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Lawrence MJ, Grayson P, Jeffrey JD, Docker MF, Garroway CJ, Wilson JM, Manzon RG, Wilkie MP, Jeffries KM. Differences in the transcriptome response in the gills of sea lamprey acutely exposed to 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), niclosamide or a TFM:niclosamide mixture. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2023; 48:101122. [PMID: 37659214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America makes use of two pesticides: 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and niclosamide, which are often co-applied. Sea lamprey appear to be vulnerable to these agents resulting from a lack of detoxification responses with evidence suggesting that lampricide mixtures produce a synergistic effect. However, there is a lack of information pertaining to the physiological responses of sea lamprey to niclosamide and TFM:niclosamide mixtures. Here, we characterized the transcriptomic responses of the sea lamprey to TFM, niclosamide, and a TFM:niclosamide (1.5 %) mixture in the gill. Along with a control, larval sea lamprey were exposed to each treatment for 6 h, after which gill tissues were extracted for measuring whole-transcriptome responses using RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression patterns were summarized, which included identifying the broad roles of genes and common expression patterns among the treatments. While niclosamide treatment resulted in no differentially expressed genes, TFM- and mixture-treated fish had several differentially expressed genes that were associated with the cell cycle, DNA damage, metabolism, immune function, and detoxification. However, there was no common differential expression among treatments. For the first time, we characterized the transcriptomic response of sea lamprey to niclosamide and a TFM:niclosamide mixture and identified that these agents impact mRNA transcript abundance of genes associated with the cell cycle and cellular death, and immune function, which are likely mediated through mitochondrial dysregulation. These results may help to inform the production of more targeted and effective lampricides in sea lamprey control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lawrence
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - P Grayson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J D Jeffrey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - M F Docker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C J Garroway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J M Wilson
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - R G Manzon
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - M P Wilkie
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - K M Jeffries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Lawrence MJ, Grayson P, Jeffrey JD, Docker MF, Garroway CJ, Wilson JM, Manzon RG, Wilkie MP, Jeffries KM. Variation in the Transcriptome Response and Detoxification Gene Diversity Drives Pesticide Tolerance in Fishes. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:12137-12147. [PMID: 35973096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are critical for invasive species management but often have negative effects on nontarget native biota. Tolerance to pesticides should have an evolutionary basis, but this is poorly understood. Invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in North America have been controlled with a pesticide lethal to them at lower concentrations than native fishes. We addressed how interspecific variation in gene expression and detoxification gene diversity confer differential pesticide sensitivity in two fish species. We exposed sea lamprey and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), a tolerant native species, to 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), a pesticide commonly used in sea lamprey control. We then used whole-transcriptome sequencing of gill and liver to characterize the cellular response in both species. Comparatively, bluegill exhibited a larger number of detoxification genes expressed and a larger number of responsive transcripts overall, which likely contributes to greater tolerance to TFM. Understanding the genetic and physiological basis for pesticide tolerance is crucial for managing invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lawrence
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - P Grayson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - J D Jeffrey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - M F Docker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C J Garroway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J M Wilson
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - R G Manzon
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - M P Wilkie
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - K M Jeffries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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3
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Nash MT, Quijada-Rodriguez AR, Allen GJP, Wilson JM, Weihrauch D. Characterization of 3 different types of aquaporins in Carcinus maenas and their potential role in osmoregulation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 272:111281. [PMID: 35902004 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intertidal crustaceans like Carcinus maenas shift between an osmoconforming and osmoregulating state when inhabiting full-strength seawater and dilute environments, respectively. While the bodily fluids and environment of marine osmoconformers are approximately isosmotic, osmoregulating crabs inhabiting dilute environments maintain their bodily fluid osmolality above that of their environment by actively absorbing and retaining osmolytes (e.g., Na+, Cl-, urea) while eliminating excess water. Few studies have investigated the role of aquaporins (AQPs) in the osmoregulatory organs of crustaceans, especially within brachyuran species. In the current study, three different aquaporins were identified within a transcriptome of C. maenas, including a classical AQP (CmAQP1), an aquaglyceroporin (CmGLP1), and a big-brain protein (CmBIB1), all of which are expressed in the gills and the antennal glands. Functional expression of these aquaporins confirmed water transport capabilities for CmAQP1, CmGLP1, but not for CmBIB1, while CmGLP1 also transported urea. Higher relative CmAQP1 mRNA expression within tissues of osmoconforming crabs suggests the apical/sub-apically localized channel attenuates osmotic gradients created by non-osmoregulatory processes while its downregulation in dilute media reduces the water permeability of tissues to facilitate osmoregulation. Although hemolymph urea concentrations rose upon exposure to brackish water, urea was not detected in the final urine. Due to its urea-transport capabilities, CmGLP1 is hypothesized to be involved in a urea retention mechanism believed to be involved in the production of diluted urine. Overall, these results suggest that AQPs are involved in osmoregulation and provide a basis for future mechanistic studies investigating the role of AQPs in volume regulation in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Nash
- Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - G J P Allen
- Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J M Wilson
- Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - D Weihrauch
- Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J H Stolar
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jay M Wilson
- Texas Medical Center, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paul D Losty
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Alan W Flake
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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5
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Fernandez J, Sanders H, Henn J, Wilson JM, Malone D, Buoninfante A, Willms M, Chan R, DuMont AL, McLahan C, Grubb K, Romanello A, van den Dobbelsteen G, Torres VJ, Poolman JT. Vaccination with Detoxified Leukocidin AB Reduces Bacterial Load in a Staphylococcus aureus Minipig Deep Surgical Wound Infection Model. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1460-1470. [PMID: 33895843 PMCID: PMC9016470 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against Staphylococcus aureus have eluded researchers for >3 decades while the burden of staphylococcal diseases has increased. Early vaccine attempts mainly used rodents to characterize preclinical efficacy, and all subsequently failed in human clinical efficacy trials. More recently, leukocidin AB (LukAB) has gained interest as a vaccine antigen. We developed a minipig deep surgical wound infection model offering 3 independent efficacy readouts: bacterial load at the superficial and at the deep-seated surgical site, and dissemination of bacteria. Due to similarities with humans, minipigs are an attractive option to study novel vaccine candidates. With this model, we characterized the efficacy of a LukAB toxoid as vaccine candidate. Compared to control animals, a 3-log reduction of bacteria at the deep-seated surgical site was observed in LukAB-treated minipigs and dissemination of bacteria was dramatically reduced. Therefore, LukAB toxoids may be a useful addition to S. aureus vaccines and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Sanders
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Henn
- Bacterial Vaccines, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - D Malone
- Bacterial Vaccines, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - A Buoninfante
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Willms
- Bacterial Vaccines, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - R Chan
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A L DuMont
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - C McLahan
- In Vivo Sciences, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - K Grubb
- Bacterial Vaccines, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | - V J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J T Poolman
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Cheong BYC, Wilson JM, Spann SJ, Pettigrew RI, Preventza OA, Muthupillai R. Coronary artery calcium scoring: an evidence-based guide for primary care physicians. J Intern Med 2021; 289:309-324. [PMID: 33016506 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary care physicians often must decide whether statin therapy would be appropriate (in addition to lifestyle modification) for managing asymptomatic individuals with borderline or intermediate risk for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), as assessed on the basis of traditional risk factors. In appropriate subjects, a simple, noninvasive measurement of coronary artery calcium can help clarify risk. Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, with atherosclerotic plaque formation involving intimal inflammation and repeated cycles of erosion and fibrosis, healing and calcification. Atherosclerotic plaque formation represents the prognostic link between risk factors and future clinical events. The presence of coronary artery calcification is almost exclusively an indication of coronary artery disease, except in certain metabolic conditions. Coronary artery calcification can be detected and quantified in a matter of seconds by noncontrast electrocardiogram-gated low-dose X-ray computed tomography (coronary artery calcium scoring [CACS]). Since the publication of the seminal work by Dr. Arthur Agatston in 1990, a wealth of CACS-based prognostic data has been reported. In addition, recent guidelines from various professional societies conclude that CACS may be considered as a tool for reclassifying risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients otherwise assessed to have intermediate risk, so as to more accurately inform decisions about possible statin therapy in addition to lifestyle modification as primary preventive therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of CACS, from acquisition to interpretation, and summarize the scientific evidence for and the appropriate use of CACS as put forth in current clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y C Cheong
- From the, Department of Cardiovascular Radiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, CHI St. Luke's Health-Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cardiology, CHI St. Luke's Health-Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J M Wilson
- Department of Cardiology, HCA Houston Healthcare Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S J Spann
- The University of Houston College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R I Pettigrew
