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Guo X, Zhu X, Zhou S, Dong X. Serum levels of IL-9 and IL-11 serve as predictors for the occurrence of early neurologic deterioration in patients with cerebral infarction. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 558:119683. [PMID: 38643817 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Early neurological deterioration (END) is a common complication of cerebral infarction and a significant contributor to poor prognosis. Our study aimed to investigate the predictive value of interleukin-9 (IL-9) and interleukin-11 (IL-11) in relation to the occurrence of END in patients with cerebral infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS 102 patients with cerebral infarction and 64 healthy controls were collected. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the development of END following admission: the END group (n = 44) and the non-END group (n = 58). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the serum levels of IL-9, IL-11, and BDNF. RESULTS Serum IL-9 was higher and IL-11 lower in the END group than those in the non-END group (P < 0.01). IL-9 correlated positively with NIHSS score (r = 0.627) and infarction volume (r = 0.686), while IL-11 correlated negatively (r = -0.613, -0.679, respectively). Logistic regression identified age, NIHSS score, and IL-9 as risk factors (P < 0.01), and IL-11 as protective (P < 0.01). Combined IL-9 and IL-11 had an ROC curve area of 0.849. BDNF correlated negatively with IL-9 (r = -0.703) and positively with IL-11 (r = 0.711). CONCLUSION Serum IL-9 and IL-11 levels can predict the occurrence of END in patient with cerebral infarction and are correlated with serum BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Guo
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Yangzhong City, Yangzhong, Jiangsu 212200, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Yangzhong City, Yangzhong, Jiangsu 212200, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Yangzhong City, Yangzhong, Jiangsu 212200, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Xiaohong Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, China.
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Guadalupi L, Vanni V, Balletta S, Caioli S, De Vito F, Fresegna D, Sanna K, Nencini M, Donninelli G, Volpe E, Mariani F, Battistini L, Stampanoni Bassi M, Gilio L, Bruno A, Dolcetti E, Buttari F, Mandolesi G, Centonze D, Musella A. Interleukin-9 protects from microglia- and TNF-mediated synaptotoxicity in experimental multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:128. [PMID: 38745307 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation-driven synaptic abnormalities. Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is emerging as a pleiotropic cytokine involved in MS pathophysiology. METHODS Through biochemical, immunohistochemical, and electrophysiological experiments, we investigated the effects of both peripheral and central administration of IL-9 on C57/BL6 female mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS. RESULTS We demonstrated that both systemic and local administration of IL-9 significantly improved clinical disability, reduced neuroinflammation, and mitigated synaptic damage in EAE. The results unveil an unrecognized central effect of IL-9 against microglia- and TNF-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity. Two main mechanisms emerged: first, IL-9 modulated microglial inflammatory activity by enhancing the expression of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) and reducing TNF release. Second, IL-9 suppressed neuronal TNF signaling, thereby blocking its synaptotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS The data presented in this work highlight IL-9 as a critical neuroprotective molecule capable of interfering with inflammatory synaptopathy in EAE. These findings open new avenues for treatments targeting the neurodegenerative damage associated with MS, as well as other inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Guadalupi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanni
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Sara Balletta
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077, Italy
| | - Silvia Caioli
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077, Italy
| | | | - Diego Fresegna
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Krizia Sanna
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Monica Nencini
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Gloria Donninelli
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00143, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Volpe
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00143, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mariani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00143, Italy
| | | | - Luana Gilio
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077, Italy
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Ettore Dolcetti
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077, Italy
| | - Georgia Mandolesi
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, University of Rome San Raffaele, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Musella
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, University of Rome San Raffaele, Rome, 00166, Italy
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3
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Avery D, Morandini L, Sheakley L, Grabiec M, Olivares-Navarrete R. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells reduce inflammation and promote bone healing in response to titanium implants. Acta Biomater 2024; 179:385-397. [PMID: 38554889 PMCID: PMC11045310 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
T cells are adaptive immune cells essential in pathogenic response, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. During the integration of biomaterials with host tissue, T cells modify the local inflammatory environment by releasing cytokines that promote inflammatory resolution following implantation. T cells are vital for the modulation of innate immune cells, recruitment and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and formation of functional tissue around the biomaterial implant. We have demonstrated that deficiency of αβ T cells promotes macrophage polarization towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype and attenuates MSC recruitment and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The goal of this study was to understand how CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, subsets of the αβ T cell family, impact the inflammatory response to titanium (Ti) biomaterials. Deficiency of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells increased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages, lowered anti-inflammatory macrophages, and diminished MSC recruitment in vitro and in vivo. In addition, new bone formation at the implantation site was significantly reduced in T cell-deficient mice compared to T cell-competent mice. Deficiency of CD4+ T cells exacerbated these effects compared to CD8+ T cell deficiency. Our results show the importance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in modulating the inflammatory response and promoting new bone formation in response to modified Ti implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essential in modulating the peri-implant microenvironment during the inflammatory response to biomaterial implantation. This study shows that deficiency of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subsets altered macrophage polarization and reduced MSC recruitment and proliferation at the implantation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Avery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Lais Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Luke Sheakley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Melissa Grabiec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States.
