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Leeuwis RHJ, Hall JR, Zanuzzo FS, Smith N, Clow KA, Kumar S, Vasquez I, Goetz FW, Johnson SC, Rise ML, Santander J, Gamperl AK. Climate change can impair bacterial pathogen defences in sablefish via hypoxia-mediated effects on adaptive immunity. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 156:105161. [PMID: 38521379 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Low-oxygen levels (hypoxia) in aquatic habitats are becoming more common because of global warming and eutrophication. However, the effects on the health/disease status of fishes, the world's largest group of vertebrates, are unclear. Therefore, we assessed how long-term hypoxia affected the immune function of sablefish, an ecologically and economically important North Pacific species, including the response to a formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin. Sablefish were held at normoxia or hypoxia (100% or 40% air saturated seawater, respectively) for 6-16 weeks, while we measured a diverse array of immunological traits. Given that the sablefish is a non-model organism, this involved the development of a species-specific methodological toolbox comprised of qPCR primers for 16 key immune genes, assays for blood antibacterial defences, the assessment of blood immunoglobulin (IgM) levels with ELISA, and flow cytometry and confocal microscopy techniques. We show that innate immune parameters were typically elevated in response to the bacterial antigens, but were not substantially affected by hypoxia. In contrast, hypoxia completely prevented the ∼1.5-fold increase in blood IgM level that was observed under normoxic conditions following bacterin exposure, implying a serious impairment of adaptive immunity. Since the sablefish is naturally hypoxia tolerant, our results demonstrate that climate change-related deoxygenation may be a serious threat to the immune competency of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robine H J Leeuwis
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Fábio S Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Nicole Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Kathy A Clow
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Frederick W Goetz
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Stewart C Johnson
- Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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Ding Y, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Shi Y, Cui Z, Chen X. Aggregation and proliferation of B cells and T cells in MALTs upon Cryptocaryon irritans infection in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 149:109535. [PMID: 38582231 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) plays crucial roles in resisting infection by pathogens, including parasites, bacteria and viruses. However, the mucosal immune response in the MALTs of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) upon parasitic infection remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of B cells and T cells in the MALTs of large yellow croaker following Cryptocaryon irritans infection. Upon C. irritans infection, the total IgM and IgT antibody levels were significantly increased in the skin mucus and gill mucus. Notably, parasite-specific IgM antibody level was increased in the serum, skin and gill mucus following parasitic infection, while the level of parasite-specific IgT antibody was exclusively increased in MALTs. Moreover, parasitic infection induced both local and systemic aggregation and proliferation of IgM+ B cells, suggesting that the increased levels of IgM in mucus may be derived from both systemic and mucosal immune tissues. In addition, we observed significant aggregation and proliferation of T cells in the gill, head kidney and spleen, suggesting that T cells may also be involved in the systemic and mucosal immune responses upon parasitic infection. Overall, our findings provided further insights into the role of immunoglobulins against pathogenic infection, and the simultaneous aggregation and proliferation of both B cells and T cells at mucosal surfaces suggested potential interactions between these two major lymphocyte populations during parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yameng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yibo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhangqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zhengwei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Valero Y, Souto S, Olveira JG, López-Vázquez C, Dopazo CP, Bandín I. Water-in-oil adjuvant challenges in fish vaccination: An experimental inactivated adjuvanted vaccine against betanodavirus infection in Senegalese sole. J Fish Dis 2024:e13945. [PMID: 38523313 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The extensive growth of intensive fish farming has led to a massive spread of infectious diseases. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is the causative agent of the viral encephalo- and retinopathy disease which has become a major threat for fish farming all over the globe. The devastating mortality rates recorded in disease outbreaks, especially when infected specimens are at early stages of development, have a high economic impact on the sector. Currently, vaccines are the most cost-effective preventing tool in the fight against viruses. Inactivated vaccines have the advantage of simplicity in their development at the same time as present the antigen in a similar manner than the natural infection in the host. Nevertheless, they usually trigger weaker immune responses needing adjuvants to boost their effectiveness. In this work, we have intraperitoneally vaccinated Senegalese sole juveniles (Solea senegalensis) with a previously designed inactivated vaccine against NNV based on binary ethylenimine (BEI), mixed or not with an oil-adjuvant. Our results demonstrated the potential activation of different immune pathways when the vaccine was administered alone compared to the oil-adjuvanted vaccine, both resulting in an equivalent partial improvement in survival following a NNV challenge. However, whilst the vaccine alone led to a significant increase in specific antibodies, in the adjuvanted version those antibodies were kept basal although with a slight improvement in their neutralization capacity. At transcriptional level, neither vaccine (adjuvanted or not) triggered the immune system activation during the vaccination period. However, after NNV infection, the BEI-inactivated vaccines alone and oil-adjuvanted both elicited the stimulation of antiviral responsive genes (rtp3, herc4), antigen presentation molecules (mhcii) and T-cell markers (cd8a) in the head-kidney. Additionally, the oil-adjuvanted vaccine appears to stimulate mediator cytokines (il6) and B-cell markers (ight and ighm). Surprisingly, when the adjuvant was administered alone, fish showed the highest survival rates concomitantly with a lack of NNV-IgM production, pointing to the possible induction of different immune pathways than the B-cell responses via antibodies by the adjuvant. Since this combined vaccine did not succeed in the full extension of protection against the pathogen, further studies should be performed focusing on unravelling the molecular mechanisms through which adjuvants trigger the immune response, both independently and when added to a vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Campus Vida, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sandra Souto
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José G Olveira
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen López-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos P Dopazo
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Bandín
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Liu L, Zhao Y, Huang Z, Long Z, Qin H, Lin H, Zhou S, Kong L, Ma J, Li Z. Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides supplemented to high soybean meal diet on immunity and hepatic health of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333469. [PMID: 38380326 PMCID: PMC10876890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
High soybean meal diet (HSBMD) decreased the immunity and damaged the liver health of spotted sea bass; in this study, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) was added to HSBMD to explore its effects on the immunity and liver health. The diet with 44% fish meal content was designed as a blank control. On this basis, soybean meal was used to replace 50% fish meal as HSBMD, and LBP was added in HSBMD in gradient (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg) as the experimental diet. 225-tailed spotted sea bass with initial body weight of 44.52 ± 0.24 g were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed the corresponding diet for 52 days, respectively. The results show that: after ingestion of HSBMD, the immunity of spotted sea bass decreased slightly and hepatic tissue was severely damaged. And the addition of LBP significantly improved the immune capacity and protected the hepatic health. Specifically, the activities of serum lysozyme (LZM), immunoglobulin M (IgM), liver acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were increased, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were significantly decreased, and hepatic morphology was improved. In the analysis of transcriptome results, it was found that toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) were down-regulated in toll-like receptor signaling pathway. And LBP may protect hepatic health by regulating Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Insulin signaling pathway, Steroid biosynthesis and other glucolipid-related pathways. In conclusion, the addition of LBP in HSBMD can improve the immunity and protect the hepatic health of spotted sea bass, and its mechanism may be related to glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Liu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanbo Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhangfan Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongying Long
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Huihui Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Sishun Zhou
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Lumin Kong
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianrong Ma
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongbao Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
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Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Islam NY, Lee J, Pollet J, Poveda C, Strych U, Thimmiraju SR, Uzcategui NL, Versteeg L, Gorelick D. The zebrafish as a potential model for vaccine and adjuvant development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:535-545. [PMID: 38664959 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2345685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zebrafishes represent a proven model for human diseases and systems biology, exhibiting physiological and genetic similarities and having innate and adaptive immune systems. However, they are underexplored for human vaccinology, vaccine development, and testing. Here we summarize gaps and challenges. AREAS COVERED Zebrafish models have four potential applications: 1) Vaccine safety: The past successes in using zebrafishes to test xenobiotics could extend to vaccine and adjuvant formulations for general safety or target organs due to the zebrafish embryos' optical transparency. 2) Innate immunity: The zebrafish offers refined ways to examine vaccine effects through signaling via Toll-like or NOD-like receptors in zebrafish myeloid cells. 3) Adaptive immunity: Zebrafishes produce IgM, IgD,and two IgZ immunoglobulins, but these are understudied, due to a lack of immunological reagents for challenge studies. 4) Systems vaccinology: Due to the availability of a well-referenced zebrafish genome, transcriptome, proteome, and epigenome, this model offers potential here. EXPERT OPINION It remains unproven whether zebrafishes can be employed for testing and developing human vaccines. We are still at the hypothesis-generating stage, although it is possible to begin outlining experiments for this purpose. Through transgenic manipulation, zebrafish models could offer new paths for shaping animal models and systems vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nelufa Yesmin Islam
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jungsoon Lee
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeroen Pollet
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Syamala Rani Thimmiraju
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nestor L Uzcategui
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leroy Versteeg
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Gorelick
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Akram N, El-Matbouli M, Saleh M. The Immune Response to the Myxozoan Parasite Myxobolus cerebralis in Salmonids: A Review on Whirling Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17392. [PMID: 38139218 PMCID: PMC10743445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonids are affected by the economically significant whirling disease (WD) caused by the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis. In the past, it was endemic to Eurasia, but it has now spread to different regions of North America, Europe, New Zealand, and South Africa. Among salmonids, rainbow trout is considered the most highly susceptible host. Upon entering to the host's body, the parasite invades the spine and cranium, resulting in whirling behaviour, a blackened tail, and destruction of cartilage. The disease is characterized by the infiltration of numerous inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes and macrophages, with the onset of fibrous tissue infiltration. Several efforts have been undertaken to investigate the role of various immune modulatory molecules and immune regulatory genes using advanced molecular methods including flow cytometry and transcriptional techniques. Investigation of the molecular and cellular responses, the role of STAT3 in Th17 cell differentiation, and the inhibitory actions of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) on interferons and interleukins, as well as the role of natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (Nramp) in WD have significantly contributed to our understanding of the immune regulation mechanism in salmonids against M. cerebralis. This review thoroughly highlights previous research and discusses potential future directions for understanding the molecular immune response of salmonids and the possible development of prophylactic approaches against WD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mona Saleh
- Division of Fish Health, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.)
