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Aguilar-Díaz H, Quiroz-Castañeda RE, Díaz-Esquivel IG, Cossío-Bayúgar R, Miranda-Miranda E. A Novel Rhipicephalus microplus Estrogen Related Receptor (RmERR), a Molecular and In Silico Characterization of a Potential Protein Binding Estrogen. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2294. [PMID: 37764138 PMCID: PMC10536290 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for targets to control ticks and tick-borne diseases has been an ongoing problem, and so far, we still need efficient, non-chemical alternatives for this purpose. This search must consider new alternatives. For example genomics analysis is a widely applied tool in veterinary health studies to control pathogens. On the other hand, we propose that regulation of endocrine mechanisms represents a feasible alternative to biologically controlling tick infestations. Thus, we performed the molecular identification of an estrogen-related receptor gene of Rhipicephalus microplus called RmERR by RT-PCR in tick ovaries, embryonic cells, and hemolymph, which allowed us to analyze its expression and propose potential functions in endocrine mechanisms and developmental stages. In addition, we performed an in silico characterization to explore the molecular interactions of RmERR with different estrogens, estrogenic antagonists, and endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA), finding potential interactions predicted by docking analysis and supported by negative values of ΔG (which suggests the potential interaction of RmERR with the molecules evaluated). Additionally, phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that RmERR is grouped with other tick species but is phylogenetically distant from host vertebrates' ERRs. In summary, this study allowed for the identification of an ERR in cattle tick R. microplus for the first time and suggested its interaction with different estrogens, supporting the idea of a probable transregulation process in ticks. The elucidation of this interaction and its mechanisms unveiled its potential as a target to develop tick control strategies.
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Wen H, Lu C, Zhang M, Qi X. A real-world disproportionality analysis of ospemifene: data mining of the public version of FDA adverse event reporting system. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023; 22:1133-1142. [PMID: 37578751 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2247971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ospemifene has been authorized for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). This study wasto evaluate adverse events (AEs) associated with ospemifene by data mining the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS The signals of AEs linked to ospemifene were measured using disproportionality analyses, such as the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) algorithms. RESULTS There were 2283 events of ospemifene being the 'primary suspected (PS)' AE out of the 12,692,824 reports from the FAERS database. Ospemifene-induced AEs hit 25 organ systems. There were 726 severely disproportional preferred terms (PTs) that complied with the four algorithms. The investigation turned up a number of anticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and significant unanticipated ADRs linked to eye and renal problems were found, indicating potential side effects not yet included in the prescription instructions. CONCLUSION We detected novel AEs signals for ospemifene, and the results of our investigation were compatible with clinical observations. This suggests that further prospective clinical trials are required to confirm these findings and demonstrate their link. Our findings might be useful supporting data for ospemifene safety research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingling Qi
- Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ehtezazi T, Rahman K, Davies R, Leach AG. The Pathological Effects of Circulating Hydrophobic Bile Acids in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:173-211. [PMID: 36994114 PMCID: PMC10041467 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have revealed that the serum levels of toxic hydrophobic bile acids (deoxy cholic acid, lithocholic acid [LCA], and glycoursodeoxycholic acid) are significantly higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) when compared to control subjects. The elevated serum bile acids may be the result of hepatic peroxisomal dysfunction. Circulating hydrophobic bile acids are able to disrupt the blood-brain barrier and promote the formation of amyloid-β plaques through enhancing the oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid. Hydrophobic bile acid may find their ways into the neurons via the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. It has been shown that hydrophobic bile acids impose their pathological effects by activating farnesoid X receptor and suppressing bile acid synthesis in the brain, blocking NMDA receptors, lowering brain oxysterol levels, and interfering with 17β-estradiol actions such as LCA by binding to E2 receptors (molecular modelling data exclusive to this paper). Hydrophobic bile acids may interfere with the sonic hedgehog signaling through alteration of cell membrane rafts and reducing brain 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol. This article will 1) analyze the pathological roles of circulating hydrophobic bile acids in the brain, 2) propose therapeutic approaches, and 3) conclude that consideration be given to reducing/monitoring toxic bile acid levels in patients with AD or aMCI, prior/in combination with other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhys Davies
- The Walton Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Canivenc-Lavier MC, Bennetau-Pelissero C. Phytoestrogens and Health Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36678189 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are literally estrogenic substances of plant origin. Although these substances are useful for plants in many aspects, their estrogenic properties are essentially relevant to their predators. As such, phytoestrogens can be considered to be substances potentially dedicated to plant-predator interaction. Therefore, it is not surprising to note that the word phytoestrogen comes from the early discovery of estrogenic effects in grazing animals and humans. Here, several compounds whose activities have been discovered at nutritional concentrations in animals and humans are examined. The substances analyzed belong to several chemical families, i.e., the flavanones, the coumestans, the resorcylic acid lactones, the isoflavones, and the enterolignans. Following their definition and the evocation of their role in plants, their metabolic transformations and bioavailabilities are discussed. A point is then made regarding their health effects, which can either be beneficial or adverse depending on the subject studied, the sex, the age, and the physiological status. Toxicological information is given based on official data. The effects are first presented in humans. Animal models are evoked when no data are available in humans. The effects are presented with a constant reference to doses and plausible exposure.
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Huang J, Chen L, Wu J, Ai D, Zhang JQ, Chen TG, Wang L. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in the Treatment of Human Diseases: Current Status, Trends, and Solutions. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16033-16061. [PMID: 36503229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is one of the most important intracellular pathways involved in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and survival. Therefore, this route is a prospective biological target for treating various human diseases, such as tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, and diabetes. An increasing number of clinical studies emphasize the necessity of developing novel molecules targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This review focuses on recent advances in ATP-competitive inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors, covalent inhibitors, and proteolysis-targeting chimeras against the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and highlights possible solutions for overcoming the toxicities and acquired drug resistance of currently available drugs. We also provide recommendations for the future design and development of promising drugs targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangxia Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daiqiao Ai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 109, Building C, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Kim T, Kim HI, Oh H, Jeon Y, Shin H, Kim HS, Lim J, Lim C, Yoo J, Suh YG, Son WS, Choi HJ, Kim SH. Discovery of new ERRγ agonists regulating dopaminergic neuronal phenotype in SH-SY5Y cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105716. [PMID: 35303621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of small molecules that regulate specific neuronal phenotypes is important for the development of new therapeutic candidates for neurological diseases. Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), an orphan nuclear receptor widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), is closely related to the regulation of neuronal metabolism and differentiation. We previously reported that upregulation of ERRγ could enhance dopaminergic neuronal phenotypes in the neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of new ERRγ agonists using the X-ray crystal structure of the GSK4716-bound ERRγ complex and known synthetic ligands. Our new ERRγ agonists exhibited increased transcriptional activities of ERRγ. In addition, our molecular docking results supported the experimental findings for ERRγ agonistic activity of the potent analogue, 5d. Importantly, 5d not only enhanced the expression of dopaminergic neuronal-specific molecules, TH and DAT but also activated the relevant signaling events, such as the CREB-mediated signaling pathway. The results of the present study may provide useful clues for the development of novel ERRγ agonists for neurological diseases related to the dopaminergic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo In Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejun Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsu Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jakyung Yoo
- D5 Therapeutics, A703, Hyundai-JisikSanEop Center, 3 Godeung-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13105, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Son
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea.
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Fernández-Aparicio Á, Schmidt-RioValle J, García PA, González-Jiménez E. Short Breastfeeding Duration is Associated With Premature Onset of Female Breast Cancer. Clin Nurs Res 2022; 31:901-908. [PMID: 35075913 DOI: 10.1177/10547738211069725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is controversy concerning potential factors that contribute to the development of breast cancer. Our study analyzed the possible association between weight status, cigarette consumption, lactation period, serum estrogen levels, family history of breast cancer, and age at breast cancer diagnosis. We conducted a retrospective study at a University Hospital in Granada (Spain) by consulting the medical records of 524 women aged 19 to 91 years, all of them diagnosed and treated for breast cancer from 2011 to 2019. Our findings indicated that in non-morbidly obese females who were also non-smokers, a maternal lactation period of more than 3 months (p = .013) and the absence of family antecedents of cancer (p = .025) were statistically significant factors that led to a more advanced age at breast cancer diagnosis. Thus, maternal lactation seems to have a potential protective effect on breast cancer.