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4
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Chan DC, Kim C, Kang RY, Kuhn MK, Beidler LM, Zhang N, Proctor EA. Cytokine expression patterns predict suppression of vulnerable neural circuits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.17.585383. [PMID: 38559177 PMCID: PMC10979954 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.17.585383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive amyloid plaque accumulation, tau tangle formation, neuroimmune dysregulation, synapse an neuron loss, and changes in neural circuit activation that lead to cognitive decline and dementia. Early molecular and cellular disease-instigating events occur 20 or more years prior to presentation of symptoms, making them difficult to study, and for many years amyloid-β, the aggregating peptide seeding amyloid plaques, was thought to be the toxic factor responsible for cognitive deficit. However, strategies targeting amyloid-β aggregation and deposition have largely failed to produce safe and effective therapies, and amyloid plaque levels poorly correlate with cognitive outcomes. However, a role still exists for amyloid-β in the variation in an individual's immune response to early, soluble forms of aggregates, and the downstream consequences of this immune response for aberrant cellular behaviors and creation of a detrimental tissue environment that harms neuron health and causes changes in neural circuit activation. Here, we perform functional magnetic resonance imaging of awake, unanesthetized Alzheimer's disease mice to map changes in functional connectivity over the course of disease progression, in comparison to wild-type littermates. In these same individual animals, we spatiotemporally profile the immune milieu by measuring cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors across various brain regions and over the course of disease progression from pre-pathology through established cognitive deficit. We identify specific signatures of immune activation predicting hyperactivity followed by suppression of intra- and then inter-regional functional connectivity in multiple disease-relevant brain regions, following the pattern of spread of amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - ChaeMin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Y Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lynne M Beidler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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5
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Dong Y, Zhang X, Wang Y. Interleukins in Epilepsy: Friend or Foe. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-023-01170-2. [PMID: 38265567 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with recurrent unprovoked seizures, affecting ~ 65 million worldwide. Evidence in patients with epilepsy and animal models suggests a contribution of neuroinflammation to epileptogenesis and the development of epilepsy. Interleukins (ILs), as one of the major contributors to neuroinflammation, are intensively studied for their association and modulatory effects on ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. ILs are commonly divided into pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore are expected to be pathogenic or neuroprotective in epilepsy. However, both protective and destructive effects have been reported for many ILs. This may be due to the complex nature of ILs, and also possibly due to the different disease courses that those ILs are involved in. In this review, we summarize the contributions of different ILs in those processes and provide a current overview of recent research advances, as well as preclinical and clinical studies targeting ILs in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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6
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Assiri MA, Albekairi TH, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Shahid M, Aldossari AA, Almutairi MM, Almanaa TN, Alwetaid MY, Ahmad SF. The Exposure to Lead (Pb) Exacerbates Immunological Abnormalities in BTBR T + Itpr 3tf/J Mice through the Regulation of Signaling Pathways Relevant to T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16218. [PMID: 38003408 PMCID: PMC10671427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental illness characterized by abnormal social interactions, communication difficulties, and repetitive and limited behaviors or interests. The BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice have been used extensively to research the ASD-like phenotype. Lead (Pb) is a hazardous chemical linked to organ damage in the human body. It is regarded as one of the most common metal exposure sources and has been connected to the development of neurological abnormalities. We used flow cytometry to investigate the molecular mechanism behind the effect of Pb exposure on subsets of CD4+ T cells in the spleen expressing IFN-γ, T-bet, STAT1, STAT4, IL-9, IRF4, IL-22, AhR, IL-10, and Foxp3. Furthermore, using RT-PCR, we studied the effect of Pb on the expression of numerous genes in brain tissue, including IFN-γ, T-bet, STAT1, STAT4, IL-9, IRF4, IL-22, AhR, IL-10, and Foxp3. Pb exposure increased the population of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+T-bet+, CD4+STAT1+, CD4+STAT4+, CD4+IL-9+, CD4+IRF4+, CD4+IL-22+, and CD4+AhR+ cells in BTBR mice. In contrast, CD4+IL-10+ and CD4+Foxp3+ cells were downregulated in the spleen cells of Pb-exposed BTBR mice compared to those treated with vehicle. Furthermore, Pb exposure led to a significant increase in IFN-γ, T-bet, STAT1, STAT4, IL-9, IRF4, IL-22, and AhR mRNA expression in BTBR mice. In contrast, IL-10 and Foxp3 mRNA expression was significantly lower in those treated with the vehicle. Our data suggest that Pb exposure exacerbates immunological dysfunctions associated with ASD. These data imply that Pb exposure may increase the risk of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (S.A.B.)
| | - Thamer H. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (S.A.B.)
| | - Mushtaq A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (S.A.B.)
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (S.A.B.)
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (S.A.B.)
| | - Saleh A. Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (S.A.B.)
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (S.A.B.)
| | - Mohammed M. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (S.A.B.)
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.Y.A.)
| | - Mohammad Y. Alwetaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.Y.A.)
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (S.A.B.)
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de Sena Rodrigues Júnior R, Antonia Nunes Gomes J, Alberto da Silva Dias G, Fujihara S, Toshimitsu Yoshikawa G, Vilela Lopes Koyama R, Catarina Medeiros Sousa R, Antonio Simões Quaresma J, Thais Fuzii H. T helper type 9 cell response and its role in the neurological clinic of patients with Human T-lymphotropic virus 1. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152740. [PMID: 37657359 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) affects 5-10 million individuals worldwide. Most of those infected with this virus remain asymptomatic; however, 0.25%-4% of individuals develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), while 2%-4% develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Understanding the immune response inherent in this infection is extremely important. The role of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells in HTLV-1 infection is well known; however, exploring the different subtypes of immune responses is also necessary. The role of Th9 cells in HTLV-1 infection and the mechanisms involved in their interference in the pathophysiological process of HAM/TSP is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profiles of PU.1, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4), and cytokine interleukin-9 (IL-9) during the induction of peripheral immune response and their role in the HTLV-1-infected patients' neurological symptoms. This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiology of Endemic Diseases and the Laboratory of Immunopathology, both from the Tropical Medicine Center at the Federal University of Pará. Assessment of neurological parameters was performed (gait, Expanded Kurtzke Disability State Scale (EDSS) score, upper and lower limb reflexes, Hoffman's sign, Babinski reflex, and clonus reflex). For Th9 cell analysis, peripheral blood samples were collected from HTLV-1-infected patients; then, the lymphomononuclear cells were separated followed by the isolation of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) synthesis each sample was carried out. The gene expression levels of PU.1, IRF-4, and IL-9 as well as those of constitutive genes (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β-actin) were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This study included 81 HTLV-1-infected patients, of whom 47 were asymptomatic, 13 were mono/oligosymptomatic (MOS), and 21 developed HAM/TSP. IL-9 was the least expressed gene among the three studied groups. The MOS group showed the lowest expression levels of PU.1, IRF-4, and IL-9. HAM/TSP patients showed lower IL-9 protein quantification. Negative correlations were found between IL and 9 and EDSS in MOS patients and between PU.1, EDSS, IRF-4, and EDSS in the HAM/TSP group. An association was found between IL and 9 and Babinski reflex in the HAM/TSP group, suggesting that this gene was more highly expressed in patients who did not have this pathological sign. Th9 cells may interfere with the neurological progression of HAM/TSP and act as a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satomi Fujihara
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Immunopathology Laboratory of Tropical Medicine Center. Federal University of Pará, Brazil; Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Brazil
| | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Immunopathology Laboratory of Tropical Medicine Center. Federal University of Pará, Brazil.
