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Connelly A, Thwaites V, Turnbull H, Neil J, Walker K, Short A, Keast T, Sweeney L, Jenkins A. P.29 Predicting post-delivery anaemia: Development of the MABL table. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Deslandes A, Pannucio C, Parasivam S, Balogh M, Short A. How to perform a gynaecological ultrasound in the paediatric or adolescent patient. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2020; 23:10-21. [PMID: 34760577 DOI: 10.1002/ajum.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality in the assessment of the female reproductive system in all age groups. However, the paediatric and adolescent subset of patients present a particular set of challenges. These include technical challenges that come from largely being limited by transabdominal imaging as well as dealing with the often-complex social issues around the sexual health of adolescents. In addition, this group of patients has a unique set of pathologies that are not seen in the adult population and conversely, common gynaecological conditions affecting adults such as endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome are difficult to diagnose in adolescents. Therefore, we propose that paediatric and adolescent gynaecological ultrasound requires a different approach. This paper summarises the differences in technique, common pathologies and touches on some of the relevant social issues that are unique to this population of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Deslandes
- Specialist Imaging Partners Adelaide South Australia Australia.,University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Catrina Pannucio
- Specialist Imaging Partners Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Shreya Parasivam
- Specialist Imaging Partners Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Marianne Balogh
- Specialist Imaging Partners Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Asha Short
- Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Hewawasam E, Brennan L, Giles L, Hull ML, Short A, Norman R, Peña AS. Assessing Whether Meditation Improves Quality of Life for Adolescent Girls With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e14542. [PMID: 32012099 PMCID: PMC7013635 DOI: 10.2196/14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition characterized by irregular periods and hyperandrogenism. Adolescents with PCOS have impaired quality of life (QOL) and increased psychological distress. Transcendental Meditation (TM) is a well-established self-management strategy that has been used to improve stress and well-being. A meta-analysis of TM trials has shown beneficial effects on stress and blood pressure in adults. Recent data are suggesting that another self-management strategy called a mindfulness stress management program has a role in improving QOL in women with PCOS, but there are no studies in adolescents. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of TM on QOL and psychological distress in adolescent girls with PCOS. Methods This study is a randomized controlled trial that will be conducted over eight weeks at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Adelaide, South Australia, to determine the effect of TM on QOL and psychological distress in adolescent girls (aged 12-20 years) with PCOS. A total of 40 girls will be randomized into either the TM (n=20) or control group (n=20). The TM group will be asked to practice TM in a comfortable sitting position with the eyes closed, for 15 minutes twice daily over eight weeks. The control group will be asked to sit quietly for 15 minutes twice daily for eight weeks. The primary outcomes are any effects on improving QOL and psychological distress, and the secondary outcomes are any effects on lowering blood pressure and salivary cortisol levels. Results The recruitment of study participants began in May 2019 and is expected to be completed by June 2020. It is expected that the adolescent girls with PCOS practicing TM over eight weeks will have a significant improvement in QOL and psychological distress compared to adolescents in the control group. Also, it is expected that adolescent girls in the TM group will have lower salivary cortisol levels and lower blood pressure. Conclusions This study will be the first to evaluate the effect of TM on QOL in adolescent girls with PCOS. The study will provide valuable information on a potential self-management strategy to improve QOL and well-being in adolescent girls with PCOS. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN1261900019010; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376657&isReview=true International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/14542
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Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Hewawasam
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leah Brennan
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia.,Centre for Eating, Weight and Body Image, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Australia
| | - Lynne Giles
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mary Louise Hull
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia.,Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Asha Short
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert Norman
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexia S Peña
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
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Jain AV, Ross PF, Carlson MP, Barger T, Barr C, Booth M, Brown W, Buckley C, Coatuey C, Colvin B, Everson R, Holt K, Kinker J, Landgraf W, Lecrone E, Medlin M, Ross S, Rumbler P, Sanchez D, Short A, Shockley M, Tahara J, Warner D, Weiband L. Screening Nitrate in Forages with a Test Strip: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/82.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted for screening nitrate in forages with a commercially available test strip. The method involves extracting a finely ground sample with deionized water. The test strip is dipped in the sample extract. The color of the reaction zone on the test strip changes from white to pink or purple depending on the nitrate concentration in sample extract. The nitrate present in the extract is determined by comparing the color of the test strip to the color scale on the test strip container. Six blind quintuplicates of forage samples were analyzed by 20 collaborators. Nitrate concentrations in forage samples tested ranged from <1000 ppm nitrate to >10 000 ppm nitrate on dry matter basis. Each collaborator was asked to assign each sample to one of the 4 following nitrate concentration ranges: (1) <1000 ppm, (2) 1000 to 5000 ppm, (3)>5000 ppm to 10 000 ppm, and (4) >10 000 ppm. Nineteen of 20 collaborators reported results. Results from 2 laboratories were rejected as outliers by inspection and χ2 test. Sensitivity rates (p+) ranged from 0.965 to 0.998, with standard errors of 0.006 to 0.16. Specificity rates (p−) ranged from 0.991 to 0.997 for the 4 ranges, with standard errors of 0.003 to 0.006. False-positive rates (pf+) ranged from 0.006 to 0.046, with standard errors of 0.006 to 0.025. False-negative rates (pf−) ranged from 0.003 to 0.007, with standard errors of 0.003 to 0.006. Screening nitrate in forages with a test strip has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant V Jain
- The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Athens, GA 30602-7383
| | - P Frank Ross
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Toxicology Section, PO Box 844, Ames, IA 50010
| | - Michael P Carlson
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907
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Leuschner RGK, Bew J, Alfonsina F, Blanco C, Bräunig J, Brookes F, Friedl E, Gooding A, Hahn G, Hudson C, Reid TMS, Short A, Souza M, Stegeman H, Talbot H, Veleta K, Withers Z, Wood M. A Medium for the Presumptive Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in Infant Formula: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/87.3.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A standard method for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae was modified for the presumptive detection of Enterobacter sakazakii, and the modified method was validated in an interlaboratory trial with 16 laboratories from 8 European countries. The modification included a differential-elective medium for the isolation of E. sakazakii, consisting of nutrient agar (NA) supplemented with 4-methyl-umbelliferyl α-D-glucoside (α-MUG). A 25 g sample was added to 225 mL buffered peptone water. After incubation at 35° or 37°C for 16 or 20 h, 10 mL nonselective enrichment was transferred into 90 mL selective enrichment. The selective enrichment was streaked on violet-red bile glucose agar (VRBGA) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. It was streaked in parallel on NA plates supplemented with α-MUG at 50 mg/L and incubated at 25°C for 16 h, and afterwards for an additional 24 h at room temperature in the dark. E. sakazakii appeared as vivid yellow colonies under normal light and showed blue/violet fluorescence under UV light on NA + α-MUG plates. Validation samples represented powdered infant formula without E. sakazakii (blanks) and with low (1–10 colony-forming units [CFU]/25 g) and medium (1–10 CFU/g) contamination levels. All samples contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactobacillus spp. as background flora. The specificity for blank samples was 100%. The sensitivity of the low contamination level was similar for VRBGA and NA + α-MUG, i.e., 66.7% (66.7% accordance, 53.9% concordance). For the medium level the sensitivities were 96.7% (93.3% accordance, 93.5% concordance) for VRBGA and 98.3% (96.9% accordance, 96.9% concordance) for NA + α-MUG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G K Leuschner
- Central Science Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Bew
- Central Science Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
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Song S, Budden A, Short A, Nesbitt-Hawes E, Deans R, Abbott J. Author response to Letter to the Editor. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 59:E3-E4. [PMID: 30784051 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Song
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aaron Budden
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Asha Short
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin Nesbitt-Hawes
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Deans
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason Abbott
