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Akther F, Sajin D, Moonshi SS, Wu Y, Vazquez-Prada KX, Ta HT. Modeling Foam Cell Formation in A Hydrogel-Based 3D-Intimal Model: A Study of The Role of Multi-Diseases During Early Atherosclerosis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300463. [PMID: 38200677 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Monocyte recruitment and transmigration are crucial in atherosclerotic plaque development. The multi-disease complexities aggravate the situation and continue to be a constant concern for understanding atherosclerosis plaque development. Herein, a 3D hydrogel-based model that integrates disease-induced microenvironments is sought to be designed, allowing us to explore the early stages of atherosclerosis, specifically examining monocyte fate in multi-disease complexities. As a proof-of-concept study, murine cells are employed to develop the model. The model is constructed with collagen embedded with murine aortic smooth muscle cells and a murine endothelial monolayer lining. The model achieves in vitro disease complexities using external stimuli such as glucose and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hyperglycemia exhibits a significant increase in monocyte adhesion but no enhancement in monocyte transmigration and foam cell conversion compared to euglycemia. Chronic infection achieved by LPS stimulation results in a remarkable augment in initial monocyte attachment and a significant increment in monocyte transmigration and foam cells in all concentrations. Moreover, the model exhibits synergistic sensitivity under multi-disease conditions such as hyperglycemia and infection, enhancing initial monocyte attachment, cell transmigration, and foam cell formation. Additionally, western blot data prove the enhanced levels of inflammatory biomarkers, indicating the model's capability to mimic disease-induced complexities during early atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Akther
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Dimple Sajin
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Shehzahdi S Moonshi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Yuao Wu
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Karla X Vazquez-Prada
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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Wei X, Cheng J, Zhang L, Xu R, Zhang W. Association of systemic inflammatory response index and plaque characteristics with the severity and recurrence of cerebral ischemic events. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107558. [PMID: 38262100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the relationship between systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and intracranial plaque features, as well as the risk factors related to the severity and recurrence of cerebral ischemic events. METHODS We enrolled 170 patients with cerebral ischemic events. Baseline demographic characteristics and laboratory indicators were collected from all participants. All patients were assessed by high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging for culprit plaque characteristics and intracranial atherosclerotic burden. Outpatient or telephone follow-up were conducted at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. RESULTS SIRI levels were significantly associated with the enhanced plaque number (r = 0.205, p = 0.007), total plaque stenosis score (r = 0.178, p = 0.020), total plaque enhancement score (r = 0.222, p = 0.004), intraplaque hemorrhage (F = 5.630, p = 0.004), and plaque surface irregularity (F = 3.986, p = 0.021). Higher SIRI levels (OR = 1.892), total plaque enhancement score (OR = 1.392), intraplaque hemorrhage (OR = 3.370) and plaque surface irregularity (OR = 2.846) were independent risk factors for moderate-severe stroke, and these variables were significantly positively correlated with NIHSS (P < 0.05 for all). In addition, higher age (HR = 1.063, P = 0.015), higher SIRI levels (HR = 2.003, P < 0.001), and intraplaque hemorrhage (HR = 4.482, P = 0.008) were independently associated with recurrent stroke. CONCLUSIONS Higher SIRI levels may have adverse effects on the vulnerability and burden of intracranial plaques, and links to the severity and recurrence of ischemic events. Therefore, SIRI may provide important supplementary information for evaluating intracranial plaque stability and risk stratification of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Radiology,Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ruoyu Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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Zhang L, Xu X, Zhang X, Jiang S, Hui P. Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with ulcerative plaque in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A single center exploratory study. J Clin Ultrasound 2024; 52:295-304. [PMID: 38143429 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored the correlation between inflammatory markers and ulcerative plaques based on carotid doppler ultrasound (CDU) in individuals with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS A total of 202 cases diagnosed with AIS associated with atherosclerotic plaque (AP) in the carotid artery were enrolled in this research. Collecting clinical baseline data, laboratory data (such as the complete blood count) and imaging data (CDU and Brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). Then the correlation between Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII, SII = P N/L, where P, N, and L were the peripheral blood platelet, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, respectively), the shape and position of AP, the degree of carotid artery stenosis, and the presence of ulcerative plaques. Cutoff values were determined accordingly. RESULTS SII and high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) were independent risk factors for the presence of vulnerable carotid plaques. SII, type A plaque, plaque above carotid bifurcation, and severe carotid stenosis were independent risk factors for the presence of ulcerative plaque. The AUC value, the sensitivity, specificity, the best cutoff value of SII in predicting the presence of ulcerative plaque was 0.895, 93.3%, 89.2%, and 537.4 (109 /L), respectively. CONCLUSION SII at admission was found to be independently associated with the presence of AIS with vulnerable plaque, especially ulcerative plaques. Moreover, plaque ulceration was more likely to form when the area of higher plaque thickness was located in the upstream arterial wall of maximum plaque thickness (WTmax), plaque was above the carotid bifurcation and severe carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinchun Xu
- Department of Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Department of Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pinjing Hui
- Department of Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
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Chlorogiannis DD, Pargaonkar S, Papanagiotou P, Bakogiannis NC, Bakoyiannis C, Kokkinidis DG. Inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents, and the role of colchicine in carotid artery stenosis. VASA 2024; 53:4-12. [PMID: 38079179 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the last few years, the role of inflammation and inflammatory modulatory medications is investigated for the optimal treatment of coronary artery disease. It can be hypothesized that since inflammation is also involved in carotid artery stenosis development and progression, the same class of medication could be useful. Our objective with this review is to present the available evidence, published studies and promising ongoing trials on the role of anti-inflammatory medications - with a special emphasis on the most commonly used drug of this class: colchicine - in patients with carotid artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumant Pargaonkar
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Ciry, NY, USA
| | - Panagiotis Papanagiotou
- First Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Areteion Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Bremen-Mitte/Bremen-Ost, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos C Bakogiannis
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Laiko General Hospital/University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Bakoyiannis
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Laiko General Hospital/University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Damianos G Kokkinidis
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Anees S, Ahmad M, Ashraf S, Bhat AH, Hamid R, Ganie SA. Bioactive fractions from Allium humile alleviate the risk of high fat diet induced atherosclerosis in albino Wistar rats by inhibiting protein kinase C. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105775. [PMID: 38097019 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a global concern that worsens with age, and plants that are effective medicinal herbs can give a viable alternative. PKC is a key factor in cardiovascular and other disorders; targeting it can reduce the risk of these diseases. We evaluated Allium humile for PKC inhibition and therapeutic efficacy against atherosclerosis. Soxhlet extraction was done to obtain extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and aqueous) and then tested for DPPH radical scavenging and PKC inhibitory activity. The methanolic extract was more active than the other extracts, so it was subjected to column chromatography, and seventeen fractions were obtained. Only 11, 12, and 15 showed good activity against PKC. Wistar rats were divided into six groups and each group received high fat diet for 30 days. Then the three potent fractions (10 mg/kg) were administered for 15 days along with high fat diet. Fraction II had the highest effectiveness (P < 0.0001) in decreasing lipid levels, lipid peroxidation, reducing IL-6 and TNF-α expression, and raising nitric oxide. This also demonstrated a decrease in PKC activity, as well as a decrease in the formation of the lipoidal layer in the aorta wall and rupture of the intima and media as validated by histological analysis. The two compounds, phytol acetate and cyanidin 3-(6″-o-malonyllaminaribioside) were characterised in fraction II by NMR and HRMS and cyanidin 3-(6″-o-malonyllaminaribioside) inhibited PKC more efficiently. Thus, Allium humile has strong anti-atherogenic activity as well as the ability to inhibit PKC both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Anees
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Muzaffar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Suhail Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Rabia Hamid
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
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Hu J, Su F, Ren X, Cao L, Wang C, Mei W, Fang Y, Tavengana G, Jiang M, Wu H, Wen Y. Gender-based relationship between serum creatinine and carotid plaque stability: A cross-sectional study in China. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 233:107966. [PMID: 37703617 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carotid plaque instability is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, and changes in serum creatinine are associated with carotid plaque. However, the relationship between serum creatinine and carotid plaque stability is not well explained. This study aimed to interpret this relationship for clinical treatment of carotid plaque. METHODS A total of 4363 subjects aged 29-86 from December 2013 to December 2018 were included in this study. The stability of carotid plaque was determined based on ultrasound echoes and divided into two groups: carotid plaque stable group and carotid plaque unstable group. The relationship between serum creatinine and carotid plaque stability was determined using curve fitting methods as well as logistic regression. RESULTS After age stratification, there was an inverted U-shaped curve between the stability of right carotid plaque and serum creatinine in males, When serum creatinine levels were less than 84 μmol/L, the probability of carotid plaque instability gradually increased, and the carotid plaque became stable when creatinine levels were greater than 84 μmol/L. The relationship between left carotid female plaque stability and serum creatinine showed a U-shaped curve. When serum creatinine levels were less than 80 μmol/L, the carotid plaque stability stabilized, and the probability increased when creatitine levels were more than 80 μmol/L, as the carotid plaque instability rose. CONCLUSION There was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the stability of carotid plaque in the right carotid artery and serum creatinine in males, and a U-shaped relationship between the stability of carotid plaque in the left carotid artery and serum creatinine in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fan Su
