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Mullin C, Clifford CA, Johannes CM. New Therapies in Veterinary Oncology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:469-476. [PMID: 38184436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The expanding number of specialized oncology therapeutics available in veterinary oncology can make staying updated on the most recent advances challenging. This article summarizes the mechanism of action, available supporting data, and clinical use of three key veterinary cancer/supportive care therapeutics: Laverdia-CA1, Canalevia-CA1, and Stelfonta. This information will help guide clinical use within your practice and can be incorporated into discussions with clients regarding the newest available options for their dogs with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mullin
- BluePearl Pet Hospital - Malvern, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Craig A Clifford
- BluePearl Pet Hospital - Malvern, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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Sun BW, Zhang PP, Wang ZH, Yao X, He ML, Bai RT, Che H, Lin J, Xie T, Hui Z, Ye XY, Wang LW. Prevention and Potential Treatment Strategies for Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Molecules 2024; 29:598. [PMID: 38338343 PMCID: PMC10856762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant viral pathogen that causes respiratory infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. RSV-related illnesses impose a substantial economic burden worldwide annually. The molecular structure, function, and in vivo interaction mechanisms of RSV have received more comprehensive attention in recent times, and significant progress has been made in developing inhibitors targeting various stages of the RSV replication cycle. These include fusion inhibitors, RSV polymerase inhibitors, and nucleoprotein inhibitors, as well as FDA-approved RSV prophylactic drugs palivizumab and nirsevimab. The research community is hopeful that these developments might provide easier access to knowledge and might spark new ideas for research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zong-Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xia Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Meng-Lan He
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rui-Ting Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Che
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Drug Discovery, Hangzhou Haolu Pharma Co., Hangzhou 311121, China;
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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London CA, Gardner H, Zhao S, Knapp DW, Utturkar SM, Duval DL, Chambers MR, Ostrander E, Trent JM, Kuffel G. Leading the pack: Best practices in comparative canine cancer genomics to inform human oncology. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:565-577. [PMID: 37778398 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pet dogs develop spontaneous cancers at a rate estimated to be five times higher than that of humans, providing a unique opportunity to study disease biology and evaluate novel therapeutic strategies in a model system that possesses an intact immune system and mirrors key aspects of human cancer biology. Despite decades of interest, effective utilization of pet dog cancers has been hindered by a limited repertoire of necessary cellular and molecular reagents for both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as a dearth of information regarding the genomic landscape of these cancers. Recently, many of these critical gaps have been addressed through the generation of a highly annotated canine reference genome, the creation of several tools necessary for multi-omic analysis of canine tumours, and the development of a centralized repository for key genomic and associated clinical information from canine cancer patients, the Integrated Canine Data Commons. Together, these advances have catalysed multidisciplinary efforts designed to integrate the study of pet dog cancers more effectively into the translational continuum, with the ultimate goal of improving human outcomes. The current review summarizes this recent progress and provides a guide to resources and tools available for comparative study of pet dog cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather Gardner
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaying Zhao
- University of Georgia Cancer Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Deborah W Knapp
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sagar M Utturkar
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dawn L Duval
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Elaine Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Trent
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Gina Kuffel
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Spontaneous tumors in dogs share several environmental, epidemiologic, biologic, clinical and molecular features with a wide variety of human cancers, making this companion animal an attractive model. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transcription factor overactivation is common in several human cancers, and there is evidence that similar signaling aberrations also occur in canine cancers including lymphoma, leukemia, hemangiosarcoma, mammary cancer, melanoma, glioma, and prostate cancer. This review provides an overview of NF-kB signaling biology, both in health and in cancer development. It also summarizes available evidence of aberrant NF-kB signaling in canine cancer, and reviews antineoplastic compounds that have been shown to inhibit NF-kB activity used in various types of canine cancers. Available data suggest that dogs may be an excellent model for human cancers that have overactivation of NF-kB.
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Hendricks-Wenger A, Arnold L, Gannon J, Simon A, Singh N, Sheppard H, Nagai-Singer MA, Imran KM, Lee K, Clark-Deener S, Byron C, Edwards MR, Larson MM, Rossmeisl JH, Coutermarsh-Ott SL, Eden K, Dervisis N, Klahn S, Tuohy J, Allen IC, Vlaisavljevich E. Histotripsy Ablation in Preclinical Animal Models of Cancer and Spontaneous Tumors in Veterinary Patients: A Review. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2022; 69:5-26. [PMID: 34478363 PMCID: PMC9284566 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are direly needed in the fight against cancer. Over the last decade, several tumor ablation strategies have emerged as stand-alone or combination therapies. Histotripsy is the first completely noninvasive, nonthermal, and nonionizing tumor ablation method. Histotripsy can produce consistent and rapid ablations, even near critical structures. Additional benefits include real-time image guidance, high precision, and the ability to treat tumors of any predetermined size and shape. Unfortunately, the lack of clinically and physiologically relevant preclinical cancer models is often a significant limitation with all focal tumor ablation strategies. The majority of studies testing histotripsy for cancer treatment have focused on small animal models, which have been critical in moving this field forward and will continue to be essential for providing mechanistic insight. While these small animal models have notable translational value, there are significant limitations in terms of scale and anatomical relevance. To address these limitations, a diverse range of large animal models and spontaneous tumor studies in veterinary patients have emerged to complement existing rodent models. These models and veterinary patients are excellent at providing realistic avenues for developing and testing histotripsy devices and techniques designed for future use in human patients. Here, we provide a review of animal models used in preclinical histotripsy studies and compare histotripsy ablation in these models using a series of original case reports across a broad spectrum of preclinical animal models and spontaneous tumors in veterinary patients.
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Mathew C, Tamir S, Tripp RA, Ghildyal R. Reversible disruption of XPO1-mediated nuclear export inhibits respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19223. [PMID: 34584169 PMCID: PMC8479129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Therapy for RSV infections is limited to high risk infants and there are no safe and efficacious vaccines. Matrix (M) protein is a major RSV structural protein with a key role in virus assembly. Interestingly, M is localised to the nucleus early in infection and its export into the cytoplasm by the nuclear exporter, exportin-1 (XPO1) is essential for RSV assembly. We have shown previously that chemical inhibition of XPO1 function results in reduced RSV replication. In this study, we have investigated the anti-RSV efficacy of Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds, KPT-335 and KPT-185. Our data shows that therapeutic administration of the SINE compounds results in reduced RSV titre in human respiratory epithelial cell culture. Within 24 h of treatment, RSV replication and XPO1 expression was reduced, M protein was partially retained in the nucleus, and cell cycle progression was delayed. Notably, the effect of SINE compounds was reversible within 24 h after their removal. Our data show that reversible inhibition of XPO1 can disrupt RSV replication by affecting downstream pathways regulated by the nuclear exporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Mathew
- Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | | | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia.
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Pan L, Cheng C, Duan P, Chen K, Wu Y, Wu Z. XPO1/CRM1 is a promising prognostic indicator for neuroblastoma and represented a therapeutic target by selective inhibitor verdinexor. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:255. [PMID: 34384466 PMCID: PMC8359549 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk neuroblastoma patients have a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. It's an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets and the appropriate drugs. Exportin-1 (XPO1), also known as chromosomal region maintenance 1, plays important roles in the progression of tumorigenesis. However, the prognostic and therapeutic values of XPO1 in neuroblastoma have not been reported. METHODS Correlations between XPO1 expression level and clinical characteristics were analyzed using the Neuroblastoma Research Consortium (NRC) dataset and tissue microarray analysis. Cell proliferation assays, colony formation assays, apoptosis assays, cell cycle analysis were performed to analyze the anti-tumor effects of verdinexor (KPT-335) in vitro. Western blot and mRNA sequencing were performed to explore underlying mechanism. In vivo anti-tumor effects of verdinexor were studied in a neuroblastoma xenograft model. RESULTS Higher XPO1 levels were associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. The specific inhibitor of XPO1 verdinexor suppressed the neuroblastoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, inhibition of XPO1 suppressed the neuroblastoma cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by nuclear accumulation of FOXO1 and RB1 in the neuroblastoma due to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest by activation of P53 function. CONCLUSIONS XPO1 is a promising prognostic indicator for neuroblastoma and a novel target for antitumor treatment with selective inhibitor verdinexor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peiwen Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China.
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China.
