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Bugaytsova JA, Moonens K, Piddubnyi A, Schmidt A, Edlund JO, Lisiutin G, Brännström K, Chernov YA, Thorel K, Tkachenko I, Sharova O, Vikhrova I, Butsyk A, Shubin P, Chyzhma R, Johansson DX, Marcotte H, Sjöström R, Shevtsova A, Bylund G, Rakhimova L, Lundquist A, Berhilevych O, Kasianchuk V, Loboda A, Ivanytsia V, Hultenby K, Persson MAA, Gomes J, Matos R, Gartner F, Reis CA, Whitmire JM, Merrell DS, Pan-Hammarström Q, Landström M, Oscarson S, D’Elios MM, Agreus L, Ronkainen J, Aro P, Engstrand L, Graham DY, Kachkovska V, Mukhopadhyay A, Chaudhuri S, Karmakar BC, Paul S, Kravets O, Camorlinga M, Torres J, Berg DE, Moskalenko R, Haas R, Remaut H, Hammarström L, Borén T. Helicobacter pylori attachment-blocking antibodies protect against duodenal ulcer disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.24.542096. [PMID: 37292721 PMCID: PMC10245814 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.542096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the world population carry the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Fortunately, most individuals experience only low-grade or no symptoms, but in many cases the chronic inflammatory infection develops into severe gastric disease, including duodenal ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Here we report on a protective mechanism where H. pylori attachment and accompanying chronic mucosal inflammation can be reduced by antibodies that are present in a vast majority of H. pylori carriers. These antibodies block binding of the H. pylori attachment protein BabA by mimicking BabA's binding to the ABO blood group glycans in the gastric mucosa. However, many individuals demonstrate low titers of BabA blocking antibodies, which is associated with an increased risk for duodenal ulceration, suggesting a role for these antibodies in preventing gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanna A. Bugaytsova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- SUMEYA, The Ukrainian-Swedish Research Center, Sumy State University, 40022 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Kristof Moonens
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Department of Structural Biology, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Present address: Ablynx, a Sanofi Company, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Artem Piddubnyi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- SUMEYA, The Ukrainian-Swedish Research Center, Sumy State University, 40022 Sumy, Ukraine
- Department of Pathology, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Alexej Schmidt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, SE14186 Huddinge, Sweden
- Present address: Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Olofsson Edlund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- The Biochemical Imaging Center Umeå (BICU), Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gennadii Lisiutin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Odesa Mechnikov National University, 65082 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Kristoffer Brännström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- The Biochemical Imaging Center Umeå (BICU), Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Present address: Pfizer Worldwide R&D, BioMedicine Design, 10 555 Science Center Drive, San Diego CA, 92121 USA
| | - Yevgen A. Chernov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Thorel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Iryna Tkachenko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandra Sharova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Vikhrova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Anna Butsyk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Shubin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Ruslana Chyzhma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- SUMEYA, The Ukrainian-Swedish Research Center, Sumy State University, 40022 Sumy, Ukraine
- Department of Pathology, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Daniel X. Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet at Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harold Marcotte
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, SE14186 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rolf Sjöström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Shevtsova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Bylund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lena Rakhimova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Present address: Department of Odontology, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oleksandra Berhilevych
- Department of Public Health, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Victoria Kasianchuk
- Department of Public Health, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Loboda
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Ivanytsia
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Odesa Mechnikov National University, 65082 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, SE14186 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mats A. A. Persson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet at Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana Gomes
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Matos
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gartner
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A. Reis
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - D. Scott Merrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Present address: Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mario M. D’Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lars Agreus
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, SE14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Health Research and Primary Health Care Center, Tornio Finland
| | - Pertti Aro
- University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Health Research and Primary Health Care Center, Tornio Finland
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Present address: Science for Life Laboratory, SE17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Y. Graham
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, 2002 Holcombe Blvd. Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Vladyslava Kachkovska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Asish Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases P 33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Sujit Chaudhuri
- Department of Gastroenterology, AMRI Hospital, Salt Lake City. Kolkata, West Bengal 700098, India
| | - Bipul Chandra Karmakar
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases P 33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Sangita Paul
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases P 33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Oleksandr Kravets
- Department of Surgery, Traumatology, Orthopedics and Physiology, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Margarita Camorlinga
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatria, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatria, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Douglas E. Berg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roman Moskalenko
- SUMEYA, The Ukrainian-Swedish Research Center, Sumy State University, 40022 Sumy, Ukraine
- Department of Pathology, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Rainer Haas
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Department of Structural Biology, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Thomas Borén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- SUMEYA, The Ukrainian-Swedish Research Center, Sumy State University, 40022 Sumy, Ukraine
- Lead contact
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Hogg M, Osterman P, Bylund G, Ganai R, Lundström EB, Sauer-Eriksson E, Johansson E. Structural basis for processive DNA synthesis by yeast DNA polymerase ε. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s205327331409799x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) is a high-fidelity polymerase that participates in leading-strand synthesis during eukaryotic DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. The 2.2 Å ternary structure of the 142 kDa catalytic core of Pol ε from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in complex with DNA and an incoming nucleotide has recently been determined [1]. The structure provides information about the selection of the correct nucleotide and the positions of amino acids that might be critical for proofreading activity. Pol ε has the highest fidelity among B-family polymerases despite the absence of an extended β-hairpin loop that is required for high-fidelity replication by other B-family polymerases. Moreover, the catalytic core has a new domain (i.e. the P-domain) that allows Pol ε to encircle the nascent double-stranded DNA and enhance processifivity of the polymerase. The structure provides valuable insights into the similarities and differences between Pol ε and other B-family polymerases, and suggests possible mechanisms responsible for the high processivity and fidelity of Pol ε.
