1
|
He X, Jiang N, Li Y. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that display norovirus P induce both systemic and mucosal neutralizing antibodies. Virology 2024; 594:110034. [PMID: 38460411 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The human norovirus (HuNov) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) in the gastrointestinal tract interrupts the interaction between host cells and HuNov, thus inhibiting viral infection. In this study, we constructed a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) expressing the HuNov P protein (GII. 4) and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice after oral delivery. First, the recombinant S. cerevisiae (EBY100/pYD1-P) efficiently expressed P, as evidenced by western blotting and indirect fluorescent assay. Second, after oral administration, EBY100/pYD1-P, especially the high-dose group (5 × 109 clone formation units), elicited systemic and mucosal immune responses characterized by significant sera IgG, IgA, and mucosal sIgA. More importantly, these antibodies showed a substantial neutralization effect against P. Lastly, EBY100/pYD1-P induced significant P-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells and IL4-secreting T cells. Collectively, the recombinant S. cerevisiae expressing HuNov P is a promising mucosal vaccine candidate against HuNov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianzhu Jiang
- School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- Department of Biology of Mucosal Pathogen, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Plante D, Barrera JAB, Lord M, Harlow J, Iugovaz I, Nasheri N. Examining the efficiency of porcine gastric mucin-coated magnetic beads in extraction of noroviruses from frozen berries. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104461. [PMID: 38431316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Human norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Due to the low infectious dose of noroviruses, sensitive methodologies are required to detect and characterize small numbers of viral particles that are found in contaminated foods. The ISO 15216 method, which is internationally recognized for detection of foodborne viruses from high-risk food commodities, is based on viral precipitation, followed by RNA extraction and identification of the viral genome by RT-PCR. Although the ISO 15216 method is efficient, it is time consuming and tedious, does not report on the viral infectivity, and is sensitive to the presence of RT-PCR inhibitors. Norovirus capture by the porcine gastric mucin conjugated magnetic beads (PGM-MB) was developed as an alternative virus recovery method. It relies on the integrity of the viral capsid being able to bind to PGM. PGM contains a variety of histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) that act as norovirus receptors. Therefore, the PGM-MB method allows for extraction of noroviruses, with potentially intact viral capsids, from complex food matrices. The viral genome can then be released through heat-shock of the captured virus. For this reason, we performed a parallel comparison between the ISO 15216 method and the PGM-MB method in isolation and quantification of noroviruses from frozen raspberries. We have demonstrated that the efficiency of the PGM-MB method in extraction of murine norovirus (MNV) and human norovirus GII.4 from raspberries is equal or better than the ISO 15216 method, while the PGM-MB has fewer steps and shorter turnaround time. Moreover, the PGM-MB method is more efficient in removing the inhibitors prior to RT-PCR analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Plante
- Microbiology Laboratory, Regulatory Operations and Enforcement Branch, Health Canada, 1001 St-Laurent Street West, Longueuil, QC, J4K 1C7, Canada
| | - Julio Alexander Bran Barrera
- Microbiology Laboratory, Regulatory Operations and Enforcement Branch, Health Canada, 1001 St-Laurent Street West, Longueuil, QC, J4K 1C7, Canada
| | - Maude Lord
- Microbiology Laboratory, Regulatory Operations and Enforcement Branch, Health Canada, 1001 St-Laurent Street West, Longueuil, QC, J4K 1C7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Harlow
- National Food Virology Reference Centre, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Irène Iugovaz
- Microbiology Laboratory, Regulatory Operations and Enforcement Branch, Health Canada, 1001 St-Laurent Street West, Longueuil, QC, J4K 1C7, Canada
| | - Neda Nasheri
- National Food Virology Reference Centre, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brodmerkel MN, Thiede L, De Santis E, Uetrecht C, Caleman C, Marklund EG. Collision induced unfolding and molecular dynamics simulations of norovirus capsid dimers reveal strain-specific stability profiles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13094-13105. [PMID: 38628116 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Collision induced unfolding (CIU) is a method used with ion mobility mass spectrometry to examine protein structures and their stability. Such experiments yield information about higher order protein structures, yet are unable to provide details about the underlying processes. That information can however be provided using molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we investigate the gas-phase unfolding of norovirus capsid dimers from the Norwalk and Kawasaki strains by employing molecular dynamics simulations over a range of temperatures, representing different levels of activation, together with CIU experiments. The dimers have highly similar structures, but their CIU reveals different stability that can be explained by the different dynamics that arises in response to the activation seen in the simulations, including a part of the sequence with previously observed strain-specific dynamics in solution. Our findings show how similar protein variants can be examined using mass spectrometric techniques in conjunction with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to reveal differences in stability as well as differences in how and where unfolding takes place upon activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim N Brodmerkel
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lars Thiede
- CSSB Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Emiliano De Santis
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Uetrecht
- CSSB Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carl Caleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erik G Marklund
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Z, Kulka M, Yang Q, Papafragkou E, Yu C, Wales SQ, Ngo D, Chen H. Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Confirmatory Methods on RT-qPCR Results for the Detection of Foodborne Viruses in Frozen Berries. Food Environ Virol 2024:10.1007/s12560-024-09591-6. [PMID: 38687458 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Accurate detection, identification, and subsequent confirmation of pathogens causing foodborne illness are essential for the prevention and investigation of foodborne outbreaks. This is particularly true when the causative agent is an enteric virus that has a very low infectious dose and is likely to be present at or near the limit of detection. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was combined with either of two non-targeted pre-amplification methods (SPIA and SISPA) to investigate their utility as a confirmatory method for RT-qPCR positive results of foods contaminated with enteric viruses. Frozen berries (raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries) were chosen as the food matrix of interest due to their association with numerous outbreaks of foodborne illness. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus (HuNoV) were used as the contaminating agents. The non-targeted WGS strategy employed in this study could detect and confirm HuNoV and HAV at genomic copy numbers in the single digit range, and in a few cases, identified viruses present in samples that had been found negative by RT-qPCR analyses. However, some RT-qPCR-positive samples could not be confirmed using the WGS method, and in cases with very high Ct values, only a few viral reads and short sequences were recovered from the samples. WGS techniques show great potential for confirmation and identification of virally contaminated food items. The approaches described here should be further optimized for routine application to confirm the viral contamination in berries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA.
| | - Michael Kulka
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Qianru Yang
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Efstathia Papafragkou
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Christine Yu
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Samantha Q Wales
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Diana Ngo
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nilsson J, Rimkute I, Sihlbom C, Tenge VR, Lin SC, Atmar RL, Estes MK, Larson G. N-glycoproteomic analyses of human intestinal enteroids, varying in histo-blood group geno- and phenotypes, reveal a wide repertoire of fucosylated glycoproteins. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae029. [PMID: 38590172 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses, globally the main cause of viral gastroenteritis, show strain specific affinity for histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) and can successfully be propagated ex vivo in human intestinal enteroids (HIEs). HIEs established from jejunal stem cells of individuals with different ABO, Lewis and secretor geno- and phenotypes, show varying susceptibility to such infections. Using bottom-up glycoproteomic approaches we have defined and compared the N-linked glycans of glycoproteins of seven jejunal HIEs. Membrane proteins were extracted, trypsin digested, and glycopeptides enriched by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS. The Byonic software was used for glycopeptide identification followed by hands-on verifications and interpretations. Glycan structures and attachment sites were identified from MS2 spectra obtained by higher-energy collision dissociation through analysis of diagnostic saccharide oxonium ions (B-ions), stepwise glycosidic fragmentation of the glycans (Y-ions), and peptide sequence ions (b- and y-ions). Altogether 694 unique glycopeptides from 93 glycoproteins were identified. The N-glycans encompassed pauci- and oligomannose, hybrid- and complex-type structures. Notably, polyfucosylated HBGA-containing glycopeptides of the four glycoproteins tetraspanin-8, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5, sucrose-isomaltase and aminopeptidase N were especially prominent and were characterized in detail and related to donor ABO, Lewis and secretor types of each HIE. Virtually no sialylated N-glycans were identified for these glycoproteins suggesting that terminal sialylation was infrequent compared to fucosylation and HBGA biosynthesis. This approach gives unique site-specific information on the structural complexity of N-linked glycans of glycoproteins of human HIEs and provides a platform for future studies on the role of host glycoproteins in gastrointestinal infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Proteomics Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inga Rimkute
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, SE 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Victoria R Tenge
- Department of Molecular Virology, Baylor College School of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 770 30, United States
| | - Shih-Ching Lin
- Department of Molecular Virology, Baylor College School of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 770 30, United States
- Present address: Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology, Baylor College School of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 770 30, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 770 30, United States
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology, Baylor College School of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 770 30, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 770 30, United States
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen D, Shao Q, Ru X, Chen S, Cheng D, Ye Q. Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of norovirus in Hangzhou, China, in the postepidemic era. J Clin Virol 2024; 172:105679. [PMID: 38677156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Norovirus (NoV) is an important human pathogen that can cause severe gastroenteritis in vulnerable populations. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of 2021-2023 NoV in Hangzhou, China. METHODS This study enrolled patients aged 0-18 years who underwent NoV RNA detection in the hospital between January 2021 and October 2023 and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of NoV. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect NoV RNA. Subtype classification and whole-genome sequencing were performed. RESULTS There was a high prevalence of NoV infection in 2023, with NoV-positive samples accounting for 63.10 % of the total number of positive samples collected during the three-year period. The prevalence was abnormally high in summer, and the number of positive samples accounted for 48.20 % of the total positive samples for the whole year, which was much greater than the level in the same period in previous years (2023, 48.20% vs 2021, 13.66% vs 2022, 15.21 %). The GⅡ.4 subtype played a leading role, followed by increased mixed infection with GⅠ.5 and GⅡ.4. Whole-genome sequencing results suggested that GII.P16-GⅡ.4 had R297H and D372N key locus mutations. The evolutionary rate was 4.29 × 10-3 for the RdRp gene and 4.84 × 10-3 for the VP1 gene. The RdRp gene and VP1 gene of NoV GII.P16-GⅡ.4 have undergone rapid population evolution during the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSION In the summer of 2023, an abnormally high incidence of NoV appeared in Hangzhou, China. The major epidemic strain GII.P16-GⅡ.4 showed a certain range of gene mutations and a fast evolutionary rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Shao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanwen Ru
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Cheng
- Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shirai T, Phadungsombat J, Ushikai Y, Yoshikaie K, Shioda T, Sakon N. Epidemiological Features of Human Norovirus Genotypes before and after COVID-19 Countermeasures in Osaka, Japan. Viruses 2024; 16:654. [PMID: 38675994 PMCID: PMC11055107 DOI: 10.3390/v16040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the molecular epidemiology of human norovirus (HuNoV) in all age groups using samples from April 2019 to March 2023, before and after the COVID-19 countermeasures were implemented. GII.2[P16] and GII.4[P31], the prevalent strains in Japan before COVID-19 countermeasures, remained prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, except from April to November 2020; in 2021, the prevalence of GII.2[P16] increased among children. Furthermore, there was an increase in the prevalence of GII.4[P16] after December 2022. Phylogenetic analysis of GII.P31 RdRp showed that some strains detected in 2022 belonged to a different cluster of other strains obtained during the present study period, suggesting that HuNoV strains will evolve differently even if they have the same type of RdRp. An analysis of the amino acid sequence of VP1 showed that some antigenic sites of GII.4[P16] were different from those of GII.4[P31]. The present study showed high infectivity of HuNoV despite the COVID-19 countermeasures and revealed changes in the prevalent genotypes and mutations of each genotype. In the future, we will investigate whether GII.4[P16] becomes more prevalent, providing new insights by comparing the new data with those analyzed in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shirai
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (T.S.)
| | | | - Yumi Ushikai
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (T.S.)
| | - Kunihito Yoshikaie
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (T.S.)
