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Mutter S, Parente EB, Januszewski AS, Simonsen JR, Harjutsalo V, Groop PH, Jenkins AJ, Thorn LM. Insulin sensitivity estimates and their longitudinal association with coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes. Does it matter? Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:152. [PMID: 38702680 PMCID: PMC11069169 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and chronic kidney disease are both associated with increased coronary artery disease risk. Many formulae estimating glucose disposal rate in type 1 diabetes infer insulin sensitivity from clinical data. We compare associations and performance relative to traditional risk factors and kidney disease severity between three formulae estimating the glucose disposal rate and coronary artery disease in people with type 1 diabetes. METHODS The baseline glucose disposal rate was estimated by three (Williams, Duca, and Januszewski) formulae in FinnDiane Study participants and related to subsequent incidence of coronary artery disease, by baseline kidney status. RESULTS In 3517 adults with type 1 diabetes, during median (IQR) 19.3 (14.6, 21.4) years, 539 (15.3%) experienced a coronary artery disease event, with higher rates with worsening baseline kidney status. Correlations between the three formulae estimating the glucose disposal rate were weak, but the lowest quartile of each formula was associated with higher incidence of coronary artery disease. Importantly, only the glucose disposal rate estimation by Williams showed a linear association with coronary artery disease risk in all analyses. Of the three formulae, Williams was the strongest predictor of coronary artery disease. Only age and diabetes duration were stronger predictors. The strength of associations between estimated glucose disposal rate and CAD incidence varied by formula and kidney status. CONCLUSIONS In type 1 diabetes, estimated glucose disposal rates are associated with subsequent coronary artery disease, modulated by kidney disease severity. Future research is merited regarding the clinical usefulness of estimating the glucose disposal rate as a coronary artery disease risk factor and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mutter
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika B Parente
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- Sydney Pharmacy School, University of Sydney, A15, Science Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, K25, Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Johan R Simonsen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, K25, Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
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Jin Q, Lau ESH, Luk AO, Tam CHT, Ozaki R, Lim CKP, Wu H, Chow EYK, Kong APS, Lee HM, Fan B, Ng ACW, Jiang G, Lee KF, Siu SC, Hui G, Tsang CC, Lau KP, Leung JY, Tsang MW, Cheung EYN, Kam G, Lau IT, Li JK, Yeung VTF, Lau E, Lo S, Fung S, Cheng YL, Chow CC, Yu W, Tsui SKW, Tomlinson B, Huang Y, Lan HY, Szeto CC, So WY, Jenkins AJ, Fung E, Muilwijk M, Blom MT, 't Hart LM, Chan JCN, Ma RCW. Circulating metabolomic markers linking diabetic kidney disease and incident cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: analyses from the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank. Diabetologia 2024; 67:837-849. [PMID: 38413437 PMCID: PMC10954952 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to describe the metabolome in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its association with incident CVD in type 2 diabetes, and identify prognostic biomarkers. METHODS From a prospective cohort of individuals with type 2 diabetes, baseline sera (N=1991) were quantified for 170 metabolites using NMR spectroscopy with median 5.2 years of follow-up. Associations of chronic kidney disease (CKD, eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) or severely increased albuminuria with each metabolite were examined using linear regression, adjusted for confounders and multiplicity. Associations between DKD (CKD or severely increased albuminuria)-related metabolites and incident CVD were examined using Cox regressions. Metabolomic biomarkers were identified and assessed for CVD prediction and replicated in two independent cohorts. RESULTS At false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05, 156 metabolites were associated with DKD (151 for CKD and 128 for severely increased albuminuria), including apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, HDL, fatty acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine, albumin and glycoprotein acetyls. Over 5.2 years of follow-up, 75 metabolites were associated with incident CVD at FDR<0.05. A model comprising age, sex and three metabolites (albumin, triglycerides in large HDL and phospholipids in small LDL) performed comparably to conventional risk factors (C statistic 0.765 vs 0.762, p=0.893) and adding the three metabolites further improved CVD prediction (C statistic from 0.762 to 0.797, p=0.014) and improved discrimination and reclassification. The 3-metabolite score was validated in independent Chinese and Dutch cohorts. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Altered metabolomic signatures in DKD are associated with incident CVD and improve CVD risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jin
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric S H Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrea O Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Risa Ozaki
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cadmon K P Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongjiang Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elaine Y K Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heung Man Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baoqi Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex C W Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ka Fai Lee
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shing Chung Siu
- Diabetes Centre, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace Hui
- Diabetes Centre, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chiu Chi Tsang
- Diabetes and Education Centre, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Jenny Y Leung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Ruttonjee Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Wo Tsang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elaine Y N Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace Kam
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ip Tim Lau
- Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - June K Li
- Department of Medicine, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent T F Yeung
- Centre for Diabetes Education and Management, Our Lady of Maryknoll Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emmy Lau
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stanley Lo
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel Fung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuk Lun Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Chung Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weichuan Yu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen K W Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erik Fung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mirthe Muilwijk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC - Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC - Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC - Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Januszewski AS, Niedzwiecki P, Sachithanandan N, Ward GM, O’Neal DN, Zozulinska‐Ziolkiewicz DA, Uruska AA, Jenkins AJ. Interactive calculator to estimate insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:594-597. [PMID: 38366869 PMCID: PMC11060155 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The gold standard for measuring insulin sensitivity (IS) is the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, a time, costly, and labor-intensive research tool. A low insulin sensitivity is associated with a complication-risk in type 1 diabetes. Various formulae using clinical data have been developed and correlated with measured IS in type 1 diabetes. We consolidated multiple formulae into an online calculator (bit.ly/estimated-GDR), enabling comparison of IS and its probability of IS <4.45 mg/kg/min (low) or >6.50 mg/kg/min (high), as measured in a validation set of clamps in 104 adults with type 1 diabetes. Insulin sensitivity calculations using different formulae varied significantly, with correlations (R2) ranging 0.005-0.87 with agreement in detecting low and high glucose disposal rates in the range 49-93% and 89-100%, respectively. We demonstrate that although the calculated IS varies between formulae, their interpretation remains consistent. Our free online calculator offers a user-friendly tool for individual IS calculations and also offers efficient batch processing of data for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Sydney Pharmacy SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Pawel Niedzwiecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and DiabetologyPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | | | - Glenn M Ward
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
| | - David N O’Neal
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Aleksandra A Uruska
- Department of Internal Medicine and DiabetologyPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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4
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Lee MH, Gooley J, Obeyesekere V, Lu J, Paldus B, Hendrieckx C, MacIsaac RJ, McAuley SA, Speight J, Vogrin S, Jenkins AJ, Holmes-Walker DJ, O'Neal DN, Ward GM. Hybrid Closed Loop in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Severely Impaired Hypoglycemia Awareness. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024:19322968241245627. [PMID: 38613225 DOI: 10.1177/19322968241245627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benefits of hybrid closed-loop (HCL) systems in a high-risk group with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) have not been well-explored. METHODS Adults with Edmonton HYPO scores ≥1047 were randomized to 26-weeks HCL (MiniMed™ 670G) vs standard therapy (multiple daily injections or insulin pump) without continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) (control). Primary outcome was percentage CGM time-in-range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dL) at 23 to 26 weeks post-randomization. Major secondary endpoints included magnitude of change in counter-regulatory hormones and autonomic symptom responses to hypoglycemia at 26-weeks post-randomization. A post hoc analysis evaluated glycemia risk index (GRI) comparing HCL with control groups at 26 weeks post-randomization. RESULTS Nine participants (median [interquartile range (IQR)] age 51 [41, 59] years; 44% male; enrolment HYPO score 1183 [1058, 1308]; Clarke score 6 [6, 6]; n = 5 [HCL]; n = 4 [control]) completed the study. Time-in-range was higher using HCL vs control (70% [68, 74%] vs 48% [44, 50%], P = .014). Time <70 mg/dL did not differ (HCL 3.8% [2.7, 3.9] vs control 6.5% [4.3, 8.6], P = .14) although hypoglycemia episode duration was shorter (30 vs 50 minutes, P < .001) with HCL. Glycemia risk index was lower with HCL vs control (38.1 [30.0, 39.2] vs 70.8 [58.5, 72.4], P = .014). Following 6 months of HCL use, greater dopamine (24.0 [12.3, 27.6] vs -18.5 [-36.5, -4.8], P = .014), and growth hormone (6.3 [4.6, 16.8] vs 0.5 [-0.8, 3.0], P = .050) responses to hypoglycemia were observed. CONCLUSIONS Six months of HCL use in high-risk adults with severe IAH increased glucose TIR and improved GRI without increased hypoglycemia, and partially restored counter-regulatory responses. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12617000520336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judith Gooley
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Varuni Obeyesekere
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbora Paldus
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christel Hendrieckx
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sybil A McAuley
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Speight
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Jane Holmes-Walker
- Department of Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David N O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn M Ward
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Jenkins AJ, O'Connell RL, Januszewski AS, Webster AC, M E Davis T, Jardine MJ, Scott RS, Taskinen MR, Keech AC. Not enough known about fenofibrate's kidney effects in people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 210:111612. [PMID: 38479447 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Globally ≈10% of adults have diabetes, with 80% in disadvantaged regions, hence low-cost renoprotective agents are desirable. Fenofibrate demonstrated microvascular benefits in several cardiovascular end-point diabetes trials, but knowledge of effects in late-stage kidney disease is limited. We report new FIELD substudy data and call for further kidney outcomes data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel L O'Connell
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela C Webster
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy M E Davis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Meg J Jardine
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell S Scott
- New Zealand Clinical Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Lomax KE, Taplin CE, Abraham MB, Smith GJ, Haynes A, Zomer E, Ellis KL, Clapin H, Zoungas S, Jenkins AJ, Harrington J, de Bock MI, Jones TW, Davis EA. Improved Glycemic Outcomes With Diabetes Technology Use Independent of Socioeconomic Status in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:707-711. [PMID: 38324670 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Technology use in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is impacted by socioeconomic status (SES). This analysis explored relationships between SES, glycemic outcomes, and technology use. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of HbA1c data from 2,822 Australian youth with T1D was undertaken. Residential postcodes were used to assign SES based on the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (IRSD). Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations among IRSD quintile, HbA1c, and management regimen. RESULTS Insulin pump therapy, continuous glucose monitoring, and their concurrent use were associated with lower mean HbA1c across all IRSD quintiles (P < 0.001). There was no interaction between technology use and IRSD quintile on HbA1c (P = 0.624), reflecting a similar association of lower HbA1c with technology use across all IRSD quintiles. CONCLUSIONS Technology use was associated with lower HbA1c across all socioeconomic backgrounds. Socioeconomic disadvantage does not preclude glycemic benefits of diabetes technologies, highlighting the need to remove barriers to technology access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Lomax
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Craig E Taplin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mary B Abraham
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics Within the Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Grant J Smith
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aveni Haynes
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ella Zomer
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina L Ellis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Clapin
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sophia Zoungas
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Harrington
- Division of Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin I de Bock
