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Wang H, Zhang Z, Xie L, Lu K, Zhang S, Xing S. Retinol and retinol binding protein 4 levels and COVID-19: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:206. [PMID: 38671384 PMCID: PMC11046857 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has struck globally. Whether the related proteins of retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway are causally associated with the risk of COVID-19 remains unestablished. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the associations of retinol, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), retinol dehydrogenase 16 (RDH16) and cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (CRABP1) with COVID-19 in European population. METHODS The outcome utilized the summary statistics of COVID-19 from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. The exposure data were obtained from public genome wide association study (GWAS) database. We extracted SNPs from exposure data and outcome data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger and Wald ratio methods were employed to assess the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the validity of the results. RESULTS The MR estimates showed that retinol was associated with lower COVID-19 susceptibility using IVW (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53-0.90, P: 0.0065), whereas the associations between retinol and COVID-19 hospitalization or severity were not significant. RBP4 was associated with lower COVID-19 susceptibility using the Wald ratio (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.95, P: 0.0072). IVW analysis showed RDH16 was associated with increased COVID-19 hospitalization (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18, P: 0.0199). CRABP1 was association with lower COVID-19 susceptibility (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, P: 0.0290) using the IVW. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of possible causal association of retinol, RBP4, RDH16 and CRABP1 with the susceptibility, hospitalization and severity of COVID-19. Our study defines that retinol is significantly associated with lower COVID-19 susceptibility, which provides a reference for the prevention of COVID-19 with vitamin A supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Kongli Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shunpeng Xing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
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Shirvani M, Vaziri S, Akrami MR, Sarmasti A, Hassanpour K, Akrami A. Evaluating the therapeutic effects of isotretinoin on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A controlled open-label clinical trial. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26685. [PMID: 38463889 PMCID: PMC10920163 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a global health issue with no certain treatment option. So far, various treatments have been suggested among which one can mention isotretinoin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of this medication as a side treatment for COVID-19. This open-label controlled clinical trial with the approval ID of IRCT20190624043993N3 was conducted in Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 52 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled. The control group only received standard of care (SOC) treatment while the intervention arm received 40 mg per day of isotretinoin along with the SOC. The patients were followed until discharge. The results showed no death among the groups. The hospitalization duration in the intervention and SOC groups were 5.1 ± 2.29 and 5.1 ± 3.44 days, respectively with no statistical difference (P = 0.98). Moreover, the SpO2, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure also showed no statistical difference neither at admission nor upon discharge (P > 0.05). The laboratory investigations showed that white blood cells, absolute lymphocyte count, hemoglobin value, and platelet count did not differ between the groups at admission or upon discharge (P > 0.05). According to the results, it seems that isotretinoin didn't act as a potent side therapy in patients with COVID-19. However, due to the small sample size, we suggest further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shirvani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Siavash Vaziri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Akrami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azar Sarmasti
- School of Nursing, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyab Hassanpour
- School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Akrami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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3
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Zaman R, Ravichandran V, Tan CK. Role of dietary supplements in the continuous battle against COVID-19. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1071-1088. [PMID: 38168043 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was a big blow to the world community on every level. Created by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which was previously unknown to the human immune system. The expert opinion almost immediately united on the fact that the most effective way of fighting the pandemic would be by building immunity artificially via a mass immunization program. However, it took about a year for the approval of the first vaccine against COVID-19. In the meantime, a big part of the general population started adapting nutritious diet plans and dietary supplements to boost natural immunity as a potential prophylactic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whether they originate from mainstream medicine, such as synthetic supplements, or traditional herbal remedies in the form of single or poly-herbs, these supplements may comprise various components that exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial characteristics. There is a substantial body of predictions and expert opinions suggesting that enhancing one's diet with dietary supplements containing additional nutrients and bioactive compounds like vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, phytochemicals, and probiotics can enhance the immune system's ability to develop resistance against COVID-19, although none of them have any conclusive evidence nor officially recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The current review critically acclaims the gap between public perception-based preference and real evidence-based study to weigh the actual benefit of dietary supplements in relation to COVID-19 prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahela Zaman
- School of Healthy Aging, Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vignesh Ravichandran
- School of Healthy Aging, Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Keat Tan
- School of Healthy Aging, Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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4
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Rozemeijer S, Hamer HM, Heijboer AC, de Jonge R, Jimenez CR, Juffermans NP, Dujardin RWG, Girbes ARJ, de Man AME. Micronutrient Status of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Nutrients 2024; 16:385. [PMID: 38337670 PMCID: PMC10856879 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies can develop in critically ill patients, arising from factors such as decreased intake, increased losses, drug interactions, and hypermetabolism. These deficiencies may compromise important immune functions, with potential implications for patient outcomes. Alternatively, micronutrient blood levels may become low due to inflammation-driven redistribution rather than consumption. This explorative pilot study investigates blood micronutrient concentrations during the first three weeks of ICU stay in critically ill COVID-19 patients and evaluates the impact of additional micronutrient administration. Moreover, associations between inflammation, disease severity, and micronutrient status were explored. We measured weekly concentrations of vitamins A, B6, D, and E; iron; zinc; copper; selenium; and CRP as a marker of inflammation state and the SOFA score indicating disease severity in 20 critically ill COVID-19 patients during three weeks of ICU stay. Half of the patients received additional (intravenous) micronutrient administration. Data were analyzed with linear mixed models and Pearson's correlation coefficient. High deficiency rates of vitamins A, B6, and D; zinc; and selenium (50-100%) were found at ICU admission, along with low iron status. After three weeks, vitamins B6 and D deficiencies persisted, and iron status remained low. Plasma levels of vitamins A and E, zinc, and selenium improved. No significant differences in micronutrient levels were found between patient groups. Negative correlations were identified between the CRP level and levels of vitamins A and E, iron, transferrin, zinc, and selenium. SOFA scores negatively correlated with vitamin D and selenium levels. Our findings reveal high micronutrient deficiency rates at ICU admission. Additional micronutrient administration did not enhance levels or expedite their increase. Spontaneous increases in vitamins A and E, zinc, and selenium levels were associated with inflammation resolution, suggesting that observed low levels may be attributed, at least in part, to redistribution rather than true deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Rozemeijer
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Research VUmc Intensive Care (REVIVE), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam Medical Data Science (AMDS), Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.R.J.G.); (A.M.E.d.M.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Henrike M. Hamer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Specialized Techniques and Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Annemieke C. Heijboer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Connie R. Jimenez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicole P. Juffermans
- Department of Intensive Care and Laboratory of Translational Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Romein W. G. Dujardin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Armand R. J. Girbes
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Research VUmc Intensive Care (REVIVE), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam Medical Data Science (AMDS), Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.R.J.G.); (A.M.E.d.M.)
| | - Angélique M. E. de Man
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Research VUmc Intensive Care (REVIVE), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam Medical Data Science (AMDS), Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.R.J.G.); (A.M.E.d.M.)
