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Bosch E, Popp B, Güse E, Skinner C, van der Sluijs PJ, Maystadt I, Pinto AM, Renieri A, Bruno LP, Granata S, Marcelis C, Baysal Ö, Hartwich D, Holthöfer L, Isidor B, Cogne B, Wieczorek D, Capra V, Scala M, De Marco P, Ognibene M, Jamra RA, Platzer K, Carter LB, Kuismin O, van Haeringen A, Maroofian R, Valenzuela I, Cuscó I, Martinez-Agosto JA, Rabani AM, Mefford HC, Pereira EM, Close C, Anyane-Yeboa K, Wagner M, Hannibal MC, Zacher P, Thiffault I, Beunders G, Umair M, Bhola PT, McGinnis E, Millichap J, van de Kamp JM, Prijoles EJ, Dobson A, Shillington A, Graham BH, Garcia EJ, Galindo MK, Ropers FG, Nibbeling EAR, Hubbard G, Karimov C, Goj G, Bend R, Rath J, Morrow MM, Millan F, Salpietro V, Torella A, Nigro V, Kurki M, Stevenson RE, Santen GWE, Zweier M, Campeau PM, Severino M, Reis A, Accogli A, Vasileiou G. Elucidating the clinical and molecular spectrum of SMARCC2-associated NDD in a cohort of 65 affected individuals. Genet Med 2023; 25:100950. [PMID: 37551667 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Coffin-Siris and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndromes are recognizable neurodevelopmental disorders caused by germline variants in BAF complex subunits. The SMARCC2 BAFopathy was recently reported. Herein, we present clinical and molecular data on a large cohort. METHODS Clinical symptoms for 41 novel and 24 previously published affected individuals were analyzed using the Human Phenotype Ontology. For genotype-phenotype correlations, molecular data were standardized and grouped into non-truncating and likely gene-disrupting (LGD) variants. Missense variant protein expression and BAF-subunit interactions were examined using 3D protein modeling, co-immunoprecipitation, and proximity-ligation assays. RESULTS Neurodevelopmental delay with intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, and behavioral disorders were the major manifestations. Clinical hallmarks of BAFopathies were rare. Clinical presentation differed significantly, with LGD variants being predominantly inherited and associated with mildly reduced or normal cognitive development, whereas non-truncating variants were mostly de novo and presented with severe developmental delay. These distinct manifestations and non-truncating variant clustering in functional domains suggest different pathomechanisms. In vitro testing showed decreased protein expression for N-terminal missense variants similar to LGD. CONCLUSION This study improved SMARCC2 variant classification and identified discernible SMARCC2-associated phenotypes for LGD and non-truncating variants, which were distinct from other BAFopathies. The pathomechanism of most non-truncating variants has yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bosch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charitè, Universitätsklinikum Berlin, Centre of Functional Genomics, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Esther Güse
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Anna Maria Pinto
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Pia Bruno
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Granata
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Marcelis
- Human Genetics department, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Özlem Baysal
- Human Genetics department, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dewi Hartwich
- Institute of Human Genetics - University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Holthöfer
- Institute of Human Genetics - University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Valeria Capra
- Genomics and Clinical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marzia Ognibene
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lauren B Carter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Levine Children's Hospital, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Outi Kuismin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Valenzuela
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Medicine Genetics Group, Valle Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivon Cuscó
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Medicine Genetics Group, Valle Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ahna M Rabani
- Department of Pediatrics & Institute for Precision Health, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Elaine M Pereira
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Charlotte Close
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Kwame Anyane-Yeboa
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mallory Wagner
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Pia Zacher
- Epilepsy Center Kleinwachau, Radeberg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City and Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | - Gea Beunders
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Priya T Bhola
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Erin McGinnis
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John Millichap
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jiddeke M van de Kamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Amelle Shillington
- Department of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Evan-Jacob Garcia
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Fabienne G Ropers
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Esther A R Nibbeling
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gail Hubbard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine Karimov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guido Goj
- Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Datteln, Germany
| | - Renee Bend
- PreventionGenetics, Part of Exact Sciences, Marshfield, WI
| | - Julie Rath
- PreventionGenetics, Part of Exact Sciences, Marshfield, WI
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Mitja Kurki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Georgia Vasileiou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), Erlangen, Germany.
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Merz LE, Li SH, Ney G, Michniacki TF, Hannibal MC, Walkovich KJ. Absolute neutrophil count nadir in healthy pediatric patients with the Duffy-null phenotype. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4182-4185. [PMID: 37285802 PMCID: PMC10407121 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Hon Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gina Ney
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Thomas F. Michniacki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark C. Hannibal
- Division of Genetics, Metabolism and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kelly J. Walkovich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Tayeh MK, DeVaul J, LeSueur K, Yang C, Bedoyan JK, Thomas P, Hannibal MC, Innis JW. Novel multilocus imprinting disturbances in a child with expressive language delay and intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2209-2216. [PMID: 35365979 PMCID: PMC9321834 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLID) have been associated with up to 12% of patients with Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome, Silver‐Russell syndrome, and pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B). Single‐gene defects affecting components of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) have been reported in cases with multilocus hypomethylation defects. We present a patient with speech and language impairment with mild Angelman syndrome (AS) features who demonstrates maternal hypomethylation at 15q11.2 (SNRPN) as well as 11p15.5 (KCNQ1OT1) imprinted loci, but normal methylation at 6q24.2 (PLAGL1), 7p12.1 (GRB10), 7q32.2 (MEST), 11p15.5 (H19), 14q32.2 (MEG3), 19q13.43 (PEG3), and 20q13.32 (GNAS and GNAS‐AS1). The proband also has no copy number nor sequence variants within the AS imprinting center or in UBE3A. Maternal targeted next generation sequencing did not identify any pathogenic variants in ZPF57, NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, KHDC3L, PADI6, TLE6, OOEP, UHRF1 or ZAR1. The presence of very delayed, yet functional speech, behavioral difficulties, EEG abnormalities but without clinical seizures, and normocephaly are consistent with the 15q11.2 hypomethylation defect observed in this patient. To our knowledge, this is the first report of MLID in a patient with mild, likely mosaic, Angelman syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan K Tayeh
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Indiana, University Genetics Testing Laboratories, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Janean DeVaul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism and Genomic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristin LeSueur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism and Genomic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism and Genomic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jirair K Bedoyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peedikayil Thomas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism and Genomic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Innis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism and Genomic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Steele JL, Morrow MM, Sarnat HB, Alkhunaizi E, Brandt T, Chitayat DA, DeFilippo CP, Douglas GV, Dubbs HA, Elloumi HZ, Glassford MR, Hannibal MC, Héron B, Kim LE, Marco EJ, Mignot C, Monaghan KG, Myers KA, Parikh S, Quinonez SC, Rajabi F, Shankar SP, Shinawi MS, van de Kamp JJP, Veerapandiyan A, Waldman AT, Graf WD. Semaphorin-Plexin Signaling: From Axonal Guidance to a New X-Linked Intellectual Disability Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2022; 126:65-73. [PMID: 34740135 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semaphorins and plexins are ligands and cell surface receptors that regulate multiple neurodevelopmental processes such as axonal growth and guidance. PLXNA3 is a plexin gene located on the X chromosome that encodes the most widely expressed plexin receptor in fetal brain, plexin-A3. Plexin-A3 knockout mice demonstrate its role in semaphorin signaling in vivo. The clinical manifestations of semaphorin/plexin neurodevelopmental disorders have been less widely explored. This study describes the neurological and neurodevelopmental phenotypes of boys with maternally inherited hemizygous PLXNA3 variants. METHODS Data-sharing through GeneDx and GeneMatcher allowed identification of individuals with autism or intellectual disabilities (autism/ID) and hemizygous PLXNA3 variants in collaboration with their physicians and genetic counselors, who completed questionnaires about their patients. In silico analyses predicted pathogenicity for each PLXNA3 variant. RESULTS We assessed 14 boys (mean age, 10.7 [range 2 to 25] years) with maternally inherited hemizygous PLXNA3 variants and autism/ID ranging from mild to severe. Other findings included fine motor dyspraxia (92%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity traits, and aggressive behaviors (63%). Six patients (43%) had seizures. Thirteen boys (93%) with PLXNA3 variants showed novel or very low allele frequencies and probable damaging/disease-causing pathogenicity in one or more predictors. We found a genotype-phenotype correlation between PLXNA3 cytoplasmic domain variants (exons 22 to 32) and more severe neurodevelopmental disorder phenotypes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We report 14 boys with maternally inherited, hemizygous PLXNA3 variants and a range of neurodevelopmental disorders suggesting a novel X-linked intellectual disability syndrome. Greater understanding of PLXNA3 variant pathogenicity in humans will require additional clinical, computational, and experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harvey B Sarnat
- Departments of Paediatrics, Pathology (Neuropathology), and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ebba Alkhunaizi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David A Chitayat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colette P DeFilippo
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, MIND Institute, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Holly A Dubbs
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Megan R Glassford
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bénédicte Héron
- Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Linda E Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elysa J Marco
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Medicine, CorticaCare, San Diego, California
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Clinical Genetic Department, Pitié Salpétrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Kenneth A Myers
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sumit Parikh
- Department of Mitochondrial Medicine & Genetics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shane C Quinonez
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Farrah Rajabi
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suma P Shankar
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, MIND Institute, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Marwan S Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Aravindhan Veerapandiyan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Amy T Waldman
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William D Graf
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut.