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Fei Y, Schmidt A, Bylund G, Johansson D, Henriksson S, Lebrilla C, Solnick J, Borén T, Zhu X. Use of real-time, label-free analysis in revealing low-affinity binding to blood group antigens by Helicobacter pylori. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6336-41. [PMID: 21721569 PMCID: PMC3155641 DOI: 10.1021/ac201260c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are often initiated by microbial adherence that is mediated by the binding of attachment molecules, termed adhesins, to cell surface receptors on host cells. We present an experimental system, oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OI-RD) microscopy, which allows the detection of novel, low-affinity microbial attachment mechanisms that may be essential for infectious processes. OI-RD microscopy was used to analyze direct binding of the oncopathogen, Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) to immobilized glycoconjugates in real time with no need for labeling tags. The results suggest the presence of additional Lewis b blood group antigen (Le(b)) binding adhesins that have not been detected previously. OI-RD microscopy also confirmed the high-affinity binding of H. pylori outer-membrane protein BabA to Le(b). The OI-RD microscopy method is broadly applicable to real-time characterization of intact microbial binding to host receptors and offers new strategies to elucidate the molecular interactions of infectious agents with human host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.Y. Fei
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - A. Schmidt
- Helicure AB, c/o Umeå Biotech Incubator, Box 7997, Umeå, Sweden
| | - G. Bylund
- Helicure AB, c/o Umeå Biotech Incubator, Box 7997, Umeå, Sweden
| | - D.X. Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - S. Henriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - C. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J.V. Solnick
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - T. Borén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Helicure AB, c/o Umeå Biotech Incubator, Box 7997, Umeå, Sweden
| | - X.D. Zhu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Bylund G, Gee DG, Gorbatschev R, Ramberg H, Stephansson O, Strömberg A, Werner S, Zachrisson E. The Caledonian Research Project (CRP): A Swedish contribution to the International Geodynamics Project (IGP). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/11035897609454352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Bylund
- a Department of Mineralogy and Petrology , Sölvegatan 13, S-223 62 , Lund , Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Bylund
- a Department of Mineralogy and Petrology , Sölvegatan 13, S-223 62 , Lund , Sweden
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Malmström C, Konn M, Bogovski S, Lang T, Lönnström LG, Bylund G. Screening of hydrophobic DNA adducts in flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the Baltic Sea. Chemosphere 2009; 77:1514-9. [PMID: 19846194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neoplasia and other histopathological lesions in flounder (Platichthys flesus) liver have been investigated in several European sea areas, including the Baltic Sea. Several studies have been able to link neoplasm epizootics in fish with the exposure to genotoxins such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The level of hydrophobic DNA adducts in tissue DNA reflects the exposure of the organism to PAHs. Using hydrophobic DNA adduct levels as biomarkers, possible PAH exposure was assessed in flounder from 10 different sites in the Baltic Sea, collected during the years 1995-1997. The results show that the overall levels of hepatic DNA adducts were low and, in general, the chromatograms appeared clean. The highest levels of DNA adducts were found at two sites in the southern Baltic Sea. There were no statistically significant differences in adduct levels between the sites. Our results indicate that flounder from studied off shore sites of the Baltic Sea had not been exposed to a greater extent to large polycyclic hydrophobic hydrocarbons in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Malmström
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6, FIN-20520 Abo, Finland.
