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Baek YG, Lee YN, Cha RM, Park MJ, Lee YJ, Park CK, Lee EK. Research Note: Comparative evaluation of pathogenicity in SPF chicken between different subgroups of H5N6 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103289. [PMID: 38103528 PMCID: PMC10764262 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2014, periodic outbreaks of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) caused by clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAI virus (HPAIV) have resulted in huge economic losses in the Korean poultry industry. During the winter season of 2016-2017, clade 2.3.4.4e H5N6 HPAIVs classified into 5 subgroups (C1-5) were introduced into South Korea. Interestingly, it was revealed that the subgroup C2 and C4 viruses were predominantly distributed throughout the country, whereas detection of the subgroup C3 viruses was confined in a specific local region. In the present study, we conducted comparative evaluation of the pathogenicity of viruses belonging to subgroups C2 and C3 (H15 and HN1 strains) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, and further compared them with previously determined pathogenicity of subgroup C4 (ES2 strain) virus. The HN1 strain showed lower viral replication in tissues, less transmissibility, and higher mean chicken lethal dose than the H15 and ES2 strains in SPF chickens. Considering that the HN1 strain has a different NS gene segment from the H15 and ES2 strains, the reassortment of the NS gene segment likely affects their infectivity and transmissibility in chickens. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the genetic characteristics and pathogenic features of HPAIVs to effectively control their outbreaks in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Park
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Xu X, Chen Q, Tan M, Liu J, Li X, Yang L, Shu Y, Wang D, Zhu W. Epidemiology, evolution, and biological characteristics of H6 avian influenza viruses in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2151380. [PMID: 36440484 PMCID: PMC9788695 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2151380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
H6 avian influenza virus (AIV) is one of the most prevalent AIV subtypes in birds globally. To investigate the current situation and characteristics of H6 AIVs circulating in China, we analysed the epidemiology, genetic evolution and pathogenic features of this subtype. During 2000-2021, H6 subtype AIVs spread widely through Southern China and presented high host diversity. On analysing 171 H6 viruses isolated during 2009-2021, dynamic reassortments were observed among H6 and other co-circulating AIV subtypes, and these generated a total of 16 different genotypes. A few H6N6 strains possessed L226 and S228 mutations of hemagglutinin (H3 numbering), which may enhance the affinity of H6 viruses to human receptors. H6N6 viruses also exhibited divergent pathogenicity and growth profiles in vivo and in vitro. Some of the H6N6 viruses could infect mice without mammalian adaptation, and even caused death in this species. Therefore, our study demonstrated that the H6 AIVs posed a potential threat to human health and highlighted the urgent need for continued surveillance and evaluation of the H6 influenza viruses circulating in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Yuelong Shu School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Wenfei Zhu National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Tammiranta N, Isomursu M, Fusaro A, Nylund M, Nokireki T, Giussani E, Zecchin B, Terregino C, Gadd T. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infections in wild carnivores connected to mass mortalities of pheasants in Finland. Infect Genet Evol 2023;:105423. [PMID: 36889484 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has caused widespread mortality in both wild and domestic birds in Europe during 2020-2022. Virus types H5N8 and H5N1 have dominated the epidemic. Isolated spill-over infections in mammals started to emerge as the epidemic continued. In autumn 2021, HPAI H5N1 caused a series of mass mortality events in farmed and released pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in a restricted area in southern Finland. Later, in the same area, an otter (Lutra lutra), two red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and a lynx (Lynx lynx) were found moribund or dead and infected with H5N1 HPAI virus. Phylogenetically, H5N1 strains from pheasants and mammals clustered together. Molecular analyses of the four mammalian virus strains revealed mutations in the PB2 gene segment (PB2-E627K and PB2-D701N) that are known to facilitate viral replication in mammals. This study revealed that avian influenza cases in mammals were spatially and temporally connected with avian mass mortalities suggesting increased infection pressure from birds to mammals.
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Duong BT, Than DD, Ankhanbaatar U, Gombo-Ochir D, Shura G, Tsolmon A, Pun Mok CK, Basan G, Yeo SJ, Park H. Assessing potential pathogenicity of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N6) viruses isolated from Mongolian wild duck feces using a mouse model. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1425-1434. [PMID: 35451353 PMCID: PMC9154755 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2069515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Several novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIVs) A(H5N6) viruses were reported in Mongolia in 2020, some of which included host-specific markers associated with mammalian infection. However, their pathogenicity has not yet been investigated. Here, we isolated and evaluate two novel genotypes of A(H5N6) subtype in Mongolia during 2018–2019 (A/wildDuck/MN/H5N6/2018-19). Their evolution pattern and molecular characteristics were evaluated using gene sequencing and their pathogenicity was determined using a mouse model. We also compared their antigenicity with previous H5 Clade 2.3.4.4 human isolates by cross-hemagglutination inhibition (HI). Our data suggests that A/wildDuck/MN/H5N6/2018-19 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4h, and maintains several residues associated with mammal adaptation. In addition, our evaluations revealed that their isolates are less virulent in mice than the previously identified H5 human isolates. However, their antigenicity is distinct from other HPAIVs H5 clade 2.3.4.4, thus supporting their continued evaluation as potential infection risks and the preparation of novel candidate vaccines for their neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Tuan Duong
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Duc Duong Than
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | | | | | - Gansukh Shura
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Zaisan, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Chris Ka Pun Mok
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ganzorig Basan
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Zaisan, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Seon Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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5
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Lutz M, Schmierer J, Takimoto T. Host adaptive mutations in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A virus PA gene regulate translation efficiency of viral mRNAs via GRSF1. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1102. [PMID: 36253464 PMCID: PMC9576711 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian species are the major natural reservoir from which pandemic influenza A viruses can be introduced to humans. Avian influenza A virus genes, including the three viral polymerase genes, PA, PB1 and PB2, require host-adaptive mutations to allow for viral replication and transmission in humans. Previously, PA from the 2009 pH1N1 viral polymerase was found to harbor host-adaptive mutations leading to enhanced viral polymerase activity. By quantifying translation and mRNA transcription, we found that the 2009 pH1N1 PA, and the associated host-adaptive mutations, led to greater translation efficiency. This was due to enhanced cytosolic accumulation of viral mRNA, which was dependent on the host RNA binding protein GRSF1. Mutations to the GRSF1 binding site in viral mRNA, as well as GRSF1 knockdown, reduced cytosolic accumulation and translation efficiency of viral mRNAs. This study identifies a previously unrecognized mechanism by which host-adaptive mutations in PA regulate viral replication and host adaptation. Importantly, these results provide greater insight into the host adaptation process of IAVs and reveal the importance of GRSF1 in the lifecycle of IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lutz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jordana Schmierer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Toru Takimoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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6
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Yang F, Zhang X, Liu F, Yao H, Wu N, Wu H. Rapid emergence of a PB2 D701N substitution during adaptation of an H9N2 avian influenza virus in mice. Arch Virol 2022. [PMID: 35920981 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been isolated frequently from multiple avian species and, occasionally, from humans. To explore the potential molecular basis of cross-species transmission of H9N2 AIVs, an H9N2 AIV (A/chicken/Zhejiang/221/2016) was serially passaged in mouse lung. The results showed that the mouse-adapted H9N2 virus exhibited higher virulence and replicated more efficiently in mouse lung and liver. Whole-genome sequencing showed an amino acid substitution, D701N, in the PB2 protein, which is likely associated with the increased replicative ability of H9N2 virus in mice. The rapid emergence of adaptive substitutions indicates the necessity of continuous monitoring of H9N2 virus in poultry.
