manage chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced adverse reactions gained greater attention in recent years. Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), a perennial plant that is one of the most frequently used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, has been heavily investigated in relation to cancer therapy. Licorice/licorice-related regimes, used in combination with chemotherapy, may improve the adverse effects of chemotherapy. However, there is little awareness of licorice-containing herbs alleviating reactions to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or to other induced adverse reactions in cancer treatment. We aimed to provide a descriptive review, and to emphasize the possibility that licorice-related medicines could be used as an adjuvant regimen with chemotherapy to improve quality of life (QoL) and to reduce side effects, thus, improving compliance with chemotherapy. The experimental method involved searching different databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Wang Fang database, as of May 2022, to identify any relevant studies. Despite a lack of high-quality and large-scale randomized controlled trials, we still discovered the potential benefits of licorice-containing herbs from published clinical studies. These studies find that licorice-containing herbs, and their active ingredients, reduce the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and improve the QoL of patients. This comprehensive review will serve as a cornerstone to encourage more scientists to evaluate and develop effective Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions to improve the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Sex Hormonal Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food and Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Hussain H. Prof. Ludger Wessjohann: A Lifelong Career Dedicated to a Remarkable Service in "Natural Products Sciences". Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105440. [PMID: 35628250 PMCID: PMC9141945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a great honor and a pleasure for me to serve as Guest Editor for this Issue of the "International Journal of Molecular Sciences", dedicated to our mentor and colleague, Professor Dr [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Farag MA, Kabbash EM, Mediani A, Döll S, Esatbeyoglu T, Afifi SM. Comparative Metabolite Fingerprinting of Four Different Cinnamon Species Analyzed via UPLC-MS and GC-MS and Chemometric Tools. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092935. [PMID: 35566284 PMCID: PMC9104325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess metabolites heterogeneity among four major Cinnamomum species, including true cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and less explored species (C. cassia, C. iners, and C. tamala). UPLC-MS led to the annotation of 74 secondary metabolites belonging to different classes, including phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids, and lignans. A new proanthocyanidin was identified for the first time in C. tamala, along with several glycosylated flavonoid and dicarboxylic fatty acids reported for the first time in cinnamon. Multivariate data analyses revealed, for cinnamates, an abundance in C. verum versus procyandins, dihydro-coumaroylglycosides, and coumarin in C. cassia. A total of 51 primary metabolites were detected using GC-MS analysis encompassing different classes, viz. sugars, fatty acids, and sugar alcohols, with true cinnamon from Malaysia suggested as a good sugar source for diabetic patients. Glycerol in C. tamala, erythritol in C. iners, and glucose and fructose in C. verum from Malaysia were major metabolites contributing to the discrimination among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (T.E.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: +11-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.)
| | - Eman M. Kabbash
- Phytochemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Stefanie Döll
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am KleinenFelde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (T.E.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: +11-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.)
| | - Sherif M. Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (T.E.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: +11-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.)
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Bakr AF, Shao P, Farag MA. Recent advances in glycyrrhizin metabolism, health benefits, clinical effects and drug delivery systems for efficacy improvement; a comprehensive review. Phytomedicine 2022; 99:153999. [PMID: 35220130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a major active constituent of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) that is considered one of the oldest and most frequently employed botanicals in Chinese medicine and worldwide, with most effects attributed to its rich GL content. Structurally, GL a triterpene saponin that is widely used as a flavoring agent in foodstuffs and cosmetics, and also proposed for various clinical applications with a myriad of health benefits. Pharmacological and biological activities of GL include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities (in vitro and in vivo). Currently, there is no comprehensive review on GL biological effects and its action mechanisms. PURPOSE This review summarizes GL pharmacological actions