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5
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Aiges M, Ramana KV. Significance of Vitamin Supplementation in Reducing the Severity of COVID-19. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:254-264. [PMID: 36967461 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230324081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a serious pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, caused significant lockdowns, healthcare shortages, and deaths worldwide. The infection leads to an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response causing severe respiratory distress and multiple-organ failure. Quick development of several vaccines efficiently controlled the spread of COVID-19. However, the rise of various new subvariants of COVID-19 demonstrated some concerns over the efficacy of existing vaccines. Currently, better vaccines to control these variants are still under development as several new subvariants of COVID-19, such as omicron BA-4, BA-5, and BF-7 are still impacting the world. Few antiviral treatments have been shown to control COVID-19 symptoms. Further, control of COVID-19 symptoms has been explored with many natural and synthetic adjuvant compounds in hopes of treating the deadly and contagious disease. Vitamins have been shown to modulate the immune system, function as antioxidants, and reduce the inflammatory response. Recent studies have investigated the potential role of vitamins, specifically vitamins A, B, C, D, and E, in reducing the immune and inflammatory responses and severity of the complication. In this brief article, we discussed our current understanding of the role of vitamins in controlling COVID-19 symptoms and their potential use as adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myia Aiges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT-84606, USA
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT-84606, USA
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Carvalho MCDC, Araujo JKCP, da Silva AGCL, da Silva NS, de Araújo NK, Luchessi AD, Ribeiro KDDS, Silbiger VN. Retinol Levels and Severity of Patients with COVID-19. Nutrients 2023; 15:4642. [PMID: 37960295 PMCID: PMC10650184 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus infection represents a serious threat to global health and economies. In this sense, it is paramount to know the nutritional factors that may be related to the prognosis of the disease. Evidence shows that vitamin A may play an important preventive and therapeutic role in supporting respiratory infections as in COVID-19. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of vitamin A (retinol) status with the prognosis of the disease. A case-control study from a cohort study was conducted in Brazil between May and October 2020. The study population was chosen by convenience, consisting of participants diagnosed with COVID-19. Recruitment was carried out using different approaches, including through dissemination on social media and in four hospitals in the city of Natal/RN, Brazil, recruiting participants from the COVID-19 ward and hospitalized participants who tested positive for the disease. The participants were allocated into two groups according to severity, with a group of mild (n = 88) or critical (n = 106) patients and compared to a control group (selected before the pandemic, n = 46). The extraction of retinol serum was performed and analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). The retinol level was calculated in mmol/L, and levels below 0.7 μmol/L (20 µg/dL) were considered to be a vitamin A deficiency. Our findings suggest that the participants with mild and critical COVID-19 had lower retinol levels compared to the healthy controls (p = 0.03). In addition, milder cases of COVID-19 were associated with increased symptoms and prolonged symptoms after 90 days since the beginning of infection. However, the survival analysis showed no association with higher cases of death among participants with vitamin A deficiency (p = 0.509). More studies are needed to understand how nutritional status, including vitamin A levels, can influence prognosis and is a risk factor for the development of long COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara da Cruz Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nayara Sousa da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil;
| | - Nathalia Kelly de Araújo
- Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Andre Ducati Luchessi
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil;
- Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Karla Danielly da Silva Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Vivian Nogueira Silbiger
- Undergraduate Program of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil; (J.K.C.P.A.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil;
- Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
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Hosseinpour A, Daneshzad E, Dezfouli RA, Zamani S, Qorbani M. The Association Between Antioxidants and COVID-19 Outcomes: a Systematic Review on Observational Studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5098-5114. [PMID: 36840911 PMCID: PMC9959932 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
It is proven that the blood concentration of antioxidants can impress the severity of viral infections, including COVID-19. However, the lack of a comprehensive study accumulating existing data regarding COVID-19 can be perceived. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed to report the association between the blood concentration of several antioxidants and the overall health condition of COVID-19 patients. We summarized the available data surrounding the serum antioxidant level in COVID-19 patients and COVID-19 outcomes. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, and studies that evaluated the association between antioxidants and COVID-19 outcomes were included. Of 4101 articles that were viewed in the database search, 38 articles were included after the title, abstract, and full-text review. Twenty-nine studies indicated that lower serum antioxidants are associated with worse outcomes, and one study reported no association between serum zinc (Zn) level and COVID-19 outcomes. In most cases, antioxidant deficiency was associated with high inflammatory factors, high mortality, acute kidney injury, thrombosis, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac injury, and the need for mechanical ventilation (MV), and there was no significant association between serum antioxidants level and ICU or hospital length of stay (LOS). It seems that higher levels of antioxidants in COVID-19 patients may be beneficial to prevent disease progression. However, clinical trials are needed to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseinpour
- Research Students Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ramin Abdi Dezfouli
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Zamani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cai X, Yang R, Shi W, Cai Y, Ma Z. Exploration of the common pathogenic link between COVID-19 and diabetic foot ulcers: An in silico approach. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1686. [PMID: 37936615 PMCID: PMC10626003 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is posing an ongoing threat to human health. Patients of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) are susceptible to COVID-19-induced adverse outcomes. Nevertheless, investigations into their mutual molecular mechanisms have been limited to date. In the present work, we tried to uncover the shared pathogenesis and regulatory gene targets of COVID-19 and DFU. Methods In this study, we chose GSE161281 as the COVID-19 data set, which contained severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infected human induced embryonic stem cell-derived peripheral neurons (n = 2) with uninfected controls (n = 2). The GSE134431 designated as the DFU data set, comprising full-thickness DFU (n = 13) and diabetic foot skin (n = 8) samples from diabetic patients. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from GSE161281 and GSE134431, and the common DEGs between COVID-19 and DFU were extracted. Multifactor regulatory network and co-expression network of the common DEGs were analyzed, along with candidate drug prediction. Results Altogether, six common DEGs (dickkopf-related protein 1 [DKK1], serine proteinase inhibitor A3 [SERPINA3], ras homolog family member D [RHOD], myelin protein zero like 3 [MPZL3], Claudin-11 [CLDN11], and epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8-like 1 [EPS8L1]) were found between COVID-19 and DFU. Functional analyses indicated that pathways of apoptotic and Wnt signaling may contribute to progression of COVID-19. Gene co-expression network implied the shared pathways of immune regulation and cytokine response participated collectively in the development of DFU and COVID-19. A multifactor regulatory network was constructed integrating the corresponding microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors. Additionally, we proposed potential drug objects for the combined therapy. Conclusion Our study revealed the shared molecular mechanisms underlying COVID-19 and DFU. The identified pivotal targets and common pathways can provide new perspectives for further research and assist the development of management strategies in patients of DFU complicated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Cai
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryDongguan Tungwah HospitalDongguanChina
| | - Ruijin Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryDongguan Tungwah HospitalDongguanChina
| | - Wenjun Shi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuchen Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhengzheng Ma
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryDongguan Tungwah HospitalDongguanChina