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7
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Khalil AM, Kojima I, Fukunaga W, Okajima M, Mitarai S, Fujimoto Y, Matsui T, Kuwahara M, Masatani T, Okuya K, Ozawa M. Improved method for avian influenza virus isolation from environmental water samples. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2889-e2897. [PMID: 35737749 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental water-targeted surveillance of migratory aquatic birds at overwintering sites is potentially one of the most effective approaches for understanding the ecology of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). In this study, we improved the method for AIV isolation from environmental water samples by making a minor modification to our previously reported process. We experimentally demonstrated that the AIV recovery efficiency of the modified method was 10-100-fold higher than that of the original method. This improved isolation method allowed us to isolate a considerably larger number of AIV isolates from environmental water samples collected at an overwintering site for tens of thousands of migratory aquatic birds in Japan during the 2018/19 winter season compared with those during previous winter seasons. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that AIVs of the same subtypes with multiple genetic constellations were circulating in a single overwintering site during a single winter season. These findings indicate that our improved isolation method contributes to enhance environmental water-targeted surveillance and to a better understanding of AIV ecology in migratory aquatic bird populations by monitoring ongoing AIV circulation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Isshu Kojima
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Fukunaga
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Misuzu Okajima
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sumire Mitarai
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsui
- Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee, Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee, Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan
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Ding L, Li J, Li X, Qu B. Evolutionary and Mutational Characterization of the First H5N8 Subtype Influenza A Virus in Humans. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060666. [PMID: 35745520 PMCID: PMC9227545 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. The H5N8 subtype has caused multiple outbreaks in poultry in Europe over the past few winters. During one recent outbreak in poultry in Astrakhan, workers on the farm were also infected. So far, little is known about how this virus evolves and adapts to infect humans. Here, we performed a time-resolved phylogenetic analysis of 129 HA sequences representing all 1891 available H5N8 viruses collected from 2010 to 2020. We also conducted a whole-genome scan on the human virus at the protein level. We found that H5N8 viruses have spilled over in 34 European countries during the flu season of 2020–2021. These viruses underwent two significant evolutionary steps during 2015–2016 and after 2018. Furthermore, we characterized a number of critical mutations in all viral proteins except PB1-F2, which contribute to increased virulence and avian-to-human adaptation. Our findings suggested that the accumulated mutations under evolution led to quantitative and qualitative changes, likely allowing the virus to spread to humans. Given that the H5N8 virus is co-circulating with other H5 viruses in Europe, the risk of a pandemic should not be underestimated. Continental surveillance and pandemic preparedness are to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310059, China;
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Bingqian Qu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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9
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Kou Z, Fan X, Li J, Shao Z, Qiang X. Using amino acid features to identify the pathogenicity of influenza B virus. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:50. [PMID: 35509019 PMCID: PMC9066401 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza B virus can cause epidemics with high pathogenicity, so it poses a serious threat to public health. A feature representation algorithm is proposed in this paper to identify the pathogenicity phenotype of influenza B virus. METHODS The dataset included all 11 influenza virus proteins encoded in eight genome segments of 1724 strains. Two types of features were hierarchically used to build the prediction model. Amino acid features were directly delivered from 67 feature descriptors and input into the random forest classifier to output informative features about the class label and probabilistic prediction. The sequential forward search strategy was used to optimize the informative features. The final features for each strain had low dimensions and included knowledge from different perspectives, which were used to build the machine learning model for pathogenicity identification. RESULTS The 40 signature positions were achieved by entropy screening. Mutations at position 135 of the hemagglutinin protein had the highest entropy value (1.06). After the informative features were directly generated from the 67 random forest models, the dimensions for class and probabilistic features were optimized as 4 and 3, respectively. The optimal class features had a maximum accuracy of 94.2% and a maximum Matthews correlation coefficient of 88.4%, while the optimal probabilistic features had a maximum accuracy of 94.1% and a maximum Matthews correlation coefficient of 88.2%. The optimized features outperformed the original informative features and amino acid features from individual descriptors. The sequential forward search strategy had better performance than the classical ensemble method. CONCLUSIONS The optimized informative features had the best performance and were used to build a predictive model so as to identify the phenotype of influenza B virus with high pathogenicity and provide early risk warning for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Kou
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xinyue Fan
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zehui Shao
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoli Qiang
- School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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10
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Duong BT, Bal J, Sung HW, Yeo SJ, Park H. Molecular Analysis of the Avian H7 Influenza Viruses Circulating in South Korea during 2018-2019: Evolutionary Significance and Associated Zoonotic Threats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112260. [PMID: 34835066 PMCID: PMC8623559 DOI: 10.3390/v13112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7, possessing the ability to mutate spontaneously from low pathogenic (LP) to highly pathogenic (HP) variants, are major concerns for enormous socio-economic losses in the poultry industry, as well as for fatal human infections. Through antigenic drift and shift, genetic reassortments of the genotypes pose serious threats of increased virulence and pathogenicity leading to potential pandemics. In this study, we isolated the H7-subtype AIVs circulating in the Republic of Korea during 2018–2019, and perform detailed molecular analysis to study their circulation, evolution, and possible emergence as a zoonotic threat. Phylogenetic and nucleotide sequence analyses of these isolates revealed their distribution into two distinct clusters, with the HA gene sharing the highest nucleotide identity with either the A/common teal/Shanghai/CM1216/2017, isolated from wild birds in Shanghai, China, or the A/duck/Shimane/2014, isolated from Japan. Mutations were found in HA (S138A (H3 numbering)), M1 (N30D and T215A), NS1 (P42S), PB2 (L89V), and PA (H266R and F277S) proteins—the mutations had previously been reported to be related to mammalian adaptation and changes in the virulence of AIVs. Taken together, the results firmly put forth the demand for routine surveillance of AIVs in wild birds to prevent possible pandemics arising from reassortant AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Tuan Duong
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (B.T.D.); (J.B.)
| | - Jyotiranjan Bal
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (B.T.D.); (J.B.)
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.S.); (S.-J.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Seon-Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.S.); (S.-J.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (B.T.D.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.S.); (S.-J.Y.); (H.P.)
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11
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Chen Y, Graf L, Chen T, Liao Q, Bai T, Petric PP, Zhu W, Yang L, Dong J, Lu J, Chen Y, Shen J, Haller O, Staeheli P, Kochs G, Wang D, Schwemmle M, Shu Y. Rare variant MX1 alleles increase human susceptibility to zoonotic H7N9 influenza virus. Science 2021; 373:918-922. [PMID: 34413236 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic avian influenza A virus (IAV) infections are rare. Sustained transmission of these IAVs between humans has not been observed, suggesting a role for host genes. We used whole-genome sequencing to compare avian IAV H7N9 patients with healthy controls and observed a strong association between H7N9 infection and rare, heterozygous single-nucleotide variants in the MX1 gene. MX1 codes for myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), an interferon-induced antiviral guanosine triphosphatase known to control IAV infections in transgenic mice. Most of the MxA variants identified lost the ability to inhibit avian IAVs, including H7N9, in transfected human cell lines. Nearly all of the inactive MxA variants exerted a dominant-negative effect on the antiviral function of wild-type MxA, suggesting an MxA null phenotype in heterozygous carriers. Our study provides genetic evidence for a crucial role of the MX1-based antiviral defense in controlling zoonotic IAV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Laura Graf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qijun Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Bai
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Philipp P Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Otto Haller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dayan Wang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. .,Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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12
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Abstract
In early 2013, human infections caused by a novel H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) were first reported in China; these infections caused severe disease and death. The virus was initially low pathogenic to poultry, enabling it to spread widely in different provinces, especially in live poultry markets. Importantly, the H7N9 low pathogenic AIVs (LPAIVs) evolved into highly pathogenic AIVs (HPAIVs) in the beginning of 2017, causing a greater threat to human health and devastating losses to the poultry industry. Fortunately, nationwide vaccination of chickens with an H5/H7 bivalent inactivated avian influenza vaccine since September 2017 has successfully controlled H7N9 avian influenza infections in poultry and, importantly, has also prevented human infections. In this review, we summarize the biological properties of the H7N9 viruses, specifically their genetic evolution, adaptation, pathogenesis, receptor binding, transmission, drug resistance, and antigenic variation, as well as the prevention and control measures. The information obtained from investigating and managing the H7N9 viruses could improve our ability to understand other novel AIVs and formulate effective measures to control their threat to humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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13
