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Blackburn PR, Ebstein F, Hsieh TC, Motta M, Radio FC, Herkert JC, Rinne T, Thiffault I, Rapp M, Alders M, Maas S, Gerard B, Smol T, Vincent-Delorme C, Cogné B, Isidor B, Vincent M, Bachmann-Gagescu R, Rauch A, Joset P, Ferrero GB, Ciolfi A, Husson T, Guerrot AM, Bacino C, Macmurdo C, Thompson SS, Rosenfeld JA, Faivre L, Mau-Them FT, Deb W, Vignard V, Agrawal PB, Madden JA, Goldenberg A, Lecoquierre F, Zech M, Prokisch H, Necpál J, Jech R, Winkelmann J, Koprušáková MT, Konstantopoulou V, Younce JR, Shinawi M, Mighton C, Fung C, Morel C, Ellis JL, DiTroia S, Barth M, Bonneau D, Krapels I, Stegmann S, van der Schoot V, Brunet T, Bußmann C, Mignot C, Courtin T, Ravelli C, Keren B, Ziegler A, Hasadsri L, Pichurin PN, Klee EW, Grand K, Sanchez-Lara PA, Krüger E, Bézieau S, Klinkhammer H, Krawitz PM, Eichler EE, Tartaglia M, Küry S, Wang T. Loss-of-function variants in CUL3 cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. medRxiv 2023:2023.06.13.23290941. [PMID: 37398376 PMCID: PMC10312857 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.23290941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose De novo variants in CUL3 (Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase) have been strongly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but no large case series have been reported so far. Here we aimed to collect sporadic cases carrying rare variants in CUL3, describe the genotype-phenotype correlation, and investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanism. Methods Genetic data and detailed clinical records were collected via multi-center collaboration. Dysmorphic facial features were analyzed using GestaltMatcher. Variant effects on CUL3 protein stability were assessed using patient-derived T-cells. Results We assembled a cohort of 35 individuals with heterozygous CUL3 variants presenting a syndromic NDD characterized by intellectual disability with or without autistic features. Of these, 33 have loss-of-function (LoF) and two have missense variants. CUL3 LoF variants in patients may affect protein stability leading to perturbations in protein homeostasis, as evidenced by decreased ubiquitin-protein conjugates in vitro . Specifically, we show that cyclin E1 (CCNE1) and 4E-BP1 (EIF4EBP1), two prominent substrates of CUL3, fail to be targeted for proteasomal degradation in patient-derived cells. Conclusion Our study further refines the clinical and mutational spectrum of CUL3 -associated NDDs, expands the spectrum of cullin RING E3 ligase-associated neuropsychiatric disorders, and suggests haploinsufficiency via LoF variants is the predominant pathogenic mechanism.
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Mannens MMAM, Lombardi MP, Alders M, Henneman P, Bliek J. Further Introduction of DNA Methylation (DNAm) Arrays in Regular Diagnostics. Front Genet 2022; 13:831452. [PMID: 35860466 PMCID: PMC9289263 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.831452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation tests have been used for decades in regular DNA diagnostics focusing primarily on Imprinting disorders or specific loci annotated to specific disease associated gene promotors. With the introduction of DNA methylation (DNAm) arrays such as the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip array or the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC Beadchip array (850 k), it has become feasible to study the epigenome in a timely and cost-effective way. This has led to new insights regarding the complexity of well-studied imprinting disorders such as the Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome, but it has also led to the introduction of tests such as EpiSign, implemented as a diagnostic test in which a single array experiment can be compared to databases with known episignatures of multiple genetic disorders, especially neurodevelopmental disorders. The successful use of such DNAm tests is rapidly expanding. More and more disorders are found to be associated with discrete episignatures which enables fast and definite diagnoses, as we have shown. The first examples of environmentally induced clinical disorders characterized by discrete aberrant DNAm are discussed underlining the broad application of DNAm testing in regular diagnostics. Here we discuss exemplary findings in our laboratory covering this broad range of applications and we discuss further use of DNAm tests in the near future.
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Wyrwoll MJ, van Walree ES, Hamer G, Rotte N, Motazacker MM, Meijers-Heijboer H, Alders M, Meißner A, Kaminsky E, Wöste M, Krallmann C, Kliesch S, Hunt TJ, Clark AT, Silber S, Stallmeyer B, Friedrich C, van Pelt AMM, Mathijssen IB, Tüttelmann F. Bi-allelic variants in DNA mismatch repair proteins MutS Homolog MSH4 and MSH5 cause infertility in both sexes. Hum Reprod 2021; 37:178-189. [PMID: 34755185 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do bi-allelic variants in the genes encoding the MSH4/MSH5 heterodimer cause male infertility? SUMMARY ANSWER We detected biallelic, (likely) pathogenic variants in MSH5 (4 men) and MSH4 (3 men) in six azoospermic men, demonstrating that genetic variants in these genes are a relevant cause of male infertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY MSH4 and MSH5 form a heterodimer, which is required for prophase of meiosis I. One variant in MSH5 and two variants in MSH4 have been described as causal for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in a total of five women, resulting in infertility. Recently, pathogenic variants in MSH4 have been reported in infertile men. So far, no pathogenic variants in MSH5 had been described in males. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We utilized exome data from 1305 men included in the Male Reproductive Genomics (MERGE) study, including 90 males with meiotic arrest (MeiA). Independently, exome sequencing was performed in a man with MeiA from a large consanguineous family. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Assuming an autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance, we screened the exome data for rare, biallelic coding variants in MSH4 and MSH5. If possible, segregation analysis in the patients' families was performed. The functional consequences of identified loss-of-function (LoF) variants in MSH5 were studied using heterologous expression of the MSH5 protein in HEK293T cells. The point of arrest during meiosis was determined by γH2AX staining. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We report for the first time (likely) pathogenic, homozygous variants in MSH5 causing infertility in 2 out of 90 men with MeiA and overall in 4 out of 902 azoospermic men. Additionally, we detected biallelic variants in MSH4 in two men with MeiA and in the sister of one proband with POI. γH2AX staining revealed an arrest in early prophase of meiosis I in individuals with pathogenic MSH4 or MSH5 variants. Heterologous in vitro expression of the detected LoF variants in MSH5 showed that the variant p.(Ala620GlnTer9) resulted in MSH5 protein truncation and the variant p.(Ser26GlnfsTer42) resulted in a complete loss of MSH5. LARGE SCALE DATA All variants have been submitted to ClinVar (SCV001468891-SCV001468896 and SCV001591030) and can also be accessed in the Male Fertility Gene Atlas (MFGA). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION By selecting for variants in MSH4 and MSH5, we were able to determine the cause of infertility in six men and one woman, leaving most of the examined individuals without a causal diagnosis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings have diagnostic value by increasing the number of genes associated with non-obstructive azoospermia with high clinical validity. The analysis of such genes has prognostic consequences for assessing whether men with azoospermia would benefit from a testicular biopsy. We also provide further evidence that MeiA in men and POI in women share the same genetic causes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was carried out within the frame of the German Research Foundation sponsored Clinical Research Unit 'Male Germ Cells: from Genes to Function' (DFG, CRU326), and supported by institutional funding of the Research Institute Amsterdam Reproduction and Development and funds from the LucaBella Foundation. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wyrwoll
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - E S van Walree
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Hamer
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Rotte
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M M Motazacker
- Laboratory of Genome Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Meißner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Kaminsky
- Praxis für Humangenetik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Wöste
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - C Krallmann
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Kliesch
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - T J Hunt
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A T Clark
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Silber
- Infertility Center of St Louis, St Luke's Hospital, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - B Stallmeyer
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - C Friedrich
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A M M van Pelt
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I B Mathijssen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Bonora E, Chakrabarty S, Kellaris G, Tsutsumi M, Bianco F, Bergamini C, Ullah F, Isidori F, Liparulo I, Diquigiovanni C, Masin L, Rizzardi N, Cratere MG, Boschetti E, Papa V, Maresca A, Cenacchi G, Casadio R, Martelli P, Matera I, Ceccherini I, Fato R, Raiola G, Arrigo S, Signa S, Sementa AR, Severino M, Striano P, Fiorillo C, Goto T, Uchino S, Oyazato Y, Nakamura H, Mishra SK, Yeh YS, Kato T, Nozu K, Tanboon J, Morioka I, Nishino I, Toda T, Goto YI, Ohtake A, Kosaki K, Yamaguchi Y, Nonaka I, Iijima K, Mimaki M, Kurahashi H, Raams A, MacInnes A, Alders M, Engelen M, Linthorst G, de Koning T, den Dunnen W, Dijkstra G, van Spaendonck K, van Gent DC, Aronica EM, Picco P, Carelli V, Seri M, Katsanis N, Duijkers FAM, Taniguchi-Ikeda M, De Giorgio R. Biallelic variants in LIG3 cause a novel mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. Brain 2021; 144:1451-1466. [PMID: 33855352 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gut motility is a feature of several mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, and mutations in genes such as TYMP and POLG, have been linked to these rare diseases. The human genome encodes three DNA ligases, of which only one, ligase III (LIG3), has a mitochondrial splice variant and is crucial for mitochondrial health. We investigated the effect of reduced LIG3 activity and resulting mitochondrial dysfunction in seven patients from three independent families, who showed the common occurrence of gut dysmotility and neurological manifestations reminiscent of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. DNA from these patients was subjected to whole exome sequencing. In all patients, compound heterozygous variants in a new disease gene, LIG3, were identified. All variants were predicted to have a damaging effect on the protein. The LIG3 gene encodes the only mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ligase and therefore plays a pivotal role in mtDNA repair and replication. In vitro assays in patient-derived cells showed a decrease in LIG3 protein levels and ligase activity. We demonstrated that the LIG3 gene defects affect mtDNA maintenance, leading to mtDNA depletion without the accumulation of multiple deletions as observed in other mitochondrial disorders. This mitochondrial dysfunction is likely to cause the phenotypes observed in these patients. The most prominent and consistent clinical signs were severe gut dysmotility and neurological abnormalities, including leukoencephalopathy, epilepsy, migraine, stroke-like episodes, and neurogenic bladder. A decrease in the number of myenteric neurons, and increased fibrosis and elastin levels were the most prominent changes in the gut. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficient fibres in skeletal muscle were also observed. Disruption of lig3 in zebrafish reproduced the brain alterations and impaired gut transit in vivo. In conclusion, we identified variants in the LIG3 gene that result in a mitochondrial disease characterized by predominant gut dysmotility, encephalopathy, and neuromuscular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Kellaris