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Wistbacka S, Lönnström LG, Bonsdorff E, Bylund G. Thiaminase activity of crucian carp Carassius carassius injected with a bacterial fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. J Aquat Anim Health 2009; 21:217-28. [PMID: 20218496 DOI: 10.1577/h08-010.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dietary thiaminase I is a cause of thiamine deficiency in animals. The physiological significance of thiaminase in the organisms containing this enzyme is not known, nor are the factors causing variation in their thiaminase activity. Tests were performed to evaluate the effect a pathogen might have on thiaminase activity in fish, when analyzed both with a cosubstrate added (CATA tests) and no cosubstrate added (NCATA tests). Pyridine is known as a cosubstrate specific for thiaminase I activity that does not accelerate thiaminase II activity. Crucian carp Carassius carassius known to harbor thiaminase I activity were injected intramuscularly with live Aeromonas salmonicida, a pathogenic bacterium of fish. For comparison, other groups were injected with formalin-killed bacteria and phosphate-buffered saline, respectively; an untreated group of fish was kept as a control. The bacteria did not contain any thiaminase activity. Significantly higher thiaminase activities (CATA and NCATA) were measured in all tissues (whole blood, injected muscle, uninjected muscle, and whole fish homogenates) of fish injected with live bacteria than in the saline-injected and the uninjected groups. The thiaminase activity of blood and that in the injected, inflamed muscle tissue followed different allocation patterns in fish injected with live A. salmonicida. The amount of thiaminase I enzyme appeared to be elevated in the whole blood of injected fish in the absence of natural cosubstrate(s). The thiaminase activity of the injected, inflamed muscle suggested that both the amount of thiaminase enzyme and some yet-unidentified natural cosubstrate(s) were elevated. This suggests that in addition to the enzyme, some cosubstrate(s) of fish or pathogen origin play a regulatory role in the so-farunknown physiological significance of thiaminase I activity in vivo. It is suggested that the health of fish should be considered when searching for factor(s) affecting its thiaminase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svante Wistbacka
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6, FIN 20520 Turku/Abo, Finland.
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Matsuura T, Bylund G, Sugane K. Comparison of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of ribosomal DNA between Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense and D. latum. J Helminthol 2009; 66:261-6. [PMID: 1363430 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x00014693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTRestriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were compared between Diphyllobothrium latum and D. nihonkaiense using seven kinds of restriction endonucleases. No intra-specific variation in restriction fragment profiles was shown within both species of Diphyllobothrium. Digestion of the genomic DNA with three endonucleases, Smal, Hinfl and Hhal, provided one or two different bands between two species, although the hybridization patterns generated with the others, Hindlll, Xbal, Styl and Haelll, were the same in both. RFLPs in the digested profiles with Smal, Hinfl and Hhal could be used as species-specific markers even if only fragments of strobilae with morphological similarity were available. Other cestodes, Spirometra erinacei and Taenia saginata, used as controls showed quite different restriction fragment patterns with all the enzymes used.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuura
- Department of Parasitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
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Madetoja J, Lönnström LG, Björkblom C, Uluköy G, Bylund G, Syvertsen C, Gravningen K, Norderhus EA, Wiklund T. Efficacy of injection vaccines against Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 2006; 29:9-20. [PMID: 16351694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficacy of mineral oil-based experimental injection vaccines against Flavobacterium psychrophilum were tested in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), under laboratory and field conditions. The vaccines consisted of formalin- or heat-inactivated whole bacterium cell preparations of two different serotypes (Fd and Th) or a combination of serologically different F. psychrophilum (Fd and/or Th and/or Fp(T);Th). Specific antibody responses against the bacterium in plasma and skin mucus were evaluated post-vaccination with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Efficacy of the vaccinations was determined by challenge trials to F. psychrophilum with the vaccinated rainbow trout. Significantly higher antibody levels in plasma were detected in vaccinated fish compared with mock-vaccinated fish. Injection vaccination did not trigger specific antibody production in the skin mucus. Significantly higher survival of i.p. vaccinated fish compared with non-vaccinated fish was observed during the challenge. The results suggest that mineral oil-based injectable vaccines containing formalin- or heat-inactivated virulent cells of F. psychrophilum effectively triggered specific antibody production and protected the fish against bacterial cold water disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Madetoja
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, Abo, Finland.