- College of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - O A Preventza
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Muthupillai
- From the, Department of Cardiovascular Radiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, CHI St. Luke's Health-Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Dao DT, Kamran A, Wilson JM, Sheils CA, Kharasch VS, Mullen MP, Rice-Townsend SE, Zalieckas JM, Morash D, Studley M, Staffa SJ, Zurakowski D, Becker RE, Smithers CJ, Buchmiller TL. Longitudinal Analysis of Ventilation Perfusion Mismatch in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Survivors. J Pediatr 2020; 219:160-166.e2. [PMID: 31704054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the natural history of pulmonary function for survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of survivors of CDH born during 1991-2016 and followed at our institution. A generalized linear model was fitted to assess the longitudinal trends of ventilation (V), perfusion (Q), and V/Q mismatch. The association between V/Q ratio and body mass index percentile as well as functional status was also assessed with a generalized linear model. RESULTS During the study period, 212 patients had at least one V/Q study. The average ipsilateral V/Q of the cohort increased over time (P < .01), an effect driven by progressive reduction in relative perfusion (P = .012). A higher V/Q ratio was correlated with lower body mass index percentile (P < .001) and higher probability of poor functional status (New York Heart Association class III or IV) (P = .045). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of survivors of CDH with more severe disease characteristics, V/Q mismatch worsens over time, primarily because of progressive perfusion deficit of the ipsilateral side. V/Q scans may be useful in identifying patients with CDH who are at risk for poor growth and functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T Dao
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ali Kamran
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jay M Wilson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Catherine A Sheils
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mary P Mullen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Donna Morash
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mollie Studley
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Steven J Staffa
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ronald E Becker
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Charles J Smithers
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
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8
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Robson VK, Shieh HF, Wilson JM, Buchmiller TL. Non-operative management of extralobar pulmonary sequestration: a safe alternative to resection? Pediatr Surg Int 2020; 36:325-331. [PMID: 31707604 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-019-04590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective cohort study compares the natural history of patients with extralobar sequestrations (ELS) who do not undergo intervention with those who undergo resection to assess the safety of non-operative management. METHODS 126 patients with pulmonary sequestrations or congenital pulmonary airway malformations born between 1999 and 2016 were identified. 49 patients had ELS on postnatal imaging, but two were excluded for associated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively reviewed, with phone follow-up for non-operative patients with no records for > 1 year. Statistical analysis was by Fisher's exact test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test (two-tailed p < 0.05). RESULTS 40% (19/47) were managed non-operatively and 60% (28/47) underwent resection. Non-operative patients were less likely to have an intrathoracic ELS: 47% (9/19) vs. 75% (21/28), p = 0.07. No symptoms were attributable directly to the ELS. Non-operative patients had median follow-up 3.2 years, during which time 88% (15/17) of ELS decreased in size on serial imaging. For patients who underwent resection, there was 100% concordance between imaging and intraoperative findings. There was no evidence of inflammation, infection or malignancy on final pathology, though 57% (16/28) of resected lesions had foci of non-aerated cysts. CONCLUSIONS Although further longitudinal study is required, this study supports the safety of non-operative ELS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Robson
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hester F Shieh
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jay M Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Terry L Buchmiller
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Abbatangelo J, Byrne A, Butler JF, Wilson JM. Application of multi-criteria decision analysis to assess sampling strategies in eutrophic urbanized waterbodies. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:589. [PMID: 31444584 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Different water quality sampling practices such as location selection or frequency can inform future watershed management strategies. The objective of this work was to compare water quality sampling strategies based on different weighted criteria to determine the optimal sampling frequency and sampling location for an urbanized, eutrophic, freshwater system. Weekly water sampling was conducted over a 2-year period at five locations for six water quality parameters. This high frequency (HF) dataset was then deconstructed into a lower frequency (LF) dataset to simulate a monthly sampling strategy. Statistical analyses conducted showed that for all sampling locations the LF datasets were not significantly different from the HF datasets, suggesting monthly sampling is sufficient to capture the overall water quality conditions in this system. A multi-criteria decision analysis was constructed for statistical and operational criteria to determine the optimal sampling locations given different criteria weights. Results showed that the optimal sampling location changed depending on the criteria weighting, suggesting that statistical analyses alone would not be sufficient to determine optimal sampling locations in this system. This analysis was then used if optimal sampling location depended on specific water quality monitoring goals. Results showed that the optimal location depends on the particular water quality monitoring goals and that this effect should also be considered in the design of future sampling programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abbatangelo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 4513 Manhattan College Parkway, Riverdale, NY, 10471, USA
- Van Cortlandt Park Alliance, 80 Van Cortlandt Park South Suite E1, Bronx, NY, 10463, USA
| | - A Byrne
- Van Cortlandt Park Alliance, 80 Van Cortlandt Park South Suite E1, Bronx, NY, 10463, USA
| | - J F Butler
- Van Cortlandt Park Alliance, 80 Van Cortlandt Park South Suite E1, Bronx, NY, 10463, USA
| | - J M Wilson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 4513 Manhattan College Parkway, Riverdale, NY, 10471, USA.
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Qi H, Yu L, Zhou X, Wynn J, Zhao H, Guo Y, Zhu N, Kitaygorodsky A, Hernan R, Aspelund G, Lim FY, Crombleholme T, Cusick R, Azarow K, Danko ME, Chung D, Warner BW, Mychaliska GB, Potoka D, Wagner AJ, ElFiky M, Wilson JM, Nickerson D, Bamshad M, High FA, Longoni M, Donahoe PK, Chung WK, Shen Y. De novo variants in congenital diaphragmatic hernia identify MYRF as a new syndrome and reveal genetic overlaps with other developmental disorders. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007822. [PMID: 30532227 PMCID: PMC6301721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect that is often accompanied by other congenital anomalies. Previous exome sequencing studies for CDH have supported a role of de novo damaging variants but did not identify any recurrently mutated genes. To investigate further the genetics of CDH, we analyzed de novo coding variants in 362 proband-parent trios including 271 new trios reported in this study. We identified four unrelated individuals with damaging de novo variants in MYRF (P = 5.3x10(-8)), including one likely gene-disrupting (LGD) and three deleterious missense (D-mis) variants. Eight additional individuals with de novo LGD or missense variants were identified from our other genetic studies or from the literature. Common phenotypes of MYRF de novo variant carriers include CDH, congenital heart disease and genitourinary abnormalities, suggesting that it represents a novel syndrome. MYRF is a membrane associated transcriptional factor highly expressed in developing diaphragm and is depleted of LGD variants in the general population. All de novo missense variants aggregated in two functional protein domains. Analyzing the transcriptome of patient-derived diaphragm fibroblast cells suggest that disease associated variants abolish the transcription factor activity. Furthermore, we showed that the remaining genes with damaging variants in CDH significantly overlap with genes implicated in other developmental disorders. Gene expression patterns and patient phenotypes support pleiotropic effects of damaging variants in these genes on CDH and other developmental disorders. Finally, functional enrichment analysis implicates the disruption of regulation of gene expression, kinase activities, intra-cellular signaling, and cytoskeleton organization as pathogenic mechanisms in CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Qi
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Applied Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xueya Zhou
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Haoquan Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander Kitaygorodsky
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Hernan
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gudrun Aspelund
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Foong-Yen Lim
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Robert Cusick
- Children's Hospital & Medical Center of Omaha, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Azarow
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Melissa E Danko
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dai Chung
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brad W Warner
- Washington University, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - George B Mychaliska
- University of Michigan, CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Douglas Potoka
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amy J Wagner
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud ElFiky
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jay M Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Debbie Nickerson
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Bamshad
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Frances A High
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mauro Longoni
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patricia K Donahoe
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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11
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Wilson JM, Strough J. SHOW ME THE MONEY: PREFERENCES FOR MONETARY SEQUENCES VARY BY AGE AND FINANCIAL LITERACY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Wilson
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - J Strough
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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12
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Hanna RM, Kamgar M, Hasnain H, Khorsan R, Nsair A, Kaldas F, Baas A, Bunnapradist S, Wilson JM. Case Report: First Reported Combined Heart-Liver Transplant in a Patient With a Congenital Solitary Kidney. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:943-946. [PMID: 29458999 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of successful combined heart liver transplant in a patient with a congenital solitary kidney. The patient had normal renal function before combined heart-liver transplantation and developed acute kidney injury requiring slow continuous dialysis and subsequent intermittent dialysis for almost 8 weeks post transplantation. Her renal function recovered and she remains off dialysis now 7 months post transplantation. She only currently has mild chronic renal insufficiency. We believe this is the first reported case of successful heart liver transplant in a patient with a congenital solitary kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Hanna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA Health - South Bay Nephrology, Rancho Palos Verdes, California, USA.
