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Frisoni P, Neri M, D’Errico S, Alfieri L, Bonuccelli D, Cingolani M, Di Paolo M, Gaudio RM, Lestani M, Marti M, Martelloni M, Moreschi C, Santurro A, Scopetti M, Turriziani O, Zanon M, Scendoni R, Frati P, Fineschi V. Correction to: Cytokine storm and histopathological findings in 60 cases of COVID-19-related death: from viral load research to immunohistochemical quantification of major players IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15 and TNF-α. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2021; 18:120. [PMID: 34907480 PMCID: PMC8671035 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Frisoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano D’Errico
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Letizia Alfieri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diana Bonuccelli
- Department of Legal Medicine, Territorial Unit USL Toscana Nordovest Lucca, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariano Cingolani
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Gaudio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lestani
- Pathology Unit, Territorial Unit ULSS 7 Pedemontana, Alto Vicentino Hospital, Thiene, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Martelloni
- Department of Legal Medicine, Territorial Unit USL Toscana Nordovest Lucca, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Moreschi
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Santurro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Scopetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Zanon
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Scendoni
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Frisoni P, Neri M, D'Errico S, Alfieri L, Bonuccelli D, Cingolani M, Di Paolo M, Gaudio RM, Lestani M, Marti M, Martelloni M, Moreschi C, Santurro A, Scopetti M, Turriziani O, Zanon M, Scendoni R, Frati P, Fineschi V. Cytokine storm and histopathological findings in 60 cases of COVID-19-related death: from viral load research to immunohistochemical quantification of major players IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15 and TNF-α. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2021; 18:4-19. [PMID: 34463916 PMCID: PMC8406387 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study involves the histological analysis of samples taken during autopsies in cases of COVID-19 related death to evaluate the inflammatory cytokine response and the tissue localization of the virus in various organs. In all the selected cases, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on swabs collected from the upper (nasopharynx and oropharynx) and/or the lower respiratory (trachea and primary bronchi) tracts were positive. Tissue localization of SARS-CoV-2 was detected using antibodies against the nucleoprotein and the spike protein. Overall, we tested the hypothesis that the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines plays an important role in the development of COVID-19-associated pneumonia by estimating the expression of multiple cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, TNF-α, and MCP-1), inflammatory cells (CD4, CD8, CD20, and CD45), and fibrinogen. Immunohistochemical staining showed that endothelial cells expressed IL-1β in lung samples obtained from the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). Similarly, alveolar capillary endothelial cells showed strong and diffuse immunoreactivity for IL-6 and IL-15 in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). TNF-α showed a higher immunoreactivity in the COVID-19 group than in the control group (p < 0.001). CD8 + T cells where more numerous in the lung samples obtained from the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). Current evidence suggests that a cytokine storm is the major cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure and is consistently linked with fatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Frisoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Errico
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Letizia Alfieri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diana Bonuccelli
- Department of Legal Medicine, Territorial Unit USL Toscana Nordovest Lucca, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariano Cingolani
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Gaudio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lestani
- Pathology Unit, Territorial Unit ULSS 7 Pedemontana, Alto Vicentino Hospital, Thiene, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Martelloni
- Department of Legal Medicine, Territorial Unit USL Toscana Nordovest Lucca, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Moreschi
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Santurro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Scopetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Zanon
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Scendoni
- Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences (SAIMLAL), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Reghellin D, Poletti V, Tomassett S, Dubini A, Cavazza A, Rossi G, Lestani M, Pedron S, Daniele I, Montagna L, Murer B, Chilos M. Cathepsin-K is a sensitive immunohistochemical marker for detection of micro-granulomas in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2010; 27:57-63. [PMID: 21086906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease that occurs upon exposure to a variety of inhaled organic antigens. The presence of small non-caseating granulomas and isolated giant cells is not specific, but is considered a relevant histological feature for HP. The detection of granulomas is widely considered as easy on standard histological stains, but microgranuloma detection can be difficult and/or time consuming, especially in chronic HP cases. Cathepsin K (Cath-K) is a potent cysteine protease expressed at high levels in activated macrophages (osteoclasts, and epithelioid cells in granulomas), but is not expressed in resident macrophages thus representing a promising marker to rapidly detect and quantitatively evaluate microgranulomas in interstitial lung diseases. We analyzed the expression of Cath-K by immunohistochemistry in 22 subacute and chronic HP cases, using semi-quantitative scores. Control samples included normal lung tissue, and a variety of interstitial lung diseases: 3 Wegener's granulomatosis, 3 sarcoidosis, 3 tuberculosis, 1 berylliosis, 20 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 2 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, 5 nonspecific-interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), 5 cryptogenic organising-pneumonia (COP), 2 Airway-Centered Interstitial Fibrosis (ACIF), 5 desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), 3 respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD). Intense expression of Cath-K was demonstrated in epithelioid and giant cells in all cases containing granulomas (HP, sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, berylliosis, tuberculosis). Among HP cases 19/22 (86.3%) contained granulomas that could be semiquantitatively evaluated. In all HP and control cases alveolar macrophages did not express Cath-K, including cases characterised by large collections of alveolar macrophages such as DIP and RB-ILD. CONCLUSIONS Cath-K represents a sensitive and specific marker to detect and quantitate granulomatous reactions in interstitial lung diseases, and is particularly useful in chronic HP cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reghellin
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
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4
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Chilosi M, Chiarle R, Lestani M, Menestrina F, Montagna L, Ambrosetti A, Prolla G, Pizzolo G, Doglioni C, Piva R, Pagano M, Inghirami G. Low expression of p27 and low proliferation index do not correlate in hairy cell leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Palma PD, Rossi PG, Collina G, Buccoliero AM, Ghiringhello B, Lestani M, Onnis G, Aldovini D, Galanti G, Casadei G, Aldi M, Gomes V, Giubilato P, Ronco G. The risk of false-positive histology according to the reason for colposcopy referral in cervical cancer screening: a blind revision of all histologic lesions found in the NTCC trial. Am J Clin Pathol 2008; 129:75-80. [PMID: 18089491 DOI: 10.1309/ewygwfrrm8798u5p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
All cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnoses identified during the New Technologies for Cervical Cancer trial (ISRCTN81678807) were blindly reviewed by 2 pathologists. Original diagnoses based on colposcopy-guided biopsies were compared with those made by the reviewers who had access to all clinical histologic samples (including postsurgical). Cases downgraded from CIN 2+ by the reviewers were considered indicative of unnecessary treatments. The analyses are presented according to the molecular (high-risk human papillomavirus [HPV]) and/or cytologic diagnosis used to refer the women for colposcopy. We reviewed 812 CIN 1 and 364 CIN 2 + diagnoses. The specificity of colposcopy-guided biopsy was 98% and the sensitivity, 84%. The probability of unnecessary treatment was 27% for women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance cytologic findings and 8% for women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse, 10% for HPV+ and positive cytologic findings, and 16% for HPV+ alone. The positive predictive value of the first-level screening test was inversely associated with probability of a histologic false-positive result (P = .015). In screening, a low positive predictive value of the colposcopy-referring test may result in unnecessary treatments.