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Zhou L, Feng Z, Liu J, Chen Y, Yang L, Liu S, Li X, Gao R, Zhu W, Wang D, Shu Y. A single N342D substitution in Influenza B Virus NA protein determines viral pathogenicity in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:1853-1863. [PMID: 32746754 PMCID: PMC7473139 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1806005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Influenza B virus (IBV) is one of the most important human respiratory viruses: it causes approximately one-third of the global influenza-related disease burden each year. However, compared with the several pathogenicity-related molecular markers that have been identified for influenza A virus (IAV), little is known about potential IBV pathogenicity-related markers. Here, although the IBV strain B/Anhui-Tunxi/1528/2014 (AH1528/14) exhibited a more efficient replication ability in vitro and higher pathogenicity in vivo compared with IBV strain B/Anhui-Baohe/127/2015 (AH127/15), only three amino acids differences (HAA390E, NAN342D and PB1V212I) were observed among their full genomes. The contributions of each amino acid difference to the virus pathogenicity were further investigated. Compared with the wild type IBV virus rAH127, the recombinant virus harbouring a single substitution of HAA390E had a similar phenotype, whereas the recombinant virus harbouring PB1V212I replicated to a moderately higher titre in both MDCK cells and in mice. Notably, the virus harbouring NAN342D showed significantly better growth properties in MDCK cells and higher fatality rates in mice. In addition, the presence of NAN342D dramatically enhanced the viral neuraminidase activity. In conclusion, our study identified a novel IBV molecular marker, NAN342D, that could significantly increase the virulence of IBV in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Feng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suli Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongbao Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang D, Zhu W, Yang L, Shu Y. The Epidemiology, Virology, and Pathogenicity of Human Infections with Avian Influenza Viruses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a038620. [PMID: 31964651 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a global challenge, and future pandemics of influenza are inevitable. One of the lessons learned from past pandemics is that all pandemic influenza viruses characterized to date possess viral genes originating from avian influenza viruses (AIVs). During the past decades, a wide range of AIVs have overcome the species barrier and infected humans with different clinical manifestations ranging from mild illness to severe disease and even death. Understanding the mechanisms of infection in the context of clinical outcomes, the mechanism of interspecies transmission, and the molecular determinants that confer interspecies transmission is important for pandemic preparedness. Here, we summarize the epidemiology, virology, and pathogenicity of human infections with AIVs to further our understanding of interspecies transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102206, P.R. China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
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15
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Huang SW, Wang SF. The Effects of Genetic Variation on H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Pathogenicity. Viruses 2020; 12:E1220. [PMID: 33126529 DOI: 10.3390/v12111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the H7N9 avian influenza virus emerged in China in 2013, there have been five seasonal waves which have shown human infections and caused high fatality rates in infected patients. A multibasic amino acid insertion seen in the HA of current H7N9 viruses occurred through natural evolution and reassortment, and created a high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus from the low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) in 2017, and significantly increased pathogenicity in poultry, resulting in widespread HPAI H7N9 in poultry, which along with LPAI H7N9, contributed to the severe fifth seasonal wave in China. H7N9 is a novel reassorted virus from three different subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAVs) which displays a great potential threat to public health and the poultry industry. To date, no sustained human-to-human transmission has been recorded by the WHO. However, the high ability of evolutionary adaptation of H7N9 and lack of pre-existing immunity in humans heightens the pandemic potential. Changes in IAVs proteins can affect the viral transmissibility, receptor binding specificity, pathogenicity, and virulence. The multibasic amino acid insertion, mutations in hemagglutinin, deletion and mutations in neuraminidase, and mutations in PB2 contribute to different virological characteristics. This review summarized the latest research evidence to describe the impacts of viral protein changes in viral adaptation and pathogenicity of H7N9, aiming to provide better insights for developing and enhancing early warning or intervention strategies with the goal of preventing highly pathogenic IAVs circulation in live poultry, and transmission to humans.
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16
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Liu Z, Guo Y, Zhao L, Liu Q, Tian M, Huang N, Fan M, Yu M, Xia H, Ping J. Analysis of the circRNAs expression profile in mouse lung with H7N9 influenza A virus infection. Genomics 2020; 113:716-727. [PMID: 33049361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that can cause great mortality and economic loss worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that have been shown to have important functions in the regulation of biological processes. However, their functions during the influenza A virus infection process remain unclear. Herein, RNA sequencing technology was used to identify circRNAs expressed in mouse lungs during infection with H7N9/PB2-627 K/701D (H7N9/Wild-type) virus and PB2 mutant viruses (H7N9/PB2-627E/701D and H7N9/PB2-627E/701 N). We identified 7126 circRNAs at different genomic locations during H7N9 influenza virus and its mutant virus infections, of which 186 were differentially expressed. Enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed circRNAs were associated with the viral infection process. Our study shows that circRNA expression profiles were altered following H7N9 influenza A virus infection and the differentially expressed circRNAs may have an important immune-regulating function during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanna Guo
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lingcai Zhao
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingzheng Liu
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Miao Tian
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nan Huang
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Menglu Fan
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengqi Yu
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huizhi Xia
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jihui Ping
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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17
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Liu WJ, Li J, Zou R, Pan J, Jin T, Li L, Liu P, Zhao Y, Yu X, Wang H, Liu G, Jiang H, Bi Y, Liu L, Yuen KY, Liu Y, Gao GF. Dynamic PB2-E627K substitution of influenza H7N9 virus indicates the in vivo genetic tuning and rapid host adaptation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23807-23814. [PMID: 32873642 PMCID: PMC7519270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013267117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian-origin influenza viruses overcome the bottleneck of the interspecies barrier and infect humans through the evolution of variants toward more efficient replication in mammals. The dynamic adaptation of the genetic substitutions and the correlation with the virulence of avian-origin influenza virus in patients remain largely elusive. Here, based on the one-health approach, we retrieved the original virus-positive samples from patients with H7N9 and their surrounding poultry/environment. The specimens were directly deep sequenced, and the subsequent big data were integrated with the clinical manifestations. Unlike poultry/environment-derived samples with the consistent dominance of avian signature 627E of H7N9 polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2), patient specimens had diverse ratios of mammalian signature 627K, indicating the rapid dynamics of H7N9 adaptation in patients during the infection process. In contrast, both human- and poultry/environment-related viruses had constant dominance of avian signature PB2-701D. The intrahost dynamic adaptation was confirmed by the gradual replacement of 627E by 627K in H7N9 in the longitudinally collected specimens from one patient. These results suggest that host adaptation for better virus replication to new hosts, termed "genetic tuning," actually occurred in H7N9-infected patients in vivo. Notably, our findings also demonstrate the correlation between rapid host adaptation of H7N9 PB2-E627K and the fatal outcome and disease severity in humans. The feature of H7N9 genetic tuning in vivo and its correlation with the disease severity emphasize the importance of testing for the evolution of this avian-origin virus during the course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingcao Pan
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Peipei Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Xinfen Yu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoqiu Wang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and the HKU-Shenzhen Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China;
| | - George F Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, 518112 Shenzhen, China;
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
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18
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Feng Z, Zhu W, Yang L, Liu J, Zhou L, Wang D, Shu Y. Epidemiology and Genotypic Diversity of Eurasian Avian-Like H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses in China. Virol Sin 2021; 36:43-51. [PMID: 32638231 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) swine influenza virus (SIV) outside European countries was first detected in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong, SAR) of China in 2001. Afterwards, EA H1N1 SIVs have become predominant in pig population in this country. However, the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of EA H1N1 SIVs in China are still unknown. Here, we collected the EA H1N1 SIVs sequences from China between 2001 and 2018 and analyzed the epidemic and phylogenic features, and key molecular markers of these EA H1N1 SIVs. Our results showed that EA H1N1 SIVs distributed in nineteen provinces/municipalities of China. After a long-time evolution and transmission, EA H1N1 SIVs were continuously reassorted with other co-circulated influenza viruses, including 2009 pandemic H1N1 (A(H1N1)pdm09), and triple reassortment H1N2 (TR H1N2) influenza viruses, generated 11 genotypes. Genotype 3 and 5, both of which were the reassortments among EA H1N1, A(H1N1)pdm09 and TR H1N2 viruses with different origins of M genes, have become predominant in pig population. Furthermore, key molecular signatures were identified in EA H1N1 SIVs. Our study has drawn a genotypic diversity image of EA H1N1 viruses, and could help to evaluate the potential risk of EA H1N1 for pandemic preparedness and response.