from a molecular biology perception, presented on its metabolism and side effects based on in vitro, in vitro and clinical studies. Moreover, the potential of GL as a nanomedicine delivery system is also summarized. The progress in drug delivery research using GL presented herein is expected to provide a theoretical basis for developing other novel drugs formulations. METHODS A systematic review was carried out in several electronic databases (Science Direct, SpringerLink, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and Scopus), using the following key words: glycyrrhizin "AND" bioactivity "OR" clinic "OR" therapeutic "OR" drug delivery. This search included manuscripts published between 1989 and 2021. RESULTS 126 researches were selected and summarized in this review. The analysis of these studies indicated that GL has antiviral activity against different viruses. Further, GL efficiently suppressed the respiratory manifestations associated with COVID-19 by reducing the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that employed by the virus as an entry point. Otherwise, GL was found to induce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, and anticancer activity. Besides, diminution the particle size of GL to nanometer size significantly augments their action and biodistribution. CONCLUSION This article summarizes the pharmacological actions of GL. The potential of GL as a nanomedicine delivery system is also presented. Nevertheless, most studies reported provide no deep insight of GL health effects warranting for more future studies to elucidate its action mechanism and potential therapeutic benefits through preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa F Bakr
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Gamaa St., Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, China.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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Lin B, Guo S, Hong X, Jiang X, Li H, Li J, Guo L, Li M, Chen J, Huang B, Xu Y. Chemical Characterization and Metabolic Profiling of the Compounds in the Chinese Herbal Formula Li Chang Decoction by UPLC-QTOF/MS. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022; 2022:1322751. [PMID: 35463075 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1322751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Li Chang decoction (LCD), a Chinese medicine formula, is commonly used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinics. Purpose This study aimed to identify the major components in LCD and its prototype and metabolic components in rat biological samples. Methods The chemical constituents in LCD were identified by establishing a reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method. Afterwards, the rats were orally administered with LCD, and the biological samples (plasma, urine, and feces) were collected for further analyzing the effective compounds in the treatment of UC. Result A total of 104 compounds were discriminated in LCD, including 26 flavonoids, 20 organic acids, 20 saponins, 8 amino acids, 5 oligosaccharides, 5 tannins, 3 lignans, 2 alkaloids, and 15 others (nucleosides, glycosides, esters, etc.). About 50 prototype and 94 metabolic components of LCD were identified in biological samples. In total, 29 prototype components and 22 metabolic types were detected in plasma. About 27 prototypes and 96 metabolites were discriminated in urine, and 34 prototypes and 18 metabolites were identified in feces. Conclusion The flavonoids, organic acids, and saponins were the major compounds of LCD, and this study promotes the further pharmacokinetic and pharmacological evaluation of LCD.
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Otify AM, Serag A, Porzel A, Wessjohann LA, Farag MA. NMR Metabolome-Based Classification of Cymbopogon Species: a Prospect for Phyto-equivalency of its Different Accessions Using Chemometric Tools. FOOD ANAL METHOD. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cymbopogon species are widely distributed worldwide and known for their high essential oil content with potential commercial and medicinal benefits justifying for their inclusion in food and cosmetics. Most species received scant characterization regarding their full complement of bioactive constituents necessary to explain their medicinal activities. In this study, the metabolite profiles of 5 Cymbopogon species, C. citratus, C. flexuosus, C. procerus, C. martini, and C. nardus, were characterized via NMR-based metabolomics. The results of 13 shoot accessions revealed the identification and quantification of 23 primary and secondary metabolites belonging to various compound classes. Multivariate analyses were used for species classification, though found not successful in discrimination based on geographical origin. Nevertheless, C. citratus was found particularly enriched in neral, geranial, (E)-aconitic acid, isoorientin, and caffeic acid as the major characterizing metabolites compared to other species, while an unknown apigenin derivative appeared to discriminate C. martini. The high essential oil and phenolic content in C. citratus emphasizes its strong antioxidant activity, whereas (E)-aconitic acid accounts for its traditional use as insecticide. This study affords the first insight into metabolite compositional differences among Cymbopogon species. Moreover, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antidiabetic, and antioxidant compounds were identified that can be utilized as biomarkers for species authentication.