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6
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Zanotti R, Ambrosetti A, Lestani M, Ghia P, Pattaro C, Remo A, Zanetti F, Stella S, Perbellini O, Prato G, Guida G, Caligaris-Cappio F, Menestrina F, Pizzolo G, Chilosi M. ZAP-70 expression, as detected by immunohistochemistry on bone marrow biopsies from early-phase CLL patients, is a strong adverse prognostic factor. Leukemia 2006; 21:102-9. [PMID: 17082778 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zeta-associated protein-70 (ZAP-70), mostly assessed by flow-cytometry (FC), recently emerged as reliable prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) at presentation. We evaluated ZAP-70 expression in 156 CLL patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on formalin-fixed bone marrow (BM) biopsies at diagnosis. At presentation, 117 patients (75%) were with Binet stage A, 27 (17%) stage B and 12 (8%) stage C. Median follow-up was 61 months (range 6-242). ZAP-70 was expressed in neoplastic lymphocytes of 69 patients (44%). Concordance between ZAP-70 by IHC and ZAP-70 by FC, immunoglobulin heavy chain variable genes (IGHV) mutational status and CD38 expression was found in 41/46 (89%), 41/49 (80%) and in 60/88 (68%) tested cases, respectively. ZAP-70 expression significantly correlated with advanced Binet stage (B-C), diffuse BM infiltration, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and beta2-microglobulin serum levels and lymphocyte doubling time <12 months. ZAP-70 positivity was significantly related to poorer time to progression (median 16 months vs 158 of ZAP-70-negative cases) (P<0.0001) and overall survival (median 106 months vs not reached) (P=0.0002); this correlation was confirmed at multivariate analysis. ZAP-70 expression correlated with poorer outcome also when evaluated only in the 117 stage A patients. In conclusion, immunohistological detection of ZAP-70 on formalin-fixed BM biopsies at diagnosis appears a useful methodological approach to identify patients with poor prognosis in CLL.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/biosynthesis
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Biopsy
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunohistochemistry
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/physiopathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Up-Regulation
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zanotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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7
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Chilosi M, Zamò A, Doglioni C, Reghellin D, Lestani M, Montagna L, Pedron S, Ennas MG, Cancellieri A, Murer B, Poletti V. Migratory marker expression in fibroblast foci of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2006; 7:95. [PMID: 16813649 PMCID: PMC1538593 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast foci (FF) are considered a relevant morphologic marker of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia (IPF/UIP), and are recognised as sites where fibrotic responses are initiated and/or perpetuated in this severe disease. Despite their relevance, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the formation of FF and their role in tissue remodelling are poorly defined. In previous studies we have provided evidence of abnormal activation of the wnt-signaling-pathway in IPF/UIP that is centred on FF and the overlying epithelium. This important morphogenetic pathway is able to trigger epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), a mechanism involved in developmental and metastatic processes, which is also potentially involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Since EMT is characterised by enhancement of migratory potential of cells, we investigated the molecular profile of FF in 30 biopsies of IPF/UIP and a variety of control samples, focussing on the immunohistochemical expression of three molecules involved in cell motility and invasiveness, namely laminin-5-γ2-chain, fascin, and heat-shock-protein-27. Results We provide evidence that in UIP these three molecules are abnormally expressed in discrete clusters of bronchiolar basal cells precisely localised in FF. These cellular clusters expressed laminin-5-γ2-chain and heat-shock-protein-27 at very high levels, forming characteristic three-layered lesions defined as "sandwich-foci" (SW-FF). Upon quantitative analysis SW-FF were present in 28/30 UIP samples, representing more than 50% of recognisable FF in 21/30, but were exceedingly rare in a wide variety of lung pathologies examined as controls. In UIP, SW-FF were often observed in areas of microscopic honeycombing, and were also found at the interface between normal lung tissue and areas of dense scarring. Conclusion These molecular abnormalities strongly suggest that SW-FF represent the leading edge of pulmonary remodelling, where abnormal migration and re-epithelialisation take place, and that abnormal proliferation and migration of bronchiolar basal cells have a major role in the remodelling process characterising IPF/UIP. Further investigations will assess their possible use as reliable markers for better defining the UIP-pattern in difficult cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Zamò
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Department of Pathology San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Reghellin
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lestani
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Licia Montagna
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Pedron
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ennas
- Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Murer
- Department of Pathology, Umberto I Hospital, via Circonvallazione 50, 30173 Venice, Italy
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Department of Pneumology, G.B.Morgagni-L.Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47100 Forlì, Italy
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8
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Visco C, Canal F, Parolini C, Andreoli A, Ambrosetti A, Krampera M, Lestani M, Pizzolo G, Chilosi M. The impact of P53 and P21(waf1) expression on the survival of patients with the germinal center phenotype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2006; 91:687-90. [PMID: 16670073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemically detected over-expression of P53-related protein (P53+++) and absence of P21(waf1) expression (P21-) correspond to loss of function of the P53-gene in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Using immunohistochemistry we examined 80 patients with DLBCL and found that 23% had the P53+++/P21- phenotype while 51% had a germinal center (GC) pattern. Both the P53+++/P21- phenotype and the non-GC pattern were associated with inferior outcome. Notably, the prognostic power of the P53+++/P21- phenotype was restricted to patients with a GC pattern, without effect on outcome of patients with a non-GC phenotype. Our results show that immunohistochemistry can parallel gene expression profiling in addressing clinical variability of DLBCL patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Bleomycin/administration & dosage
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/analysis
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/deficiency
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Disease-Free Survival
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Epirubicin/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Female
- Genes, p53
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/radiotherapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/deficiency
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Phenotype
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prognosis
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Reproducibility of Results
- Rituximab
- Survival Analysis
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Visco
- Department of Hematology, Ospedale S. Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy.
