1
|
Lackner A, Heber D, Bosch P, Adelsmayr G, Duftner C, Ficjan A, Gretler J, Hermann J, Husic R, Graninger WB, Dejaco C. Ultrasound verified enthesophytes are associated with radiographic progression at entheses in psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:2893-2897. [PMID: 32091097 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether ultrasound or clinical abnormalities at enthesal sites predict radiographic progression at entheses in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS Consecutive PsA patients were included and subjected to clinical and ultrasound assessments at 14 entheses at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Radiographs were performed at 0 and 12 months. By US, we investigated structural (erosions, osteophytes) and inflammatory changes [grey scale (0-32) and power Doppler (0-14, range global ultrasound score 0-140)], and radiographs were evaluated for enthesophytes and erosions (score range 0-56). Multivariate regression models were conducted to identify the possible association of clinical and ultrasound findings with radiographic progression. RESULTS We examined 83 patients at baseline, of whom 43 (51.8%) had complete clinical, ultrasound and X-ray data. Twenty-four of 43 patients (55.8%) developed radiographic progression of entheses. These patients were younger (49.6 vs 59.3, P =0.005), had shorter disease duration (9.7 vs 17.9 years, P=0.015) and lower clinical disease activity at 6-months [disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA) 6.7 vs 17.0, P=0.018] as compared with patients without progression. Non-progressors had higher ultrasound enthesophyte scores at baseline than progressors (20 vs 15, P<0.05). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that 48.6% of the variance of the X-ray score at 12-months follow-up (RegcoeffB = 0.827, P=0.000) could be explained by the baseline US enthesophyte score. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that radiographic progression at entheses is linked with age, disease duration and ultrasound verified enthesophytes at baseline. No other ultrasound parameter predicted radiographic progression at entheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Lackner
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Heber
- Radiology Herne GbR, Hospitalstraße, Herne, Germany
| | - Philipp Bosch
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Adelsmayr
- Clinical Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz
| | - Christina Duftner
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anja Ficjan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Gretler
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz Graz, Austria
| | - Josef Hermann
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz Graz, Austria
| | - Rusmir Husic
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried B Graninger
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Dejaco
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz Graz, Austria.,Rheumatology Service, South Tyrolean Health Trust, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Henning S, Yang J, Heber D. POMEGRANATE JUICE AND EXTRACT PROVIDE PHOTOPROTECTION AGAINST UV-INDUCED ERYTHEMA AND CHANGES THE SKIN MICROBIOME. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - S Henning
- Center for Human Nutritio, UCLA, United States
| | | | - D Heber
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cal-Gonzalez J, Li X, Heber D, Rausch I, Moore SC, Schäfers K, Hacker M, Beyer T. Partial volume correction for improved PET quantification in 18F-NaF imaging of atherosclerotic plaques. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:1742-1756. [PMID: 28176255 PMCID: PMC6153866 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate quantification of plaque imaging using 18F-NaF PET requires partial volume correction (PVC). METHODS PVC of PET data was implemented by the use of a local projection (LP) method. LP-based PVC was evaluated with an image quality (NEMA) and with a thorax phantom with "plaque-type" lesions of 18-36 mL. The validated PVC method was then applied to a cohort of 17 patients, each with at least one plaque in the carotid or ascending aortic arteries. In total, 51 calcified (HU > 110) and 16 non-calcified plaque lesions (HU < 110) were analyzed. The lesion-to-background ratio (LBR) and the relative change of LBR (ΔLBR) were measured on PET. RESULTS Following PVC, LBR of the spheres (NEMA phantom) was within 10% of the original values. LBR of the thoracic lesions increased by 155% to 440% when the LP-PVC method was applied to the PET images. In patients, PVC increased the LBR in both calcified [mean = 78% (-8% to 227%)] and non-calcified plaques [mean = 41%, (-9%-104%)]. CONCLUSIONS PVC helps to improve LBR of plaque-type lesions in both phantom studies and clinical patients. Better results were obtained when the PVC method was applied to images reconstructed with point spread function modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Cal-Gonzalez
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20/4L, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Xiang Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Heber
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Rausch
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20/4L, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen C Moore
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klaus Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Beyer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20/4L, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Heber D, Leike T, Beitzke D, Lu X, Zhang X, Wei Y, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Kropf S, Wester HJ, Loewe C, Hacker M, Haug AR. [68Ga]Pentixafor-PET/MRI for the detection of Chemokine receptor 4 expression in atherosclerotic plaques. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 45:558-566. [PMID: 28932900 PMCID: PMC5829117 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) was found co-localized with macrophages on the atherosclerotic vessel wall and participated in the initial emigration of leukocytes. Gallium-68 [68Ga]Pentixafor has recently been introduced for the imaging of atherosclerosis by targeting CXCR4. We sought to evaluate human atherosclerotic lesions using [68Ga]Pentixafor PET/MRI. METHODS Thirty-eight oncology patients underwent [68Ga]Pentixafor PET/MR imaging at baseline. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were derived from hot lesions in seven arterial segments and target-to-blood ratios (TBR) were calculated. ANOVA post-hoc and paired t test were performed for statistical comparison, Spearman's correlation coefficient between uptake ratios and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. The reproducibility of [68Ga]Pentixafor PET/MRI was assessed in seven patients with a follow-up exanimation by Pearson's regression and Bland-Altman plots analysis. RESULTS Thirty-four of 38 patients showed 611 focal [68Ga]Pentixafor uptake that followed the contours of the large arteries. Both prevalence and mean TBRmax were highest in the descending aorta. There were significantly higher TBR values found in men (1.9 ± 0.3) as compared to women (1.7 ± 0.2; p < 0.05). Patients with mean TBRmax > 1.7 showed a significantly higher incidence of diabetes, hypertension hypercholesterolemia and history of cardiovascular disease than patients with mean TBRmax ≤ 1.7. [68Ga]Pentixafor uptake showed a good reproducibility (r = 0.6, p < 0.01), and there was no difference between the mean TBRmax values of plaque lesions (TBRbaseline1.8 ± 0.3 vs TBRfollow-up1.8 ± 0.3) (p = 0.9). CONCLUSION Patients with high arterial uptake showed increased incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting a potential role of [68Ga]Pentixafor in characterization of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel Heber
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Leike
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietrich Beitzke
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xia Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Hans J Wester
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Loewe
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander R Haug
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Heber D, Gonzalez JC, Karanikas G, Mayerhoefer ME, Rasul S, Beitzke D, Zhang X, Agis H, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Beyer T, Loewe C, Hacker M. Association Between Osteogenesis and Inflammation During the Progression of Calcified Plaque Evaluated by 18F-Fluoride and 18F-FDG. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:968-974. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.182790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
6
|
Harris DM, Besselink E, Henning SM, Go VLW, Heber D. Phytoestrogens Induce Differential Estrogen Receptor Alpha- or Beta-Mediated Responses in Transfected Breast Cancer Cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 230:558-68. [PMID: 16118406 DOI: 10.1177/153537020523000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased intake of phytoestrogens may be associated with a lower risk of cancer in the breast and several other sites, although there is controversy surrounding this activity. One of the mechanisms proposed to explain the activity of phytoestrogens is their ability to bind and activate human estrogen receptor a (ERα) and human estrogen receptor β (ERβ). Nine phytoestrogens were tested for their ability to transactivate ERα or ERβ at a range of doses. Mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were co-transfected with either ERα or ERβ, and an estrogen-response element was linked to a luciferase reporter gene. Dose-dependent responses were compared with the endogenous ligand 17β-estradiol. Purified genistein, daidzein, apigenin, and coumestrol showed differential and robust transactivation of ERα- and ERβ-induced transcription, with an up to 100-fold stronger activation of ERβ. Equol, naringenin, and kaempferol were weaker agonists. When activity was evaluated against a background of 0.5 nM 17β-estradiol, the addition of genistein, daidzein, and resveratrol superstimulated the system, while kaempferol and quercetin were antagonists at the highest doses. This transfection assay provides an excellent model to evaluate the activation of ERα and ERβ by different phytoestrogens in a breast cancer context and can be used as a screening bioassay tool to evaluate the estrogenic activity of extracts of herbs and foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Harris
