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Nakamura K, Zhu S, Komatsu K, Hattori M, Iwashima M. Deglycosylation of the Isoflavone C-Glucoside Puerarin by a Combination of Two Recombinant Bacterial Enzymes and 3-Oxo-Glucose. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00607-20. [PMID: 32385077 PMCID: PMC7357486 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00607-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A human intestinal bacterium strain related to Dorea species, PUE, can metabolize the isoflavone C-glucoside puerarin (daidzein 8-C-glucoside) to daidzein and glucose. We reported previously that 3″-oxo-puerarin is an essential reaction intermediate in enzymatic puerarin degradation, and we characterized a bacterial enzyme, the DgpB-DgpC complex, that cleaved the C-glycosidic bond in 3″-oxo-puerarin. However, the exact enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of the C-3″ hydroxyl in puerarin has not been identified. In this study, we demonstrated that recombinant DgpA, a Gfo/Idh/MocA family oxidoreductase, catalyzed puerarin oxidation in the presence of 3-oxo-glucose as the hydride acceptor. In the redox reaction, NAD(H) functioned as the cofactor, which bound tightly but noncovalently to DgpA. Kinetics analysis of DgpA revealed that the reaction proceeded via a ping-pong mechanism. Enzymatic C-deglycosylation of puerarin was achieved by a combination of recombinant DgpA, the DgpB-DgpC complex, and 3-oxo-glucose. In addition, the metabolite derived from the sugar moiety in the 3″-oxo-puerarin-cleaving reaction catalyzed by the DgpB-DgpC complex was characterized as 1,5-anhydro-d-erythro-hex-1-en-3-ulose, suggesting that the C-glycosidic linkage is cleaved through a β-elimination-like mechanism.IMPORTANCE One important role of the gut microbiota is to metabolize dietary nutrients and supplements such as flavonoid glycosides. Ingested glycosides are metabolized by intestinal bacteria to more-absorbable aglycones and further degradation products that show beneficial effects in humans. Although numerous glycoside hydrolases that catalyze O-deglycosylation have been reported, enzymes responsible for C-deglycosylation are still limited. In this study, we characterized enzymes involved in the C-deglycosylation of puerarin from a human intestinal bacterium, PUE. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a recombinant oxidoreductase involved in C-glucoside degradation. This study provides new insights for the elucidation of mechanisms of enzymatic C-deglycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Shu Zhu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masao Hattori
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Iwashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
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Nakamura K, Zhu S, Komatsu K, Hattori M, Iwashima M. Expression and Characterization of the Human Intestinal Bacterial Enzyme Which Cleaves the C-Glycosidic Bond in 3″-Oxo-puerarin. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:417-423. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Shu Zhu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | | | | | - Makoto Iwashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
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3
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Yokoyama S, Hiramoto K, Fujikawa T, Kondo H, Konishi N, Sudo S, Iwashima M, Ooi K. Topical application of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract ameliorates atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7243/2053-5309-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Jaeger K, Kovacs E, Iwashima M. Alcohol negatively regulates human TGF-β production and regulatory T cell induction in a human umbilical cord blood model. Alcohol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Medina M, Huang N, Sethupathy P, Lowery E, Martin A, Love R, Iwashima M, Wigfield C. In Vivo Profiling of T-Cell Responses by Omental Cells (OC) in Experimental Lung Transplantation (LTx). J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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6
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Nakamura K, Komatsu K, Hattori M, Iwashima M. Enzymatic cleavage of the C-glucosidic bond of puerarin by three proteins, Mn(2+), and oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:635-40. [PMID: 23328408 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously isolated the human intestinal bacterium, strain PUE, which can cleave the C-glucosidic bond of puerarin to yield its aglycone daidzein and glucose. In this study, we partially purified puerarin C-glucosidic bond cleaving enzyme from the cell-free extract of strain PUE and demonstrated that the reaction was catalyzed by at least three proteins, Mn(2+), and oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). We completely purified one of the proteins, called protein C, by chromatographic separation in three steps. The molecular mass of protein C was approximately 40 kDa and the amino acid sequence of its N-terminal region shows high homology to those of two putative proteins which belong to Gfo/Idh/MocA family oxidoreductase. Protein C catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction of puerarin to 2"-deuterated puerarin in D(2)O condition, which closely resembles those of glycoside hydrolase family 4 and 109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