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9
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Zamò A, Zanotti R, Lestani M, Ott G, Katzenberger T, Scarpa A, Pizzolo G, Menestrina F, Chilosi M. Molecular characterization of composite mantle cell and follicular lymphoma. Virchows Arch 2006; 448:639-43. [PMID: 16491375 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-006-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Composite lymphomas are rare associations of two distinct lymphoma types at the same anatomical site. Reporting of such cases is important because they pose major biologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic dilemmas. In this study, we describe the third reported case of mantle cell and follicular lymphoma. We performed accurate immunohistochemical and molecular studies to define the mono- vs biclonal nature of this neoplasm. We used both manual and LASER-capture microdissection combined to multiple molecular approaches for clonality determination, including detection of heavy and light chain recombination, as well as presence of kappa/Kde recombination and sequence analysis. By immunohistochemistry and FISH, we confirmed the presence of two distinct lymphoma types characterized by specific translocations [namely, t(11;14) and t(14;18)], while we demonstrated two distinct and not clonally related cell populations by molecular techniques. The light chain approach, and particularly the kappa and kappa/Kde recombination detection, proved very useful for solving the clonality issue.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lasers
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Microdissection
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zamò
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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10
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Zamò A, Ott G, Katzenberger T, Adam P, Parolini C, Scarpa A, Lestani M, Menestrina F, Chilosi M. Establishment of the MAVER-1 cell line, a model for leukemic and aggressive mantle cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2006; 91:40-7. [PMID: 16434369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines are difficult to generate; only nine lines have been described so far and few of them have been thoroughly characterized. DESIGN AND METHODS We established MAVER-1, a new MCL cell line, obtained from a leukemic MCL harboring both a t(11;14) translocation and a MYC rearrangement, and used immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, molecular biology and cytogenetic techniques in order to characterize the cell line precisely. RESULTS By immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry MAVER-1 displayed a classical MCL phenotype (IgM+, l+, CD5+, CD10-, CD19+, CD20+, CD23-, CD79a+, cyclin D1+) and genetic analysis showed a typical V/D/J rearrangement with naïve mutational status. According to both classic cytogenetic analysis and spectral karyotyping, MAVER-1 harbored the t(11;14) translocation associated with a complex karyotype. Molecular analysis by polymerase chain reactions showed that the t(11;14) breakpoint is within the major translocation cluster. Other important abnormalities of MAVER-1 include TP53 gene inactivation by a combined mutation of exon 8 and chromosome 17p13 deletion, ATM deletion, 8q24 (MYC) rearrangement and 8p22 deletion. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS The new cell line will be useful for in vitro studies regarding MCL pathogenesis and drug sensitivity, as well as a diagnostic control material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zamò
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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11
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Schmitz R, Renné C, Rosenquist R, Tinguely M, Distler V, Menestrina F, Lestani M, Stankovic T, Austen B, Bräuninger A, Hansmann ML, Küppers R. Insights into the multistep transformation process of lymphomas: IgH-associated translocations and tumor suppressor gene mutations in clonally related composite Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Leukemia 2005; 19:1452-8. [PMID: 15973455 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Clonally related composite lymphomas of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) represent models to study the multistep transformation process in tumorigenesis and the development of two distinct tumors from a shared precursor. We analyzed six such lymphomas for transforming events. The HLs were combined in two cases with follicular lymphoma (FL), and in one case each with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In the HL/FL and HL/MCL combinations, BCL2/IGH and CCND1/IGH translocations, respectively, were detected in both the HL and NHL. No mutations were found in the tumor suppressor genes FAS, NFKBIA and ATM. The HL/DLBCL case harbored clonal replacement mutations of the TP53 gene on both alleles exclusively in the DLBCL. In conclusion, we present the first examples of molecularly verified IgH-associated translocations in HL, which also show that BCL2/IGH or CCND1/IGH translocations can represent early steps in the pathogenesis of composite HL/FL or HL/MCL. The restriction of the TP53 mutations to the DLBCL in the HL/DLBCL case exemplifies a late transforming event that presumably happened in the germinal center and affected the fate of a common lymphoma precursor cell towards development of a DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schmitz
- Institute for Cell Biology (Tumor Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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Ferreri AJM, Campo E, Seymour JF, Willemze R, Ilariucci F, Ambrosetti A, Zucca E, Rossi G, López-Guillermo A, Pavlovsky MA, Geerts ML, Candoni A, Lestani M, Asioli S, Milani M, Piris MA, Pileri S, Facchetti F, Cavalli F, Ponzoni M. Intravascular lymphoma: clinical presentation, natural history, management and prognostic factors in a series of 38 cases, with special emphasis on the ‘cutaneous variant’1. Br J Haematol 2004; 127:173-83. [PMID: 15461623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite its recognition as a distinct, extremely rare entity, no large studies of intravascular lymphoma (IVL) have been reported. The clinico-pathological characteristics of 38 human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with IVL diagnosed in Western countries were reviewed to better delineate clinical presentation, clinical variants, natural history and optimal therapy. The IVL is an aggressive and usually disseminated disease (Ann Arbor stage IV in 68% of cases) that predominantly affects elderly patients (median age 70 years, range: 34-90; male:female ratio 0.9), resulting in poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS >1 in 61%), B symptoms (55%), anaemia (63%) and high serum lactate dehydrogenase level (86%). The brain and skin are the most common sites of disease. In contrast to previous reports, hepatosplenic involvement (26%) and bone marrow infiltration (32%) were found to be common features in IVL, while nodal disease was confirmed as rare (11% of cases). Patients with disease limited to the skin ('cutaneous variant'; 26% of cases) were invariably females with a normal platelet count, and exhibited a significantly better outcome than the remaining patients, which deserves further investigation. Overall survival was usually poor; however, the early use of intensive therapies could improve outcome in young patients with unfavourable features. ECOG-PS >1, 'cutaneous variant', stage I and chemotherapy use were independently associated with improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés J M Ferreri
- Department of Radiochemotherapy, San Raffaele H Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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13
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Ferreri AJM, Campo E, Ambrosetti A, Ilariucci F, Seymour JF, Willemze R, Arrigoni G, Rossi G, López-Guillermo A, Berti E, Eriksson M, Federico M, Cortelazzo S, Govi S, Frungillo N, Dell'Oro S, Lestani M, Asioli S, Pedrinis E, Ungari M, Motta T, Rossi R, Artusi T, Iuzzolino P, Zucca E, Cavalli F, Ponzoni M. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy as primary treatment for intravascular lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2004; 15:1215-21. [PMID: 15277261 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal therapeutic management of intravascular lymphoma (IVL) lacks precise guidelines. PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinico-pathological features of 38 HIV-negative patients with IVL were reviewed to define efficacy of chemotherapy in these malignancies. Clinical characteristics of 22 patients treated with chemotherapy and of 16 untreated patients were compared in order to understand better the impact and causes of potential patient selection. RESULTS Median age was 70 years (range 34-90), with a male/female ratio of 0.9; 23 (61%) patients had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) > 1; 21 (55%) had systemic symptoms. Cutaneous lesions and anemia were significantly more common among patients treated with chemotherapy; central nervous system (CNS) and renal involvement were significantly more common among untreated patients. Chemotherapy was associated with a response rate of 59% and a 3-year overall survival of 33 +/- 11%. Five of six patients with CNS involvement received chemotherapy: four of them died early; only one patient, treated with adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, bleomycin and prednisolone (MACOP-B) followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), was alive at 19 months. High-dose chemotherapy supported by ASCT was indicated at diagnosis in another patient (43 years of age, stage I), who was alive at 71 months, and at relapse after cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) in two patients who died early after transplantation. PS < or = 1, disease limited to the skin, stage I, and use of chemotherapy were independently associated with better outcome. CONCLUSIONS Anthracycline-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for IVL. However, survival is disappointing, with a relevant impact of diagnostic delay and lethal complications. More intensive combinations, containing drugs with higher CNS bioavailability, are needed in cases with brain involvement, and the role of high-dose chemotherapy supported by ASCT should be further investigated in younger patients with unfavorable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Ferreri
- Department of Radiochemotherapy, San Raffaele H Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
Although thymic lesions are relatively common causes of anterior mediastinal masses, they can rarely arise in other mediastinal compartments, as it is well recognized that thymic tissue can lie in ectopic intrathoracic locations. A thymic mass within the middle mediastinum has rarely been reported, with only a single case of a thymic cyst described and no reports of a middle mediastinal thymoma. We report 2 thymic masses (1 thymoma and 1 thymic cyst) found to arise in the middle mediastinum.
