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Pinto GDA, Murgia A, Lai C, Ferreira CS, Goes VA, Guimarães DDAB, Ranquine LG, Reis DL, Struchiner CJ, Griffin JL, Burton GJ, Torres AG, El-Bacha T. Sphingolipids and acylcarnitines are altered in placentas from women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:921-932. [PMID: 36539977 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200397x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common medical complication of pregnancy and a severe threat to pregnant people and offspring health. The molecular origins of GDM, and in particular the placental responses, are not fully known. The present study aimed to perform a comprehensive characterisation of the lipid species in placentas from pregnancies complicated with GDM using high-resolution MS lipidomics, with a particular focus on sphingolipids and acylcarnitines in a semi-targeted approach. The results indicated that despite no major disruption in lipid metabolism, placentas from GDM pregnancies showed significant alterations in sphingolipids, mostly lower abundance of total ceramides. Additionally, very long-chain ceramides and sphingomyelins with twenty-four carbons were lower, and glucosylceramides with sixteen carbons were higher in placentas from GDM pregnancies. Semi-targeted lipidomics revealed the strong impact of GDM on the placental acylcarnitine profile, particularly lower contents of medium and long-chain fatty-acyl carnitine species. The lower contents of sphingolipids may affect the secretory function of the placenta, and lower contents of long-chain fatty acylcarnitines is suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction. These alterations in placental lipid metabolism may have consequences for fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela D A Pinto
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Lai
- University of Cagliari, Department of Life and Environmental Science, Cagliari Via Ospedale, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carolina S Ferreira
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Goes
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Deborah de A B Guimarães
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Layla G Ranquine
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Desirée L Reis
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Claudio J Struchiner
- School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
- Lipid Biochemistry and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana El-Bacha
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lipid Biochemistry and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gama-Almeida MC, Pinto GDA, Teixeira L, Hottz ED, Ivens P, Ribeiro H, Garrett R, Torres AG, Carneiro TIA, Barbalho BDO, Ludwig C, Struchiner CJ, Assunção-Miranda I, Valente APC, Bozza FA, Bozza PT, Dos Santos GC, El-Bacha T. Integrated NMR and MS Analysis of the Plasma Metabolome Reveals Major Changes in One-Carbon, Lipid, and Amino Acid Metabolism in Severe and Fatal Cases of COVID-19. Metabolites 2023; 13:879. [PMID: 37512587 PMCID: PMC10384698 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil has the second-highest COVID-19 death rate worldwide, and Rio de Janeiro is among the states with the highest rate in the country. Although vaccine coverage has been achieved, it is anticipated that COVID-19 will transition into an endemic disease. It is concerning that the molecular mechanisms underlying clinical evolution from mild to severe disease, as well as the mechanisms leading to long COVID-19, are not yet fully understood. NMR and MS-based metabolomics were used to identify metabolites associated with COVID-19 pathophysiology and disease outcome. Severe COVID-19 cases (n = 35) were enrolled in two reference centers in Rio de Janeiro within 72 h of ICU admission, alongside 12 non-infected control subjects. COVID-19 patients were grouped into survivors (n = 18) and non-survivors (n = 17). Choline-related metabolites, serine, glycine, and betaine, were reduced in severe COVID-19, indicating dysregulation in methyl donors. Non-survivors had higher levels of creatine/creatinine, 4-hydroxyproline, gluconic acid, and N-acetylserine, indicating liver and kidney dysfunction. Several changes were greater in women; thus, patients' sex should be considered in pandemic surveillance to achieve better disease stratification and improve outcomes. These metabolic alterations may be useful to monitor organ (dys) function and to understand the pathophysiology of acute and possibly post-acute COVID-19 syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos C Gama-Almeida
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gabriela D A Pinto
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lívia Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36936-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Ivens
- LabMeta, Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Hygor Ribeiro
- LabMeta, Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Lipid Biochemistry and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Rafael Garrett
- LabMeta, Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Lipid Biochemistry and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Talita I A Carneiro
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bianca de O Barbalho
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SQ, UK
| | - Claudio J Struchiner
- School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro 22231-080, Brazil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- LaRIV, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C Valente
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Jiri Jonas, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil
| | - Gilson C Dos Santos
- LabMet-Laboratory of Metabolomics, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes (IBRAG), Department of Genetics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Tatiana El-Bacha
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondrial and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Lipid Biochemistry and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
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Ferreira CS, Pinto GDA, Reis DL, Vigor C, Goes VA, Guimarães DDAB, Mucci DB, Belcastro L, Saraiva MA, Oger C, Galano JM, Sardinha FLC, Torres AG, Durand T, Burton GJ, El-Bacha T. Placental F 4-Neuroprostanes and F 2-Isoprostanes are altered in gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal obesity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 189:102529. [PMID: 36608621 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associated with maternal obesity modifies the placental profile of F4-Neuroprostanes and F2-Isoprostanes, metabolites of non-enzymatic oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), respectively. Twenty-five placental samples were divided into lean (n=11), obesity (n=7) and overweight/obesity+GDM (n=7) groups. F4-Neuroprostanes and F2-Isoprostanes were higher in obesity compared to lean controls, but reduced to levels similar to lean women when obesity is further complicated with GDM. Lower content of F2-Isoprostanes suggests adaptive placental responses in GDM attenuating oxidative stress. However, low levels of placental F4-Neuroprostanes may indicate impaired DHA metabolism in GDM, affecting fetal development and offspring health. These results were not related to differences in placental content of DHA, AA and polyunsaturated fatty acids status nor to maternal diet or gestational weight gain. Placental DHA and AA metabolism differs in obesity and GDM, highlighting the importance of investigating the signalling roles of F4-Neuroprostanes and F2-Isoprostanes in the human term placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Ferreira
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela D A Pinto
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Desirée L Reis
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bâtiment Balard, 1919 route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Vanessa A Goes
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deborah de A B Guimarães
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela B Mucci
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Belcastro
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelle A Saraiva
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bâtiment Balard, 1919 route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bâtiment Balard, 1919 route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Fátima L C Sardinha
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Lipids, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bâtiment Balard, 1919 route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23EG, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana El-Bacha
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23EG, United Kingdom.