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Triolo TM, Fouts A, Pyle L, Yu L, Gottlieb PA, Steck AK, Greenbaum CJ, Atkinson M, Baidal D, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Clements M, Colman P, DiMeglio L, Gitelman S, Goland R, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Knip M, Krischer J, Lernmark A, Moore W, Moran A, Muir A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Raskin P, Redondo M, Rodriguez H, Russell W, Spain L, Schatz D, Sosenko J, Wentworth J, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Anderson M, Antinozzi P, Benoist C, Blum J, Bourcier K, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Insel R, Kaufman F, Kay T, Leschek E, Mahon J, Marks J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Pugliese A, Roep B, Roncarolo M, Savage P, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Skyler J, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Bourcier K, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Insel R, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Rafkin L, Sosenko JM, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Krischer JP, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Dixit S, Pasha M, King K, Adcock H, Atterberry L, Fox K, Englert N, Mauras J, Permuy K, Sikes T, Adams T, Berhe B, Guendling L, McLennan L, Paganessi C, Murphy M, Draznin M, Kamboj S, Sheppard V, Lewis L, Coates W, Amado D, Moore G, Babar J, Bedard D, Brenson-Hughes J, Cernich M, Clements R, Duprau S, Goodman L, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz A, Asif I, Karmazin T, Letjen S, Raman D, Morin W, Bestermann E, Morawski J, White A, Brockmyer R, Bays S, Campbell A, Boonstra M, Stapleton N, Stone A, Donoho H, Everett H, Hensley M, Johnson C, Marshall N, Skirvin P, Taylor R, Williams L, Burroughs C, Ray C, Wolverton D, Nickels C, Dothard P, Speiser M, Pellizzari L, Bokor K, Izuora S, Abdelnour P, Cummings S, Cuthbertson D, Paynor M, Leahy M, Riedl S, Shockley R, Saad T, Briones S, Casella C, Herz K, Walsh J, Greening F, Deemer M, Hay S, Hunt N, Sikotra L, Simons D, Karounos R, Oremus L, Dye L, Myers D, Ballard W, Miers R, Eberhard C, Sparks K, Thraikill K, Edwards J, Fowlkes S, Kemp A, Morales L, Holland L, Johnson P, Paul A, Ghatak K, Fiske S, Phelen H, Leyland T, Henderson D, Brenner E, Oppenheimer I, Mamkin C, Moniz C, Clarson M, Lovell A, Peters V, Ford J, Ruelas D, Borut D, Burt M, Jordan S, Castilla P, Flores M, Ruiz L, Hanson J, Green-Blair R, Sheridan K, Garmeson J, Wintergerst G, Pierce A, Omoruyi M, Foster S, Kingery A, Lunsford I, Cervantes T, Parker P, Price J, Urben I, Guillette H, Doughty H, Haydock V, Parker P, Bergman S, Duncum C, Rodda A, Perelman R, Calendo C, Barrera E, Arce-Nunez Y, Geyer S, Martinez M, De la Portilla I, Cardenas L, Garrido M, Villar R, Lorini E, Calandra G, D’Annuzio K, Perri N, Minuto C, Hays B, Rebora R, Callegari O, Ali J, Kramer B, Auble S, Cabrera P, Donohoue R, Fiallo-Scharer M, Hessner P, Wolfgram A, Henderson C, Kansra N, Bettin R, McCuller A, Miller S, Accacha J, Corrigan E, Fiore R, Levine T, Mahoney C, Polychronakos V, Henry M, Gagne H, Starkman M, Fox D, Chin F, Melchionne L, Silverman I, Marshall L, Cerracchio J, Cruz A, Viswanathan J, Heyman K, Wilson S, Chalew S, Valley S, Layburn A, Lala P, Clesi M, Genet G, Uwaifo A, Charron T, Allerton W, Hsiao B, Cefalu L, Melendez-Ramirez R, Richards C, Alleyn E, Gustafson M, Lizanna J, Wahlen S, Aleiwe M, Hansen H, Wahlen C, Karges C, Levy A, Bonaccorso R, Rapaport Y, Tomer D, Chia M, Goldis L, Iazzetti M, Klein C, Levister L, Waldman E, Keaton N, Wallach M, Regelmann Z, Antal M, Aranda C, Reynholds A, Vinik P, Barlow M, Bourcier M, Nevoret J, Couper S, Kinderman A, Beresford N, Thalagne H, Roper J, Gibbons J, Hill S, Balleaut C, Brennan J, Ellis-Gage L, Fear T, Gray L, Law P, Jones C, McNerney L, Pointer N, Price K, Few D, Tomlinson N, Leech D, Wake C, Owens M, Burns J, Leinbach A, Wotherspoon A, Murray K, Short G, Curry S, Kelsey J, Lawson J, Porter S, Stevens E, Thomson S, Winship L, Liu S, Wynn E, Wiltshire J, Krebs P, Cresswell H, Faherty C, Ross L, Denvir J, Drew T, Randell P, Mansell S, Lloyd J, Bell S, Butler Y, Hooton H, Navarra A, Roper G, Babington L, Crate H, Cripps A, Ledlie C, Moulds R, Malloy J, Norton B, Petrova O, Silkstone C, Smith K, Ghai M, Murray V, Viswanathan M, Henegan O, Kawadry J, Olson L, Maddox K, Patterson T, Ahmad B, Flores D, Domek S, Domek K, Copeland M, George J, Less T, Davis M, Short A, Martin J, Dwarakanathan P, O’Donnell B, Boerner L, Larson M, Phillips M, Rendell K, Larson C, Smith K, Zebrowski L, Kuechenmeister M, Miller J, Thevarayapillai M, Daniels H, Speer N, Forghani R, Quintana C, Reh A, Bhangoo P, Desrosiers L, Ireland T, Misla C, Milliot E, Torres S, Wells J, Villar M, Yu D, Berry D, Cook J, Soder A, Powell M, Ng M, Morrison Z, Moore M, Haslam M, Lawson B, Bradley J, Courtney C, Richardson C, Watson E, Keely D, DeCurtis M, Vaccarcello-Cruz Z, Torres K, Muller S, Sandberg H, Hsiang B, Joy D, McCormick A, Powell H, Jones J, Bell S, Hargadon S, Hudson M, Kummer S, Nguyen T, Sauder E, Sutton K, Gensel R, Aguirre-Castaneda V, Benavides, Lopez D, Hemp S, Allen J, Stear E, Davis T, O’Donnell R, Jones A, Roberts J, Dart N, Paramalingam L, Levitt Katz N, Chaudhary K, Murphy S, Willi B, Schwartzman C, Kapadia D, Roberts A, Larson D, McClellan G, Shaibai L, Kelley G, Villa C, Kelley R, Diamond M, Kabbani T, Dajani F, Hoekstra M, Sadler K, Magorno J, Holst V, Chauhan N, Wilson P, Bononi M, Sperl A, Millward M, Eaton L, Dean J, Olshan H, Stavros T, Renna C, Milliard, Brodksy L, Bacon J, Quintos L, Topor S, Bialo B, Bancroft A, Soto W, Lagarde H, Tamura R, Lockemer T, Vanderploeg M, Ibrahim M, Huie V, Sanchez R, Edelen R, Marchiando J, Palmer T, Repas M, Wasson P, Wood K, Auker J, Culbertson T, Kieffer D, Voorhees T, Borgwardt L, DeRaad K, Eckert E, Isaacson H, Kuhn A, Carroll M, Xu P, Schubert G, Francis S, Hagan T, Le M, Penn E, Wickham C, Leyva K, Rivera J, Padilla I, Rodriguez N, Young K, Jospe J, Czyzyk B, Johnson U, Nadgir N, Marlen G, Prakasam C, Rieger N, Glaser E, Heiser B, Harris C, Alies P, Foster H, Slater K, Wheeler D, Donaldson M, Murray D, Hale R, Tragus D, Word J, Lynch L, Pankratz W, Badias F, Rogers R, Newfield S, Holland M, Hashiguchi M, Gottschalk A, Philis-Tsimikas R, Rosal S, Franklin S, Guardado N, Bohannon M, Baker A, Garcia T, Aguinaldo J, Phan V, Barraza D, Cohen J, Pinsker U, Khan J, Wiley L, Jovanovic P, Misra M, Bassi M, Wright D, Cohen K, Huang M, Skiles S, Maxcy C, Pihoker K, Cochrane J, Fosse S, Kearns M, Klingsheim N, Beam C, Wright L, Viles H, Smith S, Heller M, Cunningham A, Daniels L, Zeiden J, Field R, Walker K, Griffin L, Boulware D, Bartholow C, Erickson J, Howard B, Krabbenhoft C, Sandman A, Vanveldhuizen J, Wurlger A, Zimmerman K, Hanisch L, Davis-Keppen A, Bounmananh L, Cotterill J, Kirby M, Harris A, Schmidt C, Kishiyama C, Flores J, Milton W, Martin C, Whysham A, Yerka T, Bream S, Freels J, Hassing J, Webster R, Green P, Carter J, Galloway D, Hoelzer S, Roberts S, Said P, Sullivan H, Freeman D, Allen E, Reiter E, Feinberg C, Johnson L, Newhook D, Hagerty N, White L, Levandoski J, Kyllo M, Johnson C, Gough J, Benoit P, Iyer F, Diamond H, Hosono S, Jackman L, Barette P, Jones I, Sills S, Bzdick J, Bulger R, Ginem J, Weinstock I, Douek R, Andrews G, Modgill G, Gyorffy L, Robin N, Vaidya S, Crouch K, O’Brien C, Thompson N, Granger M, Thorne J, Blumer J, Kalic L, Klepek J, Paulett B, Rosolowski J, Horner M, Watkins J, Casey K, Carpenter C, Michelle Kieffer MH, Burns J, Horton C, Pritchard D, Soetaert A, Wynne C, Chin O, Molina C, Patel R, Senguttuvan M, Wheeler O, Lane P, Furet C, Steuhm D, Jelley S, Goudeau L, Chalmers D, Greer C, Panagiotopoulos D, Metzger D, Nguyen M, Horowitz M, Linton C, Christiansen E, Glades C, Morimoto M, Macarewich R, Norman K, Patin C, Vargas A, Barbanica A, Yu P, Vaidyanathan W, Nallamshetty L, Osborne R, Mehra S, Kaster S, Neace J, Horner G, Reeves C, Cordrey L, Marrs T, Miller S, Dowshen D, Oduah V, Doyle S, Walker D, Catte H, Dean M, Drury-Brown B, Hackman M, Lee S, Malkani K, Cullen K, Johnson P, Parrimon Y, Hampton M, McCarrell C, Curtis E, Paul, Zambrano Y, Paulus K, Pilger J, Ramiro J, Luvon Ritzie AQ, Sharma A, Shor A, Song X, Terry A, Weinberger J, Wootten M, Lachin JM, Foulkes M, Harding P, Krause-Steinrauf H, McDonough S, McGee PF, Owens Hess K, Phoebus D, Quinlan S, Raiden E, Batts E, Buddy C, Kirpatrick K, Ramey M, Shultz A, Webb C, Romesco M, Fradkin J, Leschek E, Spain L, Savage P, Aas S, Blumberg E, Beck G, Brillon D, Gubitosi-Klug R, Laffel L, Vigersky R, Wallace D, Braun J, Lernmark A, Lo B, Mitchell H, Naji A, Nerup J, Orchard T, Steffes M, Tsiatis A, Veatch R, Zinman B, Loechelt B, Baden L, Green M, Weinberg A, Marcovina S, Palmer JP, Weinberg A, Yu L, Babu S, Winter W, Eisenbarth GS, Bingley P, Clynes R, DiMeglio L, Eisenbarth G, Hays B, Leschek E, Marks J, Matheson D, Rafkin L, Rodriguez H, Spain L, Wilson D, Redondo M, Gomez D, McDonald A, Pena S, Pietropaolo M, Shippy K, Batts E, Brown T, Buckner J, Dove A, Hammond M, Hefty D, Klein J, Kuhns K, Letlau M, Lord S, McCulloch-Olson M, Miller L, Nepom G, Odegard J, Ramey M, Sachter E, St. Marie M, Stickney K, VanBuecken D, Vellek B, Webber C, Allen L, Bollyk J, Hilderman N, Ismail H, Lamola S, Sanda S, Vendettuoli H, Tridgell D, Monzavi R, Bock M, Fisher L, Halvorson M, Jeandron D, Kim M, Wood J, Geffner M, Kaufman F, Parkman R, Salazar C, Goland R, Clynes R, Cook S, Freeby M, Pat Gallagher M, Gandica R, Greenberg E, Kurland A, Pollak S, Wolk A, Chan M, Koplimae L, Levine E, Smith K, Trast J, DiMeglio L, Blum J, Evans-Molina C, Hufferd R, Jagielo B, Kruse C, Patrick V, Rigby M, Spall M, Swinney K, Terrell J, Christner L, Ford L, Lynch S, Menendez M, Merrill P, Pescovitz M, Rodriguez H, Alleyn C, Baidal D, Fay S, Gaglia J, Resnick B, Szubowicz S, Weir G, Benjamin R, Conboy D, deManbey A, Jackson R, Jalahej H, Orban T, Ricker A, Wolfsdorf J, Zhang HH, Wilson D, Aye T, Baker B, Barahona K, Buckingham B, Esrey K, Esrey T, Fathman G, Snyder R, Aneja B, Chatav M, Espinoza O, Frank E, Liu J, Perry J, Pyle R, Rigby A, Riley K, Soto A, Gitelman S, Adi S, Anderson M, Berhel A, Breen K, Fraser K, Gerard-Gonzalez A, Jossan P, Lustig R, Moassesfar S, Mugg A, Ng D, Prahalod P, Rangel-Lugo M, Sanda S, Tarkoff J, Torok C, Wesch R, Aslan I, Buchanan J, Cordier J, Hamilton C, Hawkins L, Ho T, Jain A, Ko K, Lee T, Phelps S, Rosenthal S, Sahakitrungruang T, Stehl L, Taylor L, Wertz M, Wong J, Philipson L, Briars R, Devine N, Littlejohn E, Grant T, Gottlieb P, Klingensmith G, Steck A, Alkanani A, Bautista K, Bedoy R, Blau A, Burke B, Cory L, Dang M, Fitzgerald-Miller L, Fouts A, Gage V, Garg S, Gesauldo P, Gutin R, Hayes C, Hoffman M, Ketchum K, Logsden-Sackett N, Maahs D, Messer L, Meyers L, Michels A, Peacock S, Rewers M, Rodriguez P, Sepulbeda F, Sippl R, Steck A, Taki I, Tran BK, Tran T, Wadwa RP, Zeitler P, Barker J, Barry S, Birks L, Bomsburger L, Bookert T, Briggs L, Burdick P, Cabrera R, Chase P, Cobry E, Conley A, Cook G, Daniels J, DiDomenico D, Eckert J, Ehler A, Eisenbarth G, Fain P, Fiallo-Scharer R, Frank N, Goettle H, Haarhues M, Harris S, Horton L, Hutton J, Jeffrrey J, Jenison R, Jones K, Kastelic W, King MA, Lehr D, Lungaro J, Mason K, Maurer H, Nguyen L, Proto A, Realsen J, Schmitt K, Schwartz M, Skovgaard S, Smith J, Vanderwel B, Voelmle M, Wagner R, Wallace A, Walravens P, Weiner L, Westerhoff B, Westfall E, Widmer K, Wright H, Schatz D, Abraham A, Atkinson M, Cintron M, Clare-Salzler M, Ferguson J, Haller M, Hosford J, Mancini D, Rohrs H, Silverstein J, Thomas J, Winter W, Cole G, Cook R, Coy R, Hicks E, Lewis N, Marks J, Pugliese A, Blaschke C, Matheson D, Pugliese A, Sanders-Branca N, Ray Arce LA, Cisneros M, Sabbag S, Moran A, Gibson C, Fife B, Hering B, Kwong C, Leschyshyn J, Nathan B, Pappenfus B, Street A, Boes MA, Peterson Eck S, Finney L, Albright Fischer T, Martin A, Jacqueline Muzamhindo C, Rhodes M, Smith J, Wagner J, Wood B, Becker D, Delallo K, Diaz A, Elnyczky B, Libman I, Pasek B, Riley K, Trucco M, Copemen B, Gwynn D, Toledo F, Rodriguez H, Bollepalli S, Diamond F, Eyth E, Henson D, Lenz A, Shulman D, Raskin P, Adhikari S, Dickson B, Dunnigan E, Lingvay I, Pruneda L, Ramos-Roman M, Raskin P, Rhee C, Richard J, Siegelman M, Sturges D, Sumpter K, White P, Alford M, Arthur J, Aviles-Santa ML, Cordova E, Davis R, Fernandez S, Fordan S, Hardin T, Jacobs A, Kaloyanova P, Lukacova-Zib I, Mirfakhraee S, Mohan A, Noto H, Smith O, Torres N, Wherrett D, Balmer D, Eisel L, Kovalakovska R, Mehan M, Sultan F, Ahenkorah B, Cevallos J, Razack N, Jo Ricci M, Rhode A, Srikandarajah M, Steger R, Russell WE, Black M, Brendle F, Brown A, Moore D, Pittel E, Robertson A, Shannon