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Caramaschi P, Biasi D, Lestani M, Carletto A, Bonella F, Bambara LM. [Erdheim-Chester disease]. Recenti Prog Med 2004; 95:104-7. [PMID: 15072396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In this review the authors focus on Erdheim-Chester disease, a rare systemic disorder of unknown etiology, likely neoplastic, characterised by xantogranulomatous infiltrates of foamy, lipid-laden histiocytes in all involved sites, principally bone, retroperitoneum, lung, pleura, pericardium, retroorbital tissue and brain; moreover periadventitial tissue of the aorta and major arteries may be present. The clinical picture and the course are very various. Erdheim-Chester disease belongs to histiocytosis and differs from Langerhans' cell histiocytosis for clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical features. After the observation of 2 cases we have reviewed the literature; we think useful to present the principal features of the disease, which is likely more frequent than expected; Erdheim-Chester disease is rarely diagnosed because of the poor knowledge of the disease, which is not reported on the common textbooks of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caramaschi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università, Verona
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16
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Rosenquist R, Menestrina F, Lestani M, Küppers R, Hansmann ML, Bräuninger A. Indications for peripheral light-chain revision and somatic hypermutation without a functional B-cell receptor in precursors of a composite diffuse large B-cell and Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Transl Med 2004; 84:253-62. [PMID: 14688797 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite lymphomas are rare combinations of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the same patient, where clonal relatedness has been observed in most of the few cases analyzed. Here, we report a composite classical HL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with interesting molecular features. Micromanipulation of single cells and analysis of V gene rearrangements revealed clonal relatedness with shared and distinct mutations, indicative of derivation from a common germinal center (GC) B-cell precursor and also of further development of both lymphomas in a GC. In the DLBCL, a very high mutation load, including inactivating mutations, and two copies of the same clonal rearrangement with different mutations in single cells were observed. Intriguingly, in the DLBCL precursor somatic hypermutation activity continued after acquisition of destructive V gene mutations, a feature previously found only in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infected B-cell expansions. Furthermore, we found evidence of light-chain receptor revision in the lymphoma precursor during a GC reaction. Re-expression of the V(D)J recombination machinery may enhance genomic instability in GC B cells and contribute to lymphomagenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Base Sequence
- Clone Cells
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain/genetics
- Hodgkin Disease/drug therapy
- Hodgkin Disease/genetics
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Light Chains/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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17
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Rosenquist R, Menestrina F, Lestani M, Küppers R, Hansmann ML, Bräuninger A. Indications for peripheral light-chain revision and somatic hypermutation without a functional B-cell receptor in precursors of a composite diffuse large B-cell and Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Transl Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.labinvest.3700025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Menestrina F, Lestani M, Zamò A, Chilosi M, Scarpa A. [Primary large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mediastinum]. Pathologica 2003; 95:226. [PMID: 14988977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
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19
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Chilosi M, Zamò A, Brighenti A, Malpeli G, Montagna L, Piccoli P, Pedron S, Lestani M, Inghirami G, Scarpa A, Doglioni C, Menestrina F. Constitutive expression of DeltaN-p63alpha isoform in human thymus and thymic epithelial tumours. Virchows Arch 2003; 443:175-83. [PMID: 12851817 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-003-0857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2003] [Accepted: 05/06/2003] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
p63, a member of the p53 family, is involved in the survival and differentiation of reserve/stem cells in different epithelia. To unveil the possible role of p63 in thymic physiology and pathology, we investigated the expression of p63 isoforms in normal thymus, thymomas and other mediastinal tumours. All samples were analysed using immunohistochemistry with three different antibodies: 4A4 antibody recognising all p63 isoforms, p40 antibody reacting only with truncated dominant-negative isoforms (DeltaN-p63) and H-129 antibody recognising all alpha-isoforms. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and real-time PCR analyses were performed on RNA extracted from frozen samples of four thymomas and two primary-mediastinal large-B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL). In normal thymus, DeltaN-p63alpha was expressed in all cortical and medullary epithelial cells, with decreasing intensity in Hassall's corpuscles. This phenotype was conserved in neoplastic transformation since all 54 investigated thymomas (World Health Organization types A, AB, B1, B2, B3, C) expressed DeltaN-p63alpha (virtually 100% cells). The predominance of DeltaN-p63alpha isoform mRNA was confirmed by real-time PCR. Among other mediastinal tumours, DeltaN-p63alpha was only expressed in those displaying either a stratified epithelial component (teratomas) or epidermoid differentiation (lung carcinoma). Among lymphomas, T-cell-precursor lymphomas did not express p63, whereas most PMLBCL expressed TA-p63alpha (7/8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B.Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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20
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Chilosi M, Poletti V, Zamò A, Lestani M, Montagna L, Piccoli P, Pedron S, Bertaso M, Scarpa A, Murer B, Cancellieri A, Maestro R, Semenzato G, Doglioni C. Aberrant Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2003; 162:1495-502. [PMID: 12707032 PMCID: PMC1851206 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular events that may underpin dysfunctional repair processes that characterize idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia (IPF/UIP), we analyzed the expression patterns of beta-catenin on 20 IPF/UIP lung samples, together with two downstream target genes of Wnt signaling, cyclin-D1, and matrilysin. In 18 of 20 cases of IPF/UIP investigated on serial sections, nuclear beta-catenin immunoreactivity and abnormal levels of cyclin-D1 and matrilysin were demonstrated in proliferative bronchiolar lesions (basal-cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, bronchiolization, honeycombing). The nature of these lesions was precisely defined using specific markers (DeltaN-p63, surfactant-protein-A, cytokeratin-5). Interestingly, nuclear beta-catenin accumulation was also demonstrated in fibroblast foci in most (16 of 20) IPF/UIP samples, often associated with bronchiolar lesions. Similar features were not observed in normal lung and other fibrosing pulmonary diseases (diffuse alveolar damage, organizing pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia). Sequence analysis performed on DNA extracted from three samples of IPF/UIP did not reveal abnormalities affecting the beta-catenin gene. On the basis of these findings new models for IPF/UIP pathogenesis can be hypothesized, centered on the aberrant activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, with eventual triggering of divergent epithelial regeneration at bronchiolo-alveolar junctions and epithelial-mesenchymal-transitions, leading to severe and irreversible remodeling of the pulmonary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Chilosi M, Poletti V, Murer B, Lestani M, Cancellieri A, Montagna L, Piccoli P, Cangi G, Semenzato G, Doglioni C. Abnormal re-epithelialization and lung remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the role of deltaN-p63. J Transl Med 2002; 82:1335-45. [PMID: 12379768 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000032380.82232.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Products of the p63 gene, a recently described member of the p53 family, are constitutively expressed in the basal cells of human bronchi and bronchioli. The truncated isoforms of the p63 gene (deltaN-p63 proteins) counteract the apoptotic and cell cycle inhibitory functions of p53 after DNA damage, and this property is likely to be central in the cell renewal strategy of stratified epithelial tissues. To investigate the dysfunctional repair processes that characterize idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia (IPF/UIP), we immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of the transactivating and dominant-negative isoforms of the p63 gene on 16 tissue samples obtained from patients suffering from this disorder. In most IPF cases herein investigated, epithelial cells expressing deltaN-p63 were observed at sites of abnormal proliferation at the bronchiolo-alveolar junctions, characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, bronchiolization, and abnormal p53 nuclear accumulation. Similar features were not observed in normal lung and in samples taken from other pulmonary diseases used as controls, including acute interstitial pneumonia, idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and desquamative interstitial pneumonia. On the basis of these findings, we can hypothesize a new model for UIP pathogenesis, involving a deregulated development of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions and abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells at the bronchiolo-alveolar junction after cell injury. In our view, the progressive loss of alveolar tissue and lung remodeling after injury in IPF/UIP is concomitantly produced by pneumocyte loss and alveolar collapse on one hand and by progressive bronchiolar proliferation and architectural distortion on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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23