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Schüler-Toprak S, Weber F, Skrzypczak M, Ortmann O, Treeck O. Expression of estrogen-related receptors in ovarian cancer and impact on survival. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2555-2567. [PMID: 34089362 PMCID: PMC8310835 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study further approaches the role of estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) in ovarian cancer. Protein expression of ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ in ovarian cancer was assessed and was correlated with ovarian cancer markers, steroid hormone receptors and cancer-associated genes. Additionally, we examined to what extent expression of ERRs affects survival of ovarian cancer patients. METHODS For this purpose, we established a tissue microarray from 208 ovarian cancer patients and performed immunohistochemical analyses of the mentioned proteins. RESULTS ERRα and ERRγ protein could be detected at different levels in more than 90% of all ovarian cancer tissues, whereas expression of ERRβ was observed in 82.2% of the cases. ERRα was found to positively correlate with ovarian cancer marker CEA (p < 0.005) and ERRγ correlated with ERα (p < 0.001). Univariate survival analyses revealed that ERRα expression did not affect overall (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) of ovarian cancer patients. In contrast, higher expression of ERRβ in serous ovarian cancers was found to lead to a significantly decreased OS (p < 0.05). The strongest impact on survival was exhibited by ERRγ. Lower expression of this receptor in women with serous ovarian cancers indicated significantly increased OS compared to those with higher levels of ERRγ (p < 0.05). Multivariate survival analyses revealed ERRγ as an independent prognostic marker regarding OS of patients with serous ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrating that ERR proteins are frequently expressed in ovarian cancer and high levels of ERRβ and ERRγ significantly decreased OS of serous ovarian cancer patients suggest that these proteins might be interesting therapy targets in this cancer entity.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/mortality
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism
- Endometrial Neoplasms/mortality
- Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schüler-Toprak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef Strauß Allee11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Skrzypczak
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Treeck
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Kurosaki K, Uesawa Y. Molecular Initiating Events Associated with Drug-Induced Liver Malignant Tumors: An Integrated Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and Toxicity Predictions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:944. [PMID: 34202146 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver malignant tumors (LMTs) represent a serious adverse drug event associated with drug-induced liver injury. Increases in endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have attracted attention in recent years, due to their liver function-inhibiting abilities. Exposure to EDCs can induce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which are major etiologies of LMTs, through interaction with nuclear receptors (NR) and stress response pathways (SRs). Therefore, exposure to potential EDC drugs could be associated with drug-induced LMTs. However, the drug classes associated with LMTs and the molecular initiating events (MIEs) that are specific to these drugs are not well understood. In this study, using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, we detected LMT-inducing drug signals based on adjusted odds ratios. Furthermore, based on the hypothesis that drug-induced LMTs are triggered by NR and SR modulation of potential EDCs, we used the quantitative structure-activity relationship platform for toxicity prediction to identify potential MIEs that are specific to LMT-inducing drug classes. Events related to cell proliferation and apoptosis, DNA damage, and lipid accumulation were identified as potential MIEs, and their relevance to LMTs was supported by the literature. The findings of this study may contribute to drug development and research, as well as regulatory decision making.
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Díaz M, Lobo F, Hernández D, Amesty Á, Valdés-Baizabal C, Canerina-Amaro A, Mesa-Herrera F, Soler K, Boto A, Marín R, Estévez-Braun A, Lahoz F. FLTX2: A Novel Tamoxifen Derivative Endowed with Antiestrogenic, Fluorescent, and Photosensitizer Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105339. [PMID: 34069498 PMCID: PMC8161337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is the most widely used selective modulator of estrogen receptors (SERM) and the first strategy as coadjuvant therapy for the treatment of estrogen-receptor (ER) positive breast cancer worldwide. In spite of such success, tamoxifen is not devoid of undesirable effects, the most life-threatening reported so far affecting uterine tissues. Indeed, tamoxifen treatment is discouraged in women under risk of uterine cancers. Recent molecular design efforts have endeavoured the development of tamoxifen derivatives with antiestrogen properties but lacking agonistic uterine tropism. One of this is FLTX2, formed by the covalent binding of tamoxifen as ER binding core, 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) as the florescent dye, and Rose Bengal (RB) as source for reactive oxygen species. Our analyses demonstrate (1) FLTX2 is endowed with similar antiestrogen potency as tamoxifen and its predecessor FLTX1, (2) shows a strong absorption in the blue spectral range, associated to the NBD moiety, which efficiently transfers the excitation energy to RB through intramolecular FRET mechanism, (3) generates superoxide anions in a concentration- and irradiation time-dependent process, and (4) Induces concentration- and time-dependent MCF7 apoptotic cell death. These properties make FLTX2 a very promising candidate to lead a novel generation of SERMs with the endogenous capacity to promote breast tumour cell death in situ by photosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Díaz
- Departamento Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.B.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fernando Lobo
- Programa Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (F.L.); (Á.A.); (C.V.-B.)
| | - Dácil Hernández
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ángel Amesty
- Programa Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (F.L.); (Á.A.); (C.V.-B.)
- Instituto Universitario de Bioorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Catalina Valdés-Baizabal
- Programa Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (F.L.); (Á.A.); (C.V.-B.)
- Departamento Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ana Canerina-Amaro
- Departamento Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Departamento Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Kevin Soler
- Departamento Física, IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Alicia Boto
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.B.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Raquel Marín
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.B.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Departamento Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Instituto Universitario de Bioorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fernando Lahoz
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.B.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Departamento Física, IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
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Li H, Xu J, Li X, Hu Y, Liao Y, Zhou W, Song Z. Anti-inflammatory activity of psoralen in human periodontal ligament cells via estrogen receptor signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8754. [PMID: 33888745 PMCID: PMC8062431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoralen is one of the most effective ingredients extracted from the Chinese herb, Psoralea corylifolia L. Studies have found that psoralen has anti-inflammatory and estrogen-like effects; however, little research has been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects. Through the molecule docking assay, psoralen was found to have a better combination with ERα than ERβ. In human periodontal ligament cells, psoralen was found to upregulate the estrogen target genes (e.g., CTSD, PGR, TFF1) and down-regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) stimulated by P. gingivalis LPS, as well as TLR4-IRAK4-NF-κb signaling pathway proteins. These effects were reversed by the ER antagonist ICI 182780. These results indicated that psoralen may exert anti-inflammatory effects as an agonist to ER, which could provide a theoretical basis for the use of psoralen for adjuvant therapy and prevention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxiao Li
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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12
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Liu SL, Wu XS, Li FN, Yao WY, Wu ZY, Dong P, Wang XF, Gong W. ERRα promotes pancreatic cancer progression by enhancing the transcription of PAI1 and activating the MEK/ERK pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3622-3643. [PMID: 33294258 PMCID: PMC7716152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), an orphan nuclear receptor, was reported to be highly associated with the progression and tumorigenesis of several human malignancies. However, the biological role and underlying molecular mechanisms of ERRα in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unknown. The present study demonstrated that ERRα was significantly overexpressed in PC tissues and cell lines. Its high expression was correlated with tumor size, distant metastasis, TNM stage, tumor differentiation and poor prognosis of PC. Subsequent functional assays showed that ERRα promoted PC cell proliferation, tumor growth, as well as migration and invasion via activating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, knockdown of ERRα induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in PC cells. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) was identified by RNA sequencing, knockdown of which could suppress the cell proliferation, migration and invasion that promoted by ERRα overexpression. Further mechanistic investigation using chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that ERRα could bind to the PAI1 promoter region and transcriptionally enhance PAI1 expression. Moreover, our data indicated that ERRα played its oncogenic role in PC via activating the MEK/ERK pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates that ERRα promotes PC progression by enhancing the transcription of PAI1 and activation of the MEK/ERK pathway, pointing to ERRα as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng-Nan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Yan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zi-You Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchNo. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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13
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Park SA, Sung NJ, Choi BJ, Kim W, Kim SH, Surh YJ. Gremlin-1 augments the oestrogen-related receptor α signalling through EGFR activation: implications for the progression of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:988-999. [PMID: 32572171 PMCID: PMC7493948 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gremlin-1 (GREM1), one of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonists, is involved in organogenesis, tissue differentiation and kidney development. However, the role of GREM1 in cancer progression and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS The role of GREM1 in breast cancer progression was assessed by measuring cell viability, colony formation, 3D tumour spheroid formation/invasion and xenograft tumour formation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, a luciferase reporter assay and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the molecular events in which GREM1 is involved. RESULTS GREM1 expression was elevated in breast cancer cells and tissues obtained from breast cancer patients. Its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, especially those with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumours. GREM1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells and xenograft mammary tumour growth, while its overexpression enhanced their viability, growth and invasiveness. Oestrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), an orphan nuclear hormone receptor, directly interacted with the GREM1 promoter and increased the expression of GREM1. GREM1 also enhanced the promoter activity of ESRRA encoding ERRα, comprising a positive feedback loop. Notably, GREM1 bound to and activated EGFR, a well-known upstream regulator of ERRα. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the GREM1-ERRα axis can serve as a potential therapeutic target in the management of cancer, especially ER-negative tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Aye Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Nam Ji Sung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Bae-Jung Choi
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Wonki Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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14
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Torrens-Mas M, Pons DG, Sastre-Serra J, Oliver J, Roca P. Sexual hormones regulate the redox status and mitochondrial function in the brain. Pathological implications. Redox Biol 2020; 31:101505. [PMID: 32201220 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to other organs, the brain is especially exposed to oxidative stress. In general, brains from young females tend to present lower oxidative damage in comparison to their male counterparts. This has been attributed to higher antioxidant defenses and a better mitochondrial function in females, which has been linked to neuroprotection in this group. However, these differences usually disappear with aging, and the incidence of brain pathologies increases in aged females. Sexual hormones, which suffer a decrease with normal aging, have been proposed as the key factors involved in these gender differences. Here, we provide an overview of redox status and mitochondrial function regulation by sexual hormones and their influence in normal brain aging. Furthermore, we discuss how sexual hormones, as well as phytoestrogens, may play an important role in the development and progression of several brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, stroke or brain cancer. Sex hormones are reduced with aging, especially in females, affecting redox balance. Normal aging is associated to a worse redox homeostasis in the brain. Young females show better mitochondrial function and higher antioxidant defenses. Development of brain pathologies is influenced by sex hormones and phytoestrogens.