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Naomi Sakon
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Li Q, Shao H, Mao Y, Liu L, Yi D, Duan Z, Lv H, Cen S. CX-6258 hydrochloride hydrate: A potential non-nucleoside inhibitor targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of norovirus. Virology 2024; 595:110088. [PMID: 38643657 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV), a primary cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis, currently lacks approved treatment. RdRp is vital for virus replication, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. By application of structure-based virtual screening procedure, we present CX-6258 hydrochloride hydrate as a potent RdRp non-nucleoside inhibitor, effectively inhibiting HuNoV RdRp activity with an IC50 of 3.61 μM. Importantly, this compound inhibits viral replication in cell culture, with an EC50 of 0.88 μM. In vitro binding assay validate that CX-6258 hydrochloride hydrate binds to RdRp through interaction with the "B-site" binding pocket. Interestingly, CX-6258-contacting residues such as R392, Q439, and Q414 are highly conserved among major norovirus GI and GII variants, suggesting that it may be a general inhibitor of norovirus RdRp. Given that CX-6258 hydrochloride hydrate is already utilized as an orally efficacious pan-Pim kinase inhibitor, it may serve as a potential lead compound in the effort to control HuNoV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Huihan Shao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Mao
- Ningbo Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Lufei Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dongrong Yi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huiqing Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hayashi T, Kobayashi S, Hirano J, Murakami K. Human norovirus cultivation systems and their use in antiviral research. J Virol 2024; 98:e0166323. [PMID: 38470106 PMCID: PMC11019851 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01663-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne diseases, affecting all age groups. Despite its clinical needs, no approved antiviral therapies are available. Since the discovery of HuNoV in 1972, studies on anti-norovirals, mechanism of HuNoV infection, viral inactivation, etc., have been hampered by the lack of a robust laboratory-based cultivation system for HuNoV. A recent breakthrough in the development of HuNoV cultivation systems has opened opportunities for researchers to investigate HuNoV biology in the context of de novo HuNoV infections. A tissue stem cell-derived human intestinal organoid/enteroid (HIO) culture system is one of those that supports HuNoV replication reproducibly and, to our knowledge, is most widely distributed to laboratories worldwide to study HuNoV and develop therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes recently developed HuNoV cultivation systems, including HIO, and their use in antiviral studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakura Kobayashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junki Hirano
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Murakami
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Díaz SM, Barrios ME, Galli L, Cammarata RV, Torres C, Fortunato MS, García López G, Costa M, Sanguino Jorquera DG, Oderiz S, Rogé A, Gentiluomo J, Carbonari C, Rajal VB, Korol SE, Gallego A, Blanco Fernández MD, Mbayed VA. Microbiological hazard identification in river waters used for recreational activities. Environ Res 2024; 247:118161. [PMID: 38220078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites can cause waterborne disease outbreaks. The study of coastal water quality contributes to identifying potential risks to human health and to improving water management practices. The Río de la Plata River, a wide estuary in South America, is used for recreational activities, as a water source for consumption and as a site for sewage discharges. In the present study, as the first step of a quantitative microbial risk assessment of the coastal water quality of this river, a descriptive study was performed to identify the microbial pathogens prevalent in its waters and in the sewage discharged into the river. Two sites, representing two different potential risk scenarios, were chosen: a heavily polluted beach and an apparently safe beach. Conductivity and fecal contamination indicators including enterococci, Escherichia coli, F + RNA bacteriophages, and human polyomaviruses showed high levels. Regarding enterococci, differences between sites were significant (p-values <0.001). 93.3% and 56.5% of the apparently safe beach exceeded the recreational water limits for E. coli and enterococci. Regarding pathogens, diarrheagenic E. coli, Salmonella, and noroviruses were detected with different frequencies between sites. The parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were frequently detected in both sites. The results regarding viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens, even without correlation with conventional indicators, showed the importance of monitoring a variety of microorganisms to determine water quality more reliably and accurately, and to facilitate further studies of health risk assessment. The taxonomic description of microbial pathogens in river waters allow identifying the microorganisms that infect the population living on its shores but also pathogens not previously reported by the clinical surveillance system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Micaela Díaz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Elizabeth Barrios
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Galli
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. 60 y 118 (B1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Robertina Viviana Cammarata
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Torres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Susana Fortunato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Junín 954 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García López
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Junín 954 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Costa
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. 60 y 118 (B1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Gastón Sanguino Jorquera
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150 (A4408FVY), Salta, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Oderiz
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Departamento Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Rogé
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Departamento Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Gentiluomo
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Departamento Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Carbonari
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Departamento Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150 (A4408FVY), Salta, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería. UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150 (A4408FVY), Salta, Argentina
| | - Sonia Edith Korol
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Junín 954 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Gallego
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Junín 954 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Dolores Blanco Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Viviana Andrea Mbayed
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBAVIM), Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 (C1113AAD), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumblathan T, Liu Y, Crisol M, Pang X, Hrudey SE, Le XC, Li XF. Advances in wastewater analysis revealing the co-circulating viral trends of noroviruses and Omicron subvariants. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170887. [PMID: 38350564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Co-presence of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses is common both in community circulation and in wastewater. Community surveillance of infections requires robust methods enabling simultaneous quantification of multiple viruses in wastewater. Using enveloped SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants and non-enveloped norovirus (NoV) as examples, this study reports a robust method that integrates electronegative membrane (EM) concentration, viral inactivation, and RNA preservation (VIP) with efficient capture and enrichment of the viral RNA on magnetic (Mag) beads, and direct detection of RNA on the beads. This method provided improved viral recoveries of 80 ± 4 % for SARS-CoV-2 and 72 ± 5 % for Murine NoV. Duplex reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays with newly designed degenerate primer-probe sets offered high PCR efficiencies (90-91 %) for NoV (GI and GII) targets and were able to detect as few as 15 copies of the viral RNA per PCR reaction. This technique, combined with duplex detection of NoV and multiplex detection of Omicron, successfully quantified NoV (GI and GII) and Omicron variants in the same sets of 94 influent wastewater samples collected from two large wastewater systems between July 2022 and June 2023. The wastewater viral RNA results showed temporal changes of both NoV and Omicron variants in the same wastewater systems and revealed an inverse relationship of their emergence. This study demonstrated the importance of a robust analytical platform for simultaneous surveillance of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in wastewater. The ability to sensitively determine multiple viral pathogens in wastewater will advance applications of wastewater surveillance as a complementary public health tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kumblathan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yanming Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Mary Crisol
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada; Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J2, Canada
| | - Steve E Hrudey
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kimura-Someya T, Katsura K, Kato-Murayama M, Hosaka T, Uchikubo-Kamo T, Ihara K, Hanada K, Sato S, Murayama K, Kataoka M, Shirouzu M, Someya Y. Structural analyses of the GI.4 norovirus by cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography revealing binding sites for human monoclonal antibodies. J Virol 2024:e0019724. [PMID: 38593321 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00197-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are major causative agents of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. There are neither antiviral therapeutic agents nor vaccines for noroviruses at this time. To evaluate the potential usefulness of two previously isolated human monoclonal antibody fragments, CV-1A1 and CV-2F5, we first conducted a single-particle analysis to determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of virus-like particles (VLPs) from the genogroup I genotype 4 (GI.4) Chiba strain uniformly coated with CV-1A1 fragments. The results revealed that the GI.4-specific CV-1A1 antibody bound to the P2 subdomain, in which amino acids are less conserved and variable. Interestingly, a part of the CV-1A1 intrudes into the histo-blood group antigen-binding site, suggesting that this antibody might exert neutralizing activity. Next, we determined the crystal structure of the protruding (P) domain of the capsid protein in the complex form with the CV-2F5 antibody fragment. Consistent with the cross-reactivity, the CV-2F5 bound to the P1 subdomain, which is rich in amino acids conserved among the GI strains, and moreover induced a disruption of Chiba VLPs. These results suggest that the broadly reactive CV-2F5 antibody can be used as both a universal detection reagent and an antiviral drug for GI noroviruses. IMPORTANCE We conducted the structural analyses of the VP1 protein from the GI.4 Chiba norovirus to identify the binding sites of the previously isolated human monoclonal antibodies CV-1A1 and CV-2F5. The cryo-electron microscopy of the Chiba virus-like particles (VLPs) complexed with the Fv-clasp forms of GI.4-specific CV-1A1 revealed that this antibody binds to the highly variable P2 subdomain, suggesting that this antibody may have neutralizing ability against the GI.4 strains. X-ray crystallography revealed that the CV-2F5 antibody bound to the P1 subdomain, which is rich in conserved amino acids. This result is consistent with the ability of the CV-2F5 antibody to react with a wide variety of GI norovirus strains. It is also found that the CV-2F5 antibody caused a disruption of VLPs. Our findings, together with previous reports on the structures of VP1 proteins and VLPs, are expected to open a path for the structure-based development of antivirals and vaccines against norovirus disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazushige Katsura
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Hosaka
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Ihara
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Hanada
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Someya
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mabasa VV, van Zyl WB, Taylor MB, Mans J. Quantification and Potential Viability of Human Noroviruses in Final Effluent from Wastewater Treatment Works in Pretoria, South Africa. Food Environ Virol 2024:10.1007/s12560-024-09589-0. [PMID: 38555559 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Growing global concerns over water scarcity, worsened by climate change, drive wastewater reclamation efforts. Inadequately treated wastewater presents significant public health risks. Previous studies in South Africa (SA) have reported high norovirus levels in final effluent and sewage-polluted surface water, indicating pathogen removal inefficiency. However, the viability of these virions was not explored. This study assessed human norovirus viability in final effluent from wastewater treatment works (WWTWs) in Pretoria, SA. Between June 2018 and August 2020, 200 samples were collected from two WWTWs, including raw sewage and final effluent. Norovirus concentrations were determined using in-house RNA standards. Viability of noroviruses in final effluent was assessed using viability RT-qPCR (vPCR) with PMAxx™-Triton X-100. There was no significant difference in GI concentrations between raw sewage (p = 0.5663) and final effluent (p = 0.4035) samples at WWTW1 and WWTW2. WWTW1 had significantly higher GII concentrations in raw sewage (p < 0.001) compared to WWTW2. No clear seasonal pattern was observed in norovirus concentrations. At WWTW1, 50% (7/14) of GI- and 64.9% (24/37) of GII-positive final effluent samples had no quantifiable RNA after vPCR. At WWTW2, the majority (92.6%, 25/27) of GII-positive final effluent samples showed a 100% RNA reduction post vPCR. PMAxx™-Triton X-100 vPCR provides a more accurate reflection of discharge of potentially viable noroviruses in the environment than standard RT-qPCR. Despite significant reductions in potentially viable noroviruses after wastewater treatment, the levels of potentially viable viruses in final effluent are still of concern due to the high initial load and low infectious dose of noroviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Mabasa
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa