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Makiko Tsutsumi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Farid Ullah
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Federica Isidori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Irene Liparulo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Diquigiovanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Luca Masin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Mariapia Giuditta Cratere
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Elisa Boschetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Valentina Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maresca
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, 40139, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy
| | - Rita Casadio
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Biological, Geological, Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Martelli
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Biological, Geological, Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Ivana Matera
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, 16128, Italy
| | | | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raiola
- Department of Paediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Serena Arrigo
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, 16128, Italy
| | - Sara Signa
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, 16128, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shumpei Uchino
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Oyazato
- Department of Pediatrics, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo, 675-8611, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Nakamura
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Sushil K Mishra
- Glycoscience Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takema Kato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Jantima Tanboon
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics & Clinical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Ikuya Nonaka
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masakazu Mimaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Anja Raams
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Alyson MacInnes
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Mariel Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Gabor Linthorst
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Tom de Koning
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, UMCG, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology, UMCG, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van Spaendonck
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Dik C van Gent
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora M Aronica
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Picco
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, 16128, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, 40139, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Floor A M Duijkers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Mariko Taniguchi-Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Fujita Health University Hospital, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, St. Anna Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44124, Italy
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Logemann M, Alders M, Pyankova V, Krakau D, Wessling M. How is mixed-gas permeation through poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) membranes influenced by elevated temperatures? J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Bouwman KM, Habraeken N, Laconi A, Berends AJ, Groenewoud L, Alders M, Kemp V, Verheije MH. N-glycosylation of infectious bronchitis virus M41 spike determines receptor specificity. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:599-608. [PMID: 32213247 PMCID: PMC7414442 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of chicken coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is initiated by binding of the viral heavily N-glycosylated attachment protein spike to the alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid receptor Neu5Ac. Previously, we have shown that N-glycosylation of recombinantly expressed receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike of IBV-M41 is of critical importance for binding to chicken trachea tissue. Here we investigated the role of N-glycosylation of the RBD on receptor specificity and virus replication in the context of the virus particle. Using our reverse genetics system we were able to generate recombinant IBVs for nine-out-of-ten individual N-glycosylation mutants. In vitro growth kinetics of these viruses were comparable to the virus containing the wild-type M41-S1. Furthermore, Neu5Ac binding by the recombinant viruses containing single N-glycosylation site knock-out mutations matched the Neu5Ac binding observed with the recombinant RBDs. Five N-glycosylation mutants lost the ability to bind Neu5Ac and gained binding to a different, yet unknown, sialylated glycan receptor on host cells. These results demonstrate that N-glycosylation of IBV is a determinant for receptor specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Bouwman
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N. Habraeken
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Laconi
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A. J. Berends
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Groenewoud
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Alders
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V. Kemp
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. H. Verheije
- Division of Pathology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Nolte JW, Alders M, Karssemakers LHE, Becking AG, Hennekam RCM. Molecular basis of unilateral condylar hyperplasia? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49:1397-1401. [PMID: 32423691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) causes progressive asymmetry of the mandible. The aetiology of this growth disorder is unknown. A two-centre prospective study was established, and 10 consecutive adult UCH patients scheduled for high condylectomy were included. The resected condylar tissue was divided into two parts, one for regular histopathology and one for DNA extraction. A panel of eight selected overgrowth genes (AKT1, AKT3, MTOR, PIK3CA, PIK3R2, PTEN, TSC1, TSC2) were sequenced using next-generation sequencing, with coverage of a minimum 500 times in order to be able to detect low-grade mosaicisms. Subsequently, untargeted whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to detect variants in other genes present in three or more patients. No mutation was detected in any of the overgrowth genes, and untargeted exome sequencing failed to detect any definitively causative variant in any other gene. Ten genes had a rare variant in three or more patients, but these cannot be designated as causative without additional functional studies. The hypothesis that the cause in at least some patients with UCH is a somatic mutation in a gene that controls cell growth could not be confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Nolte
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC/Emma Children's Hospital, and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Alders
- Laboratory for Genome Diagnostics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L H E Karssemakers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC/Emma Children's Hospital, and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A G Becking
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC/Emma Children's Hospital, and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - R C M Hennekam
- Department of Paediatrics and Translational Genetics, Amsterdam UMC/Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Nolte JW, Alders M, Karssemakers LHE, Becking AG, Hennekam RCM. Unilateral condylar hyperplasia in hemifacial hyperplasia, is there genetic proof of overgrowth? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49:1464-1469. [PMID: 32249036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemifacial hyperplasia (HFH) is characterized by an increase in volume of all affected tissues of half of the face. It is present at birth, subsequently grows proportionally, and stops growing before adulthood. Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) consists of progressive asymmetric growth of the mandible and develops typically in early adulthood. Both disorders have an unknown aetiology. The overgrowth limited to one body part suggests somatic mosaicism, as this has been found in other similar localized overgrowth disorders. Often this includes a variant in a gene in the (PIK3CA)/PI3K/(PTEN)/AKT1/mTOR pathway. Here we report the case of an HFH patient with asymmetry present at birth, in whom a progressive growth pattern similar to UCH subsequently occurred, causing marked mandibular asymmetry. A condylectomy was successfully performed to stop the progressive growth. Somatic mosaicism for a mutation in PIK3CA was detected in the condylar tissue. This finding might indicate that both HFH and UCH can be caused by variants in genes in the (PIK3CA)/PI3K/(PTEN)/AKT1/mTOR pathway, similar to other disorders that result in asymmetrical bodily overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Nolte
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC/Emma Children's Hospital, and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Alders
- Laboratory of Genome Diagnostics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L H E Karssemakers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC/Emma Children's Hospital, and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A G Becking
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC/Emma Children's Hospital, and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - R C M Hennekam