A, Thomas JW, Herold K, Feldman L, Sherwin R, Tamborlane W, Weinzimer S, Toppari J, Kallio T, Kärkkäinen M, Mäntymäki E, Niininen T, Nurmi B, Rajala P, Romo M, Suomenrinne S, Näntö-Salonen K, Simell O, Simell T, Bosi E, Battaglia M, Bianconi E, Bonfanti R, Grogan P, Laurenzi A, Martinenghi S, Meschi F, Pastore M, Falqui L, Teresa Muscato M, Viscardi M, Bingley P, Castleden H, Farthing N, Loud S, Matthews C, McGhee J, Morgan A, Pollitt J, Elliot-Jones R, Wheaton C, Knip M, Siljander H, Suomalainen H, Colman P, Healy F, Mesfin S, Redl L, Wentworth J, Willis J, Farley M, Harrison L, Perry C, Williams F, Mayo A, Paxton J, Thompson V, Volin L, Fenton C, Carr L, Lemon E, Swank M, Luidens M, Salgam M, Sharma V, Schade D, King C, Carano R, Heiden J, Means N, Holman L, Thomas I, Madrigal D, Muth T, Martin C, Plunkett C, Ramm C, Auchus R, Lane W, Avots E, Buford M, Hale C, Hoyle J, Lane B, Muir A, Shuler S, Raviele N, Ivie E, Jenkins M, Lindsley K, Hansen I, Fadoju D, Felner E, Bode B, Hosey R, Sax J, Jefferies C, Mannering S, Prentis R, She J, Stachura M, Hopkins D, Williams J, Steed L, Asatapova E, Nunez S, Knight S, Dixon P, Ching J, Donner T, Longnecker S, Abel K, Arcara K, Blackman S, Clark L, Cooke D, Plotnick L, Levin P, Bromberger L, Klein K, Sadurska K, Allen C, Michaud D, Snodgrass H, Burghen G, Chatha S, Clark C, Silverberg J, Wittmer C, Gardner J, LeBoeuf C, Bell P, McGlore O, Tennet H, Alba N, Carroll M, Baert L, Beaton H, Cordell E, Haynes A, Reed C, Lichter K, McCarthy P, McCarthy S, Monchamp T, Roach J, Manies S, Gunville F, Marosok L, Nelson T, Ackerman K, Rudolph J, Stewart M, McCormick K, May S, Falls T, Barrett T, Dale K, Makusha L, McTernana C, Penny-Thomas K, Sullivan K, Narendran P, Robbie J, Smith D, Christensen R, Koehler B, Royal C, Arthur T, Houser H, Renaldi J, Watsen S, Wu P, Lyons L, House B, Yu J, Holt H, Nation M, Vickers C, Watling R, Heptulla R, Trast J, Agarwal C, Newell D, Katikaneni R, Gardner C, Del A, Rio A, Logan H, Collier C, Rishton G, Whalley A, Ali S, Ramtoola T, Quattrin L, Mastrandea A, House M, Ecker C, Huang C, Gougeon J, Ho D, Pacuad D, Dunger J, May C, O’Brien C, Acerini B, Salgin A, Thankamony R, Williams J, Buse G, Fuller M, Duclos J, Tricome H, Brown D, Pittard D, Bowlby A, Blue T, Headley S, Bendre K, Lewis K, Sutphin C, Soloranzo J, Puskaric H, Madison M, Rincon M, Carlucci R, Shridharani B, Rusk E, Tessman D, Huffman H, Abrams B, Biederman M, Jones V, Leathers W, Brickman P, Petrie D, Zimmerman J, Howard L, Miller R, Alemzadeh D, Mihailescu R, Melgozza-Walker N, Abdulla C, Boucher-Berry D, Ize-Ludlow R, Levy C, Swenson, Brousell N, Crimmins D, Edler T, Weis C, Schultz D, Rogers D, Latham C, Mawhorter C, Switzer W, Spencer P, Konstantnopoulus S, Broder J, Klein L, Knight L, Szadek G, Welnick B, Thompson R, Hoffman A, Revell J, Cherko K, Carter E, Gilson J, Haines G, Arthur B, Bowen W, Zipf P, Graves R, Lozano D, Seiple K, Spicer A, Chang J, Fregosi J, Harbinson C, Paulson S, Stalters P, Wright D, Zlock A, Freeth J, Victory H, Maheshwari A, Maheshwari T, Holmstrom J, Bueno R, Arguello J, Ahern L, Noreika V, Watson S, Hourse P, Breyer C, Kissel Y, Nicholson M, Pfeifer S, Almazan J, Bajaj M, Quinn K, Funk J, McCance E, Moreno R, Veintimilla A, Wells J, Cook S, Trunnel J, Henske S, Desai K, Frizelis F, Khan R, Sjoberg K, Allen P, Manning G, Hendry B, Taylor S, Jones W, Strader M, Bencomo T, Bailey L, Bedolla C, Roldan C, Moudiotis B, Vaidya C, Anning S, Bunce S, Estcourt E, Folland E, Gordon C, Harrill J, Ireland J, Piper L, Scaife K, Sutton S, Wilkins M, Costelloe J, Palmer L, Casas C, Miller M, Burgard C, Erickson J, Hallanger-Johnson P, Clark W, Taylor A, Lafferty S, Gillett C, Nolan M, Pathak L, Sondrol T, Hjelle S, Hafner J, Kotrba R, Hendrickson A, Cemeroglu T, Symington M, Daniel Y, Appiagyei-Dankah D, Postellon M, Racine L, Kleis K, Barnes S, Godwin H, McCullough K, Shaheen G, Buck L, Noel M, Warren S, Weber S, Parker I, Gillespie B, Nelson C, Frost J, Amrhein E, Moreland A, Hayes J, Peggram J, Aisenberg M, Riordan J, Zasa E, Cummings K, Scott T, Pinto A, Mokashi K, McAssey E, Helden P, Hammond L, Dinning S, Rahman S, Ray C, Dimicri S, Guppy H, Nielsen C, Vogel C, Ariza L, Morales Y, Chang R, Gabbay L, Ambrocio L, Manley R, Nemery W, Charlton P, Smith L, Kerr B, Steindel-Kopp M, Alamaguer D, Liljenquist G, Browning T, Coughenour M, Sulk E, Tsalikan M, Tansey J, Cabbage N. Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Song S, Budden A, Short A, Nesbitt-Hawes E, Deans R, Abbott J. Reply to: 'Concerns regarding the use of vaginal fractional CO 2 laser'. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 58:E17-E18. [PMID: 30306553 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Song
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron Budden
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Asha Short
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erin Nesbitt-Hawes
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Deans
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason Abbott
- Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Song S, Budden A, Short A, Nesbitt-Hawes E, Deans R, Abbott J. The evidence for laser treatments to the vulvo-vagina: Making sure we do not repeat past mistakes. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 58:148-162. [PMID: 29067688 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Following menopause, up to 49% of women will experience genitourinary symptoms such as vaginal itching, dryness, dyspareunia and incontinence as a result of oestrogen deficiency. Treatments such as vaginal lubricants and moisturisers only temporarily relieve symptoms, while local oestrogen treatments are often unacceptable or unsafe for many women. Recently, a novel laser treatment has been proposed as a non-invasive, long-term solution to vulvo-vaginal and urinary symptoms. While preliminary histological results have been promising, its therapeutic, clinical effect has yet to be determined. However, despite the scarcity of evidence for its safety and long-term benefit, laser treatments are widely marketed for a range of genitourinary symptoms, with high uptake by both clinicians and women alike. This review aims to examine the evidence for laser treatments to the vulvo-vagina and to evaluate its safety and efficacy. Our results include 17 studies investigating the effect of laser therapy for vulvo-vaginal symptoms, seven for its effects on urinary incontinence and four for histology. These are limited to non-randomised, observational data with small sample sizes between 15 to 175 women and follow-up duration from none to two years. As such, strong evidence for laser efficacy and safety is limited and warrants more robust, placebo-controlled, randomised trials before widespread implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Song
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron Budden
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Asha Short
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Nesbitt-Hawes
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Deans
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Abbott
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Heald AH, Babits A, Anderson SG, Scargill JJ, Short A, Livingstone M, Holland D, Frier A. 40VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY: RELATION WITH INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION IN THE OVER 70S. Age Ageing 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Krishnan N, Higgins R, Short A, Zehnder D, Pitcher D, Hudson A, Raymond NT. Kidney Transplantation Significantly Improves Patient and Graft Survival Irrespective of BMI: A Cohort Study. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2378-86. [PMID: 26147285 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are on the increase worldwide. Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for ESRD. However, obesity is considered a contraindication for transplantation. We investigated the effect of BMI on mortality in transplanted and patients remaining on the waiting list in the United Kingdom. We analyzed the UK Renal Registry (RR) and the National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) Organ Donation and Transplantation data for patients listed from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2010, with follow-up until December 31, 2011. Seventeen thousand six hundred eighty-one patients were listed during the study period, with BMI recorded for 13 526 (77%). One- and five-year patient survival was significantly better in all BMI bands (<18.5, 18.5-<25, 25-<30, 30-<35, 35-<40, and 40+kg/m(2) ) in the transplant group when compared to those who remained on the waiting list (p < 0.0001). The analyses were repeated excluding live donor transplants and the results were essentially the same. On analyses of patient survival with BMI as a continuous variable or using 5 kg weight bands, there was no cut-off observed in the higher BMI patients where there would be no benefit to transplantation. For transplanted patients (N = 8088), there was no difference in patient or graft survival between the defined BMI bands. Thus, irrespective of BMI, patient survival is improved if transplanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Krishnan
- Consultant Transplant Nephrologist, Renal Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - R Higgins
- Consultant Transplant Nephrologist, Renal Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - A Short
- Consultant Transplant Nephrologist, Renal Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - D Zehnder
- Consultant Transplant Nephrologist, Renal Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | | | - A Hudson
- Organ Donation, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - N T Raymond
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Wolff ASB, Mitchell AL, Cordell HJ, Short A, Skinningsrud B, Ollier W, Badenhoop K, Meyer G, Falorni A, Kampe O, Undlien D, Pearce SHS, Husebye ES. CTLA-4 as a genetic determinant in autoimmune Addison's disease. Genes Immun 2015. [PMID: 26204230 PMCID: PMC4561510 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In common with several other autoimmune diseases, autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is thought to be caused by a combination of deleterious susceptibility polymorphisms in several genes, together with undefined environmental factors and stochastic events. To date, the strongest genomic association with AAD has been with alleles at the HLA locus, DR3-DQ2 and DR4. The contribution of other genetic variants has been inconsistent. We have studied the association of 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CD28-CTLA-4-ICOS genomic locus, in a cohort comprising 691 AAD patients of Norwegian and UK origin with matched controls. We have also performed a meta-analysis including 1002 patients from European countries. The G-allele of SNP rs231775 in CTLA-4 is associated with AAD in Norwegian patients (odds ratio (OR)=1.35 (confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.66), P=0.004), but not in UK patients. The same allele is associated with AAD in the total European population (OR=1.37 (CI 1.13-1.66), P=0.002). A three-marker haplotype, comprising PROMOTER_1661, rs231726 and rs1896286 was found to be associated with AAD in the Norwegian cohort only (OR 2.43 (CI 1.68-3.51), P=0.00013). This study points to the CTLA-4 gene as a susceptibility locus for the development of AAD, and refines its mapping within the wider genomic locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S B Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A L Mitchell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - H J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Short