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Timothy W Jones
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics Within the Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics Within the Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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Hendrieckx C, Husin HM, Russell-Green S, Halliday JA, Lam B, Trawley S, McAuley SA, Bach LA, Burt MG, Cohen ND, Colman PG, Holmes-Walker DJ, Jenkins AJ, Lee MH, McCallum RW, Stranks SN, Sundararajan V, Jones TW, O'Neal DN, Speight J. The diabetes management experiences questionnaire: Psychometric validation among adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15195. [PMID: 37562414 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the psychometric properties of the Diabetes Management Experiences Questionnaire (DME-Q). Adapted from the validated Glucose Monitoring Experiences Questionnaire, the DME-Q captures satisfaction with diabetes management irrespective of treatment modalities. METHODS The DME-Q was completed by adults with type 1 diabetes as part of a randomized controlled trial comparing hybrid closed loop (HCL) to standard therapy. Most psychometric properties were examined with pre-randomization data (n = 149); responsiveness was examined using baseline and 26-week follow-up data (n = 120). RESULTS Pre-randomization, participants' mean age was 44 ± 12 years, 52% were women. HbA1c was 61 ± 11 mmol/mol (7.8 ± 1.0%), diabetes duration was 24 ± 12 years and 47% used an insulin pump prior to the trial. A forced three-factor analysis revealed three expected domains, that is, 'Convenience', 'Effectiveness' and 'Intrusiveness', and a forced one-factor solution was also satisfactory. Internal consistency reliability was strong for the three subscales (α range = 0.74-0.84) and 'Total satisfaction'( α = 0.85). Convergent validity was demonstrated with moderate correlations between DME-Q 'Total satisfaction' and diabetes distress (PAID: rs = -0.57) and treatment satisfaction (DTSQ; rs = 0.58). Divergent validity was demonstrated with a weak correlation with prospective/retrospective memory (PRMQ: rs = -0.16 and - 0.13 respectively). Responsiveness was demonstrated, as participants randomized to HCL had higher 'Effectiveness' and 'Total satisfaction' scores than those randomized to standard therapy. CONCLUSIONS The 22-item DME-Q is a brief, acceptable, reliable measure with satisfactory structural and construct validity, which is responsive to intervention. The DME-Q is likely to be useful for evaluation of new pharmaceutical agents and technologies in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Hendrieckx
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Victoria, Geelong, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Victoria, Carlton, Australia
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Victoria, Geelong, Australia
| | - Hanafi M Husin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Victoria, Geelong, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Victoria, Carlton, Australia
| | - Sienna Russell-Green
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Victoria, Geelong, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Victoria, Carlton, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Halliday
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Victoria, Geelong, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Victoria, Carlton, Australia
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Victoria, Geelong, Australia
| | - Benjamin Lam
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Victoria, Geelong, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Victoria, Carlton, Australia
- Education Futures, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Steven Trawley
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Victoria, Carlton, Australia
- The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sybil A McAuley
- The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leon A Bach
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Morton G Burt
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Neale D Cohen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Jane Holmes-Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa H Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roland W McCallum
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
| | - Steve N Stranks
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Tim W Jones
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David N O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Speight
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Victoria, Geelong, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Victoria, Carlton, Australia
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Victoria, Geelong, Australia
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8
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Tucker WJ, Tucker B, Januszewski AS, Jenkins AJ, Keech AC, Kestenbaum BR, Allison MA, Rye KA, Ong KL. Association of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117799. [PMID: 38309558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels are often elevated in cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no study has assessed its association with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in a population free of clinically evident CVD. METHODS A total of 5543 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants (mean age 62.7 years, 47.5 % male), free of clinically evident CVD at baseline, were studied. From baseline (2000-2002), 1606 deaths (including 387 CVD deaths) were observed over a median follow-up of 17.7 years. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the association of plasma FGF21 levels with mortality. RESULTS FGF21 levels at baseline were associated with all-cause mortality, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors, including demographic, socioeconomic and cardiovascular risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio 1.08 [95% confidence interval 1.01, 1.16] per 1 SD increase in ln-transformed levels; 1.27 for the highest vs, lowest quartile). Baseline FGF21 levels were significantly associated with both CVD and non-CVD mortality in unadjusted models. However, the association with non-CVD mortality, but not CVD mortality, remained statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. Similar results were obtained in FGF21 quartile analyses and also when using competing risk regression or matched case-control cohort in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS In subjects without clinically-evident CVD at baseline, over 17.7 years follow-up there is a modest association of baseline FGF21 levels with all-cause mortality. The finding that this is driven primarily by a significant association with non-CVD mortality over almost two decades merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Tucker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bradley Tucker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryan R Kestenbaum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kwok Leung Ong
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Januszewski AS, Blake R, Zhang M, Ma B, Anand S, Pinkert CA, Kelly DJ, Jenkins AJ, Trounce IA. Increased Diabetes Complications in a Mouse Model of Oxidative Stress Due to 'Mismatched' Mitochondrial DNA. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:187. [PMID: 38397785 PMCID: PMC10886269 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Associations between chronic diabetes complications and mitochondrial dysfunction represent a subject of major importance, given the diabetes pandemic and high personal and socioeconomic costs of diabetes and its complications. Modelling diabetes complications in inbred laboratory animals is challenging due to incomplete recapitulation of human features, but offer mechanistic insights and preclinical testing. As mitochondrial-based oxidative stress is implicated in human diabetic complications, herein we evaluate diabetes in a unique mouse model that harbors a mitochondrial DNA from a divergent mouse species (the 'xenomitochondrial mouse'), which has mild mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. We use the streptozotocin-induced diabetes model with insulin supplementation, with 20-weeks diabetes. We compare C57BL/6 mice and the 'xenomitochondrial' mouse, with measures of heart and kidney function, histology, and skin oxidative stress markers. Compared to C57BL/6 mice, the xenomitochondrial mouse has increased diabetic heart and kidney damage, with cardiac dysfunction, and increased cardiac and renal fibrosis. Our results show that mitochondrial oxidative stress consequent to divergent mtDNA can worsen diabetes complications. This has implications for novel therapeutics to counter diabetes complications, and for genetic studies of risk, as mtDNA genotypes may contribute to clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S. Januszewski
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Blake
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (R.B.); (S.A.)
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
| | - Sushma Anand
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (R.B.); (S.A.)
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Darren J. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
| | - Alicia J. Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ian A. Trounce
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (R.B.); (S.A.)
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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10
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Seger M, Ryan CD, Januszewski AS, Kilov G, MacIsaac RJ, Ludvigsson J, O'Neal DN, Jenkins AJ. Is it time to screen health literacy in diabetes clinical practice? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 208:111117. [PMID: 38280468 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Moa Seger
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Crown Princess Victoria Childreńs Hospital and Div of Pediatrics, Dept of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris D Ryan
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary Kilov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of General Practice, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Launceston Diabetes Clinic, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Childreńs Hospital and Div of Pediatrics, Dept of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David N O'Neal
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Monash University, Faculty of Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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11
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Wang D, Hou X, Huang J, Sun J, Kadowaki T, Lee MK, Jenkins AJ, Ji L. Incidence and trends of type 1 diabetes before and after 2000 in the Western Pacific Region: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 207:111055. [PMID: 38104899 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To undertake a systematic review of publications describing Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) incidence, trends over time and associated factors in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). METHODS As per the PROSPERO-registered (CRD42019122646) protocol English (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health) and Chinese data-bases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang) from onset to 31/12/2019 were searched for T1DM incidence in the WPR. Country level data extracted included annual crude incidence rates by sex, number of new cases per annum (p.a.) and cumulatively, and the population at-risk. A meta-analysis for T1DM incidence was performed (by region and narrow age-bands, where possible) with subgroup analyses by time and by region. FINDINGS Forty-five population-based studies (21 from China), published 1973-2017, estimated T1DM incidence, mostly in youth, in 11 WPR countries. After 2000, mean annual T1DM incidence/100,000 person years aged 0-14 years ranged from 0.9 (95 % confidence intervals (CI), 0.6-1.3) in Fiji to 23.2 (95 % CI, 21.3-25.2) in Australia. The mean annual increase over time ranged from 2.8 % in Australia (1990-2002) to 14.2 % in Shanghai (1997-2011). T1DM incidence increased most in China (2.7-fold over 30-years) then Thailand (2-fold over 15-years). Most studies documented increasing incidence with age, though only two studies included people aged ≥ 20 years. Many, but not all studies reported significantly higher T1DM incidence in females vs. males. CONCLUSION T1DM incidence in the WPR is generally increasing, varying by age, sex, time and country. Results increase understanding of regional T1DM incidence and inform research and healthcare strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xin Xiang 453100, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272 011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Toranomon Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen Nan Da Jie, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Handelsman DJ, Grossmann M, Yeap BB, Stuckey BGA, Shankara-Narayana N, Conway AJ, Inder WJ, McLachlan RI, Allan C, Jenkins AJ, Jesudason D, Bracken K, Wittert GA. Long-term Outcomes of Testosterone Treatment in Men: A T4DM Postrandomization Observational Follow-up Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e25-e31. [PMID: 37623257 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The T4DM study randomized 1007 men with impaired glucose tolerance or newly diagnosed diabetes to testosterone undecanoate (TU, 1000 mg) or matching placebo (P) injections every 12 weeks for 24 months with a lifestyle program with testosterone (T) treatment reducing diabetes diagnosis by 40%. BACKGROUND The long-term effects on new diagnosis of diabetes, cardiovascular and prostate disease, sleep apnea, weight maintenance trajectory and androgen dependence were not yet described. METHODS A follow-up email survey after a median of 5.1 years since last injection obtained 599 (59%) completed surveys (316 T, 283 P), with participants in the follow-up survey compared with nonparticipants in 23 anthropometric and demographic variables. RESULTS Randomization to was TU associated with stronger belief in study benefits during (64% vs 49%, P < .001) but not after the study (44% vs 40%, P = .07); there is high interest in future studies. At T4DM entry, 25% had sleep apnea with a new diagnosis more frequent on TU (3.0% vs 0.4%, P = .03) during, but not after, the study. Poststudy, resuming prescribed T treatment was more frequent among TU-treated men (6% vs 2.8%, P = .03). Five years after cessation of TU treatment there was no difference in self-reported rates of new diagnosis of diabetes, and prostate or cardiovascular disease, nor change in weight maintenance or weight loss behaviors. CONCLUSION We conclude that randomized T treatment for 24 months in men with impaired glucose tolerance or new diabetes but without pathological hypogonadism was associated with higher levels of self-reported benefits and diagnosis of sleep apnea during, but not after, the study as well as more frequent prescribed poststudy T treatment consistent with androgen dependence in some men receiving prolonged injectable TU.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, The University of Melbourne and Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Bronwyn G A Stuckey
- Keogh Institute for Medical Research, and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nandini Shankara-Narayana
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Ann J Conway
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Warrick J Inder
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and PA-Southside Clinical Unit, Medical School, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Robert I McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Carolyn Allan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David Jesudason