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Belcastro L, Ferreira CS, Saraiva MA, Mucci DB, Murgia A, Lai C, Vigor C, Oger C, Galano JM, Pinto GDA, Griffin JL, Torres AG, Durand T, Burton GJ, Sardinha FLC, El-Bacha T. Decreased Fatty Acid Transporter FABP1 and Increased Isoprostanes and Neuroprostanes in the Human Term Placenta: Implications for Inflammation and Birth Weight in Maternal Pre-Gestational Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:2768. [PMID: 34444927 PMCID: PMC8398812 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age in developed and developing countries might propagate intergenerational cycles of detrimental effects on metabolic health. Placental lipid metabolism is disrupted by maternal obesity, which possibly affects the life-long health of the offspring. Here, we investigated placental lipid metabolism in women with pre-gestational obesity as a sole pregnancy complication and compared it to placental responses of lean women. Open profile and targeted lipidomics were used to assess placental lipids and oxidised products of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), respectively, neuroprostanes and isoprostanes. Despite no overall signs of lipid accumulation, DHA and AA levels in placentas from obese women were, respectively, 2.2 and 2.5 times higher than those from lean women. Additionally, a 2-fold increase in DHA-derived neuroprostanes and a 1.7-fold increase in AA-derived isoprostanes were seen in the obese group. These changes correlated with a 70% decrease in placental FABP1 protein. Multivariate analyses suggested that neuroprostanes and isoprostanes are associated with maternal and placental inflammation and with birth weight. These results might shed light on the molecular mechanisms associated with altered placental fatty acid metabolism in maternal pre-gestational obesity, placing these oxidised fatty acids as novel mediators of placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Belcastro
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.B.); (M.A.S.); (D.B.M.)
| | - Carolina S. Ferreira
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (G.D.A.P.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Marcelle A. Saraiva
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.B.); (M.A.S.); (D.B.M.)
| | - Daniela B. Mucci
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.B.); (M.A.S.); (D.B.M.)
| | - Antonio Murgia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK; (A.M.); (J.L.G.)
| | - Carla Lai
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bâtiment Balard, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (C.V.); (C.O.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bâtiment Balard, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (C.V.); (C.O.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bâtiment Balard, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (C.V.); (C.O.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Gabriela D. A. Pinto
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (G.D.A.P.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK; (A.M.); (J.L.G.)
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Alexandre G. Torres
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (G.D.A.P.); (A.G.T.)
- Lipid Biochemistry and Lipidomics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bâtiment Balard, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (C.V.); (C.O.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Graham J. Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK;
| | - Fátima L. C. Sardinha
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.B.); (M.A.S.); (D.B.M.)
| | - Tatiana El-Bacha
- LeBioME-Bioactives, Mitochondria and Placental Metabolism Core, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (G.D.A.P.); (A.G.T.)
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK;
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Silva LDO, Garrett R, Monteiro MLG, Conte-Junior CA, Torres AG. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel fractions obtained by supercritical CO 2 increase oxidative and colour stability of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) patties treated by UV-C irradiation. Food Chem 2021; 362:130159. [PMID: 34167065 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The sequential fractionation by supercritical-CO2 (SC-CO2) was applied to obtain fractions enriched in bioactive compounds of pomegranate peel, and we investigated if pomegranate peel extract and fractions would be effective to inhibit lipid and protein oxidation, and discolouration of bluefish patties stored at 4 °C for 9 days, after UV-C irradiation. The non-fractionated SC-CO2 extract from pomegranate peel was rich in phenolic compounds, mainly ellagitannins, besides, it possessed lipophilic compounds such as tocopherols and β-carotene. These compounds were successfully separated by the fractionation protocols, in a lipid fraction concentrated in lipophilic compounds, and one or two fractions enriched with phenolic compounds, especially ellagitannins. The lipid fraction and the high phenolics fraction from pomegranate peel were then as effective as the synthetic antioxidant BHT in avoiding bluefish patties oxidation during refrigerated storage. Our data indicates that pomegranate peel fractions could be used to replace a synthetic antioxidant in fish meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís de O Silva
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry and Food Science and Lipid Biochemistry and Lipidomics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rafael Garrett
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Laboratory for the Support of Technological Development, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lúcia G Monteiro
- Center for Food Analysis, Laboratory for the Support of Technological Development, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis, Laboratory for the Support of Technological Development, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry and Food Science and Lipid Biochemistry and Lipidomics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
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6
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Fraga JL, Souza CPL, Pereira ADS, Aguieiras ECG, de Silva LO, Torres AG, Freire DG, Amaral PFF. Palm oil wastes as feedstock for lipase production by Yarrowia lipolytica and biocatalyst application/reuse. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:191. [PMID: 33927982 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Palm oil production chain generates a greasy residue in the refining stage, the Palm Oil Deodorizer Distillate (PODD), mainly composed of free fatty acids. Palm oil is also used industrially to fry foods, generating a residual frying oil (RFO). In this paper, we aimed to produce lipase from palm agro-industrial wastes using an unconventional yeast. RFO_palm, from a known source, consisted of 0.11% MAG + FFA, 1.5% DAG, and 97.5 TAG, while RFO_commercial, from a commercial restaurant, contained 6.7% of DAG and 93.3% of TAG. All palm oil wastes were useful for extracellular lipase production, especially RFO_commercial that provided the highest activity (4.9 U/mL) and productivity (465 U/L.h) in 75 h of processing time. In 48 h of process, PODD presented 2.3 U/mL of lipase activity and 48.5 U/L.h of productivity. RFO_commercial also showed the highest values for lipase associated to cell debris (843 U/g). This naturally immobilized biocatalyst was tested on hydrolysis reactions to produce Lipolyzed Milk Fat and was quite efficient, with a hydrolysis yield of 13.1% and 3-cycle reuse. Therefore, oily palm residues seem a promising alternative to produce lipases by the non-pathogenic yeast Y. lipolytica and show great potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jully L Fraga
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Camila P L Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Adejanildo da S Pereira
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Erika C G Aguieiras
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus UFRJ - Duque de Caxias Prof. Geraldo Cidade, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25.240-005 Brazil
| | - Laís O de Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional E de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional E de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Denise G Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Priscilla F F Amaral
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
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Akil E, Pereira ADS, El-Bacha T, Amaral PF, Torres AG. Efficient production of bioactive structured lipids by fast acidolysis catalyzed by Yarrowia lipolytica lipase, free and immobilized in chitosan-alginate beads, in solvent-free medium. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:910-918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Costa AM, Moretti LK, Simões G, Silva KA, Calado V, Tonon RV, Torres AG. Microencapsulation of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil by complex coacervation: Development of a potential functional ingredient for food application. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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9
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Furse S, Torres AG, Koulman A. Fermentation of Milk into Yoghurt and Cheese Leads to Contrasting Lipid and Glyceride Profiles. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092178. [PMID: 31514309 PMCID: PMC6770487 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the consumption of fermented dairy products such as cheese and yoghurt is associated with a reduced risk of type II diabetes. This effect is greater than in fresh milk and differs between cheese and yoghurt. However, the molecular components responsible for the effect are not known. We tested the hypothesis that the lipid and/or glyceride profiles of yoghurts and cheeses are distinct from one another and fresh milk. We developed a novel sample preparation technique for high-fat samples that can be used with Direct Infusion–Mass Spectrometry. We found that the lipid and glyceride profiles of cheddars from the UK, Ireland and France, and hard cheeses from Sweden and Italy were similar to one another but distinct from unfermented dairy products. The lipid and glyceride profile of yoghurts was varied and included types that may be similar to fresh milk. Several odd-chain-containing triglycerides were more abundant, while a variety of others were less abundant, in fermented milk samples. Phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were more abundant in cheeses, with evidence that the phosphatidylethanomine profile is re-modelled in a way that reflects the bacterial cell envelope. We concluded that a combination of microorganismal metabolism, concentration of the lipid/glyceride fraction and oxidation during fermentation contribute to the observed lipid profile if fermented dairy foods. These differences in the lipid and glyceride profile provide a new avenue for understanding why different fermented dairy foods show a different association with reduced disease risk compared to unfermented dairy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRL Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos e Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica de Lipídios, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT/ Bl. A, Rio de Janeiro 21949-909, Brazil.