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xia Ren
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Cao
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wendan Mei
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yicheng Fang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Grace Tavengana
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mingfei Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huan Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yufeng Wen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of arterial thrombosis, causing acute occlusive cardiovascular syndromes. Numerous risk prediction models have been developed, which mathematically combine multiple predictors, to estimate the risk of developing cardiovascular events. Current risk models typically do not include information from biomarkers that can potentially improve these existing prediction models especially if they are pathophysiologically relevant. Numerous cardiovascular disease biomarkers have been investigated that have focused on known pathophysiological pathways including those related to cardiac stress, inflammation, matrix remodelling, and endothelial dysfunction. Imaging biomarkers have also been studied that have yielded promising results with a potential higher degree of clinical applicability in detection of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular event prediction. To further improve therapy decision-making and guidance, there is continuing intense research on emerging biologically relevant biomarkers. As the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is multifactorial, improvements in discrimination and reclassification in risk prediction models will likely involve multiple biomarkers. This article will provide an overview of the literature on potential blood-based and imaging biomarkers of atherosclerosis studied so far, as well as potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashan Ali
- From the Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chim C Lang
- From the Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jeffrey T J Huang
- Biomarker and Drug Analysis Core Facility, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anna-Maria Choy
- From the Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Rosário M, Fonseca AC. Update on Biomarkers Associated with Large-Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1251. [PMID: 37627316 PMCID: PMC10452079 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial and extracranial large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) are a main cause of ischemic stroke. Biomarkers may aid in the diagnosis of LAA and help to stratify patients' risk of stroke. We performed a narrative review of the literature, mainly published in the last five years, with the aim of identifying biomarkers associated either with intracranial or extracranial LAA in humans. Several potential biomarkers of LAA, mainly related to lipidic pathways and inflammation, have been studied. Diagnostic biomarkers of LAA were evaluated by measuring biomarkers levels in patients with LAA stroke and other stroke etiologies. Some biomarkers were associated with the functional prognosis of LAA stroke patients. Increased levels of IL-6 and sLOX-1 were associated with a risk of progression of carotid atherosclerotic disease. Findings support the notion that the immune system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of LAA. Overall, in most studies, results were not externally validated. In the future, biomarkers could be useful for the selection of patients for clinical trials. To adopt these biomarkers in clinical practice, we will need robust multicentric studies proving their reproducibility and a clear practical applicability for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Rosário
- Stroke Unit, Neurology, Neuroscience Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Fonseca
- Stroke Unit, Neurology, Neuroscience Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Khan H, Shaikh F, Syed MH, Mamdani M, Saposnik G, Qadura M. Current Biomarkers for Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Metabolites 2023; 13:919. [PMID: 37623863 PMCID: PMC10456624 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS), an atherosclerotic disease of the carotid artery, is one of the leading causes of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and cerebrovascular attacks (CVA). The atherogenic process of CAS affects a wide range of physiological processes, such as inflammation, endothelial cell function, smooth muscle cell migration and many more. The current gold-standard test for CAS is Doppler ultrasound; however, there is yet to be determined a strong, clinically validated biomarker in the blood that can diagnose patients with CAS and/or predict adverse outcomes in such patients. In this comprehensive literature review, we evaluated all of the current research on plasma and serum proteins that are current contenders for biomarkers for CAS. In this literature review, 36 proteins found as potential biomarkers for CAS were categorized in to the following nine categories based on protein function: (1) Inflammation and Immunity, (2) Lipid Metabolism, (3) Haemostasis, (4) Cardiovascular Markers, (5) Markers of Kidney Function, (6) Bone Health, (7) Cellular Structure, (8) Growth Factors, and (9) Hormones. This literature review is the most up-to-date and current comprehensive review of research on biomarkers of CAS, and the only review that demonstrated the several pathways that contribute to the initiation and progression of the disease. With this review, future studies can determine if any new markers, or a panel of the proteins explored in this study, may be contenders as diagnostic or prognostic markers for CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Khan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Muzammil H. Syed
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
- Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine (T-CAIREM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Gustavo Saposnik
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen St E, Toronto, ON M5C 1R6, Canada
| | - Mohammad Qadura
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen St E, Toronto, ON M5C 1R6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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Wang X, Li J, Wang X, Gao J, Jing H, Xing Y. Clinical Evaluation of High-Resolution MRI Combined With DWI in Identifying Vulnerable Carotid Plaque. Neurologist 2023; 28:5-10. [PMID: 35348493 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging combined with diffusion weighted imaging is used to identify vulnerable plaques (VP) and their characteristic components, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) correlation analysis with serum inflammatory markers to assess plaque vulnerability. METHODS In this study, 60 eligible patients were included, including 29 patients in VP group and 31 patients in non-VP group (N group). The average ADC value, serum inflammatory marker levels (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) of the 2 groups were measured, and the characteristics of different plaque components and ADC levels of vascular wall in VP group were compared, to evaluate the correlation between serum inflammatory markers and the mean value of plaque ADC. RESULTS The results showed that the ADC mean value of the plaques in the VP group was significantly lower than that in the N group, and the levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein and myeloperoxidase were correlated with the ADC mean value of the plaques. CONCLUSION The ADC value of plaque measured by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging combined with diffusion weighted imaging sequence can quantify the identification of VP and its characteristic components, reflect the inflammation of plaque to a certain extent, and thus prevent and treat stroke and other adverse outcomes more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Volodarsky I, Shimoni S, Haberman D, Mirkin V, Fabrikant Y, Yoskovich Mashriki T, Zalik A, George J. Circulating Regulatory B-Lymphocytes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 10. [PMID: 36661897 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays on important role in plaque instability and acute coronary syndromes. The anti-inflammatory effects of B-regulatory lymphocytes (B-regs) in atherosclerosis was tested mainly in animal models with inconclusive results. Herein, we studied for the first time, levels of circulating B-regs in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: We examined circulating levels of B-regs by flow cytometry in 29 patients with recent ST-segment elevation MI and 18 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and coronary artery disease. We re-assessed B-reg levels on average 4 months later. Results: The mean level of CD20+ cells was similar in patients with MI and patients with SAP (p = 0.60). The levels of CD24hiCD38hi cells among CD20+ cells were 5.7 ± 4% and 11.6 ± 6% in patients with MI and SAP, respectively, (p < 0.001). The level of CD24hiCD38hi B-regs remained related to acute MI after correcting for age, gender, and risk factors. Circulating levels of CD24hiCD38hi B-regs in patients with MI did not change significantly at follow-up in a small patient groups (p = 0.408). Conclusions: Circulating B-regs are reduced in patients with MI compared to patients with SAP. This finding may shed further light on the inflammatory pathophysiologic factors related to plaque rupture.
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van Velzen TJ, Stolp J, Westendorp WF, Roos YBWEM, van de Beek D, Nederkoorn PJ. Leukocyte Count Predicts Carotid Artery Stenosis in Men with Ischemic Stroke: Sub Study of the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS). J Clin Med 2022; 11. [PMID: 36555901 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation is important in the development of atherosclerosis. Research suggested sex-dependent differences for the value of inflammatory markers for risk stratification of stroke patients with internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS). We investigated whether leukocytes and thrombocytes were associated with ≥50% ICAS in acute stroke and whether this was sex-dependent. Patients included in the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS) were used. PASS is a randomized controlled trial that randomized between four days of preventive ceftriaxone intravenously or standard stroke care alone. It investigated whether ceftriaxone could improve functional outcome at three months after stroke. Methods: Patients included in PASS were evaluated for the predictive value of leukocytes and thrombocytes for ICAS. Ischemic stroke and TIA patients were selected out of PASS patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for NIHSS and other covariates. Results: 2550 patients were included in PASS. 1413 of 2550 patients (55%) were evaluated in this sub study. Female patients showed a mean of 8.55 × 109/L for leukocytes and 259 × 109/L for thrombocytes. Men showed a mean of 8.29 × 109/L for leukocytes and 224 × 109/L for thrombocytes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that leukocytes were independently associated with ICAS ≥ 50% in male patients (OR 1.094, p = 0.008), but not in female patients (OR 1.041, p = 0.360). Thrombocytes were not associated with ICAS. Conclusions: We conclude that blood leukocyte count independently predicts ICAS in men after acute stroke, but not in women. Clinical Trial unique identifier: ISRCTN66140176.