- The UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, 13-145 Warren Hall, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1742, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Heber D, Rausch I, Beitzke D, Mayerhoefer ME, Rasul S, Kreissl M, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Hartenbach M, Haug A, Zhang X, Loewe C, Beyer T, Hacker M. Erratum to: Quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic plaques on 18F-FDG PET/MRI: comparison with a PET/CT hybrid system. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 43:1569. [PMID: 27000852 PMCID: PMC4969931 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Heber
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Rausch
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, General Hospital Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietrich Beitzke
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius E Mayerhoefer
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sazan Rasul
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kreissl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hartenbach
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Haug
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Loewe
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Beyer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, General Hospital Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heber D, Hacker M. [Ischemic burden vs. coronary artery morphology : What is crucial for the indication of revascularization?]. Herz 2016; 41:376-83. [PMID: 27333984 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-016-4450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease still represents the leading cause of death in the western world despite a decrease of mortality in the last decade. For the diagnostics of coronary artery morphology, invasive coronary angiography represents the gold standard. Nevertheless, in recent years the importance of functional diagnostics of the coronary arteries has increased and various imaging procedures for the measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) during coronary angiography were established and recommended for ischemia testing in the actual guidelines on myocardial revascularization.Imaging modalities for diagnostics of the functional relevance of coronary artery disease include stress echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). These procedures enable advanced risk stratification and therapy guiding in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease. In future algorithms, hybrid imaging may facilitate the determination of anatomical and functional aspects after only one investigation.In the present article, the role of ischemia testing is compared with morphological methods for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, individual risk stratification, and therapy guiding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Heber
- Klinische Abteilung für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - M Hacker
- Klinische Abteilung für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Heber D, Rausch I, Beitzke D, Mayerhoefer ME, Rasul S, Kreissl M, Mitthauser M, Wadsak W, Hartenbach M, Haug A, Zhang X, Loewe C, Beyer T, Hacker M. Quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic plaques on (18)F-FDG PET/MRI: comparison with a PET/CT hybrid system. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 43:1503-12. [PMID: 26816195 PMCID: PMC4906060 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose PET with 18F-FDG has the potential to assess vascular macrophage metabolism. 18F-FDG is most often used in combination with contrast-enhanced CT to localize increased metabolism to specific arterial lesions. Novel 18F-FDG PET/MRI hybrid imaging shows high potential for the combined evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques, due to the superior morphological conspicuity of plaque lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/MRI uptake quantification compared to PET/CT as a reference standard in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Methods The study group comprised 34 consecutive oncological patients with carotid plaques who underwent both PET/CT and PET/MRI with 18F-FDG on the same day. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques was confirmed by 3 T MRI scans. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) for carotid plaque lesions and the average SUV of the blood pool within the adjacent internal jugular vein were determined and target-to-blood ratios (TBRs, plaque to blood pool) were calculated. Results Atherosclerotic lesions with maximum colocalized focal FDG uptake were assessed in each patient. SUVmax values of carotid plaque lesions were significantly lower on PET/MRI than on PET/CT (2.3 ± 0.6 vs. 3.1 ± 0.6; P < 0.01), but were significantly correlated between PET/CT and PET/MRI (Spearman’s r = 0.67, P < 0.01). In contrast, TBRmax values of plaque lesions were similar on PET/MRI and on PET/CT (2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 2.2 ± 0.3; P = 0.4), and again were significantly correlated between PET/MRI and PET/CT (Spearman’s r = 0.73, P < 0.01). Considering the increasing trend in SUVmax and TBRmax values from early to delayed imaging time-points on PET/CT and PET/MRI, respectively, with continuous clearance of radioactivity from the blood, a slight underestimation of TBRmax values may also be expected with PET/MRI compared with PET/CT. Conclusion SUVmax and TBRmax values are widely accepted reference parameters for estimation of the radioactivity of atherosclerotic plaques on PET/CT. However, due to a systematic underestimation of SUVmax and TBRmax with PET/MRI, the optimal cut-off values indicating the presence of inflamed plaque tissue need to be newly defined for PET/MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Heber
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Rausch
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, General Hospital Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietrich Beitzke
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius E Mayerhoefer
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sazan Rasul
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kreissl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Markus Mitthauser
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hartenbach
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Haug
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Loewe
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Beyer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, General Hospital Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pantuck AJ, Pettaway CA, Dreicer R, Corman J, Katz A, Ho A, Aronson W, Clark W, Simmons G, Heber D. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of pomegranate extract on rising PSA levels in men following primary therapy for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2015; 18:242-8. [PMID: 26169045 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective of this study was to compare the effects of pomegranate juice on PSA doubling times (PSADT) in subjects with rising PSA levels after primary therapy for prostate cancer. METHODS Double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-institutional study, evaluated the effects of pomegranate liquid extract on serum PSA levels. The primary end point of this study was change in serum PSADT. Additional secondary and exploratory objectives were to evaluate the safety of pomegranate juice and to determine the interaction of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) AA genotype and pomegranate treatment on PSADT. RESULTS One-hundred eighty-three eligible subjects were randomly assigned to the active and placebo groups with a ratio of 2:1 (extract N=102; placebo N=64; juice N=17). The majority of adverse events were of moderate or mild grade. Median PSADT increased from 11.1 months at baseline to 15.6 months in the placebo group (P<0.001) compared with an increase from 12.9 months at baseline to 14.5 months in the extract group (P=0.13) and an increase from 12.7 at baseline to 20.3 in the juice group (P=0.004). However, none of these changes were statistically significant between the three groups (P>0.05). Placebo AA patients experienced a 1.8 month change in median PSADT from 10.9 months at baseline to 12.7 months (P=0.22), while extract patients experienced a 12 month change in median PSADT from 13.6 at baseline to 25.6 months (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, pomegranate extract did not significantly prolong PSADT in prostate cancer patients with rising PSA after primary therapy. A significant prolongation in PSADT was observed in both the treatment and placebo arms. Men with the MnSOD AA genotype may represent a group that is more sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of pomegranate on PSADT; however, this finding requires prospective hypothesis testing and validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Pantuck
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C A Pettaway
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Dreicer
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Corman
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Katz