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Lunardi C, Bason C, Leandri M, Navone R, Lestani M, Millo E, Benatti U, Cilli M, Beri R, Corrocher R, Puccetti A. Autoantibodies to inner ear and endothelial antigens in Cogan's syndrome. Lancet 2002; 360:915-21. [PMID: 12354474 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cogan's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin, characterised by sensorineural hearing loss, episcleritis, and vasculitis. An autoimmune origin has been suggested but not proven. Our aim was to establish whether or not an autoimmune process is the cause of the disease. METHODS We used pooled IgG immunoglobulins derived from eight patients with Cogan's syndrome to screen a random peptide library to identify disease relevant autoantigen peptides. Among the identified peptides, one was recognised by all the patients' sera. Antibodies against peptides were affinity purified from patients' sera and used to characterise the autoantigen, to stain human cochlea, and to transfer the features of Cogan's disease into animals. FINDINGS We identified an immunodominant peptide that shows similarity with autoantigens such as SSA/Ro and with the reovirus III major core protein lambda 1. The peptide sequence shows similarity also with the cell-density enhanced protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (DEP-1/CD148), which is expressed on the sensory epithelia of the inner ear and on endothelial cells. IgG antibodies against the peptide, purified from the patients' sera, recognised autoantigens and DEP-1/CD148 protein, bound human cochlea, and inhibited proliferation of cells expressing DEP-1/CD148. The same antibodies bound connexin 26, gene mutations of which lead to congenital inner-ear deafness. Furthermore, these antibodies were able to induce the features of Cogan's disease in mice. INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that Cogan's syndrome is an autoimmune disease, characterised by the presence of autoantibodies able to induce tissue damage on binding of cell-surface molecules present on the sensory epithelia of the inner ear and on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Lunardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Adami F, Bortolin M, Lestani M, Chilosi M, Semenzato G. Prognostic factors in malignant transformation of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:1713-4. [PMID: 12400621 DOI: 10.1080/1042819021000003117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Chilosi M, Chiarle R, Lestani M, Menestrina F, Montagna L, Ambrosetti A, Prolla G, Pizzolo G, Doglioni C, Piva R, Pagano M, Inghirami G. Low expression of p27 and low proliferation index do not correlate in hairy cell leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2000; 111:263-71. [PMID: 11091210 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis accounting for the peculiar clinical and biological features of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is currently unknown. Deregulation of cell cycle genes plays a significant role in oncogenesis and there is considerable evidence suggesting that Cdk inhibitors (Ckis) function as tumour suppressors. We and others have recently demonstrated low expression of Cki p27 in very aggressive neoplasms and high-grade lymphomas. To investigate whether HCL cases express normal p27 protein, as in other low-grade lymphomas with a low proliferation index, 58 cases of HCL were characterized using a sensitive biotin-streptavidin-immunoperoxidase technique and specific antibodies against p27. All HCL cases showed either no or very weak reactivity, in contrast to other types of low-grade B-cell lymphoma [22 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), 12 cases of gastric marginal B-cell lymphoma (MALT), 16 cases of follicular lymphomas and two cases of splenic marginal zone lymphomas]. To investigate the possible mechanism(s) accounting for the low p27 expression observed in hairy cells, multiple approaches were used. According to these molecular studies, low levels of p2 7 are not as a result of (1) increased ubiquitin-mediated degradation, (2) decreased levels of p27 transcription or (3) p27 somatic mutations and/or allelic loss. These findings suggest that low p27 protein expression in HCL may be achieved through post-transcriptional regulation. Finally, our data demonstrate that p27 expression in HCL does not correlate with either cell cycle progression or proliferation index, suggesting that low levels of p27 in hairy cells may be associated with their unique stage of B-cell differentiation and/or the activation of as yet unknown pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
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26
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Chilosi M, Adami F, Lestani M, Montagna L, Cimarosto L, Semenzato G, Pizzolo G, Menestrina F. CD138/syndecan-1: a useful immunohistochemical marker of normal and neoplastic plasma cells on routine trephine bone marrow biopsies. Mod Pathol 1999; 12:1101-6. [PMID: 10619261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Detection of abnormal numbers and/or distribution of bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PCs) on trephine biopsies can be important in the differential diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) and other PC disorders. A variety of immunohistochemical markers can potentially improve the specificity and sensitivity of PC detection on routine histological sections obtained from trephine BM biopsies, but most of them are not completely satisfactory. In this study, we investigated whether the antibody CD138/B-B4, which is an optimal marker for PC detection on BM aspirates by flow cytometry, can be used successfully for the identification of PCs also on formalin-fixed, decalcified biopsies. A series of samples including normal BM [12], MM [65], monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance [44], and B-cell lymphoma of various types [94], including B-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia [9], lymphoplasmacytoid [17], immunoblastic [14], lymphocytic/CLL [23], hairy cell leukemia [4], large B-cell [8], mantle-cell [3], marginal zone [6] and follicular [10] lymphomas, have been investigated for CD138 expression using a sensitive immunohistochemical technique. Within the BM microenvironment, CD138 was characterized by excellent sensitivity and specificity. Virtually all normal and neoplastic PCs expressed clear-cut membrane CD138 immunostaining, whereas all other cell types did not. All cases of MM, including plasmablastic and leukemic cases, showed strong immunoreactivity. Conversely, all B-cell lymphomas, including all cases characterized by secretive features, lymphoplasmacytoid, and immunoblastic lymphomas, were completely negative. These results demonstrate that CD138 is a highly sensitive and specific marker that is useful for the rapid and precise localization of normal and neoplastic PCs on routine BM sections. In addition, because of its clear-cut cell membrane localization, CD138 can be used successfully in double-marker immunostaining reactions to evaluate precisely nuclear prognostic markers such as Ki67 and p53 in MMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy.
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Chilosi M, Lestani M, Guasparri I, Menestrina F, Mariuzzi GM. [Genomic imprinting, cell cycle, and trophoblast disease]. Pathologica 1999; 91:119-20. [PMID: 10484872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
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Chilosi M, Piazzola E, Lestani M, Benedetti A, Guasparri I, Granchelli G, Aldovini D, Leonardi E, Pizzolo G, Doglioni C, Menestrina F, Mariuzzi GM. Differential expression of p57kip2, a maternally imprinted cdk inhibitor, in normal human placenta and gestational trophoblastic disease. J Transl Med 1998; 78:269-76. [PMID: 9520940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has recently been provided to support a role for genomic imprinting in the regulation of embryonic implantation and development and placental growth, as well as in the pathogenesis of proliferative trophoblastic diseases. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57KIP2 has recently been recognized as a maternally imprinted gene. We investigated p57KIP2 expression in first-trimester normal placentas from interrupted pregnancy, spontaneous abortions, and different types of proliferative trophoblastic diseases using single- and double-marker immunohistochemical techniques. In normal placenta, nuclear p57KIP2 expression was observed at high frequency (up to 100%) in extravillous trophoblast, cytotrophoblast, and implantation-site interstitial trophoblast, but was absent in syncytiotrophoblast. p57KIP2 was also expressed in the stromal cells of maternal decidua, which was one of the few adult tissues retaining p57KIP2 expression (most other adult tissues investigated were negative). p57KIP2 expression was either absent or low in all cases of diploid/tetraploid complete moles (20 cases) and in three cases of gestational choriocarcinoma. On the other hand, all spontaneous abortions (12 cases) and triploid partial moles (19 cases) showed p57KIP2 levels comparable to those observed in normal placenta. These findings are in line with the hypothesis that deregulation of genomic imprinting, particularly the loss of cell-cycle inhibitors such as p57KIP2, is involved in the abnormal development of androgenetic trophoblastic proliferations. In addition, this simple immunohistochemical analysis could provide a useful diagnostic marker in difficult cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, University of Verona, Italy
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30
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Chilosi M, Doglioni C, Yan Z, Lestani M, Menestrina F, Sorio C, Benedetti A, Vinante F, Pizzolo G, Inghirami G. Differential expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 in cortical thymocytes and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia. Am J Pathol 1998; 152:209-17. [PMID: 9422538 PMCID: PMC1858129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-6 (CDK6) is the earliest inducible member of the CDK family in human T lymphocytes, involved in growth factor stimulation and cell cycle progression. CDK6 is one of the targets of p16 and p15, CDK inhibitors encoded by MTS1 and MTS2, two tumor suppressor genes that are frequently deleted in T-cell leukemia. In this study we have investigated CDK6 expression in normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissues using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. In normal (six samples) and hyperplastic (four samples) thymuses, strong CDK6 expression was observed in a discrete proportion of cortical thymocytes (10 to 15%), mainly located in the peripheral (subcapsular) zone of the cortex. All tested cases of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL/ALL) showed strong CDK6 expression in the majority (up to 100%) of neoplastic lymphoid cells. Western blot analysis confirmed the expected CDK6 protein size (40 kd). According to Southern blot analysis, CDK6 overexpression in neoplastic T lymphoblasts was not due to gene amplification. In all other lymphomas investigated (28 peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin's lympohomas (T-NHLs), 7 CD30+ anaplastic NHLs, 22 high-grade B-NHLs, 15 low-grade B-NHLs, 25 B-cell precursor ALLs), CDK6 was not expressed or expressed at low levels, with the only exception of three nasal angiocentric T-NHLs, all exhibiting CDK6 immunoreactivity comparable to that observed in T-LBL/ALL. These data provide evidence that CDK6 is abnormally expressed in T-LBL/ALL and may be involved in the pathogenesis of this malignancy. In addition, the quantitative difference of CDK6 expression between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cortical thymocytes can be potentially useful in the differential diagnosis of thymic neoplasms on histological and cytological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy.