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5
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Powell AR, Ames EG, Knierbein EN, Hannibal MC, Mackenzie SJ. Symptom Prevalence and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Patients With TANGO2-Related Metabolic Encephalopathy and Arrhythmias (TRMEA). Pediatr Neurol 2021; 119:34-39. [PMID: 33845444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TANGO2-related metabolic encephalopathy and arrhythmias (TRMEA) is a rare, phenotypically heterogeneous, neurological disease affecting children. METHODS We conducted a chart review of five children with molecularly confirmed TRMEA diagnosed at our institution and compiled pathogenic variant frequency and symptom prevalence from cases previously reported in the literature. RESULTS Including those patients in our case series, 76 patients with TRMEA have been described. Developmental delay (93%) and/or regression (71%), spasticity (78%), and seizures (57%) are common in TRMEA and frequently precede life-threatening symptoms such as metabolic decompensation with lactic acidosis (83%), cardiomyopathy (38%), and cardiac arrhythmias (68%). Deletion of exons 3 to 9 is the most common pathogenic variant (39% of alleles). The majority of reported intragenic variants (17 of 27) result in disruption of the reading frame, and no clear genotype-phenotype correlations could be identified for those variants wherein the reading frame is maintained, highlighting instead the variable expressivity of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Patients with TRMEA frequently experience life-threatening complications that are preceded by common neurological symptoms underscoring the need for pediatric neurologists to be familiar with this condition. Additional work pertaining to disease pathophysiology and potential therapeutics is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth G Ames
- Division of Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Erin Neil Knierbein
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Division of Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samuel J Mackenzie
- Department of Neurology and Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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6
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Ziats MN, Ahmad A, Bernat JA, Fisher R, Glassford M, Hannibal MC, Jacher JE, Weiser N, Keegan CE, Lee KN, Marzulla TB, O'Connor BC, Quinonez SC, Seemann L, Turner L, Bielas S, Harris NL, Ogle JD, Innis JW, Martin DM. Genotype-phenotype analysis of 523 patients by genetics evaluation and clinical exome sequencing. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:735-739. [PMID: 31618753 PMCID: PMC7082194 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As clinical exome sequencing (CES) becomes more common, understanding which patients are most likely to benefit and in what manner is critical for the general pediatrics community to appreciate. METHODS Five hundred and twenty-three patients referred to the Pediatric Genetics clinic at Michigan Medicine were systematically phenotyped by the presence or absence of abnormalities for 13 body/organ systems by a Clinical Genetics team. All patients then underwent CES. RESULTS Overall, 30% of patients who underwent CES had an identified pathogenic mutation. The most common phenotypes were developmental delay (83%), neuromuscular system abnormalities (81%), and multiple congenital anomalies (42%). In all, 67% of patients had a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) or gene of uncertain significance (GUS); 23% had no variants reported. There was a significant difference in the average number of body systems affected among these groups (pathogenic 5.89, VUS 6.0, GUS 6.12, and no variant 4.6; P < 0.00001). Representative cases highlight four ways in which CES is changing clinical pediatric practice. CONCLUSIONS Patients with identified variants are enriched for multiple organ system involvement. Furthermore, our phenotyping provides broad insights into which patients are most likely to benefit from genetics referral and CES and how those results can help guide clinical practice more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N Ziats
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John A Bernat
- Division of Medical Genetics, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rachel Fisher
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan Glassford
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph E Jacher
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Natasha Weiser
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine E Keegan
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Children's Clinical Trial Support Unit, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristen N Lee
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tessa B Marzulla
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Children's Clinical Trial Support Unit, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bridget C O'Connor
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shane C Quinonez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren Seemann
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Children's Clinical Trial Support Unit, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren Turner
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Children's Clinical Trial Support Unit, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie Bielas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Children's Clinical Trial Support Unit, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas L Harris
- Children's Clinical Trial Support Unit, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacob D Ogle
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Children's Clinical Trial Support Unit, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Innis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
- Children's Clinical Trial Support Unit, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donna M Martin
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA.
- Children's Clinical Trial Support Unit, University of Michigan, Arbor, MI, USA.
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7
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Novice T, Kariminia A, Del Bel KL, Lu H, Sharma M, Lim CJ, Read J, Lugt MV, Hannibal MC, O'Dwyer D, Hosler M, Scharnitz T, Rizzo JM, Zacur J, Priatel J, Abdossamadi S, Bohm A, Junker A, Turvey SE, Schultz KR, Rozmus J. A Germline Mutation in the C2 Domain of PLCγ2 Associated with Gain-of-Function Expands the Phenotype for PLCG2-Related Diseases. J Clin Immunol 2019; 40:267-276. [PMID: 31853824 PMCID: PMC7086538 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report three new cases of a germline heterozygous gain-of-function missense (p.(Met1141Lys)) mutation in the C2 domain of phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2) associated with symptoms consistent with previously described auto-inflammation and phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2)-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID) syndrome and pediatric common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Functional evaluation showed platelet hyper-reactivity, increased B cell receptor-triggered calcium influx and ERK phosphorylation. Expression of the altered p.(Met1141Lys) variant in a PLCγ2-knockout DT40 cell line showed clearly enhanced BCR-triggered influx of external calcium when compared to control-transfected cells. Our results further expand the molecular basis of pediatric CVID and phenotypic spectrum of PLCγ2-related defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Novice
- University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amina Kariminia
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kate L Del Bel
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Henry Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mehul Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chinten J Lim
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jay Read
- Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark Vander Lugt
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism & Genomic Medicine, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David O'Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mirie Hosler
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Scharnitz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason M Rizzo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Zacur
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Priatel
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sayeh Abdossamadi
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandra Bohm
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anne Junker
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jacob Rozmus
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, Canada.