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Pradhan SK, Li Y, Gantenbein AR, Angst F, Lehmann S, Shaban H. Wen Dan Tang: A Potential Jing Fang Decoction for Headache Disorders? Medicines 2022; 9:medicines9030022. [PMID: 35323721 PMCID: PMC8955743 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chinese herbal medicine is considered relatively safe, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Wen Dan Tang (WDT), a Jing Fang ancient classical Chinese herbal formula with a broad indication profile has been used for several centuries in China to treat various illnesses. Question: Are there evidence-based clinical trials that show that WDT has a significant impact on the treatment of various diseases, especially in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH)? Methods: This study is based on an online database search using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, AcuTrials, Embase, Semantic Scholar, Jstor, internet research, and review of ancient and modern Chinese medical textbooks regarding WDT and its compounds. Results: There were no studies on WDT in migraine and TTH; therefore, this work gathers and describes data for every single compound in the formula. Conclusion: This study suggests that the bioactive compounds found in WDT composition show potential in treating patients with neurological, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and digestive disorders. Some coherence between WDT in headache reduction and improvements in the quality of life in patients with migraines and TTH could be evaluated, showing positive results of WDT in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K. Pradhan
- Research Department Rehaklinik, TCM Ming Dao, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland;
- Research Department, Swiss TCM Academy, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
- Research Department, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yiming Li
- Research Department Rehaklinik, TCM Ming Dao, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland;
- Research Department, Swiss TCM Academy, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
- Research Department, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Andreas R. Gantenbein
- Neurology & Neurorehabilitation Department Rehaklinik, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland;
| | - Felix Angst
- Research Department Rehaklinik, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland; (F.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Susanne Lehmann
- Research Department Rehaklinik, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland; (F.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Hamdy Shaban
- Department of Private Psychiatry Clinic of UPK, University Psychiatric Clinics, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
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Raletsena MV, Mdlalose S, Bodede OS, Assress HA, Woldesemayat AA, Modise DM. 1H-NMR and LC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Irrigated with Fly Ash Treated Acid Mine Drainage. Molecules 2022; 27:1187. [PMID: 35208975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR and LC-MS, commonly used metabolomics analytical platforms, were used to annotate the metabolites found in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) irrigated with four different treatments based on FA to AMD ratios, namely: control (0% AMD; tap water), 1:1 (50% AMD), 3:1 (75% AMD is 75% FA: AMD), and 100% AMD (untreated). The effects of stress on plants were illustrated by the primary metabolite shifts in the region from δH 0.0 to δH 4.0 and secondary metabolites peaks were prominent in the region ranging from δH 4.5 to δH 8.0. The 1:3 irrigation treatment enabled, in two potato cultivars, the production of significantly high concentrations of secondary metabolites due to the 75% FA: AMD content in the irrigation mixture, which induced stress. The findings suggested that 1:1 irrigation treatment induced production of lower amounts of secondary metabolites in all crops compared to crops irrigated with untreated acid mine drainage treatment and with other FA-treated AMD solutions.
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Cerulli A, Masullo M, Montoro P, Piacente S. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata) and Their Constituents as Active Cosmeceutical Ingredients. Cosmetics 2022; 9:7. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in plant extracts and natural compounds in cosmetic formulations is growing. Natural products may significantly improve cosmetics performance since they have both cosmetic and therapeutic-like properties, known as cosmeceutical effects. Glycyrrhiza genus, belonging to the Leguminosae family, comprises more than 30 species, widely distributed worldwide. The rhizomes and roots are the most important medicinal parts currently used in pharmaceutical industries and in the production of functional foods and food supplements. In the last few years, the interest in their potential activities in cosmetic formulations has greatly increased. Glycyrrhiza spp. extracts are widely implemented in cosmetic products for their good whitening effect. The biological effects of Glycyrrhiza extracts are especially ascribable to the occurrence of specialized metabolites belonging to the flavonoid class. This review focuses on the botany and the chemistry of the main investigated Glycyrrhiza spp. (G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata) along with their cosmeceutical activities categorized as skin anti-aging, photoprotective, hair care, and anti-acne. It has been highlighted how, along with Glycyrrhiza extracts, three main flavonoids namely licochalcone A, glabridin, and dehydroglyasperin C are the most investigated compounds. It is noteworthy that other molecules from licorice show potential cosmeceutical effects. These data suggest further investigations to clarify their potential value for cosmetic industries.