| | - M Kamgar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA Stone Center Surgical and Consultative Nephrology, Westwood, California, USA
| | - H Hasnain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA Health-South Bay Nephrology, Torrance, California, USA
| | - R Khorsan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA-Santa Monica Medical Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - A Nsair
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center, Westwood, California, USA
| | - F Kaldas
- Department of Surgery-Liver Transplant Surgery, UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center, Westwood, California, USA
| | - A Baas
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center, Westwood, California, USA
| | - S Bunnapradist
- Department of Medicine-Transplant Nephrology, UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center, Westwood, California, USA
| | - J M Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA Stone Center Surgical and Consultative Nephrology, Westwood, California, USA
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13
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Gonçalves AF, Neves JV, Coimbra J, Rodrigues P, Vijayan MM, Wilson JM. Cortisol plays a role in the high environmental ammonia associated suppression of the immune response in zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 249:32-39. [PMID: 28263819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high environmental ammonia (HEA) levels increases the vulnerability of fishes to parasitic, viral and bacterial diseases. We tested the hypothesis that elevated plasma cortisol levels play a role in the HEA-mediated immunosuppression in fishes. To this end, we tested the effect of exogenous cortisol treatment on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune response in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Also, to test whether glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling is involved in HEA-mediated immunosuppression, zebrafish were treated with mifepristone, a GR antagonist, and the LPS-induced immune response assessed after HEA exposure. We evaluated a panel of important immunity-related genes including interleukin 1β (il1b) and suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs-1a, 2, 3) and acute phase response genes [serum amyloid A (saa), transferrin (tfa), leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2-like (lect2l), haptoglobin (hp), hepcidin (=hepatic anti-microbial peptide hamp), and complement component 3b (c3b)] by real-time quantitative PCR. Our results demonstrate that exogenous cortisol administration as well as elevated cortisol levels in response to HEA exposure modulate mRNA transcript levels of key mediators of the innate immune response in zebrafish. Mifepristone treatment reduced whole body cortisol levels and eliminated the HEA-mediated changes in transcript abundance of socs1a, il1b, as well as APR genes. Together, these results suggest that the HEA effect on the innate immune response is in part mediated by cortisol signaling, while the mode of action, including the receptors involved remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Gonçalves
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - J V Neves
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Coimbra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Vijayan
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - J M Wilson
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Shieh HF, Barnewolt CE, Wilson JM, Zurakowski D, Connolly SA, Estroff JA, Zalieckas J, Smithers CJ, Buchmiller TL. Percent predicted lung volume changes on fetal magnetic resonance imaging throughout gestation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:933-937. [PMID: 28385427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Percent predicted lung volume (PPLV)<15% on fetal MRI predicts high-risk CDH. Potential changes in PPLV throughout gestation and impact on risk stratification are unknown. We reviewed CDH patients with serial fetal MRIs to follow PPLV and determine correlation with postnatal outcomes. METHODS CDH patients with serial fetal MRIs from 2005 to 2015 were included. We recorded prenatal MRI gestational age (GA) and PPLV, postnatal ECMO use, and survival. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS 57 patients had 127 fetal MRI studies. PPLV decreased from mean 25.4% to 19.6% between GA 22.1 and 32.6weeks. A steeper decline in PPLV, regardless of final PPLV, was independently predictive of higher ECMO use (p=0.046) and death (p=0.045). All patients with first PPLV<15% remained high-risk with poor outcomes. Of those with first PPLV>15%, 31% dropped below 15%, having similar ECMO use as the high-risk cohort, but trending toward greater survival (p=0.09). Those with first and final PPLV>15% had significantly less ECMO use (p=0.015) and greater survival (p<0.001) than the high-risk cohort. CONCLUSIONS On average, PPLV decreases throughout gestation in fetuses with CDH. Serial MRI is recommended for those with initial PPLV>15%, as clinical outcomes tend to mirror the lowest PPLV. TYPE OF STUDY Treatment study LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester F Shieh
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Carol E Barnewolt
- Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jay M Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Susan A Connolly
- Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Judy A Estroff
- Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jill Zalieckas
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - C Jason Smithers
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Terry L Buchmiller
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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15
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Wilson JM, Mukherjee S, Brunner TB, Partridge M, Hawkins MA. Correlation of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Parameters with Patterns of Disease Progression in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer after Definitive Chemoradiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:370-377. [PMID: 28190636 PMCID: PMC5429392 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A proportion of patients with pancreatic cancer never develop metastatic disease. We evaluated a role for 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in identifying a subset of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) who never develop metastatic disease and only experience local disease and may therefore benefit from local treatment intensification. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed LAPC entered a single-centre phase II study of definitive upfront chemoradiotherapy (CRT). All patients underwent FDG-PET/CT before and 6 weeks after CRT. Tumour volume, standardised uptake values (SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean, SUVmedian) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured on each scan and the response in each parameter was evaluated. The presence or absence of metastatic disease was noted on contrast-enhanced CT carried out every 3 months for 1 year and then at clinician discretion. RESULTS Twenty-three patients with LAPC were recruited; 17/23 completed treatment and had interpretable sequential imaging. Twenty-four per cent of patients only ever experienced local disease. Median pre-CRT FDG-PET parameters were significantly lower in patients with local disease only during follow-up compared with those who developed metastatic disease: SUVmax 3.8 versus 8.6 (P=0.006), SUVpeak 2.5 versus 7.5 (P=0.002), SUVmean 1.8 versus 3.3 (P=0.001), SUVmedian 1.7 versus 3.0 (P=0.002), TLG 26.9 versus 115.9 (P=0.006). Tumour volume, post-CRT FDG-PET values and their relative change were not statistically different between local disease and metastatic disease groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves for pre-CRT FDG-PET parameters to predict those who never develop metastatic disease all had areas under the curve (AUCs) ≥ 0.932. Pre-CRT FDG-PET SUVmax < 6.2 predicted patients with local disease only during follow-up with 100.0% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity, 80.0% positive predictive value and 100% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that patients with less FDG-avid tumours are less likely to metastasise and may therefore benefit from upfront local treatment intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wilson
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, Oxford, UK.