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Velázquez J, Cruz L, Pérez-Bernal M, Valdivia O, Haidar A, Rodríguez A, Herrera F, González O, Morales A, Ulloa L, Blanco R, Pérez J, Dorta D, Luna Y, Garay HE, Abreu DD, Ramos Y, Besada V, Cabrera Y, Estrada MP, Carpio Y. Monoclonal antibody generated against Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) IgT heavy chain using a peptide-based strategy. Fish Shellfish Immunol Rep 2023; 4:100093. [PMID: 37122444 PMCID: PMC10130216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost IgT/Z plays a principal role in the defense mechanisms against infectious agents in the mucosal compartments and in systemic immunity. Previously, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) IgT was discovered and characterized at transcription level. In this work, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically recognized the Nile tilapia IgT. BALB/c mice were immunized with three synthetic peptides conjugated to KLH. The sequences of these peptides derived from the constant region of the Nile tilapia IgT heavy chain. ELISA and Western blotting confirmed the specificity of the polyclonal sera and the culture supernatant from a positive hybridoma clone. We observed immunoreactivity against a recombinant IgT fragment and native IgT in skin mucus. The anti-IgT mAb did not cross-react with purified tilapia IgM. Direct ELISA analysis allowed the quantification of skin mucus IgM and IgT concentrations. Flow cytometry analysis revealed differences in the percentage of IgT+ B cell populations between juveniles and adults in peripheral blood, head kidney and spleen lymphocytes and among the tissues analyzed. For further validation of the anti-IgT mAb utility, a recombinant vaccine candidate against sea lice (TT-P0 Ls) was injected into juvenile tilapia. Direct ELISA results revealed a differential secretion of skin mucus IgT and IgM after immunostimulation. In addition, the percentages of IgT+ B cells were determined at 7 days after booster and ex-vivo stimulation by flow cytometry. This mAb constitutes an important immunological tool to study the biological function and structural characteristics of tilapia IgT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Velázquez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Lynn Cruz
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Maylin Pérez-Bernal
- Research and Development Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 83, Sancti Spíritus 60200, Cuba
| | - Onel Valdivia
- Research and Development Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 83, Sancti Spíritus 60200, Cuba
| | - Arlette Haidar
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Alianet Rodríguez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Fidel Herrera
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Osmany González
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Antonio Morales
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Lisbet Ulloa
- Research and Development Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 83, Sancti Spíritus 60200, Cuba
| | - Reinaldo Blanco
- Production Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 83, Sancti Spíritus 60200, Cuba
| | - Joel Pérez
- Production Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 83, Sancti Spíritus 60200, Cuba
| | - Dayamí Dorta
- Production Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 83, Sancti Spíritus 60200, Cuba
| | - Yaramis Luna
- Production Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 83, Sancti Spíritus 60200, Cuba
| | - Hilda Elisa Garay
- Peptides Synthesis Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - David Diago Abreu
- Peptides Synthesis Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Proteomics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Proteomics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Yeosvany Cabrera
- Research and Development Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 83, Sancti Spíritus 60200, Cuba
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yamila Carpio
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
- Corresponding authors.
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Castro PL, Barac F, Hansen TJ, Fjelldal PG, Hordvik I, Bjørgen H, Koppang EO. The Distribution of IgT mRNA + Cells in the Gut of the Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3191. [PMID: 37893915 PMCID: PMC10603744 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly discovered IgT+ B cell is thought to play a dominant role in mucosal immunity, but limited studies have examined its distribution in fish species, hindering our understanding of its function. This study investigated IgT and poly Ig receptor (pIgR) mRNA+ cell distribution in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut using RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) and assessed the effects of vaccination. The pyloric caeca, mid-intestine (first and second parts), and posterior segment in two weight stages (Group 1: avg. 153 g, Group 2: avg. 1717 g) were examined in both vaccinated and unvaccinated fish. ISH revealed more IgT mRNA+ cells in the second part of the midgut compared to other intestinal segments, as well as a higher number of positive cells in Group 2 (older fish). In line with previous findings, intraperitoneal vaccination had no significant impact on the number of IgT+ transcripts. IgT mRNA+ cells were found mostly in the lamina propria and near capillaries, while pIgR was registered in both the lamina propria and mucosa. Interestingly, vaccinated fish presented adhesions and granulomatous tissue in the peritoneum, with both IgT and pIgR mRNA+ cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the distribution of IgT mRNA+ cells in the intestine of Atlantic salmon is region-specific and is not affected by intraperitoneal vaccination but varies with fish age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Luis Castro
- GIA-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Telde, Spain
| | - Fran Barac
- Unit of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway; (F.B.); (H.B.); (E.O.K.)
| | - Tom Johnny Hansen
- Matre Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, 5984 Matredal, Norway; (T.J.H.); (P.G.F.)
| | - Per Gunnar Fjelldal
- Matre Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, 5984 Matredal, Norway; (T.J.H.); (P.G.F.)
| | - Ivar Hordvik
- Institute of Biology, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Håvard Bjørgen
- Unit of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway; (F.B.); (H.B.); (E.O.K.)
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Unit of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway; (F.B.); (H.B.); (E.O.K.)
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9
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Herranz-Jusdado JG, Morel E, Simón R, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Teleost IgD +IgM - B cells in gills and skin have a plasmablast profile, but functionally and phenotypically differ from IgM +IgD - B cells in these sites. iScience 2023; 26:107434. [PMID: 37593459 PMCID: PMC10428129 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most B cells in teleost systemic compartments co-express IgM and IgD on the surface, cells exclusively expressing either of the two Igs are common in fish mucosal tissues, providing us with a unique opportunity to further characterize IgD+IgM- B cells, an intriguing B cell subset. Hence, we compared the phenotype of IgD+IgM- cells to that of IgM+IgD- B cells in rainbow trout gills and skin, also establishing the response of these subsets to immune stimulation. The transcriptional profile and secreting capacity of IgD+IgM- B cells corresponded to that of cells that have started a differentiation program toward plasmablasts, similarly to IgM+IgD- B cells. Yet, IgM+IgD- B cells retained high levels of surface MHC II and antigen-processing abilities, while these were much lower in IgD+IgM- cells, suggesting important differences in their antigen-presenting capacities. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the enigmatic role of IgD in mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Germán Herranz-Jusdado
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Simón
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Gorgoglione B, Liu JT, Li J, Vakharia VN. The efficacy of new oral vaccine feeds against Salmonid novirhabdovirus in rainbow trout. Fish Shellfish Immunol Rep 2023; 4:100082. [PMID: 36660300 PMCID: PMC9842750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonid novirhabdovirus (IHNV) causes infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in salmonid species. Despite an injectable plasmid-based DNA vaccine of the glycoprotein (G) gene is effective, there are no oral vaccines for mass vaccination of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Recombinant baculoviruses were generated, used in cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) insect larvae to produce IHNV G and IHNV G-C5a proteins. Western blotting and chemiluminescence assays confirmed the expression of recombinant proteins, which were added to the fish feeding and top-coated with unflavored gelatin binder. Commercial rainbow trout were fed with experimental diets containing either IHNV G or IHNV G-C5a proteins for 2 weeks, and boosted 4 weeks after. Four weeks post-booster, fish were challenged with IHNV by immersion. Survival upon the infection challenge was evaluated. Spleen were sampled at 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi). Non-vaccinated and IHNV G fed trout reached a mortality of 91.7 and 97.6%, and 70.9 and 88.4%, respectively at 8 and 15 dpi. The IHNV G-C5a fed group exhibited a reduced mortality of 51.2% at 8 dpi, reaching 81.7% at 15 dpi, suggesting some level of antiviral protection. The individual viral load was measured by RT-qPCR detection of IHNV N gene, showing no significant difference across experimental groups. The transcription modulation of selected immune response markers was evaluated across experimental groups, including Type I IFN-a, Mx-1, CD4, and IgM. Further study is needed to assess how new oral vaccines may become effective to mitigate IHNV pathogenesis in juvenile trout by modulating the host immune response to protect towards IHNV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Gorgoglione
- Fish Pathobiology and Immunology Laboratory, Dept. Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (CVM)/ Dept. Fisheries and Wildlife (CANR), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,Corresponding authors.
| | - Juan-Ting Liu
- Fish Pathobiology and Immunology Laboratory, Dept. Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (CVM)/ Dept. Fisheries and Wildlife (CANR), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vikram N. Vakharia
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD, United States,Corresponding authors.