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Duan H, Yun HJ, Geng X, Ding Y. Branch atheromatous disease and treatment. Brain Circ 2022; 8:169-171. [PMID: 37181840 PMCID: PMC10167853 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_56_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Branch atheromatous disease (BAD) is a subtype of ischemic stroke caused by perforating arteries occlusion due to proximal atherosclerosis of the arteries. Early neurological deterioration and recurrent stereotyped transient ischemic attacks are typical clinical manifestations of BAD. The optimal treatment for BAD has not been determined. This article explores a possible mechanism of BAD and effective treatment measures to prevent early progression and attack of transient ischemic events. This article explains the current status of intravenous thrombolysis, tirofiban, and argatroban for BAD and subsequent prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Duan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ho Jun Yun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Niazi SA, Bakhsh A. Association between Endodontic Infection, Its Treatment and Systemic Health: A Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070931. [PMID: 35888650 PMCID: PMC9319780 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ‘Focal Infection Era in Dentistry’ in the late 19th and early 20th century resulted in widespread implementation of tooth extraction and limited the progress of endodontics. The theory proposed that bacteria and toxins entrapped in dentinal tubules could disseminate systemically to remote body parts, resulting in many types of degenerative systemic diseases. This theory was eventually refuted due to anecdotal evidence. However, lately there has been increased interest in investigating whether endodontic disease could have an impact on general health. There are reviews that have previously been carried out on this subject, but as new data have emerged since then, this review aims to appraise the available literature investigating the dynamic associations between apical periodontitis, endodontic treatment, and systemic health. The available evidence regarding focal infection theory, bacteraemia and inflammatory markers was appraised. The review also collated the available research arguing the associations of apical periodontitis with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, adverse pregnancy outcome and autoimmune disorders, along with the effect of statins and immunomodulators on apical periodontitis prevalence and endodontic treatment prognosis. There is emerging evidence that bacteraemia and low-grade systemic inflammation associated with apical periodontitis may negatively impact systemic health, e.g., development of cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and diabetic metabolic dyscontrol. However, there is limited information supporting the effect of diabetes mellitus or autoimmune disorders on the prevalence and prognosis post endodontic treatment. Furthermore, convincing evidence supports that successful root canal treatment has a beneficial impact on systemic health by reducing the inflammatory burden, thereby dismissing the misconceptions of focal infection theory. Although compelling evidence regarding the association between apical periodontitis and systemic health is present, further high-quality research is required to support and establish the benefits of endodontic treatment on systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ambreen Niazi
- Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Dental Hospital, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)207188-7459
| | - Abdulaziz Bakhsh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia;
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Xiong X, Luo Z, Zhou H, Duan Z, Niu L, Zhang K, Huang G, Li W. Downregulation of TIGIT Expression in FOXP3+Regulatory T Cells in Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1195-1207. [PMID: 35228811 PMCID: PMC8882028 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s351364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Little is currently known on the role of T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) expression in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (TIGIT+Tregs) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and alterations of TIGIT+Tregs in ACS patients. Methods We enrolled 117 subjects, including 61 ACS patients, 26 chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients, and 30 control subjects without coronary artery disease. The quantification of TIGIT+Tregs was determined by flow cytometry; serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were also measured. Results TIGIT+Tregs expression was significantly lower in ACS patients compared with CCS and control patients (P<0.05). The expression of TIGIT+Tregs was comparable in patients with and without traditional risk factors (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that TIGIT+Tregs levels are independent predictors of ACS (P<0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the expression levels of TIGIT+Tregs had a discriminative power for ACS (P<0.01). IL-6 levels were increased (P<0.01), while TGF-β was decreased in ACS patients compared with CCS and control patients (P<0.01). Meanwhile, an inverse correlation between IL-6 and TIGIT+Tregs was observed (P<0.01), while a positive correlation between TGF-β and TIGIT+Tregs was found (P<0.05). Conclusion TIGIT+Tregs levels are significantly reduced in ACS, accompanied by upregulated IL-6 and downregulated TGF-β expression. The downregulated TIGIT+Tregs are independent predictors of ACS. These findings suggest that TIGIT+Tregs may have an anti-inflammatory and protective effect on ACS, and its decreased expression may be associated with atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Xiong
- Clinical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu University Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Central Lab, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zonggang Duan
- Clinical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Clinical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Huang
- Clinical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Clinical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wei Li, Email
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Udaya R, Sivakanesan R. Synopsis of Biomarkers of Atheromatous Plaque Formation, Rupture and Thrombosis in the Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:53-62. [PMID: 35410616 PMCID: PMC9896418 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220411113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome is the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and early diagnosis is a challenge for clinicians. Though cardiac Troponin, the most commonly used biomarker, is the gold standard for myocardial necrosis, it is blind for ischemia without necrosis. Therefore, ideal biomarkers are essential in the care of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of cardiac ischemia. The ideal biomarker or group of biomarkers of atheromatous plaque formation, rupture and thrombosis for timely and accurate diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome is a current need. Therefore, we discuss the existing understanding and future of biomarkers of atheromatous plaque formation, rupture and thrombosis of acute coronary syndrome in this review. Keywords were searched from Medline, ISI, IBSS and Google Scholar databases. Further, the authors conducted a manual search of other relevant journals and reference lists of primary articles. The development of high-sensitivity troponin assays facilitates earlier exclusion of acute coronary syndrome, contributing to a reduced length of stay at the emergency department, and earlier treatment resulting in better outcomes. Although researchers have investigated biomarkers of atheromatous plaque formation, rupture and thrombosis to help early diagnosis of cardiac ischemia, most of them necessitate validation from further analysis. Among these biomarkers, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and endothelial cell-specific molecule- 1(endocan) have shown promising results in the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome but need further evaluation. However, the use of a combination of biomarkers representing varying pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac ischemia will support risk assessment, diagnosis and prognosis in these patients and this is the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralapanawa Udaya
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Galaha Rd, 20400, Sri Lanka; Tel: 0718495682; E-mail:
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Vuković-Dejanović V, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V, Kalimanovska-Oštrić D, Bogavac-Stanojević N. Does Pentraxin-3 contribute to the reduction of low-density lipoprotein levels by statin therapy? Arhiv za farmaciju 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-36122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins have been shown to decrease inflammatory markers, especially high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), in a dose-dependent manner. Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is another important inflammatory biomarker from the pentraxin family that provides useful prognostic information and facilitates diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effect of statin therapy on PTX3 and hsCRP concentrations and whether statins acted synergistically with PTX3 and hsCRP concentrations in lowering LDL-C. The study group consisted of 90 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The results showed that statins reduced PTX3 concentrations (p=0.031). PTX3 and hsCRP levels were significantly different between subclinical and severe stenosis groups (p=0.011 and p=0.009, respectively). Statin therapy was significantly associated with lower PTX3 and LDL-C levels in multiple logistic analyses. The probability that statin therapy would achieve target LDL-C values was highest in patients with low PTX3 values (OR=3.683, p=0.040), while multiplicative interaction was 23.3. The effect of statins on PTX3 reduction was higher than on hsCRP. It can be suggested that statin therapy was more successful in patients with low PTX3 values.
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18
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Kigka VI, Potsika V, Mantzaris M, Tsakanikas V, Koncar I, Fotiadis DI. Serum Biomarkers in Carotid Artery Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112143. [PMID: 34829489 PMCID: PMC8619296 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery disease is considered a major cause of strokes and there is a need for early disease detection and management. Although imaging techniques have been developed for the diagnosis of carotid artery disease and different imaging-based markers have been proposed for the characterization of atherosclerotic plaques, there is still need for a definition of high-risk plaques in asymptomatic patients who may benefit from surgical intervention. Measurement of circulating biomarkers is a promising method to assist in patient-specific disease management, but the lack of robust clinical evidence limits their use as a standard of care. The purpose of this review paper is to present circulating biomarkers related to carotid artery diagnosis and prognosis, which are mainly provided by statistical-based clinical studies. The result of our investigation showed that typical well-established inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers related to patient lipid profiles are associated with carotid artery disease. In addition to this, more specialized types of biomarkers, such as endothelial and cell adhesion, matrix degrading, and metabolic biomarkers seem to be associated with different carotid artery disease outputs, assisting vascular specialists in selecting patients at high risk for stroke and in need of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki I. Kigka
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Vassiliki Potsika
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Michalis Mantzaris
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Vassilis Tsakanikas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Igor Koncar
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinic Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Research Institute—FORTH, University Campus of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26510-09006; Fax: +30-26510-08889
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Siniscalchi A, Murphy S, Gray C, De Sarro G, Gallelli L. Biomarkers in unstable carotid plaque: Physiopathology and Prediction. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:13-19. [PMID: 34468303 DOI: 10.2174/1871525719666210901131509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the role of cytokines and vascular inflammatory biomarkers in unstable carotid plaque. BACKGROUND Clinical studies showed that not only the degree of stenosis but also the type of carotid plaque can be responsible for ipsilateral ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to suggest a role for vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic disease in the occurrence of ischemic stroke. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and reference lists have been used to evaluate articles published until February 15, 2021. RESULTS Several factors may be involved in unstable plaque. Clinical studies support the involvement of brain inflammatory biomarkers as well as cytokines in the unstable carotid plaque. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers could help to stratify patients with a vulnerable carotid plaque and to personalize the drug treatment. In this review, we briefly discuss the characteristics of vulnerable plaque and the role of biomarkers in the vulnerable carotid plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Siniscalchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sean Murphy
- General Medicine, Stroke Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cleona Gray
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Sofogianni A, Tziomalos K, Koletsa T, Pitoulias AG, Skoura L, Pitoulias GA. Using Serum Biomarkers for Identifying Unstable Carotid Plaque: Update of Current Evidence. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1899-1903. [PMID: 33183188 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201112094734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis is responsible for a great proportion of ischemic strokes. Early identification of unstable or vulnerable carotid plaques, and therefore, of patients at high risk for stroke, is of significant medical and socioeconomical value. We reviewed the current literature and discussed the potential role of the most important serum biomarkers in identifying patients with carotid atherosclerosis who are at high risk for atheroembolic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Sofogianni
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos G Pitoulias
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lemonia Skoura
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios A Pitoulias
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Li X, Li J, Wu G. Relationship of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Carotid Plaque Vulnerability and Occurrence of Vulnerable Carotid Plaque in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:6894623. [PMID: 34250090 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6894623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Carotid plaque is an undefined risk factor in ischemic stroke and is driven by inflammation. Mounting evidence suggests that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is crucial not only for cerebrovascular events but also in atherosclerosis progression. Here, we aimed to explore the association between the admission NLR and carotid plaque vulnerability as well as the occurrence of vulnerable carotid plaque detected by carotid ultrasonography in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among Chinese. Methods We conducted a retrospective study composed of 588 patients with AIS and 309 healthy controls free of carotid plaque in the Department of Neurology in The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from March 2014 to February 2015. All patients were classified as nonplaque, stable plaque, and vulnerable plaque groups on the basis of carotid ultrasonography results. The baseline information was collected and compared among the four different groups. The correlation between variables and carotid plaque vulnerability was tested by Spearman linear correlation analysis. To identify the independent predictors for vulnerable carotid plaque, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results The comparisons of age, sex proportion, history of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, the levels of HDL-C, Lp(a), BMI, SBP, DBP, Fib, CRP, leukocyte, and NLR among the four groups showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05); in particular, the NLR was significantly higher in the vulnerable plaque group as compared to the control (P = 0.043), nonplaque (P = 0.022), and stable plaque groups (P = 0.015). The Spearman correlation analysis presented a positive correlation between carotid plaque vulnerability and age (r = 0.302; P < 0.001), SBP (r = 0.163; P < 0.001), and NLR (r = 0.087; P = 0.034), while the lymphocyte was negatively related to the carotid plaque vulnerability (r = −0.089; P = 0.030). The multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors revealed that age (odds ratio [OR], 1.042; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.025-1.060; P < 0.001), male gender (OR, 2.005; 95% CI, 1.394-2.884; P < 0.001), diabetes (OR, 1.481; 95% CI, 1.021-2.149; P = 0.039), SBP (OR, 1.012; 95% CI, 1.003-1.021; P = 0.010), and NLR (OR, 1.098; 95% CI, 1.018-1.184; P = 0.015) are independent predictors of vulnerable carotid plaque in patients with AIS. Conclusion The admission NLR is a novel and meaningful biomarker that can be used in predicting carotid plaque vulnerability and the presence of vulnerable carotid plaque assessed by carotid ultrasonography in patients with AIS among Chinese.