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Sloan SL, Renaldo KA, Long M, Chung JH, Courtney LE, Shilo K, Youssef Y, Schlotter S, Brown F, Klamer BG, Zhang X, Yilmaz AS, Ozer HG, Valli VE, Vaddi K, Scherle P, Alinari L, Kisseberth WC, Baiocchi RA. Validation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a candidate therapeutic target in the spontaneous canine model of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250839. [PMID: 33989303 PMCID: PMC8121334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of blood cancers arising in lymphoid tissues that commonly effects both humans and dogs. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme that catalyzes the symmetric di-methylation of arginine residues, is frequently overexpressed and dysregulated in both human solid and hematologic malignancies. In human lymphoma, PRMT5 is a known driver of malignant transformation and oncogenesis, however, the expression and role of PRMT5 in canine lymphoma has not been explored. To explore canine lymphoma as a useful comparison to human lymphoma while validating PRMT5 as a rational therapeutic target in both, we characterized expression patterns of PRMT5 in canine lymphoma tissue microarrays, primary lymphoid biopsies, and canine lymphoma-derived cell lines. The inhibition of PRMT5 led to growth suppression and induction of apoptosis, while selectively decreasing global marks of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and histone H4 arginine 3 symmetric dimethylation. We performed ATAC-sequencing and gene expression microarrays with pathway enrichment analysis to characterize genome-wide changes in chromatin accessibility and whole-transcriptome changes in canine lymphoma cells lines upon PRMT5 inhibition. This work validates PRMT5 as a promising therapeutic target for canine lymphoma and supports the continued use of the spontaneously occurring canine lymphoma model for the preclinical development of PRMT5 inhibitors for the treatment of human NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Sloan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kyle A. Renaldo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie Long
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ji-Hyun Chung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lindsay E. Courtney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Shilo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarah Schlotter
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fiona Brown
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brett G. Klamer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ayse S. Yilmaz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hatice G. Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Victor E. Valli
- VDx Veterinary Diagnostics, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kris Vaddi
- Prelude Therapeutics, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Peggy Scherle
- Prelude Therapeutics, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William C. Kisseberth
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WCK); (RAB)
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WCK); (RAB)
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Bader JC, Abdul Razak AR, Shacham S, Xu H. Pharmacokinetics of Selinexor: The First-in-Class Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 60:957-69. [PMID: 33928519 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of many tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) and oncoprotein transcript RNAs largely depend on their location within the cell. The exportin 1 complex (XPO1) transports many of these molecules from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, thereby inactivating TSPs and activating oncoprotein transcript RNAs. Aberrations of these molecules or XPO1 can increase this translocation process, leading to oncogenesis. Selinexor is a selective inhibitor of nuclear export and is an active agent in various malignancies. It is currently approved for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as well as multiple myeloma. Following oral administration, selinexor exhibits linear and time-independent pharmacokinetics (PK) across a wide dose range, with moderately rapid absorption (time to reach maximum concentration [Tmax] 2-4 h) and moderate elimination (half-life [t½] 6-8 h). Selinexor PK observed among patients with various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies is consistent irrespective of disease. Population PK analyses demonstrated the PK of selinexor is well-described by a two-compartment model, with significant relationships for body weight on apparent clearance and apparent central volume of distribution, and sex on apparent clearance, which result in clinically non-relevant changes in exposure. These analyses also suggested selinexor PK are not significantly impacted by various concomitant medications and organ dysfunction (hepatic/renal). The time course of selinexor PK appears similar between pediatric and adult patients, although higher exposures have been observed among pediatric patients relative to adults administered similar milligrams per meter squared (mg/m2) doses of selinexor.
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Wu Z, Graf FE, Hirsch HH. Antivirals against human polyomaviruses: Leaving no stone unturned. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2220. [PMID: 33729628 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) encompass more than 10 species infecting 30%-90% of the human population without significant illness. Proven HPyV diseases with documented histopathology affect primarily immunocompromised hosts with manifestations in brain, skin and renourinary tract such as polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN), polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis (PyVHC), polyomavirus-associated urothelial cancer (PyVUC), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) and pruritic hyperproliferative keratinopathy. Although virus-specific immune control is the eventual goal of therapy and lasting cure, antiviral treatments are urgently needed in order to reduce or prevent HPyV diseases and thereby bridging the time needed to establish virus-specific immunity. However, the small dsDNA genome of only 5 kb of the non-enveloped HPyVs only encodes 5-7 viral proteins. Thus, HPyV replication relies heavily on host cell factors, thereby limiting both, number and type of specific virus-encoded antiviral targets. Lack of cost-effective high-throughput screening systems and relevant small animal models complicates the preclinical development. Current clinical studies are limited by small case numbers, poorly efficacious compounds and absence of proper randomized trial design. Here, we review preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated small molecules with presumed antiviral activity against HPyVs and provide an outlook regarding potential new antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsong Wu
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice E Graf
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Hirsch
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosome region maintenance protein 1, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via the regulated export of a range of cargoes, including proteins and several classes of RNAs, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of this protein plays a pivotal role in the development of various solid and haematological malignancies. Furthermore, XPO1 is associated with resistance to several standard-of-care therapies, including chemotherapies and targeted therapies, making it an attractive target of novel cancer therapies. Over the years, a number of selective inhibitors of nuclear export have been developed. However, only selinexor has been clinically validated. The novel mechanism of action of XPO1 inhibitors implies a different toxicity profile to that of other agents and has proved challenging in certain settings. Nonetheless, data from clinical trials have led to the approval of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor (plus dexamethasone) as a fifth-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma and as a monotherapy for patients with relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this Review, we summarize the progress and challenges in the development of nuclear export inhibitors and discuss the potential of emerging combination therapies and biomarkers of response.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed H Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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12
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Breitbach JT, Louke DS, Tobin SJ, Watts MR, Davies AE, Fenger JM. The selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) verdinexor exhibits biologic activity against canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:362-373. [PMID: 33438820 PMCID: PMC8248106 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Verdinexor (KPT-335) is a novel orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound that inhibits the function of the nuclear export protein Exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1). In the present study, we sought to characterize the expression of XPO1 in primary canine osteosarcoma (OS) tumour samples, OS cell lines and normal osteoblasts and evaluate the in vitro activity of verdinexor alone or in combination with doxorubicin. Canine OS cell lines and a subset of primary OS tumours showed increased XPO1 transcript and protein expression as compared with normal canine osteoblast cells. All canine OS cell lines exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibition and increased caspase 3,7 activity in response to low nanomolar concentrations of verdinexor (IC50 concentrations ranging from 21 to 74 nM). Notably, growth inhibition of normal canine osteoblast cell lines treated with verdinexor was observed at high micromolar concentrations (IC50 = 21 μM). The combination of verdinexor and doxorubicin resulted in potent inhibition of cell viability and demonstrated synergetic activity in three canine OS cell lines. Concordantly, OS cell lines showed increased γH2A.X foci following treatment with doxorubicin and recovery in verdinexor compared with cells treated with doxorubicin and recovered in normal media for 24 hours. These findings demonstrate that verdinexor has biologic activity against canine OS cell lines at physiologically relevant doses and suggest that XPO1 inhibition in combination with standard doxorubicin treatment offers promising potential for chemotherapeutic intervention in canine OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Breitbach
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Darian S Louke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Savannah J Tobin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mauria R Watts
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander E Davies
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joelle M Fenger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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13
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Jarvis S, Koumadoraki E, Madouros N, Sharif S, Saleem A, Khan S. Non-rodent animal models of osteosarcoma: A review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100307. [PMID: 33453605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is extremely malignant, and the most common cancer that affects bone. Current treatments involve surgical resection of the affected area and multi-agent chemotherapy, though survival rate is generally poor for those affected by metastases. As treatment for osteosarcoma has remained unchanged for the past few decades, there is a need for further advancements in the understanding of osteosarcoma biology and therapeutics. Thus, reliable animal models that can accurately recapitulate the disease are required. Though rodents represent the most popular animal model of osteosarcoma, they may not model the disease best. This review analyzes emerging alternative non-rodent animal models of osteosarcoma, such as the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, pigs, and canines. Each of these alternatives offer advantages over classic rodent models for pre-clinical research. Research of these cross-species platforms imparts knowledge of metastases biology and potential new treatments for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sommer Jarvis
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States.