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11
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Chan J, Carmen LCP, Lee SQ, Prabakaran M. Identification and characterization of immunoglobulin tau (IgT) in Asian Seabass ( Lates calcarifer) and mucosal immune response to nervous necrosis virus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146387. [PMID: 36891305 PMCID: PMC9986254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal immunity plays a critical role in the protection of teleost fish against infection, but mucosal immunoglobulin of important aquaculture species unique to Southeast Asia remained greatly understudied. In this study, the sequence of immunoglobulin T (IgT) from Asian sea bass (ASB) is described for the first time. IgT of ASB possesses the characteristic structure of immunoglobulin with a variable heavy chain and four CH4 domains. The CH2-CH4 domains and full-length IgT were expressed and CH2-CH4 specific antibody was validated against full-length IgT expressed in Sf9 III cells. Subsequent use of the anti-CH2-CH4 antibody in immunofluorescence staining confirmed the presence of IgT-positive cells in the ASB gill and intestine. The constitutive expression of ASB IgT was characterized in different tissues and in response to red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection. The highest basal expression of secretory IgT (sIgT) was observed in the mucosal and lymphoid tissues such as the gills, intestine and head kidney. Following NNV infection, IgT expression was upregulated in the head kidney and mucosal tissues. Moreover, a significant increase in localized IgT was found in gills and intestines of infected fish on day 14 post-infection. Interestingly, a significant increase in NNV-specific IgT secretion was only observed in the gills of the infected group. Our results suggest that ASB IgT may play an important role in the adaptive mucosal immune responses against viral infection and could potentially be adapted as a tool for the evaluation of prospective mucosal vaccines and adjuvants for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janlin Chan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Ching Pei Carmen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Qi Lee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mookkan Prabakaran
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Amenyogbe E, Luo J, Fu WJ, Abarike ED, Wang ZL, Huang JS, Ayisi CL, Chen G. Effects of autochthonous strains mixture on gut microbiota and metabolic profile in cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Sci Rep 2022; 12:17410. [PMID: 36258024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The fish immune system is a topic or subject that offers a unique understanding of defensive system evolution in vertebrate heredity. While gut microbiota plays several roles in fish: well-being, promoting health and growth, resistance to bacterial invasion, regulation of energy absorption, and lipid metabolism. However, studies on fish gut microbiota face practical challenges due to the large number of fish varieties, fluctuating environmental conditions, and differences in feeding habits. This study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of supplemented three autochthonous strains, Bacillus sp. RCS1, Pantoea agglomerans RCS2, and Bacillus cereus RCS3 mixture diet on cobia fish (Rachycentron canadum). Also, chromatography, mass spectrometry and high throughput sequencing were combined to explore composition and metabolite profile of gut microbiota in juvenile cobia fed with supplemented diet. In the trial group, juvenile cobia received diets supplemented with 1 × 1012 CFU mL-1 autochthonous strains for ten weeks and a control diet without supplementation. Juvenile cobia receiving diets supplementation exhibited significantly improved growth than those without additives (control). Haematological indices, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, haemoglobin, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin, were higher in the supplemented group. Similarly, digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase, amylase, pepsin and cellulose, activities) activities were higher in supplemented diet with an indigenous isolates mixture. Serum biochemical parameters albumin, globulin, and total protein were significantly higher, while triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol showed no significant difference. On the other hand, glucose was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the group without supplementation. On gene expression in the midgut, Immunoglobulin, Colony-stimulating factor receptor 1, major histocompatibility complex 1 were up-regulated by native isolates while T cell receptor beta, and Major histocompatibility complex 2 showed no significant difference. Gut bacterial composition was altered in fish receiving supplemented diet with autochthonous strains. Metabolomics also revealed that some metabolic pathways were considerably enriched in fish fed with supplemented diet; pathway analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment revealed that differentially expressed metabolites were involved in galactose metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, purine metabolism, and ABC transporters. Functional analysis of bacterial community showed that differences in enriched metabolic pathways generally comprised carbohydrate and its metabolites, nucleotide and its metabolites, amino acid and its metabolites, heterocyclic compounds, and tryptamines, cholines, pigments. The current investigation results showed that autochthonous strains mixture has significantly enhanced the growth, survival, and innate and adaptive immunities of juvenile cobia.
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13
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Castro R, Magadán S, Jouneau L, Mhana V, Pham HP, Mariotti-Ferrandiz E, Six A, Huetz F, Boudinot P. Clonotypic IgH Response against Systemic Viral infection in Pronephros and Spleen of a Teleost Fish. J Immunol 2022; 208:2573-2582. [PMID: 35577368 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Upon infection, B lymphocytes develop clonal responses. In teleost fish, which lack lymph nodes, the kinetics and location of B cell responses remain poorly characterized. Fish pronephros is the site of B cell differentiation and the main niche for persistence of plasma cells. In this study, we undertook the analysis of the rainbow trout IgHμ repertoire in this critical tissue for humoral adaptive immunity after primary immunization and boost with a rhabdovirus, the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). We used a barcoded 5' RACE-cDNA sequencing approach to characterize modifications of the IgHμ repertoire, including VH usage in expressed V(D)J rearrangements, clonal diversity, and clonotype sharing between individual fish and treatments. In the pronephros, our approach quantified the clonotype frequency across the whole IgH repertoire (i.e., with all VH), measuring the frequency of Ag-responding clonotypes. Viral infection led to extensive modifications of the pronephros B cell repertoire, implicating several VH subgroups after primary infection. In contrast, only modest changes in repertoire persisted 5 mo later, including VHSV-specific public expansions. The IgM public response implicating IgHV1-18 and JH5, previously described in spleen, was confirmed in pronephros in all infected fish, strongly correlated to the response. However, the distribution of top clonotypes showed that pronephros and spleen B cells constitute distinct compartments with different IgH repertoires. Unexpectedly, after boost, the frequency of anti-VHSV clonotypes decreased both in pronephros and spleen, raising questions about B cell circulation. A better monitoring of B cell response kinetics in lymphoid tissues will be an essential step to understand B memory and plasmocyte formation mechanisms in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Castro
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Susana Magadán
- Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vanessa Mhana
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, UMR S959 Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy Laboratory, Paris, France; and
| | - Hang-Phuong Pham
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, UMR S959 Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy Laboratory, Paris, France; and
| | | | - Adrien Six
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, UMR S959 Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy Laboratory, Paris, France; and
| | - François Huetz
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR 1222 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France;
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14
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Lefranc MP, Lefranc G. IMGT®Homo sapiens IG and TR Loci, Gene Order, CNV and Haplotypes: New Concepts as a Paradigm for Jawed Vertebrates Genome Assemblies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030381. [PMID: 35327572 PMCID: PMC8945572 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, created in 1989, by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université de Montpellier and CNRS), marked the advent of immunoinformatics, a new science which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics for the study of the adaptive immune responses. IMGT® is based on a standardized nomenclature of the immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) genes and alleles from fish to humans and on the IMGT unique numbering for the variable (V) and constant (C) domains of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) of vertebrates and invertebrates, and for the groove (G) domain of the major histocompatibility (MH) and MH superfamily (MhSF) proteins. IMGT® comprises 7 databases, 17 tools and more than 25,000 pages of web resources for sequences, genes and structures, based on the IMGT Scientific chart rules generated from the IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms and concepts. IMGT® reference directories are used for the analysis of the NGS high-throughput expressed IG and TR repertoires (natural, synthetic and/or bioengineered) and for bridging sequences, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures. This manuscript focuses on the IMGT®Homo sapiens IG and TR loci, gene order, copy number variation (CNV) and haplotypes new concepts, as a paradigm for jawed vertebrates genome assemblies.
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15
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Chen W, Huang J, Wang W, Wang Y, Chen H, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang D. Multi-tissue ScRNA-Seq Reveals Immune Cell Landscape of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fundamental Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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16
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Zhang D, Lange MD, Shoemaker CA, Beck BH. Identification and Characterization of Differentially Expressed IgM Transcripts of Channel Catfish Vaccinated with Antigens of Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila. Fishes 2022; 7:24. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is the top species produced in US aquaculture and motile Aeromonas septicemia, caused by virulent Aeromonas hydrophila (vAh), is one of the most severe diseases that afflict catfish farms. Previously, vaccination of fish with extracellular proteins (ECP) of vAh was shown to produce a robust antibody-mediated immune response against vAh infection. In this study, we analyzed IgM transcripts that were differentially expressed in the head kidney and liver of ECP-immunized and mock-immunized (control) fish with emphasis on a variable domain of heavy chain. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that immunized fish produced significantly more IgM transcripts than control fish. Full-length IgM heavy chain cDNA was cloned, which encoded typical IgM peptide, including signal peptide, variable domain (VH), constant domain (CH), and carboxyl terminal peptide. Great sequence diversity was revealed in a VH segment, with the third complementarity diversity region (CDR3) being most variable. Using germline VH gene grouping method, variants (clones) of VH characterized in this study belonged to nine VH families. The most unique variants (approximately 49%) were found in the VH2 family. Vaccinated fish apparently had more unique variants than in the control fish. There were 62% and 79% of unique variants in the head kidney and liver of vaccinated fish, respectively, while 44% and 27% unique variants in the head kidney and liver of control fish, respectively. Among the unique variants in VH2 family, approximately 87% of them were found in vaccinated fish. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of semi-purified IgM protein confirmed that matured IgM protein was as variable as IgM transcripts identified in this study, with isoelectric points crossing from 6 to 10. Results of this study provided insight into the molecular and genetic basis of antibody diversity and enriched our knowledge of the complex interplay between antigens and antibodies in Ictalurid catfish.
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17
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Currie A, Cockerill D, Diez-Padrisa M, Haining H, Henriquez F, Quinn B. Anemia in salmon aquaculture: Scotland as a case study. Aquaculture 2022; 546:737313. [PMID: 35039692 PMCID: PMC8547259 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anemia in salmonid aquaculture is a recognized blood disorder resulting from the reduction of hemoglobin concentration and/or erythrocyte count. Because of sub-optimal oxygen supply to the tissues, as a negative impact of anemia fish will experience reduced growth and poor health. This health challenge may be linked with several factors including anthropogenic changes in the marine environment, infectious etiology (viral, bacterial, and parasitic), nutritional deficiencies, or hemorrhaging. From the mid-late summer of 2017 to 2019, Scottish salmon farming companies began to report the occurrence of anemic events in open-net marine sites. At that time, the industry had little understanding of the pathogenesis and possible mechanisms of anemia and limited the ability to formulate effective mitigation strategies. Clinical examination of fish raised suspicion of anemia and this was confirmed by generating a packed cell volume value by centrifugation of a microhematocrit tube of whole anticoagulated blood. Company health team members, including vets and biologists, reported discoloration of gills and local hemorrhages. This paper reviews various commercially significant cases and lesser-known cases of anemia in cultured salmonid species induced by various biological factors. The current methods available to assess hematology are addressed and some future methods that could be adopted in modern day fish farming are identified. An account of the most recent anemic event in Scottish farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is presented and discussed as a case study from information provided by two major Scottish salmon producers. The percent of total marine sites (n = 80) included in this case study, that reported with suspected or clinical anemia covering the period mid-late summer 2017 to 2019, was between 1 and 13%. The findings from this case study suggest that anemia experienced in most cases was regenerative and most likely linked to blood loss from the gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Currie
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
- WellFish Diagnostics Ltd, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
| | - D. Cockerill
- Scottish Salmon Company, 8 Melville Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - M. Diez-Padrisa
- Mowi Scotland Ltd, Blar Mhor Industrial Estate, Fort William, Scotland, UK
| | - H. Haining
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - F.L. Henriquez
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
| | - B. Quinn
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
- WellFish Diagnostics Ltd, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
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18
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Ma J, Casadei E, Bruce TJ, Sepahi A, Cain KD, Salinas I. Long-term efficacy of nasal vaccination against enteric red mouth (ERM) disease and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Vaccine 2021:S0264-410X(21)01551-6. [PMID: 34893343 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that bacterial and viral vaccines delivered via the nasal route in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at 7 and 28 days post-vaccination are highly protective (>95% protection). Long-term protection following nasal vaccination in teleosts has not been evaluated. The goal of this study was to assess efficacy and immune responses at 6 months (mo) post-vaccination (mpv), and long-lasting immune responses at 12 mpv of two different vaccines: an inactivated enteric red mouth disease (ERM) Yersinia ruckeri bacterin and a live attenuated infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) vaccine. Juvenile rainbow trout were vaccinated for Y. ruckeri via intraperitoneal (I.P.) and intranasal (I.N.) routes, and for IHNV by intramuscular (I.M.) and I.N. routes, then challenged at 6 mpv. Immune responses were determined at 6 and 12 mpv. ERM vaccine I.P. delivery elicited significantly higher serum IgM-specific titers that remained elevated compared to mock-vaccinated fish at 6 mpv. By 12 mpv, antibody titers to Y. ruckeri were not significantly different across all treatments. Following Y. ruckeri challenge at 6 mpv, a significant difference in cumulative percent mortality (CPM) was found for I.P.-vaccinated fish but not I.N.-vaccinated fish. I.M. and I.N. vaccination with live attenuated IHNV did not result in significant specific serum IgM titers at 6 or 12 mpv. Yet, I.N.-vaccinated fish showed the lowest CPM 6 mpv indicating long-term protection that does not correlate with systemic IgM responses. Repertoire analyses confirmed unique expansions of VH-JH rearrangements in the spleen of rainbow trout 12 mpv that varied with the type of vaccine and route of vaccination. Combined, these data demonstrate that I.N. vaccination with a live attenuated viral vaccine confers long lasting protection, but I.N. ERM vaccination does not and booster before 6 mpv is recommended.