- Winthrop University Hospital, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - A Ho
- Winthrop University Hospital, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - W Aronson
- 1] Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] VA Medical Center Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Clark
- Alaska Clinical Research Center, Anchorage, AL, USA
| | - G Simmons
- Five Valleys Urology, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - D Heber
- 1] Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Department of Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Beslic N, Heber D, Walter Lipp R, Sonneck-Koenne C, Knoll P, Mirzaei S. Metabolic Pattern of Asymptomatic Hip-Prosthesis by 18F-FDG-Positron-Emission-Tomography. Iran J Radiol 2015; 12:e11204. [PMID: 25793083 PMCID: PMC4349100 DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol.11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Joint replacement is a procedure with a major impact on the quality of life of patients with joint degenerative disease or traumatic injuries. However, some patients develop symptoms after the intervention caused by mechanical loosening or infection. Metabolic imaging by 18F-FDG-PET investigated in these patients isoften hampered by low specificity for diagnosis of possible septic vs. mechanical loosening. The reason for this shortcoming is to our opinion the unawareness of physiological remodeling processes that could be seen in asymptomatic patients. Objectives: In order to overcome this drawback, we aimed to find out the physiological metabolic functional pattern in asymptomatic patients with implanted hip prosthesis Patients and Methods: Twelve patients (6 males, 6 females); mean age 73 ± 7 (range 58 - 91) years were prospectively enrolled in the study. The patients were admitted to our department for oncological referral with implanted hip prostheses. All patients explained no symptoms with regard to their implanted prosthesis. The attenuation corrected images were used for analysis. Results: Fourteen hip prostheses in 12 patients were visually analyzed. Seven out of 14 prostheses among 12 patients showed focal periprosthetic enhanced metabolism, two of which showed two sites of enhanced uptake; whereas, the remaining five prostheses showed singular hypermetabolic areas within the periprosthetic site. The remaining seven prostheses in the other five patients showed no periprosthetic-enhanced uptake. Conclusion: Of the asymptomatic patients investigated, 58% showed focal enhanced periprosthetic glucose metabolism. This finding should be taken into consideration as a more probable unspecific metabolic pattern for correct interpretation of 18F-FDG-PET studies in patients with suspected septic loosening of the hip prosthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermina Beslic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Bolnicka, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Daniel Heber
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Charlotte Sonneck-Koenne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Montleart straße 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author: Charlotte Sonneck-Koenne, Department of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Montleart straße 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria. Tel: +43-1491503608, Fax: +43-1491503609, E-mail:
| | - Peter Knoll
- Department of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Montleart straße 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siroos Mirzaei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Montleart straße 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dejaco C, De Zordo T, Heber D, Hartung W, Lipp R, Lutfi A, Magyar M, Zauner D, Lackner A, Duftner C, Horwath-Winter J, Graninger WB, Hermann J. Real-time sonoelastography of salivary glands for diagnosis and functional assessment of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Ultrasound Med Biol 2014; 40:2759-2767. [PMID: 25261905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of real-time sonoelastography (RTS) of salivary glands for the diagnosis and assessment of glandular damage in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). After institutional review board approval, 45 pSS patients, 24 sicca patients and 11 healthy controls were investigated prospectively. Questionnaires were completed and Saxon and Schirmer tests and routine blood tests carried out in all patients. All patients underwent B-mode ultrasonography and RTS of parotid and submandibular glands. Abnormal findings were graded from 0 to 48 and from 0 to 16, respectively. Sialoscintigraphy was done according to a routine protocol; scoring ranged from 0 to 12. Statistical analysis comprised receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariate regression analysis. Patients with pSS had higher B-mode (median score = 25 [range: 2-44] vs. 9 [1-20], p < 0.001) and RTS (6.5 [2-13] versus 4 [1-9], p < 0.001) scores than controls with sicca syndrome, yielding areas under the curve of 0.83 and 0.85 (p < 0.05 each), respectively for pSS diagnosis. In cases with an inconclusive B-mode ultrasonography result, RTS (cutoff score: ≥ 6) led to a sensitive (66.7%) and specific (85.7%) classification of patients and sicca controls. In multivariate regression analysis, RTS (regression coefficient = -0.48, p = 0.005), but not B-mode ultrasonography, reflected impaired salivary gland function according to the Saxon test, whereas none of the subjective measures of dryness or discomfort were related to ultrasonography results. B-mode and RTS results were both associated with sialoscintigraphy scores (regression coefficient = 0.66, p < 0.001, and regression coefficient = 0.55, p = 0.001, respectively). Reproducibility of B-mode ultrasonography and RTS was good, with intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.57-0.98) and 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.98), respectively. In summary, RTS might be a useful adjunct to B-mode ultrasonography for diagnosis and assessment of salivary gland impairment in primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dejaco
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias De Zordo
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Daniel Heber
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hartung
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Asklepios Clinic, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Rainer Lipp
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andre Lutfi
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marton Magyar
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dorothea Zauner
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Angelika Lackner
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Duftner
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Josef Hermann
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dejaco C, DeZordo T, Heber D, Lipp R, Lutfi A, Magyar M, Zauner D, Graninger W, Hermann J. THU0415 Increased rigidity of salivary glands as indicated by sonoelastography is associated with reduced saliva production in primary sjÖgren’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
14
|
Dejaco C, DeZordo T, Heber D, Lipp R, Lutfi A, Magyar M, Zauner D, Graninger W, Hermann J. SAT0395 Sonoelastography detects salivary gland dysfunction in patients with primary sjögren’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
15
|
Li Z, Henning SM, Zhang Y, Rahnama N, Zerlin A, Thames G, Tseng CH, Heber D. Decrease of postprandial endothelial dysfunction by spice mix added to high-fat hamburger meat in men with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2013; 30:590-5. [PMID: 23320544 PMCID: PMC7357279 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Consumption of a high-fat diet has been demonstrated to promote endothelial dysfunction, possibly through an increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in serum nitric oxide. The present study was designed to investigate whether consumption of a hamburger cooked with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture will reduce postprandial lipid oxidation and endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Twenty-two subjects consumed burgers cooked with salt only (control burger) or with salt and spice mix (spice burger) in randomized order. The postprandial concentration of urinary malondialdehyde and nitrate/nitrite as well as the peripheral arterial tonometry score were determined. RESULTS Eighteen subjects completed the study. Postprandial serum glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations were similar in all subjects after control burger or spice burger consumption. Urine malondialdehyde excretion in mmol/g creatinine was reduced by 31% (P < 0.001) after consuming the spice burger compared with the control burger. Two hours after consumption of the burgers, the peripheral arterial tonometry score was significantly different between control burger consumption (-9.7 ± 21.5%) and spice burger consumption (+18.0 ± 42.4%) (P = 0.025). Mean urinary nitrate/nitrite concentrations in urine collected during the 6 h after consumption of the control burger was 9.09 ± 5.7 mmol/g creatinine, but 12.37 ± 7.00 mmol/g creatinine after the spice burger (P = 0.053). CONCLUSION Adding a spice mix to hamburger meat prior to cooking resulted in a reduction in urinary malondialdehyde, an increase in urinary nitrate/nitrite and improvement of postprandial endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, cooking a hamburger with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture may lead to potential cardiovascular benefits in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gstettner C, Köfer K, Kerschbaumer S, Heber D, Triebl A, Aigner RM. Vorteil eines zusätzlichen SPECT-CT-Protokolls bei verdächtigen solitären Knochenläsionen als Erweiterung der 99m Tc DPD Untersuchung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1324424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