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRL Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Machado MR, Kamp F, Nunes JC, El-Bacha T, Torres AG. Breast Milk Content of Vitamin A and E from Early- to Mid-Lactation Is Affected by Inadequate Dietary Intake in Brazilian Adult Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092025. [PMID: 31470574 PMCID: PMC6770016 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aims were to investigate vitamin A and E status during lactation and the determinants of breast milk content for the appropriate nutrition of the infant in a study with nursing Brazilian women. We hypothesized that both inadequate intake and the lipoprotein distribution of vitamin A and E during lactation could have an impact on their breast milk levels from early- to mid-lactation. Nineteen adult lactating women participated in this longitudinal observational study, in which dietary records, blood and mature breast milk samples were collected for the analysis of vitamin A and E, and carotenoids in early- (2nd to 4th week) and mid-lactation (12th to 14th week). Nutrient intake was balanced by the Multiple Source Method (MSM), and the intake of vitamin A and E was inadequate in 74 and 100% of the women, respectively. However, these results were not reflected in low serum concentrations of retinol and only 37% of the volunteers were vitamin E deficient according to the blood biomarker. As lactation progressed, vitamin A and E status worsened, and this was clearly observed by the decrease in their content in breast milk. The reduced content of vitamin A and E in the breast milk was not related to their distribution in lipoproteins. Taken together, the contents of vitamin A and E in breast milk seemed to be more sensitive markers of maternal nutrition status than respective blood concentrations, and dietary assessment by the MSM in early lactation was sensitive to indicate later risks of deficiency and should support maternal dietary guidance to improve the infant’s nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Machado
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- School of Nutrition, Faculdade Arthur Sa Earp Neto (FMP/FASE), Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro 25680-120, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Kamp
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil.
- Biochemistry Core, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, Brazil.
| | - Juliana C Nunes
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-250, Brazil
| | - Tatiana El-Bacha
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil.
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de O. Silva L, Ranquine LG, Monteiro M, Torres AG. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil enriched with conjugated linolenic acid (cLnA), phenolic compounds and tocopherols: Improved extraction of a specialty oil by supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Morici L, Torres AG, Titball RW. Novel multi-component vaccine approaches for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:178-188. [PMID: 30963550 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. Historically believed to be a relatively rare human disease in tropical countries, a recent study estimated that, worldwide, there are approximately 165 000 human melioidosis cases per year, more than half of whom die. The bacterium is inherently resistant to many antibiotics and treatment of the disease is often protracted and ineffective. There is no licensed vaccine against melioidosis, but a vaccine is predicted to be of value if used in high-risk populations. There has been progress over the last decade in the pursuit of an effective vaccine against melioidosis. Animal models of disease including mouse and non-human primates have been developed, and these models show that antibody responses play a key role in protection against melioidosis. Surprisingly, although B. pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen there is limited evidence that CD8+ T cells play a role in protection. It is evident that a multi-component vaccine, incorporating one or more protective antigens, will probably be essential for protection because of the pathogen's sophisticated virulence mechanisms as well as strain heterogeneity. Multi-component vaccines in development include glycoconjugates, multivalent subunit preparations, outer membrane vesicles and other nano/microparticle platforms and live-attenuated or inactivated bacteria. A consistent finding with vaccine candidates tested in mice is the ability to induce sterilizing immunity at low challenge doses and extended time to death at higher challenge doses. Further research to identify ways of eliciting more potent immune responses might provide a path for licensing an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - R W Titball
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Carvalho AG, Silva KA, Silva LO, Costa AM, Akil E, Coelho MA, Torres AG. Jussara berry (Euterpe edulis M.) oil-in-water emulsions are highly stable: the role of natural antioxidants in the fruit oil. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:90-99. [PMID: 29797322 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidants help prevent lipid oxidation, and therefore are critical to maintain sensory quality and chemical characteristics of edible oils. Jussara berry (Euterpe edulis M.) oil is a source of minor compounds with potential antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of such compounds on the effectiveness to prevent or delay oxidation of oil present in oil-in-water emulsions, and how the emulsions' physical stability would be affected. RESULTS Jussara berry oil extracted by ethanol extraction, its stripped variations (partially stripped, highly stripped and highly stripped with added butylhydroxytoluene), and expeller-pressed oil were used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions. Jussara berry oils were analyzed before emulsions preparation to ensure their initial quality and composition, and oil-in-water emulsions were analyzed regarding their oxidative and physical stability. Ethanol extracted oil emulsion presented higher oxidative stability than highly stripped oil emulsion with added synthetic antioxidant butylahydroxytoluene (oxidative stability index 45% lower, after 60 days, and reached undetectable levels after 90 days). All emulsions remained physically stable for up to 120 days of storage. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that natural antioxidants in jussara berry oil protect emulsions from oxidation while keeping physical stability unchanged. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ga Carvalho
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelly A Silva
- BIOSE (Biological System Engineering), School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laís O Silva
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Mm Costa
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emília Akil
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Az Coelho
- BIOSE (Biological System Engineering), School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fraga JL, Penha ACB, da S Pereira A, Silva KA, Akil E, Torres AG, Amaral PFF. Use of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase Immobilized in Cell Debris for the Production of Lipolyzed Milk Fat (LMF). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3413. [PMID: 30384435 PMCID: PMC6274823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase immobilized on Yarrowia lipolytica cell debris after sonication of yeast cells (LipImDebri) was used in hydrolysis reaction as a novel strategy to produce lipolyzed milk fat (LMF). Extracellular (4732.1 U/L), intracellular (130.0 U/g), and cell debris (181.0 U/g) lipases were obtained in a 4 L bioreactor using residual frying oil as inducer in 24 h fermentation process. LipImDebri showed a good operational stability retaining 70% of lipolytic activity after the second cycle and 40% after the fourth. The highest degree of hydrolysis (28%) was obtained with 500 mg LipImDebri for 6 h of lipolysis of anhydrous milk fat. LMF produced with LipImDebri presented high contents of oleic (35.2%), palmitic (25.0%), and stearic (15.4%) acids and considerable amounts of odor-active short and medium chain fatty acids (C:4⁻C:10) (8.13%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jully L Fraga
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Adrian C B Penha
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Adejanildo da S Pereira
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Kelly A Silva
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Emília Akil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla F F Amaral
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
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15