| | - W B van Zyl
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service-Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M B Taylor
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa
| | - J Mans
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ushijima H, Hoque SA, Akari Y, Pham NTK, Phan T, Nishimura S, Kobayashi M, Sugita K, Okitsu S, Komoto S, Thongprachum A, Khamrin P, Maneekarn N, Hayakawa S. Molecular Evolution of GII.P31/GII.4_Sydney_2012 Norovirus over a Decade in a Clinic in Japan. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3619. [PMID: 38612429 PMCID: PMC11011564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) genogroup II, polymerase type P31, capsid genotype 4, Sydney_2012 variant (GII.P31/GII.4_Sydney_2012) has been circulating at high levels for over a decade, raising the question of whether this strain is undergoing molecular alterations without demonstrating a substantial phylogenetic difference. Here, we applied next-generation sequencing to learn more about the genetic diversity of 14 GII.P31/GII.4_Sydney_2012 strains that caused epidemics in a specific region of Japan, with 12 from Kyoto and 2 from Shizuoka, between 2012 and 2022, with an emphasis on amino acid (aa) differences in all three ORFs. We found numerous notable aa alterations in antigenic locations in the capsid region (ORF2) as well as in other ORFs. In all three ORFs, earlier strains (2013-2016) remained phylogenetically distinct from later strains (2019-2022). This research is expected to shed light on the evolutionary properties of dominating GII.P31/GII.4_Sydney_2012 strains, which could provide useful information for viral diarrhea prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Sheikh Ariful Hoque
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
- Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yuki Akari
- Department of Virology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Pham
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan;
| | - Tung Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | - Kumiko Sugita
- Sugita Children Clinic, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0035, Japan
| | - Shoko Okitsu
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Division of One Health, Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | | | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Emerging and Re-Emerging Diarrheal Viruses Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Emerging and Re-Emerging Diarrheal Viruses Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rupprom K, Thongpanich Y, Sukkham W, Utrarachkij F, Kittigul L. Recovery and Quantification of Norovirus in Air Samples from Experimentally Produced Aerosols. Food Environ Virol 2024:10.1007/s12560-024-09590-7. [PMID: 38512560 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans across all age groups worldwide. Norovirus-infected patients can produce aerosolized droplets which play a role in gastroenteritis transmission. The study aimed to assess bioaerosol sampling in combination with a virus concentrating procedure to facilitate molecular detection of norovirus genogroup (G) II from experimentally contaminated aerosols. Using a nebulizer within an experimental chamber, aerosols of norovirus GII were generated at known concentrations. Air samples were then collected in both 5 mL and 20 mL water using the SKC BioSampler at a flow rate of 12.5 L/min, 15 min. Subsequently, the virus in collected water was concentrated using speedVac centrifugation and quantified by RT-qPCR. The optimal distances between the nebulizer and the SKC BioSampler yielded high recoveries of the virus for both 5 and 20 mL collections. Following nebulization, norovirus GII RNA was detectable up to 120 min in 5 mL and up to 240 min in 20 mL collection. The concentrations of norovirus GII RNA recovered from air samples in the aerosol chamber ranged from 102 to 105 genome copies/mL, with average recoveries of 25 ± 12% for 5 mL and 22 ± 19% for 20 mL collections. These findings provide quantitative data on norovirus GII in aerosols and introduce a novel virus concentrating method for aerosol collection in water, thus enhancing surveillance of this virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitwadee Rupprom
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuwanda Thongpanich
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Woravat Sukkham
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Leera Kittigul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hong X, Xue L, Cao Y, Xu R, Wang J, Gao J, Miao S, Jiang Y, Kou X. The variation of antigenic and histo-blood group binding sites synergistically drive the evolution among chronologically emerging GII.4 noroviruses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26567. [PMID: 38463890 PMCID: PMC10920170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus, commonly found on shellfish and vegetables, is a foodborne virus with GII.4 as the dominant genotype responsible for widespread outbreaks since 1995. Continuous variation of major capsid protein VP1 can lead to changes in the immunogenicity and host receptor binding ability of norovirus, which is an important evolutionary mechanism. Therefore, analyzing the immunogenicity of VP1 and its binding ability to various HBGAs in GII.4 variants could improve our understanding of the persistent prevalence of GII.4. Here, the results suggest that GII.4 has gradually enhanced its HBGAs binding ability over time for various types of receptors. Variants exhibit significantly stronger immune response to homologous mouse antiserum than heterologous ones, highlighting the importance of variation of antigenic and histo-blood group binding sites in driving the evolution of GII.4. These synergistic forces constantly lead to antigenic drift and changes in receptor binding, resulting in continuous emergence of new variant strains and sustained prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Hong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, China
| | - Yingwen Cao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiquan Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junshan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, China
| | - Shuidi Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, China
| | - Yueting Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoxia Kou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wasielewski VV, Itani TM, Zakharova YA, Semenov AV. Current trends and new approaches for human norovirus replication in cell culture: a literature review. Arch Virol 2024; 169:71. [PMID: 38459228 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is one of the world's leading causes of acute gastroenteritis. At present, effective reproduction of the virus in cell cultures remains a challenge for virologists, as there is a lack of a permissive cell line that allows the entire viral life cycle to be reproduced. This is a barrier to the study of the HuNoV life cycle, its tropism, and virus-host interactions. It is also a major hurdle for the development of viral detection platforms, and ultimately for the development of therapeutics. The lack of an inexpensive, technically simple, and easily implemented cultivation method also negatively affects our ability to evaluate the efficacy of a variety of control measures (disinfectants, food processes) for human norovirus. In the process of monitoring this pathogen, it is necessary to detect infectious viral particles in water, food, and other environmental samples. Therefore, improvement of in vitro replication of HuNoV is still needed. In this review, we discuss current trends and new approaches to HuNoV replication in cell culture. We highlight ways in which previous research on HuNoV and other noroviruses has guided and influenced the development of new HuNoV culture systems and discuss the improvement of in vitro replication of HuNoV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin V Wasielewski
- Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome», Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation
| | - Tarek M Itani
- Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome», Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuliya A Zakharova
- Institute of Disinfectology of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene Rospotrebnadzor, Mosсow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr V Semenov
- Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome», Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Gao Y, Shi C, Shen Y, Lu M, Sha D, Chen Y, Zhu D, Shi P. Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Genotypes of Norovirus-Associated Diarrhea in Wuxi, China, 2013-2020. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:569-575. [PMID: 38266292 PMCID: PMC10919189 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is a common pathogen that can cause infectious diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical features, and genotypes of NoV-associated diarrhea in Wuxi, China. A total of 4,416 stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhea at enteric disease clinics of sentinel hospitals in Wuxi from February 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020. Univariate and Akaike information criterion stepwise logistic regression were used to identify differences as integrated within a clinical setting (NoV positive [+] versus NoV negative [-], NoV+ versus rotavirus [RV]+, NoV+ versus bacteria+, genogroup [G] I and GII genotypes). Norovirus was detected in 9.85% of stool samples, which was greater than other tested pathogens. Excluding coinfection of NoV and other viruses or bacteria, patients infected with NoV had a lower chance of acquiring the virus in summer (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 0.257; 95% CI, 0.189-0.36) when compared with patients without NoV. Patients with diarrhea infected with NoV featured nausea and vomiting (P < 0.001; OR, 2.297, 95% CI, 1.85-2.86) and loose stools (P = 0.006; OR, 2.247; 95% CI, 1.30-4.10), but less abdominal cramping (P = 0.001; OR, 0.676; 95% CI, 0.54-0.84). Patients infected with RV (P < 0.001; OR, 0.413; 95% CI, 0.25-0.68) or bacteria (P < 0.001; OR, 0.422; 95% CI, 0.26-0.67) were more vulnerable to fever than those infected with NoV. A total of 379 GII strains were detected concomitant with 48 GI strains, and there was a seasonal difference between the GI and GII genotypes. Strengthening pathogen detection for infectious diarrhea was helpful for understanding the epidemiological characteristics of infections with NoV and, potentially, for preventing disease outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumeng Gao
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyan Lu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Sha
- Microbiological Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujun Chen
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ding Zhu
- Department of Disinfection and Vector Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gao J, Xue L, Li Y, Zhang J, Dai J, Ye Q, Wu S, Gu Q, Zhang Y, Wei X, Wu Q. A systematic review and meta-analysis indicates a high risk of human noroviruses contamination in vegetable worldwide, with GI being the predominant genogroup. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110603. [PMID: 38306773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the most predominant viral agents of acute gastroenteritis. Vegetables are important vehicles of HuNoVs transmission. This study aimed to assess the HuNoVs prevalence in vegetables. We searched the Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database, PubMed, and Cochrane databases until June 1, 2023. A total of 27 studies were included for the meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 14.0 software. This analysis showed that the pooled HuNoVs prevalence in vegetables was 7 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 3-13) worldwide. The continent with largest number of studies was Europe, and the highest number of samples was lettuce. As revealed by the results of the subgroup meta-analysis, the prevalence of GI genogroup was the highest (3 %, 95 % CI: 1-7). A higher prevalence was seen in vegetables from farms (18 %, 95 % CI: 5-37), while only 4 % (95 % CI: 1-8) in retail. The HuNoVs prevalence of ready-to-eat vegetables and non-ready-to-eat vegetables was 2 % (95 % CI: 0-8) and 9 % (95 % CI: 3-16), respectively. The prevalence by quantitative real time RT-PCR was 8 % (95 % CI: 3-15) compared to 3 % (95 % CI: 0-13) by conventional RT-PCR. Furthermore, the HuNoVs prevalence in vegetables was 6 % (95 % CI: 1-14) in ISO pretreatment method and 8 % (95 % CI: 1-19) in non-ISO method, respectively. This study is helpful in comprehensively understanding the prevalence of HuNoVs contamination in vegetables worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Yijing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Jingsha Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jacobsen S, Faber M, Altmann B, Mas Marques A, Bock CT, Niendorf S. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on norovirus circulation in Germany. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151600. [PMID: 38246091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in all age groups. The virus is constantly and rapidly changing, allowing mutations and recombination events to create great diversity of circulating viruses. With the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, a wide range of public health measures were introduced worldwide to control human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In Germany, control measures such as distance rules, contact restrictions, personal protection equipment as well as intensive hand hygiene were introduced. To better understand the effect of the measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic on incidence and the molecular epidemiological dynamics of norovirus outbreaks in Germany, we analyzed national notification data between July 2017 and December 2022 and characterized norovirus sequences circulating between January 2018 and December 2022. Compared to a reference period before the pandemic, the incidence of notified norovirus gastroenteritis decreased by 89.7% to 9.6 per 100,000 during the 2020/2021 norovirus season, corresponding to an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.10. Samples from 539 outbreaks were genotyped in two regions of the viral genome from pre-pandemic (January 2018 to February 2020) and samples from 208 outbreaks during pandemic time period (March 2020 to December 2022). As expected, norovirus outbreaks were mainly found in child care facilities and nursing homes. In total, 36 genotypes were detected in the study period. A high proportion of recombinant strains (86%) was found in patients, the proportion of detected recombinant viruses did not vary between the pre-pandemic and pandemic phase. The proportion of the predominant recombinant strain GII.4 Sydney[P16] was unchanged before pandemic and during pandemic at 37.5%. The diversity of most common genotypes in nursing homes and child care facilities showed a different proportion of genotypes causing outbreaks. In nursing homes as well as in child care facilities GII.4 Sydney[P16] was predominant during the whole study period. Compared to the nursing homes, a greater variety of genotypes at the expense of GII.4 Sydney[P16] was detected in child care facilities. Furthermore, the overall proportion of recombinant strain GII.3[P12] increased during the pandemic, due to outbreaks in child care facilities. The COVID-19 pandemic had a high impact on the occurrence of sporadic cases and norovirus outbreaks in Germany, leading to a near suppression of the typical norovirus winter season following the start of the pandemic. The number of norovirus-associated outbreak samples sent to the Consultant Laboratory dropped by 63% during the pandemic. We could not identify a clear influence on circulating norovirus genotypes. The dominance of GII.4 Sydney recombinant strains was independent from the pandemic. Further studies are needed to follow up on the diversity of less predominant genotypes to see if the pandemic could have acted as a bottleneck to the spread of previously minoritized genotypes like GII.3[P12].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Jacobsen