- Department of Endocrinology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Karen Bracken
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 506, Australia
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13
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Harding JL, Wander PL, Zhang X, Li X, Karuranga S, Chen H, Sun H, Xie Y, Oram RA, Magliano DJ, Zhou Z, Jenkins AJ, Ma RCW. Erratum. The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions. Diabetes Care 2022;45:994-1006. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:2084. [PMID: 37603850 PMCID: PMC10620534 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-er11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
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14
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Rao B, Januszewski AS, Brazionis L, O'Connell R, Aryal N, Shimmin G, O'Day J, Mitchell P, Colman PG, Keech AC, Jenkins AJ. No relationship between socioeconomic status, education level and development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a FIELD trial substudy. Intern Med J 2023; 53:2128-2131. [PMID: 37997276 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In 6002 Australian adults with type 2 diabetes and a median 5-year follow-up in the FIELD (Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes) trial, baseline socioeconomic status (SES) and self-reported education level were not related to development of on-trial sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Similarly, in a retinal photography substudy (n = 549), two-step diabetic retinopathy progression was not related to SES or education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Rao
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laima Brazionis
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel O'Connell
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nanda Aryal
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgia Shimmin
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin O'Day
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Huang L, Januszewski AS, Takahashi Y, O'Neal DN, Ma JX, Jenkins AJ. Increased intracellular miR-142 in adults with Type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108597. [PMID: 37659140 PMCID: PMC10592019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs), including miR-142, modulate gene expression and processes implicated in vascular damage and may serve as therapeutic targets and agents, including in Type 1 diabetes (T1D). The project aimed to assess whether miR-142 levels differ between people with and without T1D, and to analyse miR-142 associations with cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. Intracellular miRs were isolated from whole blood cell pellets using TRIzol-based methodology. In a cross-sectional study in 102 adults cellular miR-142 levels were significantly higher (on unadjusted and adjusted analyses) in 69 adults with T1D relative to 33 non-diabetic subjects: mean ± SD, 3.53 ± 3.66 vs. 1.25 ± 0.78, p < 0.0002, but were not related to HbA1c levels. Further miR-142 research, including longitudinal and intervention studies and basic science are of interest. miR-142 may be valuable in clinical practice for predicting health and as a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Deptartment of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sydney Pharmacy School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Deptartment of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Winton-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - David N O'Neal
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Deptartment of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Deptartment of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Winton-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Deptartment of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Winton-Salem, NC, USA; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Deptartment of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Deptartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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16
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Lan NSR, Hong RSY, Ryan C, Jenkins AJ, Fegan PG. Patient perceptions of cardiovascular risk, lipid management and statins in type 1 diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17:526-528. [PMID: 37532667 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-lowering reduces cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D), but dyslipidaemia remains under-recognised and under-treated. Through patient surveys, barriers to lipid management in T1D were identified, including lack of awareness of cardiovascular risk and cholesterol levels, preference for managing glycaemia over lipids, preference for lifestyle modification over pharmacotherapy, and statin side-effect concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick S R Lan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Regina S Y Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Australia
| | | | | | - P Gerry Fegan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Australia; Medical School, Curtin University, Australia
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17
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Jenkins AJ, Carroll LM, Huang MLH, Wen-Loh Y, Mangani A, O'Neal DN, Januszewski AS. Mitochondrial DNA copy number in adults with and without Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 203:110877. [PMID: 37579994 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial damage is implicated in diabetes pathogenesis and complications. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn) in human Type 1 diabetes (T1D) studies are lacking. We related mtDNA-cn in T1D and non-diabetic adults (CON) with diabetes complications and risk factors. METHODS Cross-sectional study: 178 T1D, 132 non-diabetic controls. Associations of whole blood mtDNA-cn (qPCR) with complications, inflammation, and C-peptide. RESULTS mtDNA-cn (median (LQ, UQ)) was lower in: T1D vs. CON (271 (189, 348) vs. 320 (264, 410); p < 0.0001); T1D with vs. without kidney disease (238 (180, 309) vs. 294 (198, 364); p = 0.02); and insulin injection vs. pump-users (251 (180, 340) vs. 322 (263, 406); p = 0.008). Significant univariate correlates of mtDNA-cn: T1D: (positive) HDL-C; (negative) fasting glucose, white cell count (WCC), sVCAM-1, sICAM-1; CON: (negative) WHR (waist-hip-ratio). Detectable C-peptide in T1D increased with lowest-highest mtDNA-cn tertiles (54%, 69%, 79%, p = 0.02). Independent determinants of mtDNA-cn: T1D: (positive) HDL-C; (negative) age, sICAM-1; AUROC 0.71; CON: WCC (negative), never smoking, (positive) female, pulse pressure; AUROC 0.74. CONCLUSIONS mtDNA-cn is lower in T1D vs. CON, and in T1D kidney disease. In T1D, mtDNA-cn correlates inversely with age and inflammation, and positively with HDL-C, detectable C-peptide and pump use. Further clinical and basic science studies are merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke M Carroll
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael L H Huang
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yik Wen-Loh
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abubakar Mangani
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David N O'Neal
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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18
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Lomax KE, Taplin CE, Abraham MB, Smith GJ, Haynes A, Zomer E, Ellis KL, Clapin H, Zoungas S, Jenkins AJ, Harrington J, de Bock MI, Jones TW, Davis EA. Socioeconomic status and diabetes technology use in youth with type 1 diabetes: a comparison of two funding models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1178958. [PMID: 37670884 PMCID: PMC10476216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1178958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Technology use, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin pump therapy, is associated with improved outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In 2017 CGM was universally funded for youth with T1D in Australia. In contrast, pump access is primarily accessed through private health insurance, self-funding or philanthropy. The study aim was to investigate the use of diabetes technology across different socioeconomic groups in Australian youth with T1D, in the setting of two contrasting funding models. Methods A cross-sectional evaluation of 4957 youth with T1D aged <18 years in the national registry was performed to determine technology use. The Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (IRSD) derived from Australian census data is an area-based measure of socioeconomic status (SES). Lower quintiles represent greater disadvantage. IRSD based on most recent postcode of residence was used as a marker of SES. A multivariable generalised linear model adjusting for age, diabetes duration, sex, remoteness classification, and location within Australia was used to determine the association between SES and device use. Results CGM use was lower in IRSD quintile 1 in comparison to quintiles 2 to 5 (p<0.001) where uptake across the quintiles was similar. A higher percentage of pump use was observed in the least disadvantaged IRSD quintiles. Compared to the most disadvantaged quintile 1, pump use progressively increased by 16% (95% CI: 4% to 31%) in quintile 2, 19% (6% to 33%) in quintile 3, 35% (21% to 50%) in quintile 4 and 51% (36% to 67%) in the least disadvantaged quintile 5. Conclusion In this large national dataset, use of diabetes technologies was found to differ across socioeconomic groups. For nationally subsidised CGM, use was similar across socioeconomic groups with the exception of the most disadvantaged quintile, an important finding requiring further investigation into barriers to CGM use within a nationally subsidised model. User pays funding models for pump therapy result in lower use with socioeconomic disadvantage, highlighting inequities in this funding approach. For the full benefits of diabetes technology to be realised, equitable access to pump therapy needs to be a health policy priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Lomax
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Craig E Taplin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mary B Abraham
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics within the Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grant J Smith
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aveni Haynes
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ella Zomer
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina L Ellis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Helen Clapin
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sophia Zoungas
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny Harrington
- Division of Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin I de Bock
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Timothy W Jones
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics within the Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics within the Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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19
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Kelly CB, Karanchi H, Yu JY, Leyva MJ, Jenkins AJ, Nankervis AJ, Hanssen KF, Garg SK, Scardo JA, Hammad SM, Aston CE, Beisswenger PJ, Lyons TJ. Plasma AGE and Oxidation Products, Renal Function, and Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes: A Prospective Observational Study. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:8537693. [PMID: 37601831 PMCID: PMC10435306 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8537693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims We aimed to determine whether plasma advanced glycation end products or oxidation products (AGE/oxidation-P) predict altered renal function and/or preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Methods Prospectively, using a nested case-control design, we studied 47 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, of whom 23 developed PE and 24 did not. Nineteen nondiabetic, normotensive pregnant women provided reference values. In plasma obtained at ~12, 22, and 32 weeks' gestation (visits 1, 2, and 3; V1-V3), we measured five AGE products (carboxymethyllysine (CML), carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL), methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone (MGH1), 3-deoxyglucosone hydroimidazolone (3DGH), and glyoxal-hydroimidazolone (GH1)) and four oxidation products (methionine sulfoxide (MetSO), 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), and dityrosine (DT)), by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Clinical outcomes were "estimated glomerular filtration rate" (eGFR) at each visit and onset of PE. Results In diabetic women, associations between AGE/oxidation-P and eGFR were found only in those who developed PE. In this group, CEL, MGH1, and GH1 at V2 and CML, CEL, MGH1, and GH1 at V3 were inversely associated with contemporaneous eGFR, while CEL, MGH1, 3DGH, and GH1 at V2 were inversely associated with eGFR at V3 (all p < 0.05). There were no associations of plasma AGE or oxidation-P with pregnancy-related development of proteinuria or PE. Conclusions Inverse associations of second and early third trimester plasma AGE with eGFR among type 1 diabetic women who developed PE suggest that these patients constitute a subset susceptible to AGE-mediated injury and thus to cardiorenal complications later in life. However, AGE/oxidation-P did not predict PE in type 1 diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare B. Kelly
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Harsha Karanchi
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy Y. Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Misti J. Leyva
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Diabetes Free South Carolina, BlueCross BlueShield of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Kristian F. Hanssen
- Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Satish K. Garg
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - James A. Scardo
- Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA
| | - Samar M. Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher E. Aston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Lyons
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Diabetes Free South Carolina, BlueCross BlueShield of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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20
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Yau TTL, Jenkins AJ, Ma RCW. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: a local perspective. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29:337-341. [PMID: 37584226 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj219644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T T L Yau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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Brazionis L, Quinn N, Dabbah S, Ryan CD, Møller DM, Richardson H, Keech AC, Januszewski AS, Grauslund J, Rasmussen ML, Peto T, Jenkins AJ. Review and comparison of retinal vessel calibre and geometry software and their application to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:2117-2133. [PMID: 36801971 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Developments in retinal imaging technologies have enabled the quantitative evaluation of the retinal vasculature. Changes in retinal calibre and/or geometry have been reported in systemic vascular diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and more recently in neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. Several retinal vessel analysis softwares exist, some being disease-specific, others for a broader context. In the research setting, retinal vasculature analysis using semi-automated software has identified associations between retinal vessel calibre and geometry and the presence of or risk of DM and its chronic complications, and of CVD and dementia, including in the general population. In this article, we review and compare the most widely used semi-automated retinal vessel analysis softwares and their associations with ocular imaging findings in common systemic diseases, including DM and its chronic complications, CVD, and dementia. We also provide original data comparing retinal calibre grading in people with Type 1 DM using two softwares, with good concordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laima Brazionis