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Inada KO, Torres AG, Perrone D, Monteiro M. High hydrostatic pressure processing affects the phenolic profile, preserves sensory attributes and ensures microbial quality of jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) juice. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:231-239. [PMID: 28580689 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a Brazilian fruit rich in phenolic compounds and much appreciated for its sweet and slightly tangy taste. However, the high perishability of this fruit impairs its economic exploitation, creating an opportunity for the development of innovative products, such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processed juices. We investigated the effect of HHP (200, 350 and 500 MPa for 5, 7.5 and 10 min) on phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and microbiological quality of jabuticaba juice and the effect of the most effective HHP condition on its sensory acceptance. RESULTS Pressurization increased total phenolic compound content (up to 38%) and antioxidant activity by FRAP assay (up to 46%), probably by increasing phenolic compound extractability due to tissue damage. Pressurization progressively decreased microbial counts, and colony growth was undetectable at pressures of 350 MPa or 500 MPa. With the exception of aroma, which was 10% lower in pressurized juice at 350 MPa for 7.5 min in relation to unprocessed juice, HHP did not affect sensory acceptance scores. CONCLUSION Our results show that HHP was effective in ensuring microbiological quality, increasing bioactive potential and maintaining overall acceptance of jabuticaba juice, reinforcing the potential application of this processing technology in bioactive-rich foods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Op Inada
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Perrone
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Monteiro
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Soares ER, Monteiro EB, de Bem GF, Inada KO, Torres AG, Perrone D, Soulage CO, Monteiro MC, Resende AC, Moura-Nunes N, Costa CA, Daleprane JB. Up-regulation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling by Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) extract prevents oxidative stress in human endothelial cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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17
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de O. Silva L, N. Castelo‐Branco V, A. de Carvalho AG, C. Monteiro M, Perrone D, G. Torres A. Ethanol extraction renders a phenolic compounds‐enriched and highly stable jussara fruit (
Euterpe edulis
M.) oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laís de O. Silva
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry and Food Science, Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Vanessa N. Castelo‐Branco
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry and Food Science, Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Pharmacy FacultyFederal Fluminense UniversityRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Aline Gabrielle A. de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry and Food Science, Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Mariana C. Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Institute of NutritionFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Daniel Perrone
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry and Food Science, Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Alexandre G. Torres
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry and Food Science, Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
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18
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Castelo-Branco VN, Lago MG, Minuzzo DA, Moura-Nunes N, Torres AG, Nunes JC, Monteiro M. Bread formulated with guava powder was enriched in phenolic and aroma compounds, and was highly acceptable by consumers. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:4168-4178. [PMID: 28115757 PMCID: PMC5223251 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Guava powder (GP) was used as source of aroma and phenolic compounds to fortify wheat bread 10% (GB10) and 20% (GB20), substituting for wheat flour. Phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, volatile compounds profile, and sensory acceptability of control bread (CB; without GP) and guava breads (GB) were evaluated. Incorporation of GP increased roughly 2-to-3-fold the phenolic compounds contents of bread. Ten phenolic compounds were identified in GB20, and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside was the major compound, while in CB, ferulic acid was the major among the six phenolic compounds in CB. Bread making seemed to promote the release of phenolic compounds from structural components. Breads incorporated with GP presented a richer volatile profile than CB, especially due to the presence of terpenes. GB improved aroma profile of bread. GP added aroma compounds and phenolic antioxidants, and seemed to be an interesting approach to enhance bread bioactivity and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa N. Castelo-Branco
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mabel G. Lago
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2° andar, sala 16, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Daniela A. Minuzzo
- Curso de Nutrição, Faculdade Arthur Sá Earp Neto, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathália Moura-Nunes
- Curso de Nutrição, Faculdade Arthur Sá Earp Neto, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Nunes
- Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Monteiro
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2° andar, sala 16, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902 Brazil
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Gomes S, Torres AG. Optimized extraction of polyphenolic antioxidant compounds from Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) cake and evaluation of the polyphenol profile by HPLC. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:2805-2814. [PMID: 26353901 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The solid residue (cake) of pressed Brazil nut oil has high energy value and contains high levels of nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols. However, little is known about these components in this by-product. Extraction is the first step in investigating the phenolic compounds in Brazil nut cake because extraction conditions might impact the yields of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to select the best phenolic compound extraction conditions for Brazil nut cake by using factorial experimental design and to characterize the phenolic compounds in the extract. RESULTS The optimal extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from Brazil nut cake was achieved under the following conditions: ethanol-water (40:60; v/v); 2.5 min homogenization; and 1 h extraction at 60 °C. The phenolic compound profile of the Brazil nut cake extract using the optimized extraction was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Six phenolic acids (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid) and one flavonoid ((+)-catechin) were identified, and the contents of the phenolic compounds varied from 70.0 to 421 mg kg(-1) . CONCLUSION Knowledge of the potential bioactivity of Brazil nut cake identified in the present study might promote its use in the food industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Brazil
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20
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Barbieiri P, Nunes JC, Torres AG, Nishimura RY, Zuccolotto DCC, Crivellenti LC, Franco LJ, Sartorelli DS. Indices of dietary fat quality during midpregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes. Nutrition 2015; 32:656-61. [PMID: 26876000 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the usual intake of fatty acids and indices of dietary fat quality [the atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity indices (TI), and the ratios of hypo-and hypercholesterolemic (hH), ∑n-3/∑n-6, and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (P:S)], during mid-pregnancy. METHODS 799 adult pregnant women living in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil were screened and accepted for this cross-sectional GDM study. The Multiple Source Method was used to estimate participants' usual diet, using two 24-hour dietary recalls during mid-pregnancy. Diagnosis of GDM was defined by the American Diabetes Association criteria of 2015. Logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between GDM and dietary fat, adjusted for age, education, parity, gestational age at the time of the interview, pre-pregnancy and current BMI, prior GDM, family history of diabetes, smoking, physical activity, energy, fiber, and fatty acids. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) age of the women was 28 (5) years, and 19% had GDM. After multiple adjustments, inverse associations between the highest tertile of ∑n-3 fatty acids intake [0.21 (0.08-0.56)], α-linolenic intake [0.15 (0.05-0.42)], and GDM were found. A positive association between GDM and the highest tertile of TI [2.66 (1.34-5.29)], and a negative association with the highest tertile of hH ratio [0.41 (0.22-0.77)], were observed. No association between GDM and other indices of dietary fat quality were found. CONCLUSION The quality of dietary fat during pregnancy is strongly associated with GDM. Randomized clinical trial are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Barbieiri