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
| | - B Skinningsrud
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - W Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
| | - K Badenhoop
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-University's Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Meyer
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine 1, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-University's Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Falorni
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - O Kampe
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Undlien
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S H S Pearce
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - E S Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Short A, Bolt L, Newman A, Grivell RM, Dodd JM. Knowledge of risks during and preparation for pregnancy: A survey of overweight and obese women. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Rocha LA, Aleixo A, Allen G, Almeda F, Baldwin CC, Barclay MVL, Bates JM, Bauer AM, Benzoni F, Berns CM, Berumen ML, Blackburn DC, Blum S, Bolaños F, Bowie RCK, Britz R, Brown RM, Cadena CD, Carpenter K, Ceríaco LM, Chakrabarty P, Chaves G, Choat JH, Clements KD, Collette BB, Collins A, Coyne J, Cracraft J, Daniel T, de Carvalho MR, de Queiroz K, Di Dario F, Drewes R, Dumbacher JP, Engilis A, Erdmann MV, Eschmeyer W, Feldman CR, Fisher BL, Fjeldså J, Fritsch PW, Fuchs J, Getahun A, Gill A, Gomon M, Gosliner T, Graves GR, Griswold CE, Guralnick R, Hartel K, Helgen KM, Ho H, Iskandar DT, Iwamoto T, Jaafar Z, James HF, Johnson D, Kavanaugh D, Knowlton N, Lacey E, Larson HK, Last P, Leis JM, Lessios H, Liebherr J, Lowman M, Mahler DL, Mamonekene V, Matsuura K, Mayer GC, Mays H, McCosker J, McDiarmid RW, McGuire J, Miller MJ, Mooi R, Mooi RD, Moritz C, Myers P, Nachman MW, Nussbaum RA, Foighil DÓ, Parenti LR, Parham JF, Paul E, Paulay G, Pérez-Emán J, Pérez-Matus A, Poe S, Pogonoski J, Rabosky DL, Randall JE, Reimer JD, Robertson DR, Rödel MO, Rodrigues MT, Roopnarine P, Rüber L, Ryan MJ, Sheldon F, Shinohara G, Short A, Simison WB, Smith-Vaniz WF, Springer VG, Stiassny M, Tello JG, Thompson CW, Trnski T, Tucker P, Valqui T, Vecchione M, Verheyen E, Wainwright PC, Wheeler TA, White WT, Will K, Williams JT, Williams G, Wilson EO, Winker K, Winterbottom R, Witt CC. Specimen collection: an essential tool. Science 2014; 344:814-5. [PMID: 24855245 DOI: 10.1126/science.344.6186.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Rocha
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
| | - A Aleixo
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - G Allen
- Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA, 6986, Australia
| | - F Almeda
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - C C Baldwin
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | | | - J M Bates
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - A M Bauer
- Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - F Benzoni
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | | | - M L Berumen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - D C Blackburn
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - S Blum
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - F Bolaños
- Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - R C K Bowie
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3161, USA
| | - R Britz
- Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - R M Brown
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - C D Cadena
- Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 4976, Colombia
| | - K Carpenter
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - L M Ceríaco
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Lisbon, 7005-638, Portugal
| | - P Chakrabarty
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - G Chaves
- Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - J H Choat
- James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - K D Clements
- University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - B B Collette
- NOAA Systematics Laboratory, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - A Collins
- NOAA Systematics Laboratory, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - J Coyne
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - J Cracraft
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - T Daniel
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | | | - K de Queiroz
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - F Di Dario
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, 27965-045, Brazil
| | - R Drewes
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - J P Dumbacher
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - A Engilis
- University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M V Erdmann
- Conservation International, Denpasar, Bali, 80235, Indonesia
| | - W Eschmeyer
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - C R Feldman
- University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0314, USA
| | - B L Fisher
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - J Fjeldså
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - P W Fritsch
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - J Fuchs
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75005, France
| | - A Getahun
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, 1176, Ethiopia
| | - A Gill
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - M Gomon
- Museum Victoria, Melbourne, 3001, VIC, Australia
| | - T Gosliner
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - G R Graves
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - C E Griswold
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - R Guralnick
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
| | - K Hartel
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - K M Helgen
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - H Ho
- University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - D T Iskandar
- Conservation International, Denpasar, Bali, 80235, Indonesia
| | - T Iwamoto
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Z Jaafar
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - H F James
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - D Johnson
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - D Kavanaugh
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - N Knowlton
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - E Lacey
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3161, USA
| | - H K Larson
- Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, 0820, NT, Australia
| | - P Last
- CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - J M Leis
- Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - H Lessios
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 0843-03092, Panamá
| | - J Liebherr
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M Lowman
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - D L Mahler
- University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - V Mamonekene
- Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, B.P. 69, Republic of Congo
| | - K Matsuura
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan
| | - G C Mayer
- University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141-2000, USA
| | - H Mays
- Cincinnati Museum Center, Cincinnati, OH 45203, USA
| | - J McCosker
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | | | - J McGuire
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3161, USA
| | - M J Miller
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 0843-03092, Panamá
| | - R Mooi
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - R D Mooi
- The Manitoba Museum, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 0N2, Canada
| | - C Moritz
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - P Myers
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA
| | - M W Nachman
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3161, USA
| | - R A Nussbaum
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA
| | - D Ó Foighil
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA
| | - L R Parenti
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - J F Parham
- California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - E Paul
- The Ornithological Council, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - G Paulay
- University of Florida, Gainesville, fl32611, USA
| | - J Pérez-Emán
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 1041, Venezuela
| | - A Pérez-Matus
- Pontif cia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile
| | - S Poe
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - J Pogonoski
- CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - D L Rabosky
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA
| | - J E Randall
- Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - J D Reimer
- University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, 903-0213, Japan
| | - D R Robertson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 0843-03092, Panamá
| | - M-O Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - M T Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - P Roopnarine
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - L Rüber
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bern, CH-3005, Switzerland
| | - M J Ryan
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - F Sheldon
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - G Shinohara
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan
| | - A Short
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - W B Simison
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | | | - V G Springer
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - M Stiassny
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - J G Tello
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA. Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201-8423, USA
| | - C W Thompson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA
| | - T Trnski
- Auckland Museum, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - P Tucker
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA
| | - T Valqui
- Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad, Lima, 33, Peru
| | - M Vecchione
- NOAA Systematics Laboratory, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - E Verheyen
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, 1000, Belgium
| | | | - T A Wheeler
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - W T White
- CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - K Will
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3161, USA
| | - J T Williams
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - G Williams
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - E O Wilson
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - K Winker
- University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | | | - C C Witt
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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Baird AEG, Carter SD, Innes JF, Ollier W, Short A. Genome-wide association study identifies genomic regions of association for cruciate ligament rupture in Newfoundland dogs. Anim Genet 2014; 45:542-9. [PMID: 24835129 DOI: 10.1111/age.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is the most common cause of pelvic limb lameness in dogs. To investigate the genetic basis of canine CCLR, we conducted a genome-wide association study using a canine SNP array in Newfoundland pedigree dogs with and without CCLR (n = 96). We identified three main chromosomal regions of CCLR association (on chromosomes 1, 3 and 33). Each of these regions was confirmed by Sequenom genotyping in a further cohort of Newfoundlands (n = 271). The results, particularly SNPs identified in the SORCS2 and SEMA5B genes, suggest that there may be neurological pathways involved in susceptibility to canine CCLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E G Baird