- Consultant Laboratory for Norovirus, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirko Faber
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Altmann
- Department of Infectious Disease, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Mas Marques
- Consultant Laboratory for Norovirus, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - C-Thomas Bock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Niendorf
- Consultant Laboratory for Norovirus, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu X, He P, Jiang T, Shen J. Development and Evaluation of a Rapid GII Norovirus Detection Method Based on CRISPR-Cas12a. Pol J Microbiol 2024; 73:89-97. [PMID: 38437462 PMCID: PMC10911698 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2024-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is highly infectious and rapidly transmissible and represents a major pathogen of sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, causing a substantial disease burden. Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in norovirus outbreaks in China, significantly higher than in previous years, among which GII norovirus is the predominant prevalent strain. Therefore, rapid norovirus diagnosis is critical for clinical treatment and transmission control. Hence, we developed a molecular assay based on RPA combined with the CRISPER-CAS12a technique targeting the conserved region of the GII norovirus genome, the results of which could be displayed by fluorescence curves and immunochromatographic lateral-flow test strips. The reaction only required approximately 50 min, and the results were visible by the naked eye with a sensitivity reaching 102 copies/μl. Also, our method does not cross-react with other common pathogens that cause intestinal diarrhea. Furthermore, this assay was easy to perform and inexpensive, which could be widely applied for detecting norovirus in settings including medical institutions at all levels, particularly township health centers in low-resource areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Pei He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Jilu Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khamrin P, Kumthip K, Yodmeeklin A, Okitsu S, Motomura K, Sato S, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N. Genetic recombination and genotype diversity of norovirus GI in children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2015-2021. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:379-385. [PMID: 38237357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human norovirus is a predominant etiological agent responsible for acute gastroenteritis across all age groups. Recently, norovirus recombinant strains have been reported as the cause of norovirus outbreaks in several settings and the strains that cause outbreaks mostly belong to the norovirus GII. However, yet, the norovirus GI recombinant strains have never been reported previously in Thailand. The aims of this study were to investigate the genetic recombination and genotype diversity of norovirus GI strains in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during a period of seven years from 2015 to 2021. METHODS A total of 2829 stool specimens were screened for norovirus GI by real-time PCR, and the polymerase and capsid genes were sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS Of 2829 specimens tested, 12 (0.4%) were positive for norovirus GI. Of these, 7 out of 12 (58.3%) strains were identified as norovirus GI recombinant strains. Among 7 norovirus GI recombinant strains, 3, 3, and 1 were identified as GI.3[P13], GI.5[P4], and GI.6[P11], respectively. The remaining five strains were identified as non-recombinant strains of the GI.4[P4], GI.5[P5], and GI.6[P6] genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the genetic diversity and multiple intergenotype recombinant strains of norovirus GI circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2015 to 2021. The detection of multiple intergenotype norovirus GI recombinant strains further underscore the complexity of norovirus GI strains circulating in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arpaporn Yodmeeklin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shoko Okitsu
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Motomura
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rimkute I, Chaimongkol N, Woods KD, Nagata BM, Darko S, Gudbole S, Henry AR, Sosnovtsev SV, Olia AS, Verardi R, Bok K, Todd JP, Woodward R, Kwong PD, Douek DC, Alves DA, Green KY, Roederer M. A non-human primate model for human norovirus infection. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:776-786. [PMID: 38321182 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Norovirus infection can cause gastrointestinal disease in humans. Development of therapies and vaccines against norovirus have been limited by the lack of a suitable and reliable animal model. Here we established rhesus macaques as an animal model for human norovirus infection. We show that rhesus macaques are susceptible to oral infection with human noroviruses from two different genogroups. Variation in duration of virus shedding (days to weeks) between animals, evolution of the virus over the time of infection, induction of virus-specific adaptive immune responses, susceptibility to reinfection and preferential replication of norovirus in the jejunum of rhesus macaques was similar to infection reported in humans. We found minor pathological signs and changes in epithelial cell surface glycosylation patterns in the small intestine during infection. Detection of viral protein and RNA in intestinal biopsies confirmed the presence of the virus in chromogranin A-expressing epithelial cells, as it does in humans. Thus, rhesus macaques are a promising non-human primate model to evaluate vaccines and therapeutics against norovirus disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Rimkute
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natthawan Chaimongkol
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kamron D Woods
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sucheta Gudbole
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanislav V Sosnovtsev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karin Bok
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Woodward
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Derron A Alves
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kim Y Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim NE, Kim MJ, Park BJ, Kwon JW, Lee JM, Park JH, Song YJ. A DNA vaccine against GII.4 human norovirus VP1 induces blocking antibody production and T cell responses. Vaccine 2024; 42:1392-1400. [PMID: 38320930 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are highly contagious and a leading cause of epidemics of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Among the various HuNoV genotypes, GII.4 is the most prevalent cause of outbreaks. However, no vaccines have been approved for HuNoVs to date. DNA vaccines are proposed to serve as an ideal platform against HuNoV since they can be easily produced and customized to express target proteins. In this study, we constructed a CMV/R vector expressing a major structural protein, VP1, of GII.4 HuNoV (CMV/R-GII.4 HuNoV VP1). Transfection of CMV/R-GII.4 HuNoV VP1 into human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells resulted in successful expression of VP1 proteins in vitro. Intramuscular or intradermal immunization of mice with the CMV/R-GII.4 HuNoV VP1 construct elicited the production of blocking antibodies and activation of T cell responses against GII.4 HuNoV VP1. Our collective data support the utility of CMV/R-GII.4 HuNoV VP1 as a promising DNA vaccine candidate against GII.4 HuNoV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Eun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Mun-Jin Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Bum Ju Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Jung Won Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sherman M, Cox F, Smith H, Habib MH, Karst S, Wobus CE, Smith TJ. The reversible activation of norovirus by metal ions. J Virol 2024; 98:e0173523. [PMID: 38236007 PMCID: PMC10878237 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01735-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Murine norovirus (MNV) undergoes extremely large conformational changes in response to the environment. The T = 3 icosahedral capsid is composed of 180 copies of ~58-kDa VP1 comprised of N-terminus (N), shell (S), and C-terminal protruding (P) domains. At neutral pH, the P domains are loosely tethered to the shell and float ~15 Å above the surface. At low pH or in the presence of bile salts, the P domain drops onto the shell and this movement is accompanied by conformational changes within the P domain that enhance receptor interactions while blocking antibody binding. While previous crystallographic studies identified metal binding sites in the isolated P domain, the ~2.7-Å cryo-electron microscopy structures of MNV in the presence of Mg2+ or Ca2+ presented here show that metal ions can recapitulate the contraction observed at low pH or in the presence of bile. Further, we show that these conformational changes are reversed by dialysis against EDTA. As observed in the P domain crystal structures, metal ions bind to and contract the G'H' loop. This movement is correlated with the lifting of the C'D' loop and rotation of the P domain dimers about each other, exposing the bile salt binding pocket. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments presented here demonstrate that the activation signals (bile salts, low pH, and metal ions) act in a synergistic manner that, individually, all result in the same activated structure. We present a model whereby these reversible conformational changes represent a uniquely dynamic and tissue-specific structural adaptation to the in vivo environment.IMPORTANCEThe highly mobile protruding domains on the calicivirus capsids are recognized by cell receptor(s) and antibodies. At neutral pH, they float ~15 Å above the shell but at low pH or in the presence of bile salts, they contract onto the surface. Concomitantly, changes within the P domain block antibody binding while enhancing receptor binding. While we previously demonstrated that metals also block antibody binding, it was unknown whether they might also cause similar conformational changes in the virion. Here, we present the near atomic cryo-electron microscopy structures of infectious murine norovirus (MNV) in the presence of calcium or magnesium ions. The metal ions reversibly induce the same P domain contraction as low pH and bile salts and act in a synergistic manner with the other stimuli. We propose that, unlike most other viruses, MNV facilely changes conformations as a unique means to escape immune surveillance as it moves through various tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sherman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Faith Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamed H. Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Stephanie Karst
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christiane E. Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas J. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Geissler M, Brassard D, Adam N, Nasheri N, Pilar AVC, Tapp K, Clime L, Miville-Godin C, Mounier M, Nassif C, Lukic L, Malic L, Corneau N, Veres T. Centrifugal microfluidic system for colorimetric sample-to-answer detection of viral pathogens. Lab Chip 2024; 24:668-679. [PMID: 38226743 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We describe a microfluidic system for conducting thermal lysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, hybridization, and colorimetric detection of foodborne viral organisms in a sample-to-answer format. The on-chip protocol entails 24 steps which are conducted by a centrifugal platform that allows for actuating liquids pneumatically during rotation and so facilitates automation of the workflow. The microfluidic cartridge is fabricated from transparent thermoplastic polymers and accommodates assay components along with an embedded micropillar array for detection and read-out. A panel of oligonucleotide primers and probes has been developed to perform PCR and hybridization assays that allows for identification of five different viruses, including pathogens such as norovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a multiplexed format using digoxigenin-labelled amplicons and immunoenzymatic conversion of a chromogenic substrate. Using endpoint detection, we demonstrate that the system can accurately and repetitively (n = 3) discriminate positive and negative signals for HAV at 350 genome copies per μL. As part of the characterization and optimization process, we show that the implementation of multiple (e.g., seven) micropillar arrays in a narrow fluidic pathway can lead to variation (up to 50% or more) in the distribution of colorimetric signal deriving from the assay. Numerical modeling of flow behaviour was used to substantiate these findings. The technology-by virtue of automation-can provide a pathway toward rapid detection of viral pathogens, shortening response time in food safety surveillance, compliance, and enforcement as well as outbreak investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Geissler
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Daniel Brassard
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Nadine Adam
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Neda Nasheri
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ana Victoria C Pilar
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Kyle Tapp
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Liviu Clime
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Caroline Miville-Godin
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Maxence Mounier
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Christina Nassif
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Ljuboje Lukic
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Lidija Malic
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Corneau
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Teodor Veres