- Graduate Program in Community Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Nunes
- Department of Food Technology, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Y Nishimura
- Graduate Program in Community Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela C C Zuccolotto
- Graduate Program in Community Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia C Crivellenti
- Graduate Program in Community Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Laércio J Franco
- Graduate Program in Community Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Social Medicine, FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Sartorelli
- Graduate Program in Community Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Social Medicine, FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Costa AMM, Nunes JC, Lima BNB, Pedrosa C, Calado V, Torres AG, Pierucci APTR. Effective stabilization of CLA by microencapsulation in pea protein. Food Chem 2015; 168:157-66. [PMID: 25172695 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CLA was microencapsulated by spray drying in ten varied wall systems (WS) consisting of pea protein isolate or pea protein concentrate (PPC) alone at varied core:WS ratios (1:2; 1:3 and 1:4), or blended with maltodextrin (M) and carboxymethylcellulose at a pea protein:carbohydrate ratio of 3:1. The physical-chemical properties of the CLA microparticles were characterised by core retention, microencapsulation efficiency (ME), particle size and moisture. CLA:M:PPC (1:1:3) showed the most promising results, thus we evaluated the effect of M addition in the WS on other physical-chemical characteristics and oxidative stability (CLA isomer profile, quantification of CLA and volatile compounds by SPME coupled with CG-MS) during two months of storage at room temperature, CLA:PPC (1:4) was selected for comparisons. CLA:M:PPC (1:1:3) microparticles demonstrated better morphology, solubility, dispersibility and higher glass-transition temperature values. M addition did not influence the oxidative stability of CLA, however its presence improved physical-chemical characteristics necessary for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Costa
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Alimentos para Fins Especiais e Educacionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J C Nunes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B N B Lima
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Heloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Alimentos para Fins Especiais e Educacionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V Calado
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A P T R Pierucci
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Alimentos para Fins Especiais e Educacionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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22
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Hu J, Torres AG. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: foe or innocent bystander? Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:729-34. [PMID: 25726041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) remain one the most important pathogens infecting children and they are one of the main causes of persistent diarrhoea worldwide. Historically, typical EPEC (tEPEC), defined as those isolates with the attaching and effacement (A/E) genotype (eae(+)), which possess bfpA(+) and lack the stx(-) genes are found strongly associated with diarrhoeal cases. However, occurrence of atypical EPEC (aEPEC; eae(+)bfpA(-)stx(-)) in diarrhoeal and asymptomatic hosts has made investigators question the role of these pathogens in human disease. Current epidemiological data are helping to answer the question of whether EPEC is mainly a foe or an innocent bystander during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - A G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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23
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Santana I, dos Reis LM, Torres AG, Cabral LM, Freitas SP. Avocado (Persea americanaMill.) oil produced by microwave drying and expeller pressing exhibits low acidity and high oxidative stability. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Santana
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos; Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratório de Processamento de Matérias-Primas Vegetais; LADEQ; Escola de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Luciana M.F. dos Reis
- Laboratório de Processamento de Matérias-Primas Vegetais; LADEQ; Escola de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos; Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Suely P. Freitas
- Laboratório de Processamento de Matérias-Primas Vegetais; LADEQ; Escola de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Penedo LA, Nunes JC, Gama MAS, Leite PEC, Quirico-Santos TF, Torres AG. Intake of butter naturally enriched with cis9,trans11 conjugated linoleic acid reduces systemic inflammatory mediators in healthy young adults. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 24:2144-51. [PMID: 24231103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) depletion-repletion study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary c9,t11 CLA on C-reactive protein, transcription factor NFκB, metalloproteinases 2 and 9, inflammatory mediators (adiponectin, TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10), body composition, and erythrocyte membrane composition in healthy normal-weight human adults. CLA depletion was achieved through an 8-week period of restricted dairy fat intake (depletion phase; CLA intake was 5.2±5.8 mg/day), followed by an 8-week period in which individuals consumed 20 g/day of butter naturally enriched with c9,t11 CLA (repletion phase; CLA intake of 1020±167 mg/day). The participants were 29 healthy adult volunteers (19 women and 10 men, aged 22 to 36 years), with body mass index between 18.0 and 29.9 kg m(-2). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of both depletion and repletion phases. The content of CLA in erythrocytes decreased during CLA-depletion and increased during CLA-repletion. Intake of CLA-enriched butter increased the serum levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 but reduced transcription factor NFκB in blood and serum levels of TNFα, IL-2, IL-8 and inactive metalloproteinase-9. Moreover, reduced activity of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in serum was observed during the CLA-repletion period. In contrast, intake of CLA-enriched butter had no effects on body composition (DXA analysis) as well as on serum levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and IL-4. Taken together, our results indicate that the intake of a c9,t11 CLA-enriched butter by normal-weight subjects induces beneficial changes in immune modulators associated with sub-clinical inflammation in overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia A Penedo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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Villagrá A, Olivas I, Althaus RL, Gómez EA, Lainez M, Torres AG. Behavior of broiler chickens in four different substrates: a choice test. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2014000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - AG Torres
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
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Bauer LC, Santana DDA, Macedo MDS, Torres AG, Souza NED, Simionato JI. Method Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Cholesterol and Cholesterol Oxides in Milk by RP-HPLC-DAD. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5935/0103-5053.20130283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Valladão ABG, Torres AG, Freire DMG, Cammarota MC. Profiles of fatty acids and triacylglycerols and their influence on the anaerobic biodegradability of effluents from poultry slaughterhouse. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:7043-7050. [PMID: 21576016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse containing 800 mg oil and grease (O&G)/L was conducted with 1% (w/v) of an enzymatic pool obtained by solid-state fermentation with the fungus Penicillium restrictum. The chromatographic evaluation of the lipid profile during hydrolysis indicated a higher concentration of acids after 4h of reaction (2954 mg/L), with a predominance of oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids. Effluent aliquots were collected after 4, 8, and 24h of hydrolysis and tested for anaerobic biodegradation in sequential batches. An adaptation of the biomass was observed, both in the control experiment (with non-hydrolyzed raw effluent) and in the experiments with enzymatically pre-treated effluent. The specific methane production in the control experiment was 0.248 L CH(4)/g COD(consumed), and in the experiment with effluent pre-treated for 4h, this production was 0.393 L CH(4)/g COD(consumed), indicating a higher methane production after enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B G Valladão