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Quinn
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sami Dabbah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chris D Ryan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Dennis M Møller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hilary Richardson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malin Lundberg Rasmussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tunde Peto
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Sheu A, O’Connell RL, Jenkins AJ, Tran T, Drury PL, Sullivan DR, Li L, Colman P, O’Brien R, Kesäniemi YA, Center JR, White CP, Keech AC. Factors associated with fragility fractures in type 2 diabetes: An analysis of the randomised controlled Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3631. [PMID: 36893361 PMCID: PMC10909535 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fracture risk is elevated in some type 2 diabetes patients. Bone fragility may be associated with more clinically severe type 2 diabetes, although prospective studies are lacking. It is unknown which diabetes-related characteristics are independently associated with fracture risk. In this post-hoc analysis of fracture data from the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial (ISRCTN#64783481), we hypothesised that diabetic microvascular complications are associated with bone fragility. MATERIALS AND METHODS The FIELD trial randomly assigned 9795 type 2 diabetes participants (aged 50-75 years) to receive oral co-micronised fenofibrate 200 mg (n = 4895) or placebo (n = 4900) daily for a median of 5 years. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify baseline sex-specific diabetes-related parameters independently associated with incident fractures. RESULTS Over 49,470 person-years, 137/6138 men experienced 141 fractures and 143/3657 women experienced 145 fractures; incidence rates for the first fracture of 4∙4 (95% CI 3∙8-5∙2) and 7∙7 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 6∙5-9∙1), respectively. Fenofibrate had no effect on fracture outcomes. In men, baseline macrovascular disease (HR 1∙52, 95% CI 1∙05-2∙21, p = 0∙03), insulin use (HR 1∙62, HR 1∙03-2∙55, p = 0∙03), and HDL-cholesterol (HR 2∙20, 95% CI 1∙11-4∙36, p = 0∙02) were independently associated with fracture. In women, independent risk factors included baseline peripheral neuropathy (HR 2∙04, 95% CI 1∙16-3∙59, p = 0∙01) and insulin use (HR 1∙55, 95% CI 1∙02-2∙33, p = 0∙04). CONCLUSIONS Insulin use and sex-specific complications (in men, macrovascular disease; in women, neuropathy) are independently associated with fragility fractures in adults with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sheu
- Bone Biology DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Clinical SchoolSt Vincent's HospitalFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesSt Vincent's HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | | | | | - Thach Tran
- Bone Biology DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Clinical SchoolSt Vincent's HospitalFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Paul L. Drury
- Auckland Diabetes CentreAuckland District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand
| | - David R. Sullivan
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreUniversity of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
- Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - LiPing Li
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreUniversity of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Peter Colman
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneAustralia
- University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Richard O’Brien
- University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Austin HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Y. Antero Kesäniemi
- Internal Medicine Research UnitMedical Research CenterOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
- University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Jacqueline R. Center
- Bone Biology DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Clinical SchoolSt Vincent's HospitalFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesSt Vincent's HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Christopher P. White
- Clinical SchoolPrince of Wales HospitalFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPrince of Wales HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Anthony C. Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreUniversity of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
- Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
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23
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O'Rourke MB, Januszewski AS, Sullivan DR, Lengyel I, Stewart AJ, Arya S, Ma RC, Galande S, Hardikar AA, Joglekar MV, Keech AC, Jenkins AJ, Molloy MP. Optimised plasma sample preparation and LC-MS analysis to support large-scale proteomic analysis of clinical trial specimens: Application to the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200106. [PMID: 36891577 PMCID: PMC10909541 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Robust, affordable plasma proteomic biomarker workflows are needed for large-scale clinical studies. We evaluated aspects of sample preparation to allow liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of more than 1500 samples from the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial of adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Using LC-MS with data-independent acquisition we evaluated four variables: plasma protein depletion, EDTA or citrated anti-coagulant blood collection tubes, plasma lipid depletion strategies and plasma freeze-thaw cycles. Optimised methods were applied in a pilot study of FIELD participants. RESULTS LC-MS of undepleted plasma conducted over a 45 min gradient yielded 172 proteins after excluding immunoglobulin isoforms. Cibachrome-blue-based depletion yielded additional proteins but with cost and time expenses, while immunodepleting albumin and IgG provided few additional identifications. Only minor variations were associated with blood collection tube type, delipidation methods and freeze-thaw cycles. From 65 batches involving over 1500 injections, the median intra-batch quantitative differences in the top 100 proteins of the plasma external standard were less than 2%. Fenofibrate altered seven plasma proteins. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A robust plasma handling and LC-MS proteomics workflow for abundant plasma proteins has been developed for large-scale biomarker studies that balance proteomic depth with time and resource costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. O'Rourke
- Bowel Cancer & Biomarker LabSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Centre for InflammationCentenary InstituteSydneyAustralia
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Andrzej S. Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - David R. Sullivan
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of Chemical PathologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalNSW Health PathologyAustralia
| | - Imre Lengyel
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineDentistry and Biomedical ScienceQueen's University BelfastBelfastBelfastUK
| | | | - Swati Arya
- School of MedicineUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK
| | - Ronald C. Ma
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | | | - Anandwardhan A. Hardikar
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Present address:
Diabetes and Islet Biology groupSchool of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityCampbelltownAustralia
| | - Mugdha V. Joglekar
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Present address:
Diabetes and Islet Biology groupSchool of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityCampbelltownAustralia
| | - Anthony C. Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Alicia J. Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Bowel Cancer & Biomarker LabSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
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Tam CHT, Lim CKP, Luk AOY, Shi M, Man Cheung H, Ng ACW, Lee HM, Lau ESH, Fan B, Jiang G, Kong APS, Ozaki R, Chow EYK, Lee KF, Siu SC, Hui G, Tsang CC, Lau KP, Leung JYY, Cheung EYN, Tsang MW, Kam G, Lau IT, Li JKY, Yeung VTF, Lau E, Lo S, Fung S, Cheng YL, Chow CC, Fan X, Chan TF, Yip KYL, Lok S, Yu W, Tsui SKW, Lan HY, Szeto CC, Tang NLS, Tomlinson B, Huang Y, Jenkins AJ, Keech A, So WY, Chan JCN, Ma RCW. Identification of a Common Variant for Coronary Heart Disease at PDE1A Contributes to Individualized Treatment Goals and Risk Stratification of Cardiovascular Complications in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:1271-1281. [PMID: 37125963 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we aim to unravel genetic determinants of coronary heart disease (CHD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explore their applications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study for CHD in Chinese patients with T2D (3,596 case and 8,898 control subjects), followed by replications in European patients with T2D (764 case and 4,276 control subjects) and general populations (n = 51,442-547,261). Each identified variant was examined for its association with a wide range of phenotypes and its interactions with glycemic, blood pressure (BP), and lipid controls in incident cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS We identified a novel variant (rs10171703) for CHD (odds ratio 1.21 [95% CI 1.13-1.30]; P = 2.4 × 10-8) and BP (β ± SE 0.130 ± 0.017; P = 4.1 × 10-14) at PDE1A in Chinese T2D patients but found only a modest association with CHD in general populations. This variant modulated the effects of BP goal attainment (130/80 mmHg) on CHD (Pinteraction = 0.0155) and myocardial infarction (MI) (Pinteraction = 5.1 × 10-4). Patients with CC genotype of rs10171703 had >40% reduction in either cardiovascular events in response to BP control (2.9 × 10-8 < P < 3.6 × 10-5), those with CT genotype had no difference (0.0726 < P < 0.2614), and those with TT genotype had a threefold increase in MI risk (P = 6.7 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS We discovered a novel CHD- and BP-related variant at PDE1A that interacted with BP goal attainment with divergent effects on CHD risk in Chinese patients with T2D. Incorporating this information may facilitate individualized treatment strategies for precision care in diabetes, only when our findings are validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cadmon K P Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Andrea O Y Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mai Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Man Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alex C W Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eric S H Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Baoqi Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Risa Ozaki
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Elaine Y K Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Fai Lee
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Grace Hui
- Diabetes Centre, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Chiu Chi Tsang
- Diabetes and Education Centre, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Jenny Y Y Leung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Ruttonjee Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Elaine Y N Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Man Wo Tsang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Kam
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - June K Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent T F Yeung
- Centre for Diabetes Education and Management, Our Lady of Maryknoll Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Emmy Lau
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Stanley Lo
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Fung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Yuk Lun Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Chung Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaodan Fan
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Y L Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Si Lok
- Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Weichuan Yu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen K W Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nelson L S Tang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wing-Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Chen D, Jenkins AJ, Greenlaw N, Dudman K, Fernandes T, Carty DM, Hughes AD, Januszewski AS, Stehouwer CDA, Petrie JR. Cardiometabolic risk factors, peripheral arterial tonometry and metformin in adults with type 1 diabetes participating in the REducing with MetfOrmin Vascular Adverse Lesions trial. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2023; 20:14791641231183634. [PMID: 37387358 DOI: 10.1177/14791641231183634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) provides non-invasive measures of vascular health. Beneficial effects of metformin on vascular function have been reported in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the REducing with MetfOrmin Vascular Adverse Lesions (REMOVAL) trial in adults with T1D and high cardiovascular risk, we examined: (i) the extent to which routinely-measured cardiometabolic risk factors explain variance in baseline PAT; and (ii) the effects of metformin on PAT measures. METHODS Cross-sectional univariable and multivariable analyses of baseline reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AI) (EndoPAT® (Itamar, Israel); and analysis of 36-months metformin versus placebo on vascular tonometry. RESULTS In 364 adults ((mean ± SD) age 55.2 ± 8.5 years, T1D 34.0 ± 10.6 years, HbA1c 64.5 ± 9.0 mmol/mol (8.1 ± 0.8%)), RHI was 2.26 ± 0.74 and AI was 15.9 ± 19.2%. In an exhaustive search, independent associates of (i) RHI were smoking, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and vitamin B12 (adjusted R2 = 0.11) and (ii) AI were male sex, pulse pressure, heart rate and waist circumference (adjusted R2 = 0.31). Metformin did not significantly affect RHI or AI. CONCLUSION Cardiometabolic risk factors explained only a modest proportion of variance in PAT measures of vascular health in adults with T1D and high cardiovascular risk. PAT measures were not affected by metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chen
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Monash School of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Greenlaw
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katie Dudman
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tamsin Fernandes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Carty
