1
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Goetzinger F, Hohl M, Lauder L, Millenaar D, Reichrath J, Meyer MR, Boehm M, Ukena C, Mahfoud F. Hydrochlorothiazide does not lead to phototoxic reactions and DNA damage in healthy volunteers the HCTox study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Hypertension represents the most common cardiovascular risk factor for premature death worldwide. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is one of the most commonly used antihypertensive and diuretic drug worldwide. Recently, pharmacoepidemiologic studies associated the use of HCTZ with increased risk of skin cancer. As a result, prescriptions of HCTZ decreased, leading to worsening of blood pressure therapy in a significant proportion of patients. However, whether HCTZ causes skin cancer remains elusive. We aimed to examine the photosensitive potential of HCTZ in vivo. To further enlighten the pathophysiologic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and phototoxicity caused by HCTZ in vitro, we conducted a series of laboratory experiments.
Methods
This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessed the phototoxic properties of HCTZ. We randomly assigned 30 healthy adult volunteers in a 2:1 ratio to either HCTZ 25 mg daily or placebo once daily for 15 days. Skin photosensitivity by phototesting for UV-A and UV-B radiation, office blood pressure, serum-vitamin-D status and urinary excretion of thymidine-dimers were measured. To further assess the pathophysiologic mechanisms of possibly HCTZ induced photosensitivity, human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were incubated with HCTZ and then irradiated with UV-B radiation (311 nm one burst of 100 J/cm2). rt-PCR-testing and western blots were performed to analyze reactive oxygen species, inflammation and carcinogenesis.
Results
All 30 participants were adherent to the protocol, as confirmed by toxicological analysis of serum and urine. Skin photosensitivity to exposure of UV-A and UV-B radiation remained unchanged in both groups (UVB-MED: HCTZ Δ = 0.0 J/cm2 vs. placebo Δ = −0.2 J/cm2; p=0.06). No thymidine-dimers were detected in urine of either group. Systolic blood pressure decreased in both groups but was not different between HCTZ and placebo (HCTZ Δ = −5.2 mmHg vs. placebo Δ = −5.4 mmHg; p=0.94). The same was found for diastolic blood pressure (HCTZ Δ = −1.9 mmHg vs. placebo Δ = −4.3 mmHg; p=0.34). Serum-vitamin-D increased in both groups (HCTZ Δ = +2.7 ng/ml vs. placebo Δ = 0.9 ng/ml; p=0.56). In addition, combination of HCTZ and a high intensity burst of UV-B radiation did not increase expression of inflammatory proteins or increase formation of reactive oxygen species (SOD-1, SOD-2, and catalase).
Conclusions
HCTZ did not significantly increase photosensitivity for UV-A or UV-B radiation in healthy volunteers compared with placebo. Moreover, no relevant DNA-damages were detected in either group. HCTZ alone did not increase inflammation, formation of reactive oxygen species or carcinogenesis in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, the combination of a UV-B burst of 100 J/cm2 and HCTZ was not associated with additive effects on inflammation, reactive oxygen species or carcinogenisis.
HCTZ in a cumulative dose of 375 did not increase photosensitivity or DNA-damages in vivo.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Goetzinger
- University hospital of Saarland (UKS) , Homburg , Germany
| | - M Hohl
- University hospital of Saarland (UKS) , Homburg , Germany
| | - L Lauder
- University hospital of Saarland (UKS) , Homburg , Germany
| | - D Millenaar
- University hospital of Saarland (UKS) , Homburg , Germany
| | - J Reichrath
- University hospital of Saarland (UKS) , Homburg , Germany
| | - M R Meyer
- University hospital of Saarland (UKS) , Homburg , Germany
| | - M Boehm
- University hospital of Saarland (UKS) , Homburg , Germany
| | - C Ukena
- University hospital of Saarland (UKS) , Homburg , Germany
| | - F Mahfoud
- University hospital of Saarland (UKS) , Homburg , Germany
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2
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Janson M, Gratton R, Rodet L, Vigan A, Bonnefoy M, Delorme P, Mamajek EE, Reffert S, Stock L, Marleau GD, Langlois M, Chauvin G, Desidera S, Ringqvist S, Mayer L, Viswanath G, Squicciarini V, Meyer MR, Samland M, Petrus S, Helled R, Kenworthy MA, Quanz SP, Biller B, Henning T, Mesa D, Engler N, Carson JC. A wide-orbit giant planet in the high-mass b Centauri binary system. Nature 2021; 600:231-234. [PMID: 34880428 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Planet formation occurs around a wide range of stellar masses and stellar system architectures1. An improved understanding of the formation process can be achieved by studying it across the full parameter space, particularly towards the extremes. Earlier studies of planets in close-in orbits around high-mass stars have revealed an increase in giant planet frequency with increasing stellar mass2 until a turnover point at 1.9 solar masses (M⊙), above which the frequency rapidly decreases3. This could potentially imply that planet formation is impeded around more massive stars, and that giant planets around stars exceeding 3 M⊙ may be rare or non-existent. However, the methods used to detect planets in small orbits are insensitive to planets in wide orbits. Here we demonstrate the existence of a planet at 560 times the Sun-Earth distance from the 6- to 10-M⊙ binary b Centauri through direct imaging. The planet-to-star mass ratio of 0.10-0.17% is similar to the Jupiter-Sun ratio, but the separation of the detected planet is about 100 times wider than that of Jupiter. Our results show that planets can reside in much more massive stellar systems than what would be expected from extrapolation of previous results. The planet is unlikely to have formed in situ through the conventional core accretion mechanism4, but might have formed elsewhere and arrived to its present location through dynamical interactions, or might have formed via gravitational instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Janson
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Laetitia Rodet
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Vigan
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), UMR 7326, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Eric E Mamajek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sabine Reffert
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Stock
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel-Dominique Marleau
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maud Langlois
- CRAL, UMR 5574, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - Gaël Chauvin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France.,Unidad Mixta Internacional Franco-Chilena de Astronomía, CNRS/INSU UMI 3386 and Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Simon Ringqvist
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucio Mayer