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li JH, Jing D, Wang Y, Xu J, Yu J, Du H, Chen Q, Tang S, Zhang XF, Dai YC. Establishment and application of a rapid assay for GII.4/GII.17 NoV detection based on the combination of CRISPR/Cas13a and isothermal amplification. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334387. [PMID: 38389528 PMCID: PMC10881755 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most important agents responsible for viral acute gastroenteritis, among which GII.4 NoV is the predominant strain worldwide, and GII.17 NoV surpassed GII.4 in some epidemic seasons. Rapid and accurate gene recognition is essential for a timely response to NoV outbreaks. Methods In the present study, the highly conserved regions of GII.4 and GII.17 NoVs were identified in the junction of open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2 and then amplified by isothermal recombinase-aided amplification (RAA), followed by the cleavage of CRISPR-Cas13a with screened CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) and RAA primers. The entire detection procedure could be completed within 40 min using a thermostat, and the results could be read out by the naked eye under a portable blue light transilluminator. Discussion The assay showed a high sensitivity of 97.96% and a high specificity of 100.0%. It offered a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5×100 copies/reaction and a coincidence rate of 96.75% in 71 clinical fecal samples. Overall, rapid and inexpensive detection of GII.4/GII.17 NoVs was established, which makes it possible to be used in areas with limited resources, particularly in low-income countries. Furthermore, it will contribute to assessing transmission risks and implementing control measures for GII.4/GII.17 NoVs, making healthcare more accessible worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Heng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duona Jing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huisha Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Fu Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Chun Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Narwankar R, Esseili MA. Replication of Human Norovirus in Human Intestinal Enteroids Is Affected by Fecal Sample Processing. Viruses 2024; 16:241. [PMID: 38400017 PMCID: PMC10893307 DOI: 10.3390/v16020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) culture is an emerging model for assessing the infectivity of human noroviruses (HuNoVs). The model is based on detecting an increase in HuNoV RNA post-infection of HIEs. HuNoV fecal samples used for HIE infection are traditionally processed by serial filtration. Recently, processing HuNoV fecal samples by serial centrifugation was shown to retain vesicles containing HuNoV. The objective of this study was to investigate whether serially centrifuged fecal samples, RNA extraction kit (QIAamp versus MagMaX) and HIE age (newer versus older) affect HuNoV RNA fold increase in HIE. HuNoV GII.1, GII.4 and GII.6 fecal samples were prepared by serial centrifugation and filtration and the viral RNA in HIE was quantified at 1 and 72 h post-infection (hpi) following RNA extraction and RT-qPCR. The serially filtered GII.1, GII.4 and GII.6 showed successful replication in HIE, resulting in mean log increases of 2.2, 2 and 1.2, respectively, at 72 vs. 1 hpi. In contrast, only serially centrifuged GII.1 showed consistently successful replication. However, using newer HIE passages and the MagMAX kit resulted in mean log fold increases for serially centrifuged GII.1, GII.4 and GII.6 (1.6, 2.3 and 1.8 log, respectively) that were similar to serially filtered samples. Therefore, HuNoV fecal sample processing and HIE age can affect virus replication in the HIE model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Malak A. Esseili
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chatterjee S, Kordbacheh R, Sin J. Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Mode of Viral Propagation Exploited by Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses. Microorganisms 2024; 12:274. [PMID: 38399678 PMCID: PMC10892846 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-enclosed structures that have gained much attention from researchers across varying scientific fields in the past few decades. Cells secrete diverse types of EVs into the extracellular milieu which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. These EVs play a crucial role in facilitating intracellular communication via the transport of proteins, lipids, DNA, rRNA, and miRNAs. It is well known that a number of viruses hijack several cellular pathways involved in EV biogenesis to aid in their replication, assembly, and egress. On the other hand, EVs can also trigger host antiviral immune responses by carrying immunomodulatory molecules and viral antigens on their surface. Owing to this intricate relationship between EVs and viruses, intriguing studies have identified various EV-mediated viral infections and interrogated how EVs can alter overall viral spread and longevity. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the EV-virus relationship, and details various modes of EV-mediated viral spread in the context of clinically relevant enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon Sin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 1325 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA; (S.C.); (R.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Udompat P, Srimuang K, Doungngern P, Thippamom N, Petcharat S, Rattanatumhi K, Khiewbanyang S, Taweewigyakarn P, Kripattanapong S, Ninwattana S, Supataragul A, Sterling SL, Klungthong C, Joonlasak K, Manasatienkij W, Cotrone TS, Fernandez S, Wacharapluesadee S, Putcharoen O. An unusual diarrheal outbreak in the community in Eastern Thailand caused by Norovirus GII.3[P25]. Virol J 2024; 21:21. [PMID: 38243289 PMCID: PMC10797983 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sentinel laboratory surveillance for diarrheal disease determined norovirus to be the most common cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. An increase in patients presenting with diarrhea and vomiting in hospitals across Chanthaburi province between December 2021 and January 2022 led to the need for the identification of viral pathogens that may be responsible for the outbreak. METHODS Fecal samples (rectal swabs or stool) from 93 patients, of which 65 patients were collected during the December 2021 to January 2022 outbreak, were collected and screened for viral infection by real-time RT-PCR. Positive samples for norovirus GII were then genotyped by targeted amplification and sequencing of partial polymerase and capsid genes. Full genome sequencing was performed from the predominant strain, GII.3[P25]. RESULTS Norovirus was the most common virus detected in human fecal samples in this study. 39 of 65 outbreak samples (60%) and 3 of 28 (10%) non-outbreak samples were positive for norovirus genogroup II. One was positive for rotavirus, and one indicated co-infection with rotavirus and norovirus genogroups I and II. Nucleotide sequences of VP1 and RdRp gene were successfully obtained from 28 of 39 positive norovirus GII and used for dual-typing; 25/28 (89.3%) were GII.3, and 24/28 (85.7) were GII.P25, respectively. Norovirus GII.3[P25] was the predominant strain responsible for this outbreak. The full genome sequence of norovirus GII.3[P25] from our study is the first reported in Thailand and has 98.62% and 98.57% similarity to norovirus found in China in 2021 and the USA in 2022, respectively. We further demonstrate the presence of multiple co-circulating norovirus genotypes, including GII.21[P21], GII.17[P17], GII.3[P12] and GII.4[P31] in our study. CONCLUSIONS An unusual diarrhea outbreak was found in December 2021 in eastern Thailand. Norovirus strain GII.3[P25] was the cause of the outbreak and was first detected in Thailand. The positive rate during GII.3[P25] outbreak was six times higher than sporadic cases (GII.4), and, atypically, adults were the primary infected population rather than children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krongkan Srimuang
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Doungngern
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Nattakarn Thippamom
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sininat Petcharat
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Khwankamon Rattanatumhi
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirorat Khiewbanyang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Pantila Taweewigyakarn
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Somkid Kripattanapong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Sasiprapa Ninwattana
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ananporn Supataragul
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Spencer L Sterling
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chonticha Klungthong
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Khajohn Joonlasak
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wudtichai Manasatienkij
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thomas S Cotrone
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Wacharapluesadee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Opass Putcharoen
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lo M, Doan YH, Mitra S, Saha R, Miyoshi SI, Kitahara K, Dutta S, Oka T, Chawla-Sarkar M. Comprehensive full genome analysis of norovirus strains from eastern India, 2017-2021. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:3. [PMID: 38238807 PMCID: PMC10797879 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in people of all age groups. In India, norovirus rates between 1.4 to 44.4% have been reported. Only a very few complete norovirus genome sequences from India have been reported. OBJECTIVE To perform full genome sequencing of noroviruses circulating in India during 2017-2021, identify circulating genotypes, assess evolution including detection of recombination events. METHODOLOGY Forty-five archived norovirus-positive samples collected between October 2017 to July 2021 from patients with AGE from two hospitals in Kolkata, India were processed for full genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis, recombination breakpoint analysis and comprehensive mutation analysis were also performed. RESULTS Full genome analysis of norovirus sequences revealed that strains belonging to genogroup (G)I were genotyped as GI.3[P13]. Among the different norovirus capsid-polymerase combinations, GII.3[P16], GII.4 Sydney[P16], GII.4 Sydney[P31], GII.13[P16], GII.16[P16] and GII.17 were identified. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed phylogenetic relatedness with previously reported norovirus strains and all viruses were analyzed by Simplot. GII[P16] viruses with multiple residue mutations within the non-structural region were detected among circulating GII.4 and GII.3 strains. Comprehensive mutation analysis and selection pressure analysis of GII[P16] viruses showed positive as well as negative selection sites. A GII.17 strain (NICED-BCH-11889) had an untypeable polymerase type, closely related to GII[P38]. CONCLUSION This study highlights the circulation of diverse norovirus strains in eastern India. These findings are important for understanding norovirus epidemiology in India and may have implications for future vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahadeb Lo
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Rd, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, West Bengal, India
| | - Yen Hai Doan
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suvrotoa Mitra
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Rd, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritubrita Saha
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Rd, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, West Bengal, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kei Kitahara
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tomoichiro Oka
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Rd, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yi HW, Wang XM, Tan X, Ding CZ, Zhang CL, Wu JH, Li Q, Xin CQ, Fan W. Simultaneous detection of human norovirus GI, GII and SARS-CoV-2 by a quantitative one-step triplex RT-qPCR. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1269275. [PMID: 38260899 PMCID: PMC10800780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1269275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are many similarities in the clinical manifestations of human norovirus and SARS-CoV-2 infections, and nucleic acid detection is the gold standard for diagnosing both diseases. In order to expedite the identification of norovirus and SARS-CoV-2, a quantitative one-step triplex reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method was designed in this paper. Methods A one-step triplex RT-qPCR assay was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of human norovirus GI (NoV-GI), GII (NoV-GII) and SARS-CoV-2 from fecal specimens. Results The triplex RT-qPCR assay had high detection reproducibility (CV < 1%) and sensitivity. The lower limits of detection (LLOD95) of the triplex RT-qPCR assay for each target site were 128.5-172.8 copies/mL, and LLOD95 of the singleplex RT-qPCR assay were 110.3-142.0 copies/mL. Meanwhile, among the detection of clinical oropharyngeal swabs and fecal specimens, the results of the singleplex and triplex RT-qPCR assay showed high agreement. Conclusion The triplex RT-qPCR assay for simultaneous detection of NoV-GI, NoV-GII and SARS-CoV-2 from fecal specimens has high clinical application value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xian-Mo Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Health Science Center of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Cai-Zhi Ding
- The People's Hospital of Songzi, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Chang-Li Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Hao Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Chen-Qi Xin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tao L, Zhang X, Wang X, Ding J. Using molecular methods to delineate norovirus outbreaks: a systematic review. Arch Virol 2024; 169:16. [PMID: 38172375 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Noroviruses are among the major causative agents of human acute gastroenteritis, and the nature of norovirus outbreaks can differ considerably. The number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between strains is used to assess their relationships. There is currently no universally accepted cutoff value for clustering strains that define an outbreak or linking the individuals involved. This study was conducted to estimate the threshold value of genomic variations among related strains within norovirus outbreaks. We carried out a literature search in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. SNP rates were defined as the number of SNPs/sequence length (bp) × 100%. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used in comparisons of the distribution of SNP rates for different sequence regions, genogroups (GI and GII), transmission routes, and sequencing methods. A total of 25 articles reporting on 108 norovirus outbreaks were included. In 99.1% of the outbreaks, the SNP rates were below 0.50%, and in 89.8%, the SNP rates were under 0.20%. Outbreak strains showed higher SNP rates when the P2 domain was used for sequence analysis (Z = -2.652, p = 0.008) and when an NGS method was used (Z = -3.686, p < 0.001). Outbreaks caused by different norovirus genotypes showed no significant difference in SNP rates. Compared with person-to-person outbreaks, SNP rates were lower in common-source outbreaks, but no significant difference was found when differences in sequencing methods were taken into consideraton. SNP rates under 0.20% and 0.50% could be considered as the rigorous and relaxed threshold, respectively, of strain similarity within a norovirus outbreak. More data are needed to evaluate differences within and between various norovirus outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luqiu Tao