| | - S Mukherjee
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, Oxford, UK
| | - T B Brunner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - M Partridge
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, Oxford, UK
| | - M A Hawkins
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, Oxford, UK
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16
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Longoni M, High FA, Qi H, Joy MP, Hila R, Coletti CM, Wynn J, Loscertales M, Shan L, Bult CJ, Wilson JM, Shen Y, Chung WK, Donahoe PK. Genome-wide enrichment of damaging de novo variants in patients with isolated and complex congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Hum Genet 2017; 136:679-691. [PMID: 28303347 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is a common and often lethal birth defect characterized by diaphragmatic structural defects and pulmonary hypoplasia. CDH is isolated in 60% of newborns, but may also be part of a complex phenotype with additional anomalies. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 87 individuals with isolated or complex CDH and on their unaffected parents, to assess the contribution of de novo mutations in the etiology of diaphragmatic and pulmonary defects and to identify new candidate genes. A combined analysis with 39 additional trios with complex CDH, previously published, revealed a significant genome-wide burden of de novo variants compared to background mutation rate and 900 control trios. We identified an increased burden of likely gene-disrupting (LGD, i.e. nonsense, frameshift, and canonical splice site) and predicted deleterious missense (D-mis) variants in complex and isolated CDH patients. Overall, an excess of predicted damaging de novo LGD and D-mis variants relative to the expected frequency contributed to 21% of complex cases and 12% of isolated CDH cases. The burden of de novo variants was higher in genes expressed in the developing mouse diaphragm and heart. Some overlap with genes responsible for congenital heart defects and neurodevelopmental disorders was observed in CDH patients within our cohorts. We propose that de novo variants contribute significantly to the development of CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Longoni
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Frances A High
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongjian Qi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maliackal P Joy
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Regis Hila
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Coletti
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Loscertales
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linshan Shan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jay M Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia K Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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Shieh HF, Wilson JM, Sheils CA, Smithers CJ, Kharasch VS, Becker RE, Studley M, Morash D, Buchmiller TL. Does the ex utero intrapartum treatment to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation procedure change morbidity outcomes for high-risk congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors? J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:22-25. [PMID: 27836357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In high-risk congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), significant barotrauma or death can occur before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be initiated. We previously examined ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT)-to-ECMO in our most severe CDH patients, but demonstrated no survival advantage. We now report morbidity outcomes in survivors of this high-risk cohort to determine whether EXIT-to-ECMO conferred any benefit. METHODS All CDH survivors with <15% predicted lung volume (PPLV) from September 1999 to December 2010 were included. We recorded prenatal imaging, defect size, and pulmonary, nutritional, cardiac, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. RESULTS Seventeen survivors (8 EXIT-to-ECMO, 9 non-EXIT) had an average PPLV of 11.7%. Eight of 9 non-EXIT received ECMO within 2days. There were no significant defect size differences between groups, mostly left-sided (13/17) and type D (12/17). Average follow-up was 6.7years (0-13years). There were no statistically significant differences in outcomes, including supplemental oxygen, diuretics, gastrostomy, weight-for-age Z scores, fundoplication, pulmonary hypertension, stroke or intracranial hemorrhage rate, CDH recurrence, and reoperation. No survivor in our cohort was neurologically devastated. All had mild motor and/or speech delay, which improved in most. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot series of severe CDH survivors, EXIT-to-ECMO confers neither significant survival nor long-term morbidity benefit. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III treatment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester F Shieh
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jay M Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine A Sheils
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C Jason Smithers
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Virginia S Kharasch
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ronald E Becker
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mollie Studley
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Donna Morash
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Terry L Buchmiller
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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18
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High FA, Bhayani P, Wilson JM, Bult CJ, Donahoe PK, Longoni M. De novo frameshift mutation in COUP-TFII (NR2F2) in human congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2457-61. [PMID: 27363585 PMCID: PMC5003181 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
COUP-TFII (NR2F2) is mapped to the 15q26 deletion hotspot associated with the common and highly morbid congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Conditional homozygous deletions of COUP-TFII in mice result in diaphragmatic defects analogous to the human Bochdalek-type hernia phenotype. Despite evidence from animal models however, mutations in the coding sequence of COUP-TFII have not been reported in patients, prompting the speculation that additional coding or non-coding sequences in the 15q26 locus are necessary for diaphragmatic hernias to develop. In this report, we describe a case of a patient with a heterozygous de novo COUP-TFII frameshift mutation, presenting with CDH and an atrial septal defect. The p.Pro33AlafsTer77 mutation specifically disrupts protein isoform 1 which contains the DNA binding domain. In addition, we review other COUP-TFII sequence variations and deletions that have been described in cases of CDH. We conclude that COUP-TFII mutations can cause diaphragmatic hernias, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of CDH patients, particularly those with comorbid congenital heart defects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances A. High
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pooja Bhayani
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jay M. Wilson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Patricia K. Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mauro Longoni
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wilson
- Department of Health and Social Security, Alexander Fleming House, London SE1
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20
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Ria F, Wilson JM, Guntzer P, Zanca F, Samei E. SU-F-I-48: Variability in CT Scanning Over-Range Across Clinical Operation. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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Warren S, Warren DR, Wilson JM, Muirhead R, Hawkins MA, Maughan T, Partridge M. WE-AB-202-10: Modelling Individual Tumor-Specific Control Probability for Hypoxia in Rectal Cancer. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Wilson JM, Samei E. SU-F-R-11: Designing Quality and Safety Informatics Through Implementation of a CT Radiation Dose Monitoring Program. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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23
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Rosewarne PJ, Wilson JM, Svendsen JC. Measuring maximum and standard metabolic rates using intermittent-flow respirometry: a student laboratory investigation of aerobic metabolic scope and environmental hypoxia in aquatic breathers. J Fish Biol 2016; 88:265-283. [PMID: 26768978 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rate is one of the most widely measured physiological traits in animals and may be influenced by both endogenous (e.g. body mass) and exogenous factors (e.g. oxygen availability and temperature). Standard metabolic rate (SMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) are two fundamental physiological variables providing the floor and ceiling in aerobic energy metabolism. The total amount of energy available between these two variables constitutes the aerobic metabolic scope (AMS). A laboratory exercise aimed at an undergraduate level physiology class, which details the appropriate data acquisition methods and calculations to measure oxygen consumption rates in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, is presented here. Specifically, the teaching exercise employs intermittent flow respirometry to measure SMR and MMR, derives AMS from the measurements and demonstrates how AMS is affected by environmental oxygen. Students' results typically reveal a decline in AMS in response to environmental hypoxia. The same techniques can be applied to investigate the influence of other key factors on metabolic rate (e.g. temperature and body mass). Discussion of the results develops students' understanding of the mechanisms underlying these fundamental physiological traits and the influence of exogenous factors. More generally, the teaching exercise outlines essential laboratory concepts in addition to metabolic rate calculations, data acquisition and unit conversions that enhance competency in quantitative analysis and reasoning. Finally, the described procedures are generally applicable to other fish species or aquatic breathers such as crustaceans (e.g. crayfish) and provide an alternative to using higher (or more derived) animals to investigate questions related to metabolic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Rosewarne
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - J M Wilson
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - J C Svendsen
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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24