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Kankaanpää H, Turunen AK, Karlsson K, Bylund G, Meriluoto J, Sipiä V. Heterogeneity of nodularin bioaccumulation in northern Baltic Sea flounders in 2002. Chemosphere 2005; 59:1091-1097. [PMID: 15833482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial hepatotoxin nodularin is abundantly produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea during July-August. Nodularin is a potent hepatotoxin and a tumour promoter, distributed in various Baltic Sea environmental compartments, especially food webs involving mussels. Flounders receive nodularin through consumption of blue mussels. In this study nodularin concentrations in individual flounders (liver) were examined between July and September 2002 (six sample sets, four to 10 samples/set), providing information about contribution of sampling on estimates of bioaccumulation intensity. Toxin was determined using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, liver histopathology was examined. Observed toxin concentrations were ND-390 microg kg(-1) dw (LC/MS) and 20-2230 microg kg(-1) dw (ELISA), with maximum concentrations in September (ELISA). The ELISA protocol generally resulted in higher, up to approximately 10-fold, toxin concentrations than LC/MS, with increasing difference toward September. This difference may have originated from different extraction solvents in LC/MS and ELISA, ion suppression in LC/MS, and temporal increase in nodularin metabolites detectable with ELISA. The differences in toxin concentrations between individual liver samples were considerable with relative standard deviation values of 20-154% (LC/MS) and 28-106% (ELISA). Since the precision of the ELISA method employed was <25% and that of LC/MS <10%, it can be concluded that the largest source of error in bioaccumulation estimates may be an inadequate number of samples. Although there were tissue lesions in several liver samples, occurrence of lesions was not related to toxin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kankaanpää
- Finnish Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 33, FIN-00931 Helsinki, Finland.
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Malmström CM, Koponen K, Lindström-Seppä P, Bylund G. Induction and localization of hepatic CYP4501A in flounder and rainbow trout exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2004; 58:365-372. [PMID: 15223261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2002] [Revised: 11/12/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hepatic detoxification system in Baltic flounder and rainbow trout was characterized under experimental conditions. Fish were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 10 and 50mg/kg, ip) or vehicle for 2, 5, and 10 days (in rainbow trout also for 20 days) and then sacrificed. Control fish were sampled at days 0 and 10 (flounder) or day 20 (rainbow trout). The hepatic distribution of CYP1A was analyzed immunohistochemically and microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity was determined spectrophotometrically. The kinetics of the CYP1A responses (EROD) was similar in both species, while a species-specific difference in the magnitude of the response was observed. CYP1A was demonstrated in the hepatocytes in both fish species 2 days after BaP administration and throughout the experiment. In rainbow trout a CYP1A response in the vascular endothelium of liver parenchyma was detected 2 days postadministration, while the corresponding reaction in flounder was seen 5 days postadministration. Thus, our results confirm previous reports that the CYP1A response is species specific. Furthermore, the induction of hepatic CYP1A in Baltic flounder reflects pathophysiological effects induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and, consequently, is a parameter useful when monitoring the anthropogenic effects on the Baltic Sea environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Malmström
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, FIN-20520 Abo, Finland.
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16
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Nikoskelainen S, Bylund G, Lilius EM. Effect of environmental temperature on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) innate immunity. Dev Comp Immunol 2004; 28:581-592. [PMID: 15177112 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2003] [Revised: 07/29/2003] [Accepted: 10/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis, complement lytic activity and opsonization capacity of rainbow trout plasma as well as the ability of phagocytes to recognize foreign particles were studied at different temperatures. Respiratory burst (RB) activity and opsonization capacity were assessed as chemiluminescence emission from diluted whole blood of fish which were acclimatized for 57 days at temperatures between 5 and 20 degrees C. RB activity was higher at higher acclimatization and in vitro assay temperatures. The peak time of RB was significantly delayed in fish kept at lower temperatures (5-10 degrees C) as compared to fish kept at 15 or 20 degrees C temperatures. Opsonization capacity of plasma decreased in fish acclimatized at low temperatures and was also affected by in vitro assay temperature. The importance of glucan receptors in RB activity increased in fish kept at higher temperatures and was also affected by the in vitro assay temperature. The higher acclimation temperatures increased the lytic activity of both total and alternative complement pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Nikoskelainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
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17
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Christianson-Heiska I, Wahteristo P, Kastilan EL, Bergelin E, Bylund G, Isomaa B. Effects of the wood extractive betulinol and 17beta-oestradiol on reproduction in zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton)--complications due to a bacterial infection. J Fish Dis 2004; 27:267-276. [PMID: 15139905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish were exposed to the wood extractive betulinol (5 microg L(-1)) and to 17beta-oestradiol (E2, 0.27 microg L(-1)) for 8 weeks in an attempt to study the possible endocrine-disrupting activity of betulinol. Females exposed to betulinol showed increased spawning intensity, while males exposed to betulinol and E2 had increased incidences of structural alterations in the testes. However, histological examination of the fish revealed that they were infected by acid-fast bacteria suspected to be Mycobacterium sp. despite a careful examination of their health state prior to the onset of the experiment. Fish exposed to betulinol and E2 showed more serious consequences of the bacterial infection than control fish indicating that the test chemicals had weakened the immune defence of the fish. When the exposure was repeated with healthy fish, an increase in the proportion of spermatogonia was seen in the testes of betulinol-treated males. A similar alteration, although not statistically significant, was also seen in the first experiment. However, no increase in the incidences of structural alterations in the testes was seen in betulinol- and E2-treated fish in the second experiment. Our study indicates that betulinol might have an endocrine-disrupting effect in zebrafish, but the increase in incidences of structural alterations in the testes might have been caused by a synergistic action between the test compounds and the bacterial infection. Our study stresses the importance of carefully checking the health of experimental fish, not only prior to the onset of an experiment but also upon termination of the experiment, in order to avoid misinterpretation of the results.