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Nakamura K, Nishihata T, Jin JS, Ma CM, Komatsu K, Iwashima M, Hattori M. The C-Glucosyl Bond of Puerarin Was Cleaved Hydrolytically by a Human Intestinal Bacterium Strain PUE to Yield Its Aglycone Daidzein and an Intact Glucose. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:23-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nakamura
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | | | - Jong-Sik Jin
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Chao-Mei Ma
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | | | - Makoto Iwashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
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8
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Morita M, Kanai M, Mizuno S, Iwashima M, Hayashi T, Shimozawa N, Suzuki Y, Imanaka T. Baicalein 5,6,7-trimethyl ether activates peroxisomal but not mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31:442-9. [PMID: 18470630 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that baicalein 5,6,7-trimethyl ether (BTM), a flavonoid, is capable of activating fatty acid beta-oxidation in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) fibroblasts (FEBS Lett. 2005; 579: 409-414). The objective of this study was to clarify whether BTM activates peroxisomal and/or mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. We first analysed the effect of BTM on fatty acid beta-oxidation in fibroblasts derived from healthy controls as well as patients with X-ALD, mitochondrial carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency, and peroxisome biogenesis disorder, Zellweger syndrome. Lignoceric acid (C(24:0)) beta-oxidation in the fibroblasts was stimulated by treatment with BTM, except for Zellweger fibroblasts. In contrasts, palmitic acid (C(16:0)) beta-oxidation was increased (2.8-fold) only in CACT-deficient fibroblasts. In U87 glioblastoma cells, C(24:0) beta-oxidation was also activated by treatment with BTM but C(16:0) beta-oxidation was not. The C(16:0) beta-oxidation was, however, significantly increased in the presence of 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA), a carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibitor. These results indicate that BTM activates peroxisomal but not mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. In addition, we found that BTM did not upregulate the expression of ABCD2/ALDR, ABCD3/PMP70, ACOX1 and FATP4 genes but slightly increased ACSVL1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Mori J, Hayashi T, Iwashima M, Matsunaga T, Saito H. Effects of plastoquinones from the brown alga Sargassum micracanthum and a new chromene derivative converted from the plastoquinones on acute gastric lesions in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:1197-201. [PMID: 16755016 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported the anti oxidative and anti viral effects of plastoquinones (compounds 1, 2) extracted from the seaweed Sargassum micracanthum (Kuetzing) Endlicher and a new chromene compound (compound 3), which was converted from the plastoquinones. Recently, we have also demonstrated the antiulcer effects of these compounds and assessed the effects using a rat model of acute gastric lesion and fundus strips isolated from rats. In hydrochloric acid/ethanol rat ulcer tests: 1) oral administrations of compounds 1, 2, and 3 1--10, 3--30 and 10--30 mg/kg, respectively, and omeprazole 3--30 mg/kg showed dose-dependent antiulcer effects: 2) the antiulcer effects after intraduodenal administration of the respective compounds at the dose of 30 mg/kg were found to be significant: and 3) a decrease in the hexosamine level of the gastric mucosa was slightly improved by oral administration of compounds 1, 2, and 3 30 mg/kg. In indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer tests, the antiulcer effects of compounds 1, 2, and 3 10 mg/kg (p.o.) were not significant. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed slight contracting effects on the fundus isolated from rats and these effects were inhibited by pretreatment with AH6809, an inhibitor of prostaglandin DP, EP(1), and EP(2) receptors. These results suggest that the protection of the mucosa via endogenous prostaglandins might be related to the antiulcer effects of compounds 1, 2, and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Abstract
An efficient synthesis of the antiviral and antioxidative chromene (1) was achieved. A small amount of chromene 1 could be derived from plastoquinones 2 and 3, the major constituents of the brown alga, Sargassum micracanthum. By the following synthetic scheme involving its application, many kinds of analogs can be synthesized for evaluation of their biological activity and mechanistic study. The total synthesis of 1, started from geranyl acetate and protected 2-bromo-6-methylhydroquinone, was executed with Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation for introduction of the terminal diol system and base-catalyzed sigmatropic rearrangement for construction of the chromene skeleton as the crucial steps. The stereochemistry at C-11' was reconfirmed by this synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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11