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Giglio RV, Pantea Stoian A, Al-Rasadi K, Banach M, Patti AM, Ciaccio M, Rizvi AA, Rizzo M. Novel Therapeutical Approaches to Managing Atherosclerotic Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4633. [PMID: 33924893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial vascular disease that leads to inflammation and stiffening of the arteries and decreases their elasticity due to the accumulation of calcium, small dense Low Density Lipoproteins (sdLDL), inflammatory cells, and fibrotic material. A review of studies pertaining to cardiometabolic risk factors, lipids alterations, hypolipidemic agents, nutraceuticals, hypoglycaemic drugs, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation was performed. There are several therapeutic strategies including Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, inclisiran, bempedoic acid, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), and nutraceuticals that promise improvement in the atheromatous plaque from a molecular point of view, because have actions on the exposure of the LDL-Receptor (LDL-R), on endothelial dysfunction, activation of macrophages, on lipid oxidation, formations on foam cells, and deposition extracellular lipids. Atheroma plaque reduction both as a result of LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) intensive lowering and reducing inflammation and other residual risk factors is an integral part of the management of atherosclerotic disease, and the use of valid therapeutic alternatives appear to be appealing avenues to solving the problem.
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ma K, Zhou J, Guan J. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Predicts Vulnerable Plaque in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. Am J Med Sci 2021; 361:759-764. [PMID: 33892919 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying a novel biomarker may contribute to detection of vulnerable plaque in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vulnerable plaque in patients with moderate and low risk of NSTE-ACS. METHODS A total of 65 moderate- and low-risk NSTE-ACS patients with 50-90% coronary stenosis were divided into a vulnerable plaque group (n=46) and a stable plaque group (n=19) according to intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examinations. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum PDGF were measured. Plaque characteristics and components were analyzed using gray-scale and iMap-IVUS. Correlation was performed between plaque characteristics and ACS markers. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value. RESULTS Patients with vulnerable plaque had visible higher levels of TG, LDL-C and PDGF (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in minimal lumen area (MLA), plaque area, plaque burden, fibrotic (FI), clipidic (LI) and necrotic core (NC) between the two groups (P < 0.05). PDGF was weakly correlated with plaque burden (R = 0.428, P < 0.05), as well as moderately correlated with NC (R = 0.669, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that serum PDGF (OR 4.751, [95% CI 1.534-9.543], P = 0.05) was an independent risk factor of vulnerable plaque. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.876 (95% CI 0.804-0.948, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum PDGF could potentially predict vulnerable plaque in moderate and low risk of NSTE-ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kejing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Sandstedt J, Vargmar K, Björkman K, Ruetschi U, Bergström G, Hultén LM, Skiöldebrand E. COMP (Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein) Neoepitope: A Novel Biomarker to Identify Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1218-1228. [PMID: 33472398 PMCID: PMC7901532 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) is abundantly expressed in the cardiovascular system, cartilage, and atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated if the total COMP (COMPtotal) and COMP neoepitope (COMPneo) with other cardiovascular markers and clinical parameters could identify symptomatic carotid stenosis. Approach and Results: Blood samples were collected from patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (stenosis, n=50), patients with stroke without carotid stenosis but small plaques (plaque, n=50), and control subjects (n=50). COMPtotal and COMPneo were measured using an ELISA. Ninety-two cardiovascular disease markers were measured by the Olink CVD kit. The presence of native COMP and COMPneo was determined by immunohistochemistry. The concentration of COMPneo was higher and COMPtotal was lower in the stenosis group. When the concentration was compared between the stenosis and control groups, IL-1ra (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein), IL6 (interleukin-6), REN (Renin), MMP1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1), TRAIL-R2 (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2), ITGB1BP2 (integrin beta 1 binding protein 2), and COMPneo were predictive of stenosis. Conversely, KLK6 (kallikrein-6), COMPtotal, NEMO (nuclear factor-kappa-B essential modulator), SRC (Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src), SIRT2 (SIR2-like protein), CD40 (cluster of differentiation 40), TF (tissue factor), MP (myoglobin), and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) were predictive of the control group. Model reproducibility was good with the receiver operating characteristic plot area under the curve being 0.86. When comparing the plaque group and stenosis group, COMPneo, GAL (galanin), and PTX3 (pentraxin-related protein PTX3) were predictive of stenosis. Model reproducibility was excellent (receiver operating characteristic plot area under the curve 0.92). COMPneo was detected in smooth muscle-, endothelial-, and foam-cells in carotid stenosis. CONCLUSIONS Degradation of COMP may be associated with atherosclerosis progression and generation of a specific COMP fragment-COMPneo. This may represent a novel biomarker that together with COMPtotal and other risk-markers could be used to identify symptomatic carotid stenosis. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Sandstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (J.S., U.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (J.S., U.R., L.M.H.)
| | - Karin Vargmar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine (K.B., G.B., L.M.H.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (K.V., E.S.)
| | | | - Ulla Ruetschi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (J.S., U.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (J.S., U.R., L.M.H.)
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine (K.B., G.B., L.M.H.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine (K.B., G.B., L.M.H.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (J.S., U.R., L.M.H.)
| | - Eva Skiöldebrand
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (K.V., E.S.)
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Shindo A, Takase H, Hamanaka G, Chung KK, Mandeville ET, Egawa N, Maki T, Borlongan M, Takahashi R, Lok J, Tomimoto H, Lo EH, Arai K. Biphasic roles of pentraxin 3 in cerebrovascular function after white matter stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 27:60-70. [PMID: 33314664 PMCID: PMC7804900 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies suggest that pentraxin 3 (PTX3), which is known as an acute-phase protein that is produced rapidly at local sites of inflammation, may be a new biomarker of disease risk for central nervous system disorders, including stroke. However, the effects of PTX3 on cerebrovascular function in the neurovascular unit (NVU) after stroke are mostly unknown, and the basic research regarding the roles of PTX3 in NVU function is still limited. In this reverse translational study, we prepared mouse models of white matter stroke by vasoconstrictor (ET-1 or L-Nio) injection into the corpus callosum region to examine the roles of PTX3 in the pathology of cerebral white matter stroke. PTX3 expression was upregulated in GFAP-positive astrocytes around the affected region in white matter for at least 21 days after vasoconstrictor injection. When PTX3 expression was reduced by PTX3 siRNA, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage at day 3 after white matter stroke was exacerbated. In contrast, when PTX3 siRNA was administered at day 7 after white matter stroke, compensatory angiogenesis at day 21 was promoted. In vitro cell culture experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of PTX3 in angiogenesis, that is, recombinant PTX3 suppressed the tube formation of cultured endothelial cells in a Matrigel-based in vitro angiogenesis assay. Taken together, our findings may support a novel concept that astrocyte-derived PTX3 plays biphasic roles in cerebrovascular function after white matter stroke; additionally, it may also provide a proof-of-concept that PTX3 could be a therapeutic target for white matter-related diseases, including stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shindo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hajime Takase
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kelly K Chung
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Emiri T Mandeville
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Naohiro Egawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mia Borlongan
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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26
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a member of a superfamily of conserved proteins called pentraxins. PTX3 and C-reactive protein (CRP) are members of this family and play an important role in the innate immune system. PTX3 is classified as a long pentraxin, while CRP is a short pentraxin. PTX3 is reported to be a vascular inflammatory marker providing prognostic information of vasculopathy, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between serum PTX3 concentrations and the development and/or progression of DN. A total number of 66 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 22 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Patients with T2DM were divided, according to the levels of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), into three groups: normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric, and macroalbuminuric groups. Serum PTX3 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations were determined using ELISA kits.