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Alwetaid MY, Almanaa TN, Bakheet SA, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Hussein MH, Ahmad SF. Aflatoxin B 1 Exposure Aggravates Neurobehavioral Deficits and Immune Dysfunctions of Th1, Th9, Th17, Th22, and T Regulatory Cell-Related Transcription Factor Signaling in the BTBR T +Itpr3 tf/J Mouse Model of Autism. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1519. [PMID: 38002479 PMCID: PMC10669727 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by impaired communication, reciprocal social interactions, restricted sociability deficits, and stereotyped behavioral patterns. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility have been implicated in an increased risk of ASD. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a typical contaminant of food and feed that causes severe immune dysfunction in humans and animals. Nevertheless, the impact of ASD on behavioral and immunological responses has not been thoroughly examined. To investigate this phenomenon, we subjected BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice to AFB1 and evaluated their marble-burying and self-grooming behaviors and their sociability. The exposure to AFB1 resulted in a notable escalation in marble-burying and self-grooming activities while concurrently leading to a decline in social contacts. In addition, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms that underlie the impact of AFB1 on the production of Th1 (IFN-γ, STAT1, and T-bet), Th9 (IL-9 and IRF4), Th17 (IL-17A, IL-21, RORγT, and STAT3), Th22 (IL-22, AhR, and TNF-α), and T regulatory (Treg) (IL-10, TGF-β1, and FoxP3) cells in the spleen. This was achieved using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses to assess mRNA and protein expression in brain tissue. The exposure to AFB1 resulted in a significant upregulation of various immune-related factors, including IFN-γ, STAT1, T-bet, IL-9, IRF4, IL-17A, IL-21, RORγ, STAT3, IL-22, AhR, and TNF-α in BTBR mice. Conversely, the production of IL-10, TGF-β1, and FoxP3 by CD4+ T cells was observed to be downregulated. Exposure to AFB1 demonstrated a notable rise in Th1/Th9/Th22/Th17 levels and a decrease in mRNA and protein expression of Treg. The results above underscore the significance of AFB1 exposure in intensifying neurobehavioral and immunological abnormalities in BTBR mice, hence indicating the necessity for a more comprehensive investigation into the contribution of AFB1 to the development of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y. Alwetaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa H. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Yuwen Y, Wang X, Liu J, Liu Z, Zhu H. Delta- like ligand 4- expressing macrophages and human diseases: Insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20777. [PMID: 37842562 PMCID: PMC10569996 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key players in the immune response and have been implicated in various human diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and chronic inflammatory disorders. While numerous studies have delved into the nuances of macrophage behavior in these conditions, there remains a gap in understanding the specific role of Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4)-expressing macrophages and their overarching implications across these diseases. Among the plethora of factors expressed by macrophages, Dll4 has emerged as a molecule of particular interest. Recent studies have highlighted its unique role in modulating macrophage functions and its potential implications in various diseases. This review seeks to consolidate existing knowledge, address this gap, and present a comprehensive overview of Dll4-expressing macrophages in the context of these disorders and highlight their potential as therapeutic targets. We examined the involvement of Dll4-expressing macrophages in multiple human diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases, emphasizing their influence on disease progression. We also discussed the challenges, limitations, and emerging research areas in targeting Dll4-expressing macrophages and provide an outlook on potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. By addressing the previously existing research gap, we've provided a roadmap that brings together fragmented insights, paving the way for more holistic research and potentially more effective therapeutic strategies centered on Dll4-expressing macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yuwen
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Medical School, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
- Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Research Office of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Research Office of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Research Office of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Research Office of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Department of Pediatrics (No. 3 Ward), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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10
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Kuhn MK, Fleeman RM, Beidler LM, Snyder AM, Chan DC, Proctor EA. Amyloid-β Pathology-Specific Cytokine Secretion Suppresses Neuronal Mitochondrial Metabolism. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:405-421. [PMID: 37811007 PMCID: PMC10550897 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuroinflammation and metabolic dysfunction are early alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain that are thought to contribute to disease onset and progression. Glial activation due to protein deposition results in cytokine secretion and shifts in brain metabolism, which have been observed in AD patients. However, the mechanism by which this immunometabolic feedback loop can injure neurons and cause neurodegeneration remains unclear. Methods We used Luminex XMAP technology to quantify hippocampal cytokine concentrations in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD at milestone timepoints in disease development. We used partial least squares regression to build cytokine signatures predictive of disease progression, as compared to healthy aging in wild-type littermates. We applied the disease-defining cytokine signature to wild-type primary neuron cultures and measured downstream changes in gene expression using the NanoString nCounter system and mitochondrial function using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux live-cell analyzer. Results We identified a pattern of up-regulated IFNγ, IP-10/CXCL10, and IL-9 as predictive of advanced disease. When healthy neurons were exposed to these cytokines in proportions found in diseased brain, gene expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, including ATP synthase, was suppressed. In live cells, basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration were impaired following cytokine stimulation. Conclusions We identify a pattern of cytokine secretion predictive of progressing amyloid-β pathology in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD that reduces expression of mitochondrial electron transport complexes and impairs mitochondrial respiration in healthy neurons. We establish a mechanistic link between disease-specific immune cues and impaired neuronal metabolism, potentially causing neuronal vulnerability and susceptibility to degeneration in AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-023-00782-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K. Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Rebecca M. Fleeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Lynne M. Beidler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Amanda M. Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Dennis C. Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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11
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Pajulas A, Zhang J, Kaplan MH. The World according to IL-9. J Immunol 2023; 211:7-14. [PMID: 37339404 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Among the cytokines regulating immune cells, IL-9 has gained considerable attention for its ability to act on multiple cell types as a regulator of beneficial and pathologic immune responses. Yet, it is still not clearly defined how IL-9 impacts immune responses. IL-9 demonstrates a remarkable degree of tissue-specific functionality and has cellular sources that vary by tissue site and the context of the inflammatory milieu. Here, we provide perspective to summarize the biological activities of IL-9 and highlight cell type-specific roles in the immune pathogenesis of diseases. This perspective will be important in defining the diseases where targeting IL-9 as a therapeutic strategy would be beneficial and where it has the potential to complicate clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pajulas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jilu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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12