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Kitade M, Tanaka H, Oe S, Iwashima M, Iguchi K, Takahashi T. Solid-Phase Synthesis and Biological Activity of a Combinatorial Cross-Conjugated Dienone Library. Chemistry 2006; 12:1368-76. [PMID: 16294360 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The solid-phase synthesis of a combinatorial cross-conjugated dienone library based on the structure of clavulones and their biological activity are reported. Clavulones are a family of marine prostanoids, and are composed of a cross-conjugated dienone system bearing two alkyl side-chains. The cross-conjugated dienone system irreversibly reacted with two nucleophiles. Our strategy for the solid-phase synthesis of the cross-conjugated dienones involves the Sonogashira-coupling reaction of a solid-supported cyclopentenone 10 bearing an acetylene group, followed by aldol condensation with aldehydes. The diphenyl derivative 7 aA was prepared from the solid-supported cyclopentenone 10 in 56% total yield. Combinatorial synthesis of a small library using twelve halides and eight aldehydes resulted in the production of 74 desired compounds from 98 candidates, and were detected by their mass spectra. Antiproliferative effects of the crude compounds against HeLaS3 cells showed that eleven samples showed strong antitumor activity (IC50<0.05 microM). Further biological examination of four purified compounds by using five tumor cell lines (A549, HeLaS3, MCF7, TMF1, and P388) revealed strong cytotoxicity comparable to that of adriamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kitade
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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12
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Mori J, Iwashima M, Wakasugi H, Saito H, Matsunaga T, Ogasawara M, Takahashi S, Suzuki H, Hayashi T. New plastoquinones isolated from the brown alga, Sargassum micracanthum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:1159-63. [PMID: 16141587 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four new plastoquinones were isolated from the methanolic extract of the brown alga, Sargassum micracanthum. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis and chemical conversions from 2-geranylgeranyl-6-methyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone. These plastoquinones exhibited significant antioxidant activities such as an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and a radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Some of the new plastoquiones showed cytotoxic activity against cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University; 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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13
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Iwashima M, Mori J, Ting X, Matsunaga T, Hayashi K, Shinoda D, Saito H, Sankawa U, Hayashi T. Antioxidant and antiviral activities of plastoquinones from the brown alga Sargassum micracanthum, and a new chromene derivative converted from the plastoquinones. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:374-7. [PMID: 15684504 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two plastoquinones were isolated from the methanolic extract of the brown alga Sargassum micracanthum, and these were identified as a known 2-geranylgeranyl-6-methylbenzoquinone and its hydroquinone, respectively, based on spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of the secondary hydroxyl group was determined by the modified Mosher's method using the new chromene derivative converted from plastoquinones. One of the plastoquinones and the chromene exhibited significant antioxidant activities, such as an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and a radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The benzoquinone-type compound and the chromene derivative were found to have potent antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Iwashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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14
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Morita M, Takahashi I, Kanai M, Okafuji F, Iwashima M, Hayashi T, Watanabe S, Hamazaki T, Shimozawa N, Suzuki Y, Furuya H, Yamada T, Imanaka T. Baicalein 5,6,7-trimethyl ether, a flavonoid derivative, stimulates fatty acid β-oxidation in skin fibroblasts of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. FEBS Lett 2004; 579:409-14. [PMID: 15642351 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2004] [Revised: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to identify bioactive compounds with potential for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) pharmacological therapy. Various plant natural products including flavonoids were tested for their ability to ameliorate the abnormality of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) metabolism in cultured skin-fibroblasts from X-ALD patients. Of the compounds tested, baicalein 5,6,7-trimethyl ether (baicalein-tri-Me) was found to significantly stimulate the VLCFA beta-oxidation activity. Furthermore, the incorporation of [1-(14)C]lignoceric acid into cholesteryl esters was markedly reduced towards the normal level and the VLCFA (C24:0 and C26:0) content was decreased. These results make baicalein-tri-Me a candidate for the therapeutic compound for X-ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Morita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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15