Results
Serum PTX3 and hs-CRP concentrations were significantly higher in patients with T2DM compared with the controls. Furthermore, serum PTX3 concentrations were significantly higher in macroalbuminuric patients than in microalbuminuric patients (P < 0.001) and also were significantly higher in microalbuminuric patients than in normoalbuminuric patients (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between controls and T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria regarding serum PTX3 concentrations (P > 0.05). Moreover, like PTX3, hs-CRP concentrations were higher in microalbuminuric patients than in normoalbuminuric patients (P < 0.05), and also, there were no significant differences between controls and T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria regarding hs-CRP concentrations (P > 0.05). But, unlike PTX3, there were no significant differences between macroalbuminuric and microalbuminuric patients regarding hs-CRP concentrations (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
Serum PTX3 is positively associated with DN development and progression, and may be a more accurate predictor of DN development than hs-CRP as it can discriminate between macroalbuminuric and microalbuminuric DN patients, while hs-CRP cannot.
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27
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Puig N, Jiménez-Xarrié E, Camps-Renom P, Benitez S. Search for Reliable Circulating Biomarkers to Predict Carotid Plaque Vulnerability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8236. [PMID: 33153204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for 20% of ischemic strokes, and the plaques from the internal carotid artery the most frequently involved. Lipoproteins play a key role in carotid atherosclerosis since lipid accumulation contributes to plaque progression and chronic inflammation, both factors leading to plaque vulnerability. Carotid revascularization to prevent future vascular events is reasonable in some patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. However, the degree of stenosis alone is not sufficient to decide upon the best clinical management in some situations. In this context, it is essential to further characterize plaque vulnerability, according to specific characteristics (lipid-rich core, fibrous cap thinning, intraplaque hemorrhage). Although these features can be partly detected by imaging techniques, identifying carotid plaque vulnerability is still challenging. Therefore, the study of circulating biomarkers could provide adjunctive criteria to predict the risk of atherothrombotic stroke. In this regard, several molecules have been found altered, but reliable biomarkers have not been clearly established yet. The current review discusses the concept of vulnerable carotid plaque, and collects existing information about putative circulating biomarkers, being particularly focused on lipid-related and inflammatory molecules.
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28
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Faramarzi M, Banitalebi E, Raisi Z, Samieyan M, Saberi Z, Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokhi M, Negaresh R, Motl RW. Effect of combined exercise training on pentraxins and pro- inflammatory cytokines in people with multiple sclerosis as a function of disability status. Cytokine 2020; 134:155196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Carotid atherosclerotic plaques represent a risk for ischemic stroke. The data indicate that the risk for distal embolization from atherosclerotic lesions in internal carotid arteries is not related only to the degree of stenosis but also to the composition of plaques. The stability of atherosclerotic plaque depends on the thickness of the fibrous cap and plaque hemorrhage. Recent research indicated that the inflammatory activity of atherosclerotic lesions is pivotal in the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. It also promotes the development of unstable atherosclerotic lesions and is related to thromboembolic cerebrovascular complications. Inflammation destabilizes atherosclerotic plaques through the degradation of their fibrotic structure. Inflammation of atherosclerotic plaques was confirmed by histopathologic findings and levels of circulating inflammatory markers which were correlated to the intensity of the inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions. Recently, new techniques like fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18-FDG PET) were developed for the identification of inflammation of atherosclerotic lesions in the vessel wall in vivo. Systemic inflammatory markers, particularly interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and metalloproteinases were shown to be related to the intensity of the inflammatory process in atherosclerotic lesions and the cerebrovascular events. Identification of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques may help to identify unstable atherosclerotic lesions and subjects at high risk for cerebrovascular incidents who need intensive preventive measures including anti-inflammatory medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Poredos
- Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Igor D Gregoric
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mateja K Jezovnik
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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30
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Zheng Z, Zhao Q, Wei J, Wang B, Wang H, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. Medical prevention and treatment of radiation-induced carotid injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110664. [PMID: 32861067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has significantly improved the survival of cancer patients but is also associated with several adversities, including radiation-induced carotid injury (RICI). The RICI mechanisms are complex, including vessel inflammatory injury, carotid atherosclerosis, intimal proliferation, media necrosis, and peri-adventitial fibrosis. The main manifestation and adverse consequence of RICI is carotid artery stenosis (CAS), which can lead to stroke and transient ischemic attack. Currently, carotid artery injury is primarily diagnosed via color-coded duplex sonography. Early detection of traumatic changes in the carotid artery depends on measurements of carotid intima-media thickness; serum biomarker testing also shows great potential. CAS is mainly treated with carotid endarterectomy or carotid angioplasty and stent implantation. Notably, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are advantageous in RICI treatment and reduce carotid inflammation, oxidative stress, and delaying atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the mechanisms, examination methods, and latest treatments for RICI to provide data for its clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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31
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Ninomiya I, Kanazawa M, Uemura M, Onodera O. Elevated serum pentraxin 3 levels might predict the diagnosis of branch atheromatous disease at a very early stage. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1279-1284. [PMID: 32250504 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Branch atheromatous disease (BAD) is one of the stroke subtypes caused by occlusion at the origin of a deep penetrating artery of the brain and is associated with a microatheroma or a junctional plaque. Patients with BAD often develop progressive worsening of neurologic deficits, although these patients often present minor stroke with clinical characteristics of lacunar syndrome at the onset. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is known to be a key molecule involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although a high level of serum PTX3 is observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome, there are no reports on PTX3 levels in patients with BAD. This study aimed to investigate whether serum PTX3 levels can distinguish BAD from other stroke subtypes. METHODS We investigated 93 patients with ischaemic stroke. Serum PTX3 levels on admission were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with BAD and those with other stroke subtypes (each n ≥ 20). RESULTS The median PTX3 levels in patients with BAD (4840 pg/mL) were higher than those with other subtypes of stroke (3397 pg/mL in lacunar stroke, 1298 pg/mL in large-artery atherosclerosis, 1470 pg/mL in cardioaortic embolism and 1006 pg/mL in control) (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that elevated serum PTX3 levels might predict the diagnosis of BAD at a very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ninomiya
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Kanazawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - O Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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32
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Janssen H, Felgner L, Kummer L, Gillmann HJ, Schrimpf C, Rustum S, Lichtinghagen R, Sahlmann B, Weigand MA, Teebken OE, Theilmeier G, Larmann J. Sequential Surgical Procedures in Vascular Surgery Patients Are Associated With Perioperative Adverse Cardiac Events. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:13. [PMID: 32133374 PMCID: PMC7040239 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients at elevated cardiovascular risk are prone to perioperative cardiovascular complications, like myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS). We have demonstrated in a mouse model of atherosclerosis that perioperative stress leads to an increase in plaque volume and higher plaque vulnerability. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in development and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. For this exploratory post-hoc analysis we identified 40 patients recruited into a prospective perioperative biomarker study, who within the inclusion period underwent sequential open vascular surgery. On the basis of protein markers measured in the biomarker study, we evaluated the perioperative inflammatory response in patients' plasma before and after index surgery as well as before and after a second surgical procedure. We also analyzed available immunohistochemistry samples to describe plaque vulnerability in patients who underwent bilateral carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in two subsequent surgical procedures. Finally, we assessed if MINS was associated with sequential surgery. The inflammatory response of both surgeries was characterized by postoperative increases of interleukin-6,−10, Pentraxin 3 and C-reactive protein with no clear-cut difference between the two time points of surgery. Plaques from CEA extracted during the second surgery contained less Tregs, as measured by Foxp3 staining, than plaques from the first intervention. The 2nd surgical procedure was associated with MINS. In conclusion, we provide descriptive evidence that sequential surgical procedures involve repeat inflammation, and we hypothesize that elevated rates of cardiovascular complications after the second procedure could be related to reduced levels of intraplaque Tregs, a finding that deserves confirmatory testing and mechanistic exploration in future populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Janssen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Larissa Felgner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Kummer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Gillmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Claudia Schrimpf
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Saad Rustum
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical School Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Bianca Sahlmann
- Department of Human Medicine, Perioperative Inflammation and Infection, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Omke E Teebken
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gregor Theilmeier
- Department of Human Medicine, Perioperative Inflammation and Infection, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Larmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Chen T, Huang W, Qian J, Luo W, Shan P, Cai Y, Lin K, Wu G, Liang G. Macrophage-derived myeloid differentiation protein 2 plays an essential role in ox-LDL-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102706. [PMID: 32151799 PMCID: PMC7063167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Although Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been involved in inflammatory atherosclerosis, the exact mechanisms by which oxidized-low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) activates TLR4 and elicits inflammatory genesis are not fully known. Myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) is an extracellular molecule indispensable for lipopolysaccharide recognition of TLR4. Method Apoe−/−Md2−/− mice and pharmacological inhibitor of MD2 were used in this study. We also reconstituted Apoe−/− mice with either Apoe−/− or Apoe−/−Md2−/− marrow-derived cells. Mechanistic studies were performed in primary macrophages, HEK-293T cells, and cell-free system. Finding MD2 levels are elevated in atherosclerotic lesion macrophages, and MD2 deficiency or pharmacological inhibition in mice reduces the inflammation and stunts the development of atherosclerotic lesions in Apoe−/− mice fed with high-fat diet. Transfer of marrow-derived cells from Apoe-Md2 double knockout mice to Apoe knockout mice confirmed the critical role of bone marrow-derived MD2 in inflammatory factor induction and atherosclerosis development. Mechanistically, we show that MD2 does not alter ox-LDL uptake by macrophages but is required for TLR4 activation and inflammation via directly binding to ox-LDL, which triggers MD2/TLR4 complex formation and TLR4-MyD88-NFκB pro-inflammatory cascade. Interpretation We provide a mechanistic basis of ox-LDL-induced macrophage inflammation, illustrate the role of macrophage-derived MD2 in atherosclerosis, and support the therapeutic potential of MD2 targeting in atherosclerosis-driven cardiovascular diseases. Funding This work was supported by the National Key Research Project of China (2017YFA0506000), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21961142009, 81930108, 81670244, and 81700402), and Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY19H020004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinfu Qian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiren Shan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Cai
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhuji Biomedicine Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China.