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK; CIGMR (Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research), Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences Manchester University, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Ortiga J, Kanapathipillai S, Daly B, Hilbers J, Varndell W, Short A. The Sound of Urgency: Understanding Noise in the Emergency Department. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1943862112471999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Short A, Brett M, Donaldson L. Therapeutic hypothermia in an out-of-hospital arrest population: are we selecting appropriately? Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363698 DOI: 10.1186/cc10887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kithcart AP, Sielecki T, Short A, Mavrikis G, Williams J, Smith K, Shawler T, Gienapp I, Satoskar A, Whitacre CC. A critical mediator of leukocyte extravasation during inflammatory disease (50.8). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.50.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating neurological disease affecting more than 400,000 Americans. MS pathology involves activation of autoreactive lymphocytes and their migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the central nervous system (CNS). MS patients have a higher level of the ubiquitously expressed, proinflammatory cytokine MIF. Mice lacking MIF have fewer leukocytes in the CNS following induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. We found using bone marrow chimeras that mice expressing MIF from myeloid cells had significantly more severe disease than MIF KO mice or mice expressing MIF only in non-myeloid cells (CDI±SD; 28.0±17.9 vs. 10.3±17.9 or 4.7±10.4). Using immunohistochemistry, we found more infiltrates in the CNS of mice expressing MIF from myeloid cells. We utilized a small molecule inhibitor of MIF to evaluate whether disruption of MIF activity could inhibit migration of leukocytes. Mice had reduced severity of EAE following inhibitor administration and reduced migration of leukocytes into the CNS. Other groups have shown that blocking MIF reduces expression of adhesion molecules on the BBB. Our data suggests that during inflammatory disease, MIF from myeloid cells is critical for leukocyte migration and an inhibitor of MIF reduces migration and subsequent clinical disease. (Supported by NIH grant AI 064320 and NMSS grant RG3272)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Short
- 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - G Mavrikis
- 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - J Williams
- 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - K Smith
- 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - T Shawler
- 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - I Gienapp
- 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - A Satoskar
- 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Robb AO, Mills NL, Smith IBJ, Short A, Tura-Ceide O, Barclay GR, Blomberg A, Critchley HOD, Newby DE, Denison FC. Influence of menstrual cycle on circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Hum Reprod 2008; 24:619-25. [PMID: 19088108 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are circulating mononuclear cells that participate in angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the menstrual cycle on the number and function of EPCs, and to investigate their relationship with circulating concentrations of sex steroids and inflammatory mediators. METHODS Ten healthy nulliparous, premenopausal, non-smoking women with regular menses were studied over a single menstrual cycle. Venepuncture was performed in the menstrual, follicular, peri-ovulatory and luteal phases. EPCs were quantified by flow cytometry (CD133(+)CD34(+)KDR(+) phenotype) and the colony-forming unit (CFU-EPC) functional assay. Circulating concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and inflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha, IL-6, sICAM-1 and VEGF) were measured by immunoassays. RESULTS The numbers of CD133(+)CD34(+)KDR(+) cells were higher in the follicular phase (0.99 +/- 0.3 x 10(6) cells/l) compared with the peri-ovulatory phase (0.29 +/- 0.1 x 10(6) cells/l; P < 0.05). In contrast, the numbers of CFU-EPCs did not vary over the menstrual cycle. There were no correlations between EPCs and concentrations of either circulating sex steroids or inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSIONS CD133(+)CD34(+)KDR(+) cells but not CFU-EPCs vary during the menstrual cycle. Our findings suggest a potential role for circulating EPCs in the normal cycle of physiological angiogenesis and repair of the uterine endometrium that is independent of circulating sex steroids or inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Robb
- Centre for Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Higgins R, Hamer R, Briggs D, Krishnan N, Fletcher S, Short A, Lowe D, McSorley K, Zehnder D. DOUBLE FILTRATION PLASMAPHERESIS FACILITATES HLA ANTIBODY INCOMPATIBLE RENAL TRANSPLANTATION, BUT IS LESS EFFECTIVE DURING ANTIBODY RESYNTHESIS POST-TRANSPLANTATION. Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000332340.71206.d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Isbister GK, Brown SGA, Miller M, Tankel A, Macdonald E, Stokes B, Ellis R, Nagree Y, Wilkes GJ, James R, Short A, Holdgate A. A randomised controlled trial of intramuscular vs. intravenous antivenom for latrodectism--the RAVE study. QJM 2008; 101:557-65. [PMID: 18400776 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcn048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widow spider-bite causes latrodectism and is associated with significant morbidity worldwide. Antivenom is given by both the intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) routes and it is unclear which is more effective. AIM To compare the effectiveness of IV vs. IM redback spider antivenom. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. METHODS Patients with latrodectism were given either IV or IM antivenom according to a randomized double-dummy, double-blind protocol. The first antivenom treatment was followed by another identical treatment after two hours if required. The primary outcome was a clinically significant reduction in pain two hours after the last treatment. A fully Bayesian analysis was used to estimate the probability of the desired treatment effect, predetermined as an absolute difference of 20%. RESULTS We randomly allocated 126 patients to receive antivenom IV (64) and IM (62). After antivenom treatment pain improved in 40/64(62%) in the IV group vs. 33/62(53%) in the IM group (+9%; 95% Credible Interval [CrI]: -8% to +26%). The probability of a difference greater than zero (IV superior) was 85% but the probability of a difference >20% was only 10%. In 55 patients with systemic effects, these improved in 58% after IV antivenom vs. 65% after IM antivenom (-8%; 95% CrI: -32% to +17%). Twenty-four hours after antivenom pain had improved in 84% in the IV group vs. 71% in the IM group (+13%; 95% CrI: -2% to +27%). A meta-analysis including data from a previous trial found no difference in the primary outcome between IV and IM administration. DISCUSSION The difference between IV and IM routes of administration of widow spider antivenom is, at best, small and does not justify routinely choosing one route over the other. Furthermore, antivenom may provide no benefit over placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Isbister
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
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Kennedy LJ, Barnes A, Short A, Brown JJ, Lester S, Seddon J, Fleeman L, Francino O, Brkljacic M, Knyazev S, Happ GM, Ollier WER. Canine DLA diversity: 1. New alleles and haplotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69 Suppl 1:272-88. [PMID: 17445218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this component was to establish the range of DLA diversity in as many dog breeds as possible. In particular, we wanted to collect breeds that had not previously been studied. Data were submitted of 937 dogs of over 80 different breeds, and these included 17 'new' breeds. Twenty-eight new alleles were identified including 21 DLA-DRB1, 2 DLA-DQA1 and 5 DLA-DQB1 alleles. These occurred in many new haplotype combinations. One haplotype was identified that appeared to lack DQB1. Two other haplotypes carry two DQB1 genes. It was clear that each dog breed has a restricted range of DLA alleles and haplotypes, and no breed had all 88 haplotypes identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kennedy
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Abstract
The canine Major Histocompatibility Complex is referred to as DLA (for dog leukocyte antigen). There are no published studies on DLA segregation in the dog, so this part of the DLA workshop aimed to collect DNA from multigeneration families of different breeds of dogs. Twenty-two families of dogs were submitted to the workshop, comprising 313 individuals, of which 247 had one or both parents available.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kennedy
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Kennedy LJ, Barnes A, Short A, Brown JJ, Seddon J, Fleeman L, Brkljacic M, Happ GM, Catchpole B, Ollier WER. Canine DLA diversity: 3. Disease studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69 Suppl 1:292-6. [PMID: 17445220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are many millions of dogs worldwide, and these dogs have many different functions. The most obvious use is providing companionship, but there are also many working dogs, including guide dogs for the blind, hearing dogs, guard dogs and farm dogs, to mention a few. The health and welfare of these dogs is of great concern to dog owners, dog breeders and to those who use dogs in their work. Dogs spontaneously develop many diseases that are very similar to their human counterparts. Dogs may, therefore, provide exceptional animal models for such diseases. Identifying genetic markers in the dog may be easier than in humans, and may then provide useful information about genes that can be transferred to humans. This study looked for associations between DLA and two autoimmune diseases of the dog, diabetes and hypothyroidism. DLA associations were found for both of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kennedy
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Gill HS, Waite JC, Short A, Kellett CF, Price AJ, Murray DW. In vivo measurement of volumetric wear of a total knee replacement. Knee 2006; 13:312-7. [PMID: 16784859 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A new Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis (RSA) system is reported; it can measure penetration of the metallic femoral component of a Total Knee Replacement (TKR) prosthesis into the polyethylene bearing on the tibial component. This system was used to analyse a study group of six Anatomic Graduated Components (AGC) knee prostheses more than 6 years post-implantation, and to compare with a control group of six newly implanted AGC prostheses. The volumetric loss of polyethylene was estimated by imaging each prosthesis at a series of different knee flexion angles. The mean difference between the RSA measured polyethylene bearing thickness and the manufacturer's quoted values for the control group was -0.03 mm (SD 0.17). The estimated linear penetration at 6.4 years in this prosthesis was determined to be 0.1 mm/year. Volumetric wear was estimated to be 600-700 mm(3)/year at 6.4 years, equating to approximately 100 mm(3)/year. This does not appear to be clinically significant amount of wear as this prosthesis has excellent survival at 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Gill