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Tanaka H, Kitade M, Iwashima M, Iguchi K, Takahashi T. Effective irreversible alkylating reagents based on the structure of clavulones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:837-40. [PMID: 15012977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2003] [Revised: 12/04/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the design and synthesis of alkylating reagents based on the structure of clavulones. They are composed of cross-conjugated dienone system and irreversibly reacted with two nucleophiles under mildly basic conditions via beta-elimination. Hydroxyl derivative 7b showed the highest reactivity toward thiols and showed the strongest cytotoxicity in Hela S3 cells among the three derivatives having a different protecting group at the tert-hydroxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Tanaka H, Hasegawa T, Iwashima M, Iguchi K, Takahashi T. Efficient Solid-Phase Synthesis of Clavulones via Sequential Coupling of α- and ω-Chains. Org Lett 2004; 6:1103-6. [PMID: 15040733 DOI: 10.1021/ol036361b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe an efficient solid-phase synthesis of clavulones via the sequential coupling of the alpha- and omega-chains, involving two separate carbon-carbon bond-forming steps. The tetrahydropyranyl linker survived these reaction conditions and was cleaved without decomposing the unstable cross-conjugated dienones. Our methodology has allowed us to prepare six clavulone derivatives that are varied within the alpha-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Iwashima M, Matsumoto Y, Takenaka Y, Iguchi K, Yamori T. New marine diterpenoids from the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia koellikeri. J Nat Prod 2002; 65:1441-1446. [PMID: 12398540 DOI: 10.1021/np0200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia koellikeri resulted in the isolation of two new cembrane diterpenoids (1 and 2) and one new dollabelane diterpenoid, 3. Their structures were determined on the basis of the results of spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 3 were examined for in vitro growth-inhibition effects toward tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Iwashima
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Japan
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18
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Iwashima M, Terada I, Iguchi K, Yamori T. New biologically active marine sesquiterpenoid and steroid from the okinawan sponge of the genus Axinyssa. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:1286-9. [PMID: 12237556 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid, (E)-3-isocyanobisabolane-7,10-diene (1), and a new epidioxyergostane-type steroid, 9(11)-dehydroaxinysterol (2), were isolated from the Okinawan sponge of the genus Axinyssa. Their structures were elucidated based on the results of spectroscopic analysis and chemical conversion. Epidioxysterol 2 was found to show significant growth inhibitory effects against human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Iwashima
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan
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Iwashima M, Terada I, Okamoto K, Iguchi K. Tricycloclavulone and clavubicyclone, novel prostanoid-related marine oxylipins, isolated from the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis. J Org Chem 2002; 67:2977-81. [PMID: 11975555 DOI: 10.1021/jo011043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel prostanoid-related marine oxylipins, tricycloclavulone (1) and clavubicyclone (2), were isolated from the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis. The structures of 1, having a tricyclo[5.3.0.0(1,4)]decane ring system, and 2, having a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system, were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Clavubicyclone showed a moderate growth inhibition activity against tumor cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Iwashima
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
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Hama T, Maruyama M, Katoh-Semba R, Takizawa M, Iwashima M, Nara K. Identification and molecular cloning of a novel brain-specific receptor protein that binds to brain injury-derived neurotrophic peptide. Possible role for neuronal survival. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:31929-35. [PMID: 11399754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100617200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injury-derived neurotrophic peptide (BINP) is a synthetic 13-mer peptide that supports neuronal survival and protects hippocampal neurons in primary cultures from cell death caused by glutamate. We have developed a monoclonal antibody named mAb 6A22 against the 40-kDa BINP-binding protein, p40BBP. mAb 6A22 inhibits binding between BINP and rat brain synaptosomes and abolishes the protective effect of BINP. The antigen of mAb 6A22 should be the BINP-binding protein that mediates the neuroprotective action of BINP. Using an expression cloning approach with mAb 6A22, we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel receptor protein that shows binding activity of BINP. COS7 cells transfected with the cloned cDNA show binding of BINP and cell surfaces that are stained by 6A22. The mRNA for p40BBP is specific for the rat brain and is increased after birth. From immunohistochemical studies using mAb 6A22, p40BBP increased after kainic acid treatment in rat hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hama
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, 11 Minamiooya, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan.