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Wolley MJ, Hutchison CA. Large uremic toxins: an unsolved problem in end-stage kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:iii6-iii11. [PMID: 30281131 PMCID: PMC6168891 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on maintenance hemodialysis are subject to a high burden of inflammation and cardiovascular disease, driven at least in part by retention of uremic solutes. Existing dialysis technologies using high-flux membranes offer limited clearance of solutes >15 kDa. New approaches to improve the removal of large uremic toxins include the novel medium cut-off dialysis membranes with pores larger than those in high-flux membranes. These new membranes provide the potential to improve the clearance of large middle molecules up to 50 kDa. In this review, we discuss 18 uremic toxins with molecular weights between 15 and 60 kDa that are retained in ESKD, for which there is evidence of a link to inflammation and/or cardiovascular disease. These include inflammatory proteins, cytokines, adipokines and other signaling proteins. Improved clearance of this group of difficult to remove molecules has the potential to lead to improved outcomes in dialysis patients by reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease, which now needs to be assessed in robust clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Wolley
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Colin A Hutchison
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay District Health Board, Hastings, New Zealand
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Mangge H, Almer G. Immune-Mediated Inflammation in Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques. Molecules 2019; 24:E3072. [PMID: 31450823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic long-lasting vascular disease leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Vulnerable atherosclerotic (AS) plaques are responsible for these life-threatening clinical endpoints. To more successfully work against atherosclerosis, improvements in early diagnosis and treatment of AS plaque lesions are required. Vulnerable AS plaques are frequently undetectable by conventional imaging because they are non-stenotic. Although blood biomarkers like lipids, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, troponins, and natriuretic peptides are in pathological ranges, these markers are insufficient in detecting the critical perpetuation of AS anteceding endpoints. Thus, chances to treat the patient in a preventive way are wasted. It is now time to solve this dilemma because clear results indicate a benefit of anti-inflammatory therapy per se without modification of blood lipids (CANTOS Trial, NCT01327846). This fact identifies modulation of immune-mediated inflammation as a new promising point of action for the eradication of fatal atherosclerotic endpoints.
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Martinez E, Martorell J, Riambau V. Review of serum biomarkers in carotid atherosclerosis. J Vasc Surg 2020; 71:329-41. [PMID: 31327598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.04.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis is a preventable major cause of stroke, but there is still a need for definition of high-risk plaque in asymptomatic patients who might benefit from interventional therapies. Several image markers are recommended to characterize unstable plaques. The measurement of serum biomarkers is a promising method to assist in decision making, but the lack of robust evidence in the carotid environment burdens their potential as a standard of care. The goal of this review was to offer an updated state-of-the-art study of available serum biomarkers with clinical implications, with focus on those that may predict carotid symptom development. METHODS The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases were searched (all until September 2018) for studies on carotid plaque and serum biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Nonhuman, basic science, and histology studies were excluded, focusing on clinical studies. Selected abstracts were screened to include the most relevant articles on atherosclerotic plaque presence, progression, instability or symptom development. RESULTS Some well-established biomarkers for coronary disease are not relevant to carotid atherosclerosis and other inflammatory biomarkers, lipids, interleukins, homocysteine, and adipokines may be useful in quantifying carotid disease-related risk. Some serum biomarkers combined with image features may assist vascular specialists in selecting patients at high risk for stroke and in need of intervention. CONCLUSIONS Prospective studies applying a combination of biomarkers are essential to prove clinical usefulness.
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Wyskida K, Franik G, Pohl N, Markuszewski L, Owczarek A, Madej P, Chudek J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. Pentraxin 3 as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2019; 79:419-423. [PMID: 31282210 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1637535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an increased risk of early development of cardiovascular diseases. Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is a new potential marker of endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the study was to assess PTX3 and other markers of endothelial dysfunction in PCOS women. The study enrolled 99 stable body mass PCOS women (17 normal weight, 21 overweight and 61 obese). Anthropometric measurements and serum/plasma levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, estradiol, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, 17-OH progesterone, free androgen index, pentraxin-3 (PTX3), soluble intercellular (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), endothelin-1 and total nitric oxide metabolites (tNO) concentrations were assessed. Groups were divided into tercile-subgroups according to PTX3 serum levels. Serum PTX3 tercile-subgroups significantly differed in respect to tNO, endothelin-1 and sVCAM-1, but not sICAM-1. The levels of tNO, endothelin-1 and sVCAM-1 were significantly decreased in the subgroup with the lowest PTX3 levels compared to both middle (tNO and endothelin 1) and upper tercile subgroups (all of them). There were significant positive correlations between log10(PTX3) and log10(tNO) (r = 0.34, p < .001), log10(endothelin-1) (r = 0.41, p < .001) as well as sVCAM-1 levels (r = 0.22, p < .05). Circulating PTX-3 levels seem to be a marker of endothelial dysfunction in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wyskida
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Franik
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Natalia Pohl
- Department of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Leszek Markuszewski
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Polish Mother's Health Center , Lodz , Poland
| | - Aleksander Owczarek
- Department of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Paweł Madej
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
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LI TT, WANG ZB, LI Y, CAO F, YANG BY, KUANG HX. The mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine underlying the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:401-412. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Stankovic M, Ljujic B, Babic S, Maravic-Stojkovic V, Mitrovic S, Arsenijevic N, Radak D, Pejnovic N, Lukic ML. IL-33/IL-33R in various types of carotid artery atherosclerotic lesions. Cytokine 2019; 120:242-250. [PMID: 31132589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of the study was to investigate serum levels and expression of Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and ST2 receptor in atherosclerotic plaques and to analyze correlation with the type of the carotid plaques in patients with carotid disease. METHODS This study included 191 consecutive patients submitted for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Preoperative serum levels of IL-33 and soluble ST2 (sST2) were measured. Atherosclerotic plaques obtained during surgery were initially histologically classified and immunohistochemical analyzes of IL-33, IL-33R, CD68 and alpha-SMA expression was performed. Ultrasound assessment of the level of carotid stenosis in each patient was performed prior to carotid surgery. Demographic and clinical data such as gender, age, smoking status, blood pressure, glycaemia, hemoglobin and creatinine levels, and comorbidities were collected and the comparisons between variables were statistically evaluated. RESULTS Serum levels of IL-33 (35.86 ± 7.93 pg/ml vs.12.29 ± 1.8 pg/ml, p < 0.05) and sST2 (183 ± 8.03 pg/ml vs. 122.31 ± 15.89 pg/ml, p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the group of CEA patients vs. healthy subjects. We demonstrated abundant tissue expression of IL-33 and ST2 in atherosclerotic carotid artery lesions. The levels of IL-33 and IL-33R expression were significantly higher in vulnerable plaques and significantly correlated with the degree of inflammatory cells infiltration in these plaques (R = 0.579, p = 0.049). Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed that cells responsible for IL-33 expression are not only mononuclear cells confined to inflammatory atherosclerotic lesions, but also smooth muscle cells which gained phenotypic characteristics of foam cells and were loaded with lipid droplets. CONCLUSION The obtained results confirm the importance of IL-33/ST2 axis in the process of atherosclerosis, and indicate its ambiguous function in immune response, whether as proinflammatory cytokine in advanced atherosclerotic lesions, or as profibrotic, in early lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Stankovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ljujic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Babic
- Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Maravic-Stojkovic
- Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Djordje Radak
- Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Pejnovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Abstract