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Knebusch N, Mansour M, Vazquez S, Coss-Bu JA. Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake in Children with Lung Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4142. [PMID: 37836425 PMCID: PMC10574027 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article aims to summarize the literature findings regarding the role of micronutrients in children with lung disease. The nutritional and respiratory statuses of critically ill children are interrelated, and malnutrition is commonly associated with respiratory failure. The most recent nutrition support guidelines for critically ill children have recommended an adequate macronutrient intake in the first week of admission due to its association with good outcomes. In children with lung disease, it is important not to exceed the proportion of carbohydrates in the diet to avoid increased carbon dioxide production and increased work of breathing, which potentially could delay the weaning of the ventilator. Indirect calorimetry can guide the process of estimating adequate caloric intake and adjusting the proportion of carbohydrates in the diet based on the results of the respiratory quotient. Micronutrients, including vitamins, trace elements, and others, have been shown to play a role in the structure and function of the immune system, antioxidant properties, and the production of antimicrobial proteins supporting the defense mechanisms against infections. Sufficient levels of micronutrients and adequate supplementation have been associated with better outcomes in children with lung diseases, including pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, asthma, bronchiolitis, and acute respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Knebusch
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marwa Mansour
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie Vazquez
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jorge A. Coss-Bu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Renata RBN, Arely GRA, Gabriela LMA, Esther MLM. Immunomodulatory Role of Microelements in COVID-19 Outcome: a Relationship with Nutritional Status. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1596-1614. [PMID: 35668151 PMCID: PMC9170122 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection can activate innate and adaptive immune responses and result in massive inflammatory responses in the disease. A comprehensive understanding of the participation of micronutrients in the immune response to COVID-19 will allow the creation of prevention and supplementation scenarios in malnutrition states. Microelement deficiency can be decisive in the progression of diseases and their optimal levels can act as protective factors, helping to maintain homeostasis. Vitamin A, B, D, selenium, zinc, and copper, through their complementary and synergistic effects, allow the components of innate and adaptive immunity to counteract infections like those occurring in the respiratory tract.Thus, alterations in nutritional status are related to metabolic diseases, systemic inflammation, and deterioration of the immune system that alter the response against viral infections, such as COVID-19. The aim of this review is to describe the micronutrients that play an important role as immunomodulators and its relationship between malnutrition and the development of respiratory infections with an emphasis on severe and critical COVID-19. We conclude that although an unbalanced diet is not the only risk factor that predisposes to COVID-19, a correct and balanced diet, which provides the optimal amount of micronutrients and favors an adequate nutritional status, could confer beneficial effects for prevention and improvement of clinical results. The potential usefulness of micronutrient supplementation in special cases is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roldán-Bretón Nuria Renata
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sanginés S/N, Centro Cívico, 21000, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - González-Rascón Anna Arely
- Facultad de Odontología Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Leija-Montoya Ana Gabriela
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sanginés S/N, Centro Cívico, 21000, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Mejía-León María Esther
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sanginés S/N, Centro Cívico, 21000, Mexicali, Baja California, México.
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11
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DiGuilio KM, Rybakovsky E, Baek Y, Valenzano MC, Mullin JM. The multiphasic TNF-α-induced compromise of Calu-3 airway epithelial barrier function. Exp Lung Res 2023; 49:72-85. [PMID: 37000123 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2023.2193637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Airway epithelial barrier leak and the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines play a key role in a variety of diseases. This study evaluates barrier compromise by the inflammatory mediator Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in the human airway epithelial Calu-3 model. Methods: We examined the effects of TNF-α on barrier function in Calu-3 cell layers using Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TER) and transepithelial diffusion of radiolabeled probe molecules. Western immunoblot analyses of tight junctional (TJ) proteins in detergent soluble fractions were performed. Results: TNF-α dramatically reduced TER and increased paracellular permeability of both 14C-D-mannitol and the larger 5 kDa probe, 14C-inulin. A time course of the effects shows two separate actions on barrier function. An initial compromise of barrier function occurs 2-4 hours after TNF-α exposure, followed by complete recovery of barrier function by 24 hrs. Beginning 48 hrs. post-exposure, a second more sustained barrier compromise ensues, in which leakiness persists through 144 hrs. There were no changes in TJ proteins observed at 3 hrs. post exposure, but significant increases in claudins-2, -3, -4, and -5, as well as a decrease in occludin were seen at 72 hrs. post TNF-α exposure. Both the 2-4 hr. and the 72 hr. TNF-α induced leaks are shown to be mediated by the ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion: TNF-α induced a multiphasic transepithelial leak in Calu-3 cell layers that was shown to be ERK mediated, as well as involve changes in the TJ complex. The micronutrients, retinoic acid and calcitriol, were effective at reducing this barrier compromise caused by TNF-α. The significance of these results for airway disease and for COVID-19 specifically are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoongyeong Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - James M Mullin
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
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12
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Zheng J, Wu F, Wang F, Cheng J, Zou H, Li Y, Du J, Kan J. Biomarkers of Micronutrients and Phytonutrients and Their Application in Epidemiological Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040970. [PMID: 36839326 PMCID: PMC9959711 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional biomarkers can be used as important indicators of nutritional status and play crucial roles in the prevention as well as prognosis optimization of various metabolism-related diseases. Measuring dietary with the deployment of biomarker assessments provides quantitative nutritional information that can better predict the health outcomes. With the increased availability of nutritional biomarkers and the development of assessment tools, the specificity and sensitivity of nutritional biomarkers have been greatly improved. This enables efficient disease surveillance in nutrition research. A wide range of biomarkers have been used in different types of studies, including clinical trials, observational studies, and qualitative studies, to reflect the relationship between diet and health. Through a comprehensive literature search, we reviewed the well-established nutritional biomarkers of vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients, and their association with epidemiological studies, to better understand the role of nutrition in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Zheng
- Nutrilite Health Institute, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd., 240 Hedan Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Feijie Wang
- Nutrilite Health Institute, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junrui Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hong Zou
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd., 240 Hedan Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd., 240 Hedan Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-2305-6982
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13
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Mohammadi AH, Behjati M, Karami M, Abari AH, Sobhani-Nasab A, Rourani HA, Hazrati E, Mirghazanfari SM, Hadi V, Hadi S, Milajerdi A. An overview on role of nutrition on COVID-19 immunity: Accumulative review from available studies. Clin Nutr Open Sci 2023; 47:6-43. [PMID: 36540357 PMCID: PMC9754583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious global threat to health and economy. A common predisposing factor for development to serious progressive disease is presence of a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure. Micronutrient deficiencies may also contribute to the development of this state. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the role of the nutrition to relieve progression of COVID-19. According PRISMA protocol, we conducted an online databases search including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and web of science for published literatures in the era of COVID-19 Outbreak regarding to the status of nutrition and COVID-19 until December 2021. There were available studies (80 studies) providing direct evidence regarding the associations between the status of nutrition and COVID-19 infection. Adequate nutritional supply is essential for resistance against other viral infections and also for improvement of immune function and reduction of inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutritional intervention which secures an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - coronavirus-2) and mitigate its course. We also recommend initiation of adequate nutritional supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority for applying this nutritive adjuvant therapy that should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Karami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrouzossadat Hosseini Abari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Sobhani-Nasab