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31
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Lestani M, Menestrina F. [Myelodysplastic syndromes: diagnosis from bone biopsy is reliable but requires a close collaboration between the anatomo-pathologist and the clinician. a good knowledge of differential diagnosis and of clinical pictures which can mimic myelodysplasia]. Pathologica 1997; 89:326-8. [PMID: 9380427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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32
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Chilosi M, Doglioni C, Menestrina F, Lestani M, Piazzola E, Benedetti A, Pedron S, Montagna L, Pizzolo G, Mariuzzi GM, Janossy G. Expression of extracellular matrix molecules, proliferation markers and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in inflamed tissues. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:524-8. [PMID: 9191148 DOI: 10.1042/bst0250524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
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33
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Chilosi M, Facchettti F, Dei Tos AP, Lestani M, Morassi ML, Martignoni G, Sorio C, Benedetti A, Morelli L, Doglioni C, Barberis M, Menestrina F, Viale G. bcl-2 expression in pleural and extrapleural solitary fibrous tumours. J Pathol 1997; 181:362-7. [PMID: 9196431 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199704)181:4<362::aid-path764>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the immunoreactivity for bcl-2, a molecule involved in the control of programmed cell death, in cases of pleural (14) and extrapleural (2) solitary fibrous tumour (SFT), malignant mesotheliomas of different histological types, and a variety of extrapleural CD34-positive and CD34-negative spindle-cell tumours. In all SFTs, strong and diffuse immunostaining was demonstrated with anti-bel-2 antibody, sharply contrasting with the complete lack of staining observed in all mesotheliomas. The specificity of immunodetection of bcl-2 in SFT was confirmed by immunoblot analysis, showing a band consistent with the bcl-2 protein. At extrapleural locations, strong bcl-2 immunoreactivity was observed in Schwannoma (2/3 cases), synovial sarcoma (4/4 cases), and all cases of CD34-positive gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST; 10/10 cases). Most sarcomas were bcl-2-negative. Lack of bcl-2 expression was demonstrated in tumours which can pose problems in the differential diagnosis of SFT and can exhibit haemangiopericytoma-like features, including haemangiopericytoma (3 cases), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (16 cases), and deep-seated fibrous histiocytoma (3 cases). The constitutive expression of bcl-2 in SFT widens the spectrum of available markers for these tumours, providing a useful adjunct to their differential diagnosis in difficult cases at pleural and extrapleural sites, and contributing to the understanding of their histogenesis and molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
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34
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Chilosi M, Doglioni C, Magalini A, Inghirami G, Krampera M, Nadali G, Rahal D, Pedron S, Benedetti A, Scardoni M, Macrì E, Lestani M, Menestrina F, Pizzolo G, Scarpa A. p21/WAF1 cyclin-kinase inhibitor expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a potential marker of p53 tumor-suppressor gene function. Blood 1996; 88:4012-20. [PMID: 8916968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
p21WAF1 (wild-type p53-activated fragment 1) is involved in the control of mammalian cell cycle through the binding and inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk). Because the product of WAF1 gene is a potent downstream effector of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene function, its pattern of cellular expression might correlate with nuclear accumulation of p53-encoded protein and/or p53 gene mutations occurring in malignant lymphomas. To investigate this issue, we analyzed immunohistochemically the expression of p53 and p21WAF1 proteins in tissue involved by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs;253 cases) of various histologic types. In a proportion of them (80 cases), we also investigated the possible presence of p53 gene mutations using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct DNA sequencing. The absence of both p21WAF1 and p53 proteins was observed in 147 of 217 cases (67.7%) among CD30-NHL and in only 8 of 36 (22.2%) CD30+cases, which were mostly anaplastic large-cell lymphomas. A consistent number (> 10%) of p21WAF1-expressing cells was shown in 48 of 253 (18.9%) NHL cases, with a higher incidence in CD30+cases (25/36 [69.4%]), which mostly (21/36) coexpressed p53. These latter cases were characterized by a germline configuration of the p53 gene. In 50 of 253 NHL samples (19.7%), 47 of which (21.6%) belong to the CD30-group, neoplastic cells were p53+/p21-. In all of these cases, the p53+cells accounted for more than 50% of neoplastic cells, up to 100%. Point mutations of p53 gene were solely observed in all investigated cases with this latter phenotype. Our findings strongly suggest that the combined immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 and p21WAF1 is a valuable means of assessing the functional status of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene product in NHL with potential application in the monitorage and prognostication of individual cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy
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35
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Chilosi M, Pizzolo G, Gogilioni C, Montagna L, Rigo A, Pedron S, Bendetti A, Caneva A, Pecor S, Tolo C, Lestani M, Scarpa A, Menestrina F. Immunohistochemical evidence of abnormal expression of MDM2 and p53 in Hodgkin's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0968-6053(00)80037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Chilosi M, Doglioni C, Menestrina F, Montagna L, Rigo A, Lestani M, Barbareschi M, Scarpa A, Mariuzzi GM, Pizzolo G. Abnormal expression of the p53-binding protein MDM2 in Hodgkin's disease. Blood 1994; 84:4295-300. [PMID: 7994045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible involvement of p53 tumor suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease (HD) is suggested by the frequent finding of abnormal accumulation of p53 protein in the nuclei of Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants (H-RS) in a large proportion of cases. This finding, besides being consistent with the presence of p53 gene mutations, might represent a consequence of the inactivating interaction between p53 and p53-binding proteins such as the product of the MDM2 cellular oncogene. We have examined an unselected series of 77 HD cases of different histologic patterns for the expression of p53 and MDM2 proteins, using specific monoclonal antibodies and sensitive immunohistochemical techniques in single- and double-marker combination. In the large majority of cases (66/77), a variable proportion of H-RS cells expressed MDM2 that was strictly confined to the nuclei. Coexpression of both MDM2 and p53 was common in the same cells. The abnormal nuclear expression of p53 and MDM2 did not seem to correlate with the presence of Epstein-Barr virus infection, as shown by the results of LMP-1 antigen expression and EBER in situ hybridization analysis. Our data suggest that the abnormal accumulation of MDM2 and p53 proteins in HD might reflect a derangement of molecular mechanisms that could play a pathogenetic role in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy
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37
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Menestrina F, Lestani M, Scarpa A, Viale G, Bonetti F, Pizzolo G, Chilosi M. Common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-lymphoma expressing cytokeratin: a case report. Virchows Arch 1994; 425:83-7. [PMID: 7522853 DOI: 10.1007/bf00193954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This report presents a case of common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-lymphoma expressing low molecular weight cytokeratin but no leukocyte common antigen (CD45) in a 57-year-old man. The unusual morphology and clinical course together with the aberrant immunohistochemical results suggested a diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma. A detailed immunohistochemistry study on frozen and paraffin sections and molecular analysis prevented a diagnostic mistake.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Menestrina
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy
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38
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Abstract