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bl. A, Sl. 549, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Gas emissions from broiler production have been the subject of intensive research. However, little experimental information exists for farms under the particular management and environmental conditions of the European Mediterranean area. In this study, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions were measured in a commercial broiler farm located in Spain. Gas concentrations were measured using a photoacoustic gas monitor, whereas the ventilation flow was evaluated by controlling the operation status of each fan. Two rearing periods were studied, one in summer and one in winter. All gas emissions increased with bird age. Ammonia emission rates averaged 19.7 and 18.1 mg/h per bird in the summer and winter, respectively, and increased with indoor temperature (r(2) = 0.51 in summer; r(2) = 0.42 in winter). Average CO(2) emission rates were 3.84 and 4.06 g/h per bird, CH(4) emission was 0.44 and 1.87 mg/h per bird, and N(2)O emission was 1.74 and 2.13 mg/h per bird in summer and winter, respectively. A sinusoidal daily variation pattern was observed in all emissions except for CH(4). These patterns were characterized in terms of time of maximum emission and amplitude of the daily variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Calvet
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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29
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Ney JG, Koury JC, Azeredo VB, Casimiro-Lopes G, Trugo NM, Torres AG. Associations of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols with proxies of membrane stability and subcutaneous fat sites in male elite swimmers. Nutr Res 2009; 29:623-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Torres AG, Trugo NMF. Evidence of inadequate docosahexaenoic acid status in Brazilian pregnant and lactating women. Rev Saude Publica 2009; 43:359-68. [PMID: 19287877 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102009000200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently published data concerning dietary intake of fat and food sources of (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in Brazil are reviewed together with data on biochemical indices of PUFA status during pregnancy and lactation and PUFA composition of breast milk in Brazilian adolescents and adults. Potential inadequacies of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status among Brazilian pregnant and lactating women have not yet been thoroughly evaluated. The data reviewed show that dietary intake of food sources of n-3 LCPUFA is low and possibly deficient in Brazil, and that biochemical indices of maternal DHA status and breast milk DHA content are low compared to the international literature. These data indicate inadequate DHA status among Brazilian women during pregnancy and lactation, but this evidence needs confirmation through comprehensive and specific population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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31
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Castelo-Branco VN, Torres AG. Potential application of antioxidant capacity assays to assess the quality of edible vegetable oils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/lite.200900035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Variation in the mtDNA 16S ribosomal RNA gene in populations of Triatoma infestans (Klug) was surveyed. DNA sequence comparisons yielded 18 haplotypes among 130 individuals from 16 localities that represent a large proportion of the range of T. infestans in Argentina. The most common genotype in all populations was found in 76.9% of individuals and two other haplotypes were shared among different populations. The remaining 15 haplotypes were present exclusively in one of the populations, suggesting currently low levels of genetic exchange. Analysis of mtDNA 16S sequences uncovered substantial genetic variation among T. infestans populations. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities varied among populations, from 0% to 0.84% and 0% to 0.29%, respectively. It appears that this locus has a low mutation rate. Uncorrected pairwise differences of T. infestans haplotypes ranged from 0% to 1.2%. The molecular phylogeny supported the monophyly of T. infestans haplotypes and clustered two different pairs of haplotypes with a moderate degree of bootstrap support (approximately 60%). Mitochondrial DNA phylogeographic differentiation was not evident, suggesting a recent rapid spread of the species. Analysis of molecular variance showed hierarchical structure in the data. Considerably less variation was found among T. infestans populations from the northwest and northeast regions than among those belonging to the central area. Such a lack of variation may be indicative of one or more past population bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Segura
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr Mario Fatala Chabén, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Meneses F, Ney JG, Torres AG, Trugo NMF. Erythrocyte membrane and plasma non-esterified n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids of pregnant and non-pregnant Brazilian adolescents. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 80:137-42. [PMID: 19201181 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pregnancy in adolescents on the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane, which was used as a proxy for status of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and also on the composition of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) mobilized from the adipose tissue. Two matched groups of healthy adolescents (14-19 years) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were compared: pregnant (n=26; 32.7+/-3.9 weeks of gestation, mean+/-SD) and non-pregnant (n=20). Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast. Mean dietary intakes of total fat and n-3 and n-6 PUFA (energy %) were not different between pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents, and the consumption of food sources of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was low. Fasting total NEFA and NEFA 18:2n-6, 18:3n-6 and 20:4n-6 (g/100g fatty acids) were higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant adolescents. Although erythrocyte 20:4n-6 was lower in pregnant adolescents, there were no differences in DHA (g/100g fatty acids), in DHA status indices (22:5n-6/22:4n-6 and 22:6n-3/22:5n-6 ratios) and in the index of n-3+n-6 PUFA status ([Sigman-3+Sigman-6]/[Sigman-7+Sigman-9]) in erythrocytes as compared with those of non-pregnant adolescents. In conclusion, pregnancy did not have an adverse effect on erythrocyte DHA content or on DHA and n-3+n-6 PUFA status indices in the adolescents studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Meneses
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT bloco A, lab. 528, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Torres AG, Ney JG, Meneses F, Trugo NMF. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid isomers in breast milk are associated with plasma non-esterified and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in lactating women. Br J Nutr 2006; 95:517-24. [PMID: 16512938 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal adipose tissue is a major contributor to breast milk long-chain fatty acids, probably through the pool of plasma NEFA. The fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane (EM) is a biochemical index of the intake of fatty acids not synthesized endogenously and of PUFA and long-chain PUFA fatty acid status. The present study investigated the associations between breast milk fatty acid composition and the composition of plasma NEFA and of EM fatty acids with special reference to PUFA, long-chain PUFA and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The detailed fatty acid composition of mature breast milk was also reported. Thirty-three healthy, lactating Brazilian women donated milk samples; of these, twenty-four also donated blood samples in an observational cross-sectional study. Breast milk fatty acid composition presented several associations with NEFA and EM composition, which explained most (> or =50 %) of the variability of selected milk PUFA, long-chain PUFA and CLA. Milk CLA was associated with fatty acids that are markers of dairy fat intake in the diet, NEFA and EM. In general, breast milk n-3 fatty acids and CLA, but not n-6 fatty acids, were associated with EM composition, whereas both the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and CLA in milk were associated with NEFA composition, possibly owing to its role as a direct source of fatty acids for breast milk. These findings emphasize the contribution of the NEFA pool derived from the adipose tissue to the long-chain fatty acid composition of breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Brazil.