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Siewierska K, Malicka I, Kobierzycki C, Grzegrzolka J, Piotrowska A, Paslawska U, Cegielski M, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P, Wozniewski M. Effect of Physical Training on the Levels of Sex Hormones and the Expression of Their Receptors in Rats With Induced Mammary Cancer in Secondary Prevention Model - Preliminary Study. In Vivo 2020; 34:495-501. [PMID: 32111746 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. In previous work, we presented results of physical activity in primary prevention in a model of induced mammary gland cancer. In the present study, we assessed the influence of physical activity on sex hormone levels (estradiol and progesterone) and the expression of their receptors (ER, PR), as well as the level of apoptosis of tumor cells in secondary prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty 1-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of 180 mg/kg body weight of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) for tumor induction. Three months after the administration of MNU, rats were divided into four groups: low-intensity, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity physical training groups (combined as PT) and a sedentary control (SC) group. Physical training was conducted 5 days per week with a three-position treadmill according to a precisely described protocol. The entire training was completed by 32 rats from which tissue and blood were collected for further analysis. Immunohistochemistry for ER and PR expression, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling method for detection of apoptosis, and enzyme-linked fluorescent assay for detection of plasma hormone levels (estradiol and progesterone) were performed. Statistical analysis used p<0.05 as the significance level. RESULTS Significantly stronger expression of ER and PR was found in the SC in comparison to the PT group (p=0.035 and p=0.036, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found in estradiol or progesterone concentrations between SC and PT groups. Apoptosis was non-significantly increased in the PT group in comparison with the SC group. Stronger apoptosis in the PT group correlated positively with the level of training intensity (r=0.35, p=0.05). CONCLUSION Physical training may reduce ER and PR expression in breast cancer cells, and reduce cell sensitivity to pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of estrogens, ultimately leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Siewierska
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Malicka
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Christopher Kobierzycki
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Grzegrzolka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Paslawska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs, and Cats, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Cegielski
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okolow
- Division of Ultrastructure Research, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland.,Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wozniewski
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
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Lu G, Xu X, Li G, Sun H, Wang N, Zhu Y, Wan N, Shi Y, Wang G, Li L, Hao H, Ye H. Subresidue-Resolution Footprinting of Ligand-Protein Interactions by Carbene Chemistry and Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:947-956. [PMID: 31769969 PMCID: PMC7394559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of ligand-protein interactions is essential for understanding fundamental biological processes and for the rational design of drugs that target such processes. Carbene footprinting efficiently labels proteinaceous residues and has been used with mass spectrometry (MS) to map ligand-protein interactions. Nevertheless, previous footprinting studies are typically performed at the residue level, and therefore, the resolution may not be high enough to couple with conventional crystallography techniques. Herein we developed a subresidue footprinting strategy based on the discovery that carbene labeling produces subresidue peptide isomers and the intensity changes of these isomers in response to ligand binding can be exploited to delineate ligand-protein topography at the subresidue level. The established workflow combines carbene footprinting, extended liquid chromatographic separation, and ion mobility (IM)-MS for efficient separation and identification of subresidue isomers. Analysis of representative subresidue isomers located within the binding cleft of lysozyme and those produced from an amyloid-β segment have both uncovered structural information heretofore unavailable by residue-level footprinting. Lastly, a "real-world" application shows that the reactivity changes of subresidue isomers at Phe399 can identify the interactive nuances between estrogen-related receptor α, a potential drug target for cancer and metabolic diseases, with its three ligands. These findings have significant implications for drug design. Taken together, we envision the subresidue-level resolution enabled by IM-MS-coupled carbene footprinting can bridge the gap between structural MS and the more-established biophysical tools and ultimately facilitate diverse applications for fundamental research and pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Gongyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Huiyong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yinxue Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ning Wan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yatao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Haiping Hao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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17
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Tuasha N, Petros B. Heterogeneity of Tumors in Breast Cancer: Implications and Prospects for Prognosis and Therapeutics. Scientifica (Cairo) 2020; 2020:4736091. [PMID: 33133722 PMCID: PMC7568790 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4736091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in women comprising 16% of all female cancers. The disease shows high intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges with unpredictable clinical outcome and response to existing therapy. Mounting evidence is ascertaining that breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation, progression, recurrence, evolution, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therapeutics selectively targeting the CSCs based on distinct surface molecular markers and enhanced intracellular activities of these cells continue to evolve and hold significant promise. Having plethora of heterogeneity accompanied with failure of existing conventional therapeutics and poor prognosis, the present review focuses on elucidating the main signaling pathways in breast CSCs as major therapeutic targets. The role of developments in nanomedicine and miRNA as targeted delivery of therapeutic anticancer agents is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigatu Tuasha
- Addis Ababa University, College of Natural Science, Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Beyene Petros
- Addis Ababa University, College of Natural Science, Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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18
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Ye X, Guo J, Zhang H, Meng Q, Ma Y, Lin R, Yi X, Lu H, Bai X, Cheng J. The enhanced expression of estrogen-related receptor α in human bladder cancer tissues and the effects of estrogen-related receptor α knockdown on bladder cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13841-13852. [PMID: 30977157 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) belongs to the superfamily of nuclear orphan receptors. However, the role of ERRα in bladder cancer remains unknown. This study examined the expression of ERRα in bladder cancer tissues and explored the molecular mechanisms of ERRα in bladder cancer progression. The expression of ERRα in bladder cancer tissues from 61 patients was determined by immunohistochemistry. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the gene expression levels and carried out Western blot assay to measure protein levels. In vitro functional assays, including colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell invasion, and migration assays, were performed to detect bladder cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and migration, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell apoptotic rate of bladder cancer cells. Among the 61 detected bladder cancer tissues, 39 bladder cancer tissues showed positive ERRα immunoreactivity. Higher ERRα immunoreactivity score was significantly associated with TNM stage, tumor grade, distant metastasis, and poor survival in patients with bladder cancer. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that ERRα immunoreactivity was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with bladder cancer. ERRα was found to be upregulated in bladder cancer cell lines, and knockdown of ERRα suppressed bladder cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and migration; promoted bladder cancer cell apoptosis; and inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells. On the other hand, bladder cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were significantly enhanced after cells were transfected with an ERRα-overexpressing vector. In vivo tumor growth and metastasis assays showed that ERRα knockdown resulted in remarkable inhibition of tumor growth and tumor metastasis in nude mice. Collectively, our results suggest that the enhanced expression of ERRα may play a key role in the development and progression of bladder cancer and ERRα may serve as an important prognostic factor for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqing Ye
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinan Guo
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen Minimally Invasive Engineering Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinggui Meng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianlin Yi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haoyuan Lu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianzhong Bai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Webb M, Sideris DP, Biddle M. Modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction for treatment of disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1270-1277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Kumari K, Adhya AK, Rath AK, Reddy PB, Mishra SK. Estrogen-related receptors alpha, beta and gamma expression and function is associated with transcriptional repressor EZH2 in breast carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:690. [PMID: 29940916 PMCID: PMC6019302 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orphan nuclear receptors ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ that belong to NR3B or type IV nuclear receptor family are well studied for their role in breast cancer pathophysiology. Their homology with the canonical estrogen receptor dictates their possible contributing role in mammary gland development and disease. Although function and regulation of ERRα, ERRγ and less about ERRβ is reported, role of histone methylation in their altered expression in cancer cells is not studied. Transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors depends on co-regulatory proteins. The present study for the first time gives an insight into regulation of estrogen-related receptors by histone methylation specifically through methyltransferase EZH2 in breast cancer. METHODS Expression of ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ and EZH2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in four identical tissue array slides that were prepared as per the protocol. The array slides were stained with ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ and EZH2 simultaneously. Array data was correlated with expression in MERAV expression dataset. Pearson correlation coeficient r was calculated from the partial matrix expression values available at MERAV database to study the strength of association between EZH2 and three orphan nuclear receptors under study. By western blot and real time PCR, their correlated expression was studied in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, T47D and MDA-MB-453 including normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells at both protein and RNA level. Regulation of ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ by EZH2 was further investigated upon overexpression and silencing of EZH2. The interaction between ERRs and EZH2 was validated in vivo by CHIP-qPCR. RESULTS We found a negative correlation between estrogen-related receptors and Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2, a global repressor gene. Immunohistochemistry in primary breast tumors of different grades showed a correlated expression of estrogen-related receptors and EZH2. Their correlated expression was further validated using online MERAV expression dataset where a negative correlation of variable strengths was observed in breast cancer. Ectopic expression of EZH2 in low EZH2-expressing normal breast epithelial cells abrogated their expression and at the same time, its silencing enhanced the expression of estrogen-related receptors in cancerous cells. Global occupancy of EZH2 on ERRα and ERRβ was observed in-vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings identify EZH2 as a relevant coregulator for estrogen-related receptors in breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kumari