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Bairdain S, Betit P, Craig N, Gauvreau K, Rycus P, Wilson JM, Thiagarajan R. Diverse Morbidity and Mortality Among Infants Treated with Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Cureus 2015; 7:e263. [PMID: 26180687 PMCID: PMC4494564 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is utilized for cardiopulmonary failure. We aimed to qualify and quantify the predictors of morbidity and mortality in infants requiring VA-ECMO. Methods: Data was collected from 170 centers participating in the extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) registry. Relationships between in-hospital mortality and risk factors were assessed using logistic regression. Survival was defined as being discharged from the hospital. Results: Six hundred and sixty-two eligible records were reviewed. Mortality occurred in 303 (46%) infants. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients (OR=3.83, 95% CI 1.96-7.49, p<0.001), cardiac failure with associated shock (OR= 2.90, 95% CI 1.46-5.77, p=0.002), and pulmonary failure including respiratory distress syndrome (OR=4.06, 95% CI 1.72-9.58, p=0.001) had the highest odds of mortality in this cohort. Birth weight (BW) < 3 kg (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.21-2.78, p=0.004), E-CPR (OR=3.35, 95% CI 1.57-7.15, p=0.002), hemofiltration (OR=2.04, 95% CI 1.32-3.16, p=0.001), and dialysis (OR=6.13, 95% CI 1.70-22.1, p<0.001) were all independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: Infants requiring VA-ECMO experience diverse sequelae and their mortality are high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Betit
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Nancy Craig
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Boston Children's Hospital
| | | | | | - Jay M Wilson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital
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Cauley RP, Potanos K, Fullington N, Bairdain S, Sheils CA, Finkelstein JA, Graham DA, Wilson JM. Pulmonary support on day of life 30 is a strong predictor of increased 1 and 5-year morbidity in survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:849-55. [PMID: 25783313 PMCID: PMC4872864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary support (PS) on day-of-life-30 (DOL-30) has been shown to be the strongest predictor of subsequent morbidity and in-patient mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We hypothesized that PS on DOL-30 can also predict long-term outcomes in CDH survivors. METHODS We analyzed records of 201 CDH survivors followed by a single multidisciplinary clinic (1995-2010). Follow-up was 83 and 70% at 1 and 5years respectively. PS was defined as: (1) invasive support (n=44), (2) noninvasive support (n=54), or (3) room air (n=103). Logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted association of PS on DOL-30 with outcomes at 1 and 5-years. RESULTS Use of PS on DOL-30 was significantly associated with pulmonary and developmental morbidities at 1 and 5-years. Even after adjusting for defect-size and presence of ventilation/perfusion mismatch, greater PS on DOL-30 was associated with a significantly increased odds of requiring supplemental oxygen and developmental referral at 1-year, and asthma and developmental referral at 5-years. CONCLUSION CDH survivors continue to have significant long-term pulmonary and developmental morbidities. PS on DOL-30 is a strong independent predictor of morbidity at 1 and 5-years and may be used as a simple prognostic tool to identify high-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Cauley
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristina Potanos
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nora Fullington
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sigrid Bairdain
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dionne A. Graham
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay M. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Paulk CB, Hancock JD, Fahrenholz AC, Wilson JM, McKinney LJ, Benhke KC, Nietfeld JC. Effects of feeding cracked corn to nursery and finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:1710-20. [PMID: 26020193 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of supplementing cracked corn in nursery and finishing pig diets (PIC TR4 × 1050). In Exp. 1, 144 pigs (7.5 kg BW) were used in a 28-d experiment with 6 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment. Treatments were corn-soybean meal based in the form of mash, pellets (PCD), and pellets with 100% of the corn ground (PGr; 618 mm) or cracked (PCr; 3444 mm) and blended into the diet after the rest of the formulation had been pelleted. For d 0 to 28, pigs fed mash had increased (P = 0.042) ADFI compared with those fed the PCD diet. Pigs fed PCD had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with pigs fed PGr and PCr. Pigs fed PCr had decreased (P = 0.004) G:F compared with those fed PGr. For Exp. 2, 224 nursery pigs (7.4 kg BW) were used in a 28-d study with 7 pigs per pen and 8 pens per treatment. Treatments were similar to Exp. 1, with 50% of the corn either ground (445 mm) or cracked (2142 mm). For d 0 to 28, pigs fed mash had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI and G:F than pigs fed the PCD diet. Pigs fed the PCD diet had decreased (P = 0.001) ADFI and increased (P = 0.001) G:F compared to those fed PGr and PCr. For Exp. 3, 208 pigs (62.6 kg BW) were used in a 63-d experiment with 13 pigs per pen and 4 pens per treatment. Treatments were corn-soybean meal based with 0, 10, 20, and 40% cracked corn (3549 µm). All treatments were fed in mash form. For d 0 to 63, increasing cracked corn tended to decrease (linear, P = 0.093) G:F and decreased (linear, P = 0.047) carcass yield. Adding up to 40% of cracked corn to a mash diet decreased (P < 0.05) scores for keratinization and ulcers. For Exp. 4, 252 finishing pigs (40 kg BW) were used with 7 pigs per pen and 9 pens per treatment. The treatments were the same as described in Exp. 2. For the 80-d experiment, pigs fed mash had decreased (P < 0.05) ADG, stomach keratinization, and ulcer scores and increased (P < 0.05) yield and loin depth compared with pigs fed the PCD diet. Pigs fed PCD had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F and decreased (P = 0.026) loin depth compared with pigs fed PGr and PCr diets. Pigs fed PCr had increased (P = 0.023) ADG and decreased (P = 0.001) yield compared with pigs fed PGr. Pigs fed PCr had decreased (P < 0.05) stomach keratinization and ulcer scores compared with pigs fed the PCD and PGr diets. In conclusion, pigs fed PCD had the greatest G:F, and PGr and PCr treatments had negative effects on G:F of pigs. Scores for stomach lesions were lowest for pigs fed PCr.
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Randall DJ, Rummer JL, Wilson JM, Wang S, Brauner CJ. A unique mode of tissue oxygenation and the adaptive radiation of teleost fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 217:1205-14. [PMID: 24744420 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.093526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fishes constitute 95% of extant aquatic vertebrates, and we suggest that this is related in part to their unique mode of tissue oxygenation. We propose the following sequence of events in the evolution of their oxygen delivery system. First, loss of plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the gill and venous circulations slowed the Jacobs-Stewart cycle and the transfer of acid between the plasma and the red blood cells (RBCs). This ameliorated the effects of a generalised acidosis (associated with an increased capacity for burst swimming) on haemoglobin (Hb)-O2 binding. Because RBC pH was uncoupled from plasma pH, the importance of Hb as a buffer was reduced. The decrease in buffering was mediated by a reduction in the number of histidine residues on the Hb molecule and resulted in enhanced coupling of O2 and CO2 transfer through the RBCs. In the absence of plasma CA, nearly all plasma bicarbonate ultimately dehydrated to CO2 occurred via the RBCs, and chloride/bicarbonate exchange was the rate-limiting step in CO2 excretion. This pattern of CO2 excretion across the gills resulted in disequilibrium states for CO2 hydration/dehydration reactions and thus elevated arterial and venous plasma bicarbonate levels. Plasma-accessible CA embedded in arterial endothelia was retained, which eliminated the localized bicarbonate disequilibrium forming CO2 that then moved into the RBCs. Consequently, RBC pH decreased which, in conjunction with pH-sensitive Bohr/Root Hbs, elevated arterial oxygen tensions and thus enhanced tissue oxygenation. Counter-current arrangement of capillaries (retia) at the eye and later the swim bladder evolved along with the gas gland at the swim bladder. Both arrangements enhanced and magnified CO2 and acid production and, therefore, oxygen secretion to those specialised tissues. The evolution of β-adrenergically stimulated RBC Na(+)/H(+) exchange protected gill O2 uptake during stress and further augmented plasma disequilibrium states for CO2 hydration/dehydration. Finally, RBC organophosphates (e.g. NTP) could be reduced during hypoxia to further increase Hb-O2 affinity without compromising tissue O2 delivery because high-affinity Hbs could still adequately deliver O2 to the tissues via Bohr/Root shifts. We suggest that the evolution of this unique mode of tissue O2 transfer evolved in the Triassic/Jurassic Period, when O2 levels were low, ultimately giving rise to the most extensive adaptive radiation of extant vertebrates, the teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Randall
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Bairdain S, Khan FA, Fisher J, Zurakowski D, Ariagno K, Cauley RP, Zalieckas J, Wilson JM, Jaksic T, Mehta NM. Nutritional outcomes in survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-factors associated with growth at one year. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:74-7. [PMID: 25598097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is prevalent among congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors. We aimed to describe the nutritional status and factors that impact growth over the 12-months following discharge from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in this cohort. METHODS CDH survivors, who were discharged from the PICU from 2000 to 2010 with follow-up of at least 12months, were included. Nutritional intake, anthropometric, and clinical variables were recorded. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine factors associated with weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ) at 12months. RESULTS Data from 110 infants, 67% male, 50% patch repair, were analyzed. Median (IQR) WAZ for the cohort was -1.4 (-2.4 to -0.3) at PICU discharge and -0.4 (-1.3 to 0.2) at 12-months. The percentage of infants with significant malnutrition (WAZ<-2) decreased from 26% to 8.5% (p<0.001). Patch repair (p=0.009), protein intake<2.3g/kg/day (p=0.014), and birth weight (BW)<2.5kg (p<0.001) were associated with lower WAZ at 12-months. CONCLUSIONS CDH survivors had a significantly improved nutritional status in the 12-months after PICU discharge. Patch repair, lower BW, and inadequate protein intake were significant predictors of lower WAZ at 12-months. A minimum protein intake in the PICU of 2.3g/kg/day was essential to ensure optimal growth in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Bairdain