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19
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Lee CY, An SH, Choi JG, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Kwon HJ. Rank orders of mammalian pathogenicity-related PB2 mutations of avian influenza A viruses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5359. [PMID: 32210274 PMCID: PMC7093554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The PB2 gene is one of the key determinants for the mammalian adaptation of avian influenza A viruses (IAVs). Although mammalian pathogenicity-related mutations (MPMs) in PB2 genes were identified in different genetic backgrounds of avian IAVs, the relative effects of single or multiple mutations on viral fitness could not be directly compared. Furthermore, their mutational steps during mammalian adaptation had been unclear. In this study, we collectively compared the effects of individual and combined MPMs on viral fitness and determined their rank orders using a prototypic PB2 gene. Early acquired mutations may determine the function and potency of subsequent mutations and be important for recruiting multiple, competent combinations of MPMs. Higher mammalian pathogenicity was acquired with the greater accumulation of MPMs. Thus, the rank orders and the prototypic PB2 gene may be useful for predicting the present and future risks of PB2 genes of avian and mammalian IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Young Lee
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee An
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Choi
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), GBST, Seoul National University, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Zhao Y, Sun F, Li L, Chen T, Cao S, Ding G, Cong F, Liu J, Qin L, Liu S, Xiao Y. Evolution and Pathogenicity of the H1 and H3 Subtypes of Swine Influenza Virus in Mice between 2016 and 2019 in China. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030298. [PMID: 32182849 PMCID: PMC7150921 DOI: 10.3390/v12030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are considered a “mixing vessel” that can produce new influenza strains through genetic reassortments, which pose a threat to public health and cause economic losses worldwide. The timely surveillance of the epidemiology of the swine influenza virus is of importance for prophylactic action. In this study, 15 H1N1, one H1N2, and four H3N2 strains were isolated from a total of 4080 nasal swabs which were collected from 20 pig farms in three provinces in China between 2016 and 2019. All the isolates were clustered into four genotypes. A new genotype represented by the H1N2 strain was found, whose fragments came from the triple reassortant H1N2 lineage, classical swine influenza virus (cs-H1N1) lineage, and 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus lineage. A/Sw/HB/HG394/2018(H1N1), which was clustered into the cs-H1N1 lineage, showed a close relationship with the 1918 pandemic virus. Mutations determining the host range specificity were found in the hemagglutinin of all isolates, which indicated that all the isolates had the potential for interspecies transmission. To examine pathogenicity, eight isolates were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c mice. The isolates replicated differently, producing different viral loadings in the mice; A/Swine/HB/HG394/2018(H1N1) replicated the most efficiently. This suggested that the cs-H1N1 reappeared, and more attention should be given to the new pandemic to pigs. These results indicated that new reassortments between the different strains occurred, which may increase potential risks to human health. Continuing surveillance is imperative to monitor swine influenza A virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Zhao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Fachao Sun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China; (T.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Shengliang Cao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Guofei Ding
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Fangyuan Cong
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Liting Qin
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China; (T.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Sidang Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yihong Xiao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Fu X, Huang Y, Fang B, Liu Y, Cai M, Zhong R, Huang J, Wenbao Q, Tian Y, Zhang G. Evidence of H10N8 influenza virus infection among swine in southern China and its infectivity and transmissibility in swine. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:88-94. [PMID: 31900060 PMCID: PMC6968645 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1708811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infection with a novel H10N8 influenza virus in humans was first described in China in December 2013, which raised concerns related to public health. This novel virus was subsequently confirmed to have originated from a live poultry market. However, whether this virus can infect other mammals remains unclear. In the present study, antibody specific for H10N8 influenza virus was detected in swine herds in southern China during serological monitoring for swine influenza virus. The pathogenicity and transmissibility of this H10N8 influenza virus to swine was examined. The results showed that swine are susceptible to infection with human-origin H10N8 influenza virus, which causes viral shedding, severe tissue lesions, and seroconversion, while infection with avian-origin H10N8 influenza virus causes only seroconversion and no viral shedding. Importantly, human-origin H10N8 influenza virus can inefficiently be transmitted between swine and cause seroconversion through direct contact. This study provides a new perspective regarding the ecology of H10N8 influenza virus and highlights the importance of epidemiological monitoring of the H10N8 influenza virus in different animal species, which will be helpful for preventing and controlling future infections by this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengkai Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruting Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wenbao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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22
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Zhu W, Feng Z, Chen Y, Yang L, Liu J, Li X, Liu S, Zhou L, Wei H, Gao R, Wang D, Shu Y. Mammalian-adaptive mutation NP-Q357K in Eurasian H1N1 Swine Influenza viruses determines the virulence phenotype in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:989-999. [PMID: 31267843 PMCID: PMC6609330 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1635873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been proposed that the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) swine influenza virus (SIV) is one of the most likely zoonotic viruses to cause the next influenza pandemic. Two main genotypes EA H1N1 viruses have been recognized to be infected humans in China. Our study finds that one of the genotypes JS1-like viruses are avirulent in mice. However, the other are HuN-like viruses and are virulent in mice. The molecular mechanism underlying this difference shows that the NP gene determines the virulence of the EA H1N1 viruses in mice. In addition, a single substitution, Q357K, in the NP protein of the EA H1N1 viruses alters the virulence phenotype. This substitution is a typical human signature marker, which is prevalent in human viruses but rarely detected in avian influenza viruses. The NP-Q357K substitution is readily to be occurred when avian influenza viruses circulate in pigs, and may facilitate their infection of humans and allow viruses also carrying NP-357K to circulate in humans. Our study demonstrates that the substitution Q357K in the NP protein plays a key role in the virulence phenotype of EA H1N1 SIVs, and provides important information for evaluating the pandemic risk of field influenza strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Zhu
- a National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Feng
- a National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- c School of Public Health (Shenzhen) , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- a National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- a National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Li
- a National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Suli Liu
- c School of Public Health (Shenzhen) , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- a National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hejiang Wei
- a National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Rongbao Gao
- a National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Dayan Wang
- a National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- a National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,c School of Public Health (Shenzhen) , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhu W, Dong J, Zhang Y, Yang L, Li X, Chen T, Zhao X, Wei H, Bo H, Zeng X, Huang W, Li Z, Tang J, Zhou J, Gao R, Xin L, Yang J, Zou S, Chen W, Liu J, Shu Y, Wang D. A Gene Constellation in Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Viruses May Have Facilitated the Fifth Wave Outbreak in China. Cell Rep 2019; 23:909-917. [PMID: 29669294 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2016-2017 epidemic of influenza A (H7N9) virus in China prompted concern that a genetic change may underlie increased virulence. Based on an evolutionary analysis of H7N9 viruses from all five outbreak waves, we find that additional subclades of the H7 and N9 genes have emerged. Our analysis indicates that H7N9 viruses inherited NP genes from co-circulating H7N9 instead of H9N2 viruses. Genotypic diversity among H7N9 viruses increased following wave I, peaked during wave III, and rapidly deceased thereafter with minimal diversity in wave V, suggesting that the viruses entered a relatively stable evolutionary stage. The ZJ11 genotype caused the majority of human infections in wave V. We suggest that the largest outbreak of wave V may be due to a constellation of genes rather than a single mutation. Therefore, continuous surveillance is necessary to minimize the threat of H7N9 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jie Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiyan Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Hejiang Wei
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Hong Bo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Zeng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Zi Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jianfang Zhou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Rongbao Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Li Xin
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Shumei Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Wenbing Chen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China.
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, P.R. China.