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Cannon A, Pajulas A, Kaplan MH, Zhang J. The Dichotomy of Interleukin-9 Function in the Tumor Microenvironment. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:229-245. [PMID: 37319357 PMCID: PMC10282829 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is a cytokine with potent proinflammatory properties that plays a central role in pathologies such as allergic asthma, immunity to parasitic infection, and autoimmunity. More recently, IL-9 has garnered considerable attention in tumor immunity. Historically, IL-9 has been associated with a protumor function in hematological malignancies and an antitumor function in solid malignancies. However, recent discoveries of the dynamic role of IL-9 in cancer progression suggest that IL-9 can act as both a pro- or antitumor factor in various hematological and solid malignancies. This review summarizes IL-9-dependent control of tumor growth, regulation, and therapeutic applicability of IL-9 blockade and IL-9-producing cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cannon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Abigail Pajulas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jilu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Li X, Yang L, Wang G, Yuan Y, Wei N, Yang W, Wang X, Wang Z. Extensive cytokine biomarker analysis in serum of Guillain-Barré syndrome patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8354. [PMID: 37221406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute idiopathic polyneuropathy which is related to infection and immune mechanism. The exact pathogenesis of the disease is unknown and treatment is limited. Thus, the purpose of the study is to identify biomarkers of GBS serum and elucidate their involvement in the underlying pathogenesis of GBS that could help to treat GBS more accurately. Antibody array technology was used to detect the expression levels of 440 proteins in serum of 5 GBS group and 5 healthy control group. Sixty-seven differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by antibody array, among which FoLR1, Legumain, ErbB4, IL-1α, MIP-1α and IGF-2 were down-regulated, while 61 proteins were up-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that most DEPs were associated with leukocytes, among which IL-1α, SDF-1b, B7-1, CD40, CTLA4, IL-9, MIP-1α and CD40L were in the center of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Subsequently, the ability of these DEPs to distinguish GBS from healthy control was further evaluated. CD23 was identified by means of Random Forests Analysis (RFA) and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ROC curve result of CD23 respectively displayed that its sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 0.818, 0.800 and 0.824. We speculate that activation of leukocyte proliferation and migration in circulating blood might be associated with inflammatory recruitment of peripheral nerves, leading to the occurrence and development of GBS, but this conclusion still requires deeper confirmation. More importantly, central proteins may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GBS. In addition, we detected IL-1α, IL-9, and CD23 in the serum of GBS patients for the first time, which may be promising biomarkers for the treatment of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Li
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yanping Yuan
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Na Wei
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Wanqiu Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- The No.1 People's Hospital of Shizuishan, Shizuishan, 753200, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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14
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Dermitzakis I, Theotokis P, Evangelidis P, Delilampou E, Evangelidis N, Chatzisavvidou A, Avramidou E, Manthou ME. CNS Border-Associated Macrophages: Ontogeny and Potential Implication in Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4285-4300. [PMID: 37232741 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Being immune privileged, the central nervous system (CNS) is constituted by unique parenchymal and non-parenchymal tissue-resident macrophages, namely, microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs), respectively. BAMs are found in the choroid plexus, meningeal and perivascular spaces, playing critical roles in maintaining CNS homeostasis while being phenotypically and functionally distinct from microglial cells. Although the ontogeny of microglia has been largely determined, BAMs need comparable scrutiny as they have been recently discovered and have not been thoroughly explored. Newly developed techniques have transformed our understanding of BAMs, revealing their cellular heterogeneity and diversity. Recent data showed that BAMs also originate from yolk sac progenitors instead of bone marrow-derived monocytes, highlighting the absolute need to further investigate their repopulation pattern in adult CNS. Shedding light on the molecular cues and drivers orchestrating BAM generation is essential for delineating their cellular identity. BAMs are receiving more attention since they are gradually incorporated into neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease evaluations. The present review provides insights towards the current understanding regarding the ontogeny of BAMs and their involvement in CNS diseases, paving their way into targeted therapeutic strategies and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Evangelidis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthymia Delilampou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Evangelidis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Chatzisavvidou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Avramidou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Ridley RB, Bowman BM, Lee J, Walsh E, Massengill MT, Lewin AS, Ildefonso CJ. Modulation of Retinal Inflammation Delays Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Geographic Atrophy. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.08.527757. [PMID: 36798403 PMCID: PMC9934704 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The advanced form of AMD, geographic atrophy, is associated with increased RPE oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Here we evaluated the effects of delivering an anti-inflammatory viral gene by an AAV-vector in a mouse model of geographic atrophy. We measured changes in retinal function, structure, and morphology over nine months with electroretinography, optical coherence tomography, and fundoscopy, respectively. In addition, we used retinal tissue to quantify changes in markers of inflammation by multiplex ELISA, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence staining. Our AAV significantly delayed the loss of retinal function and structure and decreased retinal inflammation compared to the control AAV treatment. Our results suggest that modulating retinal inflammation could significantly slow the progression of geographic atrophy.
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16
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Harsanyi S, Kupcova I, Danisovic L, Klein M. Selected Biomarkers of Depression: What Are the Effects of Cytokines and Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24. [PMID: 36614020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading mental illnesses worldwide and lowers the quality of life of many. According to WHO, about 5% of the worldwide population suffers from depression. Newer studies report a staggering global prevalence of 27.6%, and it is rising. Professionally, depression belonging to affective disorders is a psychiatric illness, and the category of major depressive disorder (MDD) comprises various diagnoses related to persistent and disruptive mood disorders. Due to this fact, it is imperative to find a way to assess depression quantitatively using a specific biomarker or a panel of biomarkers that would be able to reflect the patients' state and the effects of therapy. Cytokines, hormones, oxidative stress markers, and neuropeptides are studied in association with depression. The latest research into inflammatory cytokines shows that their relationship with the etiology of depression is causative. There are stronger cytokine reactions to pathogens and stressors in depression. If combined with other predisposing factors, responses lead to prolonged inflammatory processes, prolonged dysregulation of various axes, stress, pain, mood changes, anxiety, and depression. This review focuses on the most recent data on cytokines as markers of depression concerning their roles in its pathogenesis, their possible use in diagnosis and management, their different levels in bodily fluids, and their similarities in animal studies. However, cytokines are not isolated from the pathophysiologic mechanisms of depression or other psychiatric disorders. Their effects are only a part of the whole pathway.
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17
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Nawae W, Sonthirod C, Yoocha T, Waiyamitra P, Soisook P, Tangphatsornruang S, Pootakham W. Genome assembly of the Pendlebury's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pendleburyi, revealed the expansion of Tc1/Mariner DNA transposons in Rhinolophoidea. DNA Res 2022; 29:6754705. [PMID: 36214371 PMCID: PMC9549598 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats (Chiroptera) constitute the second largest order of mammals and have several distinctive features, such as true self-powered flight and strong immunity. The Pendlebury's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pendleburyi, is endemic to Thailand and listed as a vulnerable species. We employed the 10× Genomics linked-read technology to obtain a genome assembly of H. pendleburyi. The assembly size was 2.17 Gb with a scaffold N50 length of 15,398,518 bases. Our phylogenetic analysis placed H. pendleburyi within the rhinolophoid clade of the suborder Yinpterochiroptera. A synteny analysis showed that H. pendleburyi shared conserved chromosome segments (up to 105 Mb) with Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Phyllostomus discolor albeit having different chromosome numbers and belonging different families. We found positive selection signals in genes involved in inflammation, spermatogenesis and Wnt signalling. The analyses of transposable elements suggested the contraction of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and the accumulation of young mariner DNA transposons in the analysed hipposiderids. Distinct mariners were likely horizontally transferred to hipposiderid genomes over the evolution of this family. The lineage-specific profiles of SINEs and mariners might involve in the evolution of hipposiderids and be associated with the phylogenetic separations of these bats from other bat families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanapinun Nawae
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chutima Sonthirod
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Thippawan Yoocha
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pitchaporn Waiyamitra
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pipat Soisook
- Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wirulda Pootakham
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +66 2 5646700 Ext 71445. Fax: +66 2 5646707.