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Fujimaki W, Iwashima M, Yagi J, Zhang H, Yagi H, Seo K, Imai Y, Imanishi K, Uchiyama T. Functional uncoupling of T-cell receptor engagement and Lck activation in anergic human thymic CD4+ T cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:17455-60. [PMID: 11279170 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101072200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human thymic CD1a-CD4+ T cells in the final stage of thymic maturation are susceptible to anergy induced by a superantigen, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Thymic CD4+ T-cell blasts, established by stimulating human thymic CD1a-CD4+ T cells with TSST-1 in vitro, produce a low level of interleukin-2 after restimulation with TSST-1, whereas TSST-1-induced adult peripheral blood (APB) CD4+ T-cell blasts produce high levels of interleukin-2. The extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of the T-cell receptor zeta chain induced after restimulation with TSST-1 was 2-4-fold higher in APB CD4+ T-cell blasts than in thymic CD4+ T-cell blasts. The tyrosine kinase activity of Lck was low in both thymic and APB CD4+ T-cell blasts before restimulation with TSST-1. After restimulation, the Lck kinase activity increased in APB CD4+ T-cell blasts but not in thymic CD4+ T-cell blasts. Surprisingly, Lck was highly tyrosine-phosphorylated in both thymic and APB CD4+ T-cell blasts before restimulation with TSST-1. After restimulation, it was markedly dephosphorylated in APB CD4+ T-cell blasts but not in thymic CD4+ T-cell blasts. Lck from APB CD4+ T-cell blasts bound the peptide containing the phosphotyrosine at the negative regulatory site of Lck-505 indicating that the site of dephosphorylation in TSST-1-activated T-cell blasts is Tyr-505. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that colocalization of Lck and CD45 was induced after restimulation with TSST-1 in APB CD4+ T-cell blasts but not in thymic CD4+ T-cell blasts. Further, remarkable accumulation of Lck in the membrane raft was observed in restimulated APB CD4+ T-cell blasts but not in thymic CD4+ T-cell blasts. These data indicate that interaction between Lck and CD45 is suppressed physically in thymic CD4+ T-cell blasts and plays a critical role in sustaining an anergic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Fujimaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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22
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Abstract
Three new chlorinated marine steroids, yonarasterols G, H and I, were isolated from the Okinawan soft coral, Clavularia viridis. Their structures including the absolute configuration were determined based on the results of spectroscopic analysis and chemical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iwashima
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Iwashima M, Matsumoto Y, Takahashi H, Iguchi K. New marine cembrane-type diterpenoids from the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia koellikeri. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:1647-1652. [PMID: 11141107 DOI: 10.1021/np000309w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seven new marine diterpenoids having a cembrane skeleton were isolated from the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia koellikeri. Their structures were determined based on the results of spectroscopic analysis and chemical conversions. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (DLD-1, IC(50) 4.2 g/mL) and strong growth inhibition against human T lymphocytic leukemia cells (MOLT-4, IC(50) 0.9 g/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iwashima
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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24
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Yamanishi R, Okada K, Tamugi N, Iwashima M, Iguchi K. A Novel Maleic Anhydride Derivative from the FungusTalaromycessp. No. 10092. BCSJ 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.73.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Kimura M, Yamashita M, Kubo M, Iwashima M, Shimizu C, Tokoyoda K, Chiba J, Taniguchi M, Katsumata M, Nakayama T. Impaired Ca/calcineurin pathway in in vivo anergized CD4 T cells. Int Immunol 2000; 12:817-24. [PMID: 10837409 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/12.6.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal anergy is one of the mechanisms that may account for self tolerance induced in T cells in the periphery. In this study we used the well-documented system of in vivo administration of a superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), to induce a state of hyporesponsiveness (anergy) in murine peripheral T cells to decipher the intracellular biochemical basis for this process. The TCR-induced Ca response of in vitro activated T cells was found to be impaired with significant defects in the phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1. Experiments with calcium ionophore and newly established transgenic mouse lines that express an active form of calcineurin suggested that in vivo SEB-induced anergy is established and/or maintained by a selective impairment in the TCR-induced activation of the Ca/calcineurin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kimura
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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26
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Abstract
Six new marine steroids, yonarasterols A through F, were isolated from the Okinawan soft coral, Clavularia viridis. Their structures were determined based on the results of spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iwashima
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Abstract
A new triene aldehyde, (2E,6Z,9Z)-2-methyl-2,6,9-icosatrienal (1), was isolated from a MeOH extract of the Okinawan marine sponge Leucetta microraphis. The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic analysis. Three imidazole alkaloids, leucettamine B, preclathridine A, and (9E)-clathridine 9-N-(2-sulfoethyl)imine, were also obtained and identified. Compound 1 showed moderate growth-inhibitory activity toward HeLa S3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Smith AB, Friestad GK, Barbosa J, Bertounesque E, Hull KG, Iwashima M, Qiu Y, Salvatore BA, Spoors PG, Duan JJW. Total Synthesis of (+)-Calyculin A and (−)-Calyculin B: Asymmetric Synthesis of the C(9−25) Spiroketal Dipropionate Subunit. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja992134m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B. Smith