- Center for Theoretical Physics and Cosmology, Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Vito Squicciarini
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "Galileo Galilei", University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael R Meyer
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthias Samland
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Petrus
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Ravit Helled
- Center for Theoretical Physics and Cosmology, Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sascha P Quanz
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beth Biller
- SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Dino Mesa
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Natalia Engler
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joseph C Carson
- College of Charleston, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Charleston, SC, USA
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3
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Williams JR, Meyer MR, Ricard JA, Sen R, Young CC, Feroze AH, Greil ME, Barros G, Durfy S, Hanak B, Morton RP, Temkin NR, Barber JK, Mac Donald CL, Chesnut RM. Re-examining decompressive craniectomy medial margin distance from midline as a metric for calculating the risk of post-traumatic hydrocephalus. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 87:125-131. [PMID: 33863519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a life-saving procedure in severe traumatic brain injury, but is associated with higher rates of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH). The relationship between the medial craniectomy margin's proximity to midline and frequency of developing PTH is controversial. The primary study objective was to determine whether average medial craniectomy margin distance from midline was closer to midline in patients who developed PTH after DC for severe TBI compared to patients that did not. The secondary objective was to determine if a threshold distance from midline could be identified, at which the risk of developing PTH increased if the DC was performed closer to midline than this threshold. A retrospective review was performed of 380 patients undergoing DC at a single institution between March 2004 and November 2014. Clinical, operative and demographic variables were collected, including age, sex, DC parameters and occurrence of PTH. Statistical analysis compared mean axial craniectomy margin distance from midline in patients with versus without PTH. Distances from midline were tested as potential thresholds. No significant difference was identified in mean axial craniectomy margin distance from midline in patients developing PTH compared with patients with no PTH (n = 24, 12.8 mm versus n = 356, 16.6 mm respectively, p = 0.086). No significant cutoff distance from midline was identified (n = 212, p = 0.201). This study, the largest to date, was unable to identify a threshold with sufficient discrimination to support clinical recommendations in terms of DC margins with regard to midline, including thresholds reportedly significant in previously published research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Williams
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
| | - Michael R Meyer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Ricard
- University of Minnesota, 3 Morrill Hall, 100 Church St. S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rajeev Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Christopher C Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Abdullah H Feroze
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson St., Suite 2562B, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Madeline E Greil
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Guilherme Barros
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Sharon Durfy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Brian Hanak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Ryan P Morton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7843, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nancy R Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Jason K Barber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Christine L Mac Donald
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Randall M Chesnut
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359924, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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4
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Stolla M, Zhang F, Meyer MR, Zhang J, Dong JF. Current state of transfusion in traumatic brain injury and associated coagulopathy. Transfusion 2019; 59:1522-1528. [PMID: 30980753 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced coagulopathy has long been recognized as a significant risk for poor outcomes in patients with TBI, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. As a result, current treatment options for the condition are limited and ineffective. The lack of information is most significant for the impact of blood transfusions on patients with isolated TBI and in the absence of confounding influences from trauma to the body and limbs and the resultant hemorrhagic shock. Here we discuss recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of TBI-induced coagulopathy and the current state of blood transfusions for patients with TBI and associated coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Stolla
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Fangyi Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael R Meyer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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5
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Meyer MR, Kurz DJ, Radovanovic D, Pedrazzini G, Roffi M, Rosemann T, Eberli FR. P5564Differences in presentation and clinical outcomes between patients with acute myocardial infarction and right or left bundle branch block. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M R Meyer
- Triemli Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D J Kurz
- Triemli Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Radovanovic
- University of Zurich, AMIS Plus Data Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Pedrazzini
- Cardiocentro Ticino, Department of Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - M Roffi
- Geneva University Hospitals, Division of Cardiology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Rosemann
- University of Zurich, Institute of Primary Care, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F R Eberli
- Triemli Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Blank A, Eidam A, Haag M, Hohmann N, Burhenne J, Schwab M, van de Graaf SFJ, Meyer MR, Maurer HH, Meier K, Weiss J, Bruckner T, Alexandrov A, Urban S, Mikus G, Haefeli WE. The NTCP-inhibitor Myrcludex B: Effects on Bile Acid Disposition and Tenofovir Pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:341-348. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Blank