17
|
Carpenter CL, Duvall K, Henning S, Heber D. Impact of diet and exercise intervention on breast ductal fluid among overweight postmenopausal women. BMC Proc 2009. [PMCID: PMC2727125 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-3-s5-s23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
18
|
|
19
|
Rettig MB, Heber D, An J, Klatte T, Seeram N, Liu H, Rao JY, Henning S, Belldegrun AS, Pantuck AJ. Impact of pomegranate extract on NF-κΒ activation and emerge of androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
20
|
Li Z, Hong K, Wong E, Maxwell M, Heber D. Weight cycling in a very low-calorie diet programme has no effect on weight loss velocity, blood pressure and serum lipid profile. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9:379-85. [PMID: 17391166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many dieters lose and regain weight many times. It is unclear whether weight cycling is associated with adverse metabolic alterations or becomes more difficult with each attempt. METHODS From 1988 to 2000, 2474 obese patients enrolled in our outpatient weight loss programme using a very low-calorie diet. Caloric intake consisted of meal replacement supplying 700-800 cal/day. RESULTS Our search distinguished 480 patients who had restarted the weight reduction programme at least once and up to four times (restarts). All subjects remained on the programme for 2 weeks or more each time. Mean initial weight loss was 21.3 kg for women and 28.8 kg for men. Rate of weight loss on first restart was not different from initial weight loss for women [1.6 vs. 1.4 kg/week; not significant (NS)] or for men (2.2 vs. 2.1 kg/week; NS). Of the 480 patients, 85 women and 51 men entered the programme three times. Rate of weight loss was similar for all three entries (1.4, 1.6 and 2.1 kg/week for first, second and third entry in women, NS; 2.1, 2.1 and 2 kg/week for men, NS). Only 20 women and 18 men entered the programme four times. The rate of weight loss was again similar for both men (NS) and women (NS) during each re-entry. Cardiovascular risk factors including lipid profile and blood pressure were not adversely affected by weight cycling. In fact, lipid levels were lower at each restart. CONCLUSIONS The present study refutes the hypothesis that repeated dieting makes further dieting efforts more difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Z, Aronson WJ, Arteaga JR, Hong K, Thames G, Henning SM, Liu W, Elashoff R, Ashley JM, Heber D. Feasibility of a low-fat/high-fiber diet intervention with soy supplementation in prostate cancer patients after prostatectomy. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 62:526-36. [PMID: 17392697 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility and long-term compliance with a low-fat diet supplemented with soy protein in men at increased risk for recurrence after radical prostatectomy. DESIGN Randomized, control study. SETTING Academic center in USA. SUBJECT Forty men who had undergone radical prostatectomy and were at increased risk for recurrence. INTERVENTION Low-fat (15% fat), high-fiber (18 g/1000 kcal) diet supplemented with 40 g soy protein isolate (n=26) was compared to USDA recommended diet (n=14). RESULTS Over 4 years, subjects in the intervention group but not in the control group made and sustained significant changes in their diet as measured by the dietary assessment instruments and urinary isoflavone excretion. In the intervention group, dietary fat intake was reduced from 33.46+/-1.27% energy/day to 21.04+/-1.74% (P<0.05), fiber intake increased from 14.6+/-1.06 to 21.05+/-2.29 g/day. The insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level was decreased from 260.4+/-8.6 ng/ml at baseline to 220.5+/-7.9 ng/ml at 6 months (P<0.05) in the intervention group with no significant change in the control group. An ex vivo assay demonstrated inhibition of LNCaP cell growth (-20.0+/-7.7%, P<0.05) by sera from patients in the intervention group after 6 months of dietary change compared to baseline. CONCLUSION These data suggest that long-term low-fat dietary interventions as part of prospective randomized trials in prostate cancer survivors are feasible, and lead to reductions in circulating hormones or other growth factors stimulating prostate cancer growth ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hong K, Li Z, Wang HJ, Elashoff R, Heber D. Analysis of weight loss outcomes using VLCD in black and white overweight and obese women with and without metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29:436-42. [PMID: 15711602 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of very low calorie diet (VLCD) in black and white obese women. Changes in weight, metabolic profile, and body composition are assessed. METHOD Patients are enrolled in a self-paid, university-based, outpatient weight loss program. All are prescribed VLCD (500-800 Cal/day), an exercise regimen, and group behavioral counseling. Black and white patients are matched for age, weight, body mass index, and by metabolic syndrome (MS) status. RESULTS A total of 304 black and white women (152 in each group) were included the analysis. Approximately 40% of patients had MS (white women: 39.5%; black women: 41.2%). Mean baseline weights were similar. After 12 weeks, weight reduction of 9.97% was seen in white women and 9.02% drop was seen in black women (both P<0.0001). However, the degree of weight change was not different between the groups (P = 0.244). Marked improvements in fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and blood pressures (BP) were observed (all P<0.01); however, no difference between cohorts were seen. Patients with MS had higher baseline weight, BP, glucose and triglyceride levels when compared to patients without MS (all P<0.01). Significant reductions in % body fat were seen in white and black patients, independent of MS status. CONCLUSION Obese patients, independent of race, were able to achieve significant weight loss when enrolled in a structured outpatient program. Weight loss significantly correlated with all aspects of MS. Our results suggest that differences seen in past studies may be influenced by socioeconomic and behavioral factors rather than differences in physiological response to dieting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hong
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1742, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Z, Hong K, Saltsman P, DeShields S, Bellman M, Thames G, Liu Y, Wang HJ, Elashoff R, Heber D. Long-term efficacy of soy-based meal replacements vs an individualized diet plan in obese type II DM patients: relative effects on weight loss, metabolic parameters, and C-reactive protein. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 59:411-8. [PMID: 15674301 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving significant weight loss and glycemic control in diabetic patients remains a challenging task. OBJECTIVE This study compared the effects of a soy-based meal replacement (MR) plan vs an individualized diet plan (IDP; as recommended by the American Diabetes Association) on weight loss and metabolic profile. DESIGN/SUBJECTS A total of 104 subjects were randomized prospectively to the two treatments for a total of 12 months. RESULTS In all, 77 of the 104 subjects completed the study. Percentage weight loss in MR group (4.57+/-0.81%) was significantly greater (P<0.05) than in IDP group (2.25+/-0.72%). Fasting plasma glucose was significantly reduced in MR group (126.4+/-4.9 mg/dl) compared with IDP group (152.5+/-6.6 mg/dl, P<0.0001) at 6 months but not at 12 months. Controlling for baseline levels, hemoglobin Alc level improved by 0.49+/-0.22% for those receiving MR when compared to IDP group (P<0.05). A greater number of subjects in MR group reduced their use of sulfonylureas (P<0.0001) and metformin (P<0.05) as compared to IDP group. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) decreased -26.3% (P = 0.019) in MR group compared to -7.06% (P = 0.338) in IDP group at 6 months. Similar changes were observed at 12 months with MR groups, with hs-CRP decreasing by -25.0% (P = 0.019) compared to -18.7% (P = 0.179) in IDP group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that MR is a viable strategy for weight reduction in diabetic patients, resulting in beneficial changes in measures of glycemic control and reduction of medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1742, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-income patients are disproportionately affected by obesity. Routine care is available to this population at the Venice Family Clinic (VFC) in Los Angeles. The current study examined the effectiveness of nutrition clinic utilizing meal replacements (Slim-Fast, Slim-Fast Foods Co., FL, USA) in low-income patients over a 6-month period compared with the routine care by their primary care physician (PMD) prior to enrolling in the nutrition clinic at similar time intervals. METHODS In total, 63 patients (51 F; 49+/-0.8 yo) who had been followed at the VFC by their PMD for at least 6 months were enrolled in this study. Patients had a body mass index (BMI) of 40+/-1.1 kg/m2, were 72% Hispanic, 25% Caucasian, and 3% African American. They had the following co-morbidities: hypertension (HTN) 45%, diabetes mellitus II (DM II) 50%, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) 34%, osteoarthritis 51%, and hypercholesterolemia 48%. All patients were provided with meal replacements to be taken twice a day and were instructed to consume one complete low calorie meal per day. Weights at the first visit to the nutrition clinic, 1, 3, and 6 months after enrollment in nutrition clinic were compared to their weights at the same time intervals during routine visits to their PMD prior to enrollment in the nutrition clinic. RESULTS There was no significant weight change during the 6 months prior to enrollment in the nutrition program despite receiving care by a PMD. At 6 months after participating in the nutrition program, there was a mean decrease of 7% body weight with a reduction in BMI from 40-37 kg/m2 (P< or =0.05). CONCLUSION Implementation of nutrition clinic utilizing meal replacements in this low-income patient population was effective in achieving a significant reduction in weight over 6 months of treatment..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Huerta