- Department of Paediatrics and Translational Genetics, Amsterdam UMC/Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Krzyzewska IM, Maas SM, Henneman P, Lip KVD, Venema A, Baranano K, Chassevent A, Aref-Eshghi E, van Essen AJ, Fukuda T, Ikeda H, Jacquemont M, Kim HG, Labalme A, Lewis SME, Lesca G, Madrigal I, Mahida S, Matsumoto N, Rabionet R, Rajcan-Separovic E, Qiao Y, Sadikovic B, Saitsu H, Sweetser DA, Alders M, Mannens MMAM. A genome-wide DNA methylation signature for SETD1B-related syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:156. [PMID: 31685013 PMCID: PMC6830011 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SETD1B is a component of a histone methyltransferase complex that specifically methylates Lys-4 of histone H3 (H3K4) and is responsible for the epigenetic control of chromatin structure and gene expression. De novo microdeletions encompassing this gene as well as de novo missense mutations were previously linked to syndromic intellectual disability (ID). Here, we identify a specific hypermethylation signature associated with loss of function mutations in the SETD1B gene which may be used as an epigenetic marker supporting the diagnosis of syndromic SETD1B-related diseases. We demonstrate the clinical utility of this unique epi-signature by reclassifying previously identified SETD1B VUS (variant of uncertain significance) in two patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Krzyzewska
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Genome Diagnostics laboratory Amsterdam, Reproduction & Development, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Maas
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Henneman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Genome Diagnostics laboratory Amsterdam, Reproduction & Development, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K V D Lip
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Genome Diagnostics laboratory Amsterdam, Reproduction & Development, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Venema
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Genome Diagnostics laboratory Amsterdam, Reproduction & Development, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Baranano
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Department of Neurogenetics, 801 N. Broadway, Rm 564, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - A Chassevent
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Department of Neurogenetics, 801 N. Broadway, Rm 564, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - E Aref-Eshghi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, 800 Commissioner's Road E, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - A J van Essen
- University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Medical Genetics, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - H Ikeda
- National Epilepsy Centre, NHO, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - M Jacquemont
- Department of medical genetics, CHU La Reunion-Groupe Hospitalier Sud Reunion, La Reunion, France
| | - H-G Kim
- Neurological Disorder Center Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Labalme
- Department of medical genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - S M E Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia University of British Columbia, C234-4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - G Lesca
- Department of medical genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - I Madrigal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Mahida
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Department of Neurogenetics, 801 N. Broadway, Rm 564, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - N Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - R Rabionet
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, av diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia University of British Columbia, C234-4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Y Qiao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia University of British Columbia, C234-4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - B Sadikovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, 800 Commissioner's Road E, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - H Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - D A Sweetser
- MassGeneral Hospital, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, 175 Cambridge St, Suite 500, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - M Alders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Genome Diagnostics laboratory Amsterdam, Reproduction & Development, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M M A M Mannens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Genome Diagnostics laboratory Amsterdam, Reproduction & Development, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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11
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Krzyzewska IM, Alders M, Maas SM, Bliek J, Venema A, Henneman P, Rezwan FI, Lip KVD, Mul AN, Mackay DJG, Mannens MMAM. Genome-wide methylation profiling of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome patients without molecular confirmation after routine diagnostics. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:53. [PMID: 30898153 PMCID: PMC6429826 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is caused due to the disturbance of imprinted genes at chromosome 11p15. The molecular confirmation of this syndrome is possible in approximately 85% of the cases, whereas in the remaining 15% of the cases, the underlying defect remains unclear. The goal of our research was to identify new epigenetic loci related to BWS. We studied a group of 25 patients clinically diagnosed with BWS but without molecular conformation after DNA diagnostics and performed a whole genome methylation analysis using the HumanMethylation450 Array (Illumina).We found hypermethylation throughout the methylome in two BWS patients. The hypermethylated sites in these patients overlapped and included both non-imprinted and imprinted regions. This finding was not previously described in any BWS-diagnosed patient.Furthermore, one BWS patient exhibited aberrant methylation in four maternally methylated regions-IGF1R, NHP2L1, L3MBTL, and ZDBF2-that overlapped with the differentially methylated regions found in BWS patients with multi-locus imprinting disturbance (MLID). This finding suggests that the BWS phenotype can result from MLID without detectable methylation defects in the primarily disease-associated loci (11p15). Another patient manifested small but significant aberrant methylation in disease-associated loci at 11p near H19, possibly confirming the diagnosis in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Krzyzewska
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Alders
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Maas
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Bliek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Venema
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Henneman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F I Rezwan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K V D Lip
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A N Mul
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J G Mackay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M M A M Mannens
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Christiaans I, Mook ORF, Alders M, Bikker H, Lekanne Dit Deprez RH. Large next-generation sequencing gene panels in genetic heart disease: challenges in clinical practice. Neth Heart J 2019; 27:299-303. [PMID: 30847665 PMCID: PMC6533326 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-019-1251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Next-generation sequencing gene panels are increasingly used for genetic diagnosis in inherited cardiac diseases. Besides pathogenic variants, multiple variants, variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and incidental findings can be detected. Such test results can be challenging for counselling and clinical decision making. Methods We present patient cases to illustrate the challenges that can arise when unclear genetic test results are detected in cardiogenetic gene panels. Results We identified three types of challenging gene panel results: 1) one or more VUS in combination with a pathogenic variant, 2) variants associated with another genetic heart disease, and 3) variants associated with a syndrome involving cardiac features. Conclusion Large gene panels not only increase the detection rates of pathogenic variants but also of variants with uncertain pathogenicity, multiple variants and incidental findings. Gene panel results can be challenging for genetic counselling and require proper pre-test and post-test counselling. We advise evaluation of challenging cases by a multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Christiaans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - O R F Mook
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Bikker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R H Lekanne Dit Deprez
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Paolacci S, Li Y, Agolini E, Bellacchio E, Arboleda-Bustos CE, Carrero D, Bertola D, Al-Gazali L, Alders M, Altmüller J, Arboleda G, Beleggia F, Bruselles A, Ciolfi A, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Krieg T, Mohammed S, Müller C, Novelli A, Ortega J, Sandoval A, Velasco G, Yigit G, Arboleda H, Lopez-Otin C, Wollnik B, Tartaglia M, Hennekam RC. Specific combinations of biallelic POLR3A variants cause Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome. J Med Genet 2018; 55:837-846. [PMID: 30323018 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (WRS) is a form of segmental progeria presenting neonatally, characterised by growth retardation, sparse scalp hair, generalised lipodystrophy with characteristic local fatty tissue accumulations and unusual face. We aimed to understand its molecular cause. METHODS We performed exome sequencing in two families, targeted sequencing in 10 other families and performed in silico modelling studies and transcript processing analyses to explore the structural and functional consequences of the identified variants. RESULTS Biallelic POLR3A variants were identified in eight affected individuals and monoallelic variants of the same gene in four other individuals. In the latter, lack of genetic material precluded further analyses. Multiple variants were found to affect POLR3A transcript processing and were mostly located in deep intronic regions, making clinical suspicion fundamental to detection. While biallelic POLR3A variants have been previously reported in 4H syndrome and adolescent-onset progressive spastic ataxia, recurrent haplotypes specifically occurring in individuals with WRS were detected. All WRS-associated POLR3A amino acid changes were predicted to perturb substantially POLR3A structure/function. CONCLUSION Biallelic mutations in POLR3A, which encodes for the largest subunit of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III, underlie WRS. No isolated functional sites in POLR3A explain the phenotype variability in POLR3A-related disorders. We suggest that specific combinations of compound heterozygous variants must be present to cause the WRS phenotype. Our findings expand the molecular mechanisms contributing to progeroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Paolacci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza "University of Rome", Rome, Italy
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Carlos E Arboleda-Bustos
- Neuroscience and Cell Death Group, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Dido Carrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Debora Bertola
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, e Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Paediatric, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariel Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Centre for Genomics and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Arboleda