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alun D Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Coen DA Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - John R Petrie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Smith G, Abraham MB, de Bock MI, Fairchild J, King BR, Ambler GR, Cameron FJ, McAuley SA, Keech A, Jenkins AJ, Davis EA, O'Neal DN, Jones TW. Impact of missing data on the accuracy of glucose metrics from continuous glucose monitoring assessed over a two-week period. Diabetes Technol Ther 2023; 25:356-362. [PMID: 36802246 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2022.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of missing data on the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics collected over a 2-week period in a clinical trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Simulations were conducted to examine the effect of various patterns of missingness on the accuracy of CGM metrics as compared to a 'complete' dataset. The proportion of missing data, the 'block size' in which the data were missing, and the missing mechanism were modified for each 'scenario'. The degree of agreement between simulated and 'true' glycemic measures under each scenario was presented as R2. RESULTS Under all missing patterns, R2 declined as the proportion of missing data increased, however, as the 'block size' of missing data increased, the percentage of missing data had a more pronounced effect on the agreement between measures. For a 14-day CGM dataset to be considered representative for percent time in range, at least 70% of CGM data should be available over at least 10 days (R2 > 0.9). Skewed outcome measures, such as percent time below range and coefficient of variation, were more affected by missing data than the less skewed measures (percent time in range, percent time above range, mean glucose). CONCLUSIONS Both the degree and pattern of missing data impact upon the accuracy of recommended CGM-derived glycemic measures. In planning research, an understanding of patterns of missing data in the study population is required to gauge the likely effects of missing data on outcome accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Smith
- Telethon Kids Institute, 117610, Children's Diabetes Centre, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue;
| | - Mary Binsu Abraham
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, 117610, Children's Diabetes Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, 2720, 3Division of Paediatrics, within the Medical School, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia;
| | - Martin Isaac de Bock
- University of Otago, Department of Paediatrics , Dunedin, Christchurch, New Zealand;
| | - Jan Fairchild
- Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide, 6053, Endocrinology and Diabetes, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5006;
| | - Bruce R King
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lookout Road, New Lambton, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, 2310
- University of Newcastle, Callighan, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, 2310;
| | - Geoffrey R Ambler
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Fergus J Cameron
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Dept of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052;
| | - Sybil A McAuley
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, 29 Regent St, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3065
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Department of Endocrinology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Anthony Keech
- The University of Sydney, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Department of Endocrinology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Sydney, 4334, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Perth Children's Hospital, 60081, HOD Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
- Telethon Kids Institute, 117610, Children's Diabetes Centre, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009;
| | - David N O'Neal
- University of Melbourne, Department of Melbourne (St Vincent's Hospital), Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Department of Endocrinology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Timothy W Jones
- Perth Children's Hospital, 60081, Medical Co-Director/Endocrinology and Diabetes, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
- Telethon Kids Institute, 117610, Children's Diabetes Centre, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009;
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Rao BN, Quinn N, Januszewski AS, Peto T, Brazionis L, Aryal N, O'Connell RL, Li L, Summanen P, Scott R, O'Day J, Keech AC, Jenkins AJ. Corrigendum to "Retinopathy risk calculators in the prediction of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: A FIELD substudy" [Diab. Res. Clin. Pract. 186 (2022) 109835]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 196:110234. [PMID: 36609014 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Rao
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Nicola Quinn
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tunde Peto
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Laima Brazionis
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital Campus, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nanda Aryal
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Liping Li
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Paula Summanen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Russell Scott
- Lipid and Diabetes Research Group, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Justin O'Day
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital Campus, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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O'Neal DN, Cohen O, Vogrin S, Vigersky RA, Jenkins AJ. An Assessment of Clinical Continuous Glucose Monitoring Targets for Older and High-Risk People Living with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2023; 25:108-115. [PMID: 36315189 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2022.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To assess relationships between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) time in range (TIR), 70-180 mg/dL, time below range (TBR), <70 mg/dL, time above range (TAR), >180 mg/dL, and glucose coefficient of variation (CV) in relation to currently recommended clinical CGM targets for older people, which recommend reduced TIR and TBR targets relative to the general type 1 diabetes population. Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis using the JDRF Australia Adult Hybrid Closed Loop trial database examining correlations in 120 adults with type 1 diabetes of 3 weeks masked CGM (Guardian Sensor 3; Medtronic) metrics (n = 61 on multiple daily injections, 59 on non-CGM augmented pumps) using manual insulin dosing at baseline and at 26-weeks, with 50% randomized to automated insulin dosing (AID). Results: Correlations between baseline TIR and TAR were strong (r = -0.966; P < 0.0001), weak for TBR (r = 0.363; P < 0.0001), and glucose CV (r = 0.037; P = 0.687) while moderate between CV and TBR (r = 0.726; P < 0.0001). Associations were similar for participants aged >60 years (n = 15) versus younger subjects. Correlations of changes in (Δ) TIR with ΔTAR over 26 weeks were strong (r = -0.945; P < 0.001) and correlations for ΔTBR were weak (r = 0.025; P = 0.802). ΔCV did not significantly correlate with ΔTAR (r = -0.064; P = 0.526) but did with ΔTBR (r = 0.770; P = <0.001). Conclusions: Changes in TIR are not associated with changes in TBR. Thus, we recommend that for older AID users whilst TBR targets should be prioritized to reduce hypoglycemia-related risk, TBR should be addressed independently of TIR. Clinical Trial Registratrion number: (ACTRN12617000520336).
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Affiliation(s)
- David N O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ohad Cohen
- Institute of Endocrinology, Ch. Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Robert A Vigersky
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, Parkville, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Januszewski AS, Niedzwiecki P, Sachithanandan N, Ward GM, Karschimkus CS, O'Neal DN, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz DA, Uruska AA, Jenkins AJ. Corrigendum to "Independent euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies validate clinically applicable formulae to estimate insulin sensitivity in people with type 1 diabetes" [Diabetes Metabol Syndr Clin Res Rev 17(1) (2023) 102691]. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102700. [PMID: 36586292 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Pawel Niedzwiecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Glenn M Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - David N O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Aleksandra A Uruska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
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30
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Januszewski AS, Niedzwiecki P, Sachithanandan N, Ward GM, Karschimkus CS, O'Neal DN, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz DA, Uruska AA, Jenkins AJ. Independent euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies validate clinically applicable formulae to estimate insulin sensitivity in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102691. [PMID: 36508938 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Low insulin sensitivity (IS) increases Type 1 diabetes (T1D) complication risk and can be estimated by simple formulae developed from complex euglycemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies. We aimed to validate these formulae using independent clamp data. METHODS Clamps were performed in 104 T1D adults. Measured glucose disposal rate (GDR) was correlated with eGDR and eLog10 M/I calculated by five IS formulae. RESULTS Correlations ranged between 0.23-0.40. Two IS formulae (by the authors), using age, sex, HDL-C, HbA1c, pulse pressure, BMI, and waist-hip-ratio had the highest correlation with measured GDR and the best performance in detecting low IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Pawel Niedzwiecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Glenn M Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - David N O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Aleksandra A Uruska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
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31
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Jin Q, Lau ESH, Luk AO, Tam CHT, Ozaki R, Lim CKP, Wu H, Chow EYK, Kong APS, Lee HM, Fan B, Ng ACW, Jiang G, Lee KF, Siu SC, Hui G, Tsang CC, Lau KP, Leung JY, Tsang MW, Cheung EYN, Kam G, Lau IT, Li JK, Yeung VT, Lau E, Lo S, Fung S, Cheng YL, Chow CC, Yu W, Tsui SKW, Huang Y, Lan HY, Szeto CC, So WY, Jenkins AJ, Chan JCN, Ma RCW. High-density lipoprotein subclasses and cardiovascular disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes: analysis from the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:293. [PMID: 36587202 PMCID: PMC9805680 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-density lipoproteins (HDL) comprise particles of different size, density and composition and their vasoprotective functions may differ. Diabetes modifies the composition and function of HDL. We assessed associations of HDL size-based subclasses with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality and their prognostic utility. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS HDL subclasses by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were determined in sera from 1991 fasted adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) consecutively recruited from March 2014 to February 2015 in Hong Kong. HDL was divided into small, medium, large and very large subclasses. Associations (per SD increment) with outcomes were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. C-statistic, integrated discrimination index (IDI), and categorial and continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to assess predictive value. RESULTS Over median (IQR) 5.2 (5.0-5.4) years, 125 participants developed incident CVD and 90 participants died. Small HDL particles (HDL-P) were inversely associated with incident CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65 (95% CI 0.52, 0.81)] and all-cause mortality [0.47 (0.38, 0.59)] (false discovery rate < 0.05). Very large HDL-P were positively associated with all-cause mortality [1.75 (1.19, 2.58)]. Small HDL-P improved prediction of mortality [C-statistic 0.034 (0.013, 0.055), IDI 0.052 (0.014, 0.103), categorical NRI 0.156 (0.006, 0.252), and continuous NRI 0.571 (0.246, 0.851)] and CVD [IDI 0.017 (0.003, 0.038) and continuous NRI 0.282 (0.088, 0.486)] over the RECODe model. CONCLUSION Small HDL-P were inversely associated with incident CVD and all-cause mortality and improved risk stratification for adverse outcomes in people with T2D. HDL-P may be used as markers for residual risk in people with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jin
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Eric S. H. Lau
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Andrea O. Luk
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Claudia H. T. Tam
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre on Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Risa Ozaki
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Cadmon K. P. Lim
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre on Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Hongjiang Wu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Elaine Y. K. Chow
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Alice P. S. Kong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Heung Man Lee
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Baoqi Fan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre on Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Alex C. W. Ng
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Ka Fai Lee
- grid.415591.d0000 0004 1771 2899Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yau Ma Tei, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Shing Chung Siu
- grid.417347.20000 0004 1799 526XDiabetes Centre, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Grace Hui
- grid.417347.20000 0004 1799 526XDiabetes Centre, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Chiu Chi Tsang
- grid.413608.80000 0004 1772 5868Diabetes and Education Centre, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Kam Piu Lau
- grid.490321.d0000000417722990North District Hospital, Sheung Shui, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Jenny Y. Leung
- grid.416291.90000 0004 1775 0609Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Ruttonjee Hospital, Wan Chai, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Man-wo Tsang
- grid.417037.60000 0004 1771 3082Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Elaine Y. N. Cheung
- grid.417037.60000 0004 1771 3082Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Grace Kam
- grid.417037.60000 0004 1771 3082Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Ip Tim Lau
- grid.490601.a0000 0004 1804 0692Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hang Hau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - June K. Li
- grid.417335.70000 0004 1804 2890Department of Medicine, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Vincent T. Yeung
- grid.499546.30000 0000 9690 2842Centre for Diabetes Education and Management, Our Lady of Maryknoll Hospital, Wong Tai Sin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Emmy Lau
- grid.417134.40000 0004 1771 4093Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Stanley Lo
- grid.417134.40000 0004 1771 4093Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Samuel Fung