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Pontes PV, Torres AG, Trugo NMF, Fonseca VM, Sichieri R. n-6 and n-3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte membrane of Brazilian preterm and term neonates and their mothers at delivery. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 74:117-23. [PMID: 16364619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Placental transfer of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids is selectively high to maintain accretion to fetal tissues, especially the brain. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the essential fatty acid (EFA) and LCPUFA status at birth of preterm and term Brazilian infants and their mothers, from a population of characteristically low intake of n-3 LCPUFA, and to evaluate the association between fetal and maternal status, by the determination of the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane. Blood samples from umbilical cord of preterm (26-36 weeks of gestation; n = 30) and term (37-42 weeks of gestation; n = 30) infants and the corresponding maternal venous blood were collected at delivery. The LCPUFA composition of the erythrocyte membrane and DHA status were similar for mothers of preterm and term infants. Neonatal AA was higher (P < 0.01) whereas its precursor 18:2n-6 was lower (P < 0.01) than maternal levels, as expected. There was no difference in LCPUFA erythrocyte composition between preterm and term infants, except for DHA. Term infants presented a worse DHA status than preterm infants (P < 0.01) and than their mothers (P < 0.01) at delivery. There was a negative correlation of neonatal DHA with maternal AA and a positive correlation between neonatal AA and maternal AA and 18:2n-6 only at term. These results suggest that the persistent low DHA maternal status, together with the comparatively better AA and 18:2n-6 status, might have affected maternal-fetal transfer of DHA when gestation was completed up to term, and possibly contributed to the worse DHA status of term neonates compared with the preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Pontes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT bl. A, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Torres AG, Borojevic R, Trugo NMF. Beta-carotene is accumulated, metabolized, and possibly converted to retinol in human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7). INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2005; 74:171-7. [PMID: 15296074 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.74.3.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the uptake, accumulation, and metabolism of beta-carotene by the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Beta-carotene uptake was time- and dose-dependent, and independent of cell polarity. Beta-carotene accumulation in cells was linear as a function of its concentration in medium (1.3-4.1 micromol/L). It was accompanied by increasing amounts of retinol, which accumulated in cells following a sigmoid pattern, and by other four putative metabolites. Beta-apocarotenals, epoxides, endoperoxides, retinal, retinoic acid, and retinyl esters were not detected in cell extracts. Beta-carotene and its metabolites did not induce alterations in cell morphology or subcellular localization of epithelial mucins. Beta-carotene and retinol were released from cells that had previously accumulated beta-carotene, and were further incubated in beta-carotene- and retinol-free medium, but intracellular retinol content remained constant whereas beta-carotene decreased. In conclusion, beta-carotene added to culture medium in physiological concentrations (1-6 micromol/L) is taken up and metabolized in MCF-7 cells, and is possibly converted to retinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Meneses F, Torres AG, Trugo NMF. Influence of recent dietary intake on plasma and human milk levels of carotenoids and retinol in Brazilian nursing women. Adv Exp Med Biol 2005; 554:351-4. [PMID: 15384599 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4242-8_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Meneses
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Ney JG, Torres AG, Trugo NMF. Análise de ácidos graxos não-esterificados de plasma humano por cromatografia gasosa capilar com injeção sem divisão de fluxo. QUIM NOVA 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422004000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Torres AG, Ney JG, Ribeiro M, Trugo NMF. Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acid Composition is Different in Lactating and in Nonpregnant Nonlactating Women. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 554:511-4. [PMID: 15384635 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4242-8_75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Torres AG, Kaper JB. Pathogenicity islands of intestinal E. coli. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2002; 264:31-48. [PMID: 12014180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Torres
- Center for Vaccine Development and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Torres AG, Trugo NMF, Trugo LC. Mathematical method for the prediction of retention times of fatty acid methyl esters in temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:4156-4163. [PMID: 12105939 DOI: 10.1021/jf011259j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An accurate method for identification of fatty acids in complex mixtures analyzed by temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography is described. The method is based on a mathematical approach using regression curves obtained by plotting the relative retention times of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analyzed in isothermal and gradient temperature conditions. The method was applied to a complex biological sample (human milk), and it was possible to identify 64 fatty acids, including branched-chain and other fatty acids for which reference standards were not readily available. The identities of the majority of the peaks were confirmed by mass spectrometry. The relative residuals and the relative differences between estimated and measured relative retention times of individual FAMEs varied from 0.03 to 3.15% and from 0.0 to 2.9%, respectively. The method is useful for identification of fatty acids in routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Dep. Bioquímica, Inst. Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.T. Bloco A, Lab. 528, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, R.J., Brazil
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Góes HCA, Torres AG, Donangelo CM, Trugo NMF. Nutrient composition of banked human milk in Brazil and influence of processing on zinc distribution in milk fractions. Nutrition 2002; 18:590-4. [PMID: 12093436 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We measured the contents of fat, protein, lactose, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, iron, copper, and vitamin A in processed mature milk samples (individual, n = 60, and pooled, n = 10) from a reference human milk bank in Brazil and assessed the effect of pasteurization followed by freezing on the nutrient composition and the pattern of zinc distribution in fractions (fat, whey, and casein) of milk samples (n = 15). RESULTS Mean nutrient concentrations were within expected ranges in mature milk from healthy women, except fat, which was lower. Interindividual variability of nutrient concentrations was high (coefficient of variation, 21-62%) but reduced overall in pooled samples. Processing of milk samples did not affect the nutrient contents but did cause a significant shift (P < 0.04) in the relative distribution of zinc, with a decrease in the whey fraction and an increase in the fat fraction. CONCLUSIONS Redistribution and possible alterations in the zinc-binding pattern during processing in human milk banks may reduce zinc bioavailability to the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloísa C A Góes
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Torres AG, Redford P, Welch RA, Payne SM. TonB-dependent systems of uropathogenic Escherichia coli: aerobactin and heme transport and TonB are required for virulence in the mouse. Infect Immun 2001; 69:6179-85. [PMID: 11553558 PMCID: PMC98749 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.10.6179-6185.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2001] [Accepted: 07/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073 has multiple iron acquisition systems, including heme and siderophore transporters. A tonB mutant derivative of CFT073 failed to use heme as an iron source or to utilize the siderophores enterobactin and aerobactin, indicating that transport of these compounds in CFT073 is TonB dependent. The TonB(-) derivative showed reduced virulence in a mouse model of urinary tract infection. Virulence was restored when the tonB gene was introduced on a plasmid. To determine the importance of the individual TonB-dependent iron transport systems during urinary tract infections, mutants defective in each of the CFT073 high-affinity iron transport systems were constructed and tested in the mouse model. Mouse virulence assays indicated that mutants defective in a single iron transport system were able to infect the kidney when inoculated as a pure culture but were unable to efficiently compete with the wild-type strain in mixed infections. These results indicate a role for TonB-dependent systems in the virulence of uropathogenic E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Sperandio V, Torres AG, Girón JA, Kaper JB. Quorum sensing is a global regulatory mechanism in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:5187-97. [PMID: 11489873 PMCID: PMC95396 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.17.5187-5197.