- Neuroscience and Cell Death Group, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Jenny Ortega
- Neuroscience and Cell Death Group, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Adrian Sandoval
- Neuroscience and Cell Death Group, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Gloria Velasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Humberto Arboleda
- Neuroscience and Cell Death Group, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carlos Lopez-Otin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Adadi N, Lahrouchi N, Bouhouch R, Fellat I, Amri R, Alders M, Sefiani A, Bezzina C, Ratbi I. Clinical and molecular findings in a Moroccan family with Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2017; 11:88. [PMID: 28364778 PMCID: PMC5376485 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-017-1243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man 220400) is a rare autosomal recessive cardioauditory ion channel disorder that affects 1/200,000 to 1/1,000,000 children. It is characterized by congenital profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, a long QT interval, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and episodes of torsade de pointes on an electrocardiogram. Cardiac symptoms arise mostly in early childhood and consist of syncopal episodes during periods of stress, exercise, or fright and are associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in KCNQ1 on 11p15.5 or KCNE1 on 1q22.1-q22.2. Case presentation We report the case of a 10-year-old Moroccan boy with congenital hearing loss and severely prolonged QT interval who presented with multiple episodes of syncope. His parents are first-degree cousins. We performed Sanger sequencing and identified a homozygous variant in KCNQ1 (c.1343dupC, p.Glu449Argfs*14). Conclusions The identification of the genetic substrate in this patient confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome and allowed us to provide him with appropriate management and genetic counseling to his family. In addition, this finding contributes to our understanding of genetic disease in the Moroccan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Adadi
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco. .,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - N Lahrouchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Bouhouch
- Electrophysiologie et Stimulation Cardiaque, Clinique Belvédère, Rabat, Morocco
| | - I Fellat
- Electrophysiologie et Stimulation Cardiaque, Clinique Belvédère, Rabat, Morocco
| | - R Amri
- Service de Cardiologie B, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Sefiani
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - C Bezzina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Ratbi
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
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15
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Jenewein T, Beckmann BM, Rose S, Osterhues HH, Schmidt U, Wolpert C, Miny P, Marschall C, Alders M, Bezzina CR, Wilde AAM, Kääb S, Kauferstein S. Genotype-phenotype dilemma in a case of sudden cardiac death with the E1053K mutation and a deletion in the SCN5A gene. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 275:187-194. [PMID: 28391114 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A may result in various arrhythmia syndromes such as long QT syndrome type 3 (LQTS), Brugada syndrome (BrS), sick sinus syndrome (SSS), cardiac conduction diseases (CCD) and possibly dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In most of these inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndromes the phenotypical expression may range from asymptomatic phenotypes to sudden cardiac death (SCD). A 16-year-old female died during sleep. Autopsy did not reveal any explanation for her death and a genetic analysis was performed. A variant in the SCN5A gene (E1053K) that was previously described as disease causing was detected. Family members are carriers of the same E1053K variant, some even in a homozygous state, but surprisingly did not exhibit any pathological cardiac phenotype. Due to the lack of genotype-phenotype correlation further genetic studies were performed. A novel deletion in the promoter region of SCN5A was identified in the sudden death victim but was absent in other family members. These findings demonstrate the difficulties in interpreting the results of a family-based genetic screening and underline the phenotypic variability of SCN5A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jenewein
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B M Beckmann
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; German Cardiovascular Research Center (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - S Rose
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H H Osterhues
- District Hospital Loerrach, Medical Clinic, Loerrach, Germany
| | - U Schmidt
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Wolpert
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Cardiology Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - P Miny
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Marschall
- Center of Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics, Martinsried, Germany
| | - M Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C R Bezzina
- Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A A M Wilde
- Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S Kääb
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; German Cardiovascular Research Center (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - S Kauferstein
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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16
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Menke LA, Engelen M, Alders M, Odekerken VJJ, Baas F, Cobben JM. Recurrent GNAO1 Mutations Associated With Developmental Delay and a Movement Disorder. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:1598-1601. [PMID: 27625011 DOI: 10.1177/0883073816666474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2 unrelated patients with axial hypotonia, developmental delay and a hyperkinetic movement disorder, a missense mutation was found in codon 209 of the GNAO1 gene. From the still scarce literature on GNAO1 mutations, a clear genotype-phenotype correlation emerged. From the 26 patients reported thus far, 12 patients had epileptic encephalopathy, and 14 had a developmental delay and a hyperkinetic movement disorder. All but 1 of the latter patients had missense mutations in GNAO1 codon 209 or 246, which thus appear to be mutation hotspots. At least 2 sibling pairs showed that the recurrence risk after 1 affected child with a GNAO1 mutation might be relatively high (5-15%), due to apparent gonadal mosaicism in the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie A Menke
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Engelen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariel Alders
- Department of Medical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frank Baas
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M Cobben
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
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Alders M, Winterhalder D, Wessling M. Membranprozesse zur Heliumgewinnung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fernlund E, Lundin C, Hertervig E, Kongstad O, Alders M, Platonov P. Novel mutation in the KCNJ2 gene is associated with a malignant arrhythmic phenotype of Andersen-Tawil syndrome. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2014; 18:471-8. [PMID: 24047492 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare inherited multisystem disorder associated with mutations in KCNJ2 and low prevalence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Our aim was to describe the clinical course of ATS in a family, in which the proband survived aborted cardiac arrest (ACA) and genetic screening revealed a previously unknown mutation (c.271_282del12[p.Ala91_Leu94del]) in the KCNJ2 gene. METHODS A cascade family screening was performed in a 5-generation family after identification of the KCNJ2 mutation in the proband. Subsequently, 10 of 21 screened individuals appeared to be mutation carriers (median age 38 [range 10-75] years, 3 female). Mutation carriers underwent clinical examination including biochemistry panel, cardiac ultrasound, Holter ECG, and exercise stress test. RESULTS (1) At baseline, 2 patients had survived ACA, 3 had syncope or presyncopal attacks, and 2 reported palpitations. Exercise-induced nonsustained bidirectional ventricular tachycardia was documented in 4 patients, 2 received implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) for primary prevention and 2 for secondary prevention. (2) During follow-up, 1 primary prevention and 1 secondary prevention patient received in total 4 adequate ICD shocks. Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias were documented during childhood in 5 of 10 mutation carriers. (3) All mutation carriers presented with characteristic mild dysmorphic features. Only 1 patient suffered from periodic paralysis. All had normal serum potassium level at repeated assessments and none had any other extracardiac disease manifestation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the novel KCNJ2 mutation is associated with a predominantly cardiac phenotype of Andersen-Tawil syndrome with high propensity to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias presenting from childhood and young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fernlund
- Childrens Heart Center, Lund University and Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Posafalvi A, van den Berg MP, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Bollen IAE, Sliwa K, Alders M, Almomani R, van Langen IM, van der Meer P, Sinke RJ, van der Velden J, Van Veldhuisen DJ, van Tintelen JP, Jongbloed JDH. Titin gene mutations are common in families with both peripartum cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:2165-73. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Postma AV, Alders M, Sylva M, Bilardo CM, Pajkrt E, van Rijn RR, Schulte-Merker S, Bulk S, Stefanovic S, Ilgun A, Barnett P, Mannens MMAM, Moorman AFM, Oostra RJ, van Maarle MC. Mutations in the T (brachyury) gene cause a novel syndrome consisting of sacral agenesis, abnormal ossification of the vertebral bodies and a persistent notochordal canal. J Med Genet 2013; 51:90-7. [PMID: 24253444 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T gene (brachyury gene) is the founding member of the T-box family of transcription factors and is vital for the formation and differentiation of the mesoderm and the axial development of all vertebrates. RESULTS We report here on four patients from three consanguineous families exhibiting sacral agenesis, a persistent notochordal canal and abnormal ossification of the vertebral bodies, and the identification and characterisation of their underlying genetic defect. Given the consanguineous nature and the similarity of the phenotypes between the three families, we performed homozygosity mapping and identified a common 4.1 Mb homozygous region on chromosome 6q27, containing T, brachyury homologue (mouse) or T. Sequencing of T in the affected individuals led to the identification of a homozygous missense mutation, p.H171R, in the highly conserved T-box. The homozygous mutation results in diminished DNA binding, increased cell growth, and interferes with the normal expression of genes involved in ossification, notochord maintenance and axial mesoderm development. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a shared homozygous mutation in three families in T and linked it to a novel syndrome consisting of sacral agenesis, a persistent notochordal canal and abnormal ossification of the vertebral bodies. We suggest that screening for the ossification of the vertebrae is warranted in patients with sacral agenesis to evaluate the possible causal involvement of T.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Postma