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Core Research Lab, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Amini Rourani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hazrati
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Vahid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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14
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Sarohan AR, Edipsoy S, Özkurt ZG, Özlü C, Demir AN, Cen O. Vitamin A Deficiency, COVID-19, and Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis (Black Fungus): An Analytical Perspective. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1436:153-166. [PMID: 37253944 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare but serious opportunistic fungal disease characterized by rhino-orbito-cerebral and pulmonary involvement. It is mainly seen in people with secondary immunosuppression, isolated vitamin A deficiency, measles, and AIDS patients. It showed a rise during the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the spring of 2021 in India, especially in diabetic COVID-19 patients. Vitamin A deficiency is known to cause nutritional immunodeficiency and hence leading the way to increased opportunistic fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. In the eye, it causes keratitis, night blindness, xerophthalmia, conjunctivitis, Bitot spots, keratomalacia, and retinopathy. It also causes decreased tear secretion and deterioration of the anatomical/physiological defense barrier of the eye. The negative impact of vitamin A deficiency has been previously demonstrated in measles, AIDS, and COVID-19. We think that mucormycosis in COVID-19 might be rendered by vitamin A deficiency and that vitamin A supplementation may have preventive and therapeutic values against mucormycosis and other ocular symptoms associated with COVID-19. However, any vitamin A treatment regimen needs to be based on laboratory and clinical data and supervised by medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sait Edipsoy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medicina Plus Medical Center, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Can Özlü
- Department of Hematology, Kütahya Health Science University, Evliya Çelebi Education and Research Hospital, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Ayça Nur Demir
- Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Science University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Osman Cen
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Waubonsee College, Sugar Grove, IL, USA
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15
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Qin R, He L, Yang Z, Jia N, Chen R, Xie J, Fu W, Chen H, Lin X, Huang R, Luo T, Liu Y, Yao S, Jiang M, Li J. Identification of Parameters Representative of Immune Dysfunction in Patients with Severe and Fatal COVID-19 Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:33-65. [PMID: 35040086 PMCID: PMC8763427 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal immunological indicators associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 have been reported in several observational studies. However, there are marked heterogeneities in patient characteristics and research methodologies in these studies. We aimed to provide an updated synthesis of the association between immune-related indicators and COVID-19 prognosis. We conducted an electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Willey, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and CNKI for studies reporting immunological and/or immune-related parameters, including hematological, inflammatory, coagulation, and biochemical variables, tested on hospital admission of COVID-19 patients with different severities and outcomes. A total of 145 studies were included in the current meta-analysis, with 26 immunological, 11 hematological, 5 inflammatory, 4 coagulation, and 10 biochemical variables reported. Of them, levels of cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgA, IgG, and CD4+ T/CD8+ T cell ratio, WBC, neutrophil, platelet, ESR, CRP, ferritin, SAA, D-dimer, FIB, and LDH were significantly increased in severely ill patients or non-survivors. Moreover, non-severely ill patients or survivors presented significantly higher counts of lymphocytes, monocytes, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, eosinophils, CD3+ T,CD4+T and CD8+T cells, B cells, and NK cells. The currently updated meta-analysis primarily identified a hypercytokinemia profile with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 containing IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Impaired innate and adaptive immune responses, reflected by decreased eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, B cells, NK cells, T cells, and their subtype CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and augmented inflammation, coagulation dysfunction, and nonpulmonary organ injury, were marked features of patients with poor prognosis. Therefore, parameters of immune response dysfunction combined with inflammatory, coagulated, or nonpulmonary organ injury indicators may be more sensitive to predict severe patients and those non-survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Qin
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Li He
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zhaowei Yang
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Nan Jia
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Ruchong Chen
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jiaxing Xie
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Wanyi Fu
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Hao Chen
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xinliu Lin
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Renbin Huang
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Tian Luo
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yukai Liu
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Siyang Yao
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Mei Jiang
- grid.470124.4National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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16
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Tang W, Zhuang J, Anselmo AC, Xu X, Duan A, Zhang R, Sugarman JL, Zeng Y, Rosenberg E, Graf T, McHugh KJ, Tzeng SY, Behrens AM, Freed LE, Jing L, Jayawardena S, Weinstock SB, Le X, Sears C, Oxley J, Daristotle JL, Collins J, Langer R, Jaklenec A. Enhanced stability and clinical absorption of a form of encapsulated vitamin A for food fortification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211534119. [PMID: 36508653 PMCID: PMC9907063 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211534119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Food fortification is an effective strategy to address vitamin A (VitA) deficiency, which is the leading cause of childhood blindness and drastically increases mortality from severe infections. However, VitA food fortification remains challenging due to significant degradation during storage and cooking. We utilized an FDA-approved, thermostable, and pH-responsive basic methacrylate copolymer (BMC) to encapsulate and stabilize VitA in microparticles (MPs). Encapsulation of VitA in VitA-BMC MPs greatly improved stability during simulated cooking conditions and long-term storage. VitA absorption was nine times greater from cooked MPs than from cooked free VitA in rats. In a randomized controlled cross-over study in healthy premenopausal women, VitA was readily released from MPs after consumption and had a similar absorption profile to free VitA. This VitA encapsulation technology will enable global food fortification strategies toward eliminating VitA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Jia Zhuang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | | | - Xian Xu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Aranda Duan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - James L. Sugarman
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Yingying Zeng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Evan Rosenberg
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Tyler Graf
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Kevin J. McHugh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
- Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Stephany Y. Tzeng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Adam M. Behrens
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Lisa E. Freed
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Lihong Jing
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing100190, China
| | - Surangi Jayawardena
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | | | - Xiao Le
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | | | - James Oxley
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78238
| | - John L. Daristotle
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | | | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Ana Jaklenec
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
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17