| | - Evgenia Koumadoraki
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Nikolaos Madouros
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Shayka Sharif
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Amber Saleem
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Safeera Khan
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
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14
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Meng W, Gao SJ. Targeting XPO1 enhances innate immune response and inhibits KSHV lytic replication during primary infection by nuclear stabilization of the p62 autophagy adaptor protein. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:29. [PMID: 33414399 PMCID: PMC7790339 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport of signaling modulators is essential for regulating cellular responses to extracellular stimulation and stress, as well as pathogen infection. Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1), mediates nuclear export of proteins, rRNAs, snRNAs, and some mRNAs. In this study, we have identified an essential role of XPO1 in regulating Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) lytic replication during primary infection of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Treatment with an XPO1 inhibitor KPT-8602 and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of XPO1 reduced KSHV lytic replication but had no effect on KSHV entry and trafficking. XPO1 inhibition induced retention of autophagy adaptor protein p62 (SQSTM1) in the nucleus, which enhanced activation of TBK1 and IRF3. As a result, nuclear accumulation of p62 increased expression of innate immune-related genes including IRF7, ISG15, IFIT1, IFIT2, and IFIT3, leading to a reduction of KSHV lytic replication. These results illustrate a novel mechanism by which XPO1 mediates innate immune response and KSHV replication, and identify XPO1 as a potential therapeutic target and KPT-8602 as a promising therapeutic agent for KSHV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Meng
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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15
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Liao Y, Ke X, Deng T, Qin Q. The Second-Generation XPO1 Inhibitor Eltanexor Inhibits Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Replication and Promotes Type I Interferon Response. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:675112. [PMID: 34012430 PMCID: PMC8126617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.675112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen and can be life-threatening for immunocompromised individuals. There is currently no available vaccine for the prevention of HCMV- associated diseases and most of the available antiviral drugs that target viral DNA synthesis become ineffective in treating HCMV mutants that arise after long-term use in immunocompromised patients. Here, we examined the effects of Eltanexor, a second-generation selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), on HCMV replication. Eltanexor effectively inhibits HCMV replication in human foreskin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Eltanexor does not significantly inhibit viral entry and nuclear import of viral genomic DNA, but rather suppress the transcript and protein levels of viral immediate-early (IE), early (E) and late (L) genes, and abolishes the production of infectious virions. We further found Eltanexor treatment promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of XPO1, which contributes to the nuclear retention of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), resulting in increased expression of type I interferon as well as interferon stimulating genes ISG15 and ISG54. This study reveals a novel antiviral mechanism of Eltanexor which suggests it has potential to inhibit a broad spectrum of viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyan Liao
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiangyu Ke
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tianyi Deng
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qingsong Qin
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Qin,
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16
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Abstract
Comparative oncology clinical trials play an important and growing role in cancer research and drug development efforts. These trials, typically conducted in companion (pet) dogs, allow assessment of novel anticancer agents and combination therapies in a veterinary clinical setting that supports serial biologic sample collections and exploration of dose, schedule and corresponding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Further, an intact immune system and natural co-evolution of tumour and microenvironment support exploration of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Substantial improvements in our collective understanding of the molecular landscape of canine cancers have occurred in the past 10 years, facilitating translational research and supporting the inclusion of comparative studies in drug development. The value of the approach is demonstrated in various clinical trial settings, including single-agent or combination response rates, inhibition of metastatic progression and randomized comparison of multiple agents in a head-to-head fashion. Such comparative oncology studies have been purposefully included in the developmental plan for several US FDA-approved and up-and-coming anticancer drugs. Challenges for this field include keeping pace with technology and data dissemination/harmonization, improving annotation of the canine genome and immune system, and generation of canine-specific validated reagents to support integration of correlative biology within clinical trial efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christina N Mazcko
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek S. Walker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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18
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Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract infections and can lead to morbidity and mortality in the infant, elderly and immunocompromised. There is no vaccine and therapeutic interventions are limited. RSV disease research has yielded the development of several prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. Several promising candidates are currently under investigation.Areas covered: Small and large molecule approaches to RSV treatment were examined and categorized by their mechanism of action using data from PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, and from the sponsoring organizations publicly available pipeline information. These results are prefaced by an overview of RSV to provide the context for rational therapy development.Expert opinion: While small molecule drugs show promise for RSV treatment, we believe that large molecule therapy using anti-RSV G and F protein monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will most efficaciously and safely ameliorate RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison C Bergeron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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19
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Abstract
Clinical translation of novel therapeutics that improve the survival and quality of life of patients with neurological disease remains a challenge, with many investigational drug and device candidates failing in advanced stage clinical trials. Naturally occurring inherited and acquired neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, inborn errors of metabolism, brain tumors, spinal cord injury, and stroke occur frequently in companion animals, and many of these share epidemiologic, pathophysiologic and clinical features with their human counterparts. As companion animals have a relatively abbreviated lifespan and genetic background, are immunocompetent, share their environment with human caregivers, and can be clinically managed using techniques and tools similar to those used in humans, they have tremendous potential for increasing the predictive value of preclinical drug and device studies. Here, we review comparative features of spontaneous neurological diseases in companion animals with an emphasis on neuroimaging methods and features, illustrate their historical use in translational studies, and discuss inherent limitations associated with each disease model. Integration of companion animals with naturally occurring disease into preclinical studies can complement and expand the knowledge gained from studies in other animal models, accelerate or improve the manner in which research is translated to the human clinic, and ultimately generate discoveries that will benefit the health of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie Partridge
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, NRC 405, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, NRC 405, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of death in adult dogs. Many features of spontaneously developing tumors in pet dogs contribute to their potential utility as a human disease model. These include similar environmental exposures, similar clonal evolution as it applies to important factors such as immune avoidance, a favorable body size for imaging and serial biopsy, and a relatively contracted time course of disease progression, which makes evaluation of temporal endpoints such as progression free or overall survival feasible in a comparatively short time frame. These criteria have been leveraged to evaluate novel local therapies, demonstrate proof of tumor target inhibition or tumor localization, evaluate potential antimetastatic approaches, and assess the efficacy, safety and immune effects of a variety of immune-based therapeutics. Some of these canine proof of concept studies have been instrumental in informing subsequent human clinical trials. This review will cover key aspects of clinical trials in dogs with spontaneous neoplasia, with examples of how these studies have contributed to human cancer therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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21
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Overgaard NH, Fan TM, Schachtschneider KM, Principe DR, Schook LB, Jungersen G. Of Mice, Dogs, Pigs, and Men: Choosing the Appropriate Model for Immuno-Oncology Research. ILAR J 2019; 59:247-262. [PMID: 30476148 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays dual roles in response to cancer. The host immune system protects against tumor formation via immunosurveillance; however, recognition of the tumor by immune cells also induces sculpting mechanisms leading to a Darwinian selection of tumor cell variants with reduced immunogenicity. Cancer immunoediting is the concept used to describe the complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system. This concept, commonly referred to as the three E's, is encompassed by 3 distinct phases of elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Despite impressive results in the clinic, cancer immunotherapy still has room for improvement as many patients remain unresponsive to therapy. Moreover, many of the preclinical results obtained in the widely used mouse models of cancer are lost in translation to human patients. To improve the success rate of immuno-oncology research and preclinical testing of immune-based anticancer therapies, using alternative animal models more closely related to humans is a promising approach. Here, we describe 2 of the major alternative model systems: canine (spontaneous) and porcine (experimental) cancer models. Although dogs display a high rate of spontaneous tumor formation, an increased number of genetically modified porcine models exist. We suggest that the optimal immuno-oncology model may depend on the stage of cancer immunoediting in question. In particular, the spontaneous canine tumor models provide a unique platform for evaluating therapies aimed at the escape phase of cancer, while genetically engineered swine allow for elucidation of tumor-immune cell interactions especially during the phases of elimination and equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana H Overgaard
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | | | - Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Gregers Jungersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Tarone L, Barutello G, Iussich S, Giacobino D, Quaglino E, Buracco P, Cavallo F, Riccardo F. Naturally occurring cancers in pet dogs as pre-clinical models for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1839-1853. [PMID: 31222484 PMCID: PMC11028358 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant progress in tumor prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment made over recent decades, cancer is still an enormous public health challenge all around the world, with the number of people affected increasing every year. A great deal of effort is therefore being devoted to the search for novel safe, effective and economically sustainable treatments for the growing population of neoplastic patients. One main obstacle to this process is the extremely low percentage of therapeutic approaches that, after successfully passing pre-clinical testing, actually demonstrate activity when finally tested in humans. This disappointing and expensive failure rate is partly due to the pre-clinical murine models used for in vivo testing, which cannot faithfully recapitulate the multifaceted nature and evolution of human malignancies. These features are better mirrored in natural disease models, i.e., companion animals affected by cancers. Herein, we discuss the relevance of spontaneous canine tumors for the evaluation of the safety and anti-tumor activity of novel therapeutic strategies before in-human trials, and present our experience in the development of a vaccine that targets chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG)4 as an example of these comparative oncology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Barutello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Davide Giacobino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Quaglino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
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23
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Abstract
Advances in molecular biology have permitted a much more detailed understanding of cellular dysfunction at the molecular and genetic levels in cancer cells. This has resulted in the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, including proteins that regulate signal transduction, gene expression, and protein turnover. In many instances, small molecules are used to disrupt the function of these targets, often through competitive inhibition of ATP binding or the prevention of necessary protein-protein interactions. More than 40 small molecule inhibitors are now approved to treat a variety of human cancers, substantially impacting patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Londhe
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Megan Gutwillig
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Cheryl London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine and School of Medicine, Tufts University, Jaharis Building, Room 814, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 0211, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Lymphoma is a common disease in companion animals. Although conventional chemotherapy has the potential to induce remission and prolong life, relapse is common, and novel treatments are needed to improve outcome. This review discusses recent modifications/adjustments to conventional standard of care therapy for canine and feline lymphoma, as well as cutting-edge immunotherapy and small-molecule-based approaches that are in varying stages of regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA.