A simple and rapid one-step method for demonstrating immunohistochemical markers (leukocyte common antigen, cytokeratin, etc.) is described, which can help define the nature of poorly differentiated neoplasms for diagnosis using frozen section. Microwave irradiation was used to speed immunohistochemical analysis using "Enhanced Polymer One-step Staining" (EPOS) reagents on cryostat sections from a variety of pathologic samples. Reproducible results were obtained using EPOS reagents for leukocyte common antigen and cytokeratin. The overall procedure takes less than 10 min and can be completed during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
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Chilosi M, Lestani M, Benedetti A, Montagna L, Pedron S, Scarpa A, Menestrina F, Hirohashi S, Pizzolo G, Semenzato G. Constitutive expression of tenascin in T-dependent zones of human lymphoid tissues. Am J Pathol 1993; 143:1348-55. [PMID: 7694469 PMCID: PMC1887172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin is a major extracellular matrix glycoprotein that can interfere with the action of fibronectin by inhibiting cell adhesion and spreading. Although tenascin is able to exert important immunomodulatory activities on T and B cells and macrophages, little is known about its distribution in different lymphohemopoietic tissues. In this study we have analyzed tenascin immunoreactivity on cryostat and paraffin sections of normal and pathological lymphoid tissues using two different monoclonal antibodies. We demonstrated strong tenascin expression in all peripheral lymphoid tissues, whereas it was barely detectable in the thymus and in bone marrow. In reactive lymph nodes, tenascin was mainly found in T-dependent zones, forming a variably close-woven reticular network corresponding to fibroblastic reticulum cells and blood vessels basal laminae, showing a partial co-localization with fibronectin. In B-dependent zones, tenascin was restricted to blood vessels. Using double-marker analysis, we performed a thorough study comparing tenascin expression in different compartments of lymphoid microenvironments. Tenascin network appeared much thicker in chronically stimulated tissues, where CD4+ lymphocytes with "memory" phenotype (CD45RO+/CD45RA-) were predominant, and at sites of ongoing inflammation. In particular, a striking increase of tenascin was observed in sarcoid lymph node, as well as in myasthenic hyperplastic thymuses. In addition, tenascin can be abnormally synthesized in tissue involved by various types of lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease and hairy cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Instituto di Anatomia Pathologica, Universita di Verona, Italy
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40
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Chilosi M, Menestrina F, Lestani M, Cipriani A, Pomponi F, Angi M, Adami F, Semenzato G. Immunohistochemical detection of microenvironmental abnormalities in lung biopsies from patients with sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 1993; 10:152-3. [PMID: 8140308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy. Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy
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41
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Chilosi M, Montagna L, Lestani M, Menestrina F, Mariuzzi GM. Quantitative approach to the immunohistochemical analysis of p53 antioncogene and CD30 antigen in Hodgkin' disease. In Vivo 1993; 7:393-4. [PMID: 8218985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a multimarker immunohistochemical technique is described in detail which allows the quantitative evaluation in situ of cells expressing abnormal accumulation of p53 phosphoprotein together with the CD30 antigen, a well known marker of Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells. The method is useful to define quantitatively the proportion of phenotypically abnormal cells in the complex microenvironment of Hodgkin's lesions, and to compare the phenotypical derangement of p53 gene with molecular biology data obtained on the same samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy
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42
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Schiavone D, Curti P, Tontodonati M, Lazzarotto M, Novella G, Azzolina L, Lestani M, Mobilio G. Flow-Cytometry Dna Analysis in Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatic Cancer. Urologia 1993. [DOI: 10.1177/039156039306000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We submitted 229 tissue samples of 90 patients with prostatic hyperplasia and 51 patients with prostatic cancer to flow-cytometry DNA analysis. Samples were obtained with different modalities. Needle biopsy proves an effective method to provide adequate tissue samples. Results show that more than one sample is necessary in order to establish the cytometric pattern of hyperplastic and neoplastic prostate glands. Both aneuploidy and high S-phase can be found in BPH. Prostatic cancer is often heterogeneous at DNA analysis; aneuploidy can be found more frequently than in hyperplastic tissue and can be of different type.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Schiavone
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - P. Curti
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - M. Tontodonati
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - M. Lazzarotto
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - G. Novella
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - L.S. Azzolina
- Istituto di Scienze Immunologiche - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - M. Lestani
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - G. Mobilio
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
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43
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Adami F, Chilosi M, Lestani M, Scarpa A, Zambello R, Pomponi F, Semenzato G, Menestrina F. A CD5+ leukemic lymphoma with monocytoid features: an unusual B-cell lymphoma mimicking hairy-cell leukemia. Acta Haematol 1993; 89:94-9. [PMID: 7684880 DOI: 10.1159/000204496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A case of lymphoma presenting with features shared by hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and its variant, intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma (ILL) and monocytoid B-cell lymphoma (MBCL) is described. Clinical presentation and the morphological findings observed in peripheral blood and in bone marrow biopsy suggested an HCL; however, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase negativity of peripheral blood lymphocytes, the histologic pattern observed in the spleen, and the immunophenotyping of peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow neoplastic lymphocytes (expression of CD5 and lack of CD25), were strongly against this hypothesis. The clinical course was aggressive. This report emphasizes the concept of the equivocal presentation of some 'low-grade' B-cell lymphomas. It is further pointed out that, even with complete and exhaustive morphological and immunological analyses, atypical cases may be encountered.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Biopsy
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- CD5 Antigens
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/diagnosis
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- F Adami
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Italy
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44
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Chilosi M, Castelli P, Martignoni G, Pizzolo G, Montresor E, Facchetti F, Truini M, Mombello A, Lestani M, Scarpa A. Neoplastic epithelial cells in a subset of human thymomas express the B cell-associated CD20 antigen. Am J Surg Pathol 1992; 16:988-97. [PMID: 1384372 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199210000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 36 human thymomas have been immunohistochemically analyzed using a panel of antibodies recognizing B-cell markers including CD20. Most thymomas exhibiting the cortical pattern, according to the criteria of Marino and Muller-Hermelink, were characterized by areas of medullary differentiation containing variable numbers of CD20+ B lymphocytes, thus mimicking the medulla of normal thymus. On the other hand, B cells were absent or rare in thymomas recognized as mixed using the same morphological criteria. Surprisingly, we observed in most mixed thymomas variable numbers of CD20+ spindle cells, characterized by long slender processes. Using double-marker analysis we could demonstrate the epithelial nature of these cells (expression of keratin and lack of lymphoid and B-cell-related markers). The immunoreactivity of thymoma epithelial cells with L26, an antibody widely used in the characterization of B-cell lymphomas, can represent a drawback of practical relevance in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy