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Mendes ADCL, De Souza AMG, Nunes ADDS, Jerez-Roig J, Barbosa IR. Frequency of Vitamin a Deficiency in Children Hospitalized for Pneumonia: An Integrative Review. Public Health Rev 2022; 43:1604500. [PMID: 36588988 PMCID: PMC9799238 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2022.1604500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the frequency of vitamin A deficiency in children aged 6 months to 5 years hospitalized for pneumonia. Methods: An integrative literature review was carried out, where searches were made by two independent researchers, with no language limits or publication time in the databases PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL, and in the gray literature-OpenGrey, Proquest and Google Scholar. In the eligibility phase, the screened studies were read in full and those that did not answer the research question were excluded. Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs & Black (1998) checklist. Results: 1642 articles were identified, after all stages of screening and selection, 10 studies were included, of which 5 were longitudinal, 4 were intervention and 1 transversal. All studies identified subclinical vitamin A deficiency in children hospitalized with pneumonia; the highest frequency of subclinical vitamin A deficiency was 93.2%. All studies evaluated showed frequencies of subclinical vitamin A deficiency >20%. Conclusion: There is a high frequency of subclinical vitamin A deficiency in children with pneumonia; these data need to be further explored in terms of their associations. For this reason, new studies that evaluate this topic are of fundamental importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda De Conceição Leão Mendes
- Department of Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil,*Correspondence: Amanda De Conceição Leão Mendes,
| | | | | | - Javier Jerez-Roig
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Alsalameh S, Alnajjar K, Makhzoum T, Al Eman N, Shakir I, Mir TA, Alkattan K, Chinnappan R, Yaqinuddin A. Advances in Biosensing Technologies for Diagnosis of COVID-19. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:898. [PMID: 36291035 PMCID: PMC9599206 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted normal human life worldwide. Due to its rapid community spread and high mortality statistics, the development of prompt diagnostic tests for a massive number of samples is essential. Currently used traditional methods are often expensive, time-consuming, laboratory-based, and unable to handle a large number of specimens in resource-limited settings. Because of its high contagiousness, efficient identification of SARS-CoV-2 carriers is crucial. As the advantages of adopting biosensors for efficient diagnosis of COVID-19 increase, this narrative review summarizes the recent advances and the respective reasons to consider applying biosensors. Biosensors are the most sensitive, specific, rapid, user-friendly tools having the potential to deliver point-of-care diagnostics beyond traditional standards. This review provides a brief introduction to conventional methods used for COVID-19 diagnosis and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the pathogenesis of COVID-19, potential diagnostic biomarkers, and rapid diagnosis using biosensor technology. The current advancements in biosensing technologies, from academic research to commercial achievements, have been emphasized in recent publications. We covered a wide range of topics, including biomarker detection, viral genomes, viral proteins, immune responses to infection, and other potential proinflammatory biomolecules. Major challenges and prospects for future application in point-of-care settings are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid Alnajjar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Makhzoum
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Al Eman
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Shakir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad Mir
- Laboratory of Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research and Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raja Chinnappan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Estrada-Luna D, Carreón-Torres E, González-Reyes S, Martínez-Salazar MF, Ortiz-Rodríguez MA, Ramírez-Moreno E, Arias-Rico J, Jiménez-Osorio AS. Nutraceuticals for Complementary Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Perspective from Their Use in COVID-19. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101652. [PMID: 36295088 PMCID: PMC9605437 DOI: 10.3390/life12101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been widely reported in some children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Clinical signs of MIS-C are manifested at 2 to 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, where elevated biomarkers of inflammation and cardiac dysfunction are the hallmark of this syndrome when infection or exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed. However, after two years of acknowledgment, MIS-C treatment is still under research to reach safety and effectiveness in the acute phase in children. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the potential use of natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to reduce collateral damage caused by hyperinflammation in MIS-C pathology for new research in treatment and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Estrada-Luna
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Susana González-Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Martínez-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - María Araceli Ortiz-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Iztaccíhuatl 100 Col. Los Volcanes, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-771-717-2000 (ext. 4323)
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20
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Sinnberg T, Lichtensteiger C, Hill-Mündel K, Leischner C, Niessner H, Busch C, Renner O, Wyss N, Flatz L, Lauer UM, Hoelzle LE, Nohr D, Burkard M, Marongiu L, Venturelli S. Vitamin C Deficiency in Blood Samples of COVID-19 Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36009299 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most notable pandemic of the modern era. A relationship between ascorbate (vitamin C) and COVID-19 severity is well known, whereas the role of other vitamins is less understood. The present study compared the blood levels of four vitamins in a cohort of COVID-19 patients with different severities and uninfected individuals. Serum concentrations of ascorbate, calcidiol, retinol, and α-tocopherol were measured in a cohort of 74 COVID-19 patients and 8 uninfected volunteers. The blood levels were statistically compared and additional co-morbidity factors were considered. COVID-19 patients had significantly lower plasma ascorbate levels than the controls (p-value < 0.001), and further stratification revealed that the controls had higher levels than fatal, critical, and severe COVID-19 cases (p-values < 0.001). However, no such trend was observed for calcidiol, retinol, or α-tocopherol (p-value ≥ 0.093). Survival analysis showed that plasma ascorbate below 11.4 µM was associated with a lengthy hospitalization and a high risk of death. The results indicated that COVID-19 cases had depleted blood ascorbate associated with poor medical conditions, confirming the role of this vitamin in the outcome of COVID-19 infection.
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21
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Chakraborty R, Bhattacharje G, Baral J, Manna B, Mullick J, Mathapati BS, Abraham P, J M, Hasija Y, Ghosh A, Das AK. In-silico screening and in-vitro assay show the antiviral effect of Indomethacin against SARS-CoV-2. Comput Biol Med 2022; 147:105788. [PMID: 35809412 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), and till now, it has caused death to more than 6.2 million people. Although various vaccines and drug candidates are being tested globally with limited to moderate success, a comprehensive therapeutic cure is yet to be achieved. In this study, we applied computational drug repurposing methods complemented with the analyses of the already existing gene expression data to find better therapeutics in treatment and recovery. Primarily, we identified the most crucial proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and host human cells responsible for viral infection and host response. An in-silico screening of the existing drugs was performed against the crucial proteins for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a few existing drugs were shortlisted. Further, we analyzed the gene expression data of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung epithelial cells and investigated the molecules that can reverse the cellular mRNA expression profiles in the diseased state. LINCS L1000 and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) were utilized to obtain two sets of compounds that can be used to counter SARS-CoV-2 infection from the gene expression perspective. Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and Vitamin-A were found in two sets of compounds, and in the in-silico screening of existing drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2. Our in-silico findings on Indomethacin were further successfully validated by in-vitro testing in Vero CCL-81 cells with an IC50 of 12 μM. Along with these findings, we briefly discuss the possible roles of Indomethacin and Vitamin-A to counter the SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
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22
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Tong L, Wang L, Liao S, Xiao X, Qu J, Wu C, Zhu Y, Tai W, Huang Y, Wang P, Li L, Zhang R, Xiang Y, Cheng G, Diamond MS. A Retinol Derivative Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Interrupting Spike-Mediated Cellular Entry. mBio. [PMID: 35862773 PMCID: PMC9426596 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01485-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids, a group of compounds including vitamin A and its active metabolite all-
trans
retinoic acid (ATRA), regulate serial physiological activity in multiple organ systems, such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The ATRA analogues reported to date include more than 4,000 natural and synthetic molecules that are structurally and/or functionally related to ATRA.