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Faraz A Khan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeremy Fisher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katelyn Ariagno
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryan P Cauley
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jill Zalieckas
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jay M Wilson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tom Jaksic
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nilesh M Mehta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Naimo MA, de Souza EO, Wilson JM, Carpenter AL, Gilchrist P, Lowery RP, Averbuch B, White TM, Joy J. High-intensity interval training has positive effects on performance in ice hockey players. Int J Sports Med 2014; 36:61-6. [PMID: 25329432 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1382054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the well-known benefits that have been shown, few studies have looked at the practical applications of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on athletic performance. This study investigated the effects of a HIIT program compared to traditional continuous endurance exercise training. 24 hockey players were randomly assigned to either a continuous or high-intensity interval group during a 4-week training program. The interval group (IG) was involved in a periodized HIIT program. The continuous group (CG) performed moderate intensity cycling for 45-60 min at an intensity that was 65% of their calculated heart rate reserve. Body composition, muscle thickness, anaerobic power, and on-ice measures were assessed pre- and post-training. Muscle thickness was significantly greater in IG (p=0.01) when compared to CG. The IG had greater values for both ∆ peak power (p<0.003) and ∆ mean power (p<0.02). Additionally, IG demonstrated a faster ∆ sprint (p<0.02) and a trend (p=0.08) for faster ∆ endurance test time to completion for IG. These results indicate that hockey players may utilize short-term HIIT to elicit positive effects in muscle thickness, power and on-ice performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Naimo
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, United States
| | - E O de Souza
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M Wilson
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, United States
| | - A L Carpenter
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, United States
| | - P Gilchrist
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, United States
| | - R P Lowery
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, United States
| | - B Averbuch
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, United States
| | - T M White
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, United States
| | - J Joy
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, United States
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Wilson JM, Partridge M, Hawkins M. The application of functional imaging techniques to personalise chemoradiotherapy in upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:581-96. [PMID: 24998430 PMCID: PMC4150923 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional imaging gives information about physiological heterogeneity in tumours. The utility of functional imaging tests in providing predictive and prognostic information after chemoradiotherapy for both oesophageal cancer and pancreatic cancer will be reviewed. The benefit of incorporating functional imaging into radiotherapy planning is also evaluated. In cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, the vast majority of functional imaging studies have used (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Few studies in locally advanced pancreatic cancer have investigated the utility of functional imaging in risk-stratifying patients or aiding target volume definition. Certain themes from the oesophageal data emerge, including the need for a multiparametric assessment of functional images and the added value of response assessment rather than relying on single time point measures. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET to predict treatment response and survival are not currently high enough to inform treatment decisions. This suggests that a multimodal, multiparametric approach may be required. FDG-PET improves target volume definition in oesophageal cancer by improving the accuracy of tumour length definition and by improving the nodal staging of patients. The ideal functional imaging test would accurately identify patients who are unlikely to achieve a pathological complete response after chemoradiotherapy and would aid the delineation of a biological target volume that could be used for treatment intensification. The current limitations of published studies prevent integrating imaging-derived parameters into decision making on an individual patient basis. These limitations should inform future trial design in oesophageal and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wilson
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK.
| | - M Partridge
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - M Hawkins
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
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Wilson JM, Lafon NW, Kreitlow KL, Brewster CC, Fell RD. Comparing growth of pork- and venison-reared Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for the application of forensic entomology to wildlife poaching. J Med Entomol 2014; 51:1067-1072. [PMID: 25276938 DOI: 10.1603/me14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory rearing of Phormia regina Meigen larvae on pork and venison was conducted as part of a study to determine whether forensic entomology approaches can be used in wildlife poaching investigations. Larvae were reared at 30 degrees C, 75% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h on pork or venison diets, and samples were collected every 8 h until >90% of the maggots reached the third-instar wandering or prepupal stage. Significant differences were found in the distribution of lengths of the third instar and combined instars for maggots reared on the two different meat sources. Maggots reared on venison reached the prepupal wandering stage significantly faster (approximately 6 h) compared with maggots on the pork diet. Mean adult weight and wing length of venison-reared flies were significantly greater than for flies reared on pork. The lower crude fat content of venison appears to make this meat source a more suitable medium than pork for larvae of P. regina. The difference in growth rate could introduce error into PMImin estimations from third-instar maggots in deer poaching cases if estimates are based on data from studies in which maggots were reared on pork.
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Wilson JM, Kunnimalaiyaan S, Gamblin TC, Kunnimalaiyaan M. MK2206 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cellular proliferation via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. J Surg Res 2014; 191:280-5. [PMID: 24996256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage and has limited effective treatment options. The aberrant regulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in HCC makes it an attractive therapeutic target. The effect of MK2206, a novel, allosteric Akt inhibitor, on HCC cells is not yet fully understood. We hypothesized that inhibition of Akt by MK2206 would impact cellular viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human Huh7, Hep3B, and HepG2 cell lines were treated with 0-2 μM of MK2206 for 96 h. Cell viability was determined by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression level of various protein markers to assess the mechanism of drug action and proliferation inhibition. RESULTS 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed a reduction in cellular viability by ≥55% for all cell lines (control versus 2 μM MK2206; P <0.001). Western blot analysis revealed reduction in the level of phosphorylated AKT-Ser473 with no change in AKT-thr308 expression confirming the specificity of MK2206. There was an observed reduction in caspase-9 and survivin. Importantly, there were increases in p21 and p27 along with decreased cyclinD1 expression after treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the anti-tumor activity of MK2206 in HCC cells. The observed reduction in survivin and pro-caspase 9 suggests that MK2206 induces apoptosis. However, HCC proliferation is also halted via induction of cell cycle arrest as indicated by the increase in p21 and p27 expression and decrease in cyclinD1. Importantly, the concentration needed to achieve growth inhibition in HCC is lower than that needed for other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wilson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - S Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - T C Gamblin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - M Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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Dennett KV, Fligor BJ, Tracy S, Wilson JM, Zurakowski D, Chen C. Sensorineural hearing loss in congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors is associated with postnatal management and not defect size. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:895-9. [PMID: 24888830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE We determined the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL; >20dB at any frequency) in a contemporary cohort of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors at a single tertiary care center and identified potential risk factors for SNHL. METHODS From 2000 through 2011, clinical and audiologic data were collected on 122 surgically-repaired Bochdalek CDH patients. CDH defect size, duration of ventilation, and cumulative aminoglycoside treatment were used for multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Incidence of SNHL was 7.4% (9/122). We identified one significant independent predictor of SNHL: cumulative length of aminoglycoside treatment (P<.001; OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.13-1.83). CONCLUSIONS Over the last decade, the incidence of SNHL in our CDH patients is low compared to previous reports in the literature (7.4%) and is not associated with CDH defect size or the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Prolonged duration of aminoglycoside treatment increases the risk of SNHL independent of defect size and duration of ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate V Dennett
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Fligor
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Tracy
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay M Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Chen