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19
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Han Q, Hu Y, Lu Z, Wang J, Chen H, Mo Z, Luo X, Li A, Dan X, Li Y. Study on the characterization of grouper (Epinephelus coioides) immunoglobulin T and its positive cells. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 118:102-110. [PMID: 34481975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs) play a vital role in the adaptive immunity of gnathostomes. IgT, a particular Ig class in teleost fishes, receives much attention concerning the mucosal immunity. While, the characteristic and function of Epinephelus coioides IgT is still unknown. In our study, a polyclonal antibody was first prepared with grouper IgT heavy chain recombinant protein. IgT was revealed to be polymeric in serum and mucus. In normal groupers, IgT had high expression level in head kidney and spleen, while little amount in gills, thymus, gut and liver. The number of IgT-positive cells in different tissues was in line with their IgT expression. Furthermore, IgT could coat fractional bacteria in the mucus. In conclusion, this research revealed the protein characteristic, basal expression and bacterial coverage of grouper IgT. This is the first study to identify the characteristic of grouper IgT and demonstrate the capacity of coating microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yingtong Hu
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zijun Lu
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiule Wang
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zequan Mo
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaochun Luo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueming Dan
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yanwei Li
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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20
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Kitiyodom S, Yata T, Thompson KD, Costa J, Elumalai P, Katagiri T, Temisak S, Namdee K, Rodkhum C, Pirarat N. Immersion Vaccination by a Biomimetic-Mucoadhesive Nanovaccine Induces Humoral Immune Response of Red Tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) against Flavobacterium columnare Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111253. [PMID: 34835184 PMCID: PMC8624005 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immersion vaccination with a biomimetic mucoadhesive nanovaccine has been shown to induce a strong mucosal immune response against columnaris disease, a serious bacterial disease in farmed red tilapia caused by Flavobacterium columnare. However, the induction of a systemic immune response by the vaccine is yet to be investigated. Here, we examine if a specific humoral immune response is stimulated in tilapia by a biomimetic-mucoadhesive nanovaccine against Flavobacterium columnare using an indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and the expression of immune-related genes within the head-kidney and spleen, together with assessing the relative percent survival of vaccinated fish after experimentally infecting them with F. columnare. The anti-IgM antibody titer of fish at 14 and 21 days post-vaccination was significantly higher in chitosan complex nanoemulsion (CS-NE) vaccinated fish compared to fish vaccinated with the formalin-killed vaccine or control fish, supporting the serum bactericidal activity results at these time points. The cumulative mortality of the unvaccinated control fish was 87% after challenging fish with the pathogen, while the cumulative mortality of the CS-NE vaccinated group was 24%, which was significantly lower than the formalin-killed vaccinated and control fish. There was a significant upregulation of IgM, IgT, TNF α, and IL1-β genes in the spleen and kidney of vaccinated fish. Significant upregulation of IgM and IgT genes was observed in the spleen of CS-NE vaccinated fish. The study confirmed the charged-chitosan-based mucoadhesive nanovaccine to be an effective platform for immersion vaccination of tilapia, with fish generating a humoral systemic immune response against columnaris disease in vaccinated fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikorn Kitiyodom
- Wildlife Exotic Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Teerapong Yata
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK;
- Correspondence: (K.D.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Janina Costa
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi 682506, Kerala, India;
| | - Takayuki Katagiri
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Course of Aquatic Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan;
| | - Sasithon Temisak
- Bio Analysis Group, Chemical Metrology and Biometry Department, National Institute of Metrology (NIMT), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Katawut Namdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Wildlife Exotic Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (K.D.T.); (N.P.)
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21
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Holzer AS, Piazzon MC, Barrett D, Bartholomew JL, Sitjà-Bobadilla A. To React or Not to React: The Dilemma of Fish Immune Systems Facing Myxozoan Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734238. [PMID: 34603313 PMCID: PMC8481699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxozoans are microscopic, metazoan, obligate parasites, belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. In contrast to the free-living lifestyle of most members of this taxon, myxozoans have complex life cycles alternating between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Vertebrate hosts are primarily fish, although they are also reported from amphibians, reptiles, trematodes, mollusks, birds and mammals. Invertebrate hosts include annelids and bryozoans. Most myxozoans are not overtly pathogenic to fish hosts, but some are responsible for severe economic losses in fisheries and aquaculture. In both scenarios, the interaction between the parasite and the host immune system is key to explain such different outcomes of this relationship. Innate immune responses contribute to the resistance of certain fish strains and species, and the absence or low levels of some innate and regulatory factors explain the high pathogenicity of some infections. In many cases, immune evasion explains the absence of a host response and allows the parasite to proliferate covertly during the first stages of the infection. In some infections, the lack of an appropriate regulatory response results in an excessive inflammatory response, causing immunopathological consequences that are worse than inflicted by the parasite itself. This review will update the available information about the immune responses against Myxozoa, with special focus on T and B lymphocyte and immunoglobulin responses, how these immune effectors are modulated by different biotic and abiotic factors, and on the mechanisms of immune evasion targeting specific immune effectors. The current and future design of control strategies for myxozoan diseases is based on understanding this myxozoan-fish interaction, and immune-based strategies such as improvement of innate and specific factors through diets and additives, host genetic selection, passive immunization and vaccination, are starting to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Holzer
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Damien Barrett
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jerri L Bartholomew
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
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22
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Castro R, Navelsaker S, Collet B, Jouneau L, Bochet P, Quillet E, Evensen Ø, Sunyer JO, Fillatreau S, Bruhns P, Rose T, Huetz F, Boudinot P. Cutting Edge: Neutralizing Public Antibody Responses Are an Ancient Form of Defense Conserved in Fish and Mammals. J Immunol 2021; 207:371-375. [PMID: 34233911 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The repertoire of Abs is generated by genomic rearrangements during B cell differentiation. Although V(D)J rearrangements lead to repertoires mostly different between individuals, recent studies have shown that they contain a substantial fraction of overrepresented and shared "public" clones. We previously reported a strong public IgHμ clonotypic response against the rhabdovirus viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in a teleost fish. In this study, we identified an IgL chain associated with this public response that allowed us to characterize its functionality. We show that this public Ab response has a potent neutralizing capacity that is typically associated with host protection during rhabdovirus infections. We also demonstrate that the public response is not restricted to a particular trout isogenic line but expressed in multiple genetic backgrounds and may be used as a marker of successful vaccination. Our work reveals that public B cell responses producing generic Abs constitute a mechanism of protection against infection conserved across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Castro
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sofie Navelsaker
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bertrand Collet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pascal Bochet
- Bioimage Analysis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology (I2H), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR 1222 INSERM, Paris, France; and
| | - Thierry Rose
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM 1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - François Huetz
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR 1222 INSERM, Paris, France; and
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France;
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23
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Muthupandian A, Waly D, Magor BG. Do ectothermic vertebrates have a home in which to affinity mature their antibody responses? Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 119:104021. [PMID: 33482240 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been a longstanding question of whether affinity maturation occurs in ectotherms, and if it does, where in tissues this happens. Although cold-blooded vertebrates (ectotherms) lack histologically discernible germinal centers, they have a fully functional Ig gene mutator enzyme (activation-induced cytidine deaminase: AID or Aicda). Protein and Ig cDNA transcript analyses provide evidence that ectotherms can, under certain conditions, demonstrate antibody affinity maturation, and somatic hypermutation of their Ig genes during secondary immune responses. Here, we review the evidence for antibody affinity maturation and somatic hypermutation of Ig V(D)J exons. We argue that past evidence of long-term intact antigen retention, and recent studies of in situ expression of AID transcripts, point to fish melanomacrophage clusters as sites functionally analogous to a germinal center. Recent work in zebrafish provides a way forward to test these predictions through V(D)J repertoire analyses on isolated, intact melanomacrophage clusters. This work has implications not only for vaccine use in aquaculture, but also for antibody affinity maturation processes in all ectothermic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muthupandian
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G-2E5, Canada
| | - D Waly
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G-2E5, Canada
| | - B G Magor
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G-2E5, Canada.