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Postema PG, Ten Sande JN, Christiaans I, Ling X, Alders M, Boekholdt M, Varro A, Nattel S, Bezzina CR, Wilde AAM. Characterisation of familial idiopathic ventricular fibrillation linked to DPP6. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.4559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Postema PG, Christiaans I, Hofman N, Alders M, Koopmann TT, Bezzina CR, Loh P, Zeppenfeld K, Volders PGA, Wilde AAM. Founder mutations in the Netherlands: familial idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and DPP6. Neth Heart J 2013; 19:290-6. [PMID: 21512816 PMCID: PMC3111577 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-011-0102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this part of a series on founder mutations in the Netherlands, we review familial idiopathic ventricular fibrillation linked to the DPP6 gene. Familial idiopathic ventricular fibrillation determines an intriguing subset of the inheritable arrhythmia syndromes as there is no recognisable phenotype during cardiological investigation other than ventricular arrhythmias highly associated with sudden cardiac death. Until recently, it was impossible to identify presymptomatic family members at risk for fatal events. We uncovered several genealogically linked families affected by numerous sudden cardiac deaths over the past centuries, attributed to familial idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Notably, ventricular fibrillation in these families was provoked by very short coupled monomorphic extrasystoles. We were able to associate their phenotype of lethal arrhythmic events with a haplotype harbouring the DPP6 gene. While this gene has not earlier been related to cardiac arrhythmias, we are now able, for the first time, to identify and to offer timely treatment to presymptomatic family members at risk for future fatal events solely by genetic analysis. Therefore, when there is a familial history of unexplained sudden cardiac deaths, a link to the DPP6 gene may be explored as it may enable risk evaluation of the remaining family members. In addition, when closely coupled extrasystoles initiate ventricular fibrillation in the absence of other identifiable causes, a link to the DPP6 gene should be suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Postema
- Department of Cardiology and Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Alders M, Mendola A, Adès L, Al Gazali L, Bellini C, Dallapiccola B, Edery P, Frank U, Hornshuh F, Huisman SA, Jagadeesh S, Kayserili H, Keng WT, Lev D, Prada CE, Sampson JR, Schmidtke J, Shashi V, van Bever Y, Van der Aa N, Verhagen JM, Verheij JB, Vikkula M, Hennekam RC. Evaluation of Clinical Manifestations in Patients with Severe Lymphedema with and without CCBE1 Mutations. Mol Syndromol 2012; 4:107-13. [PMID: 23653581 DOI: 10.1159/000342486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphedema-lymphangiectasia-intellectual disability (Hennekam) syndrome (HS) is characterised by a widespread congenital lymph vessel dysplasia manifesting as congenital lymphedema of the limbs and intestinal lymphangiectasia, accompanied by unusual facial morphology, variable intellectual disabilities and infrequently malformations. The syndrome is heterogeneous as mutations in the gene CCBE1 have been found responsible for the syndrome in only a subset of patients. We investigated whether it would be possible to predict the presence of a CCBE1 mutation based on phenotype by collecting clinical data of patients diagnosed with HS, with or without a CCBE1 mutation. We report here the results of 13 CCBE1 positive patients, 16 CCBE1 negative patients, who were clinically found to have classical HS, and 8 patients in whom the diagnosis was considered possible, but not certain, and in whom no CCBE1 mutation was identified. We found no statistically significant phenotypic differences between the 2 groups with the clinical HS phenotype, although the degree of lymphatic dysplasia tended to be more pronounced in the mutation positive group. We also screened 158 patients with less widespread and less pronounced forms of lymphatic dysplasia for CCBE1 mutations, and no mutation was detected in this group. Our results suggest that (1) CCBE1 mutations are present only in patients with a likely clinical diagnosis of HS, and not in patients with less marked forms of lymphatic dysplasia, and (2) that there are no major phenotypic differences between HS patients with or without CCBE1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Segers H, Kersseboom R, Alders M, Pieters R, Wagner A, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. Frequency of WT1 and 11p15 constitutional aberrations and phenotypic correlation in childhood Wilms tumour patients. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:3249-56. [PMID: 22796116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 9-17% of Wilms tumour patients a predisposing syndrome is present, in particular WT1-associated syndromes and overgrowth syndromes. Constitutional WT1 mutations or epigenetic changes on chromosome 11p15 have also been described in Wilms tumour patients without phenotypic abnormalities. Thus, the absence of phenotypic abnormalities does not exclude the presence of a genetic predisposition, suggesting that more Wilms tumour patients may have a constitutional abnormality. Therefore, we investigated the frequency of constitutional aberrations in combination with phenotype. PATIENTS & METHODS Clinical genetic assessment, as well as molecular analysis of WT1 and locus 11p15 was offered to a single-centre cohort of 109 childhood Wilms tumour patients. RESULTS Twelve patients (11%) had a WT1 aberration and eight patients (8%) had an 11p15 aberration. Of the 12 patients with a WT1 aberration, four had WAGR syndrome (Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary malformations and mental retardation), one had Denys-Drash syndrome, four had genitourinary anomalies without other syndromic features and three had bilateral disease with stromal-predominant histology at young age without congenital anomalies. Of the eight patients with an 11p15 aberration, four had Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), two had minor features of BWS and two had no stigmata of BWS or hemihypertrophy. CONCLUSION Constitutional WT1 or 11p15 aberrations are frequent in Wilms tumour patients and careful clinical assessment can identify the majority of these patients. Therefore, we would recommend offering clinical genetic counselling to all Wilms tumour patients, as well as molecular analysis to patients with clinical signs of a syndrome or with features that may indicate a constitutional WT1 or 11p15 aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Segers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hofman N, Jongbloed R, Postema PG, Nannenberg E, Alders M, Wilde AAM. Recurrent and Founder Mutations in the Netherlands: the Long-QT Syndrome. Neth Heart J 2010; 19:10-16. [PMID: 21350584 PMCID: PMC3021187 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-010-0046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is associated with premature sudden cardiac deaths affecting whole families and is caused by mutations in genes encoding for cardiac proteins. When the same mutation is found in different families (recurrent mutations), this may imply either a common ancestor (founder) or multiple de novo mutations. We aimed to review recurrent mutations in patients with LQTS. Methods By use of our databases, we investigated the number of mutations that were found recurrently (at least three times) in LQT type 1–3 patients in the Netherlands. We studied familial links in the apparently unrelated probands, and we visualised the geographical distribution of these probands. Our results were compared with published literature of founder effects in LQTS outside the Netherlands. Results We counted 14 recurrent LQT mutations in the Netherlands. There are 326 identified carriers of one of these mutations. For three of these mutations, familial links were found between apparently unrelated probands. Conclusion Whereas true LQT founder mutations are described elsewhere in the world, we cannot yet demonstrate a real founder effect of these recurrent mutations in the Netherlands. Further studies on the prevalence of these mutations are indicated, and haplotype-sharing of the mutation carriers is pertinent to provide more evidence for founder mutation-based LQTS pathology in our country.
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Wakeling EL, Amero SA, Alders M, Bliek J, Forsythe E, Kumar S, Lim DH, MacDonald F, Mackay DJ, Maher ER, Moore GE, Poole RL, Price SM, Tangeraas T, Turner CLS, Van Haelst MM, Willoughby C, Temple IK, Cobben JM. Epigenotype-phenotype correlations in Silver-Russell syndrome. J Med Genet 2010; 47:760-8. [PMID: 20685669 PMCID: PMC2976034 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2010.079111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterised by intrauterine growth restriction, poor postnatal growth, relative macrocephaly, triangular face and asymmetry. Maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) of chromosome 7 and hypomethylation of the imprinting control region (ICR) 1 on chromosome 11p15 are found in 5–10% and up to 60% of patients with SRS, respectively. As many features are non-specific, diagnosis of SRS remains difficult. Studies of patients in whom the molecular diagnosis is confirmed therefore provide valuable clinical information on the condition. Methods A detailed, prospective study of 64 patients with mUPD7 (n=20) or ICR1 hypomethylation (n=44) was undertaken. Results and conclusions The considerable overlap in clinical phenotype makes it difficult to distinguish these two molecular subgroups reliably. ICR1 hypomethylation was more likely to be scored as ‘classical’ SRS. Asymmetry, fifth finger clinodactyly and congenital anomalies were more commonly seen with ICR1 hypomethylation, whereas learning difficulties and referral for speech therapy were more likely with mUPD7. Myoclonus-dystonia has been reported previously in one mUPD7 patient. The authors report mild movement disorders in three further cases. No correlation was found between clinical severity and level of ICR1 hypomethylation. Use of assisted reproductive technology in association with ICR1 hypomethylation seems increased compared with the general population. ICR1 hypomethylation was also observed in affected siblings, although recurrence risk remains low in the majority of cases. Overall, a wide range of severity was observed, particularly with ICR1 hypomethylation. A low threshold for investigation of patients with features suggestive, but not typical, of SRS is therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetic Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Level 8V, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford Rd, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK.