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar. Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Amit K. Adhya
- Department of Pathology, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | | | - P. B. Reddy
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Govt. PG College Ratlam, Ratlam, MP India
| | - Sandip K. Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar. Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
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Singh BK, Sinha RA, Tripathi M, Mendoza A, Ohba K, Sy JAC, Xie SY, Zhou J, Ho JP, Chang CY, Wu Y, Giguère V, Bay BH, Vanacker JM, Ghosh S, Gauthier K, Hollenberg AN, McDonnell DP, Yen PM. Thyroid hormone receptor and ERRα coordinately regulate mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, biogenesis, and function. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaam5855. [PMID: 29945885 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor β1 (THRB1) and estrogen-related receptor α (ESRRA; also known as ERRα) both play important roles in mitochondrial activity. To understand their potential interactions, we performed transcriptome and ChIP-seq analyses and found that many genes that were co-regulated by both THRB1 and ESRRA were involved in mitochondrial metabolic pathways. These included oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and β-oxidation of fatty acids. TH increased ESRRA expression and activity in a THRB1-dependent manner through the induction of the transcriptional coactivator PPARGC1A (also known as PGC1α). Moreover, TH induced mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, and mitophagy in an ESRRA-dependent manner. TH also induced the expression of the autophagy-regulating kinase ULK1 through ESRRA, which then promoted DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission. In addition, ULK1 activated the docking receptor protein FUNDC1 and its interaction with the autophagosomal protein MAP1LC3B-II to induce mitophagy. siRNA knockdown of ESRRA, ULK1, DRP1, or FUNDC1 inhibited TH-induced autophagic clearance of mitochondria through mitophagy and decreased OXPHOS. These findings show that many of the mitochondrial actions of TH are mediated through stimulation of ESRRA expression and activity, and co-regulation of mitochondrial turnover through the PPARGC1A-ESRRA-ULK1 pathway is mediated by their regulation of mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Hormonal or pharmacologic induction of ESRRA expression or activity could improve mitochondrial quality in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh K Singh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhulika Tripathi
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Arturo Mendoza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenji Ohba
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 430-0929, Japan
| | - Jann A C Sy
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sherwin Y Xie
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jin Zhou
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jia Pei Ho
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, C238A Levine Science Research Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 430-0929, Japan
| | - Paul M Yen
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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22
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Chen Y, Zhang Y. Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System to Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1700964. [PMID: 29938175 PMCID: PMC6010891 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that drug resistance is a great obstacle in breast cancer therapy. It renders the disease uncontrollable and causes high mortality. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development of drug resistance, but the underlying cause is usually a shift in the genetic composition of tumor cells. It is increasingly feasible to engineer the genome with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated (Cas)9 technology recently developed, which might be advantageous in overcoming drug resistance. This article discusses how the CRISPR/Cas9 system might revert resistance gene mutations and identify potential resistance targets in drug-resistant breast cancer. In addition, the challenges that impede the clinical applicability of this technology and highlight the CRISPR/Cas9 systems are presented. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is poised to play an important role in preventing drug resistance in breast cancer therapy and will become an essential tool for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinnan Chen
- School of Molecular SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi Province710061P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and EngineeringXi'an710061P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & CommenceXianyang712046P. R. China
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23
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Pang X, Fu W, Wang J, Kang, Xu L, Zhao Y, Liu AL, Du GH. Identification of Estrogen Receptor α Antagonists from Natural Products via In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018:6040149. [PMID: 29861831 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a successful target for ER-positive breast cancer and also reported to be relevant in many other diseases. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) make a good therapeutic effect in clinic. Because of the drug resistance and side effects of current SERMs, the discovery of new SERMs is given more and more attention. Virtual screening is a validated method to high effectively to identify novel bioactive small molecules. Ligand-based machine learning methods and structure-based molecular docking were first performed for identification of ERα antagonist from in-house natural product library. Naive Bayesian and recursive partitioning models with two kinds of descriptors were built and validated based on training set, test set, and external test set and then were utilized for distinction of active and inactive compounds. Totally, 162 compounds were predicted as ER antagonists and were further evaluated by molecular docking. According to docking score, we selected 8 representative compounds for both ERα competitor assay and luciferase reporter gene assay. Genistein, daidzein, phloretin, ellagic acid, ursolic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, kaempferol, and naringenin exhibited different levels for antagonistic activity against ERα. These studies validated the feasibility of machine learning methods for predicting bioactivities of ligands and provided better insight into the natural products acting as estrogen receptor modulator, which are important lead compounds for future new drug design.
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24
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Lynch C, Zhao J, Huang R, Kanaya N, Bernal L, Hsieh JH, Auerbach SS, Witt KL, Merrick BA, Chen S, Teng CT, Xia M. Identification of Estrogen-Related Receptor α Agonists in the Tox21 Compound Library. Endocrinology 2018; 159:744-753. [PMID: 29216352 PMCID: PMC5774247 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor (NR) that plays a role in energy homeostasis and controls mitochondrial oxidative respiration. Increased expression of ERRα in certain ovarian, breast, and colon cancers has a negative prognosis, indicating an important role for ERRα in cancer progression. An interaction between ERRα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) has also recently been shown to regulate an enzyme in the β-oxidation of free fatty acids, thereby suggesting that ERRα plays an important role in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it would be prudent to identify compounds that can act as activators of ERRα. In this study, we screened ∼10,000 (8311 unique) compounds, known as the Tox21 10K collection, to identify agonists of ERRα. We performed this screen using two stably transfected HEK 293 cell lines, one with the ERRα-reporter alone and the other with both ERRα-reporter and PGC-1α expression vectors. After the primary screening, we identified more than five agonist clusters based on compound structural similarity analysis (e.g., statins). By examining the activities of the confirmed ERRα modulators in other Tox21 NR assays, eliminating those with promiscuous NR activity, and performing follow-up assays (e.g., small interfering RNA knockdown), we identified compounds that might act as endocrine disrupters through effects on ERRα signaling. To our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive analysis in discovering potential endocrine disrupters that affect the ERRα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Lynch
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Noriko Kanaya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Lauren Bernal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Kelly Government Solutions, Durham, North Carolina 27560
| | - Scott S. Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Kristine L. Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - B. Alex Merrick
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Christina T. Teng
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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25
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Wang W, Li Z, Wang J, Du M, Li B, Zhang L, Li Q, Xu J, Wang L, Li F, Zhang D, Xu H, Yang L, Gong W, Qiang F, Zhang Z, Xu Z. A functional polymorphism in TFF1 promoter is associated with the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1805-1816. [PMID: 29210057 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1, also named pS2), which serves as the gastrointestinal mucosal protector, is known as gastric-specific tumor suppressor gene. However, the genetic variants of TFF1 are still not well studied. In our study, we aim to explore the effects of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) of TFF1 on risk and prognosis of gastric cancer. Seven tagSNPs of TFF1 gene were first analyzed in the discovery set, which was consisted of 753 cases and 950 cancer-free controls. Then, the validation set (940 cases and 1,042 controls) was used for further evaluation. Moreover, we also tested the relation between these tagSNPs and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). A series of experiments were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. We found that rs3761376 AA in the promoter region of TFF1, could reduce the expression of TFF1 by affecting the binding affinity of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1, ERα), and thereby increased the risk of GC (1.29, 1.08-1.53). Moreover, the rs3761376 AA genotype was also found associated with worse prognosis among patients receiving 5-FU based chemotherapy after surgery (1.71, 1.18-2.48). Further functional assays demonstrated that TFF1 could increase the chemosensitivity of 5-FU by modulating NF-κB targeted genes. These results identified the effect of rs3761376 on TFF1 expression, which accounted for the correlation with susceptibility and prognosis of GC; and this genetic variant may be a potential biomarker to predict the risk and survival of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianghao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weida Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing Tumor Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Fulin Qiang