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24
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Perdiguero P, Morel E, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Individual B cells transcribe multiple rearranged immunoglobulin light chains in teleost fish. iScience 2021; 24:102615. [PMID: 34142062 PMCID: PMC8188548 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells express a unique antibody protein which comprises two pairs of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) and light (L) chains. In addition to an invariable constant (C) region, IgH and IgL chains encompass a variable (V) region mediating antigen binding. This unique region stems from Ig V(D)J gene recombination, which generates diversity by assembling these gene segments into VHDJH and VLJL genes. To ensure that one B cell only expresses one antibody, VHDJH rearrangement occurs only in one IgH locus (allelic exclusion), whereas VLJL rearrangement only in either the κ or λ locus (isotype exclusion). However, teleosts express multiple IgLs encoded by distinct CL genes. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we have demonstrated the transcription of distinct rearranged VLJLCL genes in single rainbow trout B cells. Our results highlight the laxity of isotype exclusion in teleosts and strongly suggest that fish B cells can produce antibodies of different specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Perdiguero
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
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25
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Magadan S, Mondot S, Palti Y, Gao G, Lefranc MP, Boudinot P. Genomic analysis of a second rainbow trout line (Arlee) leads to an extended description of the IGH VDJ gene repertoire. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 118:103998. [PMID: 33450314 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technologies brought a renewed interest for immune repertoires. Fish Ab and B cell repertoires are no exception, and their comprehensive analysis can both provide new insights into poorly understood immune mechanisms, and identify markers of protection after vaccination. However, the lack of genomic description and standardized nomenclature of IG genes hampers accurate annotation of Ig mRNA deep sequencing data. Complete genome sequences of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout (Swanson line) recently allowed us to establish a comprehensive and coherent annotation of Salmonid IGH genes following IMGT standards. Here we analyzed the IGHV, D, and J genes from the newly released genome of a second rainbow trout line (Arlee). We confirmed the validity of salmonid IGHV subgroups, and extended the description of the rainbow trout IGH gene repertoire with novel sequences, while keeping nomenclature continuity. This work provides an important resource for annotation of high-throughput Ab repertoire sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Magadan
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Stanislas Mondot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Yniv Palti
- USDA-ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Guangtu Gao
- USDA-ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Marie Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM), Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), UMR9002 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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26
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Piazzon MC, Mladineo I, Dirks RP, Santidrián Yebra-Pimentel E, Hrabar J, Sitjà-Bobadilla A. Ceratothoa oestroides Infection in European Sea Bass: Revealing a Long Misunderstood Relationship. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645607. [PMID: 33777043 PMCID: PMC7991915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratothoa oestroides (Cymothoidea, Isopoda) is a generalist crustacean parasite that negatively affects the economic sustainability of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) aquaculture in the North-East Mediterranean. While mortalities are observed in fry and fingerlings, infection in juvenile and adult fish result in approximately 20% growth delay. A transcriptomic analysis (PCR array, RNA-Seq) was performed on organs (tongue, spleen, head kidney, and liver) from infected vs. Ceratothoa-free sea bass fingerlings. Activation of local and systemic immune responses was detected, particularly in the spleen, characterized by the upregulation of cytokines (also in the tongue), a general reshaping of the immunoglobulin (Ig) response and suppression of T-cell mediated responses. Interestingly, starvation and iron transport and metabolism genes were strongly downregulated, suggesting that the parasite feeding strategy is not likely hematophagous. The regulation of genes related to growth impairment and starvation supported the growth delay observed in infected animals. Most differentially expressed (DE) transcripts were exclusive of a specific organ; however, only in the tongue, the difference between infected and uninfected fish was significant. At the attachment/feeding site, the pathways involved in muscle contraction and intercellular junction were the most upregulated, whereas the pathways involved in fibrosis (extracellular matrix organization, collagen formation, and biosynthesis) were downregulated. These results suggest that parasite-inflicted damage is successfully mitigated by the host and characterized by regenerative processes that prevail over the reparative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia.,Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Ron P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jerko Hrabar
- Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
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27
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Quddos F, Zwollo P. A BCWD-Resistant line of rainbow trout is less sensitive to cortisol implant-induced changes in IgM response as compared to a susceptible (control) line. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 116:103921. [PMID: 33212092 PMCID: PMC7796912 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In salmonids, stress responses increase cortisol levels and disease susceptibility, including to Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp), the causative agent of BCWD. A BCWD-resistant line (R-line) of rainbow trout was used here to investigate potential differences in immunoglobulin response after a combined treatment of cortisol and Fp, as compared to a susceptible (S-line) control line. Expression of membrane and secreted immunoglobulin heavy chains mu and tau were determined by RT-qPCR in spleen and anterior kidney. Cortisol treatment did not affect B cell development in the anterior kidney, but delayed IgM responses at the early stage of infection in the spleen of both lines. An earlier IgM response was a determining factor in differential disease progression between resistant- and susceptible fish after Fp-challenge. S-line fish had a delayed and exacerbated IgM response after cortisol implant indicative of a detrimental cycle of sustained IgM responses and high pathogen loads. In contrast, R-line fish had delayed but milder, and protective IgM responses and cleared pathogen successfully. Fp challenge after cortisol implant increased serum cortisol levels on days 3 and 5 compared to mock treatments in S-line fish, but only on day 3 in R-line. Hence, combined cortisol treatment and Fp challenge differentially modulated B cell activation and Fp loads in BCWD-resistant and susceptible lines of rainbow trout. We propose that under conditions of increased stress, BCWD-resistant fish may remain immunologically better equipped to respond to infections compared to BCWD susceptible fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Quddos
- Department of Biology, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Patty Zwollo
- Department of Biology, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
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28
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Velázquez J, Rodríguez A, Aragón H, Haidar A, González M, Valdés R, Garay HE, Abreu DD, Ramos Y, Cabrales A, Morales A, González O, Herrera F, Estrada MP, Carpio Y. Monoclonal antibody against Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) IgM heavy chain: A valuable tool for detection and quantification of IgM and IgM + cells. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 110:44-54. [PMID: 33348037 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish, which is extensively cultivated worldwide and constitutes one of the model species for the study of fish immunology. Monoclonal antibodies are very advantageous molecular tools for studying teleost immune system. Specifically, monoclonal antibodies that react with immunoglobulins are used successfully in the study of the humoral immune response of several fish species. In the present study, we produced and characterized a monoclonal antibody against tilapia IgM heavy chain using a peptide-based strategy. The peptide sequence was selected from the surface-exposed region between CH3-CH4 domains. The specificity of the polyclonal serum and the hybridoma culture supernatant obtained by immunization with the peptide conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin were evaluated by western blotting, both showing reactivity against tilapia serum IgM. The purified mAb was able to recognize secreted IgM by western blotting and ELISA and membrane IgM by flow cytometry. We also demonstrated that the antibody doesn't cross-react with a recombinant IgT fragment. This tool allowed us to study for the first time the stimulation of mucosal immunity after Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide administration. Overall, the results demonstrated the utility of this mAb to characterize humoral immune response in O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Velázquez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Alianet Rodríguez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Hasel Aragón
- Monoclonal Antibodies Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Arlette Haidar
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Marcos González
- Monoclonal Antibodies Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Rodolfo Valdés
- Monoclonal Antibodies Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Hilda Elsa Garay
- Peptides Synthesis Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - David Diago Abreu
- Peptides Synthesis Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Proteomics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Ania Cabrales
- Analytic and Purification Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Antonio Morales
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Osmany González
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Fidel Herrera
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba.
| | - Yamila Carpio
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba.
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29
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Muñoz-Atienza E, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Systemic and Mucosal B and T Cell Responses Upon Mucosal Vaccination of Teleost Fish. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622377. [PMID: 33664735 PMCID: PMC7921309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mucosal vaccines against pathogens is currently a highly explored area of research in both humans and animals. This is due to the fact that mucosal vaccines have the potential to best elicit protective responses at these mucosal surfaces, which represent the frontline of host defense, thus blocking the pathogen at its initial replication sites. However, in order to provide an efficient long-lasting protection, these mucosal vaccines have to be capable of eliciting an adequate systemic immune response in addition to local responses. In aquaculture, the need for mucosal vaccines has further practical implications, as these vaccines would avoid the individual manipulation of fish out of the water, being beneficial from both an economic and animal welfare point of view. However, how B and T cells are organized in teleost fish within these mucosal sites and how they respond to mucosally delivered antigens varies greatly when compared to mammals. For this reason, it is important to establish which mucosally delivered antigens have the capacity to induce strong and long-lasting B and T cell responses. Hence, in this review, we have summarized what is currently known regarding the adaptive immune mechanisms that are induced both locally and systemically in fish after mucosal immunization through different routes of administration including oral and nasal vaccination, anal intubation and immersion vaccination. Finally, based on the data presented, we discuss how mucosal vaccination strategies could be improved to reach significant protection levels in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
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30
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Abstract
Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins which are produced as membrane-bound receptors on B-cells or in a secreted form, known as antibodies. In teleosts, three immunoglobulin isotypes, IgM, IgT, and IgD, are present, each comprising two identical heavy and two identical light polypeptide chains. The basic mechanisms for generation of immunoglobulin diversity are similar in teleosts and higher vertebrates. The B-cell pre-immune repertoire is diversified by VDJ recombination, junctional flexibility, addition of nucleotides, and combinatorial association of light and heavy chains, while the post-immune repertoire undergoes somatic hypermutation during clonal expansion. Typically, the teleost immunoglobulin heavy chain gene complex has a modified translocon arrangement where the Dτ-Jτ-Cτ cluster of IgT is generally located between the variable heavy chain (VH) region and the Dμ/δ-Jμ/δ-Cμ-Cδ gene segments, or within the set of VH gene segments. However, multiple genome duplication and deletion events and loss of some individual genes through evolution has complicated the IgH gene organization. The IgH gene arrangement allows the expression of either IgT or IgM/IgD. Alternative splicing is responsible for the regulation of IgM/IgD expression and the secreted versus transmembrane forms of IgT, IgD, and IgM. The overall structure of IgM and IgT is usually conserved across species, whereas IgD has a large variety of structures. IgM is the main effector molecule in both systemic and mucosal immunity and shows a broad range of concentrations in different teleost species. Although IgM is usually present in higher concentrations under normal conditions, IgT is considered the main mucosal Ig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Bilal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Angela Etayo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Hordvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Xu Z, Takizawa F, Casadei E, Shibasaki Y, Ding Y, Sauters TJC, Yu Y, Salinas I, Sunyer JO. Specialization of mucosal immunoglobulins in pathogen control and microbiota homeostasis occurred early in vertebrate evolution. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/44/eaay3254. [PMID: 32034088 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although mammalian secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) targets mucosal pathogens for elimination, its interaction with the microbiota also enables commensal colonization and homeostasis. This paradoxical requirement in the control of pathogens versus microbiota raised the question of whether mucosal (secretory) Igs (sIgs) evolved primarily to protect mucosal surfaces from pathogens or to maintain microbiome homeostasis. To address this central question, we used a primitive vertebrate species (rainbow trout) in which we temporarily depleted its mucosal Ig (sIgT). Fish devoid of sIgT became highly susceptible to a mucosal parasite and failed to develop compensatory IgM responses against it. IgT depletion also induced a profound dysbiosis marked by the loss of sIgT-coated beneficial taxa, expansion of pathobionts, tissue damage, and inflammation. Restitution of sIgT levels in IgT-depleted fish led to a reversal of microbial translocation and tissue damage, as well as to restoration of microbiome homeostasis. Our findings indicate that specialization of sIgs in pathogen and microbiota control occurred concurrently early in evolution, thus revealing primordially conserved principles under which primitive and modern sIgs operate in the control of microbes at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Elisa Casadei
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Shibasaki
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas J C Sauters
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yongyao Yu
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Lahnsteiner F. Differences in immune components of blood, spleen and head kidney between diploid and auto- and allotriploid Salmonidae. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101445. [PMID: 33099197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Immune components were investigated in peripheral blood and in spleen and head kidney of autotriploid Salmo trutta f. lacustris, Salvelinus fontinalis, and Salvelinus umbla, and of allotriploid hybrids of S. trutta f. lacustris x Onchorynchus mykiss and S. fontinalis x O. mykiss in comparison to their diploid parents. In peripheral blood the number of lymphocytes was reduced in all investigated autotriploids and in the allotriploid S. trutta f. lacustris x O.mykiss, and the numbers of thrombocytes in autotriploid S. trutta f. lacustris and in both allotriploids. Alternative pathway of complement activity and immunoglobulin concentration were significantly decreased in all investigated auto- and allotriploids, lysozyme activity in autotriploid S. fontinalis and in both allotriploids. In the spleen of the 3 autotriploids the number of erythrocytes was increased, while the number of lymphoid precursor cells was decreased. In their head kidney the erythrocytes numbers were decreased and the numbers of erythropoietic precursor cells and the melanomacrophage centers were increased. Contrary, cytology of spleen and head kidney of the two allotriploid hybrids was similar to diploid controls. Caspase 1, caspase 6, lysozyme, and acid phosphatase activity and immunoglobulin concentration of spleen and head kidney showed specific changes which were related to cytological results. These data indicate alterations in immune system and in lymphoid organs of auto- and allotriploid Salmonidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Lahnsteiner
- Federal Agency for Water Management, Institute for Water Ecology, Fisheries and Lake Research, Scharfling 18, A-5310 Mondsee, Fishfarm Kreuzstein, Oberburgau 28, 4866, Unterach, Austria
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Perdiguero P, Martín-Martín A, Benedicenti O, Díaz-Rosales P, Morel E, Muñoz-Atienza E, García-Flores M, Simón R, Soleto I, Cerutti A, Tafalla C. Teleost IgD +IgM - B Cells Mount Clonally Expanded and Mildly Mutated Intestinal IgD Responses in the Absence of Lymphoid Follicles. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4223-4235.e5. [PMID: 31875534 PMCID: PMC6941218 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is an ancient antibody with dual membrane-bound and fluid-phase antigen receptor functions. The biology of secreted IgD remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that teleost IgD+IgM− plasmablasts constitute a major lymphocyte population in some mucosal surfaces, including the gut mucosa. Remarkably, secreted IgD binds to gut commensal bacteria, which in turn stimulate IgD gene transcription in gut B cells. Accordingly, secreted IgD from gut as well as gill mucosae, but not the spleen, show a V(D)J gene configuration consistent with microbiota-driven clonal expansion and diversification, including mild somatic hypermutation. By showing that secreted IgD establishes a mutualistic relationship with commensals, our findings suggest that secreted IgD may play an evolutionary conserved role in mucosal homeostasis. IgD+IgM− B cells constitute the main non-IgT B cell subset in rainbow trout guts Gut IgD responses establish a two-way interaction with the local microbiota Mucosal but not splenic IgD undergoes clonal expansion and diversification Despite the lack of germinal centers, mucosal IgD is mildly mutated in rainbow trout
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Perdiguero
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Martín-Martín
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rocío Simón
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Soleto
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain.
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Picard-Sánchez A, Estensoro I, Perdiguero P, Del Pozo R, Tafalla C, Piazzon MC, Sitjà-Bobadilla A. Passive Immunization Delays Disease Outcome in Gilthead Sea Bream Infected With Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa), Despite the Moderate Changes in IgM and IgT Repertoire. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581361. [PMID: 33013935 PMCID: PMC7516018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunization constitutes an emerging field of interest in aquaculture, particularly with the restrictions for antibiotic use. Enteromyxum leei is a myxozoan intestinal parasite that invades the paracellular space of the intestinal epithelium, producing a slow-progressing disease, leading to anorexia, cachexia and mortalities. We have previously demonstrated that gilthead sea bream (GSB, Sparus aurata) that survive E. leei infection become resistant upon re-exposure, and this resistance is directly related to the presence of high levels of specific IgM in serum. Thus, the current work was aimed to determine if passive immunization could help to prevent enteromyxosis in GSB and to study in detail the nature of these protective antibodies. Serum from a pool of resistant (SUR) or naïve (NAI) animals was intracoelomically injected 24 h prior to the E. leei-effluent challenge and at 9 days post-challenge (dpc). Effluent challenge lasted for 23 days, and then the injected groups were allocated in separate tanks with clean water. A non-lethal parasite diagnosis was performed at 56 dpc. At the final sampling (100 dpc), blood, serum and tissues were collected for histology, molecular diagnosis and the detection of circulating antibodies. In parallel, we performed an immunoglobulin repertoire analysis of the fish generating SUR and NAI sera. The results showed that, fish injected with parasite-specific antibodies (spAbs) became infected with the parasite, but showed lower disease signs and intensity of infection than the other groups, indicating a later establishment of the parasite. Repertoire analysis revealed that E. leei induced a polyclonal expansion of diverse IgM and IgT subsets that could be in part an evasion strategy of the parasite. Nonetheless, GSB was able to produce sufficient levels of parasite-spAbs to avoid re-infection of surviving animals and confer certain degree of protection upon passive transfer of antibodies. These results highlight the crucial role of spAb responses against E. leei and set the basis for the development of effective treatment or prophylactic methods for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Picard-Sánchez
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Itziar Estensoro
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Del Pozo
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | | | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
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Bakke AF, Bjørgen H, Koppang EO, Frost P, Afanasyev S, Boysen P, Krasnov A, Lund H. IgM+ and IgT+ B Cell Traffic to the Heart during SAV Infection in Atlantic Salmon. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E493. [PMID: 32878234 PMCID: PMC7563723 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells of teleost fish differentiate in the head kidney, and spleen, and either remain in the lymphatic organs or move to the blood and peripheral tissues. There is limited knowledge about piscine B cell traffic to sites of vaccination and infection and their functional roles at these sites. In this work, we examined the traffic of B cells in Atlantic salmon challenged with salmonid alphavirus (SAV). In situ hybridization (RNAScope) showed increased numbers of immunoglobin (Ig)M+ and IgT+ B cells in the heart in response to SAV challenge, with IgM+ B cells being most abundant. An increase in IgT+ B cells was also evident, indicating a role of IgT+ B cells in nonmucosal tissues and systemic viral infections. After infection, B cells were mainly found in the stratum spongiosum of the cardiac ventricle, colocalizing with virus-infected myocardial-like cells. From sequencing the variable region of IgM in the main target organ (heart) and comparing it with a major lymphatic organ (the spleen), co-occurrence in antibody repertoires indicated a transfer of B cells from the spleen to the heart, as well as earlier recruitment of B cells to the heart in vaccinated fish compared to those that were unvaccinated. Transcriptome analyses performed at 21 days post-challenge suggested higher expression of multiple mediators of inflammation and lymphocyte-specific genes in unvaccinated compared to vaccinated fish, in parallel with a massive suppression of genes involved in heart contraction, metabolism, and development of tissue. The adaptive responses to SAV in vaccinated salmon appeared to alleviate the disease. Altogether, these results suggest that migration of B cells from lymphatic organs to sites of infection is an important part of the adaptive immune response of Atlantic salmon to SAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Flore Bakke
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway; (A.F.B.); (H.B.); (E.O.K.); (P.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Håvard Bjørgen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway; (A.F.B.); (H.B.); (E.O.K.); (P.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway; (A.F.B.); (H.B.); (E.O.K.); (P.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Petter Frost
- MSD Animal Health Innovation AD, Thormøhlens Gate 55, 5006 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Sergey Afanasyev
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Torez 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia;
| | - Preben Boysen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway; (A.F.B.); (H.B.); (E.O.K.); (P.B.); (H.L.)
| | | | - Hege Lund
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway; (A.F.B.); (H.B.); (E.O.K.); (P.B.); (H.L.)