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Zhao J, Wang M, Saroja SG, Khan IA. NMR technique and methodology in botanical health product analysis and quality control. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114376. [PMID: 34656935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Botanicals have played an important role in maintaining human health and well-being throughout history. During the past few decades in particular, the use of botanical health products has gained more popularity. Whereas, quality, safety and efficacy concerns have continuously been critical issues due to the intrinsic chemical complexity of botanicals. Chemical analytical technologies play an imperative role in addressing these issues. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful and useful tool for the investigation of botanical health products. In this review, NMR techniques and methodologies that have been successfully applied to the research and development of botanical health products in all stages, from plants to products, are discussed and summarized. Furthermore, applications of NMR together with other analytical techniques in a variety of domains of botanical health products investigation, such as plant species differentiation, adulteration detection, and bio-activity evaluation, are discussed and illustrated with typical examples. This article provides an overview of the potential uses of NMR techniques and methodologies in an attempt to further promote their recognition and utilization in the field of botanical health products analysis and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Seethapathy G Saroja
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Resemann HC, Feussner K, Hornung E, Feussner I. A non-targeted metabolomics analysis identifies wound-induced oxylipins in Physcomitrium patens. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1085915. [PMID: 36704156 PMCID: PMC9871578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant oxylipins are a class of lipid-derived signaling molecules being involved in the regulation of various biotic and abiotic stress responses. A major class of oxylipins are the circular derivatives to which 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and its metabolite jasmonic acid (JA) belong. While OPDA and its shorter chain homologue dinor-OPDA (dnOPDA) seem to be ubiquitously found in land plants ranging from bryophytes to angiosperms, the occurrence of JA and its derivatives is still under discussion. The bryophyte Physcomitrium patens has received increased scientific interest as a non-vascular plant model organism over the last decade. Therefore, we followed the metabolism upon wounding by metabolite fingerprinting with the aim to identify jasmonates as well as novel oxylipins in P. patens. A non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to reconstruct the metabolic pathways for the synthesis of oxylipins, derived from roughanic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and arachidonic acid in wild type, the oxylipin-deficient mutants of Ppaos1 and Ppaos2, the mutants of Ppdes being deficient in all fatty acids harboring a Δ6-double bond and the C20-fatty acid-deficient mutants of Ppelo. Beside of OPDA, iso-OPDA, dnOPDA, and iso-dnOPDA, three additional C18-compounds and a metabolite being isobaric to JA were identified to accumulate after wounding. These findings can now serve as foundation for future research in determining, which compound(s) will serve as native ligand(s) for the oxylipin-receptor COI1 in P. patens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Christoph Resemann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Hornung
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ivo Feussner,
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Yao C, Qi L, Zhong F, Li N, Ma Y. An integrated chemical characterization based on FT-NIR, GC-MS and LC-MS for the comparative metabolite profiling of wild and cultivated agarwood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1188:123056. [PMID: 34871920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Agarwood is a well-known and precious traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely applied as drugs and spices for century. The large demand for this material has deeply stimulated the emergence of numerous cultivated products. However, it is difficult to distinguish wild agarwood from cultivated agarwood, and the chemical composition difference between them is not clear. In this study, an integrated method of Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography Quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS) was developed to explore chemical variation between wild and cultivated agarwood in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. Twenty-four wild and cultivated agarwood samples were collected from different regions. FT-NIR profiles were used to obtain the holistic metabolic characterization in combination with principal component analysis (PCA). A total of seventy-six and seventy-nine metabolites, including volatile components and 2-(2-phenethyl) chromones derivatives, were successfully identified by GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS, respectively. Thereafter, the orthogonal-partial least square method-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable importance in the projection (VIP) were used to screen potential characteristic chemical components (VIP > 1) in wild and cultivated agarwood, respectively. Finally, eight key chemical markers were putatively identified by two techniques to distinguish agarwood from different origins, which can be found that sesquiterpenes, aromatics, terpenoids, 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones of the flidersia type (FTPECs) and tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (THPECs) are the most important metabolites. Summary, this research presented a comprehensive metabolomic variation between wild and cultivated agarwood on the basis of a multi-technology platform, which laid a foundation for distinguishing the two ecotypes of agarwood and was conducive to the quality control of this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Luming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Furong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Schmid C, Mittermeier-Kleßinger V, Tabea Peters VC, Berger F, Kramler M, Heuberger H, Rinder R, Hofmann T, Gutjahr C, Dawid C. Quantitative Mapping of Flavor and Pharmacologically Active Compounds in European Licorice Roots ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) in Response to Growth Conditions and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Symbiosis. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:13173-13189. [PMID: 34723522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Application of a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MSMRM method enabled the simultaneous quantitation of 23 sweet-, licorice-, and bitter-tasting saponins in Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., different licorice plants and root compartments, processed licorice, as well as different Glycyrrhiza spp. The combination of quantitative data with sweet, licorice, and bitter taste thresholds led to the determination of dose-over-threshold factors to elucidate the sweet, licorice, and bitter impact of the individual saponins with and without mycorrhiza symbiosis to evaluate the licorice root quality. Aside from glycyrrhizin (1), which is the predominant sweet- and licorice-tasting saponin in all licorice samples, 20 out of 22 quantitated saponins contributed to the taste profile of licorice roots. Next to sweet-/licorice-tasting glycyrrhizin (1), 24-hydroxy-glycyrrhizin (9), 30-hydroxy-glycyrrhizin (11), and 11-deoxo-24-hydroxy-glycyrrhizin (14) as well as licorice tasting saponins 20α-galacturonic acid glycyrrhizin (17), 24-hydroxy-20α-glycyrrhizin (21), and 11-deoxo-glycyrrhizin (12) were determined as key contributors to licorice root's unique taste profile. A quantitative comparison of 23 saponins as well as 28 polyphenols between licorice roots inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and controls showed that important taste-mediating saponins were increased in mycorrhizal roots, and these alterations depended on the growth substrate and the level of phosphate fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Verena Mittermeier-Kleßinger
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Verena Christina Tabea Peters
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Marlene Kramler
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Heidi Heuberger
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Vöttinger Str. 38, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rudolf Rinder
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Vöttinger Str. 38, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Assar DH, Elhabashi N, Mokhbatly AAA, Ragab AE, Elbialy ZI, Rizk SA, Albalawi AE, Althobaiti NA, Al Jaouni S, Atiba A. Wound healing potential of licorice extract in rat model: Antioxidants, histopathological, immunohistochemical and gene expression evidences. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112151. [PMID: 34507115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a public health concern. Licorice gained a great attention for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which expand its valuable effects as a herbal medicine. In this study, we pointed out to the wound healing potential and the mechanism by which licorice alcoholic extract can modulate cutaneous wound healing through immune, antioxidant, histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular studies. 24 Wister rats were assigned into 3 groups (n = 8 each); control group, topical and oral supplied groups. Licorice extract administration significantly increased total and differential leucocyte counts, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, antioxidant biomarkers as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activities (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content with a notable reduction in oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, histopathological findings detected complete re-epithelialization with increasing collagen synthesis while IHC results revealed a significant enhancement in the expression of α-SMA, PDGFR-α, FGFR1 and Cytokeratin 14 in licorice treated groups compared with the control group. Licorice extract supplementation accelerated wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and collagen deposition through up-regulation of bFGF, VEGF and TGF-β gene expression levels compared with the control group. UPLC-PDA-MS/MS aided to authenticate the studied Glycyrrihza species and recognized 101 potential constituents that may be responsible for licorice-exhibited potentials. Based on our observations we concluded that licorice enhanced cutaneous wound healing via its free radical-scavenging potential, potent antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory actions. Therefore, licorice could be used as a potential alternative therapy for wound injury which could overcome the associated limitations of modern therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Nagwan Elhabashi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Abd-Allah A Mokhbatly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Amany E Ragab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Sally A Rizk
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Aishah E Albalawi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Norah A Althobaiti
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities-Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah 19247, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soad Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayman Atiba
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
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Shi J, Gao X, Zhang A, Qin X, Du G. Characterization of multiple chemical components of GuiLingJi by UHPLC-MS and 1H NMR analysis. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:460-469. [PMID: 35811626 PMCID: PMC9257439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