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8
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Kang SK, Vanoye CG, Misra SN, Echevarria DM, Calhoun JD, O'Connor JB, Fabre KL, McKnight D, Demmer L, Goldenberg P, Grote LE, Thiffault I, Saunders C, Strauss KA, Torkamani A, van der Smagt J, van Gassen K, Carson RP, Diaz J, Leon E, Jacher JE, Hannibal MC, Litwin J, Friedman NR, Schreiber A, Lynch B, Poduri A, Marsh ED, Goldberg EM, Millichap JJ, George AL, Kearney JA. Spectrum of K V 2.1 Dysfunction in KCNB1-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:899-912. [PMID: 31600826 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathogenic variants in KCNB1, encoding the voltage-gated potassium channel KV 2.1, are associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Previous functional studies on a limited number of KCNB1 variants indicated a range of molecular mechanisms by which variants affect channel function, including loss of voltage sensitivity, loss of ion selectivity, and reduced cell-surface expression. METHODS We evaluated a series of 17 KCNB1 variants associated with DEE or other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) to rapidly ascertain channel dysfunction using high-throughput functional assays. Specifically, we investigated the biophysical properties and cell-surface expression of variant KV 2.1 channels expressed in heterologous cells using high-throughput automated electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry-flow cytometry. RESULTS Pathogenic variants exhibited diverse functional defects, including altered current density and shifts in the voltage dependence of activation and/or inactivation, as homotetramers or when coexpressed with wild-type KV 2.1. Quantification of protein expression also identified variants with reduced total KV 2.1 expression or deficient cell-surface expression. INTERPRETATION Our study establishes a platform for rapid screening of KV 2.1 functional defects caused by KCNB1 variants associated with DEE and other NDDs. This will aid in establishing KCNB1 variant pathogenicity and the mechanism of dysfunction, which will enable targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention based on molecular phenotype. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:899-912.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Kyu Kang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Carlos G Vanoye
- Departments of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sunita N Misra
- Departments of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Departments of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dennis M Echevarria
- Departments of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeffrey D Calhoun
- Departments of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - John B O'Connor
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Katarina L Fabre
- Departments of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Laurie Demmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Atrium Health's Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, NC
| | - Paula Goldenberg
- Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren E Grote
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO.,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO.,Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Carol Saunders
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO.,Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Ali Torkamani
- Scripps Translational Science Institute and Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jasper van der Smagt
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert P Carson
- Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - Jullianne Diaz
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Eyby Leon
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Joseph E Jacher
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jessica Litwin
- University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Bryan Lynch
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ethan M Goldberg
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John J Millichap
- Departments of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Alfred L George
- Departments of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jennifer A Kearney
- Departments of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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9
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Srivastava A, Ritesh KC, Tsan YC, Liao R, Su F, Cao X, Hannibal MC, Keegan CE, Chinnaiyan AM, Martin DM, Bielas SL. De novo dominant ASXL3 mutations alter H2A deubiquitination and transcription in Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:597-608. [PMID: 26647312 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo truncating mutations in Additional sex combs-like 3 (ASXL3) have been identified in individuals with Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome (BRS), characterized by failure to thrive, global developmental delay, feeding problems, hypotonia, dysmorphic features, profound speech delays and intellectual disability. We identified three novel de novo heterozygous truncating variants distributed across ASXL3, outside the original cluster of ASXL3 mutations previously described for BRS. Primary skin fibroblasts established from a BRS patient were used to investigate the functional impact of pathogenic variants. ASXL3 mRNA transcripts from the mutated allele are prone to nonsense-mediated decay, and expression of ASXL3 is reduced. We found that ASXL3 interacts with BAP1, a hydrolase that removes mono-ubiquitin from histone H2A lysine 119 (H2AK119Ub1) as a component of the Polycomb repressive deubiquitination (PR-DUB) complex. A significant increase in H2AK119Ub1 was observed in ASXL3 patient fibroblasts, highlighting an important functional role for ASXL3 in PR-DUB mediated deubiquitination. Transcriptomes of ASXL3 patient and control fibroblasts were compared to investigate the impact of chromatin changes on transcriptional regulation. Out of 564 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ASXL3 patient fibroblasts, 52% were upregulated and 48% downregulated. DEGs were enriched in molecular processes impacting transcriptional regulation, development and proliferation, consistent with the features of BRS. This is the first single gene disorder linked to defects in deubiquitination of H2AK119Ub1 and suggests an important role for dynamic regulation of H2A mono-ubiquitination in transcriptional regulation and the pathophysiology of BRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fengyun Su
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, Departments of Urology, Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, Departments of Urology, Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine E Keegan
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, Departments of Urology, Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Mitchell E, Douglas A, Kjaegaard S, Callewaert B, Vanlander A, Janssens S, Yuen AL, Skinner C, Failla P, Alberti A, Avola E, Fichera M, Kibaek M, Digilio MC, Hannibal MC, den Hollander NS, Bizzarri V, Renieri A, Mencarelli MA, Fitzgerald T, Piazzolla S, van Oudenhove E, Romano C, Schwartz C, Eichler EE, Slavotinek A, Escobar L, Rajan D, Crolla J, Carter N, Hodge JC, Mefford HC. Recurrent duplications of 17q12 associated with variable phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:3038-45. [PMID: 26420380 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to identify the clinical nature of the recurrent duplication of chromosome 17q12 has been limited by its rarity and the diverse range of phenotypes associated with this genomic change. In order to further define the clinical features of affected patients, detailed clinical information was collected in the largest series to date (30 patients and 2 of their siblings) through a multi-institutional collaborative effort. The majority of patients presented with developmental delays varying from mild to severe. Though dysmorphic features were commonly reported, patients do not have consistent and recognizable features. Cardiac, ophthalmologic, growth, behavioral, and other abnormalities were each present in a subset of patients. The newly associated features potentially resulting from 17q12 duplication include height and weight above the 95th percentile, cataracts, microphthalmia, coloboma, astigmatism, tracheomalacia, cutaneous mosaicism, pectus excavatum, scoliosis, hypermobility, hypospadias, diverticulum of Kommerell, pyloric stenosis, and pseudohypoparathryoidism. The majority of duplications were inherited with some carrier parents reporting learning disabilities or microcephaly. We identified additional, potentially contributory copy number changes in a subset of patients, including one patient each with 16p11.2 deletion and 15q13.3 deletion. Our data further define and expand the clinical spectrum associated with duplications of 17q12 and provide support for the role of genomic modifiers contributing to phenotypic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Mitchell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew Douglas
- Princess Anne Hospital, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Southhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Kjaegaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Janssens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amy Lawson Yuen
- Multicare Health System, Genomics Institute, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Cindy Skinner
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Marco Fichera
- IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy.,Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Maria C Digilio
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism and Genomic Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomas Fitzgerald
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Piazzolla
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Charles Schwartz
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Luis Escobar
- Payton Manning Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Diana Rajan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Crolla
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Carter
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennelle C Hodge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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11