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36
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Lefranc MP, Lefranc G. Immunoglobulins or Antibodies: IMGT ® Bridging Genes, Structures and Functions. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E319. [PMID: 32878258 PMCID: PMC7555362 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics® information system founded in 1989 by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université de Montpellier and CNRS), marked the advent of immunoinformatics, a new science at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. For the first time, the immunoglobulin (IG) or antibody and T cell receptor (TR) genes were officially recognized as 'genes' as well as were conventional genes. This major breakthrough has allowed the entry, in genomic databases, of the IG and TR variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) genes and alleles of Homo sapiens and of other jawed vertebrate species, based on the CLASSIFICATION axiom. The second major breakthrough has been the IMGT unique numbering and the IMGT Collier de Perles for the V and constant (C) domains of the IG and TR and other proteins of the IG superfamily (IgSF), based on the NUMEROTATION axiom. IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms and concepts bridge genes, sequences, structures and functions, between biological and computational spheres in the IMGT® system (Web resources, databases and tools). They provide the IMGT Scientific chart rules to identify, to describe and to analyse the IG complex molecular data, the huge diversity of repertoires, the genetic (alleles, allotypes, CNV) polymorphisms, the IG dual function (paratope/epitope, effector properties), the antibody humanization and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System, Laboratoire d’ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, Université de Montpellier UM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, CEDEX 5, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Lefranc
- IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System, Laboratoire d’ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, Université de Montpellier UM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, CEDEX 5, 34396 Montpellier, France
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Park G, Burroughs-Garcia J, Foster CA, Hasan A, Borga C, Frazer JK. Zebrafish B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: new findings in an old model. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1292-1305. [PMID: 32341750 PMCID: PMC7170496 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric, and ninth most common adult, cancer. ALL can develop in either B or T lymphocytes, but B-lineage ALL (B-ALL) exceeds T-ALL clinically. As for other cancers, animal models allow study of the molecular mechanisms driving ALL. Several zebrafish (Danio rerio) T-ALL models have been reported, but until recently, robust D. rerio B-ALL models were not described. Then, D. rerio B-ALL was discovered in two related zebrafish transgenic lines; both were already known to develop T-ALL. Here, we report new B-ALL findings in one of these models, fish expressing transgenic human MYC (hMYC). We describe B-ALL incidence in a large cohort of hMYC fish, and show B-ALL in two new lines where T-ALL does not interfere with B-ALL detection. We also demonstrate B-ALL responses to steroid and radiation treatments, which effect ALL remissions, but are usually followed by prompt relapses. Finally, we report gene expression in zebrafish B lymphocytes and B-ALL, in both bulk samples and single B- and T-ALL cells. Using these gene expression profiles, we compare differences between the two new D. rerio B-ALL models, which are both driven by transgenic mammalian MYC oncoproteins. Collectively, these new data expand the utility of this new vertebrate B-ALL model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilseung Park
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jessica Burroughs-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Clay A Foster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ameera Hasan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chiara Borga
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - J Kimble Frazer
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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38
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Rego K, Bengtén E, Wilson M, Hansen JD, Bromage ES. Characterization of immunoglobulin light chain utilization and variable family diversity in rainbow trout. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 104:103566. [PMID: 31837380 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study characterizes immunoglobulin light chain (IgL) expression and variable family usage in rainbow trout. IgL transcripts were generated by 5' RACE from both immune and TNP-KLH immunized fish. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the IgL variable regions clustered into seven different families: three kappa families (two newly described in this study), three sigma families, and a single lambda family. IgL1 and IgL3 transcripts expressing identical variable regions were identified and genomic analysis revealed that the two isotypes are co-localized on chromosomes 7, 15, 18, and 21 allowing for potential rearrangement between clusters. Fish were immunized with TNP-KLH (n = 5) and percent expression of IgL1, IgL2, IgL3, and IgL4 measured by qRT-PCR from immune tissues and magnetically sorted TNP-specific lymphocyte populations. In all samples IgL1 constituted 80-95% of the transcripts. The percentage of anti-TNP specific IgL1 transcripts was measured in naïve, unsorted, and TNP-specific cell populations of TNP-KLH fish (n = 3) and found to be significantly higher in the TNP positive cell population (21%) compared to the naïve population (1%; p = 0.02) suggesting that there is a selection of TNP specific IgL sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rego
- Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Eva Bengtén
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Melanie Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - John D Hansen
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin S Bromage
- Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA.
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Wei G, Cai S, Wu Y, Ma S, Huang Y. Immune effect of Vibrio harveyi formalin-killed cells vaccine combined with chitosan oligosaccharide and astragalus polysaccharides in ♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×♂Epinephelus lanceolatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:186-192. [PMID: 31926291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is the pathogen causing vibriosis in marine-cultured animals, leading to massive deaths in farmed grouper around the world. It is urgent to develop an effective vaccine to prevent vibriosis. In the previous study, we developed a V. harveyi formalin-killed cells vaccine (FKC), and sought an effective adjuvant for enhancing the immune efficacy of vaccine. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immune responses and protective effect of FKC combined with chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) or Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) in the pearl gentian grouper♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂E. lanceolatus. The results indicated the vaccine triggered a remarkably higher expression levels of IL-1β, IL-16, TNF-α, MHC-Iα and IgM in the kidney and spleen of groupers post-vaccination. Antibody titers, lysozyme, catalase, superoxide dismutase and total protein were significantly elevated in the vaccinated fish compared with those in the control. The experimental groupers were challenged intraperitoneally by V. harveyi at 35 d post-vaccination, and the relative percentage of survival (RPS) of group FKC + COS, FKC + APS, COS, APS and FKC were 80%, 72%, 52%, 47% and 55%, respectively. These results demonstrated COS and APS was the potential adjuvants for FKC against V. harveyi in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangben Wei
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuanghu Cai
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuanzhi Wu
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaohong Ma
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yucong Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
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40
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Magadán S. Adaptive immune receptor repertoires, an overview of this exciting field. Immunol Lett 2020; 221:49-55. [PMID: 32113899 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune response in jawed vertebrates relies on the huge diversity and specificity of the B cell and T cell antigen receptors, the immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies and the T cell receptors (TR), respectively. The high level of diversity has represented a barrier to a comprehensive analysis of the adaptive immune response before the emergence of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies. The size and complexity of HTS data requires the generation of novel computational and analytical approaches, which are transforming how the adaptive immune responses are deciphered to understand the clonal dynamics and properties of antigen-specific B and T cells in response to different kind of antigens. This exciting and rapidly evolving field is not only impacting human and clinical immunology but also comparative immunology. We are now closer to understanding the evolution of adaptive immune response in jawed vertebrates. This review provides an overview about classical and current strategies developed to assess the IG/TR diversity and their applications in basic and clinical immunology.
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Li C, Yu J, Ai K, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Wei X, Yang J. IκBα phosphorylation and associated NF-κB activation are essential events in lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and anti-bacterial adaptive immune response of Nile tilapia. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 103:103526. [PMID: 31655126 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory protein IκBα plays a crucial role in the inflammatory process and immune response by regulating the activity of transcription factor NF-κB. In teleost, great progress has been achieved regarding NF-κB signaling for innate immunity, but whether this pathway modulates adaptive immunity, and how, remains largely unclear. In this study, after characterizing the sequence, structure, and phylogeny of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus IκBα (defined as On-IκBα), we investigated the association between IκBα-regulated NF-κB activation and the lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immune response in Nile tilapia. We found that On-IκBα was evolutionarily conserved, and its mRNA was expressed widely in various tissues, with most abundance in the trunk kidney. mRNA expression of On-IκBα was significantly upregulated in spleen at both innate and adaptive immune stages after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Moreover, phosphorylation of On-IκBα and the downstream On-NF-κB p65 was obviously elevated in spleen leukocytes at 3, 5, or 8 days after A. hydrophila infection, indicating the activation of NF-κB signaling. Correlating with the augmented protein phosphorylation, leukocyte proliferation was enhanced during the same immune stage, suggesting the potential association of IκBα and IκBα-regulated NF-κB signaling in the primary adaptive immune response. Although lymphocyte activation by the T cell-specific mitogen PHA did not alter On-IκBα mRNA expression significantly, lymphocyte activation by the agonist PMA obviously elevated On-IκBα and OnNF-κB p65 phosphorylation in spleen leukocytes. Together, the results suggest that IκBα phosphorylation and its regulated NF-κB activation are essential events associated with lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and anti-bacterial adaptive immune response in Nile tilapia. Our study aids to understand the regulatory mechanism of adaptive immunity in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junkun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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42
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Granja AG, Perdiguero P, Martín-Martín A, Díaz-Rosales P, Soleto I, Tafalla C. Rainbow Trout IgM + B Cells Preferentially Respond to Thymus-Independent Antigens but Are Activated by CD40L. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2902. [PMID: 31921163 PMCID: PMC6927014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of class switch recombination and germinal centers, the mechanisms through which B cells from teleost fish mount extrafollicular immunoglobulin M (IgM) memory responses remains mostly unexplored. In this report, we demonstrate that teleost IgM+ B cells respond to CD40L, a thymus-dependent activation signal, similarly to mammalian B2 cells. However, when stimulated with different types of antigens, fish IgM+ B cells only reach a general activation state in response to antigens cataloged as thymus-independent 1 (TI-1) in mammals, as established through both functional assays and RNA sequencing. Interestingly, fish IgM+ B cells remained completely unresponsive to TI-2 antigens, suggesting that the engagement of innate receptors provided by TI-1 antigens is required for the activation of teleost B cells. Finally, a synergy between CD40L and TI-1 antigens was also demonstrated, further supporting that there is no clear dichotomy between thymus-dependent and TI responses in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor G Granja
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Irene Soleto
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Navelsaker S, Magadan S, Jouneau L, Quillet E, Olesen NJ, Munang'andu HM, Boudinot P, Evensen Ø. Sequential Immunization With Heterologous Viruses Does Not Result in Attrition of the B Cell Memory in Rainbow Trout. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2687. [PMID: 31824488 PMCID: PMC6882293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term immunity is of great importance for protection against pathogens and has been extensively studied in mammals. Successive heterologous infections can affect the maintenance of immune memory, inducing attrition of T memory cells and diminishing B cell mediated protection. In fish, the basis of immune memory and the mechanisms of immunization to heterologous pathogens remain poorly understood. We sequentially immunized isogenic rainbow trout with two immunologically distinct viruses, VHSV and IPNV, either with one virus only or in combination, and analyzed the antibody responses and repertoires. Neutralizing antibodies and ELISPOT did not reveal an effect of heterologous immunization. Using a consensus read sequencing approach that incorporates unique barcodes to each cDNA molecule, we focused on the diversity expressed by selected responding VH/C combinations. We identified both public and private responses against VHSV and/or IPNV in all groups of fish. In fish immunized with two viruses, we registered no significant reduction in the persistence of the response toward the primary immunization. Similarly, the response to the second immunization was not affected by a prior vaccination to the other virus. Our data suggest that heterologous immunization does not enforce attrition of pre-existing antibody producing cells, which may impair the protection afforded by multiple successive vaccinations. These observations are potentially important to improve vaccination strategies practiced in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Navelsaker