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23
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Huy LD, Shih CL, Chang YM, Nguyen NTH, Phuc PT, Ou TY, Huang CC. Comparison of COVID-19 Resilience Index and Its Associated Factors across 29 Countries during the Delta and Omicron Variant Periods. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060940. [PMID: 35746548 PMCID: PMC9228202 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to compare the pandemic resilience index and explore the associated factors during the Delta and Omicron variant periods. In addition, the study aims to identify the characteristics of countries that had good performances. We analyzed observation data among 29 countries over the first eight weeks during the two periods of Delta and Omicron variant dominance. Data were extracted from open public databases. The Omicron variant caused a lowered mortality rate per 100,000 COVID-19 patients; however, it is still imposing a colossal burden on health care systems. We found the percentage of the population fully vaccinated and high government indices were significantly associated with a better resilience index in both the Delta and Omicron periods. In contrast, the higher death rate of cancers and greater years lived with disability (YLD) caused by low bone density were linked with poor resilience index in the Omicron periods. Over two periods of Delta and Omicron, countries with good performance had a lower death rate from chronic diseases and lower YLD caused by nutrition deficiency and PM2.5. Our findings suggest that governments need to keep enhancing the vaccine coverage rates, developing interventions for populations with chronic diseases and nutrition deficiency to mitigate COVID-19 impacts on these targeted vulnerable cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Duc Huy
- Health Personnel Training Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49120, Vietnam; (L.D.H.); (N.T.H.N.)
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10675, Taiwan; (Y.-M.C.); (P.T.P.)
| | | | - Yao-Mao Chang
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10675, Taiwan; (Y.-M.C.); (P.T.P.)
- Research Center of Health and Welfare Policy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Nhi Thi Hong Nguyen
- Health Personnel Training Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49120, Vietnam; (L.D.H.); (N.T.H.N.)
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10675, Taiwan; (Y.-M.C.); (P.T.P.)
| | - Phan Thanh Phuc
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10675, Taiwan; (Y.-M.C.); (P.T.P.)
- International Ph.D. Program in Biotech and Healthcare Management, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10675, Taiwan
- Department of Social Work, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Tsong-Yih Ou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei 23143, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chien Huang
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10675, Taiwan; (Y.-M.C.); (P.T.P.)
- International Ph.D. Program in Biotech and Healthcare Management, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10675, Taiwan
- Department of Long-Term Care and School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department and School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Quality, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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24
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Režen T, Martins A, Mraz M, Zimic N, Rozman D, Moškon M. Integration of omics data to generate and analyse COVID-19 specific genome-scale metabolic models. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105428. [PMID: 35339845 PMCID: PMC8940269 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 presents a complex disease that needs to be addressed using systems medicine approaches that include genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs). Previous studies have used a single model extraction method (MEM) and/or a single transcriptomic dataset to reconstruct context-specific models, which proved to be insufficient for the broader biological contexts. We have applied four MEMs in combination with five COVID-19 datasets. Models produced by GIMME were separated by infection, while tINIT preserved the biological variability in the data and enabled the best prediction of the enrichment of metabolic subsystems. Vitamin D3 metabolism was predicted to be down-regulated in one dataset by GIMME, and in all by tINIT. Models generated by tINIT and GIMME predicted downregulation of retinol metabolism in different datasets, while downregulated cholesterol metabolism was predicted only by tINIT-generated models. Predictions are in line with the observations in COVID-19 patients. Our data indicated that GIMME and tINIT models provided the most biologically relevant results and should have a larger emphasis in further analyses. Particularly tINIT models identified the metabolic pathways that are a part of the host response and are potential antiviral targets. The code and the results of the analyses are available to download from https://github.com/CompBioLj/COVID_GEMs_and_MEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeja Režen
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Miha Mraz
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikolaj Zimic
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Moškon
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Corresponding author
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25
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Battaglini D, Lopes-Pacheco M, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Laboratory Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857573. [PMID: 35572561 PMCID: PMC9091347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, with progression to multiorgan failure in the most severe cases. Several biomarkers can be altered in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they can be associated with diagnosis, prognosis, and outcomes. The most used biomarkers in COVID-19 include several proinflammatory cytokines, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), neutrophil count, neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio, troponins, creatine kinase (MB), myoglobin, D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and its N-terminal pro-hormone (NT-proBNP). Some of these biomarkers can be readily used to predict disease severity, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality, while others, such as metabolomic and proteomic analysis, have not yet translated to clinical practice. This narrative review aims to identify laboratory biomarkers that have shown significant diagnostic and prognostic value for risk stratification in COVID-19 and discuss the possible clinical application of novel analytic strategies, like metabolomics and proteomics. Future research should focus on identifying a limited but essential number of laboratory biomarkers to easily predict prognosis and outcome in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Battaglini
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,COVID-19 Virus Network from Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil.,COVID-19 Virus Network from Foundation Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Vollenberg R, Tepasse PR, Fobker M, Hüsing-Kabar A. Significantly Reduced Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Levels in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 35631143 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The disease causes respiratory failure in some individuals accompanied by marked hyperinflammation. Vitamin A (syn. retinol) can exist in the body in the storage form as retinyl ester, or in the transcriptionally active form as retinoic acid. The main function of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), synthesized in the liver, is to transport hydrophobic vitamin A to various tissues. Vitamin A has an important role in the innate and acquired immune system. In particular, it is involved in the repair of lung tissue after infections. In viral respiratory diseases such as influenza pneumonia, vitamin A supplementation has been shown to reduce mortality in animal models. In critically ill COVID-19 patients, a significant decrease in plasma vitamin A levels and an association with increased mortality have been observed. However, there is no evidence on RBP4 in relation to COVID-19. This prospective, multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study examined RBP4 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and vitamin A plasma levels (high-performance liquid chromatography) in COVID-19 patients, including 59 hospitalized patients. Of these, 19 developed critical illness (ARDS/ECMO), 20 developed severe illness (oxygenation disorder), and 20 developed moderate illness (no oxygenation disorder). Twenty age-matched convalescent patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection, were used as a control group. Reduced RBP4 plasma levels significantly correlated with impaired liver function and elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, lymphocytopenia). RBP4 levels were decreased in hospitalized patients with critical illness compared to nonpatients (p < 0.01). In comparison, significantly lower vitamin A levels were detected in hospitalized patients regardless of disease severity. Overall, we conclude that RBP4 plasma levels are significantly reduced in critically ill COVID-19 patients during acute inflammation, and vitamin A levels are significantly reduced in patients with moderate/severe/critical illness during the acute phase of illness.
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27
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Singh B, Eshaghian E, Chuang J, Covasa M. Do Diet and Dietary Supplements Mitigate Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091909. [PMID: 35565876 PMCID: PMC9104892 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic and upheaval that health authorities and citizens around the globe are still grappling with to this day. While public health measures, vaccine development, and new therapeutics have made great strides in understanding and managing the pandemic, there has been an increasing focus on the potential roles of diet and supplementation in disease prevention and adjuvant treatment. In the literature, the impact of nutrition on other respiratory illnesses, including the common cold, pneumonia, and influenza, has been widely demonstrated in both animal and human models. However, there is much less research on the impact related to COVID-19. The present study discusses the potential uses of diets, vitamins, and supplements, including the Mediterranean diet, glutathione, zinc, and traditional Chinese medicine, in the prevention of infection and severe illness. The evidence demonstrating the efficacy of diet supplementation on infection risk, disease duration, severity, and recovery is mixed and inconsistent. More clinical trials are necessary in order to clearly demonstrate the contribution of nutrition and to guide potential therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavdeep Singh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (B.S.); (E.E.); (J.C.)
| | - Eli Eshaghian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (B.S.); (E.E.); (J.C.)
| | - Judith Chuang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (B.S.); (E.E.); (J.C.)