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25
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Jorquera PA, Mathew C, Pickens J, Williams C, Luczo JM, Tamir S, Ghildyal R, Tripp RA. Verdinexor (KPT-335), a Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export, Reduces Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication In Vitro. J Virol 2019; 93:e01684-18. [PMID: 30541831 PMCID: PMC6364025 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01684-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization of infants and young children, causing considerable respiratory disease and repeat infections that may lead to chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma, wheezing, and bronchitis. RSV causes ∼34 million new episodes of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in children younger than 5 years of age, with >3 million hospitalizations due to severe RSV-associated LRTI. The standard of care is limited to symptomatic relief as there are no approved vaccines and few effective antiviral drugs; thus, a safe and efficacious RSV therapeutic is needed. Therapeutic targeting of host proteins hijacked by RSV to facilitate replication is a promising antiviral strategy as targeting the host reduces the likelihood of developing drug resistance. The nuclear export of the RSV M protein, mediated by the nuclear export protein exportin 1 (XPO1), is crucial for RSV assembly and budding. Inhibition of RSV M protein export by leptomycin B correlated with reduced RSV replication in vitro In this study, we evaluated the anti-RSV efficacy of Verdinexor (KPT-335), a small molecule designed to reversibly inhibit XPO1-mediated nuclear export. KPT-335 inhibited XPO1-mediated transport and reduced RSV replication in vitro KPT-335 was effective against RSV A and B strains and reduced viral replication following prophylactic or therapeutic administration. Inhibition of RSV replication by KPT-335 was due to a combined effect of reduced XPO1 expression, disruption of the nuclear export of RSV M protein, and inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.IMPORTANCE RSV is an important cause of LRTI in infants and young children for which there are no suitable antiviral drugs offered. We evaluated the efficacy of KPT-335 as an anti-RSV drug and show that KPT-335 inhibits XPO1-mediated nuclear export, leading to nuclear accumulation of RSV M protein and reduction in RSV levels. KPT-335 treatment also resulted in inhibition of proinflammatory pathways, which has important implications for its effectiveness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Jorquera
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cynthia Mathew
- Respiratory Virology Group, Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jennifer Pickens
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Colin Williams
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jasmina M Luczo
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon Tamir
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Respiratory Virology Group, Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hwa-Chain Robert Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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27
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Chien W, Sudo M, Ding LW, Sun QY, Wuensche P, Lee KL, Hattori N, Garg M, Xu L, Zheng Y, Gery S, Wongphayak S, Yang H, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Mori S, Koeffler HP. Functional Genome-wide Screening Identifies Targets and Pathways Sensitizing Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Dasatinib. J Cancer 2018; 9:4762-4773. [PMID: 30588262 PMCID: PMC6299388 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is an unbiased genomic screen to obtain functional targets for increased effectiveness of dasatinib in pancreatic cancer. Dasatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used in clinical trials for treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance often occurs. We used a dasatinib-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line SU8686 to screen for synthetic lethality that synergizes with dasatinib using a pooled human shRNA library followed by next generation sequencing. Novel genes were identified which when silenced produced a prominent inhibitory effect with dasatinib against the pancreatic cancer cells. Several of these genes are involved in the regulation of epigenetics, as well as signaling pathways of the FOXO and hedgehog families. Small molecule inhibitors of either histone deacetylases or nuclear exporter had marked inhibitory effect with dasatinib in pancreatic cancers, suggesting their potential therapeutic effectiveness in this deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chien
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Sudo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiao-Yang Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peer Wuensche
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norimichi Hattori
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sigal Gery
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarawut Wongphayak
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Seiichi Mori
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
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28
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Kosyna FK, Depping R. Controlling the Gatekeeper: Therapeutic Targeting of Nuclear Transport. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110221. [PMID: 30469340 PMCID: PMC6262578 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transport receptors of the karyopherin superfamily of proteins transport macromolecules from one compartment to the other and are critical for both cell physiology and pathophysiology. The nuclear transport machinery is tightly regulated and essential to a number of key cellular processes since the spatiotemporally expression of many proteins and the nuclear transporters themselves is crucial for cellular activities. Dysregulation of the nuclear transport machinery results in localization shifts of specific cargo proteins and associates with the pathogenesis of disease states such as cancer, inflammation, viral illness and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibition of the nuclear transport system has future potential for therapeutic intervention and could contribute to the elucidation of disease mechanisms. In this review, we recapitulate clue findings in the pathophysiological significance of nuclear transport processes and describe the development of nuclear transport inhibitors. Finally, clinical implications and results of the first clinical trials are discussed for the most promising nuclear transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K Kosyna
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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29
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Sadowski AR, Gardner HL, Borgatti A, Wilson H, Vail DM, Lachowicz J, Manley C, Turner A, Klein MK, Waite A, Sahora A, London CA. Phase II study of the oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) KPT-335 (verdinexor) in dogs with lymphoma. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:250. [PMID: 30143046 PMCID: PMC6109271 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapeutic options for the treatment of canine lymphoma have not changed in several decades necessitating the identification of new therapeutics to improve patient outcome. KPT-335 (verdinexor) is a novel orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) that exhibited anti-tumor activity against non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a prior phase I study. The objective of this phase II study was to expand upon the initial findings and assess the activity and safety in a larger population of dogs with lymphoma. Results Fifty-eight dogs with naïve or progressive B-cell and T-cell lymphoma were enrolled in this clinical trial. KPT-335 was administered orally in one of three dosing groups, based on the previously established biologically active dose of 1.5 mg/kg three times weekly. Treatment with single-agent, orally administered KPT-335 resulted in an objective response rate (ORR) of 37%, of which dogs with T-cell lymphoma had an ORR of 71%. KPT-335 was well tolerated in all dose groups with grade 1–2 anorexia being the most common adverse event. Anorexia was responsive to symptomatic and supportive medications, including prednisone. Conclusions These data demonstrate that KPT-335 has biologic activity in canine lymphoma, and support continued evaluation of SINE compounds such as KPT-335 in combination with standard chemotherapeutics in canine lymphoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1587-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey R Sadowski
- Cummings School, Tufts University, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, 200 Westboro Rd, N. Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Heather L Gardner
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonella Borgatti
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Heather Wilson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua Lachowicz
- NYC Veterinary Specialists/Blue Pearl Veterinary Specialists, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mary K Klein
- Southern Arizona Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Angharad Waite
- The Oncology Service, Dogwood Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alexandra Sahora
- The Oncology Service, Friendship Hospital for Animals, Washington DC, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Cummings School, Tufts University, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, 200 Westboro Rd, N. Grafton, MA, 01536, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan parasite that causes human amoebiasis. It is one of the leading parasitic disease burdens in tropical regions and developing countries, with spread to developed countries through migrants from and travellers to endemic regions.Understanding E. histolytica's invasion mechanisms requires an understanding of how it interacts with external cell components and how it engulfs and kills cells (phagocytosis). Recent research suggests that optimal phagocytosis requires signalling events from the cell surface to the nucleus via the cytoplasm, and the induction of several factors that are transported to the plasma membrane. Current research in other protozoans suggests the presence of proteins with nuclear localization signals, nuclear export signals and Ran proteins; however, there is limited literature on their functionality and their functional similarity to higher eukaryotes.Based on learnings from the development of antivirals, nuclear transport elements in E. histolytica may present viable, specific, therapeutic targets.In this review, we aim to summarize our limited knowledge of the eukaryotic nuclear transport mechanisms that are conserved and may function in E. histolytica.