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18
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Nikoskelainen S, Ouwehand AC, Bylund G, Salminen S, Lilius EM. Immune enhancement in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by potential probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2003; 15:443-452. [PMID: 14550670 DOI: 10.1016/s1050-4648(03)00023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the immune enhancement of fish by a lactic acid bacterium (LAB) Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103). The bacterium was administered orally at five different doses 7.9 x 10(4) (LAB4), 2.1 x 10(6) (LAB6), 2.8 x 10(8) (LAB8), 1.9 x 10(10) (LAB10) and 9.7 x 10(10) (LAB11) CFU/g feed to rainbow trout for two weeks and the feed was changed to un-supplemented diet. From the onset of feeding supplemented diets at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, blood and mucus samples were taken. During the LAB feeding period L. rhamnosus persisted in the fish intestine and in the tank water in high numbers. However, L. rhamnosus disappeared from the intestine, skin mucus and tank water within one week after the change to the non-supplemented feed. In comparison to untreated control fish, respiratory burst activity of blood cells was raised significantly in the LAB4 treated group on week 2. Serum-mediated killing of Escherichia coli was increased significantly in group LAB6 on week 2. Serum immunoglobulin levels were significantly raised only in LAB8 group on week 1 and in LAB4 and LAB8 at the end of the trial. The results show that rainbow trout immune parameters were enhanced by using probiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Nikoskelainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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19
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Pellinen T, Bylund G, Virta M, Niemi A, Karp M. Detection of traces of tetracyclines from fish with a bioluminescent sensor strain incorporating bacterial luciferase reporter genes. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:4812-4815. [PMID: 12166964 DOI: 10.1021/jf020402l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescent Escherichia coli K-12 strain for the specific detection of the tetracycline family of antimicrobial agents was optimized to work with fish samples. The biosensing strain contains a plasmid incorporating the bacterial luciferase operon of Photorhabdus luminescens under the control of the tetracycline responsive element from transposon Tn10 (Korpela et al. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 4457-4462). The extraction procedure of oxytetracycline from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissue was optimized. There was neither need for centrifugation of homogenized tissue nor use of organic solvents. The lowest levels of detection of tetracycline and oxytetracycline from spiked fish tissue were 20 and 50 microg/kg, respectively, in a 2-h assay. The optimized assay protocol was tested with fish that were given a single oral dose of high and low concentrations of oxytetracycline. The assay was able to detect oxytetracycline residues below the European Union maximum residue limits, and the results correlated well with those obtained by conventional HPLC (R = 0.81).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teijo Pellinen
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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20
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Abstract
A combination of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim at a ratio of 5:1 (SDZ/TMP) was tested for possible immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the study was to follow the immune response after vaccination with simultaneous drug treatment. The fish were immunised with a commercial oil-based divalent (furunculosis/vibriosis) vaccine and were simultaneously given oral drug treatment. The specific immune response was monitored by analysing the levels of specific antibodies with ELISA. As indicators of the nonspecific immune response, the lysozyme activity of serum was measured and the phagocytic activity of circulating leucocytes was monitored by a chemiluminescence assay. Total circulating leucocyte counts and differentials were also monitored. The disease resistance was evaluated by challenge tests at the end of the experiment. The results indicate that SDZ/TMP at a ratio of 5:1 does not interfere negatively with the immune response in rainbow trout after vaccination. A slight stimulation in the antibody response as well as in the chemiluminescence response of circulating granulocytes was recorded in fish treated with the drugs in connection with vaccination. The drugs did not significantly affect the survival after challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Lundén
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Biology-Biocity, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, FIN-20520, Abo/Turku, Finland.