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (B.S.); (E.E.); (J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Suceava, 7200229 Suceava, Romania
- Correspondence:
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28
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Voelkle M, Gregoriano C, Neyer P, Koch D, Kutz A, Bernasconi L, Conen A, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: An Observational Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091862. [PMID: 35565831 PMCID: PMC9101904 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A higher risk for severe clinical courses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been linked to deficiencies of several micronutrients. We therefore studied the prevalence of deficiencies of eight different micronutrients in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19-patients. Methods: We measured admission serum/plasma levels of vitamins A, B12, D, and E, as well as folic acid, zinc, selenium, and copper in 57 consecutively admitted adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 and analyzed prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and correlations among micronutrient levels. Further, we studied associations of micronutrient levels with severe disease progression, a composite endpoint consisting of in-hospital mortality and/or need for intensive care unit (ICU) treatment with logistic regression. Results: Median age was 67.0 years (IQR 60.0, 74.2) and 60% (n = 34) were male. Overall, 79% (n = 45) of patients had at least one deficient micronutrient level and 33% (n = 19) had ≥3 deficiencies. Most prevalent deficiencies were found for selenium, vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc (51%, 40%, 39%, and 39%, respectively). We found several correlations among micronutrients with correlation coefficients ranging from r = 0.27 to r = 0.42. The strongest associations with lower risk for severe COVID-19 disease progression (adjusted odds ratios) were found for higher levels of vitamin A (0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.69, p = 0.01), zinc (0.73, 95% CI 0.55–0.98, p = 0.03), and folic acid (0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.98, p = 0.02). Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in mostly older patients hospitalized for COVID-19, particularly regarding selenium, vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc. Several deficiencies were associated with a higher risk for more severe COVID-19 courses. Whether supplementation of micronutrients is useful for prevention of severe clinical courses or treatment of COVID-19 warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyola Voelkle
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Claudia Gregoriano
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Peter Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (P.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Daniel Koch
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Alexander Kutz
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Luca Bernasconi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (P.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Anna Conen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-62-838-9524
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29
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Islam MA, Haque MA, Rahman MA, Hossen F, Reza M, Barua A, Marzan AA, Das T, Kumar Baral S, He C, Ahmed F, Bhattacharya P, Jakariya M. A Review on Measures to Rejuvenate Immune System: Natural Mode of Protection Against Coronavirus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837290. [PMID: 35371007 PMCID: PMC8965011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a novel Corona virus strain, was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of December 16, 2021, almost 4,822,472 people had died and over 236,132,082 were infected with this lethal viral infection. It is believed that the human immune system is thought to play a critical role in the initial phase of infection when the viruses invade the host cells. Although some effective vaccines have already been on the market, researchers and many bio-pharmaceuticals are still working hard to develop a fully functional vaccine or more effective therapeutic agent against the COVID-19. Other efforts, in addition to functional vaccines, can help strengthen the immune system to defeat the corona virus infection. Herein, we have reviewed some of those proven measures, following which a more efficient immune system can be better prepared to fight viral infection. Among these, dietary supplements like- fresh vegetables and fruits offer a plentiful of vitamins and antioxidants, enabling to build of a healthy immune system. While the pharmacologically active components of medicinal plants directly aid in fighting against viral infection, supplementary supplements combined with a healthy diet will assist to regulate the immune system and will prevent viral infection. In addition, some personal habits, like- regular physical exercise, intermittent fasting, and adequate sleep, had also been proven to aid the immune system in becoming an efficient one. Maintaining each of these will strengthen the immune system, allowing innate immunity to become a more defensive and active antagonistic mechanism against corona-virus infection. However, because dietary treatments take longer to produce beneficial effects in adaptive maturation, personalized nutrition cannot be expected to have an immediate impact on the global outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiqul Haque
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arifur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Foysal Hossen
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mahin Reza
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abanti Barua
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Marzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tuhin Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Cheng He
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research@KTH, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Md Jakariya
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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30
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Yu L, Wang Y, Yu D, Zhang S, Zheng F, Ding N, Zhu L, Zhu Q, Sun W, Li S, Zhang G, Chen L, Liu Y, Yang L, Feng J. Association between Serum Vitamin A, Blood Lipid Level and Dyslipidemia among Chinese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071444. [PMID: 35406055 PMCID: PMC9002720 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To study the relationship between serum vitamin A (VA) level and blood lipid profiles in children and adolescents aged 6−18 years, as well as the effect of VA on dyslipidemia. Methods: The project adopted a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain dietary factors data. Blood samples of subjects were taken via venipuncture. Generalized linear models were used to explore the correlation be-tween VA and biochemical indicators, as well as stratified and inter-actions analysis to explore the influence of confounders on these relationships. Generalized linear models were constructed to explore the association between VA and blood lipids. Restricted cubic splines were used to characterize dose−response associations between serum VA and dyslipidemia based on logistic regression. Results: Serum VA was positively correlated with TC, TG and HDL-C (p < 0.05), but these associations were influenced by age (p < 0.05). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) values of VA for hypercho lesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia were 3.283, 3.239, 5.219 and 0.346, respectively (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, significant age interactions affected the relationship between VA and TC, as well as TG and LDL-C (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Serum VA was positively correlated with blood lipids, but these associations were influenced by age. VA was a risk factor for dyslipidemias, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia, but was a protective factor for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlong Yu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Dongmei Yu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Shixiu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Fengjia Zheng
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China;
| | - Lichao Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China;
| | - Qianrang Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Wenkui Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Suyun Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Gaohui Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Liangxia Chen
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yiya Liu
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Li Yang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250021, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-18615422180 (L.Y.); +86-0531-82166927 (J.F.)
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-18615422180 (L.Y.); +86-0531-82166927 (J.F.)