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Zizhulin 2, 210003, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, 211166, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Zizhulin 2, 210003, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, 211166, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Zizhulin 2, 210003, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Zizhulin 2, 210003, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, 211166, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tenge V, Vijayalakshmi Ayyar B, Ettayebi K, Crawford SE, Shen YT, Neill FH, Atmar RL, Estes MK. Bile acid-sensitive human norovirus strains are susceptible to sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 inhibition. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.02.573926. [PMID: 38260626 PMCID: PMC10802320 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a diverse group of RNA viruses that cause both endemic and pandemic acute viral gastroenteritis. Previously we reported that many strains of HuNoV require bile or bile acid (BA) to infect human jejunal intestinal enteroid cultures. Of note, BA was not essential for replication of a pandemic-causing GII.4 HuNoV strain. Using the BA-requiring strain GII.3, we found that the hydrophobic BA GCDCA induces multiple cellular responses that promote replication in jejunal enteroids. Further, we found that chemical inhibition of the G-protein coupled receptor, sphingosine-1- phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), by JTE-013 reduced both GII.3 infection in a dose- dependent manner and cellular uptake in enteroids. Herein, we sought to determine if S1PR2 is required by other BA-dependent HuNoV strains and BA-independent GII.4, and if S1PR2 is required for BA-dependent HuNoV infection in other segments of the small intestine. We found JTE-013 inhibition of S1PR2 in jejunal HIEs reduces GI.1, GII.3, and GII.17 (BA-dependent) but not the GII.4 Sydney variant (BA-independent) infection, providing additional evidence of strain-specific differences in HuNoV infection. GII.3 infection of duodenal, jejunal and ileal lines derived from the same individual was also reduced with S1PR2 inhibition, indicating a common mechanism of BA-dependent infection among multiple segments of the small intestine. Our results support a model where BA-dependent HuNoV exploit the activation of S1PR2 by BA to infect the entire small intestine. Importance Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are important viral human pathogens that cause both outbreaks and sporadic gastroenteritis. These viruses are diverse, and many strains are capable of infecting humans. Our previous studies have identified strain-specific requirements for hydrophobic bile acids (BAs) to infect intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, we identified a BA receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), required for infection by a BA-dependent strain. To better understand how various HuNoV strains enter and infect the small intestine and the role of S1PR2 in HuNoV infection, we evaluated infection by additional HuNoV strains using an expanded repertoire of intestinal enteroid cell lines. We found that multiple BA-dependent strains, but not a BA- independent strain, all required S1PR2 for infection. Additionally, BA-dependent infection required S1PR2 in multiple segments of the small intestine. Together these results indicate S1PR2 has value as a potential therapeutic target for BA-dependent HuNoV infection.
Collapse
|
35
|
Mangeri L, Righi F, Benevenia R, Galuppini E, Tilola M, Bertasi B, Tranquillo V, Rubini S, Losio MN, Filipello V. Monitoring and Genotyping of Norovirus in Bivalve Molluscan Shellfish from Northern Italian Seas (2018-2020). Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:27-35. [PMID: 37878812 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is an enteric virus with foodborne transmission. Bivalve shellfish are a main source of infections and outbreaks. In Italy a voluntary based monitoring plan to check the safety of bivalve shellfish was set up at provincial level. This study describes the occurrence and distribution of NoV in the Northern Adriatic Sea and in the Ligurian Sea. From October 2018 to September 2020, 807 bivalve shellfish samples (n = 205 oysters, n = 182 mussels, n = 348 clams, n = 72 other bivalve shellfish) were tested by One-Step Retrotranscription Real-time polymerase chain reaction for NoV GI and GII and quantified according to the ISO 15216-2:2013 and ISO 15216-1:2017. Positive samples were further analyzed to determine genotype by sequencing of the ORF1/ORF2 junction of the viral genome. A total of 126 samples were positive for NoV, mussels, and oysters had the highest probability of being positive and positive samples were found mainly in the colder season. Of these samples, 46% were NoV GII, 13% NoV GI, and 40% carried both genogroups. Thirty-seven samples were typeable (GI n = 12 and GII n = 25) with GI samples belonging to four genotypes and GII samples belonging to five genotypes. GII.3 genotype was the most prevalent, followed by GII.4, particularly Sydney 2012 subtype, a leading cause of infections worldwide, was found in three oysters' and three clams' samples. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a high heterogeneity among the species that are scattered in several clusters. Considering the low infectious dose the overall presence of NoV in edible shellfish, particular those to be eaten raw or undercooked, is moderately high. The presence of genotypes frequently involved in human infections strengthens the need for ongoing monitoring, which should be extended at national level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mangeri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Righi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Benevenia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Galuppini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Tilola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Bertasi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Milano, Italy
| | - Vito Tranquillo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Silva Rubini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Cassana, Italy
| | - Marina Nadia Losio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Milano, Italy
| | - Virginia Filipello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Giri S, Chhabra P, Kulkarni R, Reju S, Sabapathy SK, Selvarajan S, Varghese T, Kalaivanan M, Dorairaj P, Kalrao V, Mankar S, Sangamnerkar M, Purushothaman GKC, Srikanth P, Kang G, Vinjé J. Hospital-based norovirus surveillance in children <5 years of age from 2017 to 2019 in India. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29384. [PMID: 38235830 PMCID: PMC10875411 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
After the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine into the Universal Immunization Program in India in 2016, relatively few studies have assessed the prevalence and epidemiological patterns of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among hospitalized children ≤5 years of age. We used a uniform protocol to recruit children with AGE as well as standardized testing and typing protocols. Stool specimens from children with AGE younger than 5 years of age admitted to six hospitals in three cities in India were collected from January 2017 through December 2019. Norovirus was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) followed by typing positive specimens by conventional RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Norovirus was detected in 322 (14.8%) of 2182 specimens with the highest rate in 2018 (17.6%, 146/829), followed by 2019 (14.4%, 122/849) and 2017 (10.7%, 54/504). Rotavirus vaccine status was known for 91.6% of the children of which 70.4% were vaccinated and 29.6% not. Norovirus positivity in rotavirus-vaccinated children was 16.3% and 12% in unvaccinated children. GII.4 Sydney[P16] (39.3%), GII.4 Sydney[P31] (18.7%), GII.2[P16] (10%), GI.3[P13] (6.8%), GII.3[P16] (5.9%), and GII.13[P16] (5%) accounted for 85.8% (188/219) of the typed strains. Our data highlight the importance of norovirus in Indian children hospitalized with AGE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Giri
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Preeti Chhabra
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ruta Kulkarni
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Sudhabharathi Reju
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Sabapathy
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Epidemiology (NIE), Chennai, India
| | - Sribal Selvarajan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, India
| | - Tintu Varghese
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Vijay Kalrao
- Bharati Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | - Padma Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, India
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chhabra P, Tully DC, Mans J, Niendorf S, Barclay L, Cannon JL, Montmayeur AM, Pan CY, Page N, Williams R, Tutill H, Roy S, Celma C, Beard S, Mallory ML, Manouana GP, Velavan TP, Adegnika AA, Kremsner PG, Lindesmith LC, Hué S, Baric RS, Breuer J, Vinjé J. Emergence of Novel Norovirus GII.4 Variant. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:163-167. [PMID: 38063078 PMCID: PMC10756382 DOI: 10.3201/eid3001.231003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We detected a novel GII.4 variant with an amino acid insertion at the start of epitope A in viral protein 1 of noroviruses from the United States, Gabon, South Africa, and the United Kingdom collected during 2017-2022. Early identification of GII.4 variants is crucial for assessing pandemic potential and informing vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet Mans
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Sandra Niendorf
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Leslie Barclay
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Jennifer L. Cannon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Anna M. Montmayeur
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Chao-Yang Pan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Nicola Page
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Rachel Williams
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Helena Tutill
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Sunando Roy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Cristina Celma
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Stuart Beard
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Michael L. Mallory
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Gédéon Prince Manouana
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Lisa C. Lindesmith
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Stéphane Hué
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Judith Breuer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (P. Chhabra, L. Barclay, J.L. Cannon, A.M. Montmayeur, J. Vinjé)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK (D.C. Tully, S. Hué)
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J. Mans, N. Page)
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany (S. Niendorf)
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (C.-Y. Pan)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa (N. Page)
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London (R. Williams, H. Tutill, S. Roy, J. Breuer)
- UK Health Security Agency, London (C. Celma, S. Beard)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.L. Mallory, L.C. Lindesmith, R.S. Baric)
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (G.P. Manouana, T.P. Velavan, A.A. Adegnika)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon (G.P. Manouana, A.A. Adegnika, P.G. Kremsner)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam (T.P. Velavan)
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen (A.A. Adegnika)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chuchaona W, Vongpunsawad S, Lawtongkum W, Thepnarong N, Poovorawan Y. Acute Gastroenteritis Associated with Norovirus GII.8[P8], Thailand, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:194-197. [PMID: 38147526 PMCID: PMC10756372 DOI: 10.3201/eid3001.231264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis associated with human norovirus infection was reported in Phuket, Thailand, in June 2023. We amplified GII.8[P8] from the outbreak stool specimens. Retrospective sample analysis identified infrequent GII.8[P8] in the country beginning in 2018. In all, the 10 whole-genome GII.8[P8] sequences from Thailand we examined had no evidence of genotypic recombination.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mao M, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Geng H, Xue L, Liu D. Spatial Distribution and Enrichment Dynamics of Foodborne Norovirus in Oyster Tissues. Foods 2023; 13:128. [PMID: 38201156 PMCID: PMC10778453 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of norovirus in oysters poses a significant threat to food safety, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of contamination patterns. This study explores the temporal dynamics of norovirus distribution in various oyster tissues over a contamination period ranging from 6 to 96 h. Four tissues-the gill, palp, digestive gland, and stomach-were subjected to systematic monitoring using RT-qPCR for absolute quantification. Results revealed rapid norovirus detection in all tissues six hours post-contamination, with subsequent variations in detection rates. Gill and digestive gland tissues exhibited a peak in detection at 12-24 h, aligning with the oyster's gastrointestinal circulatory system. The digestive gland, distinguished by specific enrichment and adsorption capabilities, demonstrated the highest virus concentration at 48 h. In contrast, the stomach displayed a reemergence of norovirus. Beyond 72 h, detection remained exclusive to the digestive gland, with Ct values comparable to earlier time points. At 96 h, a limited amount of norovirus was detected in the digestive gland, emphasizing the importance for timely monitoring. In addition to providing critical insights into optimal detection strategies, these findings highlight the time-related characteristics of norovirus contamination in oysters. The study identifies the digestive gland as a key target for reliable monitoring, providing valuable data to improve protocols for reducing hazards associated with oyster consumption and foodborne norovirus infections. This research contributes to the understanding of norovirus dynamics in oyster tissues and reinforces current efforts aimed at ensuring food safety and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (M.M.); (Z.Z.)
- Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center, Shanghai Customs District P. R. China, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Zilei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (M.M.); (Z.Z.)
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Communication Department, Shanghai Customs College, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xuchong Zhao
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250021, China;
| | - Haoran Geng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Liang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (M.M.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Danlei Liu
- Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center, Shanghai Customs District P. R. China, Shanghai 200335, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yu JR, Xie DJ, Li JH, Koroma MM, Wang L, Wang Y, Jing DN, Xu JY, Yu JX, Du HS, Zhou FY, Liang ZY, Zhang XF, Dai YC. Serological surveillance of GI norovirus reveals persistence of blockade antibody in a Jidong community-based prospective cohort, 2014-2018. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1258550. [PMID: 38188632 PMCID: PMC10766831 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1258550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herd immunity against norovirus (NoV) is poorly understood in terms of its serological properties and vaccine designs. The precise neutralizing serological features of genotype I (GI) NoV have not been studied. Methods To expand insights on vaccine design and herd immunity of NoVs, seroprevalence and seroincidence of NoV genotypes GI.2, GI.3, and GI.9 were determined using blockade antibodies based on a 5-year longitudinal serosurveillance among 449 residents in Jidong community. Results Correlation between human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and GI NoV, and dynamic and persistency of antibodies were also analyzed. Seroprevalence of GI.2, GI.3, and GI.9 NoV were 15.1%-18.0%, 35.0%-38.8%, and 17.6%-22.0%; seroincidences were 10.0, 21.0, and 11.0 per 100.0 person-year from 2014 to 2018, respectively. Blockade antibodies positive to GI.2 and GI.3 NoV were significantly associated with HBGA phenotypes, including blood types A, B (excluding GI.3), and O+; Lewis phenotypes Leb+/Ley+ and Lea+b+/Lex+y+; and secretors. The overall decay rate of anti-GI.2 antibody was -5.9%/year (95% CI: -7.1% to -4.8%/year), which was significantly faster than that of GI.3 [-3.6%/year (95% CI: -4.6% to -2.6%/year)] and GI.9 strains [-4.0%/year (95% CI: -4.7% to -3.3%/year)]. The duration of anti-GI.2, GI.3, and GI.9 NoV antibodies estimated by generalized linear model (GLM) was approximately 2.3, 4.2, and 4.8 years, respectively. Discussion In conclusion, enhanced community surveillance of GI NoV is needed, and even one-shot vaccine may provide coast-efficient health benefits against GI NoV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong-Jie Xie
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Heng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mark Momoh Koroma
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo-Na Jing
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yi Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Xuan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Sha Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Fu Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Chun Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yu Y, Han F, Yang M, Zhang X, Chen Y, Yu M, Wang Y. Pseudomonas composti isolate from oyster digestive tissue specifically binds with norovirus GII.6 via Psl extracellular polysaccharide. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 406:110369. [PMID: 37666026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Oysters are recognized as important vectors for human norovirus transmission in the environment. Whether norovirus binds to bacteria in oyster digestive tissues (ODTs) remains unknown. To shed light on this concern, ODT-54 and ODT-32, positive for histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) -like substances, were isolated from ODTs and identified as Pseudomonas composti and Enterobacter cloacae, respectively. The binding of noroviruses (GII.4 and GII.6 P domains) to bacterial cells (ODT-32 and ODT-54; in situ assay) as well as extracted extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs; in vitro assay) was analyzed by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, ELISA, and gene knock-out mutants. ODT-32 bound to neither GII.4 nor GII.6 P domains, while ODT-54 specifically binds with GII.6 P domain through Psl, an exopolysaccharide encoded by the polysaccharide synthesis locus (psl), identified based on gene annotation, gene transcription, Psl specific staining, and ELISAs. These findings attest that ODT bacteria specifically bind with certain norovirus genotypes in a strain-dependent manner, contributing to a better understanding of the transmission and enrichment of noroviruses in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxia Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Srivastava P, Prasad D. Human Norovirus Detection: How Much Are We Prepared? Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:531-544. [PMID: 37792418 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is known to be the second nonbacterial enteric pathogen after rotavirus that causes acute gastroenteritis. They can be spread from person to person through fecal-oral routes. Infection can lead to severe diarrhea, causing stomach pain, vomiting, and nausea. Rapid detection of NoV can control huge economic and productive losses. Genotyping various emerging NoV strains is important to compare the severity among different strains. Conventional immunological and molecular methods have evolved and contributed to developing detection techniques. Immunological (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and molecular detection (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR], RT-quantitative PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, nucleic acid sequence-based alignment, recombinase polymerase amplification) methods have been mainly used. The development of biosensors using aptasensor, affinity peptides, nanoparticles, microfluidics, and so on, are currently the most researched topics. The availability of next-generation sequencing technologies has greatly influenced the diagnosis of NoV. The complementation of advanced technologies is helpful in identification of new variants. In this study, techniques that are useful in detecting NoV are discussed. This review has investigated the availability of recent methods used in the detection, present status, and futuristic plan of action in case of outbreak and pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pulkit Srivastava
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Dinesh Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Siafakas N, Anastassopoulou C, Lafazani M, Chronopoulou G, Rizos E, Pournaras S, Tsakris A. Predominance of Recombinant Norovirus Strains in Greece, 2016-2018. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2885. [PMID: 38138029 PMCID: PMC10745620 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
GII.4 noroviruses have caused the overwhelming majority of norovirus-related gastroenteritis cases during the past two decades. However, a trend towards the emergence of new genotypes and novel GII.4 variants provided the impetus to explore further the changing patterns in norovirus epidemiology during the present study. Genotyping of 60 norovirus strains detected during a period of 33 months (January 2016-October 2018) was performed on the basis of the capsid VP1-coding ORF2 gene sequence. All norovirus strains detected were classified into seven genotypes, six of which belonged to genogroup GII. GII.2 was the dominant genotype till February 2017, whereas GII.4 prevailed thereafter. Most of the GII.4 strains were of the Sydney_2012 variant, whereas five strains could not be classified. Further recombination analysis at the ORF1/ORF2 gene junction revealed that 23 out of 24 strains were recombinant, thereby showcasing the significant role of genetic recombination in norovirus evolution and epidemiology. Continuous genomic surveillance and molecular characterization are essential for tracking norovirus evolution, which could contribute to the elucidation of new aspects of virus-host interactions that potentially affect host morbidity and epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Siafakas
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, ATTIKON University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Lafazani
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, ATTIKON University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Genovefa Chronopoulou
- Biopathology Department, Athens Medical Center, 5-7 Distomou Str., 15125 Marousi, Greece;
| | - Emmanouil Rizos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, ATTIKON University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Spyridon Pournaras
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, ATTIKON University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cupido DT, de Beer C. Screening for viral pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract from cases of sudden unexpected death in infancy at the Tygerberg Medico-legal Mortuary. Virol J 2023; 20:281. [PMID: 38031160 PMCID: PMC10688011 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden and unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) may be triggered by an external risk or exposure. Intestinal infections with enteric viruses may disrupt the gut and enhance bacterial toxins present in SUDI cases. While diarrhoeal disease deaths have decreased worldwide, approximately half a million deaths still occur in children in Sub- Saharan Africa and South Asia. Furthermore, the role of viral enteropathogens in SUDI cases have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to describe specific viral pathogens in stool samples collected from SUDI cases and age-matched, apparently healthy infants in Cape Town, South Africa. Stool samples were collected from 176 SUDI cases between June 2017 and May 2018. In addition, stool samples were collected from the nappies of 30 age-matched, apparently healthy infants as a control group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on the stool samples for viral detection. A total of 111 SUDI cases were positive for viruses, with rotavirus (38.6%; 68/176) and norovirus GI and GII (30.0%; 53/176) were prevalent in SUDI cases. Adenovirus Type F was present in only 15.9% (28/176), astrovirus in 9.7% (17/176), and sapovirus in 0.6% (1/176) of cases. In the control samples, norovirus GII was detected most frequently (36.7%; 11/30), followed by rotavirus (33.3%; 10/30), and sapovirus in 6.7% (2/30). While there was no significant association between SUDI cases and enteric viruses, the majority of viruses were significantly associated with the seasons. The study confirms the importance of rotavirus vaccination and describes the significance of norovirus infection in children, post rotavirus vaccine introduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle T Cupido
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Corena de Beer
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sá R, Roque J, Marques Mendes P, Gonçalves I, Sousa J, Matos C, Júnior Á, Coelho A, Belo Correia C, Manageiro V, Minetti C, de Sousa R, Horta Correia F. Prevention, protocols, and lab capacity: lessons from a norovirus outbreak in the Algarve. Arch Virol 2023; 168:299. [PMID: 38015274 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This brief report presents the findings of an epidemiological investigation into a large-scale outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis that occurred in a hotel in Algarve, Portugal, in August 2022. A total of 244 cases were reported, primarily affecting Portuguese families, with the parents aged 40-50 years and the children aged 0-19 years. Reported symptoms included vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea. Norovirus genotype GI.3 [P3] was detected in stool samples from eight probable cases, while food samples tested negative for norovirus and common pathogenic bacteria. The investigation data collected suggest that the source of the outbreak was likely in the hotel's common areas, with subsequent person-to-person transmission in other areas. The final report emphasizes the importance of improving outbreak prevention and control measures, including the development of a foodborne outbreak investigation protocol, the establishment of an outbreak response team, and the enhancement of regional laboratory capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Sá
- Public Health Unit, Algarve Central Health Centre Grouping, Regional Health Administration of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Joana Roque
- Public Health Unit, Algarve Central Health Centre Grouping, Regional Health Administration of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Marques Mendes
- Public Health Unit, Algarve Central Health Centre Grouping, Regional Health Administration of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês Gonçalves
- Public Health Unit, Algarve Barlavento Health Centre Grouping, Regional Health Administration of Algarve, Portimão, Portugal
| | - Judite Sousa
- Personalized Health Care Unit (UCSP) Albufeira, Algarve Central Health Centre Grouping, Regional Health Administration of Algarve, Albufeira, Portugal
| | - Cátia Matos
- Personalized Health Care Unit (UCSP) Albufeira, Algarve Central Health Centre Grouping, Regional Health Administration of Algarve, Albufeira, Portugal
| | | | - Anabela Coelho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Belo Correia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Corrado Minetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rita de Sousa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filomena Horta Correia