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Clur SAB, Chockalingam P, Filippini LH, Widyanti AP, Van Cruijsen M, Blom NA, Alders M, Hofman N, Wilde AAM. The role of the epinephrine test in the diagnosis and management of children suspected of having congenital long QT syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 2010; 31:462-8. [PMID: 19957170 PMCID: PMC2858806 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-009-9603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The epinephrine test has been shown to be a powerful tool to predict the genotype of congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS). The aim of this study was to evaluate its role in the diagnosis and management of LQTS in children. The test (using the Shimizu protocol) was conducted in patients with some evidence of LQTS but in whom clinical and management decisions were challenging (n = 41, age 9.6 +/- 3.9 years, 19 female). LQT1, LQT2, and negative responses to epinephrine were obtained in 16, 5, and 20 subjects, respectively. LQTS gene positivity was obtained in two subjects. Beta-blocker therapy was started in all subjects with a positive epinephrine response (n = 21) and in some negative responders because of their strong LQTS phenotype (n = 10). No therapy was given to the subset with less convincing features of LQTS who had also responded negatively to epinephrine (n = 10). Follow-up for 3.0 +/- 2 years was uneventful in both management groups. Due to the discordance with genotyping, the epinephrine test cannot be used to diagnose genotype-positive LQTS but when used in combination with phenotype assessment and genetic screening, it could enable better management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally-Ann B Clur
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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Bliek J, Snijder S, Maas S, Polstra A, van der Lip K, Alders M, Knegt A, Mannens M. Phenotypic discordance upon paternal or maternal transmission of duplications of the 11p15 imprinted regions. Eur J Med Genet 2009; 52:404-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bliek J, Maas S, Alders M, Merks JHM, Mannens M. Epigenotype, phenotype, and tumors in patients with isolated hemihyperplasia. J Pediatr 2008; 153:95-100. [PMID: 18571544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether epigenotyping of patients with isolated hemihyperplasia (IH) can, analogous to genetic screening of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, be used for the prediction of tumor risk and tumor type of individual patients. STUDY DESIGN Methylation analysis of H19 and KCNQ1OT1 of 73 patients. Questionnaires were sent to referring clinicians. RESULTS In 75% of the clinically confirmed patients with IH no epigenetic defect was detected. Paternal uniparental disomy was found in 15%, demethylation of KCNQ1OT1 in only 6%, and hypermethylation of H19 in 3% of isolated hemihyperplasia cases. Ten percent of the patients with IH had development of a childhood tumor associated with paternal uniparental disomy (2/8) or no methylation defect (2/30). No genetic defect was detected in 10 of 14 additional patients with cancer with IH. In these latter patients, a methylation defect of H19 was seen 3 times and a paternal uniparental disomy once. The female-to-male ratio was 6:1. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant methylation of the 11p15 region is not common in patients with IH and can at present not be used for tumor risk determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In children aged 1 to 18 years, the causes of sudden cardiac death may remain unresolved when autopsy results are negative. Because inherited cardiac diseases are likely, cardiologic and genetic investigations of relatives may still yield the diagnosis in these cases. Moreover, these investigations provide timely identification of relatives who are also at risk of sudden cardiac death. We aimed to establish the cause of sudden cardiac death in the children of whom the family was referred to our cardiogenetics department and the diagnostic yield of these investigations. METHODS AND RESULTS We genetically counseled 25 consecutive, unrelated families after sudden cardiac death of a child (aged 1 to 18 years) who was disease-free during lifetime and in whose family there was no known inherited heart disease. We performed cardiac investigation (electrocardiography, exercise testing, and echocardiography) of first-degree and second-degree relatives and performed diagnosis-directed DNA analysis. Autopsy was performed in 20 case subjects. A diagnosis was identified in 14 of 25 families. In addition, we studied 10 children after aborted sudden cardiac death; in 6 of them, a diagnosis was made. Overall, in 17 of the 19 families in whom an inherited disease was diagnosed, a disease-causing mutation in either a first-degree relative or the index patient confirmed the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Sudden cardiac death in children seems to be caused often by inherited cardiac diseases. Cardiac and genetic examination of relatives combined, if possible, with postmortem analysis after sudden cardiac death of a child has a high diagnostic yield (14 of 25), comparable to analysis in surviving victims of sudden cardiac death (6 of 10). Because sudden cardiac death can be prevented by timely treatment, these results warrant active family screening after unexplained sudden cardiac death of a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke Hofman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hofman N, Postema PG, van Langen IM, Nannenberg EA, Alders M, Jongbloed R, Smeets HJM, Wilde AAM. [Genetic identification of patients and families with a long-QT syndrome: large regional differences in the result of 10 years]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2007; 151:644-8. [PMID: 17441570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern of referral of Dutch patients with a long-QT syndrome (LQTS) on the basis of the postal codes of the LQTS probands from whom blood samples were submitted for DNA diagnostics. DESIGN . Retrospective cohort study. METHOD From the databases that are coupled to DNA diagnostics, all index patients were included for whom LQTS diagnostics had been requested during the period 1996-2005 at two clinical genetics centres (the University Medical Centre in Amsterdam and Maastricht University Hospital). The results were related to the postal code of the referred patient and corrected for the number of inhabitants of the region concerned. RESULTS A total of 421 potential LQTS probands were included. Corrected for the numbers of inhabitants in the various postal codes, the number of referrals varied from 3 per million to 110 per million inhabitants. In view of the most recent estimated prevalence of LQTS (1:2000), this means that only 15% ofthe carriers of the LQTS mutation have so far been detected. CONCLUSION There were large regional differences in the Netherlands in the requests for DNA diagnostics in patients with clinical LQTS. The overwhelming majority of the LQTS patients in the Netherlands have not yet been referred or identified. Expanding the available courses for general practitioners and cardiologists that are given by the staff of the cardiogenetic centres would seem to be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hofman
- Academisch Medisch Centrum/Universiteit van Amsterdam, Huispost M0-229, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam.
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Postma AV, Denjoy I, Kamblock J, Alders M, Lupoglazoff JM, Vaksmann G, Dubosq-Bidot L, Sebillon P, Mannens MMAM, Guicheney P, Wilde AAM. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: RYR2 mutations, bradycardia, and follow up of the patients. J Med Genet 2006; 42:863-70. [PMID: 16272262 PMCID: PMC1735955 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.028993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess underlying genetic cause(s), clinical features, and response to therapy in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) probands. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified 13 missense mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2) in 12 probands with CPVT. Twelve were new, of which two are de novo mutations. A further 11 patients were silent gene carriers, suggesting that some mutations are associated with low penetrance. A marked resting sinus bradycardia off drugs was observed in all carriers. On beta blocker treatment, 98% of the RYR2 mutation carriers remained symptom free with a median follow up of 2 (range: 2-37) years. CONCLUSION CPVT patients with RYR2 mutation have bradycardia regardless of the site of the mutation, which could direct molecular diagnosis in (young) patients without structural heart disease presenting with syncopal events and a slow heart rate but with normal QTc at resting ECG. Treatment with beta blockers has been very effective in our CPVT patients during initial or short term follow up. Given the risk of sudden death and the efficacy of beta blocker therapy, the identification of large numbers of RYR2 mutations thus calls for genetic screening, early diagnosis, and subsequent preventive strategies.