- Core Laboratory, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Fang Q, Yao S, Luo G, Zhang X. Identification of differentially expressed genes in human breast cancer cells induced by 4-hydroxyltamoxifen and elucidation of their pathophysiological relevance and mechanisms. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2475-2501. [PMID: 29416786 PMCID: PMC5788654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While tamoxifen (TAM) is used for treating estrogen receptor (ER)a-positive breast cancer patients, its anti-breast cancer mechanisms are not completely elucidated. This study aimed to examine effects of 4-hydroxyltamoxifen (4-OH-TAM) on ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer MCF-7 cell growth and gene expression profiles. MCF-7 cell growth was inhibited by 4-OH-TAM dose-dependently with IC50 of 29 μM. 332 genes were up-regulated while 320 genes were down-regulated. The mRNA levels of up-regulated genes including STAT1, STAT2, EIF2AK2, TGM2, DDX58, PARP9, SASH1, RBL2 and USP18 as well as down-regulated genes including CCDN1, S100A9, S100A8, ANXA1 and PGR were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In human breast tumor tissues, mRNA levels of EIF2Ak2, USP18, DDX58, RBL2, STAT2, PGR, S1000A9, and CCND1 were significantly higher in ER+- than in ER--breast cancer tissues. The mRNA levels of EIF2AK2, TGM2, USP18, DDX58, PARP9, STAT2, STAT1, PGR and CCND1 were all significantly higher in ER+-tumor tissues than in their corresponding tumor-adjacent tissues. These genes, except PGR and CCND1 which were down-regulated, were also up-regulated in ER+ MCF-7 cells by 4-OH-TAM. Total 14 genes mentioned above are involved in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycles, and estrogen and interferon signal pathways. Bioinformatics analysis also revealed other novel and important regulatory factors that are associated with these genes and involved in the mentioned functional processes. This study has paved a foundation for elucidating TAM anti-breast cancer mechanisms in E2/ER-dependent and independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Yao
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
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27
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Ning Y, Chen H, Du Y, Ling H, Zhang L, Chen L, Qi H, Shi X, Li Q. A novel compound LingH2-10 inhibits the growth of triple negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo as a selective inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor α. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:913-922. [PMID: 28715872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other breast cancer subtypes, targeted therapies for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have yet to progress past clinical trial stage to approval. Accumulating evidences demonstrated that expression of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) indicated worse prognosis and correlated with poor outcome in breast cancers including TNBC. Therefore, ERRα modulators/regulators may be potential in the therapeutic treatment of breast cancers. In the current study, we presented a novel compound LingH2-10 that bound to ERRα, as identified using a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay (TR-FRET) with the IC50 value of 0.64±0.12μM. Further, functional activity was determined by transient transfection luciferase reporter assay in order to validate the utility of the binding affinity in a cellular context. LingH2-10 showed selective inhibition on ERRα transcriptional activity with the IC50 value of 0.58±0.09μM in cell-based luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, representative in vitro results showed that LingH2-10 suppressed the proliferation of various human cancer cells, and inhibited the migration of triple negative breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231. In addition, our results demonstrated that well known ERRα target genes such as PDK4, Osteopontin and pS2, were all significantly down modulated by LingH2-10. In vivo experiments showed that LingH2-10 (30mg/kg, every other day) observably suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors by 42.02% compared to untreated xenograft tumors. Taken together, all these data suggested that LingH2-10, as a selective inverse agonist of ERRα, was a lead compound of anti-cancer agents for treating TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ning
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Hao Ling
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Liudi Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China; Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China; Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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28
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Berman AY, Manna S, Schwartz NS, Katz YE, Sun Y, Behrmann CA, Yu JJ, Plas DR, Alayev A, Holz MK. ERRα regulates the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells via S6K1-dependent mechanism. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2. [PMID: 28890840 PMCID: PMC5589335 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear factor that is a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism. ERRα is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, including ovarian, prostate, colorectal, cervical and breast, and is associated with a more aggressive tumor and a worse outcome. In breast cancer, specifically, high ERRα expression is associated with an increased rate of recurrence and a poor prognosis. Because of the common functions of ERRα and the mTORC1/S6K1 signaling pathway in regulation of cellular metabolism and breast cancer pathogenesis, we focused on investigating the biochemical relationship between ERRα and S6K1. We found that ERRα negatively regulates S6K1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. Downregulation of ERRα expression sensitized ERα-negative breast cancer cells to mTORC1/S6K1 inhibitors. Therefore, our results show that combinatorial inhibition of ERRα and mTORC1/S6K1 may have clinical utility in treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Y Berman
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Subrata Manna
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yardena E Katz
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jane J Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David R Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anya Alayev
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina K Holz
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and the Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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29
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Teng CT, Hsieh JH, Zhao J, Huang R, Xia M, Martin N, Gao X, Dixon D, Auerbach SS, Witt KL, Merrick BA. Development of Novel Cell Lines for High-Throughput Screening to Detect Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha Modulators. SLAS Discov 2017; 22:720-731. [PMID: 28346099 PMCID: PMC5486949 DOI: 10.1177/2472555216689772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), the first orphan nuclear receptor discovered, is crucial for the control of cellular energy metabolism. ERRα and its coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), are required for rapid energy production in response to environmental challenges. They have been implicated in the etiology of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. ERRα also plays a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Identification of compounds that modulate ERRα signaling may elucidate environmental factors associated with these diseases. Therefore, we developed stable cell lines containing an intact ERRα signaling pathway, with and without the coactivator PGC-1α, to use as high-throughput screening tools to detect ERRα modulators. The lentiviral PGC-1α expression constructs and ERRα multiple hormone response element (MHRE) reporters were introduced into HEK293T cells that express endogenous ERRα. A cell line expressing the reporter alone was designated "ERR." A second cell line expressing both reporter and PGC-1α was named "PGC/ERR." Initial screenings of the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC) identified 33 ERR and 22 PGC/ERR agonists, and 54 ERR and 15 PGC/ERR antagonists. Several potent ERRα agonists were dietary plant compounds (e.g., genistein). In conclusion, these cell lines are suitable for high-throughput screens to identify environmental chemicals affecting metabolic pathways and breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina T. Teng
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Negin Martin
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Darlene Dixon
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott S. Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristine L. Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B. Alex Merrick
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, it remains a major health problem in women. Natural flavones along with chemotherapeutic agents enhance therapeutic response and minimize toxicity of chemical agents. Centchroman (CC) colloquially called as ormeloxifene, is a nonsteroidal oral contraceptive categorized as selective estrogen receptor modulator with anti-breast cancer activity. Genistein (GN), an isoflavone found mainly in soy products possesses anti-cancerous potential against a number of cancers including breast. The present study aims at investigating the combination of CC and GN in human breast cancer cell lines (HBCCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxic effect of CC and GN separately and in combination were assessed by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in MDA MB-231, MDA MB-468, MCF-7, T-47D HBCCs, and nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) MCF-10A. The drug interaction was analyzed using CompuSyn software through which combination index and dose reduction index were generated. RESULTS Combination of CC plus GN exerts significantly higher cytotoxicity compared to each drug per se in HBCCs, whereas HMEC-MCF-10A remains unaffected. CONCLUSION On an overall basis, the drugs in combination enhanced cell killing in malignant cells. Therefore, the combination of CC with GN may offer a novel approach for the breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kaushik
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hari Shyam
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil K Balapure
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li Q, Zhu L, Zhang L, Chen H, Zhu Y, Du Y, Zhong W, Zhong M, Shi X. Inhibition of estrogen related receptor α attenuates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by regulating RhoA/p27 Kip1 and β-Catenin/Wnt4 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:188-195. [PMID: 28213288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RhoA/p27Kip1 and β-Catenin/Wnt4 signaling processes play central roles in proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). ERRα, a member of orphan nuclear receptors, is a potent prognostic factor in breast, ovarian, colon and other types of tumors. However, biological significance of ERRα in VSMCs as well as the molecular mechanisms remains largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate whether ERRα is involved in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in vitro and neointimal formation in vivo. The specific ERRα inverse agonist XCT790 (or ERRα shRNA) resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation and phenotypic switch in cultured rat aortic SMCs (RASMCs). Furthermore, cycle progression, cell cycle protein transcription as well as hyperphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in RASMCs were prevented by downregulation of ERRα. Transwell assay demonstrated that migratory capacity of RASMCs was also inhibited the treatment of XCT790 (or ERRα shRNA). At the molecular levels, RhoA/p27Kip1 and β-Catenin/Wnt4 signaling pathways are involved in ERRα-mediated RASMCs growth and migration. Finally, inhibition of ERRα significantly attenuated neointimal formation in rat artery after balloon injury. These results help to further understand vascular remodeling and suggest that ERRα might be a potential target for the treatment of vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Liudi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wanxian Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinshan Branch of the Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China; Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China.