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31
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Vogl DT, Dingli D, Cornell RF, Huff CA, Jagannath S, Bhutani D, Zonder J, Baz R, Nooka A, Richter J, Cole C, Vij R, Jakubowiak A, Abonour R, Schiller G, Parker TL, Costa LJ, Kaminetzky D, Hoffman JE, Yee AJ, Chari A, Siegel D, Fonseca R, Van Wier S, Ahmann G, Lopez I, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Saint-Martin JR, Picklesimer CD, Choe-Juliak C, Stewart AK. Selective Inhibition of Nuclear Export With Oral Selinexor for Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:859-866. [PMID: 29381435 PMCID: PMC6905485 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.75.5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Selinexor, a first-in-class, oral, selective exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor, induces apoptosis in cancer cells through nuclear retention of tumor suppressor proteins and the glucocorticoid receptor, along with inhibition of translation of oncoprotein mRNAs. We studied selinexor in combination with low-dose dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma refractory to the most active available agents. Patients and Methods This phase II trial evaluated selinexor 80 mg and dexamethasone 20 mg, both orally and twice weekly, in patients with myeloma refractory to bortezomib, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide (quad-refractory disease), with a subset also refractory to an anti-CD38 antibody (penta-refractory disease). The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR). Results Of 79 patients, 48 had quad-refractory and 31 had penta-refractory myeloma. Patients had received a median of seven prior regimens. The ORR was 21% and was similar for patients with quad-refractory (21%) and penta-refractory (20%) disease. Among patients with high-risk cytogenetics, including t(4;14), t(14;16), and del(17p), the ORR was 35% (six of 17 patients). The median duration of response was 5 months, and 65% of responding patients were alive at 12 months. The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (59%), anemia (28%), neutropenia (23%), hyponatremia (22%), leukopenia (15%), and fatigue (15%). Dose interruptions for adverse events occurred in 41 patients (52%), dose reductions occurred in 29 patients (37%), and treatment discontinuation occurred in 14 patients (18%). Conclusion The combination of selinexor and dexamethasone has an ORR of 21% in patients with heavily pretreated, refractory myeloma with limited therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan T. Vogl
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - David Dingli
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Robert Frank Cornell
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Carol Ann Huff
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Sundar Jagannath
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Divaya Bhutani
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jeffrey Zonder
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Rachid Baz
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ajay Nooka
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Joshua Richter
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Craig Cole
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ravi Vij
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Andrzej Jakubowiak
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Rafat Abonour
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Gary Schiller
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Terri L. Parker
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Luciano J. Costa
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - David Kaminetzky
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - James E. Hoffman
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Andrew J. Yee
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ajai Chari
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - David Siegel
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Scott Van Wier
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Gregory Ahmann
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ilsel Lopez
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael Kauffman
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Sharon Shacham
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jean-Richard Saint-Martin
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Carla D. Picklesimer
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Cassandra Choe-Juliak
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - A. Keith Stewart
- Dan T. Vogl, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; David Dingli, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Robert Frank Cornell, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Carol Ann Huff, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Sundar Jagannath, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Kaminetzky, New York University Langone Medical Center; Ajai Chari, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sanai, New York, NY; Divaya Bhutani and Jeffrey Zonder, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit; Craig Cole, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rachid Baz, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa; James E. Hoffman, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Ajay Nooka, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Joshua Richter and David Siegel, John Theurer Cancer Center at the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Ravi Vij, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Andrzej Jakubowiak, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rafat Abonour, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN; Gary Schiller, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Terri L. Parker, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Luciano J. Costa, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Andrew J. Yee, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston; Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Carla D. Picklesimer, and Cassandra Choe-Juliak, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA; Rafael Fonseca, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Ilsel Lopez, and A. Keith Stewart, Mayo Clinic of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
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Archbold HC, Jackson KL, Arora A, Weskamp K, Tank EM, Li X, Miguez R, Dayton RD, Tamir S, Klein RL, Barmada SJ. TDP43 nuclear export and neurodegeneration in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4606. [PMID: 29545601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders marked in most cases by the nuclear exclusion and cytoplasmic deposition of the RNA binding protein TDP43. We previously demonstrated that ALS-associated mutant TDP43 accumulates within the cytoplasm, and that TDP43 mislocalization predicts neurodegeneration. Here, we sought to prevent neurodegeneration in ALS/FTD models using selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compounds that target exportin-1 (XPO1). SINE compounds modestly extend cellular survival in neuronal ALS/FTD models and mitigate motor symptoms in an in vivo rat ALS model. At high doses, SINE compounds block nuclear egress of an XPO1 cargo reporter, but not at lower concentrations that were associated with neuroprotection. Neither SINE compounds nor leptomycin B, a separate XPO1 inhibitor, enhanced nuclear TDP43 levels, while depletion of XPO1 or other exportins had little effect on TDP43 localization, suggesting that no single exporter is necessary for TDP43 export. Supporting this hypothesis, we find overexpression of XPO1, XPO7 and NXF1 are each sufficient to promote nuclear TDP43 egress. Taken together, our results indicate that redundant pathways regulate TDP43 nuclear export, and that therapeutic prevention of cytoplasmic TDP43 accumulation in ALS/FTD may be enhanced by targeting several overlapping mechanisms.