- OOEC/Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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Price AJ, Short A, Kellett C, Beard D, Gill H, Pandit H, Dodd CAF, Murray DW. Ten-year in vivo wear measurement of a fully congruent mobile bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 87:1493-7. [PMID: 16260665 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.87b11.16325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene particulate wear debris continues to be implicated in the aetiology of aseptic loosening following knee arthroplasty. The Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty employs a spherical femoral component and a fully congruous meniscal bearing to increase contact area and theoretically reduce the potential for polyethylene wear. This study measures the in vivo ten-year linear wear of the device, using a roentgenstereophotogrammetric technique. In this in vivo study, seven medial Oxford unicompartmental prostheses, which had been implanted ten years previously were studied. Stereo pairs of radiographs were acquired for each patient and the films were analysed using a roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis calibration and a computer-aided design model silhouette-fitting technique. Penetration of the femoral component into the original volume of the bearing was our estimate of linear wear. In addition, eight control patients were examined less than three weeks post-insertion of an Oxford prosthesis, where no wear would be expected. The control group showed no measured wear and suggested a system accuracy of 0.1 mm. At ten years, the mean linear wear rate was 0.02 mm/year. The results from this in vivo study confirm that the device has low ten-year linear wear in clinical practice. This may offer the device a survival advantage in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Price
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
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Abstract
Wear remains an important cause of failure in knee replacement. Of the current methods of early performance assessment or prediction, simulators have been un-physiological, single X-ray film analyses remain limited by accuracy and retrieval and survival methods have a prohibitive time scale. An accurate method is needed to allow a timely assessment of polyethylene component wear in vivo, when a new design is introduced, in order to predict likely outcome. We present a new method for measuring wear in vivo that we believe will allow this prediction of long-term wear. X-ray film pairs were taken of implanted prosthetic metal components. When the X-ray system was calibrated, projections of the appropriate Computer Aided Design (CAD) model could be matched to the shapes on the scanned X-ray films to find component positions. Interpenetration of the metal femoral component into the polyethylene component could then be established and represents our estimate of "wear". This method was used to measure in vivo prosthesis wear to an accuracy of 0.11 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Short
- OOEC/Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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Abstract
Polyethylene wear is one of the most important causes of failure of total knee replacements (TKRs). Currently, wear can only be accurately measured by retrieval studies. There is a need for a method to measure wear accurately in vivo. We have developed a Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) system that can measure penetration of the metallic femoral component into the polyethylene of the tibia. We have used this system to study six AGC TKRs at 6 years postoperatively and six control AGC TKRs at 2 weeks postoperatively. The mean difference between the RSA measured bearing thickness and the manufacturer's quoted values for the control group was -0.03 mm (S.D. 0.17). The average linear penetration in the study group was 0.8 mm (S.D. 0.46). This was significantly (P<0.0001) different from the control group. The average linear penetration rate was 0.13 mm per year (S.D. 0.08). We would expect the penetration to deepen with time. In young active patients, this could be a cause for concern, particularly with a thin bearing. The current system is accurate enough to measure wear at 5 years post TKR. It has the potential for predicting long-term wear problems with new designs of TKR and new materials within 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Kellett
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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Lubis N, Baylis D, Short A, Stebbing J, Teague A, Portsmouth S, Bower M, Nelson M, Gazzard B. Prospective cohort study showing changes in the monthly incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Postgrad Med J 2003; 79:164-6. [PMID: 12697918 PMCID: PMC1742624 DOI: 10.1136/pmj.79.929.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) remains a serious opportunistic infection in HIV infected individuals. Seasonal changes in climate are associated with changes within individual susceptibility to infection. The possibility of monthly variability in the incidence of PCP was therefore examined by means of a cohort study of a database of 8640 HIV infected individuals attending the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital. There were 792 cases of PCP diagnosed since 1985. A marked decline was observed in the incidence of PCP in mid-1992 coincident with the introduction of PCP prophylaxis. There was a further decline in 1996 after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Despite no significant monthly variation in the mean attendance to clinic and CD4 count, both new and all cases of PCP were higher in January than in other months (15.9% and 14.5% of all cases, respectively). A correlation with low rainfall in January and new cases of PCP was observed. These data are consistent with an influence of climatic conditions on the presentation of PCP. The diagnosis of PCP is more common in winter months suggesting that this is a transmissible infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lubis
- Imperial College School of Medicine, London
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Duncan JM, Short A, Lewis JSG, Barrett PT. Re-admissions to the State Hospital at Carstairs, 1992-1997. Health Bull (Edinb) 2002; 60:70-82. [PMID: 12664772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence and characteristics of re-admissions to the State Hospital over the six year inclusive period of January 1992 to December 1997. RESONS FOR THE STUDY: RISK ASSESSMENT: A re-admission to a high-security setting may be the result of a failed risk assessment at the time of discharge. An analysis of re-admissions might reveal facts that will improve risk prediction. In this context every re-admission to maximum security should qualify for critical incident appraisal. A re-admission could also indicate prudent risk management where the patient is readmitted prior to the occurrence of any new incident. Our analysis may give an indication how risk prediction and risk management is functioning in the Forensic Psychiatry setting. HEALTH ECONOMICS Patient numbers at the State Hospital have exceeded planning predictions. In the early 1990s the prediction was that numbers would level off at around 200 patients. Instead admission rates continued to rise and the State Hospital in-patient population has on occasion reached its maximum. This trend has continued throughout the decade with the daily patient numbers averaging 236, 248, 252 and 249 in the last four years (1997-2000). In this context the role played by re-admissions is an important health economics issue. DESIGN Data gathered from the medical records department and examination of medical case files, entered into a database, and subsequently analysed using a variety of tools. Descriptive statistics for the total State Hospital patient population between 1992-1994 were taken from a published survey. Other comparative analyses were undertaken using data from previously published studies. SETTING The data originate from the State Hospital, Carstairs, Lanarkshire, which is the only psychiatric hospital in Scotland to offer maximum-security care. Patients are admitted from ordinary psychiatric hospitals as well as from a penal setting. The maximum number of staffed beds is currently 257. These comprise an admission unit, two rehabilitation units including one with flatlet accommodation, a specialist learning difficulties unit, an all female unit and six male wards. The Hospital is staffed by psychiatrists, GPs, psychologists, social workers, psychiatric nurses including nurse specialists, occupational therapists, and other specialist staff employed in the education, occupations and recreation departments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Annual re-admission rate, averaged over 1992-1997 is 22.3% of all patient discharges in the hospital. This is broadly in line with other studies quoted in the literature. The re-admission rate co-varied with first admission rate at an almost constant ratio of 0.38 over the six-year period of study. There is no apparent systematic reason for this phenomenon. The most apparent risk factor was a previous admission to the State Hospital of less than a years duration. Compared with the current average length of stay of five years, this must be considered a short admission. Patients with an above average length of stay were rarely readmitted. Most re-admissions returned during the first year after discharge and nearly all had returned within a three-year period. State patients on a Restriction Order who will be subject to conditional discharge with ongoing supervision fared best and were least likely to be re-admitted. However such patients are also likely to have an above average length of stay. Convicted prisoners and remanded offenders were most likely to be readmitted. There was almost no crossover between the civil and criminal populations when their status was reviewed on re-admission. This raises the question, whether these two patient groups should be perceived and managed differently. The recent move to build medium secure units in Scotland, such as the Orchard Clinic in Edinburgh, now makes this a practical option. This finding also suggests that, in Scotland, bed closures in Mental Hospitals are not leading to a decant of mentally disordered patients into the penal system, at least at the level of more serious offending. Violence was overall the most common reason for return to the State Hospital. Violence was the predominant reason for re-admission from a local hospital whereas relapse of symptoms, where such symptoms were associated with dangerous behaviour in the past, was rarely given as a reason. In contrast, relapse was the predominant reason for return from prison. This may be related to inadequate prison hospital facilities rather than good risk prediction.