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lally KP, Lasky RE, Lally PA, Bagolan P, Davis CF, Frenckner BP, Hirschl RM, Langham MR, Buchmiller TL, Usui N, Tibboel D, Wilson JM. Standardized reporting for congenital diaphragmatic hernia--an international consensus. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48:2408-15. [PMID: 24314179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains a significant cause of neonatal death. A wide spectrum of disease severity and treatment strategies makes comparisons challenging. The objective of this study was to create a standardized reporting system for CDH. METHODS Data were prospectively collected on all live born infants with CDH from 51 centers in 9 countries. Patients who underwent surgical correction had the diaphragmatic defect size graded (A-D) using a standardized system. Other data known to affect outcome were combined to create a usable staging system. The primary outcome was death or hospital discharge. RESULTS A total of 1,975 infants were evaluated. A total of 326 infants were not repaired, and all died. Of the remaining 1,649, the defect was scored in 1,638 patients. A small defect (A) had a high survival, while a large defect was much worse. Cardiac defects significantly worsened outcome. We grouped patients into 6 categories based on defect size with an isolated A defect as stage I. A major cardiac anomaly (+) placed the patient in the next higher stage. Applying this, patient survival is 99% for stage I, 96% stage II, 78% stage III, 58% stage IV, 39% stage V, and 0% for non-repair. CONCLUSIONS The size of the diaphragmatic defect and a severe cardiac anomaly are strongly associated with outcome. Standardizing reporting is imperative in determining optimal outcomes and effective therapies for CDH and could serve as a benchmark for prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Lally
- UT Health Medical School and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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Wilson JM, Groeschl R, George B, Turaga KK, Patel PJ, Saeian K, Gamblin TC. Ciliated hepatic cyst leading to squamous cell carcinoma of the liver - A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2013; 4:972-5. [PMID: 24055921 PMCID: PMC3825928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ciliated hepatic foregut cysts (CHFC) are rare, typically benign liver lesions. Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is also a rare entity with only approximately 25 reported cases in the literature. Recently, there have been four reports of malignant transformation of CHFC into primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver. Here we report a fifth with unique presentation and review the literature. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 34 year-old man, with a history of ulcerative colitis, was incidentally found to have a 10 cm lesion in the right anterior sector plus left medial section of the liver on computerized tomography (CT) scan. The patient was asymptomatic at presentation and neoplastic markers were not elevated. Sequential transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and portal vein embolization (PVE) allowed for left lateral section plus segment 1 hypertrophy and subsequent resection. Histology later revealed the cyst to be a CHFC and showed its malignant transformation. At 6 month follow-up, the patient has lung and abdominal recurrence. DISCUSSION With now the fifth case of malignant transformation of CHFC being reported, approximately 5% of all reported CHFC have undergone malignant transformation. This frequency, taken together with the aggressive disease course and poor prognosis, suggests that CHFC must not be presumed benign and should be regarded with clinical suspicion. CONCLUSION Accurate diagnosis of CHFC is mandatory given its potential malignant transformation. Even in asymptomatic CHFC, surgical excision is recommended. In addition, in cases of otherwise unresectable lesions, sequential TACE and PVE may provide optimal hypertrophy of future liver remnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wilson
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Cauley RP, Stoffan A, Potanos K, Fullington N, Graham DA, Finkelstein JA, Kim HB, Wilson JM. Pulmonary support on day 30 as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48:1183-9. [PMID: 23845605 PMCID: PMC4877188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with significant in-hospital mortality, morbidity and length-of-stay (LOS). We hypothesized that the degree of pulmonary support on hospital day-30 may predict in-hospital mortality, LOS, and discharge oxygen needs and could be useful for risk prediction and counseling. METHODS 862 patients in the CDH Study Group registry with a LOS ≥ 30 days were analyzed (2007-2010). Pulmonary support was defined as (1) room-air (n=320) (2) noninvasive supplementation (n=244) (3) mechanical ventilation (n=279) and (4) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, n=19). Cox Proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to determine the case-mix adjusted association of oxygen requirements on day-30 with mortality and oxygen requirements at discharge. RESULTS On multivariate analysis, use of ventilator (HR 5.1, p=.003) or ECMO (HR 19.6, p<.001) was a significant predictor of in-patient mortality. Need for non-invasive supplementation or ventilator on day-30 was associated with a respective 22-fold (p<.001) and 43-fold (p<.001) increased odds of oxygen use at discharge compared to those on room-air. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary support on Day-30 is a strong predictor of length of stay, oxygen requirements at discharge and in-patient mortality and may be used as a simple prognostic indicator for family counseling, discharge planning, and identification of high-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Cauley
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kristina Potanos
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nora Fullington
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dionne A. Graham
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Heung Bae Kim
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay M. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Ben-Ishay O, Johnson VM, Wilson JM, Buchmiller TL. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Associated with Esophageal Atresia: Incidence, Outcomes, and Determinants of Mortality. J Am Coll Surg 2013. [PMID: 23177372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Offir Ben-Ishay
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Wilson JM, Wilson TK. Turning the Big Mac Index into the Medical MAC Index. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2013.10872946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JM Wilson
- Private Practice, Mackay Anaesthetic Group, Mackay, Queensland, Australia
| | - TK Wilson
- Wilson's Recruitment Solutions, Mackay, Australia
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Ben-Ishay O, Nicksa GA, Wilson JM, Buchmiller TL. Management of Giant Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations Requiring Pneumonectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94:1073-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bukh I, Calcedo R, Roy S, Carnathan DG, Grant R, Ratcliffe SJ, Wilson JM, Betts MR. Increased mucosal CD4+ T-cell activation following vaccination with an adenoviral vector in rhesus macaques. Retrovirology 2012; 9. [PMCID: PMC3442023 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Bukh
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Calcedo
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Roy
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - DG Carnathan
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Grant
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - SJ Ratcliffe
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - JM Wilson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - MR Betts
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Malakpour Kolbadinezhad S, Hajimoradloo A, Ghorbani R, Joshaghani H, Wilson JM. Effects of gradual salinity increase on osmoregulation in Caspian roach Rutilus caspicus. J Fish Biol 2012; 81:125-134. [PMID: 22747808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of gradual salinity increase on osmoregulatory ability of the Caspian roach Rutilus caspicus, under conditions which mimic stocking conditions of hatchery-raised fish. Initially, 30 juvenile fish (mean ± S.D. 3.20 ± 0.34 g) were transferred to 20 l circular tanks, in which salinities were changed in a stepwise fashion, from 0 to 5, 10 or 15 at 48 h intervals. The fish at salinity 15 were held for an additional 48 h at this salinity. Forty-eight hours after salinity transfer, survival rate, haematocrit, plasma Cl(-) , Na(+) and K(+) concentrations, osmolality and gill Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase (NKA) activity were measured. The only effect of exposure to 5 was a significant reduction in haematocrit compared to the freshwater control group. Exposure to salinity 10 raised haematocrit, Cl(-) and Na(+) concentrations and osmolality. At 48 h exposure to salinity 15, haematocrit, Cl(-) and Na(+) concentrations and osmolality were significantly higher than freshwater controls, and gill NKA activity was significantly lower, but the effect on NKA was no longer evident at 96 h exposure. There were no effects on survival. These results indicate that R. caspicus juveniles experience an initial non-lethal iono-osmotic perturbation following salinity increase but can adapt to brackish water at salinity 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malakpour Kolbadinezhad
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), College of Fisheries and Environment, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran
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Loenneke JP, Wilson JM, Thiebaud RS, Abe T, Lowery RP, Bemben MG. β2 Adrenoceptor signaling-induced muscle hypertrophy from blood flow restriction: is there evidence? Horm Metab Res 2012; 44:489-93. [PMID: 22638833 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and increases in muscular function have been observed following low intensity/load exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR). The mechanisms behind these effects are largely unknown, but have been hypothesized to include a metabolic accumulation induced increase in muscle activation, elevations in growth hormone, and improvements in muscle protein balance. However, many of the aforementioned mechanisms are not present with BFR in the absence of exercise. In these situations, signaling through the β2 adrenoceptor has been hypothesized to possibly contribute to the positive muscle adaptions, possibly in concert with muscle cell swelling. Signaling through the β2 adrenoceptor has been shown to stimulate both muscle protein synthesis and an inhibition of protein degradation through increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or signaling via the Gβγ subunit, especially in situations where the basal rates of protein synthesis are already reduced. Every study that has investigated the catecholamine response to BFR in the absence of exercise or in combination with exercise has shown a significant increase above resting conditions. However, from the available evidence, it is unlikely that the norepinephrine response from BFR, particularly with exercise, is playing a prominent role with muscle adaptation in skeletal muscle that is not immobilized by a cast or joint injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Loenneke
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-0615, USA.