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Shuvarikov A, Campbell IM, Dittwald P, Neill NJ, Bialer MG, Moore C, Wheeler PG, Wallace SE, Hannibal MC, Murray MF, Giovanni MA, Terespolsky D, Sodhi S, Cassina M, Viskochil D, Moghaddam B, Herman K, Brown CW, Beck CR, Gambin A, Cheung SW, Patel A, Lamb AN, Shaffer LG, Ellison JW, Ravnan JB, Stankiewicz P, Rosenfeld JA. Recurrent HERV-H-mediated 3q13.2-q13.31 deletions cause a syndrome of hypotonia and motor, language, and cognitive delays. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:1415-23. [PMID: 23878096 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe the molecular and clinical characterization of nine individuals with recurrent, 3.4-Mb, de novo deletions of 3q13.2-q13.31 detected by chromosomal microarray analysis. All individuals have hypotonia and language and motor delays; they variably express mild to moderate cognitive delays (8/9), abnormal behavior (7/9), and autism spectrum disorders (3/9). Common facial features include downslanting palpebral fissures with epicanthal folds, a slightly bulbous nose, and relative macrocephaly. Twenty-eight genes map to the deleted region, including four strong candidate genes, DRD3, ZBTB20, GAP43, and BOC, with important roles in neural and/or muscular development. Analysis of the breakpoint regions based on array data revealed directly oriented human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-H) elements of ~5 kb in size and of >95% DNA sequence identity flanking the deletion. Subsequent DNA sequencing revealed different deletion breakpoints and suggested nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between HERV-H elements as a mechanism of deletion formation, analogous to HERV-I-flanked and NAHR-mediated AZFa deletions. We propose that similar HERV elements may also mediate other recurrent deletion and duplication events on a genome-wide scale. Observation of rare recurrent chromosomal events such as these deletions helps to further the understanding of mechanisms behind naturally occurring variation in the human genome and its contribution to genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shuvarikov
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, PerkinElmer, Inc, Spokane, Washington
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12
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Dabell MP, Rosenfeld JA, Bader P, Escobar LF, El-Khechen D, Vallee SE, Dinulos MBP, Curry C, Fisher J, Tervo R, Hannibal MC, Siefkas K, Wyatt PR, Hughes L, Smith R, Ellingwood S, Lacassie Y, Stroud T, Farrell SA, Sanchez-Lara PA, Randolph LM, Niyazov D, Stevens CA, Schoonveld C, Skidmore D, MacKay S, Miles JH, Moodley M, Huillet A, Neill NJ, Ellison JW, Ballif BC, Shaffer LG. Investigation ofNRXN1deletions: Clinical and molecular characterization. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:717-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Mefford HC, Rosenfeld JA, Shur N, Slavotinek AM, Cox VA, Hennekam RC, Firth HV, Willatt L, Wheeler P, Morrow EM, Cook J, Sullivan R, Oh A, McDonald MT, Zonana J, Keller K, Hannibal MC, Ball S, Kussmann J, Gorski J, Zelewski S, Banks V, Smith W, Smith R, Paull L, Rosenbaum KN, Amor DJ, Silva J, Lamb A, Eichler EE. Further clinical and molecular delineation of the 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. J Med Genet 2011; 49:110-8. [PMID: 22180641 PMCID: PMC3261729 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome is a rare genomic disorder characterised by intellectual disability, growth retardation, unusual facial morphology and other anomalies. To date, 20 patients have been reported; 18 have had detailed breakpoint analysis. Aim To further delineate the features of the 15q24 microdeletion syndrome, the clinical and molecular characterisation of fifteen patients with deletions in the 15q24 region was performed, nearly doubling the number of reported patients. Methods Breakpoints were characterised using a custom, high-density array comparative hybridisation platform, and detailed phenotype information was collected for each patient. Results Nine distinct deletions with different breakpoints ranging in size from 266 kb to 3.75 Mb were identified. The majority of breakpoints lie within segmental duplication (SD) blocks. Low sequence identity and large intervals of unique sequence between SD blocks likely contribute to the rarity of 15q24 deletions, which occur 8–10 times less frequently than 1q21 or 15q13 microdeletions in our series. Two small, atypical deletions were identified within the region that help delineate the critical region for the core phenotype in the 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. Conclusion The molecular characterisation of these patients suggests that the core cognitive features of the 15q24 microdeletion syndrome, including developmental delays and severe speech problems, are largely due to deletion of genes in a 1.1–Mb critical region. However, genes just distal to the critical region also play an important role in cognition and in the development of characteristic facial features associated with 15q24 deletions. Clearly, deletions in the 15q24 region are variable in size and extent. Knowledge of the breakpoints and size of deletion combined with the natural history and medical problems of our patients provide insights that will inform management guidelines. Based on common phenotypic features, all patients with 15q24 microdeletions should receive a thorough neurodevelopmental evaluation, physical, occupational and speech therapies, and regular audiologic and ophthalmologic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Mefford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98195, USA.
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14
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Hannibal MC, Buckingham KJ, Ng SB, Ming JE, Beck AE, McMillin MJ, Gildersleeve HI, Bigham AW, Tabor HK, Mefford HC, Cook J, Yoshiura KI, Matsumoto T, Matsumoto N, Miyake N, Tonoki H, Naritomi K, Kaname T, Nagai T, Ohashi H, Kurosawa K, Hou JW, Ohta T, Liang D, Sudo A, Morris CA, Banka S, Black GC, Clayton-Smith J, Nickerson DA, Zackai EH, Shaikh TH, Donnai D, Niikawa N, Shendure J, Bamshad MJ. Spectrum of MLL2 (ALR) mutations in 110 cases of Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1511-6. [PMID: 21671394 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome is a rare, multiple malformation disorder characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, cardiac anomalies, skeletal abnormalities, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Simplex cases make up the vast majority of the reported cases with Kabuki syndrome, but parent-to-child transmission in more than a half-dozen instances indicates that it is an autosomal dominant disorder. We recently reported that Kabuki syndrome is caused by mutations in MLL2, a gene that encodes a Trithorax-group histone methyltransferase, a protein important in the epigenetic control of active chromatin states. Here, we report on the screening of 110 families with Kabuki syndrome. MLL2 mutations were found in 81/110 (74%) of families. In simplex cases for which DNA was available from both parents, 25 mutations were confirmed to be de novo, while a transmitted MLL2 mutation was found in two of three familial cases. The majority of variants found to cause Kabuki syndrome were novel nonsense or frameshift mutations that are predicted to result in haploinsufficiency. The clinical characteristics of MLL2 mutation-positive cases did not differ significantly from MLL2 mutation-negative cases with the exception that renal anomalies were more common in MLL2 mutation-positive cases. These results are important for understanding the phenotypic consequences of MLL2 mutations for individuals and their families as well as for providing a basis for the identification of additional genes for Kabuki syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Hannibal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
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15
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Inamoto S, Kwartler CS, Lafont AL, Liang YY, Fadulu VT, Duraisamy S, Willing M, Estrera A, Safi H, Hannibal MC, Carey J, Wiktorowicz J, Tan FK, Feng XH, Pannu H, Milewicz DM. TGFBR2 mutations alter smooth muscle cell phenotype and predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 88:520-9. [PMID: 20628007 PMCID: PMC2972687 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is critical for the differentiation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into quiescent cells expressing a full repertoire of contractile proteins. Heterozygous mutations in TGF-β receptor type II (TGFBR2) disrupt TGF-β signaling and lead to genetic conditions that predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAADs). The aim of this study is to determine the molecular mechanism by which TGFBR2 mutations cause TAADs. METHODS AND RESULTS Using aortic SMCs explanted from patients with TGFBR2 mutations, we show decreased expression of SMC contractile proteins compared with controls. Exposure to TGF-β1 fails to increase expression of contractile genes in mutant SMCs, whereas control cells further increase expression of these genes. Analysis of fixed and frozen aortas from patients with TGFBR2 mutations confirms decreased in vivo expression of contractile proteins relative to unaffected aortas. Fibroblasts explanted from patients with TGFBR2 mutations fail to transform into mature myofibroblasts with TGF-β1 stimulation as assessed by expression of contractile proteins. CONCLUSIONS These data support the conclusion that heterozygous TGFBR2 mutations lead to decreased expression of SMC contractile protein in both SMCs and myofibroblasts. The failure of TGFBR2-mutant SMCs to fully express SMC contractile proteins predicts defective contractile function in these cells and aligns with a hypothesis that defective SMC contractile function contributes to the pathogenesis of TAAD.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Aortic Dissection/genetics
- Aortic Dissection/metabolism
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myofibroblasts/cytology
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transfection
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology
- Calponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Inamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, MSB 6.100, 6431, Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Callie S. Kwartler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, MSB 6.100, 6431, Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea L. Lafont