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Vogen SM, Paczkowski NJ, Kirnarsky L, Short A, Whitmore JB, Sherman SA, Taylor SM, Sanderson SD. Differential activities of decapeptide agonists of human C5a: the conformational effects of backbone N-methylation. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:2151-62. [PMID: 11710544 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of the potent, conformationally biased, decapeptide agonist of human C5a anaphylatoxin, C5a(65-74)Y65,F67,P69,P71,D-Ala73 (YSFKPMPLaR, peptide 54), were synthesized with methyl groups occupying specific amide nitrogen atoms along the peptide backbone. This N-methylation induced crucial extended backbone conformations in a manner similar to the two Pro residues, but without eliminating the contributions made by the side-chain of the residue for which Pro was substituted. The presence of backbone N-methyl groups on peptide 54 analogues had pronounced detrimental effects on the ability to bind and activate C5aRs expressed on human PMNs, but not on the ability to contract smooth muscle of human umbilical artery. Several N-methylated analogues of peptide 54 (peptides 56, 67, 124, 125, and 137) were significantly more selective for smooth muscle contraction, which is mediated by tissue resident macrophages, than for enzyme release from PMNs. Indeed, peptide 67, YSFKDMP(MeL)aR was almost 3000-fold more selective for smooth muscle contraction than for PMN enzyme release. Consistent with these differential activities was the observation that peptide 67 expressed a significantly greater binding affinity to C5aRs expressed on rat macrophages than on rat PMNs. This differential activity was also observed in vivo in the rat where peptide 67 induced a hypotensive response similar to peptide 54 and rhuC5a, but without accompanying neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Vogen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-6805, USA
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MacDowell NM, Nitz-Weiss M, Short A. The role of physician communication in improving compliance with mammography screening among women ages 50-79 in a commercial HMO. Manag Care Q 2001; 8:11-9. [PMID: 11146840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite its efficacy, mammography is substantially underutilized by older women, even those who have access to regular health care. The factors influencing mammogram compliance status are distinctively examined in this study using a commercial health maintenance organization (HMO) population of women ages 50-79 in which there are no known barriers (financial, access, or knowledge) to mammogram compliance. Two variables were significant predictors of compliance status based on logistic regression analyses: belief that a woman should get a mammogram one or more times per year, and willingness to get a mammogram if the physician recommends it. Issues surrounding consistent physician referral are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M MacDowell
- Graduate Program in Health Services Administration, Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Warit S, Zhang N, Short A, Walmsley RM, Oliver SG, Stateva LI. Glycosylation deficiency phenotypes resulting from depletion of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase in two yeast species. Mol Microbiol 2000; 36:1156-66. [PMID: 10844699 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The genes encoding GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SRB1/PSA1) and Candida albicans (CaSRB1) were expressed under the control of the tightly regulated promoters of MET3 and CaMET3 respectively. Northern analysis showed that the addition of methionine effectively blocks the transcription of pMET3-SRB1/PSA1 and pCaMET3CaSRB1 expression cassettes, which had been integrated into the genomes of appropriate mutants. Methionine-mediated repression of CaSRB1 caused loss of viability in C. albicans, demonstrating that, as in S. cerevisiae, the gene is essential for growth. Depletion of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase had a highly pleiotropic effect in the two yeasts. The major phenotypes observed were lysis, failure of cell separation and/or cytokinesis, impaired bud growth and bud's site selection, clumping and flocculation, as well as increased sensitivity to a wide range of antifungal drugs and cell wall inhibitors, and impaired hyphal switching ability. These phenotypes resulted from defects in glycosylation, as demonstrated by reduced affinity for Alcian blue and sensitivity to hygromycin B. Our results provide new information about the roles of protein glycosylation in yeast and, in particular, the steps that require GDP-mannose in the fungal pathogen C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Warit
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
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Cade A, Brownlee KG, Conway SP, Haigh D, Short A, Brown J, Dassu D, Mason SA, Phillips A, Eglin R, Graham M, Chetcuti A, Chatrath M, Hudson N, Thomas A, Chetcuti PA. Randomised placebo controlled trial of nebulised corticosteroids in acute respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child 2000; 82:126-30. [PMID: 10648365 PMCID: PMC1718208 DOI: 10.1136/adc.82.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate short and long term effects of giving nebulised budesonide early in respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) bronchiolitis. DESIGN A multicentre randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. SUBJECTS Infants admitted to hospital with their first episode of RSV positive bronchiolitis. INTERVENTION Randomisation to receive either 1 mg of nebulised budesonide (Bud) or placebo (Pla) twice daily from admission until 2 weeks after discharge. Follow up was for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Duration of hospital admission, time taken to become symptom free, re-admission rates, general practitioner consultation rates, and use of anti-wheeze medication during follow up. RESULTS 161 infants were studied. Both arms were similar with respect to initial clinical severity, age, sex, socioeconomic class, and tobacco exposure. Median time from first nebulisation to discharge: Bud and Pla, 2 days. Median number of days for 50% of infants to be symptom free for 48 hours: Bud, 10 days; Pla, 12 days. Respiratory re-admission rates in the 12 month follow up: Bud, 16%; Pla, 18%; median difference (95% confidence interval (CI)), -2 (-14 to 10). Median respiratory related general practitioner attendances: Bud, 4.0; Pla, 4.5; median difference (95% CI), -1 (-2 to 0). Percentage of infants receiving at least one prescription for anti-wheeze medication during follow up, corticosteroids: Bud, 50%; Pla, 60%; difference (95% CI), -10 (-26 to 6); bronchodilators: Bud, 60%; Pla, 67%; difference (95% CI), -7 (-22 to 8). CONCLUSIONS There are no short or long term clinical benefits from the administration of nebulised corticosteroids in the acute phase of RSV bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cade
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Clarendon Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, Belmont Grove, Leeds LS2 9NS, UK
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Martin MacDowell N, Short A, Petrochuk M. Career characteristics among graduates of a Midwestern M.H.S.A. program: variation by gender and length of time since graduation. J Health Adm Educ 1999; 17:129-38. [PMID: 10539608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether differences occur in the careers of men and women graduating from a Midwestern Master's degree program in hospital/health services administration (M.H.S.A.) during the calendar years of 1986-1997. These alumni were divided into two cohorts: 1986-90 and 1991-97, so that temporal differences could be examined. Men and women M.H.S.A. graduates of the 1986-90 cohort are currently working in similar settings. The most common setting is in acute care organizations. Men and women M.H.S.A. graduates in the 1991-97 cohort tend to be working more outside of acute care organizations than the 1986-90 graduates. The 1986-90 group of women graduates are currently in significantly different positions than their male counterparts. Compared to their male colleagues, these women are more likely to be in middle management positions, or out of the work force. A higher percentage of men from the 1986-90 cohort hold senior management positions (such as CEO or vice-president). The 1991-97 cohort of women graduates do not currently hold significantly different types of positions than their male colleagues, though about twice as many women were not working.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martin MacDowell
- Graduate Program in Health Services Administration, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH 45207-7331, USA
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Short A, Wong AK, Finch AM, Haaima G, Shiels IA, Fairlie DP, Taylor SM. Effects of a new C5a receptor antagonist on C5a- and endotoxin-induced neutropenia in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126:551-4. [PMID: 10188960 PMCID: PMC1565845 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A new C5a receptor antagonist, the cyclic peptide Phe-[Orn-Pro-D-cyclohexylalanine-Trp-Arg], (F-[OPdChaWR]), was tested for its ability to antagonize the neutropenic effects of both C5a and endotoxin in rats. Human recombinant C5a (2 microg kg(-1) i.v.) caused rapid neutropenia, characterized by an 83% decrease in circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) at 5 min. Administration of F-[OPdChaWR] (0.3-3 mg kg(-1) i.v.), did not affect the levels of circulating PMNs but, when given 10 min prior to C5a, it inhibited the C5a-induced neutropenia by up to 70%. Administration of E. Coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg kg(-1) i.v.) also caused neutropenia with an 88% decrease in circulating PMNs after 30 min. When rats were pretreated with F-[OPdChaWR] (0.3 - 10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) 10 min prior to LPS, there was a dose-dependent antagonism of the neutropenia caused by LPS, with up to 69% reversal of neutropenia observed 30 min after LPS administration. These findings suggest that C5a receptor antagonists may have therapeutic potential in the many diseases known to involve either endotoxin or C5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Short
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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Gorard D, Walshe K, Wood J, Smith A, Youngs PJ, Ringrose T, Garrard C, McAllister C, McGovern SJ, Duncan PW, Nightingale P, Macartney I, Ryan J, Shelly MP, Pritchard C, Anderson ID, Rowlands BJ, Mercer M, Fletcher SJ, Bishop GF, McQuillan P, Pilkington S, Allan A, Taylor B, Smith G, Nielson M, Short A, Morgan G, Collins C. Suboptimal ward care of critically ill patients. BMJ 1999. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.318.7175.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Vannatta K, Gartstein MA, Short A, Noll RB. A controlled study of peer relationships of children surviving brain tumors: teacher, peer, and self ratings. J Pediatr Psychol 1998; 23:279-87. [PMID: 9782676 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/23.5.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the behavioral reputation and peer acceptance of children diagnosed and treated for brain tumors. METHOD Twenty-eight children surviving brain tumors (8-18 years of age) were compared to 28 nonchronically ill, same classroom, same gender comparison peers (COMP). Peer, teacher, and self-report data were collected. RESULTS Relative to COMP, children who had been diagnosed with brain tumors received fewer friendship nominations from clasmates and were described by peer, teacher, and self-report as socially isolated. Although they were no longer receiving therapy for their disease, peers perceived brain tumor survivors as being sick, more fatigued, and often absent from school. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that children surviving brain tumors are at risk for social difficulties even after treatment ends, although the specific cause(s) for this vulnerability were not investigated in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vannatta
- Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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McQuillan P, Pilkington S, Allan A, Taylor B, Short A, Morgan G, Nielsen M, Barrett D, Smith G, Collins CH. Confidential inquiry into quality of care before admission to intensive care. BMJ 1998; 316:1853-8. [PMID: 9632403 PMCID: PMC28582 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7148.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 701] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence, nature, causes, and consequences of suboptimal care before admission to intensive care units, and to suggest possible solutions. DESIGN Prospective confidential inquiry on the basis of structured interviews and questionnaires. SETTING A large district general hospital and a teaching hospital. SUBJECTS A cohort of 100 consecutive adult emergency admissions, 50 in each centre. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Opinions of two external assessors on quality of care especially recognition, investigation, monitoring, and management of abnormalities of airway, breathing, and circulation, and oxygen therapy and monitoring. RESULTS Assessors agreed that 20 patients were well managed (group 1) and 54 patients received suboptimal care (group 2). Assessors disagreed on quality of management of 26 patients (group 3). The casemix and severity of illness, defined by the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score, were similar between centres and the three groups. In groups 1, 2, and 3 intensive care mortalities were 5 (25%), 26 (48%), and 6 (23%) respectively (P=0.04) (group 1 versus group 2, P=0.07). Hospital mortalities were 7 (35%), 30 (56%), and 8 (31%) (P=0.07) and standardised hospital mortality ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.23 (0.49 to 2.54), 1.4 (0.94 to 2.0), and 1.26 (0.54 to 2.48) respectively. Admission to intensive care was considered late in 37 (69%) patients in group 2. Overall, a minimum of 4.5% and a maximum of 41% of admissions were considered potentially avoidable. Suboptimal care contributed to morbidity or mortality in most instances. The main causes of suboptimal care were failure of organisation, lack of knowledge, failure to appreciate clinical urgency, lack of supervision, and failure to seek advice. CONCLUSIONS The management of airway, breathing, and circulation, and oxygen therapy and monitoring in severely ill patients before admission to intensive care units may frequently be suboptimal. Major consequences may include increased morbidity and mortality and requirement for intensive care. Possible solutions include improved teaching, establishment of medical emergency teams, and widespread debate on the structure and process of acute care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P McQuillan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Queen Alexander Hospital, Cosham, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO6 3LY
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Bhat H, Shetty HGM, Short A. Heparin Use for Deep Vein Thrombosis - An Audit. Age Ageing 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/27.suppl_2.61-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Griffiths G, Lall R, Chatfield S, Short A, Mackay P, Williamson P, Brown J, Levene MI. Randomised controlled double blind study of role of recombinant erythropoietin in the prevention of chronic lung disease. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1997; 76:F190-2. [PMID: 9175950 PMCID: PMC1720643 DOI: 10.1136/fn.76.3.f190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of recombinant human erythropoietin (R-HuEpo) in reducing iron infusion, which may exacerbate free radical damage, leading to chronic lung disease. METHODS A multicentre, randomised, placebo controlled, double blind study was carried out in four neonatal intensive care units in Yorkshire. Infants were randomly allocated and received either R-HuEpo (480 U/kg/wk) or placebo by twice weekly subcutaneous injection. The primary outcome measure was the number of days on respiratory support and a secondary outcome the number of blood transfusions required. RESULTS Forty two very low birthweight (VLBW) infants were randomly allocated. There was little difference in the need for respiratory support one month after randomisation, but subsequently there was a trend towards a reduction in the proportion requiring respiratory support in the R-HuEpo group (difference at three months -0.50, 95% confidence interval -1.00, 0.17). During stay in hospital, the median number of blood transfusions was lower for infants in the R-HuEpo group (difference in medians -2, 95% CI -4, 0). The study was stopped early because of failure to recruit babies at the expected rate. CONCLUSIONS R-HuEpo seems to reduce the number of days in oxygen for ill VLBW infants. These data could be used to construct a larger multicentre study to evaluate this effect further.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Griffiths
- Department of Paediatrics, Leeds General Infirmary
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Mathieson PW, Peat DS, Short A, Watts RA. Coexistent membranous nephropathy and ANCA-positive crescentic glomerulonephritis in association with penicillamine. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11:863-6. [PMID: 8671912 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P W Mathieson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Finnern R, Bye JM, Dolman KM, Zhao MH, Short A, Marks JD, Lockwood MC, Ouwehand WH. Molecular characteristics of anti-self antibody fragments against neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens from human V gene phage display libraries. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 102:566-74. [PMID: 8536374 PMCID: PMC1553387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently it has been demonstrated that human antibody fragments with binding activities against self antigens can be isolated from repertoires of rearranged V genes from non-immunized humans. We have applied phage display technology to study the B cell repertoire for antibody activity against neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens. These antibodies may play an important role in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and related forms of vasculitides. Autoantibodies in patients with WG are directed against proteinase 3. The immunodominant antigen in other forms of vasculitis is myeloperoxidase, but the B cell response can also be directed against other neutrophil enzymes, e.g. lysozyme, human neutrophil elastase, lactoferrin and cathepsin G. We show here that anti-self reactivity against neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens can be detected in the rearranged V gene repertoire of healthy individuals and that the reactivity can be directed against structural related epitopes which are present on different neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens. The scFv with binding activities were sequenced and the V gene usage, the level of somatic mutations and the immunoserological characteristics of the antibody fragments are discussed. Further evidence is presented that antibody fragments consisting only of a heavy chain variable domain can recognize neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens in a specific manner. These single-domain antibody fragments were used in experiments designed to establish the relative role of the light chain variable domains in antigen binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Finnern
- University of Cambridge, Division of Transfusion Medicine, UK
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Short A. Rat histopathology: A glossary for use in toxicity and carcinogenicity studies Second Revised Edition. P. Greaves and J.M. Faccini, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1992. 302 pp., $184.50. Toxicol Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(95)90211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rowan KM, Kerr JH, Major E, McPherson K, Short A, Vessey MP. Intensive Care Society's Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) study in Britain and Ireland: a prospective, multicenter, cohort study comparing two methods for predicting outcome for adult intensive care patients. Crit Care Med 1994; 22:1392-401. [PMID: 8062560 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199409000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the ability of two methods--Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and Mortality Prediction Model (MPM)--to predict hospital outcome for a large group of intensive care patients from Britain and Ireland. DESIGN Prospective, multicenter, cohort study. SETTING Twenty-six general intensive care units in Britain and Ireland. PATIENTS A total of 8,724 patients admitted to the study. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Probabilities of hospital death for patients were estimated by applying APACHE II and MPM. Predicted risks of hospital death were compared with observed outcomes using four methods of assessing the overall goodness of fit. APACHE II performed better than MPM; the calibration curve for APACHE II lay closer to the line of perfect predictive ability. Lemeshow-Hosmer chi-square statistics were 81 and 57 for APACHE II, and 2515 and 1737 for MPM. The overall correct classification rate for APACHE II was 79%, and this classification rate was 74% for MPM, applying a decision criterion of 50%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.83 with APACHE II and 0.74 with MPM. Even after modifications to the MPM for the assessment of coma, the performance of APACHE II was superior. CONCLUSIONS APACHE II demonstrated a higher degree of overall goodness of fit, which was superior to MPM for groups of intensive care patients from Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Rowan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, UK
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Abstract
Antibiotic usage was assessed in a prospective, randomized trial of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) versus placebo for 212 severely injured trauma patients in four university hospitals. All patients were observed until death or discharge from the hospital. We found the number of antibiotics used and their associated costs staggering and difficult to justify, although serious antibiotic-related complications were infrequent. Regular antibiotic administration following severe trauma should be re-evaluated since clinical evidence supports the use of shorter courses for these patients, with presumed similar outcomes and much-reduced expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hadjiminas
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY
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Rowan KM, Kerr JH, Major E, McPherson K, Short A, Vessey MP. Intensive Care Society's APACHE II study in Britain and Ireland--II: Outcome comparisons of intensive care units after adjustment for case mix by the American APACHE II method. BMJ 1993; 307:977-81. [PMID: 8241909 PMCID: PMC1679167 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.307.6910.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare outcome between intensive care units in Britain and Ireland both before and after adjustment for case mix with the American APACHE II method and to validate the American APACHE II method in Britain and Ireland. DESIGN Prospective, cohort study of consecutive admissions to intensive care units. SETTING 26 general intensive care units in Britain and Ireland. SUBJECTS 8796 admissions to the study intensive care units. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Death or survival at discharge from intensive care unit and hospital. RESULTS At discharge from both intensive care unit and hospital there was a greater than twofold variation in crude mortality between the 26 units. After adjustment for case mix, variations in mortality were still apparent. For four intensive care units the observed numbers of deaths were significantly different from the number predicted by the American APACHE II equation. The overall goodness of fit, or predictive ability, of the APACHE II equation for the British and Irish data was good, being only slightly inferior to that obtained when the equation was tested on the data from which it had been derived. When patients were grouped by various factors such as age and diagnosis, the equation did not adjust across the subgroups in a uniform manner. CONCLUSIONS The American APACHE II equation did not fit the British and Irish data. Use of the American equation could be of advantage or disadvantage to individual intensive care units, depending on the mix of patients treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Rowan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary
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Rowan KM, Kerr JH, Major E, McPherson K, Short A, Vessey MP. Intensive Care Society's APACHE II study in Britain and Ireland--I: Variations in case mix of adult admissions to general intensive care units and impact on outcome. BMJ 1993; 307:972-7. [PMID: 8241908 PMCID: PMC1679155 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.307.6910.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the extent of variation in the case mix of adult admissions to general intensive care units in Britain and Ireland and investigate the impact of such variation on outcome. DESIGN Prospective, cohort study of consecutive admissions to intensive care units. SETTING 26 general intensive care units in Britain and Ireland. SUBJECTS 9099 admissions to the intensive care units studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Death or survival at discharge before and after adjustment of case mix (age, history of chronic conditions, surgical status, diagnosis, and severity of illness) according to the APACHE II method. RESULTS Important differences in case mix were found, with large variations between the units. Hospital mortality was significantly associated with most of the case mix factors investigated. CONCLUSIONS Comparing crude death rates in hospital between intensive care units may be misleading indicators of performance. The collection of data on case mix needs to be standardised and differences in case mix adjusted for when comparing outcome between different intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Rowan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary
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