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21
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Nikoskelainen S, Salminen S, Bylund G, Ouwehand AC. Characterization of the properties of human- and dairy-derived probiotics for prevention of infectious diseases in fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:2430-5. [PMID: 11375147 PMCID: PMC92891 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.6.2430-2435.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential probiotic properties of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) intended for human use, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. rhamnosus LC 705, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, and Lactobacillus johnsonii La1, and one for animal use, Enterococcus faecium Tehobak, for use as a fish probiotic. The strains for human use were specifically chosen since they are known to be safe for human use, which is of major importance because the fish are meant for human consumption. The selection was carried out by five different methods: mucosal adhesion, mucosal penetration, inhibition of pathogen growth and adhesion, and resistance to fish bile. The adhesion abilities of the seven LAB and three fish pathogens, Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Flavobacterium psychrophilum, were determined to mucus from five different sites on the surface or in the gut of rainbow trout. Five of the tested LAB strains showed considerable adhesion to different fish mucus types (14 to 26% of the added bacteria). Despite their adhesive character, the LAB strains were not able to inhibit the mucus binding of A. salmonicida. Coculture experiments showed significant inhibition of growth of A. salmonicida, which was mediated by competition for nutrients rather than secretion of inhibitory substances by the probiotic bacteria as measured in spent culture liquid. All LAB except L. casei Shirota showed tolerance against fish bile. L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and L. bulgaricus were found to penetrate fish mucus better than other probiotic bacteria. Based on bile resistance, mucus adhesion, mucus penetration, and suppression of fish pathogen growth, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and L. bulgaricus can be considered for future in vivo challenge studies in fish as a novel and safe treatment in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nikoskelainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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22
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Lundén T, Bylund G. The influence of in vitro and in vivo exposure to antibiotics on mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphoid cells in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2000; 10:395-404. [PMID: 10994585 DOI: 10.1006/fsim.1999.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The influence of five different antimicrobial drugs on mitogen-induced lymphoid cell proliferation in vitro and after oral administration of the drugs was studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The drugs tested were: oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, florfenicol and trimethoprim in combination with sulfadiazine in ratio 1:5. In the in vitro tests, trimethoprim:sulfadiazine increased the 3H-thymidine incorporation into the DNA of phytohaemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lymphoid cells while all the other drugs tested interfered negatively with the incorporation in a dose dependent manner. In the experiment with oral drug administration, the fish were fed 10 days with a therapeutic dose of the drugs. After the drug treatment, lymphoid cells were isolated from the head kidney of the fish and tested for proliferating capacity. All drugs except trimethoprim+sulfadiazine, suppressed the mitogenic response of the head kidney cells. The suppression of the response was more severe in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated than in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells indicating that the T-cells were more vulnerable to the toxic effects of the drugs than B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lundén
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, BioCity, Finland.
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23
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Malmström CM, Miettinen S, Bylund G. DNA adducts in liver and leukocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus) experimentally exposed to benzo. Aquat Toxicol 2000; 48:177-184. [PMID: 10686324 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(99)00033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the levels of hydrophobic DNA adducts detected by 32P-postlabelling were followed in liver and leukocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus) over 10 days following single i.p. injections of two doses of BaP (10 and 50 mg kg(-1) fish weight, respectively). DNA adducts were detected in both tissues of exposed fish 2 days post injection and continued to rise on day 5 and day 10. In flounder exposed to the lower dose of BaP, the levels of hepatic DNA adducts reached higher values on the fifth day compared with flounder exposed to the higher dose. However, at the end of the experiment, the DNA adduct level was again higher in fish from the high dose group compared with the low dose group. There was no substantial increase of DNA adducts in liver of flounder from the low dose group after day 5, while the adduct levels in flounder liver from the high dose group increased throughout the experiment. Earlier studies detecting DNA adducts in BaP-exposed flatfish with the 32P-postlabelling technique have reported declining adduct levels from about 2 days after the exposure, regardless of exposure route. In contrast, the results from our study did not confirm a rapid increase and successive decline of hydrophobic adducts in liver of BaP-exposed flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- CM Malmström
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6, FIN-20520, Åbo, Finland
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24
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Lundén T, Miettinen S, Lönnström LG, Lilius EM, Bylund G. Effect of florfenicol on the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999; 67:317-25. [PMID: 10206200 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Florfenicol, a drug effective against several bacterial diseases of fish, was tested for possible immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the study was to follow the kinetics of the immune response after vaccination with simultaneous oral antibiotic treatment. The fish were immunised with a commercial oil-based divalent (furunculosis/vibriosis) vaccine and were simultaneously given oral antibiotic treatment. The specific immune response was monitored by analysing the levels of specific antibodies with ELISA. As an indicator of the non-specific immune response the phagocytic activity of circulating leucocytes was measured by a chemiluminescence assay. Total circulating leucocyte counts and differentials were also monitored. The disease resistance was evaluated by challenge tests at the end of the experiment. The results showed that florfenicol did not have any significant effect on antibody production and circulating leucocyte levels but caused a suppression in chemiluminescence response/phagocytic cell 5-6 weeks after vaccination. The survival after challenge was slightly suppressed by the florfenicol treatment. The RPS-value for the vaccinated group was 98% and for the florfenicol-treated group was 88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lundén
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, BioCity, Finland.