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Pickens JA, Tripp RA. Verdinexor Targeting of CRM1 is a Promising Therapeutic Approach against RSV and Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:E48. [PMID: 29361733 PMCID: PMC5795461 DOI: 10.3390/v10010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two primary causes of respiratory tract infections are respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses, both of which remain major public health concerns. There are a limited number of antiviral drugs available for the treatment of RSV and influenza, each having limited effectiveness and each driving selective pressure for the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Novel broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to circumvent problems with current disease intervention strategies, while improving the cytokine-induced immunopathology associated with RSV and influenza infections. In this review, we examine the use of Verdinexor (KPT-335, a novel orally bioavailable drug that functions as a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, SINE), as an antiviral with multifaceted therapeutic potential. KPT-335 works to (1) block CRM1 (i.e., Chromosome Region Maintenance 1; exportin 1 or XPO1) mediated export of viral proteins critical for RSV and influenza pathogenesis; and (2) repress nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, thus reducing cytokine production and eliminating virus-associated immunopathology. The repurposing of SINE compounds as antivirals shows promise not only against RSV and influenza virus but also against other viruses that exploit the nucleus as part of their viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Pickens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Gravina GL, Mancini A, Colapietro A, Marampon F, Sferra R, Pompili S, Biordi LA, Iorio R, Flati V, Argueta C, Landesman Y, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Festuccia C. Pharmacological treatment with inhibitors of nuclear export enhances the antitumor activity of docetaxel in human prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111225-111245. [PMID: 29340049 PMCID: PMC5762317 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Docetaxel (DTX) modestly increases patient survival of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) due to insurgence of pharmacological resistance. Deregulation of Chromosome Region Maintenance (CRM-1)/ exportin-1 (XPO-1)-mediated nuclear export may play a crucial role in this phenomenon. Material and methods Here, we evaluated the effects of two Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds, selinexor (KPT-330) and KPT-251, in association with DTX by using 22rv1, PC3 and DU145 cell lines with their. DTX resistant derivatives. Results and conclusions We show that DTX resistance may involve overexpression of β-III tubulin (TUBB3) and P-glycoprotein as well as increased cytoplasmic accumulation of Foxo3a. Increased levels of XPO-1 were also observed in DTX resistant cells suggesting that SINE compounds may modulate DTX effectiveness in sensitive cells as well as restore the sensitivity to DTX in resistant ones. Pretreatment with SINE compounds, indeed, sensitized to DTX through increased tumor shrinkage and apoptosis by preventing DTX-induced cell cycle arrest. Basally SINE compounds induce FOXO3a activation and nuclear accumulation increasing the expression of FOXO-responsive genes including p21, p27 and Bim causing cell cycle arrest. SINE compounds-catenin and survivin supporting apoptosis. βdown-regulated Cyclin D1, c-myc, Nuclear sequestration of p-Foxo3a was able to reduce ABCB1 and TUBB3 H2AX levels, prolonged γ expression. Selinexor treatment increased DTX-mediated double strand breaks (DSB), and reduced the levels of DNA repairing proteins including DNA PKc and Topo2A. Our results provide supportive evidence for the therapeutic use of SINE compounds in combination with DTX suggesting their clinical use in mCRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colapietro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Leda Assunta Biordi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Pathology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Pathology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Decker WK, da Silva RF, Sanabria MH, Angelo LS, Guimarães F, Burt BM, Kheradmand F, Paust S. Cancer Immunotherapy: Historical Perspective of a Clinical Revolution and Emerging Preclinical Animal Models. Front Immunol 2017; 8:829. [PMID: 28824608 PMCID: PMC5539135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
At the turn of the last century, the emerging field of medical oncology chose a cytotoxic approach to cancer therapy over an immune-centered approach at a time when evidence in support of either paradigm did not yet exist. Today, nearly 120 years of data have established that (a) even the best cytotoxic regimens only infrequently cure late-stage malignancy and (b) strategies that supplement and augment existing antitumor immune responses offer the greatest opportunities to potentiate durable remission in cancer. Despite widespread acceptance of these paradigms today, the ability of the immune system to recognize and fight cancer was a highly controversial topic for much of the twentieth century. Why this modern paradigmatic mainstay should have been both dubious and controversial for such an extended period is a topic of considerable interest that merits candid discussion. Herein, we review the literature to identify and describe the watershed events that ultimately led to the acceptance of immunotherapy as a viable regimen for the treatment of neoplastic malignancy. In addition to noting important clinical discoveries, we also focus on research milestones and the development of critical model systems in rodents and dogs including the advanced modeling techniques that allowed development of patient-derived xenografts. Together, their use will further our understanding of cancer biology and tumor immunology, allow for a speedier assessment of the efficacy and safety of novel approaches, and ultimately provide a faster bench to beside transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Decker
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rodrigo F da Silva
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Women's Hospital - CAISM, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mayra H Sanabria
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Laura S Angelo
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Bryan M Burt
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major global concern and despite major advancements in medical research, still cause significant morbidity and mortality. Progress in antiviral therapy is particularly hindered by appearance of mutants capable of overcoming the effects of drugs targeting viral components. Alternatively, development of drugs targeting host proteins essential for completion of viral lifecycle holds potential as a viable strategy for antiviral therapy. Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathways in particular are involved in several pathological conditions including cancer and viral infections, where hijacking or alteration of function of key transporter proteins, such as Chromosome Region Maintenance1 (CRM1) is observed. Overexpression of CRM1-mediated nuclear export is evident in several solid and hematological malignancies. Interestingly, CRM1-mediated nuclear export of viral components is crucial in various stages of the viral lifecycle and assembly. This review summarizes the role of CRM1 in cancer and selected viruses. Leptomycin B (LMB) is the prototypical inhibitor of CRM1 potent against various cancer cell lines overexpressing CRM1 and in limiting viral infections at nanomolar concentrations in vitro. However, the irreversible shutdown of nuclear export results in high cytotoxicity and limited efficacy in vivo. This has prompted search for synthetic and natural CRM1 inhibitors that can potentially be developed as broadly active antivirals, some of which are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Mathew
- Respiratory Virology Group, Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Health Research Institute, University of CanberraCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Respiratory Virology Group, Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Health Research Institute, University of CanberraCanberra, ACT, Australia
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Kuruvilla J, Savona M, Baz R, Mau-Sorensen PM, Gabrail N, Garzon R, Stone R, Wang M, Savoie L, Martin P, Flinn I, Jacoby M, Unger TJ, Saint-Martin JR, Rashal T, Friedlander S, Carlson R, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Gutierrez M. Selective inhibition of nuclear export with selinexor in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2017; 129:3175-83. [PMID: 28468797 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-750174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. We evaluated selinexor, an orally bioavailable, first-in-class inhibitor of the nuclear export protein XPO1, in this phase 1 trial to assess safety and determine a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Seventy-nine patients with various NHL histologies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Richter's transformation, mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, were enrolled. In the dose-escalation phase, patients received 3 to 80 mg/m2 of selinexor in 3- or 4-week cycles and were assessed for toxicities, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity. In the dose-expansion phase, patients were treated with selinexor at 35 or 60 mg/m2 The most common grade 3 to 4 drug-related adverse events were thrombocytopenia (47%), neutropenia (32%), anemia (27%), leukopenia (16%), fatigue (11%), and hyponatremia (10%). Tumor biopsies showed decreases in cell-signaling pathways (Bcl-2, Bcl-6, c-Myc), reduced proliferation (Ki67), nuclear localization of XPO1 cargos (p53, PTEN), and increased apoptosis after treatment. Twenty-two (31%) of the 70 evaluable patients had an objective responses, including 4 complete responses and 18 partial responses, which were observed across a spectrum of NHL subtypes. A dose of 35 mg/m2 (60 mg) was identified as the RP2D. These findings suggest that inhibition of XPO1 with oral selinexor at 35 mg/m2 is a safe therapy with encouraging and durable anticancer activity in patients with R/R NHL. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01607892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Asfar S. Azmi and Ramzi M. Mohammad, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Asfar S. Azmi and Ramzi M. Mohammad, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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LeBlanc AK, Mazcko C, Brown DE, Koehler JW, Miller AD, Miller CR, Bentley RT, Packer RA, Breen M, Boudreau CE, Levine JM, Simpson RM, Halsey C, Kisseberth W, Rossmeisl JH, Dickinson PJ, Fan TM, Corps K, Aldape K, Puduvalli V, Pluhar GE, Gilbert MR. Creation of an NCI comparative brain tumor consortium: informing the translation of new knowledge from canine to human brain tumor patients. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1209-18. [PMID: 27179361 PMCID: PMC4999002 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
On September 14-15, 2015, a meeting of clinicians and investigators in the fields of veterinary and human neuro-oncology, clinical trials, neuropathology, and drug development was convened at the National Institutes of Health campus in Bethesda, Maryland. This meeting served as the inaugural event launching a new consortium focused on improving the knowledge, development of, and access to naturally occurring canine brain cancer, specifically glioma, as a model for human disease. Within the meeting, a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) assessment was undertaken to critically evaluate the role that naturally occurring canine brain tumors could have in advancing this aspect of comparative oncology aimed at improving outcomes for dogs and human beings. A summary of this meeting and subsequent discussion are provided to inform the scientific and clinical community of the potential for this initiative. Canine and human comparisons represent an unprecedented opportunity to complement conventional brain tumor research paradigms, addressing a devastating disease for which innovative diagnostic and treatment strategies are clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Christina Mazcko