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Gregory K. Friestad
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Joseph Barbosa
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Emmanuel Bertounesque
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kenneth G. Hull
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Makoto Iwashima
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yuping Qiu
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Brian A. Salvatore
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - P. Grant Spoors
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - James J.-W. Duan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Smith AB, Friestad GK, Barbosa J, Bertounesque E, Duan JJW, Hull KG, Iwashima M, Qiu Y, Spoors PG, Salvatore BA. Total Synthesis of (+)-Calyculin A and (−)-Calyculin B: Cyanotetraene Construction, Asymmetric Synthesis of the C(26−37) Oxazole, Fragment Assembly, and Final Elaboration. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja992135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B. Smith
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Gregory K. Friestad
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Joseph Barbosa
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Emmanuel Bertounesque
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - James J.-W. Duan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kenneth G. Hull
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Makoto Iwashima
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yuping Qiu
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - P. Grant Spoors
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Brian A. Salvatore
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Iwashima M, Okamoto K, Iguchi K. Clavirins, a new type of marine oxylipins with growth-inhibitory activity from the Okinawan soft coral, Clavularia viridis. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Penna D, Müller S, Martinon F, Demotz S, Iwashima M, Valitutti S. Degradation of ZAP-70 following antigenic stimulation in human T lymphocytes: role of calpain proteolytic pathway. J Immunol 1999; 163:50-6. [PMID: 10384098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation by the specific Ag results in dramatic changes of the T cell phenotype that include a rapid and profound down-regulation and degradation of triggered TCRs. In this work, we investigated the fate of the TCR-associated ZAP-70 kinase in Ag-stimulated T cells. T cells stimulated by peptide-pulsed APCs undergo an Ag dose-dependent decrease of the total cellular content of ZAP-70, as detected by FACS analysis and confocal microscopy on fixed and permeabilized T cell-APC conjugates and by Western blot on total cell lysates. The time course of ZAP-70 consumption overlaps with that of zeta-chain degradation, indicating that ZAP-70 is degraded in parallel with TCR internalization and degradation. Pharmacological activation of protein kinase C (PKC) does not induce ZAP-70 degradation, which, on the contrary, requires activation of protein tyrosine kinases. Two lines of evidence indicate that the Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease calpain plays a major role in initiating ZAP-70 degradation: 1) treatment of T cells with cell-permeating inhibitors of calpain markedly reduces ZAP-70 degradation; 2) ZAP-70 is cleaved in vitro by calpain. Our results show that, in the course of T cell-APC cognate interaction, ZAP-70 is rapidly degraded via a calpain-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Penna
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, BIL Research Center, Epalinges, Switzerland
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33
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Abstract
Two new marine prostanoids-17,18-dehydroclavulone I (1) and clavulolactone I (2)-were isolated from the Okinawan soft coral, Clavularia viridis. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined based on the results of spectroscopic analysis and chemical conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iwashima
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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34
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Smith AB, Friestad GK, Duan JJW, Barbosa J, Hull KG, Iwashima M, Qiu Y, Spoors PG, Bertounesque E, Salvatore BA. Total Synthesis of (+)-Calyculin A and (−)-Calyculin B. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981813x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Gregory K. Friestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - James J.-W. Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Joseph Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kenneth G. Hull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Makoto Iwashima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yuping Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - P. Grant Spoors
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Emmanuel Bertounesque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Brian A. Salvatore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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35
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Abstract
ZAP-70 is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that is essential for signaling via the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). ZAP-70 becomes phosphorylated and activated by LCK protein tyrosine kinase after interaction of its two NH2-terminal SH2 domains with tyrosine-phosphorylated subunits of the activated TCR. In this study, the localization of ZAP-70 was investigated by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. ZAP-70 was found to be localized to the cell cortex in a diffuse band under the plasma membrane in unstimulated T cells, and this localization was not detectably altered by TCR stimulation. Analysis of mutants indicated that ZAP-70 targeting was independent of its SH2 domains but required its active kinase domain. The specific compartmentalization of ZAP-70 suggests that it may interact with an anchoring protein in the cell cortex via its hinge or kinase domains. It is likely that the maintenance of high concentrations of ZAP-70 at the cell cortex, that only has to move a short distance to interact with phophorylated TCR subunits, facilitates rapid initiation of signaling by the TCR. In addition, as the major increase in tyrosine phosphorylation induced by the TCR also occurs at the cell cortex (Ley, S.C., M. Marsh, C.R. Bebbington, K. Proudfoot, and P. Jordan. 1994. J. Cell. Biol. 125:639-649), ZAP-70 may be localized close to its downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Huby