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18
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Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process that dynamically alters the surrounding microenvironment, including participating immune cells. As a well-protected organ surrounded by specialized barriers and with immune privilege properties, the central nervous system (CNS) tightly regulates immune responses. Yet in neuroinflammatory conditions, pathogenic immunity can disrupt CNS structure and function. T cells in particular play a key role in promoting and restricting neuroinflammatory responses, while the inflamed CNS microenvironment can influence and reshape T cell function and identity. Still, the contraction of aberrant T cell responses within the CNS is not well understood. Using autoimmunity as a model, here we address the contribution of CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets in promoting neuropathology and disease. To address the mechanisms antagonizing neuroinflammation, we focus on the control of the immune response by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and describe the counteracting processes that preserve their identity under inflammatory challenges. Finally, given the influence of the local microenvironment on immune regulation, we address how CNS-intrinsic signals reshape T cell function to mitigate abnormal immune T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Benallegue
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hania Kebir
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jorge I. Alvarez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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19
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Fu Y, Pajulas A, Wang J, Zhou B, Cannon A, Cheung CCL, Zhang J, Zhou H, Fisher AJ, Omstead DT, Khan S, Han L, Renauld JC, Paczesny S, Gao H, Liu Y, Yang L, Tighe RM, Licona-Limón P, Flavell RA, Takatsuka S, Kitamura D, Sun J, Bilgicer B, Sears CR, Yang K, Kaplan MH. Mouse pulmonary interstitial macrophages mediate the pro-tumorigenic effects of IL-9. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3811. [PMID: 35778404 PMCID: PMC9249769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although IL-9 has potent anti-tumor activity in adoptive cell transfer therapy, some models suggest that it can promote tumor growth. Here, we show that IL-9 signaling is associated with poor outcomes in patients with various forms of lung cancer, and is required for lung tumor growth in multiple mouse models. CD4+ T cell-derived IL-9 promotes the expansion of both CD11c+ and CD11c- interstitial macrophage populations in lung tumor models. Mechanistically, the IL-9/macrophage axis requires arginase 1 (Arg1) to mediate tumor growth. Indeed, adoptive transfer of Arg1+ but not Arg1- lung macrophages to Il9r-/- mice promotes tumor growth. Moreover, targeting IL-9 signaling using macrophage-specific nanoparticles restricts lung tumor growth in mice. Lastly, elevated expression of IL-9R and Arg1 in tumor lesions is associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Thus, our study suggests the IL-9/macrophage/Arg1 axis is a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Abigail Pajulas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Baohua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anthony Cannon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Cherry Cheuk Lam Cheung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jilu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Huaxin Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine/Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Amanda Jo Fisher
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine/Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - David T Omstead
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Sabrina Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Experimental Medicine Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Biologia Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Shogo Takatsuka
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Basar Bilgicer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Catherine R Sears
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine/Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Liu W, Fan M, Lu W, Zhu W, Meng L, Lu S. Emerging Roles of T Helper Cells in Non-Infectious Neuroinflammation: Savior or Sinner. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872167. [PMID: 35844577 PMCID: PMC9280647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells, also known as T helper (Th) cells, contribute to the adaptive immunity both in the periphery and in the central nervous system (CNS). At least seven subsets of Th cells along with their signature cytokines have been identified nowadays. Neuroinflammation denotes the brain’s immune response to inflammatory conditions. In recent years, various CNS disorders have been related to the dysregulation of adaptive immunity, especially the process concerning Th cells and their cytokines. However, as the functions of Th cells are being discovered, it’s also found that their roles in different neuroinflammatory conditions, or even the participation of a specific Th subset in one CNS disorder may differ, and sometimes contrast. Based on those recent and contradictory evidence, the conflicting roles of Th cells in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury as well as some typical mental disorders will be reviewed herein. Research progress, limitations and novel approaches concerning different neuroinflammatory conditions will also be mentioned and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meiyang Fan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
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21
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He S, Chen L, Hao X, Yang Y, Shang S. First Characterization of Chicken Interleukin-9. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889991. [PMID: 35795670 PMCID: PMC9252340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts on a variety of cells and tissues, and plays roles in inflammation and infection as well as tumor immunity. While mammalian IL-9s have been widely investigated, avian IL-9 has not yet been identified and characterized. In this study, we cloned chicken IL-9 (chIL-9) and performed a phylogenetic analysis, examined its tissue distribution, characterized the biological functions of recombinant chIL-9 (rchIL-9) and the expression form of natural chIL-9. Phylogenetic analysis showed that chIL-9 has less than 30% amino acid identity with mammalian IL-9s. The chIL-9 mRNA can be abundantly detected only in the testis and thymus, and are significantly up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon mitogen stimulation. The rchIL-9 was produced by prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems and showed biological activity in activating monocytes/macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines and promoting the proliferation of CD3+ T cells. In addition, four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) against rchIL-9 were generated. Using anti-chIL-9 mAbs and pAb, natural chIL-9 expressed by the activated PBMCs of chickens with a molecular weight of 25kD was identified by Western-blotting. Collectively, our study reveals for the first time the presence of functional IL-9 in birds and lays the ground for further investigating the roles of chIL-9 in diseases and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaobin Shang,
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22