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Diane E Brown
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Jennifer W Koehler
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - R Timothy Bentley
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Rebecca A Packer
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Matthew Breen
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - C Elizabeth Boudreau
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Charles Halsey
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - William Kisseberth
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Peter J Dickinson
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Kara Corps
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Vinay Puduvalli
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - G Elizabeth Pluhar
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (A.K.L, C.M.); American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina (D.E.B); Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (J.W.K); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York (A.D.M); Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (R.T.B); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado , (R.A.P); Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (M.B.); Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.M.L, C.E.B); Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (R.M.S, C.H.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio , (W.K.); Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (J.H.R); Department of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California (P.J.D); Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (T.M.F); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C., M.R.G); De
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40
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Bauer K, Hadzijusufovic E, Cerny-Reiterer S, Hoermann G, Reifinger M, Pirker A, Valent P, Willmann M. IL-4 downregulates expression of the target receptor CD30 in neoplastic canine mast cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1240-1256. [PMID: 27507155 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD30 is a novel therapeutic target in human mast cell (MC) neoplasms. In this 'comparative oncology' study, we examined CD30 expression and regulation in neoplastic canine MC using a panel of immunomodulatory cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and stem cell factor (SCF)] and the canine mastocytoma cell lines NI-1 and C2. Of all cytokines tested IL-4 was found to downregulate expression of CD30 in NI-1 and C2 cells. We also found that the CD30-targeting antibody-conjugate brentuximab vedotin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in both MC lines. Next, we asked whether IL-4-induced downregulation of CD30 interferes with brentuximab vedotin-effects. Indeed, pre-incubation of NI-1 cells with IL-4 decreased responsiveness towards brentuximab vedotin. To overcome IL-4-mediated resistance, we applied drug combinations and found that brentuximab vedotin synergizes with the Kit-targeting drugs masitinib and PKC412 in inhibiting growth of NI-1 and C2 cells. In summary, CD30 is a new marker and IL-4-regulated target in neoplastic canine MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Hoermann
- Department for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Reifinger
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Pirker
- Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Willmann
- Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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41
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Abstract
The nuclear transport proteins, importins and exportins (karyopherin-β proteins), may play an important role in cancer by transporting key mediators of oncogenesis across the nuclear membrane in cancer cells. During nucleocytoplasmic transport of tumor suppressor proteins and cell cycle regulators during the processing of these proteins, aberrant cellular growth signaling and inactivation of apoptosis can occur, both critical to growth and development of tumors. Karyopherin-β proteins bind to these cargo proteins and RanGTP for active transport across the nuclear membrane through the nuclear pore complex. Importins and exportins are overexpressed in multiple tumors including melanoma, pancreatic, breast, colon, gastric, prostate, esophageal, lung cancer, and lymphomas. Furthermore, some of the karyopherin-β proteins such as exportin-1 have been implicated in drug resistance in cancer. Importin and exportin inhibitors are being considered as therapeutic targets against cancer and have shown preclinical anticancer activity. Moreover, synergistic activity has been observed with various chemotherapeutic and targeted agents. However, clinical development of the exportin-1 inhibitor leptomycin B was stopped due to adverse events, including vomiting, anorexia, and dehydration. Selinexor, a selective nuclear export inhibitor, is being tested in multiple clinical trials both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy. Selinexor has demonstrated clinical activity in multiple cancers, especially acute myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma. The roles of other importin and exportin inhibitors still need to be investigated clinically. Targeting the key mediators of nucleocytoplasmic transport in cancer cells represents a novel strategy in cancer intervention with the potential to significantly affect outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mahipal
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
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42
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Yin Q, Tang L, Cai K, Tong R, Sternberg R, Yang X, Dobrucki LW, Borst LB, Kamstock D, Song Z, Helferich WG, Cheng J, Fan TM. Pamidronate functionalized nanoconjugates for targeted therapy of focal skeletal malignant osteolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4601-9. [PMID: 27457945 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603316113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant osteolysis associated with inoperable primary bone tumors and multifocal skeletal metastases remains a challenging clinical problem in cancer patients. Nanomedicine that is able to target and deliver therapeutic agents to diseased bone sites could potentially provide an effective treatment option for different types of skeletal cancers. Here, we report the development of polylactide nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with doxorubicin (Doxo) and coated with bone-seeking pamidronate (Pam) for the targeted treatment of malignant skeletal tumors. In vivo biodistribution of radiolabeled targeted Pam-NPs demonstrated enhanced bone tumor accumulation and prolonged retention compared with nontargeted NPs. In a murine model of focal malignant osteolysis, Pam-functionalized, Doxo-loaded NPs (Pam-Doxo-NPs) significantly attenuated localized osteosarcoma (OS) progression compared with nontargeted Doxo-NPs. Importantly, we report on the first evaluation to our knowlege of Pam-Doxo-NPs in dogs with OS, which possess tumors of anatomic size and physiology comparable to those in humans. The repeat dosing of Pam-Doxo-NPs in dogs with naturally occurring OS indicated the therapeutic was well tolerated without hematologic, nonhematologic, and cardiac toxicities. By nuclear scintigraphy, the biodistribution of Pam-Doxo-NPs demonstrated malignant bone-targeting capability and exerted measurable anticancer activities as confirmed with percent tumor necrosis histopathology assessment.
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43
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Harrington BK, Gardner HL, Izumi R, Hamdy A, Rothbaum W, Coombes KR, Covey T, Kaptein A, Gulrajani M, Van Lith B, Krejsa C, Coss CC, Russell DS, Zhang X, Urie BK, London CA, Byrd JC, Johnson AJ, Kisseberth WC. Preclinical Evaluation of the Novel BTK Inhibitor Acalabrutinib in Canine Models of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159607. [PMID: 27434128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) is a second-generation inhibitor of Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK) with increased target selectivity and potency compared to ibrutinib. In this study, we evaluated acalabrutinib in spontaneously occurring canine lymphoma, a model of B-cell malignancy similar to human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). First, we demonstrated that acalabrutinib potently inhibited BTK activity and downstream effectors in CLBL1, a canine B-cell lymphoma cell line, and primary canine lymphoma cells. Acalabrutinib also inhibited proliferation in CLBL1 cells. Twenty dogs were enrolled in the clinical trial and treated with acalabrutinib at dosages of 2.5 to 20mg/kg every 12 or 24 hours. Acalabrutinib was generally well tolerated, with adverse events consisting primarily of grade 1 or 2 anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea and lethargy. Overall response rate (ORR) was 25% (5/20) with a median progression free survival (PFS) of 22.5 days. Clinical benefit was observed in 30% (6/20) of dogs. These findings suggest that acalabrutinib is safe and exhibits activity in canine B-cell lymphoma patients and support the use of canine lymphoma as a relevant model for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
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44
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Sun Q, Chen X, Zhou Q, Burstein E, Yang S, Jia D. Inhibiting cancer cell hallmark features through nuclear export inhibition. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1:16010. [PMID: 29263896 PMCID: PMC5661660 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating cancer through inhibition of nuclear export is one of the best examples of basic research translation into clinical application. Nuclear export factor chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1; Xpo1 and exportin-1) controls cellular localization and function of numerous proteins that are critical for the development of many cancer hallmarks. The diverse actions of CRM1 are likely to explain the broad ranging anti-cancer potency of CRM1 inhibitors observed in pre-clinical studies and/or clinical trials (phase I–III) on both advanced-stage solid and hematological tumors. In this review, we compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of different CRM1 inhibitors, and discuss the potential benefit of unexplored non-covalent CRM1 inhibitors. This emerging field has uncovered that nuclear export inhibition is well poised as an attractive target towards low-toxicity broad-spectrum potent anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China 2nd University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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45