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24
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Zou X, Guo Q, Zhang W, Chen H, Bai W, Lu B, Zhang W, Fan Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhou F, Cao B. Dynamic Variation and Reversion in the Signature Amino Acids of H7N9 Virus During Human Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:586-594. [PMID: 29688498 PMCID: PMC6047446 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Signature amino acids of H7N9 influenza A virus play critical roles in human adaption and pathogenesis, but their dynamic variation is unknown during disease development. Methods We sequentially collected respiratory samples from H7N9 patients at different timepoints and applied next-generation sequencing (NGS) to the whole genome of the H7N9 virus to investigate the variation at signature sites. Results A total of 11 patients were involved, from whom 29 samples were successfully sequenced, including samples from multiple timepoints in 9 patients. Neuraminidase (NA) R292K, basic polymerase 2 (PB2) E627K, and D701N were the 3 most dynamic mutations. The oseltamivir resistance-related NA R292K mutation was present in 9 samples from 5 patients, including 1 sample obtained before antiviral therapy. In all patients with the NA 292K mutation, the oseltamivir-sensitive 292R genotype persisted and was not eliminated by antiviral treatment. The PB2 E627K substitution was present in 18 samples from 8 patients, among which 12 samples demonstrated a mixture of E/K and the 627K frequency exhibited dynamic variation. Dual D701N and E627K mutations emerged but failed to achieve predominance in any of the samples. Conclusions Signature amino acids in PB2 and NA demonstrated high polymorphism and dynamic variation within individual patients during H7N9 virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Beijing
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Respiratory, Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu
| | - Wei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu
| | - Wei Bai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghuai Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Beijing
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Beijing
| | - Yanyan Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Beijing
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Beijing
| | - Yeming Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Beijing
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Beijing
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Beijing
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25
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Shu Y, Song Y, Wang D, Greene CM, Moen A, Lee CK, Chen Y, Xu X, McFarland J, Xin L, Bresee J, Zhou S, Chen T, Zhang R, Cox N. A ten-year China-US laboratory collaboration: improving response to influenza threats in China and the world, 2004-2014. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:520. [PMID: 32326921 PMCID: PMC6696701 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) underscored the importance of influenza detection and response in China. From 2004, the Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USCDC) initiated Cooperative Agreements to build capacity in influenza surveillance in China.From 2004 to 2014, CNIC and USCDC collaborated on the following activities: 1) developing human technical expertise in virology and epidemiology in China; 2) developing a comprehensive influenza surveillance system by enhancing influenza-like illness (ILI) reporting and virological characterization; 3) strengthening analysis, utilization and dissemination of surveillance data; and 4) improving early response to influenza viruses with pandemic potential.Since 2004, CNIC expanded its national influenza surveillance and response system which, as of 2014, included 408 laboratories and 554 sentinel hospitals. With support from USCDC, more than 2500 public health staff from China received virology and epidemiology training, enabling > 98% network laboratories to establish virus isolation and/or nucleic acid detection techniques. CNIC established viral drug resistance surveillance and platforms for gene sequencing, reverse genetics, serologic detection, and vaccine strains development. CNIC also built a bioinformatics platform to strengthen data analysis and utilization, publishing weekly on-line influenza surveillance reports in English and Chinese. The surveillance system collects 200,000-400,000 specimens and tests more than 20,000 influenza viruses annually, which provides valuable information for World Health Organization (WHO) influenza vaccine strain recommendations. In 2010, CNIC became the sixth WHO Collaborating Centre for Influenza. CNIC has strengthened virus and data sharing, and has provided training and reagents for other countries to improve global capacity for influenza control and prevention.The collaboration's successes were built upon shared mission and values, emphasis on long-term capacity development and sustainability, and leadership commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Shu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Song
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Dayan Wang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Carolyn M. Greene
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Ann Moen
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - C. K. Lee
- On behalf of Emerging Disease Surveillance and Response (ESR), World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, Manila, Philippines
| | - Yongkun Chen
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Jeffrey McFarland
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Li Xin
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Suizan Zhou
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Nancy Cox
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
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Shibata A, Harada R, Okamatsu M, Matsuno K, Arita T, Suzuki Y, Shirakura M, Odagiri T, Takemae N, Uchida Y, Saito T, Sakoda Y, Osaka H. Characterization of a novel reassortant H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated from a poultry meat product taken on a passenger flight to Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:444-448. [PMID: 30674734 PMCID: PMC6451897 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new reassortant H7N3 avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated from a duck meat product that was illegally taken on board a passenger flight from China to Japan in March 2018. Sequencing
analysis revealed that the H7N3 isolate, A/duck/Japan/AQ-HE30-1/2018 (Dk/HE30-1) (H7N3), was a reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) that contained the haemagglutinin
(HA) gene of Chinese H7N9 HPAIV. Dk/HE30-1 (H7N3) possessed a novel polybasic sequence motif PEVPKRRRTAR/GLF at the HA cleavage site that has never previously been reported in H7 HPAIVs. The
HA antigenicity of Dk/HE30-1 (H7N3) slightly differed from that of H7N9 HPAIVs previously reported. These findings will help further our knowledge of the circulation and genetic evolution of
emerging AIVs in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shibata
- Exotic Disease Inspection Division, Laboratory Department, Animal Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokoname, Aichi 479-0881, Japan
| | - Rieko Harada
- Exotic Disease Inspection Division, Laboratory Department, Animal Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokoname, Aichi 479-0881, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomoko Arita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suzuki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takemae
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Yuko Uchida
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Takehiko Saito
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osaka
- Exotic Disease Inspection Division, Laboratory Department, Animal Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokoname, Aichi 479-0881, Japan
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Guo F, Li Y, Yu S, Liu L, Luo T, Pu Z, Xiang D, Shen X, Irwin DM, Liao M, Shen Y. Adaptive Evolution of Human-Isolated H5Nx Avian Influenza A Viruses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1328. [PMID: 31249566 PMCID: PMC6582624 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) H5N1, first identified in 1996, are highly pathogenic in domestic poultry and continue to occasionally infect humans. In this study, we sought to identify genetic changes that occurred during their multiple invasions to humans. We evaluated all available H5Nx AIV genomes. Significant signals of positive selection were detected in 29 host-shift branches. 126 parallel evolution sites were detected on these branches, including 17 well-known sites (such as T271A, A274T, T339M, Q591K, E627K, and D701N in PB2; A134V, D154N, S223N, and R497K in HA) that play roles in allowing AIVs to cross species barriers. Our study suggests that during human infections, H5Nx viruses have experienced adaptive evolution (positive selection and convergent evolution) that allowed them to adapt to their new host environments. Analyses of adaptive evolution should be useful in identifying candidate sites that play roles in human infections, which can be tested by functional experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Pu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xuejuan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongyi Shen,
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He L, Liu D, Hu J, Shi L, Liu J, Cai T, Shi L, Gu H, Zhao J, Wang X, Gu M, Hu S, Liu X, Hu Z, Liu X. Two novel reassortant high pathogenic H7N9 viruses isolated in Southern China in fifth wave shows internal genomic diversity and high virulence in chickens and ducks. J Infect 2018; 77:561-571. [PMID: 30391631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyu Cai
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwei Shi
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangyan Zhao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Xiao YL, Ren L, Zhang X, Qi L, Kash JC, Xiao Y, Wu F, Wang J, Taubenberger JK. Deep Sequencing of H7N9 Influenza A Viruses from 16 Infected Patients from 2013 to 2015 in Shanghai Reveals Genetic Diversity and Antigenic Drift. mSphere 2018; 3:e00462-18. [PMID: 30232169 PMCID: PMC6147129 DOI: 10.1128/mspheredirect.00462-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are a major public health concern, including annual epidemics, epizootic outbreaks, and pandemics. A significant IAV epizootic outbreak was the H7N9 avian influenza A outbreak in China, which was first detected in 2013 and which has spread over 5 waves from 2013 to 2017, causing human infections in many different Chinese provinces. Here, RNA from primary clinical throat swab samples from 20 H7N9-infected local patients with different clinical outcomes, who were admitted and treated at one hospital in Shanghai, China, from April 2013 to April 2015, was analyzed. Whole-transcriptome amplification, with positive enrichment of IAV RNA, was performed, all 20 samples were subjected to deep sequencing, and data from 16 samples were analyzed in detail. Many single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including ones not previously reported, and many nonsynonymous changes that could affect hemagglutinin head and stalk antibody binding epitopes were observed. Minor populations representing viral quasispecies, including nonsynonymous hemagglutinin changes shared by antigenically variant H7N9 clades identified in the most recent wave of H7N9 infections in 2016 to 2017, were also identified.IMPORTANCE H7N9 subtype avian influenza viruses caused infections in over 1,400 humans from 2013 to 2017 and resulted in almost 600 deaths. It is important to understand how avian influenza viruses infect and cause disease in humans and to assess their potential for efficient person-to-person transmission. In this study, we used deep sequencing of primary clinical material to assess the evolution and potential for human adaptation of H7N9 influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Xiao
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lili Ren
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John C Kash
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Xiao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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30
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Liu S, Zhu W, Feng Z, Gao R, Guo J, Li X, Liu J, Wang D, Shu Y. Substitution of D701N in the PB2 protein could enhance the viral replication and pathogenicity of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:75. [PMID: 29717109 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) swine influenza viruses (SIVs) have become predominant in pig populations in China and have recently been reported to have the most potential to raise the next pandemic in humans. The mutation D701N in the PB2 protein, which accounts for 31% of H1N1 SIVs, has previously been shown to contribute to the adaptation of the highly pathogenic H5N1 or H7N7 avian influenza viruses in mammals. However, little is known of the effects of this substitution on the EA H1N1 viruses. Herein, we investigated the contributions of 701N in the PB2 protein to an EA H1N1 SIV (A/Hunan/42443/2015(H1N1), HuN EA-H1N1), which had 701D in the PB2 protein. Our results found that viral polymerase activity, viral replication, and pathogenicity in mice were indeed enhanced due to the introduction of 701N into the PB2 protein, and the increased viral growth was partly mediated by the host factor importin-α7. Thus, substantial attention should be paid to the D701N mutation in pig populations.