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Fu Y, Wang J, Zhou B, Pajulas A, Gao H, Ramdas B, Koh B, Ulrich BJ, Yang S, Kapur R, Renauld JC, Paczesny S, Liu Y, Tighe RM, Licona-Limón P, Flavell RA, Takatsuka S, Kitamura D, Tepper RS, Sun J, Kaplan MH. An IL-9-pulmonary macrophage axis defines the allergic lung inflammatory environment. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi9768. [PMID: 35179949 PMCID: PMC8991419 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi9768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite IL-9 functioning as a pleiotropic cytokine in mucosal environments, the IL-9-responsive cell repertoire is still not well defined. Here, we found that IL-9 mediates proallergic activities in the lungs by targeting lung macrophages. IL-9 inhibits alveolar macrophage expansion and promotes recruitment of monocytes that develop into CD11c+ and CD11c- interstitial macrophage populations. Interstitial macrophages were required for IL-9-dependent allergic responses. Mechanistically, IL-9 affected the function of lung macrophages by inducing Arg1 activity. Compared with Arg1-deficient lung macrophages, Arg1-expressing macrophages expressed greater amounts of CCL5. Adoptive transfer of Arg1+ lung macrophages but not Arg1- lung macrophages promoted allergic inflammation that Il9r-/- mice were protected against. In parallel, the elevated expression of IL-9, IL-9R, Arg1, and CCL5 was correlated with disease in patients with asthma. Thus, our study uncovers an IL-9/macrophage/Arg1 axis as a potential therapeutic target for allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Baohua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Abigail Pajulas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Baskar Ramdas
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Byunghee Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Benjamin J Ulrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Experimental Medicine Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200 Belgium
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Biologia Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shogo Takatsuka
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Robert S. Tepper
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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23
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Wang T, Xu S, Liu L, Li S, Zhang H, Lu X, Kong X, Li D, Wang J, Wang L. Integrated analysis of differentially expressed genes and a ceRNA network to identify hub lncRNAs and potential drugs for multiple sclerosis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:772-787. [PMID: 35273684 PMCID: PMC8902536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease of the nervous system. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying MS have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, our aim was to provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of MS and provide a resource for identifying new biomarkers and therapeutics for MS. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles (GSE21942) and miRNA expression profiles (GSE61741) of MS patient samples that were downloaded from the GEO database and identified differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs (DEmRNAs, DEmiRNAs). Next, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and a MS-specific ceRNA network (MCEN) by integrating expression profiles, interaction pairs of mRNA-miRNAs and lncRNA-miRNAs. Then, according to the modular structure of the PPI network, we identified hub DEmRNAs and generated a ceRNA subnetwork so that we could analyze the key lncRNAs that were associated with MS. RESULTS We first identified 4 modules by constructing a PPI network using DEmRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis showed these modules were enriched in immune-related pathways. Then, we constructed the MCEN and the hub gene-associated ceRNA subnetwork using a comprehensive computational approach. We identified three key lncRNAs (LINC00649, TP73-AS1 and MALAT1) and further identified key lncRNA-mediated ceRNAs within the subnetwork. Finally, by analyzing LINC00649-miR-1275-CD20, we identified 6 drugs that may represent novel drugs for MS. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results provide novel insight for the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutics for MS and provide a suitable foundation from which to design future investigations of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Si Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huixue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaotong Kong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
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24
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Azzolini F, Gilio L, Pavone L, Iezzi E, Dolcetti E, Bruno A, Buttari F, Musella A, Mandolesi G, Guadalupi L, Furlan R, Finardi A, Micillo T, Carbone F, Matarese G, Centonze D, Stampanoni Bassi M. Neuroinflammation Is Associated with GFAP and sTREM2 Levels in Multiple Sclerosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:222. [PMID: 35204724 PMCID: PMC8961656 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Astrocytes and microglia play an important role in the inflammatory process of multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated the associations between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (sTREM-2), inflammatory molecules, and clinical characteristics in a group of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Methods: Fifty-one RRMS patients participated in the study. Clinical evaluation and CSF collection were performed at the time of diagnosis. The CSF levels of GFAP, sTREM-2, and of a large set of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules were determined. MRI structural measures (cortical thickness, T2 lesion load, cerebellar volume) were examined. Results: The CSF levels of GFAP and sTREM-2 showed significant correlations with inflammatory cytokines IL-8, G-CSF, and IL-5. Both GFAP and sTREM-2 CSF levels positively correlated with age at diagnosis. GFAP was also higher in male MS patients, and was associated with an increased risk of MS progression, as evidenced by higher BREMS at the onset. Finally, a negative association was found between GFAP CSF levels and cerebellar volume in RRMS at diagnosis. Conclusions: GFAP and sTREM-2 represent suitable biomarkers of central inflammation in MS. Our results suggest that enhanced CSF expression of GFAP may characterize patients with a higher risk of progression.
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25
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Solis-Leal A, Siddiqui S, Wu F, Mohan M, Hu W, Doyle-Meyers LA, Dufour JP, Ling B. Neuroinflammatory Profiling in SIV-Infected Chinese-Origin Rhesus Macaques on Antiretroviral Therapy. Viruses 2022; 14:139. [PMID: 35062343 PMCID: PMC8781366 DOI: 10.3390/v14010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) HIV reservoir is an obstacle to achieving an HIV cure. The basal ganglia harbor a higher frequency of SIV than other brain regions in the SIV-infected rhesus macaques of Chinese-origin (chRMs) even on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Since residual HIV/SIV reservoir is associated with inflammation, we characterized the neuroinflammation by gene expression and systemic levels of inflammatory molecules in healthy controls and SIV-infected chRMs with or without ART. CCL2, IL-6, and IFN-γ were significantly reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of animals receiving ART. Moreover, there was a correlation between levels of CCL2 in plasma and CSF, suggesting the potential use of plasma CCL2 as a neuroinflammation biomarker. With higher SIV frequency, the basal ganglia of untreated SIV-infected chRMs showed an upregulation of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), which could be an indicator of ongoing neuroinflammation. While ART greatly reduced neuroinflammation in general, proinflammatory genes, such as IL-9, were still significantly upregulated. These results expand our understanding of neuroinflammation and signaling in SIV-infected chRMs on ART, an excellent model to study HIV/SIV persistence in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Solis-Leal
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.S.-L.); (F.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Summer Siddiqui
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (S.S.); (L.A.D.-M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Fei Wu
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.S.-L.); (F.W.); (M.M.)
- Tulane Center for Aging, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.S.-L.); (F.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Lara A. Doyle-Meyers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (S.S.); (L.A.D.-M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Jason P. Dufour
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (S.S.); (L.A.D.-M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Binhua Ling
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.S.-L.); (F.W.); (M.M.)
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (S.S.); (L.A.D.-M.); (J.P.D.)