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, MSB 6.100, 6431, Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yao Yun Liang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Van Tran Fadulu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, MSB 6.100, 6431, Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Senthil Duraisamy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, MSB 6.100, 6431, Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcia Willing
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anthony Estrera
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, MSB 6.100, 6431, Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hazim Safi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, MSB 6.100, 6431, Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark C. Hannibal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John Wiktorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Filemon K. Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, MSB 6.100, 6431, Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hariyadarshi Pannu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, MSB 6.100, 6431, Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, MSB 6.100, 6431, Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Landsverk ML, Weiser DC, Hannibal MC, Kimelman D. Alternative splicing of sept9a and sept9b in zebrafish produces multiple mRNA transcripts expressed throughout development. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10712. [PMID: 20502708 PMCID: PMC2873287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septins are involved in a number of cellular processes including cytokinesis and organization of the cytoskeleton. Alterations in human septin-9 (SEPT9) levels have been linked to multiple cancers, whereas mutations in SEPT9 cause the episodic neuropathy, hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA). Despite its important function in human health, the in vivo role of SEPT9 is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we utilize zebrafish to study the role of SEPT9 in early development. We show that zebrafish possess two genes, sept9a and sept9b that, like humans, express multiple transcripts. Knockdown or overexpression of sept9a transcripts results in specific developmental alterations including circulation defects and aberrant epidermal development. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our work demonstrates that sept9 plays an important role in zebrafish development, and establishes zebrafish as a valuable model organism for the study of SEPT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Landsverk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Douglas C. Weiser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, United States of America
| | - Mark C. Hannibal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Kimelman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Abstract
Hypotonia is characterized by reduced resistance to passive range of motion in joints versus weakness, which is a reduction in the maximum muscle power that can be generated. (Dubowitz, 1985; Crawford, 1992; Martin, 2005) Based on strong research evidence, central hypotonia accounts for 60% to 80% of cases of hypotonia, whereas peripheral hypotonia is the cause in about 15% to 30% of cases. Disorders causing hypotonia often are associated with a depressed level of consciousness, predominantly axial weakness, normal strength accompanying the hypotonia, and hyperactive or normal reflexes. (Martin, 2005; Igarashi, 2004; Richer, 2001; Miller, 1992; Crawford, 1992; Bergen, 1985; Dubowitz, 1985) Based on some research evidence, 50% of patients who have hypotonia are diagnosed by history and physical examination alone. (Paro-Panjan, 2004) Based on some research evidence, an appropriate medical and genetic evaluation of hypotonia in infants includes a karyotype, DNA-based diagnostic tests, and cranial imaging. (Battaglia, 2008; Laugel, 2008; Birdi, 2005; Paro-Panjan, 2004; Prasad, 2003; Richer, 2001; Dimario, 1989) Based on strong research evidence, infant botulism should be suspected in an acute or subacute presentation of hypotonia in an infant younger than 6 months of age who has signs and symptoms such as constipation, listlessness, poor feeding, weak cry, and a decreased gag reflex. (Francisco, 2007; Muensterer, 2000)
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18
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Hannibal MC, Ruzzo EK, Miller LR, Betz B, Buchan JG, Knutzen DM, Barnett K, Landsverk ML, Brice A, LeGuern E, Bedford HM, Worrall BB, Lovitt S, Appel SH, Andermann E, Bird TD, Chance PF. SEPT9 gene sequencing analysis reveals recurrent mutations in hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy. Neurology 2009; 72:1755-9. [PMID: 19451530 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a609e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) is an autosomal dominant disorder that manifests as recurrent, episodic, painful brachial neuropathies. A gene for HNA maps to chromosome 17q25.3 where mutations in SEPT9, encoding the septin-9 protein, have been identified. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and type of mutations in the SEPT9 gene in a new cohort of 42 unrelated HNA pedigrees. METHODS DNA sequencing of all exons and intron-exon boundaries for SEPT9 was carried out in an affected individual in each pedigree from our HNA cohort. Genotyping using microsatellite markers spanning the SEPT9 gene was also used to identify pedigrees with a previously reported founder haplotype. RESULTS Two missense mutations were found: c.262C>T (p.Arg88Trp) in seven HNA pedigrees and c.278C>T (p.Ser93Phe) in one HNA pedigree. Sequencing of other known exons in SEPT9 detected no additional disease-associated mutations. A founder haplotype, without defined mutations in SEPT9, was present in seven pedigrees. CONCLUSIONS We provide further evidence that mutation of the SEPT9 gene is the molecular basis of some cases of hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA). DNA sequencing of SEPT9 demonstrates a restricted set of mutations in this cohort of HNA pedigrees. Nonetheless, sequence analysis will have an important role in mutation detection in HNA. Additional techniques will be required to find SEPT9 mutations in an HNA founder haplotype and other pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hannibal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, 98195-6320, USA.
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19
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Landsverk ML, Ruzzo EK, Mefford HC, Buysse K, Buchan JG, Eichler EE, Petty EM, Peterson EA, Knutzen DM, Barnett K, Farlow MR, Caress J, Parry GJ, Quan D, Gardner KL, Hong M, Simmons Z, Bird TD, Chance PF, Hannibal MC. Duplication within the SEPT9 gene associated with a founder effect in North American families with hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:1200-8. [PMID: 19139049 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with recurrent episodes of focal neuropathy primarily affecting the brachial plexus. Point mutations in the SEPT9 gene have been previously identified as the molecular basis of HNA in some pedigrees. However in many families, including those from North America demonstrating a genetic founder haplotype, no sequence mutations have been detected. We report an intragenic 38 Kb SEPT9 duplication that is linked to HNA in 12 North American families that share the common founder haplotype. Analysis of the breakpoints showed that the duplication is identical in all pedigrees, and molecular analysis revealed that the duplication includes the 645 bp exon in which previous HNA mutations were found. The SEPT9 transcript variants that span this duplication contain two in-frame repeats of this exon, and immunoblotting demonstrates larger molecular weight SEPT9 protein isoforms. This exon also encodes for a majority of the SEPT9 N-terminal proline rich region suggesting that this region plays a role in the pathogenesis of HNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Landsverk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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20
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Laccone F, Hannibal MC, Neesen J, Grisold W, Chance PF, Rehder H. Dysmorphic syndrome of hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy associated with a SEPT9 gene mutation--a family study. Clin Genet 2008; 74:279-83. [PMID: 18492087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a family in which two siblings presented with an apparent dysmorphic syndrome, including hypotelorism, blepharophimosis, slight ptosis, epicanthal folds, microstomia and dysmorphic ears. One sibling had a cleft palate. Initially, blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) was suspected; however, mutation of the FOXL2 gene was not detected. Moreover, the patients' father and paternal grandmother had experienced recurrent episodes of unilateral brachial neuritis and were diagnosed to have hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA). HNA is a rare, inherited form of brachial neuritis whose phenotypic spectrum may include hypotelorism, cleft palate and other minor dysmorphisms. HNA maps to chromosome 17q25 and is associated with mutations in the SEPT9 gene. After confirming a heterozygous SEPT9 mutation (R88W) in the father and his mother, it became apparent that the dysmorphic features in the children were part of HNA and that previous complaints of the daughter, erroneously diagnosed as pronatio dolorosa and then epiphysiolysis of the capitellum humeri, were in fact a first neuralgic pain attack. Both children were shown to have inherited the paternal SEPT9 mutation. Wider recognition of HNA as a syndromic disorder may facilitate its diagnosis in affected young persons who may not yet have manifested episodes of brachial neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laccone