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Jha T, Adhikari N, Halder AK, Saha A. Ligand- and Structure-Based Drug Design of Non-Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors (NSAIs) in Breast Cancer. Oncology 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase is a multienzyme complex overexpressed in breast cancer and responsible for estrogen production. It is the potential target for designing anti-breast cancer drugs. Ligand and Structure-Based Drug Designing approaches (LBDD and SBDD) are involved in development of active and more specific Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitors (NSAIs). Different LBDD and SBDD approaches are presented here to understand their utility in designing novel NSAIs. It is observed that molecules should possess a five or six membered heterocyclic nitrogen containing ring to coordinate with heme portion of aromatase for inhibition. Moreover, one or two hydrogen bond acceptor features, hydrophobicity, and steric factors may play crucial roles for anti-aromatase activity. Electrostatic, van der Waals, and p-p interactions are other important factors that determine binding affinity of inhibitors. HQSAR, LDA-QSAR, GQSAR, CoMFA, and CoMSIA approaches, pharmacophore mapping followed by virtual screening, docking, and dynamic simulation may be effective approaches for designing new potent anti-aromatase molecules.
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Marcela GM, Eva RG, Del Carmen RRM, Rosalva ME. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Effects of Three Peptide Fractions of Germinated Soybeans on Breast and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2016; 71:368-374. [PMID: 27401682 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are an important source of bioactive molecules, such as peptides, which generation can improve through germination. In this study, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of three peptide fractions (>10 kDa, 5-10 kDa and <5 kDa) that were obtained by ultrafiltration of soybean protein hydrolysate after six days of germination were evaluated. The antioxidant activities of the peptide fractions were assessed by reducing power, Cu+2 and Fe+2 chelation and OH· scavenging assays, whereas their antiproliferative effects against cervical (HeLa, SiHa, CasKi) and breast (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines were evaluated by the MTT assay. Apoptosis was determined by Hoechst-PI staining. The most active peptide fraction (MAPF) was the >10 kDa fraction, which showed the greatest antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. The most sensitive cancer cell lines were the HeLa, CasKi and MDA-MB-231 cells, which had IC50 values of 16.2, 14.3 and 15.2 mg/mL, respectively, and apoptotic indices above 50 % after 6 or 8 h of exposure. The effect of MAPF on normal cells (HaCaT) was minimal. The amino acid composition of MAPF was characterized by high proline, phenylalanine and tyrosine content, and MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis showed six signals with molecular weights of 12 to 42 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- González-Montoya Marcela
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional "Adolfo López Mateos", Calle Wilfrido Massieu esquina Cda. Manuel Stampa. C.P, 07738, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ramón-Gallegos Eva
- Lab. de Citopatologia Ambiental, Depto. de Morfología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Robles-Ramírez María Del Carmen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional "Adolfo López Mateos", Calle Wilfrido Massieu esquina Cda. Manuel Stampa. C.P, 07738, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mora-Escobedo Rosalva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional "Adolfo López Mateos", Calle Wilfrido Massieu esquina Cda. Manuel Stampa. C.P, 07738, Ciudad de México, México.
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Kim J, Woo SY, Im CY, Yoo EK, Lee S, Kim HJ, Hwang HJ, Cho JH, Lee WS, Yoon H, Kim S, Kwon OB, Hwang H, Kim KH, Jeon JH, Singh TD, Kim SW, Hwang SY, Choi HS, Lee IK, Kim SH, Jeon YH, Chin J, Cho SJ. Insights of a Lead Optimization Study and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4-Hydroxytamoxifen Analogs as Estrogen-Related Receptor γ (ERRγ) Inverse Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10209-10227. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Woo
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Chun Young Im
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Yoo
- Leading-Edge
Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and
Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Seungmi Lee
- Leading-Edge
Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and
Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Hyo-Ji Kim
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Hwang
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Joong-heui Cho
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Won Seok Lee
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Heeseok Yoon
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Shinae Kim
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Oh-bin Kwon
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Hayoung Hwang
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Leading-Edge
Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and
Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Department
of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Thoudam Debraj Singh
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Korea Bio-Medical Science Institute, Seoul 06106, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeoun Hwang
- Korea Bio-Medical Science Institute, Seoul 06106, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National
Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals
and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-Edge
Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and
Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Department
of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Leading-Edge
Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and
Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
- Leading-Edge
Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and
Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
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Zhang L, Liu P, Chen H, Li Q, Chen L, Qi H, Shi X, Du Y. Characterization of a selective inverse agonist for estrogen related receptor α as a potential agent for breast cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 789:439-448. [PMID: 27498368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor that plays a primary role in the regulation of cellular energy homeostasis and osteogenesis. It is reported that ERRα is widely expressed in a range of tissues and accumulating evidence has supported that the high expression of ERRα correlates with poor prognosis of various human malignancies, including breast, endometrium, colon, prostate and ovary cancers. Herein is described the discovery of a novel selective inverse agonist (HSP1604) of ERRα, but not of ERRβ and ERRγ, as determined using transient transfection luciferase reporter assay and a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) co-activator assay. HSP1604 potently inhibits ERRα transcriptional activity with IC50=1.47±0.17μM in cell-based luciferase reporter assay and also decreases the protein level of ERRα and the mRNA levels of its downstream target genes such as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), pS2 and osteopontin. HSP1604 has also suppressed the proliferation of different human cancer cell lines and the migration of breast cancer cells with high expression of ERRα. Representative in vivo results show that HSP1604 suppresses the growth of human breast cancer xenograft in nude mice as doses at 30mg/kg or 100mg/kg administered every other day during 28-day period. HSP1604 thus has the potential both as a new agent to inhibit the growth of tumors and as a chemical probe of ERRα biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Peihong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
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Kim J, Chin J, Im CY, Yoo EK, Woo S, Hwang HJ, Cho JH, Seo KA, Song J, Hwang H, Kim KH, Kim ND, Yoon SK, Jeon JH, Yoon SY, Jeon YH, Choi HS, Lee IK, Kim SH, Cho SJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-hydroxytamoxifen analogs as estrogen-related receptor gamma inverse agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:338-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Simeon S, Spjuth O, Lapins M, Nabu S, Anuwongcharoen N, Prachayasittikul V, Wikberg JES, Nantasenamat C. Origin of aromatase inhibitory activity via proteochemometric modeling. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1979. [PMID: 27190705 PMCID: PMC4868594 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgen to estrogen, plays an essential role in the development of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Side effects due to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) necessitate the pursuit of novel inhibitor candidates with high selectivity, lower toxicity and increased potency. Designing a novel therapeutic agent against aromatase could be achieved computationally by means of ligand-based and structure-based methods. For over a decade, we have utilized both approaches to design potential AIs for which quantitative structure–activity relationships and molecular docking were used to explore inhibitory mechanisms of AIs towards aromatase. However, such approaches do not consider the effects that aromatase variants have on different AIs. In this study, proteochemometrics modeling was applied to analyze the interaction space between AIs and aromatase variants as a function of their substructural and amino acid features. Good predictive performance was achieved, as rigorously verified by 10-fold cross-validation, external validation, leave-one-compound-out cross-validation, leave-one-protein-out cross-validation and Y-scrambling tests. The investigations presented herein provide important insights into the mechanisms of aromatase inhibitory activity that could aid in the design of novel potent AIs as breast cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saw Simeon
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Maris Lapins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Sunanta Nabu
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Nuttapat Anuwongcharoen
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Jarl E S Wikberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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Luey BC, May FEB. Insulin-like growth factors are essential to prevent anoikis in oestrogen-responsive breast cancer cells: importance of the type I IGF receptor and PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:8. [PMID: 26801096 PMCID: PMC4722749 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Detachment of epithelial cells from the extracellular matrix initiates programmed cell death by a process termed anoikis. Malignant cells must acquire anoikis resistance to leave the primary tumour and metastasise. Multiple signal transduction pathways can activate anoikis and confer anoikis resistance, but these are not understood in breast cancer. Methods Models for anoikis of oestrogen-responsive breast cancer cells were established and the protective effects of IGF-1 tested. Cleaved PARP was measured by western transfer and cleaved caspase 3 by flow cytometry. Pathways involved in anoikis and in anoikis resistance were investigated with PI3-kinase, Akt, and MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitors. The importance of the type I IGF receptor was investigated by IGF-concentration dependence, siRNA knockdown and pharmacological inhibition. Association between IGF-1R expression and relapse with distant metastasis was analysed in 1609 patients by log rank test. Results Unattached breast cancer cells required culture in serum-free medium to induce anoikis. Rapid loss of FAK, Akt and Bad phosphorylation was concurrent with anoiks induction, but ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation increased which suggested that anoikis resistance is mediated by the PI3-kinase/Akt rather than the Grb2/Ras/MAP-kinase pathway. IGF-1 conferred anoikis resistance in serum-free medium. IGF-1 activated the PI3-kinase/Akt and Grb2/Ras/MAP-kinase pathways but experiments with PI3-kinase, Akt and MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitors showed that IGF protection is via the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. The concentration dependence of IGF protection, knockdown experiments with siRNA and pharmacological inhibition with figitumumab, showed that IGF-1 signals through the type I IGF receptor. The crucial role of the type I IGF receptor was demonstrated by induction of anoikis in full serum by figitumumab. High IGF-1R expression was associated with reduced time to relapse with distant metastases in oestrogen receptor-positive patients, especially those with aggressive disease which confirms its relevance in vivo. Conclusions Anoikis resistance of oestrogen-responsive breast cancer cells depends upon IGF activation of the type I IGF receptor and PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. Because IGF-dependent evasion of anoikis will facilitate metastasis by malignant breast cancer cells, effective inhibition of IGF signal transduction should be included in combinations of targeted drugs designed to treat metastatic oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan C Luey