- Tulane Center for Aging, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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26
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Feng J, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Gu C, Waqas A, Chen L. Emerging Exosomes and Exosomal MiRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703989. [PMID: 34307384 PMCID: PMC8299525 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious traumatic event to the spinal cord with considerable morbidity and mortality. This injury leads to short- and long-term variations in the spinal cord, and can have a serious effect on the patient's sensory, motor, or autonomic functions. Due to the complicated pathological process of SCI, there is currently no successful clinical treatment strategy. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a double-layer membrane structure of 30-150 nm diameter, have recently been considered as critical mediators for communication between cells and tissues by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Further studies verified that exosomes participate in the pathophysiological process of several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and could have a significant impact in their treatment. As natural carriers of biologically active cargos, exosomes have emerged as pathological mediators of SCI. In this review article, we critically discuss the functions of exosomes as intracellular mediators and potential treatments in SCI and provide an outlook on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Maniskas ME, Mack AF, Morales-Scheihing D, Finger C, Zhu L, Paulter R, Urayama A, McCullough LD, Manwani B. Sex differences in a murine model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 14:100260. [PMID: 34589766 PMCID: PMC8474688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is one of the common causes of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in the aging population. Increased amyloid plaque deposition within cerebral blood vessels, specifically the smooth muscle layer, is linked to increased cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and impaired cognition in CAA. Studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown that amyloid plaque pathology is more prevalent in the brains of elderly women (2/3rd of the dementia population) compared with men, however, there is a paucity of studies on sex differences in CAA. The objective of this study was to discern the sexual dichotomies in CAA. We utilized male and female Tg-SwDI mice (mouse model of CAA) at 12-14 months of age for this study. We evaluated sex differences in CMBs, cognitive function and inflammation. Cognition was assessed using Y-maze (spatial working memory) and Fear Conditioning (contextual memory). CMBs were quantified by ex vivo brain MRI scans. Inflammatory cytokines in brain were quantified using ELISA. Our results demonstrated that aging Tg-SwDI female mice had a significantly higher burden of CMBs on MRI as compared to males. Interestingly, these aging Tg-SwDI female mice also had significantly impaired spatial and contextual memory on Y maze and Fear Conditioning respectively. Furthermore, female mice had significantly lower circulating inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, and IFN-γ, as compared to males. Our results demonstrate that aging female Tg-SwDI mice are more cognitively impaired and have higher number of CMBs, as compared to males at 12-14 months of age. This may be secondary to reduced levels of neural repair cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9 and IFN-γ) involved in sex specific inflammatory signaling in CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Maniskas
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexis F. Mack
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Diego Morales-Scheihing
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carson Finger
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robia Paulter
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Akihiko Urayama
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bharti Manwani
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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28
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Wang S, Wu P, Wang K, Ji X, Chen D, Jiang A, Liu Y, Xiao W, Jiang Y, Zhu L, Xu X, Li M, Li X, Tang G. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Genes and Pathways Associated with Mummify Piglets. Genome 2021; 64:1029-1040. [PMID: 34139142 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
China is the country with the largest pork consumption in the world. However, the incidence of high mummify piglets (3-5%) is one of the important factors that cause the slow improvement of pig reproductive capacity, and the genetic mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to identify candidate genes related to high mummify piglets. RNA-seq technology was used to comparative transcriptome profiling of blood from high piglets mummified and healthy sow at different stages of pregnancy (35d, 56d, 77d and 98d). A total of 137 to 420 DEGs were detected in each stage. Seven differentially expressed genes were significantly differentially expressed at various stages. IL-9R, TLR8, ABLIM3, FSH-α, ASCC1, PRKCZ, and GCK may play an important role in course of mummify piglets. The differential genes we identified between the groups were mainly enriched in immune and inflammation regulation, and others were mainly enriched in reproduction. Considering the function of candidate genes, IL-9R and TLR8 were suggested as the most promising candidate genes involved in mummify piglet traits. We speculate that during pregnancy, it may be the combined effects of the above-mentioned inflammation, immune response, and reproduction-related signal pathways that affect the occurrence of mummifying piglets, and further affect pig reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Pingxian Wu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Kai Wang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Xiang Ji
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Dong Chen
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Anan Jiang
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Yihui Liu
- Sichuan Animal Husbandry Station, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Weihang Xiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China;
| | - Li Zhu
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Xu Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Animal Husbandry and Food Bureau, 177358, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Xuewei Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
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29
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Angelini J, Marangon D, Raffaele S, Lecca D, Abbracchio MP. The Distribution of GPR17-Expressing Cells Correlates with White Matter Inflammation Status in Brain Tissues of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4574. [PMID: 33925469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are recruited to the site of injury to remyelinate damaged axons; however, in patients this process is often ineffective due to defects in OPC maturation. The membrane receptor GPR17 timely regulates the early stages of OPC differentiation; however, after reaching its highest levels in immature oligodendrocytes, it has to be downregulated to allow terminal maturation. Since, in several animal models of disease GPR17 is upregulated, the aim of this work was to characterize GPR17 alterations in MS patients. We developed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence procedures for the detection of GPR17 in human tissues and stained post-mortem MS brain lesions from patients with secondary progressive MS and control subjects. The inflammatory activity in each lesion was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the myelin protein MOG and the HLA antigen to classify them as active, chronic inactive or chronic active. Hence, we assessed the distribution of GPR17-positive cells in these lesions compared to normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and white matter (WM) of control subjects. Our data have shown a marked increase of GPR17-expressing oligodendroglial cells accumulating at NAWM, in which moderate inflammation was also found. Furthermore, we identified two distinct subpopulations of GPR17-expressing oligodendroglial cells, characterized by either ramified or rounded morphology, that differently populate the WM of healthy controls and MS patients. We concluded that the coordinated presence of GPR17 in OPCs at the lesion sites and inflamed NAWM areas suggests that GPR17 could be exploited to support endogenous remyelination through advanced pharmacological approaches.