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25
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Bylund G. Does fish health reflect the health of the water environment. Pathophysiology 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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26
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Mellanen P, Petänen T, Lehtimäki J, Mäkelä S, Bylund G, Holmbom B, Mannila E, Oikari A, Santti R. Wood-derived estrogens: studies in vitro with breast cancer cell lines and in vivo in trout. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1996; 136:381-8. [PMID: 8619247 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1996.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The wood-derived compound, beta-sitosterol (purity > 90%), was shown to be estrogenic in fish. It induced the expression of the vitellogenin gene in the liver of juvenile and methyltestosterone-treated rainbow trout. Structural similarities to beta-sitosterol notwithstanding, cholesterol, citrostadienol, beta-sitostanol, and 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol, an estrogenic member of the androstenic steroid group, were inactive. An abietic acid mixture (37% abietic acid, 6% dehydroabietic acid, and a remainder of unknown compounds) showed slight hormonal activity in feed, but it was completely inactive when given intraperitoneally in implants. The estrogenic component of the abietic acid preparation was not identified. In addition, to beta-sitosterol and abietic acid, several other wood-derived compounds including betulin, isorhapontigenin, isorhapontin, and pinosylvin were estrogenic in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 or T-47D). However, betulin and pinosylvin, available in sufficient amounts for in vivo testing, did not induce the expression of the vitellogenin gene. Differences in the primary sequences of human and fish estrogen receptors (hormone as well as DNA-binding regions) or uptake and metabolism of the compounds may explain the discrepancy between the two estrogen bioassays. Wood-derived compounds such as beta-sitosterol, present in pulp and paper mill effluents, may account for the weak estrogenicity of debarking effluent seen at the vitellogenin expression bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mellanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
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27
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Björklund HV, Bylund G. Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Xenobiotica 1991; 21:1511-20. [PMID: 1763525 DOI: 10.3109/00498259109044401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline were studied in rainbow trout at a water temperature of 16 degrees C after intravascular (10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively) and oral (75 mg/kg) dosing. 2. The pharmacokinetics were best described by a two-compartment open model giving distribution half-lives of 0.31 h and 1.53 h, and elimination half-lives of 69.7 h and 60.3 h for oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline, respectively. The respective volumes of distribution (Vdarea) were 1.94 l/kg and 1.34 l/kg. 3. The apparent oral bioavailability for oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline was 13.6% and 5.6%. 4. The plasma protein binding was 27% for oxolinic acid and 55% for oxytetracycline. 5. Both drugs were well tolerated, the acute oral toxicities (LD50) exceeding 4000 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Björklund
- Institute of Parasitology, Abo Akademi University, Finland
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28
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Curtis MA, Bylund G. Diphyllobothriasis: fish tapeworm disease in the circumpolar north. Arctic Med Res 1991; 50:18-24. [PMID: 2021393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although fish tapeworm infections in arctic and subarctic residents are often attributed to the cestode Diphyllobothrium latum, other Diphyllobothrium species are frequently responsible. D. dendriticum, for example, occurs throughout the circumpolar area at high latitudes beyond the range of D. latum. Several additional species are also implicated in human infections in northern communities bordering the Pacific: D. ursi from northern Canada and Alaska, D. dalliae from Alaska and Siberia, and D. klebanovskii from Siberia. Routine diagnosis of diphyllobothriasis by coprology does not allow designation of the Diphyllobothrium species involved as their eggs cannot be differentiated and identification of the proglottids from adult worms requires a taxonomic specialist. On the other hand, relevant information on the Diphyllobothrium species most likely to infect the inhabitants of a particular region can be derived from a knowledge of the fish consumed. Larvae of D. dendriticum occur predominantly in salmonid fishes (e.g. arctic char, salmon, trout, whitefish), and this parasite has never been found in pike and perch, the usual intermediate hosts of D. latum. Conversely, D. latum is rarely found in salmonids. D. ursi and D. klebanovskii predominantly occur in Pacific salmon, and D. dalliae in Alaskan blackfish. Species other than D. latum probably constitute transitory intestinal infections in humans, usually lasting for only a few months. Although many carriers are asymptomatic, overt clinical manifestations of diphyllobothriasis can include diarrhea, epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting. There are no reports of anaemia associated with any of the northern species except D. latum. Effective control for diphyllobothriasis originating from D. latum has been achieved in many areas by a combination of selective drug therapy and improved sewage treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Curtis
- Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald College, McGill University, St-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Abstract