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Felicity E B May
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Nanashima N, Horie K, Tomisawa T, Chiba M, Nakano M, Fujita T, Maeda H, Kitajima M, Takamagi S, Uchiyama D, Watanabe J, Nakamura T, Kato Y. Phytoestrogenic activity of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) anthocyanins is mediated through estrogen receptor alpha. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2419-31. [PMID: 26395027 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L., Grossulariaceae) contain high amounts of anthocyanin polyphenols, which have antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic health benefits. This study analyzed the potential phytoestrogenic effects of blackcurrant extract (BCE) in breast cancer (MCF-7) and human endometrial cancer (Ishikawa) cell lines that over-express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), as well as in immature female rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Microarray analysis and Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis showed that BCE activated the ERα pathway, whereas quantitative-PCR confirmed that BCE and four types of anthocyanins up-regulated genes downstream of ERα. BCE (0.1-1.0 μg/mL) and anthocyanins (0.1-10 μM) induced MCF-7 cell proliferation; however, this effect was blocked by ER antagonist fulvestrant. Flow cytometry showed that anthocyanins reduced and increased the number of MCF-7 cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, respectively. Anthocyanins stimulated ERα transcriptional activity in human ERα reporter assays and induced alkaline phosphatase activity in Ishikawa cells. Competition assays and in silico analysis indicated that anthocyanins bind to ERα. Finally, BCE focally induced stratification of columnar epithelial cells in the rat uterus and increased cytoplasmic mucin levels in these cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that blackcurrant anthocyanins act as phytoestrogens in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kayo Horie
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshiko Tomisawa
- Department of Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Fujita
- Department of Disability and Health, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Maiko Kitajima
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shizuka Takamagi
- Department of Disability and Health, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Daishi Uchiyama
- Center for Joint Research, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoji Kato
- Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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Abstract
Cancer is perhaps the fastest growing non-communicable disease in the human population worldwide. Although the molecular mechanism of cancer initiation and progression is known to some extent, however, the majority of pathways responsible for its onset, development and progression are largely unknown. Many members of the nuclear receptors (NRs) superfamily of transcriptional factors have key roles in cancer. Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is one of the members of the NR superfamily and studies have linked it with a wide variety of cancers. In endocrine-related cancers such as breast cancer, ERRα regulates a number of target genes directing cell proliferation and growth independent of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Knockdown of ERRα in a number of cancer tissues and cell lines significantly reduced tumor growth and malignancy indicating dependence on ERRα activity. The pro-angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor expression has been shown to be regulated by ERRα and has implications in several types of cancer. The effect of ERRα on cancers seems to be multipronged via regulation of cell cycle regulators, osteopontin, hypoxia inducible factor-1 as well as several energy metabolism genes that are part of glycolysis, TCA cycle, lipogenesis, etc., providing a metabolic twist to cancer. In this article, the action of ERRα on various types of cancers including new developments in this field shall be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmit S Ranhotra
- a Orphan Nuclear Receptors Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, St. Edmund's College , Shillong , India
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41
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Casaburi I, Avena P, De Luca A, Chimento A, Sirianni R, Malivindi R, Rago V, Fiorillo M, Domanico F, Campana C, Cappello AR, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP, Pezzi V. Estrogen related receptor α (ERRα) a promising target for the therapy of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Oncotarget 2015; 6:25135-48. [PMID: 26312764 PMCID: PMC4694820 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the adrenocortical cancer (ACC) involves integration of molecular signals and the interplay of different downstream pathways (i.e. IGFII/IGF1R, β-catenin, Wnt, ESR1). This tumor is characterized by limited therapeutic options and unsuccessful treatments. A useful strategy to develop an effective therapy for ACC is to identify a common downstream target of these multiple pathways. A good candidate could be the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) because of its ability to regulate energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and signalings related to cancer progression. In this study we tested the effect of ERRα inverse agonist, XCT790, on the proliferation of H295R adrenocortical cancer cell line. Results from in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that XCT790 reduced H295R cell growth. The inhibitory effect was associated with impaired cell cycle progression which was not followed by any apoptotic event. Instead, incomplete autophagy and cell death by a necrotic processes, as a consequence of the cell energy failure, induced by pharmacological reduction of ERRα was evidenced. Our results indicate that therapeutic strategies targeting key factors such as ERRα that control the activity and signaling of bioenergetics processes in high-energy demanding tumors could represent an innovative/alternative therapy for the treatment of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Domanico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmela Campana
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Federica Sotgia
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit and the Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit and the Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
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Yang Y, Cong H, Han C, Yue L, Dong H, Liu J. 12-Deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate inhibits the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in MCF-7 cells by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1755-60. [PMID: 26239613 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential component for angiogenesis, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which controls the switch of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, activates the transcription of VEGF. 12-Deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate (DP) is a compound isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana, and has been revealed to possess anticancer activity. In the present study, we found that DP is an effective inhibitor of VEGF and HIF-1α in MCF-7 cells. DP markedly reduced cell viability as determined by MTT assay. ELISA, western blotting and RT-qPCR assays indicated that DP significantly decreased the protein and mRNA expression of VEGF and the protein expression of HIF-1α, while HIF-1α mRNA remained unchanged. In addition, the entrance of HIF-1α into the nucleus was blocked after DP treatment as detected by immunofluorescence analysis. In a further study, we proved that the effects mentioned above were associated with constitutive interference of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. DP effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and its downstream factors p-Akt and p-mTOR, oppositely enhanced the expression of TSC1 (hamartin) and TSC2 (tuberin), which could be reversed by the co-treatment with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. Moreover, the addition of wortmanin further downregulated the protein levels of VEGF and HIF-1α. The results revealed that DP inhibited the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, confirming that DP may be a potential therapeutic candidate for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Jianhua, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Huan Cong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Jianhua, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Han
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Jianhua, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Liling Yue
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Jianhua, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Jianhua, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Jianhua, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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Hubbard WJ, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. The ERRor of Our Ways: Estrogen-Related Receptors are About Energy, Not Hormones, and are Potential New Targets for Trauma and Shock. Shock 2015; 44:3-15. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Huss JM, Garbacz WG, Xie W. Constitutive activities of estrogen-related receptors: Transcriptional regulation of metabolism by the ERR pathways in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1912-27. [PMID: 26115970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) comprise a small group of orphan nuclear receptor transcription factors. The ERRα and ERRγ isoforms play a central role in the regulation of metabolic genes and cellular energy metabolism. Although less is known about ERRβ, recent studies have revealed the importance of this isoform in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Thus, ERRs are essential to many biological processes. The development of several ERR knockout and overexpression models and the application of advanced functional genomics have allowed rapid advancement of our understanding of the physiology regulated by ERR pathways. Moreover, it has enabled us to begin to delineate the distinct programs regulated by ERRα and ERRγ that have overlapping effects on metabolism and growth. The current review primarily focuses on the physiologic roles of ERR isoforms related to their metabolic regulation; therefore, the ERRα and ERRγ are discussed in the greatest detail. We emphasize findings from gain- and loss-of-function models developed to characterize ERR control of skeletal muscle, heart and musculoskeletal physiology. These models have revealed that coordinating metabolic capacity with energy demand is essential for seemingly disparate processes such as muscle differentiation and hypertrophy, innate immune function, thermogenesis, and bone remodeling. Furthermore, the models have revealed that ERRα- and ERRγ-deficiency in mice accelerates progression of pathologic processes and implicates ERRs as etiologic factors in disease. We highlight the human diseases in which ERRs and their downstream metabolic pathways are perturbed, including heart failure and diabetes. While no natural ligand has been identified for any of the ERR isoforms, the potential for using synthetic small molecules to modulate their activity has been demonstrated. Based on our current understanding of their transcriptional mechanisms and physiologic relevance, the ERRs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, insulin resistance and heart failure in humans.