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Gouyou B, Grün K, Kerschenmeyer A, Villa A, Matasci M, Schrepper A, Pfeil A, Bäz L, Jung C, Schulze PC, Neri D, Franz M. Therapeutic Evaluation of Antibody-Based Targeted Delivery of Interleukin 9 in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073460. [PMID: 33801620 PMCID: PMC8037792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous disorder associated with poor prognosis. For the majority of patients, only limited therapeutic options are available. Thus, there is great interest to develop novel treatment strategies focusing on pulmonary vascular and right ventricular remodeling. Interleukin 9 (IL9) is a pleiotropic cytokine with pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic activity of F8IL9F8 consisting of IL9 fused to the F8 antibody, specific to the alternatively-spliced EDA domain of fibronectin, which is abundantly expressed in pulmonary vasculature and right ventricular myocardium in PH. Methods: The efficacy of F8IL9F8 in attenuating PH progression in the monocrotaline mouse model was evaluated in comparison to an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) or an IL9 based immunocytokine with irrelevant antibody specificity (KSFIL9KSF). Treatment effects were assessed by right heart catheterization, echocardiography as well as histological and immunohistochemical tissue analyses. Results: Compared to controls, systolic right ventricular pressure (RVPsys) was significantly elevated and a variety of right ventricular echocardiographic parameters were significantly impaired in all MCT-induced PH groups except for the F8IL9F8 group. Both, F8IL9F8 and ERA treatments lead to a significant reduction in RVPsys and an improvement of echocardiographic parameters when compared to the MCT group not observable for the KSFIL9KSF group. Only F8IL9F8 significantly reduced lung tissue damage and displayed a significant decrease of leukocyte and macrophage accumulation in the lungs and right ventricles. Conclusions: Our study provides first pre-clinical evidence for the use of F8IL9F8 as a new therapeutic agent for PH in terms of a disease-modifying concept addressing cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Gouyou
- Philochem AG, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (B.G.); (A.K.); (A.V.); (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Katja Grün
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Anne Kerschenmeyer
- Philochem AG, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (B.G.); (A.K.); (A.V.); (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Alessandra Villa
- Philochem AG, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (B.G.); (A.K.); (A.V.); (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Mattia Matasci
- Philochem AG, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (B.G.); (A.K.); (A.V.); (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Alexander Pfeil
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Laura Bäz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - P. Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Dario Neri
- Philochem AG, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (B.G.); (A.K.); (A.V.); (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.); (P.C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9324127
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31
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Donninelli G, Studer V, Brambilla L, Zecca C, Peluso D, Laroni A, Michelis D, Mantegazza R, Confalonieri P, Volpe E. Immune Soluble Factors in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients Segregate Into Two Groups. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633167. [PMID: 33777018 PMCID: PMC7988186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary-progressive (PP) and secondary-progressive (SP) multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by neurological deficits caused by a permanent neuronal damage, clinically quantified by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neuronal tissue damage is also mediated by immune infiltrates producing soluble factors, such as cytokines and chemokines, which are released in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The mechanisms regulating the production of a soluble factor are not completely defined. Using multiplex bead-based assays, we simultaneously measured 27 immune soluble factors in the CSF collected from 38 patients, 26 with PP-MS and 12 with SP-MS. Then, we performed a correlation matrix of all soluble factors expressed in the CSF. The CSF from patients with PP-MS and SP-MS had similar levels of cytokines and chemokines; however, the stratification of patients according to active or inactive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unveils some differences. Correlative studies between soluble factors in the CSF of patients with PP-MS and SP-MS revealed two clusters of immune mediators with pro-inflammatory functions, namely IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-8, IP-10, and TNF-α (group 1), and anti-inflammatory functions, namely IL-9, IL-15, VEGF, and IL-1ra (group 2). However, most of the significant correlations between cytokines of group 1 and of group 2 were lost in patients with more severe disability (EDSS ≥ 4) compared to patients with mild to moderate disability (EDSS < 4). These results suggest a common regulation of cytokines and chemokines belonging to the same group and indicate that, in patients with more severe disability, the production of those factors is less coordinated, possibly due to advanced neurodegenerative mechanisms that interfere with the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Donninelli
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Studer
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Department, Martini Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Brambilla
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Peluso
- Bioinformatics e Biostatistics Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Laroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Opthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Michelis
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Opthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Confalonieri
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Volpe
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Alhosaini K, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Bakheet SA, Attia SM, Alhazzani K, Albekairi TH, Al-Mazroua HA, Mahmood HM, Ahmad SF. 5-Aminoisoquinolinone, a PARP-1 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Immune Abnormalities through Upregulation of Anti-Inflammatory and Downregulation of Inflammatory Parameters in T Cells of BTBR Mouse Model of Autism. Brain Sci 2021; 11:249. [PMID: 33671196 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) covers a range of neurodevelopmental disorders involving impairments in communication and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior and reciprocal social interaction. 5-Aminoisoquinolinone (5-AIQ), a PARP-1 inhibitor, has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the influence of 5-AIQ-treatment in BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice as an autism model and used flow cytometry to assess the effect of 5-AIQ on FOXP3, Helios, GATA3, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-17A production by CXCR6+ and CD4+ T cells in the spleen. We also confirmed the effect of 5-AIQ treatment on expression of FOXP3, Helios, GATA3, IL-17A, IL-10, and IL-9 mRNA and protein expression levels in the brain tissue by quantitative PCR and western blotting. Our results demonstrated that 5-AIQ-treated BTBR mice had significantly increased numbers of CXCR6+FOXP3+, CXCR6+IL-10+, and CXCR6+Helios+ cells and decreased numbers of CD4+GATA3+, CD4+IL-9+, and CD4+IL-17A+ cells as compared with those in untreated BTBR mice. Our results further demonstrated that treatment with 5-AIQ in BTBR mice increased expression for FOXP3, IL-10, and Helios, and decreased expression for GATA3, IL-17A, and IL-9 mRNA. Our findings support the hypotheses that 5-AIQ has promising novel therapeutic effects on neuroimmune dysfunction in autism and is associated with modulation of Treg and Th17 cells.
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33
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Do-Thi VA, Lee JO, Lee H, Kim YS. Crosstalk between the Producers and Immune Targets of IL-9. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e45. [PMID: 33425430 PMCID: PMC7779872 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-9 has been reported to play dual roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and cancers. The collaboration of IL-9 with microenvironmental factors including the broader cytokine milieu and other cellular components may provide important keys to explain its conflicting effects in chronic conditions. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the cellular sources of, and immunological responders to IL-9, in order to interpret the role of IL-9 in the regulation of immune responses. This knowledge will provide new perspectives to improve clinical benefits and limit adverse effects of IL-9 when treating pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Anh Do-Thi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jie-Oh Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hayyoung Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Young Sang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Zhou Q, Zhang H, Wang Z, Zeng H, Liu Z, Huang Q, Lin Z, Qu Y, Xiong Y, Wang J, Chang Y, Bai Q, Xia Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Dai B, Guo J, Zhu Y, Xu L, Xu J. Poor clinical outcomes and immunoevasive contexture in interleukin-9 abundant muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:3539-3549. [PMID: 32734613 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy yield survival benefits for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients, in which tumor microenvironment has been found to exert crucial roles through tipping the balance between antitumor immunity and immune evasion. Our study aims to explore the clinical significance and therapeutic role of intratumoral interleukin-9-producing cells (IL-9+ cells) in MIBC. Two hundred fifty-nine MIBC patients from two independent clinic centers were utilized for retrospective analysis in the study. Sixty-five fresh MIBC tumor tissues were used to evaluate the infiltration and function of immune cells via flow cytometry and ex vivo intervention experiments. Three hundred ninety-one MIBC patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas were applied for bioinformatics analysis. It was found that patients with high IL-9+ cells infiltration had worse overall survival and relapse-free survival. pT2 patients with low IL-9+ cells infiltration could benefit more from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). IL-9+ cells infiltration was correlated with decreased expression of granzyme B from CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and perforin from CD8+ T cells, while blockade of IL-9 reactivated the antitumor capacity of both cells leading to tumor regression. Furthermore, IL-9+ cells infiltration could be a biomarker for predicting anti-PD-1 efficacy. In conclusion, IL-9+ cells infiltration could be applied as an independent prognosticator for clinical outcome and ACT/anti-PD-1 effectiveness. IL-9+ cells infiltration diminished the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells and NK cells resulting in tumor immune evasion, and thus targeting IL-9 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaopei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuren Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Bai
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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