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2001] [Accepted: 06/07/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is responsible for outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in many countries. EHEC virulence mechanisms include the production of Shiga toxins (Stx) and formation of attaching and effacing (AE) lesions on intestinal epithelial cells. We recently reported that genes involved in the formation of the AE lesion were regulated by quorum sensing through autoinducer-2, which is synthesized by the product of the luxS gene. In this study we hybridized an E. coli gene array with cDNA synthesized from RNA that was extracted from EHEC strain 86-24 and its isogenic luxS mutant. We observed that 404 genes were regulated by luxS at least fivefold, which comprises approximately 10% of the array genes; 235 of these genes were up-regulated and 169 were down-regulated in the wild-type strain compared to in the luxS mutant. Down-regulated genes included several involved in cell division, as well as ribosomal and tRNA genes. Consistent with this pattern of gene expression, the luxS mutant grows faster than the wild-type strain (generation times of 37.5 and 60 min, respectively, in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium). Up-regulated genes included several involved in the expression and assembly of flagella, motility, and chemotaxis. Using operon::lacZ fusions to class I, II, and III flagellar genes, we were able to confirm this transcriptional regulation. We also observed fewer flagella by Western blotting and electron microscopy and decreased motility halos in semisolid agar in the luxS mutant. The average swimming speeds for the wild-type strain and the luxS mutant are 12.5 and 6.6 microm/s, respectively. We also observed an increase in the production of Stx due to quorum sensing. Genes encoding Stx, which are transcribed along with lambda-like phage genes, are induced by an SOS response, and genes involved in the SOS response were also regulated by quorum sensing. These results indicate that quorum sensing is a global regulatory mechanism for basic physiological functions of E. coli as well as for virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sperandio
- Center for Vaccine Development and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Abstract
To assess the importance of TonB-dependent iron transport systems to growth of Shigella in vivo, a tonB mutant of Shigella dysenteriae was isolated and tested in cultured cells. The tonB mutant invaded epithelial cells, but did not form plaques in confluent monolayers of Henle cells, indicating an inability of this mutant to spread from cell to cell. The rate of intracellular multiplication of the tonB mutant was reduced significantly compared to that of the wild type. The loss of virulence in the tonB mutant was not due to loss of either Shu or Ent, the TonB-dependent systems which allow for transport of heme and ferrienterobactin, respectively. A shuA mutant lacking the outer membrane receptor for heme, an entB mutant defective in enterobactin synthesis, and a shuA entB double mutant each were able to invade cultured cells, multiply intracellularly, and form wild-type plaques. The ability of S. dysenteriae to access iron during intracellular growth was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of an iron- and Fur-regulated shuA-gfp reporter construct. Low levels of green fluorescent protein expression in the intracellular environment were observed in all strains, indicating that iron is available to intracellular bacteria, even in the absence of TonB-dependent iron transport. The failure of the tonB mutant to grow well in an iron-replete intracellular environment suggests that TonB plays a role in addition to heme- and siderophore-mediated iron acquisition in vivo, and this function is required for the intracellular growth and intercellular spread of S. dysenteriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Reeves
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Abstract
Genes encoding the synthesis and transport of aerobactin, a hydroxamate siderophore associated with increased virulence of enteric bacteria, were mapped within a pathogenicity island in Shigella flexneri. The island, designated SHI-2 for Shigella pathogenicity island 2, was located downstream of selC, the site of insertion of pathogenicity islands in several other enteric pathogens. DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of multiple insertion sequences upstream and downstream of the aerobactin genes and an integrase gene that was nearly identical to an int gene found in Escherichia coli O157:H7. SHI-2 sequences adjacent to selC were similar to sequences at the junction between selC and pathogenicity islands found in E. coli O157:H7 and in enteropathogenic E. coli, but the junctions between the island and downstream yic genes were variable. SHI-2 also encoded immunity to the normally plasmid-encoded colicins I and V, suggesting a common origin for the aerobactin genes in both S. flexneri and E. coli pColV. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization data indicate that SHI-2 is present in the same location in Shigella sonnei, but the aerobactin genes are not located within SHI-2 in Shigella boydii or enteroinvasive E. coli. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains do not produce aerobactin but do contain sequences downstream of selC that are homologous to SHI-2. The presence of the aerobactin genes on plasmids in E. coli pColV and Salmonella, on a pathogenicity island in S. flexneri and S. sonnei and in a different chromosomal location in S. boydii and some E. coli suggests that these virulence-enhancing genes are mobile, and they may constitute an island within an island in S. flexneri.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Vokes
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1095, USA
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Wyckoff EE, Duncan D, Torres AG, Mills M, Maase K, Payne SM. Structure of the Shigella dysenteriae haem transport locus and its phylogenetic distribution in enteric bacteria. Mol Microbiol 1998; 28:1139-52. [PMID: 9680204 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to transport and use haemin as an iron source is frequently observed in clinical isolates of Shigella spp. and pathogenic Escherichia coli. We found that many of these haem-utilizing E. coli strains contain a gene that hybridizes at high stringency to the S. dysenteriae type 1 haem receptor gene, shuA. These shuA-positive strains belong to multiple phylogenetic groups and include clinical isolates from enteric, urinary tract and systemic infections. The distribution of shuA in these strains suggests horizontal transfer of the haem transport locus. Some haem-utilizing pathogenic E. coli strains did not hybridize with shuA, so at least one other haem transport system is present in this group. We also characterized the chromosomal region containing shuA in S. dysenteriae. The shuA gene is present in a discrete locus, designated the haem transport locus, containing eight open reading frames. Several of the proteins encoded in this locus participate with ShuA in haem transport, as a Salmonella typhimurium strain containing the entire haem transport locus used haem much more efficiently than the same strain containing only shuA. The haem transport locus is not present in E. coli K-12 strains, but the sequences flanking the haem transport locus in S. dysenteriae matched those at the 78.7 minute region of E. coli K-12. The junctions and flanking sequences in the shuA-positive pathogenic E. coli strains tested were nearly identical to those in S. dysenteriae, indicating that, in these strains, the haem transport locus has an organization similar to that in S. dysenteriae, and it is located in the same relative position on the chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Wyckoff
- Department of Microbiology and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin 78712, USA.
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Abstract
In this study, we identified the iron-transport systems of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL933. This strain synthesized and transported enterobactin and had a ferric citrate transport system but lacked the ability to produce or use aerobactin. It used haem and haemoglobin, but not transferrin or lactoferrin, as iron sources. We cloned the gene encoding an iron-regulated haem-transport protein and showed that this E. coli haem-utilization gene (chuA) encoded a 69 kDa outer membrane protein that was synthesized in response to iron limitation. Expression of this protein in a laboratory strain of E. coli was sufficient for utilization of haem or haemoglobin as iron sources. Mutation of the chromosomal chuA and tonB genes in E. coli O157:H7 demonstrated that the utilization of haemin and haemoglobin was ChuA- and TonB-dependent. Nucleotide sequence analysis of chuA revealed features characteristic of TonB-dependent, Fur-regulated, outer membrane iron-transport proteins. It was highly homologous to the shuA gene of Shigella dysenteriae and less closely related to hemR of Yersinia enterocolitica and hmuR of Yersinia pestis. A conserved Fur box was identified upstream of the chuA gene, and regulation by Fur was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Torres
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas at Austin 78712, USA
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