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 92801, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ngo TH, Barnard RJ, Anton T, Tran C, Heber D, Aronson WJ. 442 EFFECT OF DIETARY OMEGA-6 FATTY ACID ON ANDROGEN-INDEPENDENT PROSTATE TUMOR PROGRESSION AND SURVIVAL IN SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY MICE. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
The taxonomy of Echinacea is based on morphological characters and has varied depending on the monographer. The genus consists of either nine species and four varieties or four species and eight varieties. We have used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) to assess genetic diversity and phenetic relationships among nine species and three varieties of Echinacea (sensu McGregor). A total of 1086 fragments, of which approximately 90% were polymorphic among Echinacea taxa, were generated from six primer combinations. Nei and Li's genetic distance coefficient and the neighbor-joining algorithm were employed to construct a phenetic tree. Genetic distance results indicate that all Echinacea species are closely related, and the average pairwise distance between populations was approximately three times the intrapopulation distances. The topology of the neighbor-joining tree strongly supports two major clades, one containing Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea sanguinea, and Echinacea simulata and the other containing the remainder of the Echinacea taxa (sensu McGregor). The species composition within the clades differs between our AFLP data and the morphometric treatment offered by Binns and colleagues. We also discuss the suitability of AFLP in determining phylogenetic relationships.Key words: Echinacea, AFLP, genetic distance, phylogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D-H Kim
- Department of Horticulture/Plant and Soil Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Frost P, Bornstein S, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, O'Kirwan F, Hutson C, Heber D, Go V, Licinio J, Wong ML. The prototypic antidepressant drug, imipramine, but not Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort), reduces HPA-axis function in the rat. Horm Metab Res 2003; 35:602-6. [PMID: 14605995 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-43507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be involved in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Chronic therapy with standard antidepressant drugs, such as imipramine, can downregulate HPA axis function, indicating that the HPA axis may be an important target for antidepressant action. We tested several doses of a standardized commercial preparation of Hypericum perforatum plant extract (popularly known as St. John's Wort), a medicinal herb used for treating mild depressive symptoms, to determine whether it also modulated HPA axis function. Chronic imipramine treatment (daily injections for 8 weeks) of male Sprague-Dawley rats significantly downregulated circulating plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone compared to animals treated with saline. However, chronic St. John's Wort treatment (daily gavage for 8 weeks) had no effect on plasma ACTH or corticosterone, even at the highest doses tested. Our results confirm previous findings that imipramine may have significant peripheral HPA axis-mediated effects. However, our data does not support any role for H. perforatum in modulation of HPA axis function, suggesting that alternative pathways may be involved in mediating its antidepressant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Frost
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Neuropsychiatric Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Taylor JE, Poston WSC, Haddock CK, Blackburn GL, Heber D, Heymsfield SB, Foreyt JP. Psychometric characteristics of the General Well-Being Schedule (GWB) with African-American women. Qual Life Res 2003; 12:31-9. [PMID: 12625516 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022052804109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The General Well-Being Schedule (GWB) is a brief, reliable, and valid instrument used in population studies to assess psychological well-being, although its validity with African-Americans has yet to be established. This study evaluated the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the GWB in a sample of 599 overweight African-American women who participated in multicenter weight loss trial. The results of the factor analysis indicate that the GWB is primarily unidimensional and that the existence of the six hypothesized subscales was not supported. The GWB demonstrated evidence of concurrent and construct validity when examined in association with measures of self-concept, depression, and several health behaviors. The results of this study suggest that the GWB is a reliable and valid measure of psychological well-being in African-American women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City 64110, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Investigators have shown that green tea may decrease the risk of cancer. It is widely accepted that the main active component of green tea is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). In this study, we examined the effect of green tea on breast cancer growth and endothelial cells in in vitro assays and in animal models. Furthermore, we compared the potency of the different catechin components of green tea extract (GTE), including EGCG. Our data showed that mixed GTE and its individual catechin components were effective in inhibiting breast cancer and endothelial cell proliferation. In mouse experiments, GTE suppressed xenograft size and decreased the tumor vessel density. Our results demonstrated the value of all catechins and argued for the use of a mixed GTE as a botanical dietary supplement, rather than purified EGCG, in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Sartippour
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Elstner E, Williamson EA, Zang C, Fritz J, Heber D, Fenner M, Possinger K, Koeffler HP. Novel therapeutic approach: ligands for PPARgamma and retinoid receptors induce apoptosis in bcl-2-positive human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002; 74:155-65. [PMID: 12186376 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016114026769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of tumors is often associated with activation of the endogenous apoptosis pathways. We have studied eight breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, BT20, BT474, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, SKBR3, T-47D, ZR-75-1) possessing a variety of genetic defects. The clonogenic growth of breast cancer cell lines was inhibited by a ligand for PPARgamma (troglitazone, TGZ) combined with a ligand for either retinoid X receptor (RXR) (LG10069) (4/8 cell lines), RAR (ATRA) (5/8 cell lines) or RAR/RXR and RXR/RXR (9-cis-RA) (5/8 cell lines) independent of their expression of bcl-2, bag-1, ERalpha, and p53. The cell lines (MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75-1), which expressed both BRCA1 and p27, were extremely sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the combination of TGZ and either ATRA or 9-cis-RA (ED90, 2-5 x 10(-11) M). However, only MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and ZR-75-1 cells, which expressed a high level of bcl-2 protein, underwent apoptosis when exposed to the combination of TGZ and either ATRA or 9-cis-RA. Importantly, this effect was independent of expression levels of p53, ERalpha, HER-2/neu, bag-1, and BRCA1. Therefore, the combination of ligands for PPARgamma and retinoid receptors may have a therapeutic role for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Elstner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- D Heber
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ikezoe T, Chen SS, Heber D, Taguchi H, Koeffler HP. Baicalin is a major component of PC-SPES which inhibits the proliferation of human cancer cells via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Prostate 2001; 49:285-92. [PMID: 11746275 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PC-SPES is an eight-herb mixture that was shown to have activity against prostate cancer. Recently, we isolated a major component (6% of the total ethanolic extract) known as baicalin from PC-SPES by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). METHODS Baicalin was evaluated for its ability to inhibit clonal growth, and to induce cell cycle arrest of various cancer types (PC-3, DU145, LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines, MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cell line, and NB4 promyelocytic leukemia cell line). The ability of baicalin to induce apoptosis of cancer cells was examined by both staining with Annexin V and detection of cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)(3). Western blot analysis examined the effect of baicalin on levels of p21(waf1) and p27(kip1) in those cells. Futhermore, induction of differentiation in HL-60 cells was measured by expression of CD11b. RESULTS Baicalin inhibited the clonal proliferation of LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines, and the HL-60 and NB4 myeloblastic/promyelocytic leukemia cell lines with a 50% inhibition (ED(50)) that ranged between 6.4 x 10(-6) to 12 x 10(-6) mol/L. Cell cycle analysis showed that baicalin (2 x 10(-5) mol/L, 4 days) caused a G(0)/G(1) and G(2)/M accumulation of LNCaP and HL-60 cells, respectively. Concomitantly, differentiation and apoptosis were induced in HL-60 cells, as measured by expression of CD11b antigen, staining with annexin V, and detection of cleavage of PARP. Moreover, baicalin enhanced the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27(kip1) in LNCaP and HL-60 cells. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, in which p27(kip1) may play a role. Baicalin may be a novel, adjunctive therapy for selected malignancies including prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ikezoe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following gastric restrictive surgery, morbidly obese patients rarely achieve their ideal body weight defined by Metropolitan Life tables. The final body weight will depend on the initial body composition because there will be greater weight loss from fat than lean body mass. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model that accurately estimates the rate and extent of weight loss following gastric bypass surgery. METHODS Patients underwent gastric bypass followed by intensive medical therapy and serial bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) body composition measurements. Differential equations were derived to model weight loss. RESULTS Weight loss in the fat and lean body compartments followed monoexponential decay kinetics with differing rate constants. Total body weight loss (W(T)) at time t was W(T) = k(f)(k(f) - k(l)) (W(f(o))e(-k(f)t) + W(l(o))e(-k(l)t)), where W(fo) and W(lo) are the initial fat and lean body masses determined by BIA and k(f) and k(l) are the rate constants for the fat and lean compartments, respectively. Following surgically induced weight loss, k(f) = 7.61 +/- 1.27 x 10(-2), and k(l) = -0.93 +/- 0.13 x 10(-2), with the ratio of residual sum of the squares to the total sum of the squares of 98.8%. CONCLUSION Accurate prediction of weight loss depends on the initial fat and lean compartment mass since each of these loses weight at a different rate and to a different extent. When these effects are accounted for, the total body weight loss can be accurately predicted for any given time following surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E H Livingston
- Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Huerta S, Heber D, Sawicki MP, Liu CD, Arthur D, Alexander P, Yip I, Li ZP, Livingston EH. Reduced length of stay by implementation of a clinical pathway for bariatric surgery in an academic health care center. Am Surg 2001; 67:1128-35. [PMID: 11768815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is being performed in increasing numbers in an era when reimbursements are being reduced. Academic health centers bear the responsibility for training surgeons to perform these operations yet must keep costs to a minimum and retain high quality. The UCLA Bariatric Surgery Program developed a clinical pathway for the pre- and postoperative management for gastric bypass patients to achieve these goals. Medical records for 182 consecutive gastric bypass patients were retrospectively reviewed before implementation of the pathway (Group I) during the fiscal year of 1998/1999. Data on average length of stay, average intensive care unit length of stay, average standard variable cost, percentage readmission rate, and percentage return to the operating room were collected. This information was compared with the data collected prospectively from 182 patients after implementation of the pathway in July of 1999 (Group II) during the fiscal year of 1999/2000. Hospital cost per admission was reduced by 40 per cent in Group II compared with Group I (P < 0.02). The average length of stay was reduced from 4.05 days in Group I to 3.17 days in Group II (P < 0.033). Overall readmission rate was decreased from 4.2 per cent in Group I to 3.2 per cent in Group II (P < 0.05). There were no differences in morbidities between both groups. The pathway reduced costs by reducing the hospital length of stay, intensive care unit utilization, and readmission rates. Quality was maintained as evidenced by a similar pattern of postoperative morbidities yet readmission rates were reduced. Our results indicate that implementation of a clinical pathway for bariatric surgery reduces cost and improves quality of care in an academic institution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Huerta
- Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System and the UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, California 90073, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
In a screen for naturally occurring angiogenic inhibitors, we have identified an extract from the seed of the plant Livistona chinensis, which has potent anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity. The aqueous extract inhibits the in vitro proliferation of endothelial cells and multiple tumor cell lines including mouse fibrosarcoma and human breast and colon cancer. In mouse experiments, this extract suppresses the growth of the subcutaneous fibrosarcoma tumors. When the seed is separated into different components, the shell including the seed skin appears more potent than the inner kernel in tumor suppression. Our results suggest that the extract from the shell of Livistona chinensis may be a potential supplemental source for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Sartippour
- Department of Surgery, Division of Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bowerman S, Bellman M, Saltsman P, Garvey D, Pimstone K, Skootsky S, Wang HJ, Elashoff R, Heber D. Implementation of a primary care physician network obesity management program. Obes Res 2001; 9 Suppl 4:321S-325S. [PMID: 11707560 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2001.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most primary care physicians do not treat obesity, citing lack of time, resources, insurance reimbursement, and knowledge of effective interventions as significant barriers. To address this need, a 10-minute intervention delivered by the primary care physician was coupled with individual dietary counseling sessions delivered by a registered dietitian via telephone with an automated calling system (House-Calls, Mobile, AL). Patients were seen for follow-up by their physician at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 52. A total of 252 patients (202 women and 50 men) were referred by 18 primary care physicians to the program. The comorbid conditions reported for all patients at baseline included low back pain, 29% (n = 72); hypertension, 45% (n = 113); hypercholesterolemia, 41% (n = 104); type 2 diabetes, 10% (n = 26); and sleep apnea, 5% (n = 12). When offered a choice of meal plans based on foods or meal replacements, two-thirds of patients (n = 166) chose to use meal replacements (Ultra Slim-Fast; Slim-Fast Foods Co., West Palm Beach, FL) at least once daily. Baseline weights of subjects averaged 200 +/- 46 lb for women (n = 202) and 237 +/- 45 lb for men (n = 50). Patients completing 6 months in the program lost an average of 19.0 +/- 4.0 lb for women (n = 94) and 15.5 +/- 8.2 lb for men (n = 26). Physicians reported a high degree of satisfaction with the program, suggesting that a brief, effective physician-directed program with nutritionist support by telephone can be implemented in a busy primary care office.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bowerman
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of California Los Angeles, 90095-1742, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The intake of 400-600 g/d of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced incidence of many common forms of cancer. These foods contain phytochemicals that can modulate gene expression to inhibit carcinogenesis via multiple pathways. Many phytochemicals are colorful, providing an easy way to communicate increased diversity of fruits and vegetables to the public. Red foods contain lycopene, the pigment in tomatoes, which is localized in the prostate gland and may be involved in maintaining prostate health. Yellow-green vegetables, such as corn and leafy greens, contain lutein and zeaxanthin, which are localized in the retina where age-related macular degeneration occurs. Red-purple foods contain anthocyanins, which are powerful antioxidants found in red apples, grapes, berries and wine. Orange foods, including carrots, mangos, apricots, pumpkin and winter squash, contain beta-carotene. Orange-yellow foods, including oranges, tangerines and lemons contain citrus flavonoids. Green foods, including broccoli, Brussels sprouts and kale, contain glucosinolates. White-green foods in the onion family contain allyl sulfides. Consumers are advised to ingest one serving of each of the above groups daily, putting this recommendation within the National Cancer Institute and American Institute for Cancer Research guidelines of five to nine servings per day. The color code provides simplification, but it is also important as a way to help consumers to find common fruits and vegetables easily while traveling, eating in restaurants or working. At home, simple ways of preparing foods rapidly and easily are needed to influence dietary patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Heber