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Tsuchiya KD, Opheim KE, Hannibal MC, Hing AV, Glass IA, Raff ML, Norwood T, Torchia BA. Unexpected structural complexity of supernumerary marker chromosomes characterized by microarray comparative genomic hybridization. Mol Cytogenet 2008; 1:7. [PMID: 18471320 PMCID: PMC2375883 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) are structurally abnormal extra chromosomes that cannot be unambiguously identified by conventional banding techniques. In the past, SMCs have been characterized using a variety of different molecular cytogenetic techniques. Although these techniques can sometimes identify the chromosome of origin of SMCs, they are cumbersome to perform and are not available in many clinical cytogenetic laboratories. Furthermore, they cannot precisely determine the region or breakpoints of the chromosome(s) involved. In this study, we describe four patients who possess one or more SMCs (a total of eight SMCs in all four patients) that were characterized by microarray comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). RESULTS In at least one SMC from all four patients, array CGH uncovered unexpected complexity, in the form of complex rearrangements, that could have gone undetected using other molecular cytogenetic techniques. Although array CGH accurately defined the chromosome content of all but two minute SMCs, fluorescence in situ hybridization was necessary to determine the structure of the markers. CONCLUSION The increasing use of array CGH in clinical cytogenetic laboratories will provide an efficient method for more comprehensive characterization of SMCs. Improved SMC characterization, facilitated by array CGH, will allow for more accurate SMC/phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Tsuchiya
- Department of Laboratories, Children's Hospital & Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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Baker NL, Mörgelin M, Pace RA, Peat RA, Adams NE, Gardner RJM, Rowland LP, Miller G, De Jonghe P, Ceulemans B, Hannibal MC, Edwards M, Thompson EM, Jacobson R, Quinlivan RCM, Aftimos S, Kornberg AJ, North KN, Bateman JF, Lamandé SR. Molecular consequences of dominant Bethlem myopathy collagen VI mutations. Ann Neurol 2007; 62:390-405. [PMID: 17886299 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dominant mutations in the three collagen VI genes cause Bethlem myopathy, a disorder characterized by proximal muscle weakness and commonly contractures of the fingers, wrists, and ankles. Although more than 20 different dominant mutations have been identified in Bethlem myopathy patients, the biosynthetic consequences of only a subset of these have been studied, and in many cases, the pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS We have screened fourteen Bethlem myopathy patients for collagen VI mutations and performed detailed analyses of collagen VI biosynthesis and intracellular and extracellular assembly. RESULTS Collagen VI abnormalities were identified in eight patients. One patient produced around half the normal amount of alpha1(VI) messenger RNA and reduced amounts of collagen VI protein. Two patients had a previously reported mutation causing skipping of COL6A1 exon 14, and three patients had novel mutations leading to in-frame deletions toward the N-terminal end of the triple-helical domain. These mutations have different and complex effects on collagen VI intracellular and extracellular assembly. Two patients had single amino acid substitutions in the A-domains of COL6A2 and COL6A3. Collagen VI intracellular and extracellular assembly was normal in one of these patients. INTERPRETATION The key to dissecting the pathogenic mechanisms of collagen VI mutations lies in detailed analysis of collagen VI biosynthesis and assembly. The majority of mutations result in secretion and deposition of structurally abnormal collagen VI. However, one A-domain mutation had no detectable effect on assembly, suggesting that it acts by compromising collagen VI interactions in the extracellular matrix of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Baker
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Perkins
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard M. Tempero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark C. Hannibal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Genetics, Immunology and Developmental Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Scott C. Manning
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Abstract
Molecular analysis of the gene encoding the protein tyrosine phospatase, nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11), identified a single base change at nucleotide 228 in an individual manifesting Noonan syndrome with aortic root widening and dysplastic aortic and mitral valves. This missense mutation changes glutamate to aspartate at position 76 of the protein (E76D or Glu76Asp), which likely disrupts intramolecular hydrogen bonding of this protein. There are few reports of aortic root dilatation in Noonan syndrome, and to our knowledge this is the first case with a confirmed PTPN11 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia D Power
- Women's & Children's Health Centre of British Columbia and Department of Pathology, Medical Genetics University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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McDermott DA, Bressan MC, He J, Lee JS, Aftimos S, Brueckner M, Gilbert F, Graham GE, Hannibal MC, Innis JW, Pierpont ME, Raas-Rothschild A, Shanske AL, Smith WE, Spencer RH, St John-Sutton MG, van Maldergem L, Waggoner DJ, Weber M, Basson CT. TBX5 genetic testing validates strict clinical criteria for Holt-Oram syndrome. Pediatr Res 2005; 58:981-6. [PMID: 16183809 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000182593.95441.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is an autosomal dominant heart-hand syndrome characterized by congenital heart disease (CHD) and upper limb deformity, and caused by mutations in the TBX5 gene. To date, the sensitivity of TBX5 genetic testing for HOS has been unclear. We now report mutational analyses of a nongenetically selected population of 54 unrelated individuals who were consecutively referred to our center with a clinical diagnosis of HOS. TBX5 mutational analyses were performed in all individuals, and clinical histories and findings were reviewed for each patient without reference to the genotypes. Twenty-six percent of the complete cohort was shown to have mutations of the TBX5 gene. However, among those subjects for whom clinical review demonstrated that their presentations met strict diagnostic criteria for HOS, TBX5 mutations were identified in 74%. No mutations were identified in those subjects who did not meet these criteria. Thus, these studies validate our clinical diagnostic criteria for HOS including an absolute requirement for preaxial radial ray upper limb malformation. Accordingly, TBX5 genotyping has high sensitivity and specificity for HOS if stringent diagnostic criteria are used in assigning the clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A McDermott
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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26
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Kuhlenbäumer G, Hannibal MC, Nelis E, Schirmacher A, Verpoorten N, Meuleman J, Watts GDJ, De Vriendt E, Young P, Stögbauer F, Halfter H, Irobi J, Goossens D, Del-Favero J, Betz BG, Hor H, Kurlemann G, Bird TD, Airaksinen E, Mononen T, Serradell AP, Prats JM, Van Broeckhoven C, De Jonghe P, Timmerman V, Ringelstein EB, Chance PF. Mutations in SEPT9 cause hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy. Nat Genet 2005; 37:1044-6. [PMID: 16186812 DOI: 10.1038/ng1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) is an autosomal dominant recurrent neuropathy affecting the brachial plexus. HNA is triggered by environmental factors such as infection or parturition. We report three mutations in the gene septin 9 (SEPT9) in six families with HNA linked to chromosome 17q25. HNA is the first monogenetic disease caused by mutations in a gene of the septin family. Septins are implicated in formation of the cytoskeleton, cell division and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kuhlenbäumer
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Domagkstr. 3, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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27
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Johnston JJ, Olivos-Glander I, Killoran C, Elson E, Turner JT, Peters KF, Abbott MH, Aughton DJ, Aylsworth AS, Bamshad MJ, Booth C, Curry CJ, David A, Dinulos MB, Flannery DB, Fox MA, Graham JM, Grange DK, Guttmacher AE, Hannibal MC, Henn W, Hennekam RCM, Holmes LB, Hoyme HE, Leppig KA, Lin AE, Macleod P, Manchester DK, Marcelis C, Mazzanti L, McCann E, McDonald MT, Mendelsohn NJ, Moeschler JB, Moghaddam B, Neri G, Newbury-Ecob R, Pagon RA, Phillips JA, Sadler LS, Stoler JM, Tilstra D, Walsh Vockley CM, Zackai EH, Zadeh TM, Brueton L, Black GCM, Biesecker LG. Molecular and clinical analyses of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly and Pallister-Hall syndromes: robust phenotype prediction from the type and position of GLI3 mutations. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:609-22. [PMID: 15739154 PMCID: PMC1199298 DOI: 10.1086/429346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GLI3 zinc-finger transcription factor gene cause Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) and Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS), which are variable but distinct clinical entities. We hypothesized that GLI3 mutations that predict a truncated functional repressor protein cause PHS and that functional haploinsufficiency of GLI3 causes GCPS. To test these hypotheses, we screened patients with PHS and GCPS for GLI3 mutations. The patient group consisted of 135 individuals: 89 patients with GCPS and 46 patients with PHS. We detected 47 pathological mutations (among 60 probands); when these were combined with previously published mutations, two genotype-phenotype correlations were evident. First, GCPS was caused by many types of alterations, including translocations, large deletions, exonic deletions and duplications, small in-frame deletions, and missense, frameshift/nonsense, and splicing mutations. In contrast, PHS was caused only by frameshift/nonsense and splicing mutations. Second, among the frameshift/nonsense mutations, there was a clear genotype-phenotype correlation. Mutations in the first third of the gene (from open reading frame [ORF] nucleotides [nt] 1-1997) caused GCPS, and mutations in the second third of the gene (from ORF nt 1998-3481) caused primarily PHS. Surprisingly, there were 12 mutations in patients with GCPS in the 3' third of the gene (after ORF nt 3481), and no patients with PHS had mutations in this region. These results demonstrate a robust correlation of genotype and phenotype for GLI3 mutations and strongly support the hypothesis that these two allelic disorders have distinct modes of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Johnston
- National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4472, USA.