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Lekanne Deprez RH, Muurling-Vlietman JJ, Hruda J, Baars MJH, Wijnaendts LCD, Stolte-Dijkstra I, Alders M, van Hagen JM. Two cases of severe neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by compound heterozygous mutations in the MYBPC3 gene. J Med Genet 2006; 43:829-32. [PMID: 16679492 PMCID: PMC2563166 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic (primary) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is mainly caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. One of the most commonly mutated HCM genes is the myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) gene. Mutations in this gene lead mainly to truncation of the protein which gives rise to a relatively mild phenotype. Pure HCM in neonates is rare and most of the time childhood HCM occurs in association with another underlying condition. OBJECTIVE To study the presence of mutations in the MYBPC3 gene in idiopathic childhood HCM. METHODS MYBPC3 coding region and splice junction variation were analysed by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and sequencing in DNA isolated from two neonates with severe unexplained HCM, who died within the first weeks of life. RESULTS Truncating mutations were found in both alleles of the MYBPC3 gene in both patients, suggesting there was no functional copy of the MYBPC3 protein. Patient 1 carried the maternally inherited c.2373_2374insG mutation and the paternally inherited splice-donor site mutation c.1624+1G-->A. Patient 2 carried the maternally inherited frameshift mutation c.3288delA (p.Glu1096fsX92) and the paternally inherited non-sense mutation c.2827C-->T (p.Arg943X). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate the need for mutation analysis of genes encoding sarcomeric proteins in childhood HCM and the possibility of compound heterozygosity.
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Kuijpers TW, Alders M, Tool ATJ, Mellink C, Roos D, Hennekam RCM. Hematologic abnormalities in Shwachman Diamond syndrome: lack of genotype-phenotype relationship. Blood 2005; 106:356-61. [PMID: 15769891 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-11-4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by short stature, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and hematologic defects. The causative SBDS gene was sequenced in 20 of 23 unrelated patients with clinical SDS. Mutations in the SBDS gene were found in 75%, being identical in 11 patients. Hematologic parameters for all 3 lineages were determined over time such as absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs), granulocyte functions, and erythroid and myeloid colony formation (erythroid burst-forming unit [BFU-E] and granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming unit [CFU-GM]) from hematopoietic progenitor cells, percentage of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), and platelet counts. Persistent neutropenia was present in 43% in the absence of apoptosis and unrelated to chemotaxis defects (in 65%) or infection rate. Irrespective of the ANC in vivo, abnormal CFU-GM was observed in all patients with SDS tested (14 of 14), whereas BFU-E was less often affected (9 of 14). Cytogenetic aberrations occurred in 5 of 19 patients in the absence of myelodysplasia. One child died during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In conclusion, neutropenia and defective chemotaxis did not result in severe clinical infection in SDS. CFU-GMs were impaired in all patients tested. From the SBDS sequence data, we conclude that in patients with genetically proven SDS a genotype-phenotype relationship in SDS does not exist in clinical and hematologic terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taco W Kuijpers
- Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The electrocardiographic short QT-interval syndrome forms a distinct clinical entity presenting with a high rate of sudden death and exceptionally short QT intervals. The disorder has recently been linked to gain-of-function mutation in KCNH2. The present study demonstrates that this disorder is genetically heterogeneous and can also be caused by mutation in the KCNQ1 gene. METHODS AND RESULTS A 70-year man presented with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Both immediately after the episode and much later, his QT interval was abnormally short without any other physical or electrophysiological anomalies. Analysis of candidate genes identified a g919c substitution in KCNQ1 encoding the K+ channel KvLQT1. Functional studies of the KvLQT1 V307L mutant (alone or coexpressed with the wild-type channel, in the presence of IsK) revealed a pronounced shift of the half-activation potential and an acceleration of the activation kinetics leading to a gain of function in I(Ks). When introduced in a human action potential computer model, the modified biophysical parameters predicted repolarization shortening. CONCLUSIONS We present an alternative molecular mechanism for the short QT-interval syndrome. Functional and computational studies of the KCNQ1 V307L mutation identified in a patient with this disorder favor the association of short QT with mutation in KCNQ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bellocq
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Moléculaires, INSERM U533, Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
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Mellink CHM, Alders M, van der Lelie H, Hennekam RHC, Kuijpers TW. SBDS mutations and isochromosome 7q in a patient with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: no predisposition to malignant transformation? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 154:144-9. [PMID: 15474150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2003] [Revised: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a genetic disorder characterized by pancreatic hypoplasia, recurrent infection, and bone marrow (BM) dysfunction. SDS-patients have an increased frequency of myelodysplasia and leukemic transformation. Unspecific cytogenetic aberrations are a common finding in SDS. However, in a rising number of patients abnormalities of chromosome 7 have been reported, especially an i(7)(q10), which seems to be a non-random chromosome abnormality. Recently, the SDS gene has been mapped at locus 7q11 and subsequently cloned; recurrent mutations have been found. We report a case of SDS with an i(7)(q10) in the BM and two different mutations in the SBDS gene. At the age of 25 years, the patient suffers from mild aplastic anemia but does not show any clinical sign of myelodysplasia or leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H M Mellink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Van Langen IM, Birnie E, Alders M, Jongbloed RJ, Le Marec H, Wilde AAM. The use of genotype-phenotype correlations in mutation analysis for the long QT syndrome. J Med Genet 2003; 40:141-5. [PMID: 12566525 PMCID: PMC1735373 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Van Balkom IDC, Alders M, Allanson J, Bellini C, Frank U, De Jong G, Kolbe I, Lacombe D, Rockson S, Rowe P, Wijburg F, Hennekam RCM. Lymphedema-lymphangiectasia-mental retardation (Hennekam) syndrome: a review. Am J Med Genet 2002; 112:412-21. [PMID: 12376947 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Hennekam syndrome is an infrequently reported heritable entity characterized by lymphedema, lymphangiectasia, and developmental delay. Here we add an additional 8 patients, and compare their findings to the 16 cases from the literature. The lymphedema is usually congenital, can be markedly asymmetrical, and, often, gradually progressive. Complications such as erysipelas are common. The lymphangiectasias are present in the intestines, but have also been found in the pleura, pericardium, thyroid gland, and kidney. Several patients have demonstrated congenital cardiac and blood vessel anomalies, pointing to a disturbance of angiogenesis in at least some of the patients. Facial features are variable, and are chiefly characterized, in a typical patient, by a flat face, flat and broad nasal bridge, and hypertelorism. Facial features are thought to mirror the extent of intrauterine facial lymphedema, or may be caused by lymphatic obstruction that affects the early migration of neural crest tissue. Other anomalies have included glaucoma, dental anomalies, hearing loss, and renal anomalies. The psychomotor development varies widely, even within a single family, from almost normal development to severe mental retardation. Convulsions are common. The existence of 10 familial cases, equal sex ratio, increased parental consanguinity rate (4/20 families), and absence of vertical transmission are consistent with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. It seems likely that most (but not all) manifestations of the entity can be explained as sequences of impaired prenatal and postnatal lymphatic flow, suggesting that the causative gene(s) should have a major function in lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge D C Van Balkom
- Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Oranjestad, Aruba, Dutch West Indies
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Gianotten J, van der Veen F, Alders M, Leschot N, Mannens M, Hoffer M. ZNF214: a candidate gene for impaired spermatogenesis. Fertil Steril 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bliek J, Maas SM, Ruijter JM, Hennekam RC, Alders M, Westerveld A, Mannens MM. Increased tumour risk for BWS patients correlates with aberrant H19 and not KCNQ1OT1 methylation: occurrence of KCNQ1OT1 hypomethylation in familial cases of BWS. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:467-76. [PMID: 11181570 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.5.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth malformation syndrome that maps to human chromosome 11p15.5, a region that harbours a number of imprinted genes. We studied the methylation status of H19 and KCNQ1OT1 (LIT1/KvDMR1) in a large series of BWS patients. Different patient groups were identified: group I patients (20%) with uniparental disomy and hence aberrant methylation of H19 and KCNQ1OT1; group II patients (7%) with a BWS imprinting centre 1 (BWSIC1) defect causing aberrant methylation of H19 only; group III patients (55%) with a BWS imprinting centre 2 (BWSIC2) defect causing aberrant methylation of KCNQ1OT1 only; and group IV patients (18%) with normal methylation patterns for both H19 and KCNQ1OT1. BWS patients have an increased risk of developing childhood tumours. In our patient group, out of 31 patients (group III) with KCNQ1OT1 demethylation only, none developed a tumour. However, tumours were found in 33% of patients with H19 hypermethylation (group I and II) and in 20% of patients with no detectable genetic defect (group IV). All four familial cases of BWS showed reduced methylation of KCNQ1OT1, suggesting that in these cases the imprinting switch mechanism is disturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Alders M, Ryan A, Hodges M, Bliek J, Feinberg AP, Privitera O, Westerveld A, Little PF, Mannens M. Disruption of a novel imprinted zinc-finger gene, ZNF215, in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 66:1473-84. [PMID: 10762538 PMCID: PMC1378011 DOI: 10.1086/302892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/1999] [Accepted: 03/03/2000] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetics of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is complex and is thought to involve multiple genes. It is known that three regions on chromosome 11p15 (BWSCR1, BWSCR2, and BWSCR3) may play a role in the development of BWS. BWSCR2 is defined by two BWS breakpoints. Here we describe the cloning and sequence analysis of 73 kb containing BWSCR2. Within this region, we detected a novel zinc-finger gene, ZNF215. We show that two of its five alternatively spliced transcripts are disrupted by both BWSCR2 breakpoints. Parts of the 3' end of these splice forms are transcribed from the antisense strand of a second zinc-finger gene, ZNF214. We show that ZNF215 is imprinted in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alders