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yip I, Go VL, DeShields S, Saltsman P, Bellman M, Thames G, Murray S, Wang HJ, Elashoff R, Heber D. Liquid meal replacements and glycemic control in obese type 2 diabetes patients. Obes Res 2001; 9 Suppl 4:341S-347S. [PMID: 11707563 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2001.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although weight management is an important component in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, there has been concern about the use of liquid meal replacements (MRs) in treating obese patients with type 2 diabetes because of the sugar content of the MRs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of using MRs for weight loss in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Seventy-five subjects with type 2 diabetes, treated only with oral agents, were recruited for this 12-week clinical study. Subjects were randomized into three groups using either a MR containing lactose, fructose, and sucrose, a MR in which fructose and sucrose were replaced with oligosaccharides (sugar-free Slim-Fast), or an exchange diet plan (EDP) using the proportion of macronutrients recommended by the American Diabetes Association. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients (41 MR and 16 EDP) finished the study. None developed serious adverse effects, including major hypoglycemic reactions. Weight losses in the MR 1 and MR 2 groups were comparable (6.4% and 6.7%, respectively) and greater than the weight loss in the EDP group (4.9%). Fasting glucose level was significantly reduced in the MR group compared with the EDP group (p = 0.012). There was a significant reduction in the MR group in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol that was not seen in the EDP group. DISCUSSION We have shown that liquid MRs are a safe and effective weight loss tool for obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, and can result in improvements in body weight, glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c and lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Yip
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1742, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tymchuk CN, Barnard RJ, Heber D, Aronson WJ. Evidence of an inhibitory effect of diet and exercise on prostate cancer cell growth. J Urol 2001; 166:1185-9. [PMID: 11490320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A high fat diet and sedentary lifestyle may predispose men to prostate cancer through effects on serum factors such as hormones. We evaluated the effects of a low fat, high fiber diet and exercise intervention on serum stimulated growth of established prostate cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fasting serum was obtained from 13 overweight men before and after undergoing an 11-day low fat, high fiber diet and exercise intervention. Serum was also obtained from 8 men who had complied with the regimen for a mean of 14.2 years. Hormone dependent LNCaP and independent PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines were grown in culture medium containing 10% of subject pre-intervention or post-intervention serum and viable cells were counted after 48 hours. Anthropometry, serum free testosterone, lipids and glucose were measured in all subjects. RESULTS Post-intervention serum from each of the 11-day intervention subjects reduced LNCaP cell growth by a mean of 30% compared with pre-intervention serum from each (p <0.01). LNCaP cell growth in serum from long-term subjects was 15% below that of post-intervention serum (p <0.01). There was no difference in the growth of PC-3 cells when cultured with serum from either intervention group. Serum free testosterone, body weight, glucose and lipids were significantly reduced in 11-day subjects. CONCLUSIONS A low fat, high fiber diet and exercise intervention resulted in serum changes that significantly reduced the growth of androgen responsive LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C N Tymchuk
- Department of Physiological Science, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Aronson WJ, Glaspy JA, Reddy ST, Reese D, Heber D, Bagga D. Modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated ratios with dietary fish oils in men with prostate cancer. Urology 2001; 58:283-8. [PMID: 11489728 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(01)01116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The results of epidemiologic and animal studies support the role of a low-fat diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids contained in fish oil in preventing the development and progression of prostate cancer. As a first step in studying the role of a low-fat, fish oil-supplemented (LF/FOS) diet in a clinical setting, we conducted a prospective study in men with untreated prostate cancer to evaluate whether a 3-month dietary intervention affects the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in plasma and gluteal fat. In addition, we evaluated the feasibility of studying cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in serial prostate needle biopsy specimens before and after the diet. METHODS Nine men with untreated prostate cancer consumed an LF/FOS diet for 3 months. Plasma, gluteal adipose tissue, and prostate needle biopsy specimens were obtained from each patient before and after the intervention. The fatty acid compositions of the plasma and gluteal adipose tissue were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, and the COX-2 expression in the prostatic tissue specimens was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Short-term intervention with an LF/FOS diet caused a significant increase in the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio in plasma (P = 0.002) and gluteal adipose tissue (P = 0.002) in men with prostate cancer. The COX-2 expression in prostatic tissue was quantitated by RT-PCR in 7 of 9 patients, and COX-2 expression decreased in 4 of these 7 patients. CONCLUSIONS A short-term dietary intervention in men with prostate cancer leads to a significant increase in the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratios in plasma and adipose tissue. The potential for this diet to prevent the development and progression of prostate cancer by way of altered COX-2 expression and prostaglandin production in prostatic tissue requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J Aronson
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1738, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relation between insulin-leptin-visceral fat axis during weight loss has not been studied previously. AIMS To evaluate the insulin, leptin, and abdominal adiposity relation during weight loss in patients with upper body obesity. METHODOLOGY Twenty volunteers (7 men, 13 women) with mean age 50.6+/-6.3 (SD) and upper body obesity (weight 105.4+/-12.3 kg, BMI 35.9+/-2.5 kg/m2) were recruited. Participants were enrolled in a one-arm clinical study using a calorie-deficient diet and an escalating dose regimen of sibutramine, starting with 5 mg daily and increasing in 5-mg increments to 20 mg per day. Body weight, insulin, leptin, glucose, lipids, abdominal computed tomography (CT), and total body electrical conductance (TOBEC) were measured serially at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24. RESULTS Eighteen patients completed the 6-month study: one man and one woman discontinued because of adverse events. With diet and sibutramine, body weight was significantly and continuously reduced throughout the 6-month study. There was a 16.0% (p = 0.0001) reduction in body weight (p < 0.001) and 22.5% (p = 0.0001) decrease in total body fat mass. Abdominal CT scans showed a 28.3% (p = 0.0001) reduction in total abdominal fat, a 26.0% (p = 0.0001) reduction in subcutaneous fat (p < 0.001), and a 31.0% (p = 0.0003) reduction in visceral fat (p < 0.001). There was a 32.0% (p = 0.0008) reduction in leptin levels and 37.9% (p = 0.0001) reduction in insulin levels between baseline and week 4, but no further significant reduction in leptin and insulin levels was observed for the duration of the study. There was a significant correlation between insulin and leptin concentrations throughout the study (p = 0.0001). Leptin was presented as a function of insulin measured at the same time. Significant associations between visceral abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat, and leptin were also observed. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that leptin and insulin were related in weight loss. The data suggest that insulin may act as a strong regulator of leptin secretion during weight loss and that circulating leptin levels can be predicted by insulin level. Using sibutramine in conjunction with hypocaloric diet reduced body weight and decreased fat mass significantly. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat depots were shown to decrease. Whether sibutramine exerts any selective reduction of visceral abdominal fat as opposed to total body fat mass will require further clinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Yip
- Center for Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 90095-1742, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lu QY, Hung JC, Heber D, Go VL, Reuter VE, Cordon-Cardo C, Scher HI, Marshall JR, Zhang ZF. Inverse associations between plasma lycopene and other carotenoids and prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001; 10:749-56. [PMID: 11440960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dietary intake of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene has been reported to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, few studies have been done on the relationship between plasma lycopene and other carotenoids and prostate cancer. This case-control study was conducted to investigate the effects of plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, and retinol, as well as alpha- and gamma-tocopherols on the risk of prostate cancer. The study included 65 patients with prostate cancer and 132 cancer-free controls; all of them were interviewed using a standard epidemiological questionnaire at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1993 to 1997. Plasma levels of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. An unconditional logistic regression model was used in bivariate and multivariate analyses using Statistical Analysis System (SAS). After adjusting for age, race, years of education, daily caloric intake, pack-years of smoking, alcohol consumption, and family history of prostate cancer, significantly inverse associations with prostate cancer were observed with plasma concentrations of the following carotenoids: lycopene [odds ratio (OR), 0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04-0.78; P for trend, 0.0052] and zeaxanthin (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.83; P for trend, 0.0028) when comparing highest with lowest quartiles. Borderline associations were found for lutein (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.09-1.03; P for trend, 0.0064) and beta-cryptoxanthin (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.08-1.24; P for trend, 0.0666). No obvious associations were found for alpha- and beta-carotenes, retinol, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherols. Our study confirmed the inverse associations between lycopene, other carotenoids such as zeaxanthin, lutein, and beta-cryptoxanthin, and prostate cancer. This study provides justification for further research on the associations between lycopene and other antioxidants and the risk of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Lu