- grid.415229.90000 0004 1799 7070Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Lai Chi Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Yuk Lun Cheng
- grid.413608.80000 0004 1772 5868Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Chun Chung Chow
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Weichuan Yu
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Stephen K. W. Tsui
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Yu Huang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Hui-yao Lan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Wing Yee So
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Alicia J. Jenkins
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre on Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Ronald C. W. Ma
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre on Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
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32
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Wong KK, Cheng F, Lim CKP, Tam CHT, Tutino G, Yuen LY, Wang CC, Hou Y, Chan MHM, Ho CS, Joglekar MV, Hardikar AA, Jenkins AJ, Metzger BE, Lowe WL, Tam WH, Ma RCW. Early emergence of sexual dimorphism in offspring leukocyte telomere length was associated with maternal and children's glucose metabolism-a longitudinal study. BMC Med 2022; 20:490. [PMID: 36536359 PMCID: PMC9764638 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is suggested to be a biomarker of biological age and reported to be associated with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Glucose metabolic traits including glucose and insulin levels have been reported to be associated with LTL in adulthood. However, there is relatively little research focusing on children's LTL and the association with prenatal exposures. This study investigates the relationship between maternal and offspring glucose metabolism with offspring LTL in early life. METHODS This study included 882 mother-child pairs from the HAPO Hong Kong Field Centre, with children evaluated at age 7.0 ± 0.4 (mean ± SD) years. Glucose metabolic traits including maternal post-load glucose during pregnancy, children's glucose and insulin levels, and their derived indices at follow-up were measured or calculated. Offspring LTL was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Sex- and age-adjusted children's LTL was found to be associated with children's HOMA-IR (β=-0.046 ± 0.016, p=0.005). Interestingly, both children's and maternal post-load glucose levels were positively associated with children's LTL. However, negative associations were observed between children's LTL and children's OGTT insulin levels. In addition, the LTL in females was more strongly associated with pancreatic beta-cell function whilst LTL in males was more strongly associated with OGTT glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a close association between maternal and offspring glucose metabolic traits with early life LTL, with the offspring sex as an important modifier of the disparate relationships in insulin production and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwun Kiu Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Feifei Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Cadmon K P Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Greg Tutino
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lai Yuk Yuen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Michael H M Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Boyd E Metzger
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Wing Hung Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. .,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. .,Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong. .,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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33
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Jenkins AJ, Syreeni A, Mutter S, Januszewski AS, Groop PH. Telomeres in clinical diabetes research - Moving towards precision medicine in diabetes care? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 194:110178. [PMID: 36427630 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The early prediction of health outcomes for people with diabetes mellitus is desirable, as are adjunct therapies to reduce the related chronic complications and risk of premature death. The length of telomeres, protective caps on chromosome ends, is influenced by genetic and acquired factors, and shorter telomeres have been associated with and predictive of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. Many studies have shown associations between telomere length in white blood cells (WBC) and diabetes per se and its chronic complications, and some studies show that telomeres do not always progressively shorten in people with diabetes. With the pandemic of diabetes and taking into consideration the calculations of residual risk using existent risk equations, additional tests to stratify subject risk are desirable. In this evolving era of precision medicine for people with diabetes, this 'global biomarker' of WBC telomere length may be useful to help predict health outcomes, to monitor health status, and may be a therapeutic target. We comment on the field of telomere investigations in diabetes, including recommending areas for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, Sydney 2050, Australia; The University of Melbourne, The Department of Medicine, St. Vincents, 29 Princes St, Fitzroy, Melbourne 3065, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincents Health, 41 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, Melbourne 3065, Australia
| | - Anna Syreeni
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Mutter
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, Sydney 2050, Australia; The University of Melbourne, The Department of Medicine, St. Vincents, 29 Princes St, Fitzroy, Melbourne 3065, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincents Health, 41 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, Melbourne 3065, Australia
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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34
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Morrison D, Paldus B, Zaharieva DP, Lee MH, Vogrin S, Jenkins AJ, Gerche AL, MacIsaac RJ, McAuley SA, Ward GM, Colman PG, Smart CEM, Seckold R, Grosman B, Roy A, King BR, Riddell MC, O'Neal DN. Late Afternoon Vigorous Exercise Increases Postmeal but Not Overnight Hypoglycemia in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Managed with Automated Insulin Delivery. Diabetes Technol Ther 2022; 24:873-880. [PMID: 36094458 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2022.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To compare evening and overnight hypoglycemia risk after late afternoon exercise with a nonexercise control day in adults with type 1 diabetes using automated insulin delivery (AID). Methods: Thirty adults with type 1 diabetes using AID (Minimed 670G) performed in random order 40 min high intensity interval aerobic exercise (HIE), resistance (RE), and moderate intensity aerobic exercise (MIE) exercise each separated by >1 week. The closed-loop set-point was temporarily increased 2 h pre-exercise and a snack eaten if plasma glucose was ≤126 mg/dL pre-exercise. Exercise commenced at ∼16:00. A standardized meal was eaten at ∼20:40. Hypoglycemic events were defined as a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) reading <70 mg/dL for ≥15 min. Four-hour postevening meal and overnight (00:00-06:00) CGM metrics for exercise were compared with the prior nonexercise day. Results: There was no severe hypoglycemia. Between 00:00 and 06:00, the proportion of nights with hypoglycemia did not differ postexercise versus control for HIE (18% vs. 11%; P = 0.688), RE (4% vs. 14%; P = 0.375), and MIE (7% vs. 14%; P = 0.625). Time in range (TIR) (70-180 mg/dL), >75% for all nights, did not differ between exercise conditions and control. Hypoglycemia episodes postmeal after exercise versus control did not differ for HIE (22% vs. 7%; P = 0.219) and MIE (10% vs. 14%; P > 0.999), but were greater post-RE (39% vs. 10%; P = 0.012). Conclusions: Overnight TIR was excellent with AID without increased hypoglycemia postexercise between 00:00 and 06:00 compared with nonexercise days. In contrast, hypoglycemia risk was increased after the first meal post-RE, suggesting the importance of greater vigilance and specific guidelines for meal-time dosing, particularly with vigorous RE. ACTRN12618000905268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Morrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbora Paldus
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Dessi P Zaharieva
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melissa H Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - André La Gerche
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sybil A McAuley
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Glenn M Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carmel E M Smart
- Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rowen Seckold
- Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | | | - Bruce R King
- Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Norman O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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35
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Januszewski AS, Velayutham V, Benitez-Aguirre PZ, Craig ME, Cusumano J, Pryke A, Hing S, Liew G, Cho YH, Chew EY, Jenkins AJ, Donaghue KC. Optimal Frequency of Retinopathy Screening in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Markov Modeling Approach Based on 30 Years of Data. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2383-2390. [PMID: 35975939 PMCID: PMC9643143 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current guidelines recommend biennial diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening commencing at the age of 11 years and after 2-5 years' duration of type 1 diabetes. Growing evidence suggests less frequent screening may be feasible. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective data were collected from 2,063 youth with type 1 diabetes who were screened two or more times between 1990 and 2019. Baseline (mean ± SD) age was 13.3 ± 1.8 years, HbA1c was 8.6 ± 1.3% (70.1 ± 14.7 mmol/mol), diabetes duration was 5.6 ± 2.8 years, and follow-up time was 4.8 ± 2.8 years. DR was manually graded from 7-field retinal photographs using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scale. Markov chain was used to calculate probabilities of DR change over time and hazard ratio (HR) of DR stage transition. RESULTS The incidence of moderate nonproliferative DR (MNPDR) or worse was 8.6 per 1,000 patient-years. Probabilities of transition to this state after a 3-year interval were from no DR, 1.3%; from minimal DR, 5.1%; and from mild DR, 22.2%, respectively. HRs (95% CIs) for transition per 1% current HbA1c increase were 1.23 (1.16-1.31) from no DR to minimal NPDR, 1.12 (1.03-1.23) from minimal to mild NPDR, and 1.28 (1.13-1.46) from mild to MNPDR or worse. HbA1c alone explained 27% of the transitions between no retinopathy and MNPDR or worse. The addition of diabetes duration into the model increased this value to 31% (P = 0.03). Risk was also increased by female sex and higher attained age. CONCLUSIONS These results support less frequent DR screening in youth with type 1 diabetes without DR and short duration. Although DR progression to advanced stages is generally slow, higher HbA1c greatly accelerates it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S. Januszewski
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vallimayil Velayutham
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Z. Benitez-Aguirre
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria E. Craig
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janine Cusumano
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison Pryke
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Hing
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerald Liew
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yoon Hi Cho
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Y. Chew
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alicia J. Jenkins
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim C. Donaghue
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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36
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Wong KK, Cheng F, Mao D, Lim CKP, Tam CHT, Wang CC, Yuen LY, Chan MHM, Ho CS, Joglekar MV, Hardikar AA, Jenkins AJ, Metzger BE, Lowe WL, Tam WH, Ma RCW. Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy Are Associated With Offspring Telomere Length: A Longitudinal Mother-Child Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3901-e3909. [PMID: 35588001 PMCID: PMC9761577 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a biomarker of biological aging and is associated with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Insufficient maternal vitamin D was associated with increased risk for many diseases and adverse later life outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the relationship between vitamin D levels and offspring LTL at early life. METHODS This observational, longitudinal, hospital-based cohort study included eligible mother-child pairs from the HAPO Hong Kong Field Centre, with 853 offspring at age 6.96 ± 0.44 (mean ± SD) years. LTL was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction while serum vitamin D metabolites 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 were measured in maternal blood (at gestation 24-32 weeks) and cord blood by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS LTL at follow-up was significantly shorter in boys compared with girls (P < 0.001) at age 7. Childhood LTL was negatively associated with childhood BMI (β ± SE = -0.016 ± 0.007)(P = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (β ± SE = -0.065 ± 0.021)(P = 0.002). Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D and LTL, with covariate adjustments. Childhood LTL was positively correlated with total maternal 25(OH)D (0.048 ± 0.017) (P = 0.004) and maternal 3-epi-25(OH)D3 (0.05 ± 0.017) (P = 0.003), even after adjustment for covariates. A similar association was also noted for cord 3-epi-25(OH)D3 (0.037 ± 0.018) (P = 0.035) after adjustment for offspring sex and age. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in utero may impact on childhood LTLs, highlighting a potential link between maternal vitamin D and biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwun Kiu Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feifei Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cadmon K P Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong–Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Yuk Yuen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael H M Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Boyd E Metzger
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Wing Hung Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Correspondence: Ronald C. W. Ma, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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37
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Hensman CJ, Gooley JL, Januszewski AS, Lee MH, MacIsaac RJ, Boston RC, Ward GM, Jenkins AJ. Insulin antibodies are prevalent in adults with type 1 diabetes referred for islet cell transplantation and are modified by islet transplantation and immunosuppression: an Australian experience. Intern Med J 2022; 52:1434-1436. [PMID: 35973960 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have analysed insulin antibodies in 149 adults with type 1 diabetes and 2859 people without diabetes. We have determined that insulin antibody levels are higher in adults with, versus without, diabetes and that the levels are falling, and more patients are becoming antibody-negative post islet cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum J Hensman