- Division of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
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36
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Yamasaki S, Tachibana M, Shinohara N, Iwashima M. Lck-independent triggering of T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction by staphylococcal enterotoxins. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:14787-91. [PMID: 9169445 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.23.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Superantigens (SAgs) activate T-cells in a manner specific to the Vbeta region of the T-cell antigen receptor. Stimulations by SAgs provoke drastic T-cell activation that leads to programmed cell death or the anergic state of responding cells. To characterize the signal transduction pathway initiated by SAgs, mutant lines derived from the human leukemic T-cell line Jurkat were tested for their reactivities against prototypic SAgs, staphylococcal enterotoxins. The J.CaM1.6 cell line, which lacks Lck expression and lost reactivity against T-cell antigen receptor-mediated stimulation, was activated by staphylococcal enterotoxins in a manner indistinguishable from the Jurkat cell line. In contrast, the J.45. 01 cell line, which lacks expression of functional CD45, showed severely impaired reactivity. The role of Lck appears to be replaced by another Src family protein-tyrosine kinase, Fyn. In J.CaM1.6 cells, Fyn was rapidly phosphorylated and activated after staphylococcal enterotoxin treatment. The kinase-inactive mutant of Fyn significantly suppressed the reactivity against staphylococcal enterotoxin E in J.CaM1.6 cells, and the expression of the active form of Fyn reconstituted reactivity against staphylococcal enterotoxin E in J.45.01 cells. These results demonstrate that SAgs activate T-cells in an Lck-independent pathway and that Fyn plays a critical role in the process.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Calcium/pharmacology
- Clone Cells
- Enterotoxins/pharmacology
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Lectins, C-Type
- Luciferases/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)
- Mutagenesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Staphylococcus
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Superantigens/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transfection
- src-Family Kinases/genetics
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamasaki
- Division of Cell and Information, Precursor Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo 194, Japan
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37
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Fusaki N, Iwamatsu A, Iwashima M, Fujisawa JI. Interaction between Sam68 and Src family tyrosine kinases, Fyn and Lck, in T cell receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:6214-9. [PMID: 9045636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src family protein-tyrosine kinase, Fyn, is associated with the T cell receptor (TCR) and plays an important role in TCR-mediated signaling. We found that a human T cell leukemia virus type 1-infected T cell line, Hayai, overexpressed Fyn. To identify the molecules downstream of Fyn, we analyzed the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins in the cells. In Hayai, a 68-kDa protein was constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated. The 68-kDa protein was coimmunoprecipitated with various signaling proteins such as phospholipase C gamma1, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 subunit, Grb2, SHP-1, Cbl, and Jak3, implying that the protein might function as an adapter. Purification and microsequencing of this protein revealed that it was the RNA-binding protein, Sam68 (Src associated in mitosis, 68 kDa). Sam68 was associated with the Src homology 2 and 3 domains of Fyn and also those of another Src family kinase, Lck. CD3 cross-linking induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 in uninfected T cells. These data suggest that Sam68 participates in the signal transduction pathway downstream of TCR-coupled Src family kinases Fyn and Lck in lymphocytes, that is not only in the mitotic pathway downstream of c-Src in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fusaki
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka 570, Japan
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38
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Yamasaki S, Takamatsu M, Iwashima M. The kinase, SH3, and SH2 domains of Lck play critical roles in T-cell activation after ZAP-70 membrane localization. Mol Cell Biol 1996; 16:7151-60. [PMID: 8943371 PMCID: PMC231719 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.16.12.7151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigenic stimulation of the T-cell antigen receptor initiates signal transduction through the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). When its two tyrosines are phosphorylated, ITAM forms a binding site for ZAP-70, one of the cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases essential for T-cell activation. The signaling process that follows ZAP-70 binding to ITAM has been analyzed by the construction of fusion proteins that localize ZAP-70 to the plasma membrane. We found that membrane-localized forms of ZAP-70 induce late signaling events such as activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells without any stimulation. This activity was observed only when Lck was expressed and functional. In addition, each mutation that affects the function of Lck in the kinase, Src homology 2 (SH2), and SH3 domains greatly impaired the signaling ability of the chimeric protein. Therefore, Lck functions in multiple manners in T-cell activation for the steps following ZAP-70 binding to ITAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamasaki
- Division of Cell and Information, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Research Development Corporation of Japan, Tokyo
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39
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Abstract
Eight new marine steroids were isolated from the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis Quoy and Gaimard. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic analysis, chemical conversion, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Steroids 5 and 6 showed growth inhibition activity toward HeLa S3 cells and human diploid cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy, Japan
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40