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Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis during long-term adaptation in animals is primarily achieved by controlling the expression of metabolic genes by a plethora of cellular transcription factors. The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily in eukaryotes is an assembly of diverse receptors working as transcriptional regulators of multiple genes. The orphan estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is one such receptor of the NR superfamily with significant influence on numerous metabolic and other genes. Although it is presently unknown as to which endogenous hormones or ligands activate ERRα, nevertheless it regulates a host of genes whose products participate in various metabolic pathways. Studies over the years show new and interesting data that add to the growing knowledge on ERRα and metabolic regulation. For instance, novel findings indicate existence of mTOR/ERRα regulatory axis and also that ERRα control PGC-1α expression which potentially have significant impact on cellular metabolism. Data show that ERRα exerts its metabolic control by regulating the expression of SIRT5 that influences oxygen consumption and ATP generation. Moreover, ERRα has a role in creatine and lactate uptake in skeletal muscle which is important towards energy generation and contraction. This review is focused on the new insights gained into ERRα regulation of metabolism, networks and pathways that have important consequences in maintaining metabolic homeostasis including development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmit S Ranhotra
- a Orphan Nuclear Receptors Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry , St. Edmund's College , Shillong, Meghalaya , India
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46
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Abstract
The stratification of breast cancer patients for endocrine therapies by oestrogen or progesterone receptor expression is effective but imperfect. The present study aims were to validate microarray studies that demonstrate TFF3 regulation by oestrogen and its association with oestrogen receptors in breast cancer, to evaluate TFF3 as a biomarker of endocrine response, and to investigate TFF3 function. Microarray data were validated by quantitative RT-PCR and northern and western transfer analyses. TFF3 was induced by oestrogen, and its induction was inhibited by antioestrogens, tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and fulvestrant in oestrogen-responsive breast cancer cells. The expression of TFF3 mRNA was associated with oestrogen receptor mRNA in breast tumours (Pearson's coefficient=0.762, P=0.000). Monoclonal antibodies raised against the TFF3 protein detected TFF3 by immunohistochemistry in oesophageal submucosal glands, intestinal goblet and neuroendocrine cells, Barrett's metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia. TFF3 protein expression was associated with oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and TFF1 expression in malignant breast cells. TFF3 is a specific and sensitive predictive biomarker of response to endocrine therapy, degree of response and duration of response in unstratified metastatic breast cancer patients (P=0.000, P=0.002 and P=0.002 respectively). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that TFF3 is an independent biomarker of endocrine response and degree of response, and this was confirmed in a validation cohort. TFF3 stimulated migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. In conclusion, TFF3 expression is associated with response to endocrine therapy, and outperforms oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and TFF1 as an independent biomarker, possibly because it mediates the malign effects of oestrogen on invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity E B May
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Medical Sciences, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Bruce R Westley
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Medical Sciences, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Roshan-Moniri M, Hsing M, Butler MS, Cherkasov A, Rennie PS. Orphan nuclear receptors as drug targets for the treatment of prostate and breast cancers. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 40:1137-52. [PMID: 25455729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs), a family of 48 transcriptional factors, have been studied intensively for their roles in cancer development and progression. The presence of distinctive ligand binding sites capable of interacting with small molecules has made NRs attractive targets for developing cancer therapeutics. In particular, a number of drugs have been developed over the years to target human androgen- and estrogen receptors for the treatment of prostate cancer and breast cancer. In contrast, orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs), which in many cases lack known biological functions or ligands, are still largely under investigated. This review is a summary on ONRs that have been implicated in prostate and breast cancers, specifically retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs), liver X receptors (LXRs), chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs), estrogen related receptors (ERRs), nerve growth factor 1B-like receptors, and ‘‘dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1’’ (DAX1). Discovery and development of small molecules that can bind at various functional sites on these ONRs will help determine their biological functions. In addition, these molecules have the potential to act as prototypes for future drug development. Ultimately, the therapeutic value of targeting the ONRs may go well beyond prostate and breast cancers.
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48
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Shoombuatong W, Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul V, Nantasenamat C. Prediction of aromatase inhibitory activity using the efficient linear method (ELM). EXCLI J 2015; 14:452-64. [PMID: 26535037 PMCID: PMC4614109 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibition is an effective treatment strategy for breast cancer. Currently, several in silico methods have been developed for the prediction of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) using artificial neural network (ANN) or support vector machine (SVM). In spite of this, there are ample opportunities for further improvements by developing a simple and interpretable quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) method. Herein, an efficient linear method (ELM) is proposed for constructing a highly predictive QSAR model containing a spontaneous feature importance estimator. Briefly, ELM is a linear-based model with optimal parameters derived from genetic algorithm. Results showed that the simple ELM method displayed robust performance with 10-fold cross-validation MCC values of 0.64 and 0.56 for steroidal and non-steroidal AIs, respectively. Comparative analyses with other machine learning methods (i.e. ANN, SVM and decision tree) were also performed. A thorough analysis of informative molecular descriptors for both steroidal and non-steroidal AIs provided insights into the mechanism of action of compounds. Our findings suggest that the shape and polarizability of compounds may govern the inhibitory activity of both steroidal and non-steroidal types whereas the terminal primary C(sp3) functional group and electronegativity may be required for non-steroidal AIs. The R code of the ELM method is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1274030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand ; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand ; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Tian D, Solodin NM, Rajbhandari P, Bjorklund K, Alarid ET, Kreeger PK. A kinetic model identifies phosphorylated estrogen receptor-α (ERα) as a critical regulator of ERα dynamics in breast cancer. FASEB J 2015; 29:2022-31. [PMID: 25648997 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Receptor levels are a key mechanism by which cells regulate their response to stimuli. The levels of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) impact breast cancer cell proliferation and are used to predict prognosis and sensitivity to endocrine therapy. Despite the clinical application of this information, it remains unclear how different cellular processes interact as a system to control ERα levels. To address this question, experimental results from the ERα-positive human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) treated with 17-β-estradiol or vehicle control were used to develop a mass-action kinetic model of ERα regulation. Model analysis determined that RNA dynamics could be captured through phosphorylated ERα (pERα)-dependent feedback on transcription. Experimental analysis confirmed that pERα-S118 binds to the estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1) promoter, suggesting that pERα can feedback on ESR1 transcription. Protein dynamics required a separate mechanism in which the degradation rate for pERα was 8.3-fold higher than nonphosphorylated ERα. Using a model with both mechanisms, the root mean square error was 0.078. Sensitivity analysis of this combined model determined that while multiple mechanisms regulate ERα levels, pERα-dependent feedback elicited the strongest effect. Combined, our computational and experimental results identify phosphorylation of ERα as a critical decision point that coordinates the cellular circuitry to regulate ERα levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tian
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Natalia M Solodin
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Prashant Rajbhandari
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kelsi Bjorklund
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pamela K Kreeger
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Lu X, Zhao J, Li T, Huang M, Liang J, Wei W. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone induces apoptosis by inhibiting the ERK and Akt pathways in human osteosarcoma cells. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:59-64. [PMID: 25363142 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2014.984064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are known to prevent tumor progression by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study we determine the effect of 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, a phytoestrogen, on proliferation and apoptosis in the human osteosarcoma (OS) cell line U2OS. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone dose-dependently inhibited proliferation in U2OS cells, which was accompanied by an increase of early apoptotic cells. However, 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone had little effect on the growth and apoptosis of normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. This may indicate that 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone can selectively inhibit the proliferation of cancerous cells. Meanwhile, 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone decreased the protein levels of phosphorylated ERK and Akt. Inactivation of these pathways was confirmed by upregulation of Bax expression and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Phosphorylated Akt protein levels were decreased in HSF cells only at a high concentration (80 μM) of 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone. Together, we suggest that 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone promotes cell death of human OS cells U2OS by induction of apoptosis, which is associated with the inhibition of ERK and Akt signaling. Thus, 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone may have less toxicity compared to normal tissue and could be a potential therapy for OS.
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