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judith L Gooley
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa H Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond C Boston
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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- St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn M Ward
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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38
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Kong YW, Venkatesh N, Paldus B, Lee MH, Zhu JJ, Sawyer M, Chakrabarti A, Uren C, MacIsaac RJ, Jenkins AJ, O'Neal DN. Upload and Review of Insulin Pump and Glucose Sensor Data by Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Clinic Audit. Diabetes Technol Ther 2022; 24:531-534. [PMID: 35167376 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2021.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Devices have facilitated improvement in glycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but self-management remains key. It is unclear whether people review their device data before clinic appointment. We assessed this by a survey. T1DM adults using glucose sensors and/or insulin pumps attending an Australian public hospital (diabetes clinics >4 months) were prospectively surveyed. The percentage who uploaded and reviewed their data was determined and their interest in education facilitating understanding of their device data was assessed. Of 138 adults (100% participation rate), 79% uploaded and 32% reviewed their device data before their clinic appointments. Individuals using pumps with sensors were most likely to review their data. Median HbA1c levels were lower in those who did versus did not review their device data (50.8 vs. 61.8 mmol/mol, P = 0.0001). Most (89%) were interested in education. Although diabetes technology has improved glycemia in T1DM, the benefits may be maximized through device-specific education programs enhancing self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Nisha Venkatesh
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Barbora Paldus
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Melissa H Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Jasmine J Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Matthew Sawyer
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Anindita Chakrabarti
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Christopher Uren
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - David N O'Neal
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
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39
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Syreeni A, Carroll LM, Mutter S, Januszewski AS, Forsblom C, Lehto M, Groop PH, Jenkins AJ. Telomeres do not always shorten over time in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 188:109926. [PMID: 35580703 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to determine how white blood cell (WBC) telomeres and telomere length change over time are associated with health status in type 1 diabetes. METHODS Relative telomere length (rTL) was measured in WBC DNA from two time-points (median 6.8 years apart) in 618 individuals from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study by quantitative PCR, with interassay CV ≤ 4%. RESULTS Baseline rTL correlated inversely with age and was shorter in men. Individuals in the shortest vs. longest rTL tertile had adverse cardiometabolic profiles, worse renal function, and were prescribed more antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs. While overall rTL tended to decrease during the median 6.8-years of follow-up, telomeres shortened in 55.3% of subjects, lengthened in 40.0%, and did not change in 4.7%. Baseline rTL correlated inversely with rTL change. Telomere lengthening was associated with higher HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL-C/ApoA1, and with antihypertensive drug and (inversely) with lipid-lowering drug commencement during follow-up. Correlates of rTL percentage change per-annum (adjusted model) were baseline BMI, eGFR, previous retinal laser treatment, HDL-C, and HDL-C/ApoA1. CONCLUSIONS Telomere length measurements may facilitate the treatment and monitoring of the health status of individuals with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Syreeni
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luke M Carroll
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stefan Mutter
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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40
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Trawley S, Stephens AN, McAuley SA, Speight J, Hendrieckx C, Vogrin S, Lee MH, Paldus B, Bach LA, Burt MG, Cohen ND, Colman PG, Davis EA, Holmes-Walker DJ, Jenkins AJ, Kaye J, Keech AC, Kumareswaran K, MacIsaac RJ, McCallum RW, Sims CM, Stranks SN, Sundararajan V, Ward GM, Jones TW, O'Neal DN. Driving with Type 1 Diabetes: Real-World Evidence to Support Starting Glucose Level and Frequency of Monitoring During Journeys. Diabetes Technol Ther 2022; 24:350-356. [PMID: 35156852 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2021.0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is limited evidence supporting the recommendation that drivers with insulin-treated diabetes need to start journeys with glucose >90 mg/dL. Glucose levels of drivers with type 1 diabetes were monitored for 3 weeks using masked continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Eighteen drivers (median [IQR] age 40 [35, 51] years; 11 men) undertook 475 trips (duration 15 [13, 21] min). Hypoglycemia did not occur in any trip starting with glucose >90 mg/dL (92%; n = 436). Thirteen drivers recorded at least one trip (total n = 39) starting with glucose <90 mg/dL. Among these, driving glucose was <70 mg/dL in five drivers (38%) during 10 trips (26%). Among five drivers (28%), a ≥ 36 mg/dL drop was observed within 20 min of starting their journey. Journey duration was positively associated with maximum glucose change. These findings support current guidelines to start driving with glucose >90 mg/dL, and to be aware that glucose levels may change significantly within 20 min. A CGM-based, in-vehicle display could provide glucose information and alerts that are compatible with safe driving. Clinical Trial Registration number: ACTRN12617000520336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Trawley
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sybil A McAuley
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Speight
- Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christel Hendrieckx
- Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa H Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbora Paldus
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leon A Bach
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Alfred), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Morton G Burt
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Neale D Cohen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - D Jane Holmes-Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joey Kaye
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kavita Kumareswaran
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roland W McCallum
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
| | - Catriona M Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen N Stranks
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Glenn M Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy W Jones
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David N O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Quinn N, Januszewski AS, Brazionis L, O'Connell R, Aryal N, O'Day J, Scott R, Mitchell P, Jenkins AJ, Keech AC. Fenofibrate, which reduces risk of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes, is associated with early narrowing of retinal venules: a FIELD trial substudy. Intern Med J 2022; 52:676-679. [PMID: 35419960 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Retinal vessel calibre metrics were evaluated at baseline and 2 years in a FIELD substudy (n = 208). Central retinal venule calibre was significantly reduced by fenofibrate and unchanged by placebo. Arteriole metrics did not change. Larger studies relating retinal vessel calibre to future diabetes complications and response to therapy are merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Quinn
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laima Brazionis
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel O'Connell
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nanda Aryal
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin O'Day
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Russell Scott
- Lipid and Diabetes Research Group, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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42
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Rao BN, Quinn N, Januszewski AS, Peto T, Brazionis L, Aryal N, O'Connell RL, Li L, Summanen P, Scott R, O'Day J, Keech AC, Jenkins AJ. Retinopathy risk calculators in the prediction of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: A FIELD substudy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 186:109835. [PMID: 35314259 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the risk algorithm by Aspelund et al. for predicting sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) in Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and to develop a new STDR prediction model. METHODS The Aspelund et al. algorithm was used to calculate STDR risk from baseline variables in 1012 participants in the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) ophthalmological substudy, compared to on-trial STDR status, and receiver operating characteristic analysis performed. Using multivariable logistic regression, traditional risk factors and fenofibrate allocation as STDR predictors were evaluated, with bootstrap-based optimism-adjusted estimates of predictive performance calculated. RESULTS STDR developed in 28 participants. The Aspelund et al. algorithm predicted STDR at 2- and 5-years with area under the curve (AUC) 0.86 (95% CI 0.77-0.94) and 0.86 (0.81-0.92), respectively. In the second model STDR risk factors were any DR at baseline (OR 24.0 [95% CI 5.53-104]), HbA1c (OR 1.95 [1.43-2.64]) and male sex (OR 4.34 [1.32-14.3]), while fenofibrate (OR 0.13 [0.05-0.38]) was protective. This model had excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS The algorithm by Aspelund et al. predicts STDR well in the FIELD ophthalmology substudy. Logistic regression analysis found DR at baseline, male sex, and HbA1c were predictive of STDR and, fenofibrate was protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Rao
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Nicola Quinn
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tunde Peto
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Laima Brazionis
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital Campus, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nanda Aryal
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Liping Li
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Paula Summanen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Russell Scott
- Lipid and Diabetes Research Group, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Justin O'Day
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital Campus, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fralick
- Sinai Health System, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Insulin For Life Global, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre & Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Jenkins AJ, Grant MB, Busik JV. Lipids, hyperreflective crystalline deposits and diabetic retinopathy: potential systemic and retinal-specific effect of lipid-lowering therapies. Diabetologia 2022; 65:587-603. [PMID: 35149880 PMCID: PMC9377536 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolically active retina obtains essential lipids by endogenous biosynthesis and from the systemic circulation. Clinical studies provide limited and sometimes conflicting evidence as to the relationships between circulating lipid levels and the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetes. Cardiovascular-system-focused clinical trials that also evaluated some retinal outcomes demonstrate the potential protective power of lipid-lowering therapies in diabetic retinopathy and some trials with ocular primary endpoints are in progress. Although triacylglycerol-lowering therapies with fibrates afforded some protection against diabetic retinopathy, the effect was independent of changes in traditional blood lipid classes. While systemic LDL-cholesterol lowering with statins did not afford protection against diabetic retinopathy in most clinical trials, and none of the trials focused on retinopathy as the main outcome, data from very large database studies suggest the possible effectiveness of statins. Potential challenges in these studies are discussed, including lipid-independent effects of fibrates and statins, modified lipoproteins and retinal-specific effects of lipid-lowering drugs. Dysregulation of retinal-specific cholesterol metabolism leading to retinal cholesterol accumulation and potential formation of cholesterol crystals are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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45
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Harding JL, Wander PL, Zhang X, Li X, Karuranga S, Chen H, Sun H, Xie Y, Oram RA, Magliano DJ, Zhou Z, Jenkins AJ, Ma RC. The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:994-1006. [PMID: 35349653 PMCID: PMC9016739 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is not well-characterized due to the historic focus on T1D as a childhood-onset disease. PURPOSE We assess the incidence of adult-onset (≥20 years) T1D, by country, from available data. DATA SOURCES A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and the gray literature, through 11 May 2021, was undertaken. STUDY SELECTION We included all population-based studies reporting on adult-onset T1D incidence and published from 1990 onward in English. DATA EXTRACTION With the search we identified 1,374 references of which 46 were included for data extraction. Estimates of annual T1D incidence were allocated into broad age categories (20-39, 40-59, ≥60, or ≥20 years) as appropriate. DATA SYNTHESIS Overall, we observed the following patterns: 1) there is a paucity of data, particularly in low- and middle-income countries; 2) the incidence of adult-onset T1D is lowest in Asian and highest in Nordic countries; 3) adult-onset T1D is higher in men versus women; 4) it is unclear whether adult-onset T1D incidence declines with increasing age; and 5) it is unclear whether incidence of adult-onset T1D has changed over time. LIMITATIONS Results are generalizable to high-income countries, and misclassification of diabetes type cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS From available data, this systematic review suggests that the incidence of T1D in adulthood is substantial and highlights the pressing need to better distinguish T1D from T2D in adults so that we may better assess and respond to the true burden of T1D in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Harding
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Pandora L. Wander
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Xinge Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Hongzhi Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Sun
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yuting Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