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31
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Wen L, Chu H, Wong BHY, Wang D, Li C, Zhao X, Chiu MC, Yuan S, Fan Y, Chen H, Zhou J, Yuen KY. Large-scale sequence analysis reveals novel human-adaptive markers in PB2 segment of seasonal influenza A viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:47. [PMID: 29593225 PMCID: PMC5874250 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the adaptive strategies of influenza A viruses (IAVs) to human, we proposed a computational approach to identify human-adaptive mutations in seasonal IAVs, which have not been analyzed comprehensively. We compared representative PB2 sequences of 1425 avian IAVs and 2176 human IAVs and identified a total of 42 human-adaptive markers, including 28 and 31 markers in PB2 proteins of seasonal viruses H1N1 and H3N2, respectively. Notably, this comprehensive list encompasses almost all the markers identified in prior computational studies and 21 novel markers including an experimentally verified mutation K526R, suggesting the predictive power of our method. The strength of our analysis derives from the enormous amount of recently available sequences as well as the recognition that human-adaptive mutations are not necessarily conserved across subtypes. We also utilized mutual information to profile the inter-residue coevolution in PB2 protein. A total of 35 and 46 coevolving site pairs are identified in H1N1 and H3N2, respectively. Interestingly, 13 out of the 28 (46.4%) identified markers in H1N1 and 16 out of the 31 (51.6%) in H3N2 are embraced in the coevolving pairs. Many of them are paired with well-characterized human-adaptive mutations, indicating potential epistatic effect of these coevolving residues in human adaptation. Additionally, we reconstructed the PB2 evolutionary history of seasonal IAVs and demonstrated the distinct adaptive pathway of PB2 segment after reassortment from H1 to H3 lineage. Our study may provide clues for further experimental validation of human-adaptive mutations and shed light on the human adaptation process of seasonal IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bosco Ho-Yin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Chun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhui Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Lloren KKS, Lee T, Kwon JJ, Song MS. Molecular Markers for Interspecies Transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammalian Hosts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2706. [PMID: 29236050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a wide range of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have infected various mammalian hosts and continuously threaten both human and animal health. It is a result of overcoming the inter-species barrier which is mostly associated with gene reassortment and accumulation of mutations in their gene segments. Several recent studies have shed insights into the phenotypic and genetic changes that are involved in the interspecies transmission of AIVs. These studies have a major focus on transmission from avian to mammalian species due to the high zoonotic potential of the viruses. As more mammalian species have been infected with these viruses, there is higher risk of genetic evolution of these viruses that may lead to the next human pandemic which represents and raises public health concern. Thus, understanding the mechanism of interspecies transmission and molecular determinants through which the emerging AIVs can acquire the ability to transmit to humans and other mammals is an important key in evaluating the potential risk caused by AIVs among humans. Here, we summarize previous and recent studies on molecular markers that are specifically involved in the transmission of avian-derived influenza viruses to various mammalian hosts including humans, pigs, horses, dogs, and marine mammals.
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Imai M, Watanabe T, Kiso M, Nakajima N, Yamayoshi S, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Hatta M, Yamada S, Ito M, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Shirakura M, Takashita E, Fujisaki S, McBride R, Thompson AJ, Takahashi K, Maemura T, Mitake H, Chiba S, Zhong G, Fan S, Oishi K, Yasuhara A, Takada K, Nakao T, Fukuyama S, Yamashita M, Lopes TJS, Neumann G, Odagiri T, Watanabe S, Shu Y, Paulson JC, Hasegawa H, Kawaoka Y. A Highly Pathogenic Avian H7N9 Influenza Virus Isolated from A Human Is Lethal in Some Ferrets Infected via Respiratory Droplets. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:615-626.e8. [PMID: 29056430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low pathogenic H7N9 influenza viruses have recently evolved to become highly pathogenic, raising concerns of a pandemic, particularly if these viruses acquire efficient human-to-human transmissibility. We compared a low pathogenic H7N9 virus with a highly pathogenic isolate, and two of its variants that represent neuraminidase inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant subpopulations detected within the isolate. The highly pathogenic H7N9 viruses replicated efficiently in mice, ferrets, and/or nonhuman primates, and were more pathogenic in mice and ferrets than the low pathogenic H7N9 virus, with the exception of the neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant virus, which showed mild-to-moderate attenuation. All viruses transmitted among ferrets via respiratory droplets, and the neuraminidase-sensitive variant killed several of the infected and exposed animals. Neuraminidase inhibitors showed limited effectiveness against these viruses in vivo, but the viruses were susceptible to a polymerase inhibitor. These results suggest that the highly pathogenic H7N9 virus has pandemic potential and should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Imai
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masato Hatta
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakai-Tagawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Ryan McBride
- Departments of Molecular Medicine & Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine & Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tadashi Maemura
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Mitake
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shiho Chiba
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Gongxun Zhong
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Shufang Fan
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Kohei Oishi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takada
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakao
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuyama
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tiago J S Lopes
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine & Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Chen TH, Liu YY, Jan JT, Huang MH, Spearman M, Butler M, Wu SC. Recombinant hemagglutinin proteins formulated in a novel PELC/CpG adjuvant for H7N9 subunit vaccine development. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:213-220. [PMID: 28947234 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans infected with H7N9 avian influenza viruses can result in severe pneumonia and acute respiratory syndrome with an approximately 40% mortality rate, and there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine to reduce its pandemic potential. In this study, we used a novel PELC/CpG adjuvant for recombinant H7HA (rH7HA) subunit vaccine development. After immunizing BALB/c mice intramuscularly, rH7HA proteins formulated in this adjuvant instead of an alum adjuvant elicited higher IgG, hemagglutination-inhibition, and virus neutralizing antibodies in sera; induced higher numbers of H7HA-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells and antibody secreting cells in spleen; and provided improved protection against live virus challenges. Our results indicate that rH7HA proteins formulated in PELC/CpG adjuvant can induce potent anti-H7N9 immunity that may provide useful information for H7N9 subunit vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Maureen Spearman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Chin AWH, Leong NKC, Nicholls JM, Poon LLM. Characterization of influenza A viruses with polymorphism in PB2 residues 701 and 702. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11361. [PMID: 28900145 PMCID: PMC5595998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The 701 and 702 positions of influenza PB2 polymerase subunit are previously shown to have roles on host range. Limited polymorphisms at these two residues are identified in natural isolates, thereby limiting the study of their role in the polymerase. In this study, we generated 31 viable viruses by random mutagenesis at this region, indicating that these positions can tolerate a wide range of amino acids. These mutants demonstrated varying polymerase activities and viral replication rates in mammalian and avian cells. Notably, some mutants displayed enhanced polymerase activity, yet their replication kinetics were comparable to the wild-type virus. Surface electrostatic charge predication on the PB2 structural model revealed that the viral polymerase activity in mammalian cells generally increases as this region becomes more positively charged. One of the mutants (701A/702E) showed much reduced pathogenicity in mice while others had a pathogenicity similar to the wild-type level. Distinct tissue tropisms of the PB2-701/702 mutants were observed in infected chicken embryos. Overall, this study demonstrates that the PB2-701/702 region has a high degree of sequence plasticity and sequence changes in this region can alter virus phenotypes in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W H Chin
- Centre of Influenza Research & School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nathaniel K C Leong
- Centre of Influenza Research & School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John M Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- Centre of Influenza Research & School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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36
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Lee CY, An SH, Kim I, Go DM, Kim DY, Choi JG, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Kwon HJ. Prerequisites for the acquisition of mammalian pathogenicity by influenza A virus with a prototypic avian PB2 gene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10205. [PMID: 28860593 PMCID: PMC5579056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerase of avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a heterotrimer composed of PB2, PB1, and PA. PB2 plays a role in overcoming the host barrier; however, the genetic prerequisites for avian PB2 to acquire mammalian pathogenic mutations have not been well elucidated. Previously, we identified a prototypic avian PB2 that conferred non-replicative and non-pathogenic traits to a PR8-derived recombinant virus when it was used to infect mice. Here, we demonstrated that key amino acid mutations (I66M, I109V, and I133V, collectively referred to as MVV) of this prototypic avian PB2 increase the replication efficiency of recombinant PR8 virus carrying the mutated PB2 in both avian and mammalian hosts. The MVV mutations caused no weight loss in mice, but they did allow replication in infected lungs, and the viruses acquired fatal mammalian pathogenic mutations such as Q591R/K, E627K, or D701N in the infected lungs. The MVV mutations are located at the interfaces of the trimer and are predicted to increase the strength of this structure. Thus, gaining MVV mutations might be the first step for AIV to acquire mammalian pathogenicity. These results provide new insights into the evolution of AIV in birds and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Young Lee
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee An
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhwan Kim
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Health, KCDC, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Min Go
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Choi
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Laboratory of Poultry Production Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), GBST, Seoul National University, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Zhang H, Liu M, Zeng X, Zhao X, Deng Z, Yang L, Chen W, Li Z, Jiao M, Xia W, Han B, Chen H, Shu Y, Wang D. Identification of a novel reassortant A (H9N6) virus in live poultry markets in Poyang Lake region, China. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3681-90. [PMID: 28840439 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Live poultry markets (LPM) are one of the most important sources of human infection with avian influenza virus (AIV). During our routine surveillance of AIV, we identified an H9N6 virus (JX-H9N6) in a LPM in Nanchang city, Jiangxi Province, China. Using Bayesian coalescent analysis, it was predicted that JX-H9N6 had originated from a reassortment event between H9N2 and H6N6 AIVs in early 2014, instead of being derived from an H9N6 virus reported previously. Mutations in HA, PB1, PA, M, and NS protein, which could increase mammalian transmission and virulence, were also detected. Currently, both H9N2 and H6N6 AIVs are widely distributed in poultry and contribute to the generation of novel reassortant viruses causing human infection. Our findings highlight the importance of enhanced surveillance in birds for early prediction of human infections.