Introduction: The acute phase protein pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is known for its anti-inflammatory effects through downregulating neutrophil transmigration during peripheral inflammation. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated a neuroprotective and neuroreparative effect of PTX3 after cerebral ischaemia. Here we investigated, to our knowledge for the first time, the role of PTX3 in neutrophil transmigration and neurotoxicity following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cerebral inflammation and cerebral ischaemia. Methods: Neutrophil transmigration through interleukin-1β (IL-1β) activated brain endothelium and neurotoxicity of neutrophils isolated from wild-type (WT) or PTX3 knock-out (KO) mice was assessed in vitro. Primary cortical neuronal death after treatment with transmigrated neutrophils was quantified by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Cerebral inflammation or ischemia was induced in WT and PTX3 KO mice via intrastriatal LPS injection or by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) respectively. Subsequent neutrophil infiltration in the brain was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Neutrophils isolated from WT mice after intrastriatal LPS injection transmigrated significantly more through IL-1β activated brain endothelium compared to neutrophils from PTX3 KO mice. Transmigrated WT and PTX3 KO neutrophils were significantly more neurotoxic than corresponding non-transmigrated neutrophils; however, no significant differences in neurotoxicity between genotypes were observed. PTX3 reduced the number of transmigrated neutrophils to the brain after intrastriatal LPS injection. Furthermore, PTX3 KO mice showed significantly increased levels of neutrophils in the brain after LPS administration or in the ischaemic hemisphere after MCAo, compared to WT mice. Conclusion: Our study shows that PTX3 regulates neutrophil transmigration in the CNS during neuroinflammation, demonstrating the potential of PTX3 as an effective therapeutic target in neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rajkovic
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Raymond Wong
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eloise Lemarchand
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rory Tinker
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Kontny F, Andersen T, Ueland T, Åkerblom A, Lakic TG, Michelsen AE, Aukrust P, Bertilsson M, Becker RC, Himmelmann A, James SK, Siegbahn A, Storey RF, Wallentin L. Pentraxin-3 vs C-reactive protein and other prognostic biomarkers in acute coronary syndrome: A substudy of the Platelet Inhibition and Patients Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2019; 9:313-322. [PMID: 31017470 DOI: 10.1177/2048872619846334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the dynamics, associations with patient characteristics, other biomarkers, and clinical outcomes of pentraxin 3 in acute coronary syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS In multivariate analyses, pentraxin 3 measured in 5154 patients randomised in the Platelet Inhibition and Patients Outcomes (PLATO) trial (NCT00391872) was compared with leukocytes, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, cystatin C, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity troponin T and growth differentiation factor 15 concerning prediction of clinical outcome. Pentraxin 3 peaked earlier than high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and was more strongly correlated with N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity troponin T than with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The frequency of cardiovascular death, spontaneous myocardial infarction or stroke by quartiles of pentraxin 3 at admission was 6.1%, 7.3%, 9.7% and 10.7%, respectively (p<0.0001). The hazard ratio per 50% increase of pentraxin 3 was 1.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.19), p<0.0001. This association remained significant after stepwise adjustments for leukocytes/high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (1.09 (1.02-1.15)), p=0.009, interleukin-6 (1.07 (1.01-1.14)), p=0.026, and cystatin C (1.07 (1.00-1.13)), p=0.044, but not after adjustment for N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity troponin T and growth differentiation factor 15. Admission pentraxin 3 was also associated with several of the individual endpoint components (cardiovascular death/spontaneous myocardial infarction; p=0.008, cardiovascular death; p=0.026, and spontaneous myocardial infarction; p=0.017), but not with stroke. Pentraxin 3 measured in the chronic phase (i.e. at one month) was still predictive of the composite endpoint in univariate analysis (1.12 (1.04-1.20) per 50% increase) p=0.0024, but not after adjustment for the other biomarkers. CONCLUSION Admission level of pentraxin 3 is a modestly stronger predictor than high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, but not than N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide or high-sensitivity troponin T, concerning cardiovascular outcome in acute coronary syndrome. Pentraxin 3 is more strongly correlated with N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity troponin T than with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Kontny
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.,Drammen Heart Center, Norway
| | - Thomas Andersen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Axel Åkerblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology Uppsala University, Sweden.,Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Tatevik G Lakic
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), University of Tromsø, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | | | - Richard C Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Stefan K James
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology Uppsala University, Sweden.,Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology Uppsala University, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Robert F Storey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology Uppsala University, Sweden.,Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Garlanda C, Bottazzi B, Magrini E, Inforzato A, Mantovani A. PTX3, a Humoral Pattern Recognition Molecule, in Innate Immunity, Tissue Repair, and Cancer. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:623-639. [PMID: 29412047 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity includes a cellular and a humoral arm. PTX3 is a fluid-phase pattern recognition molecule conserved in evolution which acts as a key component of humoral innate immunity in infections of fungal, bacterial, and viral origin. PTX3 binds conserved microbial structures and self-components under conditions of inflammation and activates effector functions (complement, phagocytosis). Moreover, it has a complex regulatory role in inflammation, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury and cancer-related inflammation, as well as in extracellular matrix organization and remodeling, with profound implications in physiology and pathology. Finally, PTX3 acts as an extrinsic oncosuppressor gene by taming tumor-promoting inflammation in murine and selected human tumors. Thus evidence suggests that PTX3 is a key homeostatic component at the crossroad of innate immunity, inflammation, tissue repair, and cancer. Dissecting the complexity of PTX3 pathophysiology and human genetics paves the way to diagnostic and therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy ; and The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy ; and The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Magrini
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy ; and The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy ; and The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy ; and The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Fang J, Chen Q, He B, Cai J, Yao Y, Cai Y, Xu S, Rengasamy KRR, Gowrishankar S, Pandian SK, Cao T. Tanshinone IIA attenuates TNF-α induced PTX3 expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells through the p38/NF-κB pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:622-630. [PMID: 30268796 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is one of the most predominant bioactive constituents of Danshen, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with multiple cardiovascular protective actions. Although Tanshinone IIA has been well documented for its endothelial protective efficacy, studies unveiling the mechanism and/or molecular targets for its pharmacological activity are still inadequate. In recent studies, it has been envisaged that the expression of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) was associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVD). Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate the possible role of Tanshinone IIA in influencing the expression of PTX3 in endothelial cells and thereby prevents endothelial dysfunction. Molecular analyses through real-time PCR, western blot, and ELISA revealed that Tanshinone IIA down-regulates PTX3 gene expression as well as protein secretion in human endothelial cells in the presence or absence of TNF-α. Besides, Tanshinone IIA inhibits the adhesion of THP1 cells (a monocytic cell line) to activated-endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α. Furthermore, mechanistic studies uncovered the role of p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway in Tanshinone II-A mediated pharmacological effects. Thus, the present study exemplifies the manifestation of Tanshinone IIA as a plausible alternative natural remedy for ACVD by targeting PTX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Center of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 511436, PR China
| | - Baozhu He
- Center of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 511436, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Cai
- Center of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 511436, PR China
| | - Yawen Yao
- Center of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 511436, PR China
| | - Yi Cai
- Center of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 511436, PR China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, India.
| | | | | | - Tiansheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510800, China.