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Iguchi K, Iwashima M, Watanabe K. Stoloniolide I and II, New Marine Lactonic Steroids with an Unprecedented 1,10-Secoergostane Skeleton, Isolated from the Okinawan Soft Coral,Clavularia viridis. CHEM LETT 1995. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1995.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/physiology
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/enzymology
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/genetics
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Substrate Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
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42
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43
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Smith AB, Iwashima M. Calyculin synthetic studies. 4. remarkable reversal of diastereo-selectivity in payne epoxidation of vinyl spiroketal intermediates. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)88072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Chan AC, Kadlecek TA, Elder ME, Filipovich AH, Kuo WL, Iwashima M, Parslow TG, Weiss A. ZAP-70 deficiency in an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency. Science 1994; 264:1599-601. [PMID: 8202713 DOI: 10.1126/science.8202713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play an integral role in T cell activation and differentiation. Defects in the Src-family PTKs in mice and in T cell lines have resulted in variable defects in thymic development and in T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction. Here, three siblings are described with an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in which ZAP-70, a non-Src PTK, is absent as a result of mutations in the ZAP-70 gene. This absence is associated with defects in TCR signal transduction, suggesting an important functional role for ZAP-70.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Chan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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45
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Abstract
The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) initiates signals by interacting with cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) through a 17-residue sequence motif [called the antigen recognition activation motif (ARAM)] that is contained in the TCR zeta and CD3 chains. TCR stimulation induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular substrates, including the ARAMs. Lck kinase activity is required for phosphorylation of two conserved tyrosine residues in an ARAM. This phosphorylation leads to the recruitment of a second cytoplasmic PTK, ZAP-70, through both of the ZAP-70 Src homology 2 domains and its phosphorylation. Thus, TCR signal transduction is initiated by the sequential interaction of two PTKs with TCR ARAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iwashima
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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46
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Weiss A, Iwashima M, Irving B, van Oers NS, Kadlecek TA, Straus D, Chan A. Molecular and genetic insights into T cell antigen receptor signal transduction. Adv Exp Med Biol 1994; 365:53-62. [PMID: 7887313 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0987-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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47
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Abstract
Protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play an integral role in T cell activation. Stimulation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) results in tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of cellular substrates. One of these is the TCR zeta chain, which can mediate the transduction of extracellular stimuli into cellular effector functions. We have recently identified a 70 kd tyrosine phosphoprotein (ZAP-70) that associates with zeta and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation following TCR stimulation. Here we report the isolation of a cDNA clone encoding ZAP-70. ZAP-70 represents a novel PTK and is expressed in T and natural killer cells. Moreover, tyrosine phosphorylation and association of ZAP-70 with zeta require the presence of src family PTKs and provide a potential mechanism by which the src family PTKs and ZAP-70 may interact to mediate TCR signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Chan
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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48
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Weiss A, Chan AC, Iwashima M, Straus D, Irving BA. Regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activation by the T-cell antigen receptor zeta chain. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1992; 57:107-16. [PMID: 1339649 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1992.057.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Weiss
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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49
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Iguchi K, Nishimura K, Yamazaki K, Iwashima M, Yamada Y. New Cembranolide Diterpenes with a Dimethylamino Group from the Okinawan Soft Coral (Sinularia sp.). CHEM LETT 1992. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1992.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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50
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Abstract
CD4 and CD8 have been useful surface markers for alpha/beta T cell maturation. In an alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic SCID mice system, it has been shown that alpha/beta TCR alone is sufficient to induce CD4 and CD8 surface expression on thymic T cells. Although the late embryonic thymic gamma/delta T cells are predominately single and double positive, it has not been clear if gamma/delta TCR has a similar capacity. In this study, we show that when transgenes encoding the earliest embryonic gamma/delta TCR are coexpressed with the SCID defect, the gamma/delta transgenes promote the appearance of both the CD4-8- and CD4+8+ T cells in the thymus. Furthermore, the expression of CD4 and CD8 does not require continuous surface gamma/delta TCR expression. These results indicate that gamma/delta TCR alone can promote the CD4/8 surface expression, and may suggest a role for gamma/delta T cells in initiating normal thymic ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iwashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, California 94305
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