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45
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Menestrina F, Lestani M, Mombello A, Cipriani A, Pomponi F, Adami F, Semenzato G, Chilosi M. Transbronchial biopsy in sarcoidosis: the role of immunohistochemical analysis for granuloma detection. Sarcoidosis 1992; 9:95-100. [PMID: 1285342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study 27 transbronchial biopsy specimens obtained from patients with clinical and/or laboratory features suggestive for sarcoidosis were analysed with conventional morphology and immunohistochemistry comparing the sensitivity and reproducibility of the two methods. A limited panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing epitopes resistant to conventional fixation and embedment procedures were used (CD45R0, CD68, anti-cheratin, anti-collagen IV). All specimens were independently observed by two different pathologists. On the basis of the recognition of bona-fide noncaseating granulomas, 9 cases were uniformly judged as positive, 10 cases as negative, but 8 cases were considered doubtful. Immunohistochemical analysis reliably demonstrated the presence of epithelioid cells in 3 of these cases and absence in 5. These data suggest that the use of a limited immunohistochemical analysis can significantly improve histological diagnosis of sarcoidosis on small transbronchial biopsies using conventional routine material.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Menestrina
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy
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46
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Chilosi M, Doglioni C, Pelosio P, Mombello A, Montagna L, Benedetti A, Lestani M, Giovanni P, Menestrina F. Detection of calbindin-D immunoreactivity in human follicular dendritic cells. J Pathol 1992; 166:121-7. [PMID: 1560312 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711660207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-binding protein calbindin-D (28 kD) has been analysed immunohistochemically in different human lymphoid tissues. Combined immunohistochemical staining showed that calbindin-D (28 kD) is expressed by only a proportion of dendritic cells within the light zone of germinal centres, where antigens in the form of immune complexes are trapped and presented to B lymphocytes. All other cell types including macrophages, interdigitating cells, and various lymphocyte populations were negative. The expression of calbindin-D in this functionally relevant subset of follicular dendritic cells could have a role in the regulation of proliferation and selection of memory B-cells by modulating the concentration of calcium ions. Calbindin-D may be a useful marker for analysing in situ the phases of follicular development in different physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona, Italy
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47
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Chilosi M, Mombello A, Lestani M, Menestrina F, Fiore-Donati L, Cipriani A, Zambello R, Semenzato G. Immunohistochemical characterization of sarcoid granuloma: differentiation antigens and adhesion molecules. Sarcoidosis 1991; 8:171-2. [PMID: 1669986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Verona
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Chilosi M, Mombello A, Montagna L, Benedetti A, Lestani M, Semenzato G, Menestrina F. Multimarker immunohistochemical staining of calgranulins, chloroacetate esterase, and S100 for simultaneous demonstration of inflammatory cells on paraffin sections. J Histochem Cytochem 1990; 38:1669-75. [PMID: 2212622 DOI: 10.1177/38.11.2212622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mac387 monoclonal antibody (MAb) recognizes two calcium binding, myeloid-associated proteins, now termed calgranulins, expressed at high levels by neutrophils and monocytes. Calgranulins are related to migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and are lost in a few days from monocytes differentiated in vitro. This marker is therefore potentially useful to analyze macrophage heterogeneity and turnover in tissue sections. In this study, we developed an immunohistochemical multimarker technique, including calgranulin demonstration, suitable for analyzing different inflammatory cells on paraffin-embedded material. The technique was carried out in subsequent steps demonstrating (a) naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (CAE); (b) S100 immunoreactivity using a rabbit antibody in peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining; and (c) Mac387 immunoreactivity using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique. CAE staining was introduced in this method to distinguish Mac387+/CAE- macrophages from Mac387+/CAE+ neutrophils, and Mac387-/CAE+ mast cells. S100 protein is strongly expressed within lymphoid tissues by dendritic accessory cells and was then applied to distinguish these cells from S100-macrophages. We have also verified the possibility of reducing the staining time for this time-consuming procedure by use of microwave irradiation. The technique was applied to a representative variety of normal and pathological samples to assess its usefulness for study of cell heterogeneity. Our results showed the multimarker technique to be highly informative in the study of inflammatory lesions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoid and cat-scratch granulomas, dermathopathic lymphadenopathy), and is of wide potential value as an aid to histopathological diagnosis of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Universita' di Verona, Italy
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Chilosi M, Gilioli E, Lestani M, Menestrina F, Fiore-Donati L. Immunohistochemical characterization of osteoclasts and osteoclast-like cells with monoclonal antibody MB1 on paraffin-embedded tissues. J Pathol 1988; 156:251-4. [PMID: 2904980 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711560310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study we provide evidence that MB1, a newly developed monoclonal antibody which reacts with B lymphocytes and a proportion of T cells and monocytes, can be successfully used for the direct immunohistochemical identification of osteoclasts on paraffin-embedded surgical specimens. The antigen(s) recognized by MB1 is present at high density in the cytoplasm of osteoclasts of fetal bone and in the multinucleated cells of human giant cell tumour of bone (osteoclastoma), but is weakly expressed or absent in the giant cells of granulomas. MB1 is thus proposed as a new immunohistochemical marker for osteoclasts on paraffin-embedded material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, University of Verona, Italy
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Chilosi M, Menestrina F, Capelli P, Montagna L, Lestani M, Pizzolo G, Cipriani A, Agostini C, Trentin L, Zambello R. Immunohistochemical analysis of sarcoid granulomas. Evaluation of Ki67+ and interleukin-1+ cells. Am J Pathol 1988; 131:191-8. [PMID: 3282443 PMCID: PMC1880590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cells have been immunophenotypically characterized in lymph node and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples obtained from patients with active and inactive sarcoidosis with the cell-cycle-related antigen Ki67. Ki67 monoclonal antibody was used by combined immunohistochemical methods together with antibodies recognizing macrophage- and T-cell-subset-related antigens using avidin-biotin peroxidase (ABC) and alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) systems. Many proliferating Ki67+ cells were found in affected mediastinal lymph nodes. These cells were mainly located around granulomas and exhibited phenotypical markers of helper/inducer T cells (CD3+, CD4+). Ki67+ macrophages could not be detected in the same lesions with this technique. A different picture was found in BAL preparations where proportions of both T lymphocytes and macrophages were Ki67+. The presence of replicating lymphocytes could be correlated to disease activity, whereas the proportions of Ki67+ macrophages did not show significant differences between active and inactive disease. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression was investigated in the same samples with a specific antiserum. Epithelioid macrophages in granulomas and BAL macrophages in all cases exhibited cytoplasmic staining revealing an activated status. Interestingly, giant cells in granulomas were mainly devoid of IL-1 immunoreactivity. These studies support the concept that activated cells at different sites of ongoing inflammation play a central role in the mechanisms accounting for granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, University of Verona, Italy
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