GuiLingJi (GLJ), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is composed of over 20 herbs, according to the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China. Owing to its various activities, GLJ has been used in clinical settings for more than 400 years in China. However, the ambiguous chemical material basis limits the development of studies on the quality control and pharmacological mechanisms of GLJ. Therefore, comprehensive characterization of the multiple chemical components of GLJ is of great significance for the modernization of this formula. Given the great variety of herbs in GLJ, both UHPLC-MS and 1H NMR techniques were employed in this study. In addition, solvent extraction with different polarities was used to eliminate signal interference and the concentration of trace components. A variety of MS analytic methods were also used, including implementation of a self-built compound database, diagnostic ion filtering, mass defect filtering, and Compound Discoverer 3.0 analysis software. Based on the above strategies, a total of 150 compounds were identified, including 5 amino acids, 13 phenolic acids and glycosides, 11 coumarins, 72 flavones, 20 triterpenoid and triterpenoid saponins, 23 fatty acids, and 6 other compounds. Moreover, 13 compounds were identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The UHPLC-MS and 1H NMR results supported and complemented each other. This strategy provides a rapid approach to analyzing and identifying the chemical composition of Chinese herbal prescriptions. The current study provides basis for further research on the quality control and pharmacological mechanism of GLJ. The integrated approach of UHPLC-MS and 1H NMR techniques coupled with polarity partition strategy has been used for comprehensively characterizing the multiple chemical components of GLJ. A variety of HRMS analytic methods used included self-built compounds database, diagnostic ions filtering, mass defect filtering, and software analysis for rapid identification the chemical components of GLJ. The 163 compounds including flavones, phenolic acids and glycosides, triterpenoid and triterpenoid saponins, coumarin, fatty acids, amino acids, organic acids, organic bases and sugars were rapidly identified, and to clarify the chemical material basis of GLJ. Established an analysis strategy which could be applied to other TCM formula for comprehensive characterization and identification of chemical components.
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Otify AM, Hammam AMM, Aly Farag M. Phoenix dactylifera L. date tree pollen fertility effects on female rats in relation to its UPLC-MS profile via a biochemometric approach. Steroids 2021; 173:108888. [PMID: 34237316 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is among the most ancient cultivated crops, of special value owing to its fruits high nutritive and economic benefits. Asides, date palm pollen is a high energy material that has been used traditionally used for fertility enhancement. In this study, effects of date palm pollen crude extract and its fractions viz., petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol on the female reproductive system were evaluated for the first time in relation to its metabolite fingerprint. Fertility activity was evaluated in immature female rats by assessing their FSH-, LH- and estrogen- activities. To pinpoint active hormonal agents in crude pollen extract and fractions, UPLC- MS analysis was employed for metabolites profiling, and in correlation to extract/fraction bioassays using multivariate OPLS analysis. Results revealed that both polar n-butanol and non-polar petroleum ether fractions exhibited the strongest activities; with a significant increase in FSH (25.7 mIU/ml in n-butanol group), estradiol (414.7 pg/ml in petroleum ether group) and progesterone levels (122.4 pg/ml in n-butanol group). Correlation between UPLC-MS and fraction bioassays was attempted using multivariate OPLS analysis to reveal for bioactive hits in these fractions. This study provides the first report on the fertility effect of date palm pollen in female rats and in relation to its metabolite fingerprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Otify
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Aly Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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Ibrahim N, Taleb M, Heiss AG, Kropf M, Farag MA. GC-MS based metabolites profiling of nutrients and anti-nutrients in 10 Lathyrus seed genotypes: A prospect for phyto-equivalency and chemotaxonomy. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Herrera-Bravo J, Belén LH, Kaur R, Kregiel D, Uprety Y, Beyatli A, Yeskaliyeva B, Kırkın C, Özçelik B, Sen S, Acharya K, Sharopov F, Cruz-Martins N, Kumar M, Razis AFA, Sunusi U, Kamal RM, Shaheen S, Suleria HAR. Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:7571132. [PMID: 34349875 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7571132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Glycyrrhiza genus, generally well-known as licorice, is broadly used for food and medicinal purposes around the globe. The genus encompasses a rich pool of bioactive molecules including triterpene saponins (e.g., glycyrrhizin) and flavonoids (e.g., liquiritigenin, liquiritin). This genus is being increasingly exploited for its biological effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. The species Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and the compound glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) have been studied immensely for their effect on humans. The efficacy of the compound has been reported to be significantly higher on viral hepatitis and immune deficiency syndrome. This review provides up-to-date data on the most widely investigated Glycyrrhiza species for food and medicinal purposes, with special emphasis on secondary metabolites' composition and bioactive effects.