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susana Magadan
- VIM, INRA Centre Jouy-en-Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luc Jouneau
- VIM, INRA Centre Jouy-en-Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Niels J Olesen
- DTU Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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44
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Magadan S, Krasnov A, Hadi-Saljoqi S, Afanasyev S, Mondot S, Lallias D, Castro R, Salinas I, Sunyer O, Hansen J, Koop BF, Lefranc MP, Boudinot P. Standardized IMGT® Nomenclature of Salmonidae IGH Genes, the Paradigm of Atlantic Salmon and Rainbow Trout: From Genomics to Repertoires. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2541. [PMID: 31798572 PMCID: PMC6866254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In teleost fish as in mammals, humoral adaptive immunity is based on B lymphocytes expressing highly diverse immunoglobulins (IG). During B cell differentiation, IG loci are subjected to genomic rearrangements of V, D, and J genes, producing a unique antigen receptor expressed on the surface of each lymphocyte. During the course of an immune response to infections or immunizations, B cell clones specific of epitopes from the immunogen are expanded and activated, leading to production of specific antibodies. Among teleost fish, salmonids comprise key species for aquaculture. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are especially important from a commercial point of view and have emerged as critical models for fish immunology. The growing interest to capture accurate and comprehensive antibody responses against common pathogens and vaccines has resulted in recent efforts to sequence the IG repertoire in these species. In this context, a unified and standardized nomenclature of salmonid IG heavy chain (IGH) genes is urgently required, to improve accuracy of annotation of adaptive immune receptor repertoire dataset generated by high-throughput sequencing (AIRRseq) and facilitate comparisons between studies and species. Interestingly, the assembly of salmonids IGH genomic sequences is challenging due to the presence of two large size duplicated IGH loci and high numbers of IG genes and pseudogenes. We used data available for Atlantic salmon to establish an IMGT standardized nomenclature of IGH genes in this species and then applied the IMGT rules to the rainbow trout IGH loci to set up a nomenclature, which takes into account the specificities of Salmonid loci. This unique, consistent nomenclature for Salmonid IGH genes was then used to construct IMGT sequence reference directories allowing accurate annotation of AIRRseq data. The complex issues raised by the genetic diversity of salmon and trout strains are discussed in the context of IG repertoire annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Magadan
- Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Department of Biology, Center of Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Aleksei Krasnov
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Saida Hadi-Saljoqi
- IMGT®, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System® (IMGT), Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM), Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sergey Afanasyev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislas Mondot
- MICALIS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Delphine Lallias
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rosario Castro
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Irene Salinas
- Department of Biology, Center of Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Oriol Sunyer
- Pathobiology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Hansen
- Western Fisheries Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ben F. Koop
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System® (IMGT), Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM), Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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45
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Yu YY, Kong WG, Xu HY, Huang ZY, Zhang XT, Ding LG, Dong S, Yin GM, Dong F, Yu W, Cao JF, Meng KF, Liu X, Fu Y, Zhang XZ, Zhang YA, Sunyer JO, Xu Z. Convergent Evolution of Mucosal Immune Responses at the Buccal Cavity of Teleost Fish. iScience 2019; 19:821-835. [PMID: 31499339 PMCID: PMC6734174 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The buccal mucosa (BM) is a critical first line of defense in terrestrial animals. To gain further insights into the evolutionary origins and primordial roles of BM in teleosts here we show that rainbow trout, a teleost fish, contains a diffuse mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) within its buccal cavity. Upon parasite infection, a fish immunoglobulin specialized in mucosal immunity (sIgT) was induced to a high degree, and parasite-specific sIgT responses were mainly detected in the buccal mucus. Moreover, we show that the trout buccal microbiota is prevalently coated with sIgT. Overall our findings revealed that the MALT is present in the BM of a non-tetrapod species. As fish IgT and mucus-producing cells are evolutionarily unrelated to mammalian IgA and salivary glands, respectively, our findings indicate that mucosal immune responses in the BM of teleost fish and tetrapods evolved through a process of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei-Guang Kong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hao-Yue Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Huang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Li-Guo Ding
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Guang-Mei Yin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Fen Dong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jia-Feng Cao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Kai-Feng Meng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xue-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
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46
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Magadan S, Jouneau L, Boudinot P, Salinas I. Nasal Vaccination Drives Modifications of Nasal and Systemic Antibody Repertoires in Rainbow Trout. J Immunol 2019; 203:1480-1492. [PMID: 31413108 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bony fish represent the most basal vertebrate branch with a dedicated mucosal immune system, which comprises immunologically heterogeneous microenvironments armed with innate and adaptive components. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) was recently described as a diffuse network of myeloid and lymphoid cells located in the olfactory organ of fish. Several studies have demonstrated high levels of protection conferred by nasal vaccines against viral and bacterial pathogens; however, the mechanisms underlying the observed protection are not well understood. We applied 5'RACE and a deep sequencing-based approach to investigate the clonal structure of the systemic and mucosal rainbow trout B cell repertoire. The analysis of Ig repertoire in control trout suggests different structures of IgM and IgT spleen and NALT repertoires, with restricted repertoire diversity in NALT. Nasal and injection vaccination with a bacterial vaccine revealed unique dynamics of IgM and IgT repertoires at systemic and mucosal sites and the remarkable ability of nasal vaccines to induce spleen Ig responses. Our findings provide an important immunological basis for the effectiveness of nasal vaccination in fish and other vertebrate animals and will help the design of future nasal vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Magadan
- Center of Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.,Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain; and
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - Irene Salinas
- Center of Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131;
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47
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Hodgkinson JW, Belosevic M, Elks PM, Barreda DR. Teleost contributions to the understanding of mycobacterial diseases. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 96:111-125. [PMID: 30776420 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Few pathogens have shaped human medicine as the mycobacteria. From understanding biological phenomena driving disease spread, to mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions and antibiotic resistance, the Mycobacterium genus continues to challenge and offer insights into the basis of health and disease. Teleost fish models of mycobacterial infections have progressed significantly over the past three decades, now supplying a range of unique tools and new opportunities to define the strategies employed by these Gram-positive bacteria to overcome host defenses, as well as those host antimicrobial pathways that can be used to limit its growth and spread. Herein, we take a comparative perspective and provide an update on the contributions of teleost models to our understanding of mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Hodgkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip M Elks
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Infection and Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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48
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Castro R, Coll J, Blanco MDM, Rodriguez-Bertos A, Jouneau L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Gibello A. Spleen and head kidney differential gene expression patterns in trout infected with Lactococcus garvieae correlate with spleen granulomas. Vet Res 2019; 50:32. [PMID: 31046823 PMCID: PMC6498643 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is a significant pathogen in aquaculture with a potential zoonotic risk. To begin to characterize the late immune response of trout to lactococcosis, we selected infected individuals showing clinical signs of lactococcosis. At the time lactococcosis clinical signs appeared, infection by L. garvieae induced a robust inflammatory response in the spleen of rainbow trout, which correlated with abundant granulomatous lesions. The response in kidney goes in parallel with that of spleen, and most of the gene regulations are similar in both organs. A correlation existed between the early inflammatory granulomas in spleen (containing macrophages with internalized L. garvieae) and up-regulated gene sets, which defined the presence of macrophages and neutrophils. This is the first analysis of the immune transcriptome of rainbow trout following L. garvieae infection during the initiation of adaptive immune mechanisms and shows a transcriptome induction of antibody response by both IgM (+) and IgT (+) spleen B cells to respond to systemic infection. These results increase our understanding of lactococcosis and pave the way for future research to improve control measures of lactococcosis on fish farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Castro
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julio Coll
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Bertos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,VISAVET Animal Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luc Jouneau
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,VISAVET Animal Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gibello
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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49
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Pei C, Sun X, Zhang Y, Li L, Gao Y, Wang L, Kong X. Molecular cloning, expression analyses of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor gene and its variants in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and binding assay of the recombinant immunoglobulin-like domains. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 88:472-479. [PMID: 30880232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor (pIgR) gene has been proved to play an important role in transporting polymeric immunoglobulin (Ig) in the mucosal tissues of mammals. pIgR gene also exists in teleost, but the genetic diversity and functions of this gene still need to be further explored. We obtained seven grass carp pIgR splicing transcripts, a full-length pIgR (CipIgR-1) and six truncated variants (CipIgR-2 to CipIgR-7). The full-length pIgR contained two immunoglobulin-like domains (ILD), a transmembrane domain (TMD) and a cytoplasmic domain (CyD). The CipIgR-2 lacked a small part in CyD, and CipIgR-3 lost TMD and CyD. Partial cDNA sequences of the other four grass carp pIgR variants (CipIgR-4 to CipIgR-7) were also cloned. The total expression levels of CipIgR and its variants in different tissues were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The highest expression was found in the intestine, followed by the spleen and the skin. The function of the two extracellular ILDs of CipIgR was investigated based on its combining capacity with grass carp immunoglobulin M (IgM) and aquatic pathogenic bacteria. The cDNA sequences of two ILDs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Recombinant ILDs protein was purified and incubated with different bacteria respectively. Results of Western blot showed the recombinant protein could combine Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Escherichia coli. In addition, binding activity of rILDs with grass carp IgM was detected. Collectively, these results indicated that multiple variants of pIgR gene in grass carp might be involved in the antibacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pei
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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Dahle MK, Jørgensen JB. Antiviral defense in salmonids - Mission made possible? Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 87:421-437. [PMID: 30708056 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases represent one of the major threats for salmonid aquaculture. Survival from viral infections are highly dependent on host innate antiviral immune defense, where interferons are of crucial importance. Neutralizing antibodies and T cell effector mechanisms mediate long-term antiviral protection. Despite an immune cell repertoire comparable to higher vertebrates, farmed fish often fail to mount optimal antiviral protection. In the quest to multiply and spread, viruses utilize a variety of strategies to evade or escape the host immune system. Understanding the specific interplay between viruses and host immunity at depth is crucial for developing successful vaccination and treatment strategies in mammals. However, this knowledge base is still limited for pathogenic fish viruses. Here, we have focused on five RNA viruses with major impact on salmonid aquaculture: Salmonid alphavirus, Infectious salmon anemia virus, Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, Piscine orthoreovirus and Piscine myocarditis virus. This review explore the protective immune responses that salmonids mount to these viruses and the existing knowledge on how the viruses counteract and/or bypass the immune response, including their IFN antagonizing effects and their mechanisms to establish persisting infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Dahle
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway; Department of Fish Health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
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