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Byun J, Han Y, Walsh KM, Park AS, Bondy ML, Amos CI. Shared genomic architecture between COVID-19 severity and numerous clinical and physiologic parameters revealed by LD score regression analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1891. [PMID: 35115602 PMCID: PMC8814062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has produced broad clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic infection to hospitalization and death. Despite progress from genomic and clinical epidemiology research, risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 are incompletely understood and identification of modifiable risk factors is desperately needed. We conducted linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) analysis to estimate cross-trait genetic correlation between COVID-19 severity and various polygenic phenotypes. To attenuate the genetic contribution of smoking and BMI, we further conducted sensitivity analyses by pruning genomic regions associated with smoking/BMI and repeating LDSR analyses. We identified robust positive associations between the genetic architecture of severe COVID-19 and both BMI and smoking. We observed strong positive genetic correlation (rg) with diabetes (rg = 0.25) and shortness of breath walking on level ground (rg = 0.28) and novel protective associations with vitamin E (rg = - 0.53), calcium (rg = - 0.33), retinol (rg = - 0.59), Apolipoprotein A (rg = - 0.13), and HDL (rg = - 0.17), but no association with vitamin D (rg = - 0.02). Removing genomic regions associated with smoking and BMI generally attenuated the associations, but the associations with nutrient biomarkers persisted. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the shared genetic architecture of COVID-19 severity and numerous clinical/physiologic parameters. Associations with blood and plasma-derived traits identified biomarkers for Mendelian randomization studies to explore causality and nominates therapeutic targets for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Byun
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Younghun Han
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy S Park
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Vollenberg R, Tepasse PR, Ochs K, Floer M, Strauss M, Rennebaum F, Kabar I, Rovas A, Nowacki T. Indications of Persistent Glycocalyx Damage in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Hypothesis. Viruses 2021; 13:2324. [PMID: 34835130 DOI: 10.3390/v13112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus and can lead to severe lung damage and hyperinflammation. In the context of COVID-19 infection, inflammation-induced degradation of the glycocalyx layer in endothelial cells has been demonstrated. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is an established parameter for measuring glycocalyx injury. This prospective, multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study analyzed SDC-1 levels in 24 convalescent patients that had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 with mild disease course without need of hospitalization. We included 13 age-matched healthy individuals and 10 age-matched hospitalized COVID-19 patients with acute mild disease course as controls. In convalescent COVID-19 patients, significantly elevated SDC-1 levels were detected after a median of 88 days after symptom onset compared to healthy controls, whereas no difference was found when compared to SDC-1 levels of hospitalized patients undergoing acute disease. This study is the first to demonstrate signs of endothelial damage in non-pre-diseased, convalescent COVID-19 patients after mild disease progression without hospitalization. The data are consistent with studies showing evidence of persistent endothelial damage after severe or critical disease progression. Further work to investigate endothelial damage in convalescent COVID-19 patients should follow.
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Saeed H, Osama H, Abdelrahman MA, Madney YM, Harb HS, Abdelrahim MEA, Ali F. Vitamins and other immune-supportive elements as cofactors for passing the COVID-19 pandemic. Beni Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 2021; 10:71. [PMID: 34729372 PMCID: PMC8554510 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease that causes a respiratory disorder, started in December of 2019 in China. Several vitamins and trace elements could help in enhancing host immunity producing antioxidant or anti-inflammatory action. This work aimed to identify the role of different nutrition, vitamins, and trace elements on the immunity status of the infected subject and the possibility of the beneficial role of these elements in the management of COVID-19. MAIN BODY After collecting (PubMed, scholar, OVID, Embase, Cochrane Library) and investigating published articles, testing the effect of these elements on viral infection, it was found that most of these elements have a significant role during viral infection through a different mechanism, like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulation. Nutritional interventions in COVID-19 infections are very important currently, and it was reported that vitamin C and D reduce the risk of acute respiratory infections. In addition, low vitamin A diets compromise the effectiveness of inactivated bovine coronavirus vaccines. Administration of N-acetyl cysteine showed a beneficial inhibitory effect in viral infections and enhanced glutathione production. The deficiency of selenium on COVID-19 subjects has a significant impact on the clinical outcome of the subjects. In addition, supplementation with vitamins proved to enhance immune response during viral infection. Vitamins and trace elements not only showed a beneficial effect but also Omega 3 fatty acids showed an immunomodulating effect during infections. SHORT CONCLUSIONS Assessment of levels for these trace elements at the baseline and providing supplementation containing different vitamins and elements could result in better control and clinical outcomes in the case of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Saeed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa Osama
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mona A. Abdelrahman
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M. Madney
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hadeer S. Harb
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma Ali
- Food Hygiene, Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Tomasa-Irriguible TM, Bielsa-Berrocal L, Bordejé-Laguna L, Tural-Llàcher C, Barallat J, Manresa-Domínguez JM, Torán-Monserrat P. Low Levels of Few Micronutrients May Impact COVID-19 Disease Progression: An Observational Study on the First Wave. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090565. [PMID: 34564381 PMCID: PMC8467487 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an observational study performed between March and May 2020 in a Spanish university hospital during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The main objective was to analyse the association between the levels of micronutrients in severe COVID-19 patients and their outcome. Adult patients with a positive polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharyngeal swab or in tracheal aspirate culture in the case of intubation were included. Micronutrient data were obtained from plasma analysis of a standard nutritional assessment performed within the first 24 h of hospital admission. Vitamins A, B6, C and E were analysed with HPLC methods; 25-OH-vitamin D by immunoassay and zinc by colorimetric measurements. One hundred and twenty patients were included. We found that 74.2% patients had low levels of zinc (normal levels >84 µg/dL) with a mean value of 63.5 (SD 13.5); 71.7% patients had low levels of vitamin A (normal levels >0.3 mg/L) with a mean value of 0.17 (SD 0.06); 42.5% patients had low levels of vitamin B6 (normal levels >3.6 ng/mL) with a mean value of 2.2 (SD 0.9); 100% patients had low levels of vitamin C (normal levels >0.4 mg/dL) with a mean value of 0.14 (SD 0.05); 74.3% patients had low values of vitamin D (normal levels >20 ng/mL) with mean value of 11.4 (SD 4.3); but only 5.8% of patients had low levels of vitamin E (normal levels >5 mg/L) with a mean value of 3.95 (SD 0.87). The variables associated with the need for ICU admission were low levels of zinc (standard error 0.566, 95% CI 0.086 to 0.790, p = 0.017), low levels of vitamin A (standard error 0.582, 95% CI 0.061 to 0.594, p = 0.004), age over 65 (standard error 0.018, 95% CI 0.917 to 0.985, p = 0.005) and male gender (standard error 0.458, 95% CI 1.004 to 6.040, p = 0.049). The only variable that was independently associated with the need for orotracheal intubation was low levels of vitamin A (standard error 0.58, 95% CI 0.042 to 0.405, p = 0.000). Conclusions: Low levels of vitamin A and zinc are associated with a greater need for admission to the ICU and orotracheal intubation. Patients older than 65 years had higher mortality. Randomized clinical trials are needed to examine whether micronutrient supplementation could be beneficial as an adjunctive treatment in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa-Maria Tomasa-Irriguible
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.B.-B.); (L.B.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lara Bielsa-Berrocal
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.B.-B.); (L.B.-L.)
| | - Luisa Bordejé-Laguna
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.B.-B.); (L.B.-L.)
| | - Cristina Tural-Llàcher
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Jaume Barallat
- Biochemical Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Josep-Maria Manresa-Domínguez
- North Metropolitan Research Support Unit, Jordi Gol i Gurina Foundation Institute for Research in Primary Health Care (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Mataró, Spain; (J.-M.M.-D.); (P.T.-M.)
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- North Metropolitan Research Support Unit, Jordi Gol i Gurina Foundation Institute for Research in Primary Health Care (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Mataró, Spain; (J.-M.M.-D.); (P.T.-M.)
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