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Zhu W, Wang C, Wang BZ. From Variation of Influenza Viral Proteins to Vaccine Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071554. [PMID: 28718801 PMCID: PMC5536042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent influenza epidemics and occasional pandemics are one of the most important global public health concerns and are major causes of human morbidity and mortality. Influenza viruses can evolve through antigen drift and shift to overcome the barriers of human immunity, leading to host adaption and transmission. Mechanisms underlying this viral evolution are gradually being elucidated. Vaccination is an effective method for the prevention of influenza virus infection. However, the emergence of novel viruses, including the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1), the avian influenza A virus (H7N9), and the highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAI H5N1), that have infected human populations frequently in recent years reveals the tremendous challenges to the current influenza vaccine strategy. A better vaccine that provides protection against a wide spectrum of various influenza viruses and long-lasting immunity is urgently required. Here, we review the evolutionary changes of several important influenza proteins and the influence of these changes on viral antigenicity, host adaption, and viral pathogenicity. Furthermore, we discuss the development of a potent universal influenza vaccine based on this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Yu Z, Sun W, Zhang X, Cheng K, Zhao C, Xia X, Gao Y. Rapid acquisition adaptive amino acid substitutions involved in the virulence enhancement of an H1N2 avian influenza virus in mice. Vet Microbiol 2017; 207:97-102. [PMID: 28757046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although H1N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) only infect birds, documented cases of swine infection with H1N2 influenza viruses suggest this subtype AIV may pose a potential threat to mammals. Here, we generated mouse-adapted variants of a H1N2 AIV to identify adaptive changes that increased virulence in mammals. MLD50 of the variants were reduced >1000-fold compared to the parental virus. Variants displayed enhanced replication in vitro and in vivo, and replicate in extrapulmonary organs. These data show that enhanced replication capacity and expanded tissue tropism may increase the virulence of H1N2 AIV in mice. Sequence analysis revealed multiple amino acid substitutions in the PB2 (L134H, I647L, and D701N), HA (G228S), and M1 (D231N) proteins. These results indicate that H1N2 AIV can rapidly acquire adaptive amino acid substitutions in mammalian hosts, and these amino acid substitutions collaboratively enhance the ability of H1N2 AIV to replicate and cause severe disease in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, China.
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Kaihui Cheng
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250132, China
| | - Chuqi Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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40
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Xie J, Weng Y, Ou J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen W, Huang M, Xiu W, Chen H, Zhang Y, Wu B, He W, Zhu Y, You L, Huang Z, Zhang C, Hong L, Wang W, Zheng K. Epidemiological, clinical, and virologic features of two family clusters of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infections in Southeast China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1512. [PMID: 28473725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and virologic characteristics of avian influenza A (H7N9) confirmed cases from two family clusters in Southeast China. Epidemiological data of the H7N9 confirmed cases and their close contacts were obtained through interviews and reviews of medical records. Of the four patients in these two family clusters, two cases had mild symptoms, one had severe symptoms, and one died. Three of the four patients had a history of exposure to live poultry or contaminated environments. The complete genome sequences of the H7N9 viruses from the same family cluster were highly homologous, and the four isolated viruses from the two family clusters exhibited the virologic features of the H7N9 virus, in terms of transmissibility, pathogenicity, host adaptation, and antiviral drug resistance. In addition, our findings indicated that the A/Fujian/18/2015 viral strain contained an additional hemagglutinin G225D substitution, which preferentially binds α2,6-linked sialic acids. The results of this study demonstrate that one family cluster was infected through common exposure to live poultry or contaminated environments, and the other was more likely to be infected through the human-to-human route.
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41
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Hu M, Chu H, Zhang K, Singh K, Li C, Yuan S, Chow BK, Song W, Zhou J, Zheng BJ. Amino acid substitutions V63I or A37S/I61T/V63I/V100A in the PA N-terminal domain increase the virulence of H7N7 influenza A virus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37800. [PMID: 27886255 DOI: 10.1038/srep37800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The PA N-terminal domain (PA-Nter) is essential for viral transcription and replication. Here we identified PA-Nter substitutions A37S, I61T, V63I and V100A in recently emerged avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) with potential effect on virus pathogenicity and/or host adaptation. We introduced the identified PA-Nter substitutions into avian H7N7 IAV by reverse genetics. Our results showed that single substitution V63I and combined substitutions, I61T/V63I and A37S/I61T/V63I/V100A (Mfour), significantly increased virus growth capacity in mammalian cells. Meanwhile, these substitutions conferred higher virus transcription/replication capacity by producing more mRNA, cRNA and vRNA. Consistently, the polymerase activity and the endonuclease activity were enhanced by these PA-Nter substitutions. Notably, substitutions V63I and Mfour strongly increased virus replication and virulence in mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the PA-Nter substitutions V63I and Mfour enhanced IAV pathogenicity through modification of the polymerase activity and the endonuclease activity, which added to the evolving knowledge of IAV virulence determinants.