- Public Health Unit, Algarve Central Health Centre Grouping, Regional Health Administration of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bonura F, Filizzolo C, Pizzo M, Sanfilippo GL, Cacioppo F, Palazzotto E, Di Bernardo F, Collura A, Martella V, De Grazia S, Giammanco GM. Biological Specimen Banking as a Time Capsule to Explore the Temporal Dynamics of Norovirus Epidemiology. Viruses 2023; 15:2303. [PMID: 38140544 PMCID: PMC10747129 DOI: 10.3390/v15122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is recognised as a major cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups. Information on the genetic diversity of the noroviruses circulating in the 1980s and 1990s, before the development and adoption of dedicated molecular assays, is limited compared with the last decades. Between 1986 and 2020, uninterrupted viral surveillance was conducted in symptomatic children hospitalized with AGE in Palermo, Italy, providing a unique time capsule for exploring the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of enteric viruses. A total of 8433 stool samples were tested using real-time RT-PCR. All samples were stored at -20 or -80 °C until processing. In this 35-year long time span, noroviruses of genogroup II (GII) were detected in 15.6% of AGE requiring hospitalization, whilst GI noroviruses were detected in 1.4% of AGE. Overall, the predominant norovirus capsid (Cap) genotype was GII.4 (60.8%), followed by GII.3 (13.3%) and GII.2 (12.4%). Temporal replacement of the GII.4 Cap variants associated with different polymerase (Pol) types were observed over the study period. The chronology of emergence and circulation of the different GII.4 variants were consistent with data available in the literature. Also, for GII.3 and GII.2 NoVs, the circulation of different lineages/strains, differing in either the Cap or Pol genes or in both, was observed. This long-term study revealed the ability of noroviruses to continuously and rapidly modify their genomic makeup and highlights the importance of surveillance activities in vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Bonura
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.); (G.L.S.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Chiara Filizzolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.); (G.L.S.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Mariangela Pizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.); (G.L.S.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Giuseppa L. Sanfilippo
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.); (G.L.S.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Federica Cacioppo
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.); (G.L.S.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Emilia Palazzotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.); (G.L.S.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Francesca Di Bernardo
- Unità Operativa di Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedale Civico e di Cristina, ARNAS, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (F.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonina Collura
- Unità Operativa di Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedale Civico e di Cristina, ARNAS, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (F.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Vito Martella
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Simona De Grazia
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.); (G.L.S.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Giovanni M. Giammanco
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.); (G.L.S.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.G.); (G.M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Widström J, Andersson ME, Westin J, Wahllöf M, Lindh M, Rydell GE. Complex norovirus transmission dynamics at hospital wards revealed by deep sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0060823. [PMID: 37889018 PMCID: PMC10662361 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00608-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed knowledge regarding norovirus transmission within hospitals is limited. We investigated a norovirus hospital outbreak affecting 65 patients at five different wards. PCR showed that 61 (94%) of the patients were infected with genotype II.4 strains. Successful Ion Torrent deep sequencing of GII.4 positive samples from 59 patients followed by phylogenetic analysis revealed that all sequences but two clustered into four distinct clades. Two of the clades belonged to GII.4 Sydney 2012, while the other two belonged to GII.4 New Orleans 2009. One of the clades was predominant at two wards, while two clades were predominant at one ward each. The fourth clade was found in sporadic cases at several wards. Thus, at four out of five wards, variants from one clade were predominant. At one ward, a single clade accounted for all cases, while at three wards the predominant clade accounted for 60%-71% of cases. Analysis of quasispecies variation identified positions that could further discriminate between variants from separate wards. The results illustrate a complex transmission of healthcare-associated norovirus infections and show that sequencing can be used to discriminate between related and unrelated cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Widström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Westin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Wahllöf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustaf E. Rydell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ibaraki M, Lai L, Huerta C, Natrajan MS, Collins MH, Anderson EJ, Mulligan MJ, Rouphael N, Moe CL, Liu P. Blockade Antibody Responses in Human Subjects Challenged with a New Snow Mountain Virus Inoculum. Arch Microbiol Immunol 2023; 7:318-325. [PMID: 38707746 PMCID: PMC11067712 DOI: 10.26502/ami.936500129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in young children and adults worldwide. Snow Mountain Virus (SMV) is the prototype of NoV GII genotype 2 (GII.2) that has been developed as a viral model for human challenge studies, an important tool for studying pathogenesis and immune response of NoV infections and for evaluating NoV vaccine candidates. Previous studies have identified blockade antibodies that block the binding of NoV virus-like particles (VLPs) to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as a surrogate for neutralization in human Norwalk virus and GII.4 infections but little is known about SMV blockade antibodies. Methods In this secondary data analysis study, blockade antibodies were characterized in pre-challenge and post-challenge serum samples from human subjects challenged with a new SMV inoculum. The correlation between blockade antibody geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) and SMV-specific serum IgG/IgA GMTs were examined after stratifying the subjects by infection status. A linear mixed model was applied to test the association between HBGA blockade antibody concentrations and post-challenge days accounting for covariates and random effects. Results Laboratory results from 33 SMV inoculated individuals were analyzed and 75.7% (25/33) participants became infected. Serum SMV-specific blockade antibodies, IgA, and IgG were all significantly different between infected and uninfected individuals beginning day 15 post-challenge. Within infected individuals, a significant correlation was observed between both IgG and IgA and blockade antibody concentration as early as day 6 post-challenge. Analysis of blockade antibody using the linear mixed model showed that infected individuals, when compared to uninfected individuals, had a statistically significant increase in blockade antibody concentrations across the post-challenge days. Among the post-challenge days, blockade antibody concentrations on days 15, 30, and 45 were significantly higher than those observed pre-challenge. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis indicated that the variability of blockade antibody titers is more observed between individuals rather than within subjects. Conclusions These results indicate that HBGA-blockade antibody GMTs are generated after SMV challenge and the blockade antibodies were still detectable at day 45 post-challenge. These data indicate that the second-generation of SMV inoculum is highly effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ibaraki
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Grossman School of Medicine and New York University Vaccine Center, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Huerta
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Muktha S Natrajan
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew H Collins
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Grossman School of Medicine and New York University Vaccine Center, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine L Moe
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pengbo Liu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen Q, Ma J, Gao L, Xian R, Wei K, Shi A, Yuan F, Cao M, Zhao Y, Jin M, Kuai W. Determination and analysis of whole genome sequence of recombinant GII.6[P7] norovirus in Ningxia, China. Infect Genet Evol 2023; 115:105499. [PMID: 37734510 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
While the GII.4 norovirus was the predominant genotype, non-GII.4 genotype was increasingly focused since the non-GII.4 genotype caused regional epidemics. In this study, the detection rate was16.51% (183/1108) in Ningxia from January to December 2020. Among identified genotypes, GII.4[P31] and GII.4[P16] were the dominant genotypes (n = 20 and 18, respectively) while GII.6[P7] was the main type (n = 6) in non-GII.4 strains which was mainly detected in from May to July. The whole genome sequences of the norovirus diarrhea samples identified as GII.6 [P7] with Ct ≤ 30 collected in 2020 were determined. In this study, the complete genome sequences of norovirus strains PL20-044 and QTX20-071 were identified and analyzed phylogenetically. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF1and ORF2 regions showed that these strains evolved from the GII·P7-GII.6 strains detected in recent years from different country. The results showed that PL20-044 had intra-type recombination with GII·P7-GII.6c and GII·P7-GII.6a, while QTX20-071 had intre-type recombination within GII·P7-GII.6a. The evolutionary rates of the RdRp gene region of the GII·P7 genotype and the VP1 gene region of the GII.6 genotype were 2.91 × 10-3 (95%HPDs2.32-3.51 × 10-3) and 2.61 × 10-3 (95%HPDs2.14-3.11 × 10-3) substitutions/site/year, respectively. Comparative analysis of the amino acid mutation sites in VP1 with the GII·P7-GII.6a strains before 1997, the later detected strains have changed in aa131 and aa354. Moreover, PL20-044 strains showed special mutations at aa316 and aa395. These results help to understand the norovirus genotype circulating in the human population in Ningxia, and discover the evolutionary characteristics of the GII·P7-GII.6 strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yinchuan 750004, China; School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Jiangtao Ma
- Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yinchuan 750004, China; School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Ran Xian
- Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yinchuan 750004, China; School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Kaixin Wei
- Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yinchuan 750004, China; School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Anqi Shi
- Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yinchuan 750004, China; School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Min Cao
- Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Miao Jin
- National Institute for Viral Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Wenhe Kuai
- Ningxia Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fumian TM, Malta FC, Sarmento SK, Fernandes SB, Negri CM, Belettini SADA, Machado MH, Guimarães MAAM, de Assis RMS, Baduy GA, Fialho AM, Burlandy FM. Acute gastroenteritis outbreak associated with multiple and rare norovirus genotypes after storm events in Santa Catarina, Brazil. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29205. [PMID: 37933896 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Norovirus is a major cause of acute diarrheal disease (ADD) outbreaks worldwide. In the present study, we investigated an ADD outbreak caused by norovirus in several municipalities of Santa Catarina state during the summer season, southern Brazil in 2023. As of the 10th epidemiological week of 2023, approximately 87 000 ADD cases were reported, with the capital, Florianópolis, recording the highest number of cases throughout the weeks. By using RT-qPCR and sequencing, we detected 10 different genotypes, from both genogroups (G) I and II. Some rare genotypes were also identified. Additionally, rotavirus and human adenovirus were sporadically detected among the ADD cases. Several features of the outbreak suggest that sewage-contaminated water could played a role in the surge of ADD cases. Storm events in Santa Catarina state that preceded the outbreak likely increased the discharge of contaminated wastewater and stormwater into water bodies, such as rivers and beaches during a high touristic season in the state. Climate change-induced extreme weather events, including intensified rainfall and frequent floods, can disturb healthcare and sanitation systems. Implementing public policies for effective sanitation, particularly during peak times, is crucial to maintain environmental equilibrium and counter marine pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Correia Malta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Kahwage Sarmento
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Cynthia Maria Negri
- Central Laboratory of Public Health-LACEN, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Angelica Arpon Marandino Guimarães
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Maria Santos de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Assad Baduy
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Madi Fialho
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marcicano Burlandy
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|