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hoorntje T, Alders M, van Tintelen P, van der Lip K, Sreeram N, van der Wal A, Mannens M, Wilde A. Homozygous premature truncation of the HERG protein : the human HERG knockout. Circulation 1999; 100:1264-7. [PMID: 10491368 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.12.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background-In long-QT syndrome (LQTS), heterozygosity for a mutation in 1 of the K(+) channel genes leads to prolongation of the cardiac action potential, because the aberrant protein exhibits "loss of function." HERG, which is involved in LQT2, is the gene encoding the rapid component of the delayed rectifier, I(Kr). Methods and Results-In a consanguineous family, a stillbirth was followed by the premature birth of a child in distress due to ventricular arrhythmia in the presence of QT prolongation. LQTS was diagnosed, beta-blocker therapy was begun, and a pacemaker was implanted. She developed well and remained symptom-free for 1.5 years. In the index patient, we identified a duplication of bp 558 to 600 in exon 4 of HERG on both alleles. This will result in a frameshift and a premature stop codon before the S1 domain of the HERG protein. Because it is present on both alleles, no functional I(Kr) is anticipated. The same mutation was found heterozygously in both parents and homozygously in the stillborn brother. Conclusions-It is concluded that absence of I(Kr) gives rise to a severe cardiac phenotype, with no indication of malfunction of any other organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hoorntje
- Departments of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (T.H., N.S.), Utrecht
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Abstract
One of the major discoveries in modern genetics is the phenomenon of genomic, or parental, imprinting. The parent-of-origin effects seen after transmission of an imprinted gene from parents to their children do not follow the genetic rules postulated by Gregor Mendel. This has obvious consequences for genetic counselling. Aberrant imprinting can lead to a wide variety of clinical disorders ranging from the development of tumours to pronounced growth abnormalities and from mental retardation to developmental disorders of language or autism as seen in Turner's syndrome. Here we describe the basic principles of genomic imprinting and discuss a number of well-characterized clinical disorders associated with genomic imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Alders M, De Beer J. [Probability distribution of population forecasts]. Maandstat Bevolking 1998; 46:8-11. [PMID: 12348624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Oudejans C, Westerman B, van Elk E, Könst A, Mulders M, Alders M, van Vugt J, van Wijk I, Mannens M. Growth regulation of extraembryonic tissues. The effect of genomic imprinting on development of the placenta. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997; 75:29-32. [PMID: 9447343 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(97)00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Oudejans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Alders M, Hodges M, Hadjantonakis AK, Postmus J, van Wijk I, Bliek J, de Meulemeester M, Westerveld A, Guillemot F, Oudejans C, Little P, Mannens M. The human Achaete-Scute homologue 2 (ASCL2,HASH2) maps to chromosome 11p15.5, close to IGF2 and is expressed in extravillus trophoblasts. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6:859-67. [PMID: 9175731 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/6.6.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we describe the cloning of the human Achaete Scute Homologue 2 (HASH2) gene, officially designated ASCL2 (Achaete Scute complex like 2), a homologue of the Drosophila Achaete and Scute genes. In mouse, this gene is imprinted and maps to chromosome 7. We mapped the human homologue close to IGF2 and H19 at 11p15.5, the human region syntenic with mouse chromosome 7, indicating that this imprinted region is highly conserved in mouse and man. HASH2 is expressed in the extravillus trophoblasts of the developing placenta only. The lack of HASH2 expression in non-malignant hydatidiform (androgenetic) moles indicates that HASH2 is also imprinted in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alders
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academisch Medisch Centrum, The Netherlands
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Nesbit MA, Hodges MD, Campbell L, de Meulemeester TM, Alders M, Rodrigues NR, Talbot K, Theodosiou AM, Mannens MA, Nakamura Y, Little PF, Davies KE. Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of a member of the MAP kinase phosphatase gene family to human chromosome 11p15.5 and a pseudogene to 10q11.2. Genomics 1997; 42:284-94. [PMID: 9192849 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs) play a central role in a variety of signaling pathways. We recently described a novel murine MKP, M3/6, which is uniquely specific for c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase and p38 kinase. Here we report the localization of the human orthologue of this gene, HB5, to within 150 kb of H19 on human chromosome 11p15.5. The gene consists of six exons. Two of the introns in HB5 are not found in other genes of this family, suggesting an evolutionary split between MKPs displaying specificity toward different MAP kinases. An intronless pseudogene is present on chromosome 10q11.2. Although 11p15.5 is an imprinted region, HB5 is almost entirely unmethylated on both alleles in lymphocytes. Chromosome 11p15 has been implicated in the development of a number of tumor types, including lung, a tissue known to express this gene. Loss of heterozygosity was found in one of eight informative lung tumors studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Nesbit
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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48
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Mannens M, Alders M, Redeker B, Bliek J, Steenman M, Wiesmeyer C, de Meulemeester M, Ryan A, Kalikin L, Voûte T, De Kraker J, Hoovers J, Slater R, Feinberg A, Little P, Westerveld A. Positional cloning of genes involved in the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, hemihypertrophy, and associated childhood tumors. Med Pediatr Oncol 1996; 27:490-4. [PMID: 8827079 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199611)27:5<490::aid-mpo17>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth malformation syndrome that occurs with an incidence of 1:13,700 births. There is a striking incidence of childhood tumors found in BWS patients. Various lines of investigation have localized "imprinted" genes involved in BWS and associated childhood tumors to 11p15. High resolution mapping of 8 rare balanced chromosomal BWS rearrangements enabled us to identify three distinct regions on chromosome 11p15 that might harbor genes involved in the above-mentioned disorders. These results suggest genetic heterogeneity that correlates with the clinical heterogeneity seen in the patients studied. Expressed candidate gene sequences from these regions have been cloned and partly sequenced. These transcripts are either disrupted by or are at least within a few kb of these BWS chromosome breakpoints. So far, zinc-finger sequences and one Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain were found in independent candidate genes which are compatible with a regulating function of growth promoting genes. The abundance of expression of these genes varies from low abundant in all adult and fetal tissues tested to detectable on Northern blots of adult tissues. In addition to our 11p15 studies we have analyzed additional chromosome regions, in particular 1p. Cytogenetic, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies have identified 1p35 as a region of interest. A positional cloning effort to identify a balanced 1p35 translocation found in a Wilms tumor has led to the isolation of a YAC, crossing this breakpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mannens
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academisch Medisch Centrum, The Netherlands
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Alders M, Bliek J, Redeker B, Ryan A, Feinberg A, Westerveld A, Little P, Mannens M. Cloning of candidate genes involved in the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and childhood tumors. Med Pediatr Oncol 1996; 27:495-7. [PMID: 8827080 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199611)27:5<495::aid-mpo18>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Alders
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academisch Medisch Centrum, The Netherlands
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Oudeians C, Alders M, Postmus J, van Wijk I, Hodgess H, Hadjantonakis A, Bliek J, de Meulemeester M, Westerfeld A, Little P, Mannens M. Human MASH2 (HASH2) maps to chromosome 11p15 and is expressed in extravillus trophoblast. Placenta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(96)90121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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