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Borozdin W, Wright MJ, Hennekam RCM, Hannibal MC, Crow YJ, Neumann TE, Kohlhase J. Novel mutations in the gene SALL4 provide further evidence for acro-renal-ocular and Okihiro syndromes being allelic entities, and extend the phenotypic spectrum. J Med Genet 2004; 41:e102. [PMID: 15286162 PMCID: PMC1735876 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.019505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Paznekas WA, Boyadjiev SA, Shapiro RE, Daniels O, Wollnik B, Keegan CE, Innis JW, Dinulos MB, Christian C, Hannibal MC, Jabs EW. Connexin 43 (GJA1) mutations cause the pleiotropic phenotype of oculodentodigital dysplasia. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 72:408-18. [PMID: 12457340 PMCID: PMC379233 DOI: 10.1086/346090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2002] [Accepted: 11/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions are assemblies of intercellular channels that regulate a variety of physiologic and developmental processes through the exchange of small ions and signaling molecules. These channels consist of connexin family proteins that allow for diversity of channel composition and conductance properties. The human connexin 43 gene, or GJA1, is located at human chromosome 6q22-q23 within the candidate region for the oculodentodigital dysplasia locus. This autosomal dominant syndrome presents with craniofacial (ocular, nasal, and dental) and limb dysmorphisms, spastic paraplegia, and neurodegeneration. Syndactyly type III and conductive deafness can occur in some cases, and cardiac abnormalities are observed in rare instances. We found mutations in the GJA1 gene in all 17 families with oculodentodigital dysplasia that we screened. Sixteen different missense mutations and one codon duplication were detected. These mutations may cause misassembly of channels or alter channel conduction properties. Expression patterns and phenotypic features of gja1 animal mutants, reported elsewhere, are compatible with the pleiotropic clinical presentation of oculodentodigital dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Paznekas
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Simeon A. Boyadjiev
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Robert E. Shapiro
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Otto Daniels
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Catherine E. Keegan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jeffrey W. Innis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mary Beth Dinulos
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Cathy Christian
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mark C. Hannibal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Plastic Surgery, Center for Craniofacial Development and Disorders, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Childrens Heart Centre, UMCN St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Genetics, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
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Osman GE, Hannibal MC, Anderson JP, Lasky SR, Ladiges WC, Hood L. FVB/N (H2(q)) mouse is resistant to arthritis induction and exhibits a genomic deletion of T-cell receptor V beta gene segments. Immunogenetics 1999; 49:851-9. [PMID: 10436178 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of autoimmune diseases have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of autoimmunity in humans. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is an autoimmune disease model of rheumatoid arthritis. Susceptibility to CIA in mice is linked to genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). CD4(+) T cells that express the T-cell receptor (TCR) Tcra-V11.1 and/or Tcrb-V8.2 play a key role in the pathogenesis of arthritis in the DBA/1 mouse (H2(q)). We identified an inbred mouse strain, FVB/NJ (H2(q)), that is resistant to arthritis induction and exhibits a genomic deletion of certain Tcrb-V gene segments. We report a novel polymerase chain reaction-based method for the rapid identification of new mouse strains that exhibit germline Tcrb-V gene deletions. We mapped for the first time both the 5' and 3' breakpoints of the Tcrb-V deletion in the FVB/NJ, SWR, SJL, C57L, and C57BR strains to within 1.1 kilobases. Since there is an association between a particular Tcra-V allele (Tcra-V11.1(d)) and arthritis susceptibility in H2(q) mouse strains, we examined the allelic polymorphisms of the Tcra-V11 gene subfamily members between the arthritis-susceptible DBA/1 mouse and the arthritis-resistant FVB/NJ mouse strain. The amino acid sequences of the Tcra-V11.1 alleles differ at two positions (codons 18 and 68). Therefore, the resistance of FVB/NJ mouse to arthritis induction may be due in part to Tcra-V11.1 coding sequence polymorphism and Tcrb-V8.2 gene segment deletion, as we have recently demonstrated in the case of SWR mouse strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Osman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Box 357650, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Osman GE, Hannibal MC, Anderson JP, Cheunsuk S, Lasky SR, Liggitt HD, Ladiges WC, Hood LE. T-cell receptor vbeta deletion and valpha polymorphism are responsible for the resistance of SWR mouse to arthritis induction. Immunogenetics 1999; 49:764-72. [PMID: 10398803 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) develops in susceptible mouse strains after intradermal injections of type II collagen (CII) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Susceptibility to CIA in mice is linked to genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Although the SWR mouse has a susceptible MHC haplotype (H2q), it is resistant to CIA. SWR exhibits at least two known immunological defects: (1) it contains a germline deletion of about 50% of T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta-chain gene segments, and (2) SWR is deficient in complement component C5. It has been shown that T cells that express TCRValpha11.1 and TCRVbeta8.2 play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of arthritis in the DBA/1 mouse (H2q). We generated SWR transgenic (tg) mice to determine whether the expression of pathogenic Valpha11.1 and/or Vbeta8.2 transgenes would confer arthritis susceptibility. Arthritis was induced in the SWR TCRalphabeta tg mice, but not in SWR TCRbeta tg mice. To address the role of Valpha11.1 in arthritis susceptibility, we examined the allelic polymorphisms of the Tcra-V11-gene subfamily members between the arthritis susceptible DBA/1 mouse and the arthritis-resistant SWR mouse strain. The amino acid sequences of the Valpha11.1 alleles differ at two positions (codons 18 and 68). Accordingly, these two amino acid changes are sufficient to allow the production of pathogenic T cells in SWR mice. This is the first demonstration of the association of a particular Tcra-V allele and arthritis susceptibility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Osman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Box 357650, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the phenotypic spectrum and management issues of children with Kabuki syndrome (Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome) from North America. DESIGN A case series of children (n = 18) with clinical findings of Kabuki syndrome. SETTING Medical genetics clinics in Washington, Alaska, and Arizona. RESULTS Most patients had postnatal growth retardation, and all had developmental delay and hypotonia. Feeding difficulties, with or without cleft palate, were common; 5 patients required gastrostomy tube placement. Developmental quotients/IQs in all but 2 were 60 or less. Seizures were seen in less than half of the patients, but ophthalmologic and otologic problems were common, particularly recurrent otitis media. Congenital heart defects were present in 7 (39%); 3 patients underwent repair of coarctation of the aorta. Other features included urinary tract anomalies, malabsorption, joint hypermobility and dislocation, congenital hypothyroidism, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and in one patient, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. All patients had negative family histories for Kabuki syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Kabuki syndrome is a mental retardation-malformation syndrome affecting multiple organ systems, with a broad spectrum of neuromuscular dysfunction and mental ability. Given that 18 ethnically diverse patients were identified from 2 genetics programs, it appears that this syndrome is more common in North American non-Japanese patients than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kawame