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Jiang L, Akram W, Luo B, Hu S, Faruque MO, Ahmad S, Yasin NA, Khan WU, Ahmad A, Shikov AN, Chen J, Hu X. Metabolomic and Pharmacologic Insights of Aerial and Underground Parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. for Maximum Utilization of Medicinal Resources. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658670. [PMID: 34140890 PMCID: PMC8204184 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Glycyrrhiza spp. have been utilized in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. Non-traditional (aerial) parts constitute a large portion of the biomass of Glycyrrhiza plants and are mostly discarded after harvesting the roots and rhizomes. Through comparative phytochemical and anti-inflammatory activity analyses, this study explored the potential benefits of the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. as medicinal materials. First, a combined approach based on GC/MS and UHPLC-ESI-QTof MS analysis was adopted for the identification and quantitative examination of medicinally important compounds from G. uralensis. Additionally, a bioassay-guided fractioning of ethanolic extracts of G. uralensis leaf material was performed and its anti-inflammatory activity was tested. The aerial portion of G. uralensis was rich in medicinally important compounds. Two compounds (henicosane-1 and decahydroisoquinoline-2) were found to exert a significant anti-inflammatory effect, inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO and PGE2) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL6, and TNF-α), without exerting cytotoxic effects. Moreover, both compounds down-regulated iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression. These results suggest that non-traditional parts of G. uralensis are suitable sources of bioactive metabolites that can be explored for medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Waheed Akram
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Wuhan, China
| | - Biaobiao Luo
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mohammad Omar Faruque
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexander N Shikov
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebo Hu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Wuhan, China
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Wu P, Dong XM, Song GQ, Wei MM, Fang C, Zheng FB, Zhao YJ, Lu HQ, Cheng LH, Zhou JL, Xie T. Bioactivity-guided discovery of quality control markers in rhizomes of Curcuma wenyujin based on spectrum-effect relationship against human lung cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2021; 86:153559. [PMID: 33857848 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the diversity of the ingredients, the complexity of the mechanism of action, the uncertainty of the effective ingredients, coupled with the multiple species and multiple growing areas, the quality control (QC) of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) is challenging. Discovering and identifying effective compounds from the complex extracts of TCMs and then establishing a scientific QC method is the key to the holistic QC of TCMs. PURPOSE To develop an anti-lung-cancer-guided spectrum-effect relationship approach for the discovery of QC markers of the rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin (WEZ) and establish a bioactive compounds-based holistic QC method. METHODS The chemical profiling of the volatile oil (WVO) from 42 batches of WEZ collected from different growing areas was performed by GC-MS. The anti-lung cancer activity of different WVO samples was determined by CCK-8 assay against human lung cancer cells (A549). The apoptosis and cell cycle analysis under different concentrations of WVO were detected by flow cytometry. SIMCA-P software was used to perform multivariate statistical analysis on the chemical composition of different WVO samples and to find the different components. Active compounds were screened using a PLSR model of the spectrum-effect relationship. Bioactive compounds-based fingerprint and quantification of the leading bioactive compounds were developed by GC-MS and GC-FID, respectively. RESULTS Seventy-eight compounds were detected in WVO and 54 were successfully identified. The multivariate statistical analysis uncovered that WVO components and the anti-A549 activity of WVO at the concentration of 60 nl/ml differ greatly according to the origin of the plant. The WVO at the concentration of 60 nl/ml (IC50) increased A549 cells apoptosis significantly with late and early apoptosis of 15.61% and 7.80%, and the number of cells in the G2/M phase were also increased significantly under this concentration. The spectrum-effect relationship analysis revealed that 44 compounds were positively correlated with their activities, and the result was verified by A549 cell viability assay. Sixteen positively correlated compounds were further selected as QC markers according to their relative amount > 0.5% and anticancer activity. Finally, the 16 QC markers-based GC-MS fingerprint was established to holistically control the quality of WEZ, and a GC-FID method was developed for the quantification of leading bioactive compounds, β-elemene and β-caryophyllene. CONCLUSION Based on an anti-lung-cancer-guided spectrum-effect relationship approach, the bioactive compounds-based holistic QC method was successfully developed for WEZ, which could provide a valuable reference for the QC of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xue-Man Dong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Gao-Qian Song
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Can Fang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Fu-Bo Zheng
- Taoshan Town Government Service Center, Ruian 325215, China
| | - Yue-Ji Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Hua-Qiu Lu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Long-Hui Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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