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Zhang CY, Han HD, Wang SY, Huang SR, Deng BQ. Pentraxin-3 in Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: No Relation with Curative Effect and Prognosis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4427-4432. [PMID: 29949524 PMCID: PMC6052828 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is considered a high quality inflammatory marker of the severity and prognosis of several diseases, however, the value of PTX3 in thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke remains unclear and PTX3 is still controversial in evaluating the prognosis of stroke patients. In this study, we investigated the association of PTX3 with thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Material/Methods Forty-seven stroke patients who received thrombolytic therapy within 4.5 hours after symptom onset were enrolled consecutively between July 2016 and June 2017. All the patients underwent multiphase CTA (computerized tomography angiography) or CT perfusion before thrombolysis with no indication for endovascular treatment. Initial and 24 hours of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and serum PTX3 level, stroke risk factors and predictors, and mRS (modified Rankin scale) at 3 months were collected prospectively. Predictors of thrombolytic therapy effect and long-term prognosis were investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results The 24 hour NIHSS score and the treatment time was associated with symptom improvement, while the PTX3 level had no association with neurological improvement and prognosis in stroke patients receiving thrombolytic therapy. Conclusions PTX3 is not suitable to serve as an indicator of thrombolytic efficacy and had no association with long-term prognosis in stroke patients receiving thrombolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Zhang
- Stroke Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - He-Dong Han
- Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Si-Yang Wang
- Stroke Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Shi-Ren Huang
- Stroke Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ben-Qiang Deng
- Stroke Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Takahashi Y, Watanabe R, Sato Y, Ozawa N, Kojima M, Watanabe-Kominato K, Shirai R, Sato K, Hirano T, Watanabe T. Novel phytopeptide osmotin mimics preventive effects of adiponectin on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Metabolism 2018; 83:128-138. [PMID: 29410350 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The novel phytohormone, osmotin, has been reported to act like mammalian adiponectin through PHO36/AdipoR1 in various in vitro and in vivo models. However, there have been no reports regarding the precise effects of osmotin on atherosclerosis. METHODS We assessed the atheroprotective effects of osmotin on inflammatory molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), human leukemic monocyte (THP-1) adhesion, inflammatory responses, and foam cell formation in THP-1-derived macrophages, and the migration, proliferation, and extracellular matrix expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We examined whether 4-week infusion of osmotin could suppress the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. RESULTS AdipoR1 was abundantly expressed in HUVECs, HASMCs, THP-1, and derived macrophages. Osmotin suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin in HUVECs, and TNF-α-induced THP-1-HUVEC adhesion. In THP-1-derived macrophages, osmotin suppressed the inflammatory M1 phenotype, lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of interleukin-6 and TNF-α, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation associated with CD36 and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 downregulation and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 upregulation. In HASMCs, osmotin suppressed angiotensin II-induced migration, proliferation, collagen-1 and fibronectin expression, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity without inducing apoptosis. Infusion of osmotin into ApoE-/- mice prevented the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions with reductions of intraplaque pentraxin-3 expression, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first evidence that osmotin exerts preventive effects on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, which may facilitate the development of new therapeutic modalities for combating atherosclerosis and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Rena Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Nana Ozawa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Miho Kojima
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kaho Watanabe-Kominato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kengo Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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46
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Erreni M, Manfredi AA, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Rovere-Querini P. The long pentraxin PTX3: A prototypical sensor of tissue injury and a regulator of homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:112-125. [PMID: 29027216 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue damage frequently occurs. The immune system senses it and enforces homeostatic responses that lead to regeneration and repair. The synthesis of acute phase molecules is emerging as a crucial event in this program. The prototypic long pentraxin PTX3 orchestrates the recruitment of leukocytes, stabilizes the provisional matrix in order to facilitate leukocyte and stem progenitor cells trafficking, promotes swift and safe clearance of dying cells and of autoantigens, limiting autoimmunity and protecting the vasculature. These non-redundant actions of PTX3 are necessary for the resolution of inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanisms by which PTX3 adapts the functions of innate immune cells, orchestrates tissue repair and contributes to select the appropriate acquired immune response in various tissues. Conversely, PTX3 continues to be produced in diseases where the inflammatory response does not resolve. It is therefore a valuable biomarker for more precise and personalized stratification of patients, often independently predicting clinical evolution and outcome. There is strong promise for novel therapies based on understanding the mechanisms with which PTX3 plays its homeostatic role, especially in regulating leukocyte migration and the resolution of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Erreni
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Chen W, Tian T, Wang S, Xue Y, Sun Z, Wang S. Characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes at different disease course, and the intervention by statins in very elderly patients. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:389-395. [PMID: 28685957 PMCID: PMC5835477 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic complications of diabetes have become the leading cause of death in elderly patients with diabetes. Carotid atherosclerosis, one of the major complications, was evaluated and the effects of atorvastatin on carotid atherosclerosis in very elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were divided into three groups: (i) disease course <5 years; (ii) disease course 5-10 years; (iii) disease course >10 years, and carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated. The very elderly patients were treated with statins, and the effect was observed. RESULTS Carotid intima-media thickness values, plaque instability and levels of homocysteine, cystatin, and C-reactive protein in diabetes patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group, whereas levels of C-peptide and estimated glomerular filtration rate in the patients were significantly lower. In patients with type 2 diabetes for >10 years, intima-media thickness values and plaque instability were obviously higher than those in patients with type 2 diabetes for <5 years, while levels of fasting C-peptide and estimated glomerular filtration rate were lower than those in patients with type 2 diabetes for <5 years. In the very elderly patients, after statins treatment, intima-media thickness values, levels of homocysteine and C-reactive protein were significantly reduced, as well as the number of unstable plaques. CONCLUSIONS In the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, carotid atherosclerosis-related factors increased obviously, and renal function declined obviously, which were closely related to the disease course. Atorvastatin significantly reduced homocysteine and C-reactive protein, and delayed and reversed the progress of carotid atherosclerosis in very elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Department of OncologyLinyi People's HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of GeriatricsLinyi People's HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Shiming Wang
- Department of GeriatricsLinyi People's HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Yan Xue
- Ultrasound RoomLinyi People's HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Zongqin Sun
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryLinyi People's HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Shuli Wang
- Department of GeriatricsLinyi People's HospitalLinyiChina
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Eltoft A, Arntzen KA, Wilsgaard T, Mathiesen EB, Johnsen SH. Interleukin-6 is an independent predictor of progressive atherosclerosis in the carotid artery: The Tromsø Study. Atherosclerosis 2018; 271:1-8. [PMID: 29453087 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Novel biomarkers are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between 28 blood biomarkers and the formation and progression of carotid plaque. METHODS In a nested case control study with 703 participants from the population based Tromsø Study, a large biomarker panel was measured in blood obtained at baseline. Carotid ultrasound was assessed both at baseline and at 6 years of follow-up. Four groups were defined: Group 1: no plaque at baseline or at follow-up (reference group); Group 2: novel plaque at follow-up; Group 3: stable plaque at follow-up; Group 4: progression of plaque at follow-up. By multinomial logistic regression analyses, we assessed the risk of being in the different plaque groups with regard to traditional cardiovascular risk factors and levels of biomarkers at baseline. RESULTS Adjusted for traditional risk factors, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was an independent predictor of plaque progression (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.12-1.85 per SD increase in IL-6 level). This result remained significant after inclusion of other novel biomarkers to the model, and when subjects with former CVD were excluded. Neopterin was protective of novel plaque formation (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.93). Myeloperoxidase and Caspase-1 were independent predictors of plaque progression, but this effect disappeared when excluding subjects with former CVD. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 is an independent predictor of plaque progression, suggesting that it may be a marker of progressive atherosclerosis in the general population and that its central role in CVD may be related to promotion of plaque growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnethe Eltoft
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Kjell Arne Arntzen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stein Harald Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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49
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Shirai R, Sato K, Yamashita T, Yamaguchi M, Okano T, Watanabe-Kominato K, Watanabe R, Matsuyama TA, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Koba S, Kobayashi Y, Hirano T, Watanabe T. Neopterin Counters Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007359. [PMID: 29420219 PMCID: PMC5850243 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neopterin, a metabolite of GTP, is produced by activated macrophages and is abundantly expressed within atherosclerotic lesions in human aorta and carotid and coronary arteries. We aimed to clarify the influence of neopterin on both vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, as neither effect had been fully assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated neopterin expression in coronary artery lesions and plasma from patients with coronary artery disease. We assessed the atheroprotective effects of neopterin in vitro using human aortic endothelial cells, human monocyte-derived macrophages, and human aortic smooth muscle cells. In vivo experiments included a study of aortic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Neopterin expression in coronary artery lesions and plasma was markedly increased in patients with versus without coronary artery disease. In human aortic endothelial cells, neopterin reduced proliferation and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α)-induced upregulation of MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1). Neopterin attenuated TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells and the inflammatory macrophage phenotype via NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) downregulation. Neopterin suppressed oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation associated with CD36 downregulation and upregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 in human monocyte-derived macrophages. In human aortic smooth muscle cells, neopterin suppressed angiotensin II-induced migration and proliferation via c-Src/Raf-1/ERK1/2 downregulation without inducing apoptosis. Exogenous neopterin administration and endogenous neopterin attenuation with its neutralizing antibody for 4 weeks retarded and promoted, respectively, the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that neopterin prevents both vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis and may be induced to counteract the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Consequently, neopterin could be of use as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Coculture Techniques
- Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism
- Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
- Coronary Artery Disease/prevention & control
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Foam Cells/metabolism
- Foam Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neopterin/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction
- THP-1 Cells
- Vasculitis/metabolism
- Vasculitis/pathology
- Vasculitis/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Okano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Watanabe-Kominato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rena Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichi Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Xu S, Yin M, Koroleva M, Mastrangelo MA, Zhang W, Bai P, Little PJ, Jin ZG. SIRT6 protects against endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1064-82. [PMID: 27249230 PMCID: PMC4931854 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6 is an important member of sirtuin family that represses inflammation, aging and DNA damage, three of which are causing factors for endothelial dysfunction. SIRT6 expression is decreased in atherosclerotic lesions from ApoE−/− mice and human patients. However, the role of SIRT6 in regulating vascular endothelial function and atherosclerosis is not well understood. Here we show that SIRT6 protects against endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Global and endothelium-specific SIRT6 knockout mice exhibited impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Moreover, SIRT6+/− haploinsufficient mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) also displayed impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Importantly, SIRT6+/−;ApoE−/− mice after HFD feeding exhibited exacerbated atherosclerotic lesion development, concurrent with increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine VCAM-1. Loss- and gain-of-SIRT6 function studies in cultured human endothelial cells (ECs) showed that SIRT6 attenuated monocyte adhesion to ECs. RNA-sequencing profiling revealed that SIRT6 overexpression decreased the expression of multiple atherosclerosis-related genes, including proatherogenic gene TNFSF4 (tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 4). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that SIRT6 decreased TNFSF4 gene expression by binding to and deacetylating H3K9 at TNFSF4 gene promoter. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that SIRT6 play a pivotal role in maintaining endothelial function and increased SIRT6 activity could be a new therapeutic strategy to combat atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Meimei Yin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Marina Koroleva
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Michael A Mastrangelo
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Peter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary.,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
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