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), like HIV-1, causes AIDS and is associated with AIDS cases primarily in West Africa. HIV-1 and HIV-2 display significant differences in nucleic acid sequence and in the natural history of clinical disease. Consistent with these differences, we have previously demonstrated that the enhancer/promoter region of HIV-2 functions quite differently from that of HIV-1. Whereas activation of the HIV-1 enhancer following T-cell stimulation is mediated largely through binding of the transcription factor NF-kappa B to two adjacent kappa B sites in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat, activation of the HIV-2 enhancer in monocytes and T cells is dependent on four cis-acting elements: a single kappa B site, two purine-rich binding sites, PuB1 and PuB2, and a pets site. We have now identified a novel cis-acting element within the HIV-2 enhancer, immediately upstream of the kappa B site, designated peri-kappa B. This site is conserved among isolates of HIV-2 and the closely related simian immunodeficiency virus, and transfection assays show this site to mediate HIV-2 enhancer activation following stimulation of monocytic but not T-cell lines. This is the first description of an HIV-2 enhancer element which displays such monocyte specificity, and no comparable enhancer element has been clearly defined for HIV-1. While a nuclear factor(s) from both peripheral blood monocytes and T cells binds the peri-kappa B site, electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggest that either a different protein binds to this site in monocytes versus T cells or that the protein recognizing this enhancer element undergoes differential modification in monocytes and T cells, thus supporting the transfection data. Further, while specific constitutive binding to the peri-kappa B site is seen in monocytes, stimulation with phorbol esters induces additional, specific binding. Understanding the monocyte-specific function of the peri-kappa B factor may ultimately provide insight into the different role monocytes and T cells play in HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Clark
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0642, USA
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Hannibal MC, Markovitz DM, Nabel GJ. Multiple cis-acting elements in the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 enhancer mediate the response to T-cell receptor stimulation by antigen in a T-cell hybridoma line. Blood 1994; 83:1839-46. [PMID: 8142652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription directed by the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat (HIV-2 LTR) responds to T-cell antigen receptor signaling. Agents that stimulate T-cell signaling pathways activated by the antigen receptor, such as phorbol ester, plant lectin, or anti-CD3 antibody treatment, have been shown to increase transcription directed by the HIV-2 LTR. In this study, we examine the activation of the HIV-2 LTR in T cells stimulated with the physiologic ligand of the T-cell receptor, antigenic peptide presented by a major histocompatibility molecule. HIV-2 reporter plasmids were transfected into the antigen-specific T-cell hybridoma, 2B4.11, where they responded to antigen-dependent activation. This antigen-mediated transcriptional activation of the HIV-2 enhancer required the presence of at least four regulatory elements in the HIV-2 enhancer, including two purine boxes, PuB1 and PuB2, an AP-1/CREB-like element (pets), and kappa B. This finding suggests that signals emanating from the antigen receptor act coordinately on a set of transcription factors that bind to conserved HIV-2 regulatory elements. Despite differences in the organization of potentially related enhancer elements in HIV-2 and IL-2, these enhancers exploit a similar signal transduction pathway to induce gene expression in antigen-activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hannibal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0650
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Hannibal MC, Markovitz DM, Clark N, Nabel GJ. Differential activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 transcription by specific T-cell activation signals. J Virol 1993; 67:5035-40. [PMID: 8331739 PMCID: PMC237893 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.8.5035-5040.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 enhancers are induced differentially by physiologic T-cell activation signals. In contrast to that of HIV-1, HIV-2 transcription was quite responsive to stimulation of T cells by antigen presentation but weakly induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Like tumor necrosis factor alpha, expression of cloned NF-kappa B subunits strongly activated the HIV-1, but not the HIV-2, enhancer. The differences in response to these physiologic T-cell activation pathways may contribute to the differences in persistence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hannibal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0650
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Markovitz DM, Smith MJ, Hilfinger J, Hannibal MC, Petryniak B, Nabel GJ. Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 enhancer is dependent on purine box and kappa B regulatory elements. J Virol 1992; 66:5479-84. [PMID: 1501284 PMCID: PMC289105 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.66.9.5479-5484.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) displays several features which distinguish it from HIV-1. Among the differences in these two viruses are the responses of their enhancer regions to T-cell activation. For example, stimulation of HIV-1 transcription is largely dependent on two kappa B regulatory elements. In contrast, the HIV-2 enhancer has a single kappa B site and contains additional cis-acting sequences responsive to induction. One of these sites, previously termed CD3R, is a purine-rich site, also called PuB1, which is responsive to stimulation of the CD3 component of the T-cell receptor complex and binds Elf-1, a member of the ets proto-oncogene family. In this report, we examine the interaction of the PuB1 site with other sites in the HIV-2 enhancer. We demonstrate that the PuB1 site confers responsiveness to T-cell activators only in cooperation with additional enhancer elements. Induction of the HIV-2 enhancer is dependent on at least two other cis-acting regulatory elements in addition to PuB1 and kappa B. One of these elements is another purine-rich site (PuB2), which also binds recombinant Elf-1. An adjacent region, proximal to the PuB2 ets (pets) site, shows protection in DNase footprinting experiments with extracts from Jurkat T cells. Mutation of either the kappa B, PuB1, PuB2, or pets site significantly reduces the response of the HIV-2 enhancer to T-cell stimulation, an effect which is mediated at the RNA level. Therefore, activation of the HIV-2 enhancer is dependent on at least four cis-acting elements, only one of which is found in HIV-1, which act in synergy with one another. Despite their sequence similarity, the organization and function of the HIV-2 enhancer have diverged considerably from those of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Markovitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0680
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Abstract
The function of a putative NFAT-1 site in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer has been analyzed. Activation by the T-cell antigen receptor is minimal in Jurkat cells and is mediated by the kappa B sites. The putative NFAT-1 region is not required for the response to anti-CD3 or to mitogens in T-cell, B-cell, or monocyte/macrophage leukemia lines, nor is it a cis-acting negative regulatory element.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Markovitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0650
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Baier LJ, Hannibal MC, Hanley EW, Nabel GJ. Lymphoid expression and TATAA binding of a human protein containing an Antennapedia homeodomain. Blood 1991; 78:1047-55. [PMID: 1678287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to identify human proteins that bind to the TATAA box, a lambda gt-11 expression library was screened with a radiolabeled DNA probe containing 12 copies of the TATAA sequence. A cDNA encoding a specific TATAA binding protein was isolated and found to contain a homeobox domain identical at 59 of 60 residues to the Drosophila Antennapedia (Antp) homeodomain, as well as another conserved motif found in homeotic genes, the homeo-specific pentapeptide. Although this and other Antp-like homeobox proteins have been described previously in neuronal cells and fibroblasts, we report the expression of this gene in lymphoid cells. This cDNA, isolated from a B-cell library, hybridizes to a 1.6-kb messenger RNA in several T- and B-cell lines, and the expected protein was identified in Jurkat T-lymphoid cells by Western blot analysis. The DNA binding specificity of this human Antp clone was analyzed using single-base mutations of the TATAA sequence. The first thymidine, as well as the last three bases (TAA), were important for homeobox binding. Finally, the function of the highly conserved homeospecific pentapeptide protein region was investigated in both the human and Drosophila Antp proteins. The homeospecific pentapeptide region was not required for DNA binding, and Drosophila Antp proteins mutated in the pentapeptide region were able to transactivate the Ubx promoter in Schneider L2 cells, in contrast to a homeodomain mutation, suggesting an alternative function for the homeospecific pentapeptide in homeotic genes. Because the human Antp TATAA binding protein is expressed in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells, we suggest that this homeobox gene has evolved a more general transcriptional regulatory function in higher eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Baier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0650
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