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Wilson JM, Christianson O, Chen B, Winslow J, Samei E. TH-E-217BCD-04: MA Modulation and Iterative Reconstruction: Evaluation Using a New CT Phantom. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4736378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Gonçalves AF, Páscoa I, Neves JV, Coimbra J, Vijayan MM, Rodrigues P, Wilson JM. The inhibitory effect of environmental ammonia on Danio rerio LPS induced acute phase response. Dev Comp Immunol 2012; 36:279-288. [PMID: 21641930 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a toxic by-product of amino acid catabolism and a common environmental pollutant that has been associated with increased disease susceptibility in fish although the mechanism is not well understood. We addressed the hypothesis that elevated environmental ammonia acts by impairing the acute phase response (APR). Specifically, we determined the impact of sub-lethal acute (24 h) and chronic (14 d) ammonia exposure on acute phase protein gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in response to a challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS: i.p. 10 μg/g after 24h). A panel of LPS-responsive genes (SAA, HAMP, LECT2, Hp and IL1β) were identified and evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. Ammonia was found to impair induction of SAA, HAMP and LECT2 by 50-90%. Both short (15 min, 1h and 24h) and long-term (14 days) exposure to high environmental ammonia concentrations significantly elevated whole-body cortisol levels compared with control fish. Our results reveal for the first time that exposure to high environmental levels of ammonia suppresses the innate immune response in fish. We hypothesize that high environmental ammonia-mediated elevation of cortisol levels in zebrafish may be playing a key role in this immunosuppression, while the mechanisms involved remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Gonçalves
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Porto, Portugal.
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Goto M, Kohsaka S, Lee VV, Elayda MA, Aoki N, Wilson JM. Risk stratification of coronary revascularization patients by using clinical and angiographic data. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2011; 52:863-871. [PMID: 22051995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are still at a substantial risk of death after their procedures. A core group of preoperative and preprocedural risk factors and conditions contributes the majority of inherent mid- and long-term mortality risk in these patients. Therefore, we sought to develop a classification tree model as a practical and user-friendly method of predicting mid-term survival after coronary revascularization procedures. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from a single, large-volume institution. Specifically, we examined all-cause three-year mortality in 3387 consecutive patients with multivessel or single proximal left anterior descending coronary artery disease who underwent either PCI with stenting or CABG. RESULTS Recursive partitioning indicated that the best single predictor of death within three years was a history of heart failure (HF), followed by a proximal left circumflex artery (pLCX) lesion and age greater than 65 years for patients with and without a history of HF, respectively. With these variables, patients were readily stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups whose risks of death over three years ranged from 2.3% to 36.2%. Among patients with a history of HF, pLCX stenosis was an independent predictor of mid-term mortality after adjustment for other known risk factors (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.04-2.03). CONCLUSION The constructed risk stratification scheme stratified patients into groups at low, intermediate, and high risk of death within three years. Stenosis of the pLCX seems to be an important prognostic factor for patients with a history of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goto
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan.
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Neves JV, Caldas C, Wilson JM, Rodrigues PNS. Molecular mechanisms of hepcidin regulation in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2011; 31:1154-1161. [PMID: 22019826 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide described as a key regulator of iron metabolism, is known to respond in mammals to several stimuli, including iron overload, anemia, hypoxia and inflammation, through a number of molecular pathways. In order to understand the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of hepcidin expression in teleost fish, we have isolated for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) several coding sequences of known molecules involved on these pathways in mammals, namely jak3, stat3, tmprss6, bmp6, bmpr2, hjv, smad4, smad5, tfr1 and tfr2. The transcription levels of the isolated genes were evaluated by real-time PCR on fish subjected to experimental iron modulation (overload/deficiency) or infection with Photobacterium damsela. Results show that genes associated with the major pathway of the inflammatory response (IL6/JAK/STAT pathway) in mammals are also modulated in sea bass, being up-regulated during infection. Similarly, genes of the pathways classically associated with the response to variations in iron status (the HJV/BMP/SMAD and HFE/TfR pathways) are also modulated, mostly through down-regulation in iron deficiency and up-regulation during iron overload. Interestingly, many of these genes are also found to be up-regulated during infection, which may indicate a crosstalk between the known pathways of hepcidin regulation. These observations suggest the evolutionary conservation of the mechanisms of hepcidin regulation in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Neves
- Iron and Innate Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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Wilson JM, Duncan AN, Ignjatovic A, Wong K, Babu ED, Kelley CJ. Inguinal herniae: Valuable clues to concurrent abdominal pathology: A series of case studies describing unusual findings in 'routine' hernia operations which demonstrate the need for thorough surgical training. Int J Surg Case Rep 2011; 2:198-200. [PMID: 22096726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The case series presented here demonstrates that the pathology encountered during inguinal hernia repair can often provide clues to concurrent pathology; the well trained surgeon's broader medical knowledge can lead to earlier diagnosis. PRESENTATION OF CASES The case series examines four cases of men presenting with inguinal hernias, who were found to have concurrent abdominal pathology after further investigation of the intraoperative findings of the surgeon. DISCUSSION Operating surgeons not only require the necessary surgical skills to deal with the unexpected, but must also rely on their ability to think laterally when interpreting atypical incidental findings during 'routine' procedures. CONCLUSION Experience and knowledge gained through a surgeon's career is essential to enable them to correctly interpret their intraoperative findings and potentially diagnose concurrent pathology. The authors believe that surgical care practitioners, trained in just 2 years, would lack these essential skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wilson
- Dept Gen Surgery, St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The American College of Sports Medicine recommends lifting a weight of at least 70% 1RM to achieve muscular hypertrophy as it is believed that anything below this intensity rarely produces substantial muscle growth. At least part of this recommendation is related to elevated systemic hormones following heavy resistance training being associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Despite benefits of high intensity resistance training, many individuals are unable to withstand the high mechanical stresses placed upon the joints during heavy resistance training. Blood flow restricted exercise offers a novel mode of exercise allowing skeletal muscle hypertrophy at low intensities, however the testosterone response to this exercise has yet to be discussed. The acute and chronic testosterone response to blood flow restricted exercise appears to be minimal when examining the current literature. Despite this lack of response, notable increases in both size and strength are observed with this type of exercise, which seems to support that systemic increases of endogenous testosterone are not necessary for muscular hypertrophy to occur. However, definitive conclusions cannot be made without a more thorough analysis of responses of androgen receptor density following blood flow restricted exercise. It may also be that there are differing mechanisms underlying hypertrophy induced by high intensity resistance training and via blood flow restricted exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Loenneke
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA.
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Loenneke JP, Fahs CA, Wilson JM, Bemben MG. Blood flow restriction: the metabolite/volume threshold theory. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:748-52. [PMID: 21840132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally it has been thought that muscle hypertrophy occurs primarily from an overload stimulus produced by progressively increasing an external load using at least 70% of one's concentric one repetition maximum (1RM). Blood flow restricted exercise has been demonstrated to result in numerous positive training adaptions, specifically muscle hypertrophy and strength at intensities much lower than this recommendation. The mechanisms behind these adaptions are currently unknown but a commonly cited concept is that acute elevations of systemic hormones, specifically growth hormone (GH), play a large role with resistance training induced muscle hypertrophy, possibly through stimulating muscle protein synthesis (MPS). We hypothesize that the alterations in the intramuscular environment which results in the rapid recruitment of FT fibers, is the large driving force behind the skeletal muscle hypertrophy seen with blood flow restriction, whereas the external load and systemic endogenous hormone elevations may not be as important as once thought. It is further hypothesized that although skeletal muscle hypertrophy can be achieved at low intensities without blood flow restriction when taken to muscular failure, the overall volume of work required is much greater than that needed with blood flow restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Loenneke
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
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