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Hu M, Yuan S, Zhang K, Singh K, Ma Q, Zhou J, Chu H, Zheng BJ. PB2 substitutions V598T/I increase the virulence of H7N9 influenza A virus in mammals. Virology 2016; 501:92-101. [PMID: 27889648 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PB2 is one of the subunits of the influenza A virus (IAV) polymerase complex. By bioinformatics analysis we identified PB2 substitutions at positions 389 and 598 among IAV isolates from humans, which might associate with viral pathogenicity. To evaluate the biological significance of these substitutions, PB2-K389R and -V598T/I mutant viruses of avian H7N9 IAVs were generated by reverse genetics. Compared to the wild type, the mutant viruses displayed an enhanced growth capacity in human and mammalian cells. Meanwhile, they presented increased transcription and replication by producing higher levels of viral mRNA, cRNA and vRNA. Minireplicon assays indicated that the polymerase activity was elevated by these substitutions. Notably, the PB2-V598T/I substitutions substantially increased virus replication and virulence in mice. Together, we demonstrated that the substitutions PB2-V598T/I contributed to higher IAV replication and virulence in mammals, which added to the knowledge of IAV virulence determinants and benefited the surveillance of IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kailash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Bo-Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Zhang M, Zhang X, Xu K, Teng Q, Liu Q, Li X, Yang J, Xu J, Chen H, Zhang X, Li Z. Characterization of the Pathogenesis of H10N3, H10N7, and H10N8 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses Circulating in Ducks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34489. [PMID: 27678170 PMCID: PMC5039634 DOI: 10.1038/srep34489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Three H10 subtype avian influenza viruses were isolated from domestic ducks in China, designated as SH602/H10N8, FJ1761/H10N3 and SX3180/H10N7, with an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) of 0.39, 1.60, and 1.27, respectively. These H10 viruses showed a complex pathology pattern in different species, although full genome characterizations of the viruses could not identify any molecular determinant underlying the observed phenotypes. Our findings describe the pathobiology of the three H10 subtype AIVs in chickens, ducks, and mice. FJ1761/H10N3 evolved E627K and Q591K substitutions in the gene encoding the PB2 protein in infected mice with severe lung damage, suggesting that H10 subtype avian influenza viruses are a potential threat to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University Shanghai 201508 P. R. China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Kaidi Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China.,Animal Influenza Virus Evolution and Pathogenesis Innovation Team of The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Qinfang Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China.,Animal Influenza Virus Evolution and Pathogenesis Innovation Team of The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China.,Animal Influenza Virus Evolution and Pathogenesis Innovation Team of The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China.,Animal Influenza Virus Evolution and Pathogenesis Innovation Team of The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University Shanghai 201508 P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China.,Animal Influenza Virus Evolution and Pathogenesis Innovation Team of The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University Shanghai 201508 P. R. China
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China.,Animal Influenza Virus Evolution and Pathogenesis Innovation Team of The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team, Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
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Jiang L, Changsom D, Lerdsamran H, Wiriyarat W, Masamae W, Noisumdaeng P, Jongkaewwattana A, Puthavathana P. Immunobiological properties of influenza A (H7N9) hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2693-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Wang D, Yang L, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Zou S, Bo H, Gao R, Dong J, Huang W, Guo J, Li Z, Zhao X, Li X, Xin L, Zhou J, Chen T, Dong L, Wei H, Li X, Liu L, Tang J, Lan Y, Yang J, Shu Y. Two Outbreak Sources of Influenza A (H7N9) Viruses Have Been Established in China. J Virol 2016; 90:5561-73. [PMID: 27030268 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03173-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Due to enzootic infections in poultry and persistent human infections in China, influenza A (H7N9) virus has remained a public health threat. The Yangtze River Delta region, which is located in eastern China, is well recognized as the original source for H7N9 outbreaks. Based on the evolutionary analysis of H7N9 viruses from all three outbreak waves since 2013, we identified the Pearl River Delta region as an additional H7N9 outbreak source. H7N9 viruses are repeatedly introduced from these two sources to the other areas, and the persistent circulation of H7N9 viruses occurs in poultry, causing continuous outbreak waves. Poultry movements may contribute to the geographic expansion of the virus. In addition, the AnH1 genotype, which was predominant during wave 1, was replaced by JS537, JS18828, and AnH1887 genotypes during waves 2 and 3. The establishment of a new source and the continuous evolution of the virus hamper the elimination of H7N9 viruses, thus posing a long-term threat of H7N9 infection in humans. Therefore, both surveillance of H7N9 viruses in humans and poultry and supervision of poultry movements should be strengthened. IMPORTANCE Since its occurrence in humans in eastern China in spring 2013, the avian H7N9 viruses have been demonstrating the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in China. As the viruses are silently circulated in poultry, with potentially severe outcomes in humans, H7N9 virus activity in humans in China is very important to understand. In this study, we identified a newly emerged H7N9 outbreak source in the Pearl River Delta region. Both sources in the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region have been established and found to be responsible for the H7N9 outbreaks in mainland China.
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Matsuu A, Kobayashi T, Patchimasiri T, Shiina T, Suzuki S, Chaichoune K, Ratanakorn P, Hiromoto Y, Abe H, Parchariyanon S, Saito T. Pathogenicity of Genetically Similar, H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Strains in Chicken and the Differences in Sensitivity among Different Chicken Breeds. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153649. [PMID: 27078641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the pathogenicity of genetically closely related H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) were evaluated in White Leghorn chickens. These viruses varied in the clinical symptoms they induced, including lethality, virus shedding, and replication in host tissues. A comparison of the host responses in the lung, brain, and spleen suggested that the differences in viral replication efficiency were related to the host cytokine response at the early phase of infection, especially variations in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Based on these findings, we inoculated the virus that showed the mildest pathogenicity among the five tested, A/pigeon/Thailand/VSMU-7-NPT/2004, into four breeds of Thai indigenous chicken, Phadu-Hung-Dang (PHD), Chee, Dang, and Luang-Hung-Khao (LHK), to explore effects of genetic background on host response. Among these breeds, Chee, Dang, and LHK showed significantly longer survival times than White Leghorns. Virus shedding from dead Thai indigenous chickens was significantly lower than that from White Leghorns. Although polymorphisms were observed in the Mx and MHC class I genes, there was no significant association between the polymorphisms in these loci and resistance to HPAIV.
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Berhane Y, Kobasa D, Embury-Hyatt C, Pickering B, Babiuk S, Joseph T, Bowes V, Suderman M, Leung A, Cottam-Birt C, Hisanaga T, Pasick J. Pathobiological Characterization of a Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Virus Isolated in British Columbia, Canada, 2015. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23380. [PMID: 26988892 PMCID: PMC4796896 DOI: 10.1038/srep23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we describe the pathobiologic characteristics of a novel reassortant virus - A/chicken/BC/FAV-002/2015 (H5N1) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 that was isolated from backyard chickens in British Columbia, Canada. Sequence analyses demonstrate PB1, PA, NA and NS gene segments were of North American lineage while PB2, HA, NP and M were derived from a Eurasian lineage H5N8 virus. This novel virus had a 19 amino acid deletion in the neuraminidase stalk. We evaluated the pathogenic potential of this isolate in various animal models. The virus was highly pathogenic to mice with a LD50 of 10 plaque forming units (PFU), but had limited tissue tropism. It caused only subclinical infection in pigs which did result in seroconversion. This virus was highly pathogenic to chickens, turkeys, juvenile Muscovy ducks (Cairnia moschata foma domestica) and adult Chinese geese (Anser cynoides domesticus) causing a systemic infection in all species. The virus was also efficiently transmitted and resulted in mortality in naïve contact ducks, geese and chickens. Our findings indicate that this novel H5N1 virus has a wide host range and enhanced surveillance of migratory waterfowl may be necessary in order to determine its potential to establish itself in the wild bird reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Berhane
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4
| | - Brad Pickering
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tomy Joseph
- Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada V3G 2M3
| | - Victoria Bowes
- Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada V3G 2M3
| | - Mathew Suderman
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4
| | - Anders Leung
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Colleen Cottam-Birt
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4
| | - Tamiko Hisanaga
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4
| | - John Pasick
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4
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Sha J, Chen X, Ren Y, Chen H, Wu Z, Ying D, Zhang Z, Liu S. Differences in the epidemiology and virology of mild, severe and fatal human infections with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1239-59. [PMID: 26887968 PMCID: PMC7101734 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus caused 5-10 % mild and 30.5 % fatal human infections as of December 10, 2015. In order to investigate the reason for the higher rate of fatal outcome of this infection, this study compared the molecular epidemiology and virology of avian influenza A (H7N9) viruses from mild (N = 14), severe (N = 50) and fatal (N = 35) cases, as well as from non-human hosts (N = 73). The epidemiological results showed that the average age of the people in the mild, severe and fatal groups was 27.6, 52 and 62 years old, respectively (p < 0.001). Males accounted for 42.9 % (6/14), 58.0 % (29/50), and 74.3 % (26/35) of cases in the mild, severe and fatal group respectively (p = 0.094). Median days from onset to start of antiviral treatment were 2, 5 and 7 days in the mild, severe and fatal group, respectively (p = 0.002). The median time from onset to discharge/death was 12, 40 and 19 days in the mild, severe and fatal group, respectively (p < 0.001). Analysis of whole genome sequences showed that PB2 (E627K), NA (R294K) and PA (V100A) mutations were markedly associated with an increased fatality rate, while HA (N276D) and PB2 (N559T) mutations were clearly related to mild cases. There were no differences in the genotypes, adaptation to mammalian hosts, and genetic identity between the three types of infection. In conclusion, advanced age and delayed confirmation of diagnosis and antiviral intervention were risk factors for death. Furthermore, PB2 (E627K), NA (R294K) and PA (V100A) mutations might contribute to a fatal outcome in human H7N9 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 421 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Senior Cadres, The 421 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajin Ren
- Pharmacy Department, The 421 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuqun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Ying
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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