Three-dimensional observation was carried out on plerocercoids and adults of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, D. ditremum, D. latum, and D. vogeli using scanning electron microscopy. The species-specific differences between plerocercoids were recognized in the shapes of the whole body, scolex, and bothrium and the wrinkle pattern on the body surface. The differences between adult worms were also observed in the shapes of the scolex, neck, and genital papillae around the genital pore and the pattern on the egg surface. The significance of species specificity in the three-dimensional morphology of diphyllobothriid cestodes is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamane
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan
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30
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Abstract
The early development of four Diphyllobothrium species, D. latum, D. dendriticum, D. ditremum, and D. vogeli, are described. D. latum sheds the entire larval body easily and shows a high shedding rate of 82.1% on average. On the other hand, D. dendriticum exhibits a different developmental pattern, with a low shedding rate of 8.7% in the hamster and a high shedding rate of 34.9% in the rat. D. ditremum is difficult to recover from hamsters but shows a high shedding rate of 42.9%. D. vogeli shows a constant recovery rate of 38.3% without shedding. The species specificity of these four diphyllobothriids is discussed briefly in relation to the early developmental pattern and the growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamane
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan
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31
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Yamane Y, Bylund G, Abe K, Osaki Y, Hirai K, Torii M. X-ray microanalysis of calcareous corpuscles and trace element content in diphyllobothriid cestodes. Parasitol Res 1988; 74:498-500. [PMID: 3413046 DOI: 10.1007/bf00535154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamane
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan
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32
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Björklund H, Bylund G. Absorption, distribution and excretion of the anthelmintic praziquantel (Droncit) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.). Parasitol Res 1987; 73:240-4. [PMID: 3588582 DOI: 10.1007/bf00578511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prazquantel is an anthelmintic active against trematodes and cestodes. The absorption, distribution and excretion of the drug was studied in serum, muscles, liver, bile fluid and kidneys of rainbow trout at two temperatures, 12 degrees C and 18 degrees C, after a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg body wt. A bioassay, using cercaria larvae of the trematode Diplostomum spathaceum as the test organism, was employed to measure the drug levels in tissues of the fish. The cercariae were very sensitive to praziquantel; their mobility was significantly reduced within 20 min in a 0.01 micrograms/ml solution. Praziquantel was readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of the fish. Absorption was more rapid at 18 degrees C than at 12 degrees C. Only in the liver, however, did the peak values reach significantly higher levels at the higher temperature. The peak values in different tissues (10.2-31.8 micrograms/g) were reached 4-16 h after administration of the drug. The elimination of the drug from the tissues was less dependent on temperature than absorption. By 32 h p.a., 67%-96% of the maximum amounts had been eliminated from the tissues. Praziquantel was excreted partly with bile fluid and partly as water-soluble metabolites through the kidneys.
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33
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Bylund G. [Care of the dying has improved - but there is still much to learn]. Vardfacket 1982; 6:44-6. [PMID: 6920993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bylund G, Fagerholm HP, Krogell C, Nikander S. Studies on Onchocerca tarsicola Bain and Schulz-Key, 1974 in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Finland. J Helminthol 1981; 55:13-20. [PMID: 7229327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A survey revealed that Onchocerca tarsicola Bain & Schulz-Key, 1974 is a widespread parasite among reindeer in northern Finland. Of 407 animals studied from 12 reindeer herds, 124 (30.5%) were infected. There was a marked difference in infection levels between different reindeer herds and the frequency as well as the intensity of infection was highest in old animals whereas the parasites were rare in yearlings.
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Abstract
Praziquantel (Droncit) is a new anthelminthic agent with a strikingly wide therapeutic index. The efficiency of the drug against Diphyllobothrium latum was tested in vivo and in vitro. With a drug dose of 50 mg/kg, artificially infected hamsters were completely cured. The threshold value of the active dose was between 2-5 and 10-0 mg/kg. Clinical trials with Praziquantel against human diphyllobothriasis show great promise, all of ten patients treated with 25-0 mg/kg of the drug being cured. Praziquantel had little effect on larval or adult diphyllobothriids in vitro.
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Abstract
Specific and distinct protein profiles were demonstrated by isoelectric focusing performed on soluble whole-body proteins of four Diphyllobothrium species. The protein patterns differed in number, position and relative density of the fractions separated. Altogether 31-36 protein bands per species were separated by isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. The results show that sensitive chemotaxonomic methods can be used to help characterize and delimit species in the troublesome Diphyllobothrium group.
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Bylund G, Bang B, Wikgren K. [Experimental evaluation of the effect of praziquantel against Diphyllobothrium latum in vivo and in vitro (author's transl)]. Bol Chil Parasitol 1977; 32:7-10. [PMID: 911437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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