- Exeter Academic Kidney Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K
| | | | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alicia J. Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre at the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ronald C.W. Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Cheng F, Luk AO, Shi M, Huang C, Jiang G, Yang A, Wu H, Lim CKP, Tam CHT, Fan B, Lau ESH, Ng ACW, Wong KK, Carroll L, Lee HM, Kong AP, Keech AC, Chow E, Joglekar MV, Tsui SKW, So WY, So HC, Hardikar AA, Jenkins AJ, Chan JCN, Ma RCW. Shortened Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated With Glycemic Progression in Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective and Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:701-709. [PMID: 35085380 PMCID: PMC8918237 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies support associations between relative leukocyte telomere length (rLTL), a biomarker of biological aging and type 2 diabetes. This study investigates the relationship between rLTL and the risk of glycemic progression in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this cohort study, consecutive Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (N = 5,506) from the Hong Kong Diabetes Register with stored baseline DNA and available follow-up data were studied. rLTL was measured using quantitative PCR. Glycemic progression was defined as the new need for exogenous insulin. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 5,349 subjects was 57.0 (13.3) years, and mean (SD) follow-up was 8.8 (5.4) years. Baseline rLTL was significantly shorter in the 1,803 subjects who progressed to insulin requirement compared with the remaining subjects (4.43 ± 1.16 vs. 4.69 ± 1.20). Shorter rLTL was associated with a higher risk of glycemic progression (hazard ratio [95% CI] for each unit decrease [to ∼0.2 kilobases]: 1.10 [1.06-1.14]), which remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Baseline rLTL was independently associated with glycemic exposure during follow-up (β = -0.05 [-0.06 to -0.04]). Each 1-kilobase decrease in absolute LTL was on average associated with a 1.69-fold higher risk of diabetes progression (95% CI 1.35-2.11). Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis showed per 1-unit genetically decreased rLTL was associated with a 1.38-fold higher risk of diabetes progression (95% CI 1.12-1.70). CONCLUSIONS Shorter rLTL was significantly associated with an increased risk of glycemic progression in individuals with type 2 diabetes, independent of established risk factors. Telomere length may be a useful biomarker for glycemic progression in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrea O Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mai Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuiguo Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongjiang Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cadmon K P Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baoqi Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric S H Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex C W Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwun Kiu Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luke Carroll
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heung Man Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice P Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen K W Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hon Cheong So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jin Q, Lau ES, Luk AO, Ozaki R, Chow EY, So T, Yeung T, Loo KM, Lim CK, Kong AP, So WY, Jenkins AJ, Chan JC, Ma RC. Skin autofluorescence is associated with progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study from the Hong Kong diabetes biobank. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:436-446. [PMID: 34895800 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Skin autofluorescence (SAF) can non-invasively assess the accumulation of tissue AGEs. We investigated the association between SAF and kidney dysfunction in participants with T2D. METHODS Of 4030 participants consecutively measured SAF at baseline, 3725 participants free of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) were included in the analyses. The association of SAF with incident ESKD or ≥30% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was examined with Cox regression, linear mixed-effects model for the association with annual eGFR decline, and mediation analyses for the mediating roles of renal markers. RESULTS During a median (IQR) 1.8 (1.1-3.1) years of follow-up, 411 participants developed the outcome. SAF was associated with progression of kidney disease (hazard ratio 1.15 per SD, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.04, 1.28]) and annual decline in eGFR (β -0.39 per SD, 95% CI [-0.71, -0.07]) after adjustment for risk factors, including baseline eGFR and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR). Decreased eGFR (12.9%) and increased UACR (25.8%) accounted for 38.7% of the effect of SAF on renal outcome. CONCLUSIONS SAF is independently associated with progression of kidney disease. More than half of its effect is independent of renal markers. SAF is of potential to be a prognostic marker for kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jin
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Eric Sh Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Andrea Oy Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Risa Ozaki
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Elaine Yk Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tammy So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Theresa Yeung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kit-Man Loo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cadmon Kp Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alice Ps Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Juliana Cn Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ronald Cw Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Cheng F, Luk AO, Wu H, Tam CHT, Lim CKP, Fan B, Jiang G, Carroll L, Yang A, Lau ESH, Ng ACW, Lee HM, Chow E, Kong APS, Keech AC, Joglekar MV, So WY, Hardikar AA, Chan JCN, Jenkins AJ, Ma RCW. Relative leucocyte telomere length is associated with incident end-stage kidney disease and rapid decline of kidney function in type 2 diabetes: analysis from the Hong Kong Diabetes Register. Diabetologia 2022; 65:375-386. [PMID: 34807303 PMCID: PMC8741666 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Few large-scale prospective studies have investigated associations between relative leucocyte telomere length (rLTL) and kidney dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We examined relationships between rLTL and incident end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and the slope of eGFR decline in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We studied 4085 Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes observed between 1995 and 2007 in the Hong Kong Diabetes Register with stored baseline DNA and available follow-up data. rLTL was measured using quantitative PCR. ESKD was diagnosed based on the ICD-9 code and eGFR. RESULTS In this cohort (mean ± SD age 54.3 ± 12.6 years) followed up for 14.1 ± 5.3 years, 564 individuals developed incident ESKD and had shorter rLTL at baseline (4.2 ± 1.2 vs 4.7 ± 1.2, p < 0.001) than the non-progressors (n = 3521). On Cox regression analysis, each ∆∆Ct decrease in rLTL was associated with an increased risk of incident ESKD (HR 1.21 [95% CI 1.13, 1.30], p < 0.001); the association remained significant after adjusting for baseline age, sex, HbA1c, lipids, renal function and other risk factors (HR 1.11 [95% CI 1.03, 1.19], p = 0.007). Shorter rLTL at baseline was associated with rapid decline in eGFR (>4% per year) during follow-up (unadjusted OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.15, 1.30], p < 0.001; adjusted OR 1.09 [95% CI 1.01, 1.17], p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION rLTL is independently associated with incident ESKD and rapid eGFR loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Telomere length may be a useful biomarker for the progression of kidney function and ESKD in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Andrea O Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hongjiang Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Cadmon K P Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Baoqi Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Luke Carroll
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Eric S H Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Alex C W Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Heung Man Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Brennan F, Williams P, Armstrong K, Klatman E, Donelan N, Ogle GD, Eussen A, Jenkins AJ. A human rights-based approach to improve access to insulin and other aspects of diabetes care. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 183:109153. [PMID: 34838641 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many nations struggle to provide adequate diabetes care. Legal as well as moral obligations may facilitate access. International human rights law places obligations on governments to ensure the accessibility and affordability of insulin (a World Health Organization essential medicine), and other components of diabetes care. Despite this obligation, the global reality is that access remains deficient. A human rights approach facilitating the improvement of diabetes services and equitable access to insulin provides a strong framework, theoretically and practically, for advocacy and policymaking changes. This approach links governments to their international obligations, fosters the ideal of, and adherence to, national essential medicine lists, complements the pursuit of international goals in non-communicable diseases, and should influence the actions of pharmaceutical and device companies. This approach empowers patients, families, and communities living with diabetes, and grounds actions by governments, clinicians, and non-government organisations in the principles of dignity, non-discrimination, and equity of access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Brennan
- Calvary Hospital, 91 Rocky Point Road, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; Insulin for Life Global, C/O NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, 92-94 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2070, Australia.
| | - Paul Williams
- Insulin for Life Global, C/O NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, 92-94 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2070, Australia; Department of Chemical Pathology, NSW Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Room 3216, Level 3 West, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Johns, Hopkins Drive, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kate Armstrong
- Caring & Living as Neighbours (CLAN), 13 Fourth Avenue, Denistone, NSW 2114, Australia
| | - Emma Klatman
- Life for a Child, Diabetes NSW & ACT, 26 Arundel St., Glebe NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Neil Donelan
- Insulin for Life Global, C/O NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, 92-94 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2070, Australia
| | - Graham D Ogle
- Life for a Child, Diabetes NSW & ACT, 26 Arundel St., Glebe NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Amy Eussen
- Human Rights Lawyer, 118/22 Eyre Street, Kingston, ACT 2604, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Insulin for Life Global, C/O NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, 92-94 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2070, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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50
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Paldus B, Morrison D, Zaharieva DP, Lee MH, Jones H, Obeyesekere V, Lu J, Vogrin S, La Gerche A, McAuley SA, MacIsaac RJ, Jenkins AJ, Ward GM, Colman P, Smart CEM, Seckold R, King BR, Riddell MC, O'Neal DN. A Randomized Crossover Trial Comparing Glucose Control During Moderate-Intensity, High-Intensity, and Resistance Exercise With Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery While Profiling Potential Additional Signals in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:194-203. [PMID: 34789504 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare glucose control with hybrid closed-loop (HCL) when challenged by high intensity exercise (HIE), moderate intensity exercise (MIE), and resistance exercise (RE) while profiling counterregulatory hormones, lactate, ketones, and kinetic data in adults with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study was an open-label multisite randomized crossover trial. Adults with type 1 diabetes undertook 40 min of HIE, MIE, and RE in random order while using HCL (Medtronic MiniMed 670G) with a temporary target set 2 h prior to and during exercise and 15 g carbohydrates if pre-exercise glucose was <126 mg/dL to prevent hypoglycemia. Primary outcome was median (interquartile range) continuous glucose monitoring time-in-range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dL) for 14 h post-exercise commencement. Accelerometer data and venous glucose, ketones, lactate, and counterregulatory hormones were measured for 280 min post-exercise commencement. RESULTS Median TIR was 81% (67, 93%), 91% (80, 94%), and 80% (73, 89%) for 0-14 h post-exercise commencement for HIE, MIE, and RE, respectively (n = 30), with no difference between exercise types (MIE vs. HIE; P = 0.11, MIE vs. RE, P = 0.11; and HIE vs. RE, P = 0.90). Time-below-range was 0% for all exercise bouts. For HIE and RE compared with MIE, there were greater increases, respectively, in noradrenaline (P = 0.01 and P = 0.004), cortisol (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001), lactate (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.001), and heart rate (P = 0.007 and P = 0.015). During HIE compared with MIE, there were greater increases in growth hormone (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Under controlled conditions, HCL provided satisfactory glucose control with no difference between exercise type. Lactate, counterregulatory hormones, and kinetic data differentiate type and intensity of exercise, and their measurement may help inform insulin needs during exercise. However, their potential utility as modulators of insulin dosing will be limited by the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous insulin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Paldus
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dale Morrison
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dessi P Zaharieva
- 3School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa H Lee
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah Jones
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Varuni Obeyesekere
- 2Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean Lu
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - André La Gerche
- 4Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,5Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sybil A McAuley
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,6NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenn M Ward
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Colman
- 7Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmel E M Smart
- 8John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rowen Seckold
- 8John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce R King
- 8John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael C Riddell
- 3School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David N O'Neal
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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