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Mantovani FB, Morrison JA, Mutsaers AJ. Effects of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibition on radiation response in canine osteosarcoma cells. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:82. [PMID: 27245053 PMCID: PMC4888507 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is a palliative treatment modality for canine osteosarcoma, with transient improvement in analgesia observed in many cases. However there is room for improvement in outcome for these patients. It is possible that the addition of sensitizing agents may increase tumor response to radiation therapy and prolong quality of life. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression has been documented in canine osteosarcoma and higher EGFR levels have been correlated to a worse prognosis. However, effects of EGFR inhibition on radiation responsiveness in canine osteosarcoma have not been previously characterized. This study examined the effects of the small molecule EGFR inhibitor erlotinib on canine osteosarcoma radiation responses, target and downstream protein expression in vitro. Additionally, to assess the potential impact of treatment on tumor angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in conditioned media were measured. RESULTS Erlotinib as a single agent reduced clonogenic survival in two canine osteosarcoma cell lines and enhanced the impact of radiation in one out of three cell lines investigated. In cell viability assays, erlotinib enhanced radiation effects and demonstrated single agent effects. Erlotinib did not alter total levels of EGFR, nor inhibit downstream protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) activation. On the contrary, erlotinib treatment increased phosphorylated Akt in these osteosarcoma cell lines. VEGF levels in conditioned media increased after erlotinib treatment as a single agent and in combination with radiation in two out of three cell lines investigated. However, VEGF levels decreased with erlotinib treatment in the third cell line. CONCLUSIONS Erlotinib treatment promoted modest enhancement of radiation effects in canine osteosarcoma cells, and possessed activity as a single agent in some cell lines, indicating a potential role for EGFR inhibition in the treatment of a subset of osteosarcoma patients. The relative radioresistance of osteosarcoma cells does not appear to be related to EGFR signalling exclusively. Angiogenic responses to radiation and kinase inhibitors are similarly likely to be multifactorial and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jodi A Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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46
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Piras LA, Riccardo F, Iussich S, Maniscalco L, Gattino F, Martano M, Morello E, Lorda Mayayo S, Rolih V, Garavaglia F, De Maria R, Lardone E, Collivignarelli F, Mignacca D, Giacobino D, Ferrone S, Cavallo F, Buracco P. Prolongation of survival of dogs with oral malignant melanoma treated by en bloc surgical resection and adjuvant CSPG4-antigen electrovaccination. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:996-1013. [PMID: 27146852 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reported post-surgery 1-year survival rate for oral canine malignant melanoma (cMM) is around 30%; novel treatments are needed as the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear. This prospective study regards adjuvant electrovaccination with human chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 (hCSPG4)-encoded plasmid in 23 dogs with resected II/III-staged CSPG4-positive oral cMM compared with 19 dogs with resected only II/III-staged CSPG4-positive oral cMM. Vaccination resulted in 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month survival rate of 95.6, 73.9, 47.8 and 30.4%, respectively [median survival time (MST) 684 days, range 78-1694, 8 of 23 dogs alive] and 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month disease-free interval (DFI) rate of 82.6, 47.8, 26.1 and 17.4%, respectively (DFI 477 days, range 50-1694). Non-vaccinated dogs showed 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month survival rate of 63.2, 26.3, 15.8 and 5.3%, respectively (MST 200 days, range 75-1507, 1 of 19 dogs alive) and 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month DFI rate of 52.6, 26.3, 10.5 and 5.3%, respectively (DFI 180 days, range 38-1250). Overall survival and DFI of vaccinated dogs was longer in those <20 kg. In vaccinated and non-vaccinated dogs local recurrence rate was 34.8 and 42%, respectively while lung metastatic rate was 39 and 79%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Piras
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - L Maniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Gattino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Martano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - E Morello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Lorda Mayayo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - V Rolih
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Garavaglia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - E Lardone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - D Mignacca
- Clinica Veterinaria Roma Sud, Roma, Italy
| | - D Giacobino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - P Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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47
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Abstract
Active nucleocytoplasmic transport is a key mechanism underlying protein regulation in eukaryotes. While nuclear protein import can be controlled in space and time with a portfolio of optogenetic tools, protein export has not been tackled so far. Here we present a light-inducible nuclear export system (LEXY) based on a single, genetically encoded tag, which enables precise spatiotemporal control over the export of tagged proteins. A constitutively nuclear, chromatin-anchored LEXY variant expands the method towards light inhibition of endogenous protein export by sequestering cellular CRM1 receptors. We showcase the utility of LEXY for cell biology applications by regulating a synthetic repressor as well as human p53 transcriptional activity with light. LEXY is a powerful addition to the optogenetic toolbox, allowing various novel applications in synthetic and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Niopek
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre Wehler
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Roensch
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Ventura
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Tajiri N, De La Peña I, Acosta SA, Kaneko Y, Tamir S, Landesman Y, Carlson R, Shacham S, Borlongan CV. A Nuclear Attack on Traumatic Brain Injury: Sequestration of Cell Death in the Nucleus. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:306-15. [PMID: 26842647 PMCID: PMC5067638 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1) plays prominent roles in the regulation of nuclear protein export. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) are small orally bioavailable molecules that serve as drug‐like inhibitors of XPO1, with potent anti‐cancer properties. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents with a secondary cell death characterized by neuroinflammation that is putatively regulated by nuclear receptors. Aims and Results Here, we report that the SINE compounds (KPT‐350 or KPT‐335) sequestered TBI‐induced neuroinflammation‐related proteins (NF‐kB, AKT, FOXP1) within the nucleus of cultured primary rat cortical neurons, which coincided with protection against TNF‐α (20 ng/mL)‐induced neurotoxicity as shown by at least 50% and 100% increments in preservation of cell viability and cellular enzymatic activity, respectively, compared to non‐treated neuronal cells (P's < 0.05). In parallel, using an in vivo controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI, we demonstrate that adult Sprague‐Dawley rats treated post‐injury with SINE compounds exhibited significant reductions in TBI‐induced behavioral and histological deficits. Animals that received KPT‐350 orally starting at 2 h post‐TBI and once a day thereafter over the next 4 days exhibited significantly better motor coordination, and balance in the rotorod test and motor asymmetry test by 100–200% improvements, as early as 4 h after initial SINE compound injection that was sustained during subsequent KPT‐350 dosing, and throughout the 18‐day post‐TBI study period compared to vehicle treatment (P's < 0.05). Moreover, KPT‐350 reduced cortical core impact area and peri‐impact cell death compared to vehicle treatment (P's < 0.05). Conclusions Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that KPT‐350 increased XPO1, AKT, and FOXP1 nuclear expression and relegated NF‐kB expression within the neuronal nuclei. Altogether, these findings advance the utility of SINE compounds to stop trafficking of cell death proteins within the nucleus as an efficacious treatment for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ike De La Peña
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sandra A Acosta
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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49
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Attiyeh EF, Maris JM, Lock R, Reynolds CP, Kang MH, Carol H, Gorlick R, Kolb EA, Keir ST, Wu J, Landesman Y, Shacham S, Lyalin D, Kurmasheva RT, Houghton PJ, Smith MA. Pharmacodynamic and genomic markers associated with response to the XPO1/CRM1 inhibitor selinexor (KPT-330): A report from the pediatric preclinical testing program. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:276-86. [PMID: 26398108 PMCID: PMC4722540 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selinexor (KPT-330) is an inhibitor of the major nuclear export receptor, exportin 1 (XPO1, also termed chromosome region maintenance 1, CRM1) that has demonstrated activity in preclinical models and clinical activity against several solid and hematological cancers. PROCEDURES Selinexor was tested against the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) in vitro cell line panel at concentrations from 1.0 nM to 10 μM and against the PPTP in vivo xenograft panels administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg thrice weekly for 4 weeks. RESULTS Selinexor demonstrated cytotoxic activity in vitro, with a median relative IC50 value of 123 nM (range 13.0 nM to >10 μM). Selinexor induced significant differences in event-free survival (EFS) distribution in 29 of 38 (76%) of the evaluable solid tumor xenografts and in five of eight (63%) of the evaluable ALL xenografts. Objective responses (partial or complete responses, PR/CR) were observed for 4 of 38 solid tumor xenografts including Wilms tumor, medulloblastoma (n = 2), and ependymoma models. For the ALL panel, two of eight (25%) xenografts achieved either CR or maintained CR. Two responding xenografts had FBXW7 mutations at R465 and two had SMARCA4 mutations. Selinexor induced p53, p21, and cleaved PARP in several solid tumor models. CONCLUSIONS Selinexor induced regression against several solid tumor and ALL xenografts and slowed tumor growth in a larger number of models. Pharmacodynamic effects for XPO1 inhibition were noted. Defining the relationship between selinexor systemic exposures in mice and humans will be important in assessing the clinical relevance of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F. Attiyeh
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John M. Maris
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard Lock
- Children’s Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Min H. Kang
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Hernan Carol
- Children’s Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jianrong Wu
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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50
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Dervisis N, Klahn S. Therapeutic Innovations: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3010004. [PMID: 29056714 PMCID: PMC5644617 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy involving DNA-interacting agents and indiscriminate cell death is no longer the future of cancer management. While chemotherapy is not likely to completely disappear from the armamentarium; the use of targeted therapies in combination with conventional treatment is becoming the standard of care in human medicine. Tyrosine kinases are pivotal points of functional cellular pathways and have been implicated in malignancy, inflammatory, and immune-mediated diseases. Pharmaceutical interventions targeting aberrant tyrosine kinase signaling has exploded and is the second most important area of drug development. The “Valley of Death” between drug discovery and approval threatens to blunt the enormous strides in cancer management seen thus far. Kinase inhibitors, as targeted small molecules, hold promise in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the use of kinase inhibitors in the interpretation and management of cancer. Comparative oncology has the potential to address restrictions and limitations in the advancement in kinase inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Dervisis
- Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, 245 Duck Pond Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Shawna Klahn
- Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, 245 Duck Pond Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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