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Otter K, Mignat C, Heber D, Ziegler A. Pharmacokinetics of morphine 3-esters after oral administration in rabbits. Pharmazie 2001; 56:471-4. [PMID: 11446167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of three morphine 3-esters-3-(2,2-dimethylvaleroyl) morphine (A), 3-(2-phenylbenzoyl) morphine (B), and 3-(2,2-diphenylpropionyl) morphine (C) was characterized after single oral administration in rabbits. Blood was sampled up to 24 h and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) was collected with the last blood sample. The concentration of the morphine 3-esters, morphine, morphine 3-glucuronide and morphine 6-glucuronide were determined in plasma and CSF using HPLC UV-detection. The morphine 3-esters were suggested to be a subject to marked presystemic elimination, since, in comparison to the administration of the un-esterified morphine, relatively low concentrations of morphine and morphine glucuronides were detected in plasma. The rate of disposition of morphine was dependent on the hydrolytic stability of the esters. The mean (+/- S.E.) plasma half-life of morphine was 0.9 +/- 0.2 h, 2.5 +/- 0.6 h and 3.5 +/- 3.5 h after the administration of A, B and C, respectively, compared to 0.9 +/- 0.2 h as estimated after the administration of non-esterified morphine. An analgesic effect will be achieved, since morphine was detected in CSF even 24 h after the application of the ester pro-drugs. It is concluded that esterification at the 3-position may be adapted to obtain sustained plasma levels of morphine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Otter
- Department of Pharmacology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Heber D, Lembertas A, Lu QY, Bowerman S, Go VL. An analysis of nine proprietary Chinese red yeast rice dietary supplements: implications of variability in chemical profile and contents. J Altern Complement Med 2001; 7:133-9. [PMID: 11327519 DOI: 10.1089/107555301750164181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some strains of Chinese red yeast rice, when prepared by solid fermentation, produce compounds called monacolins that inhibit cholesterol production. When used as a dietary supplement to achieve and maintain healthy cholesterol levels, Chinese red yeast rice has significant potential to reduce health care costs and contribute to public health by reducing heart disease risk in individuals with moderate elevations of circulating cholesterol levels. Whereas one proprietary strain of Chinese red yeast rice has been demonstrated to lower cholesterol levels significantly in clinical trials, other strains being sold as Chinese red yeast rice dietary supplements have not undergone similar evaluation. In order to determine whether the results of a clinical trial conducted with one strain of Chinese red yeast rice could be generalized to other preparations of Chinese red yeast rice, nine different commercially available dietary supplements were purchased tested for chemical constituents. DESIGN Monacolins were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that separates the various monacolins in Chinese red yeast rice. Citrinin concentration, a toxic fermentation byproduct, was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Total monacolin content varied from 0% to 0.58% w/w and only 1 of 9 preparations had the full complement of 10 monacolin compounds. Citrinin was found at measurable concentrations in 7 of the 9 preparations. CONCLUSIONS The findings from clinical trials demonstrating significant and clinically relevant cholesterol reduction using a defined Chinese red yeast rice preparation containing 10 different monacolins cannot be generalized to preparations that do not contain the same levels and profile of monacolins. Standardized manufacturing practices should be established for Chinese red yeast rice sold as a dietary supplement in order ensure equivalence of content of active ingredients in preparations being sold to the public and to limit the production of unwanted byproducts of fermentation such as citrinin. In common with other botanical dietary supplements, the full potential of this product will not be realized until standards for production and labeling of Chinese red yeast rice are further developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Heber
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1742, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kim EJ, Hänsel W, Heber D. Vilsmeier formylation of praziquantel: synthesis and application for polarographic assay. Pharmazie 2001; 56:146-9. [PMID: 11234342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method for the polarographic determination of praziquantel (1) after derivatization using Vilsmeier formylation is described. The polarographically active compound obtained by this procedure has been separated, identified and prepared using N,N-dimethylformamide and phosphorus oxychloride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Kim
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Kiel, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Affiliation(s)
- V L Go
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that atherosclerosis is a complex multicellular process involving oxidation of cholesterol and the intracellular accumulation of oxidized cholesterol. This accumulation causes a cascade of inflammatory processes, resulting in an unstable atherosclerotic plaque that ultimately bursts, causing myocardial infarction. Botanical dietary supplements (herbs) can ameliorate this process and prevent cardiovascular disease at many steps in the process. Many herbs have antioxidant activity and can reduce low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Some phytosterols found in botanicals can inhibit cholesterol absorption. After a brief review of herbs being promoted for achieving and maintaining healthy cholesterol levels, the evidence and future prospects for Chinese red yeast rice, the main component of dietary supplements with HMG-CoA reductase inhibiting activity, are discussed in detail. Initial phase II clinical trials are highly encouraging. This herb is likely to be able to directly impact the process of atherosclerosis, but large-scale clinical trials are needed to assess the public health potential of this herbal supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles, 900 Veteran Avenue, Room 12-217, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Otter K, Mignat C, Heber D, Ziegler A. Determination of morphine 3-esters in rabbit plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2000; 14:327-32. [PMID: 10960833 DOI: 10.1002/1099-0801(200008)14:5<327::aid-bmc991>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitation of the morphine 3-esters 1[3-(2, 2-dimethylvaleroyl)-morphine (A), 3-(2-phenylbenzoyl)-morphine (B) and 3-(2,2-diphenylpropionyl)-morphine (C)] in rabbit plasma is described. Sample preparation was based on reversed-phase solid-phase extraction. The compounds were separated on C(18) reversed-phase analytical columns and then determined by ultraviolet detection. The recovery from plasma was 78.7 +/- 7.4%, 69.1 +/- 6.9% and 75 +/- 7.2% (mean +/- SD) for A, B, and C, respectively. The present method enabled the detection limit of 0.2, 0.2 and 0.1 ng and quantification limit of 20, 10 and 10 ng/ml for A, B and C, respectively. The developed method was used for determination of the plasmakinetics of these morphine 3-esters in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Otter
- Department of Pharmacology, Christian-Albrechts University, Hospitalstrasse 4, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The incorporation of pharmacotherapy into the comprehensive office-based management of obesity can improve outcomes significantly for patients meeting specific clinical guidelines in whom diet and lifestyle change alone is not successful. With an improved understanding of the mechanisms of action of various pharmacotherapies, it becomes possible for the primary care physician to help obese patients select successful therapeutic approaches and strategies. Some agents work primarily on central nervous system mechanisms related to satiety, while other agents affect metabolism and absorption of nutrients. It is of critical importance not to use pharmacotherapy alone, but rather combined with an aggressive program of diet and lifestyle change. The temptation of patients to find a magic pill that will close the refrigerator door is not likely to lead to a successful result. By gearing patients' expectations to realistic and achievable weight-loss goals, practitioners can reduce the risks of comorbid diseases, enhance ongoing treatment of existing comorbidities, and improve the overall quality of life for the obese patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Heber
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, USA
| |
Collapse
|