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Heidelberg Partner Site; Heidelberg Germany
| | - A Eidam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Heidelberg Partner Site; Heidelberg Germany
| | - M Haag
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; University of Tübingen; Stuttgart Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Tübingen Partner Site; Tübingen Germany
| | - N Hohmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Heidelberg Partner Site; Heidelberg Germany
| | - J Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Heidelberg Partner Site; Heidelberg Germany
| | - M Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; University of Tübingen; Stuttgart Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Tübingen Partner Site; Tübingen Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; University Hospital Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - SFJ van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research & Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - MR Meyer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Toxicology; Saarland University; Homburg Germany
| | - HH Maurer
- Experimental and Clinical Toxicology; Saarland University; Homburg Germany
| | - K Meier
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Heidelberg Partner Site; Heidelberg Germany
| | - J Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Heidelberg Partner Site; Heidelberg Germany
| | - T Bruckner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics and Medical Informatics; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - S Urban
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Heidelberg Partner Site; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - G Mikus
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Heidelberg Partner Site; Heidelberg Germany
| | - WE Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Heidelberg Partner Site; Heidelberg Germany
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7
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Abstract
In premenopausal women, endogenous estrogens are associated with reduced prevalence of arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Clinical trials conducted in the 1990s such as HERS, WHI, and WISDOM have shown that postmenopausal treatment with horse hormone mixtures (so-called conjugated equine estrogens) and synthetic progestins adversely affects female cardiovascular health. Our understanding of rapid (nongenomic) and chronic (genomic) estrogen signaling has since advanced considerably, including identification of a new G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), which like the "classical" receptors ERα and ERβ is highly abundant in the cardiovascular system. Here, we discuss the role of estrogen receptors in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and review natural and synthetic ligands of estrogen receptors as well as their effects in physiology, on cardiovascular risk factors, and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Data from preclinical and clinical studies using nonselective compounds activating GPER, which include selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen or raloxifene, selective estrogen receptor downregulators such as Faslodex™ (fulvestrant/ICI 182,780), vitamin B3 (niacin), green tea catechins, and soy flavonoids such as genistein or resveratrol, strongly suggest that activation of GPER may afford therapeutic benefit for primary and secondary prevention in patients with or at risk for coronary artery disease. Evidence from preclinical studies suggest similar efficacy profiles for selective small molecule GPER agonists such as G-1 which are devoid of uterotrophic activity. Further clinical research in this area is warranted to provide opportunities for future cardiovascular drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Meyer
- Triemli City Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - M Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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8
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Boccaletti A, Thalmann C, Lagrange AM, Janson M, Augereau JC, Schneider G, Milli J, Grady C, Debes J, Langlois M, Mouillet D, Henning T, Dominik C, Maire AL, Beuzit JL, Carson J, Dohlen K, Engler N, Feldt M, Fusco T, Ginski C, Girard JH, Hines D, Kasper M, Mawet D, Ménard F, Meyer MR, Moutou C, Olofsson J, Rodigas T, Sauvage JF, Schlieder J, Schmid HM, Turatto M, Udry S, Vakili F, Vigan A, Wahhaj Z, Wisniewski J. Fast-moving features in the debris disk around AU Microscopii. Nature 2016; 526:230-2. [PMID: 26450055 DOI: 10.1038/nature15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the 1980s, excess infrared emission was discovered around main-sequence stars; subsequent direct-imaging observations revealed orbiting disks of cold dust to be the source. These 'debris disks' were thought to be by-products of planet formation because they often exhibited morphological and brightness asymmetries that may result from gravitational perturbation by planets. This was proved to be true for the β Pictoris system, in which the known planet generates an observable warp in the disk. The nearby, young, unusually active late-type star AU Microscopii hosts a well-studied edge-on debris disk; earlier observations in the visible and near-infrared found asymmetric localized structures in the form of intensity variations along the midplane of the disk beyond a distance of 20 astronomical units. Here we report high-contrast imaging that reveals a series of five large-scale features in the southeast side of the disk, at projected separations of 10-60 astronomical units, persisting over intervals of 1-4 years. All these features appear to move away from the star at projected speeds of 4-10 kilometres per second, suggesting highly eccentric or unbound trajectories if they are associated with physical entities. The origin, localization, morphology and rapid evolution of these features are difficult to reconcile with current theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Boccaletti
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - Christian Thalmann
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Astronomy, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Lagrange
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Markus Janson
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Charles Augereau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Glenn Schneider
- Steward Observatory, 933 North Cherry Avenue, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Julien Milli
- CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol Grady
- Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer, Suite 100, Oakland, California 96002, USA
| | - John Debes
- Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Maud Langlois
- Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, (CNRS/ENS-L/Université Lyon 1), 9 avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint-Genis-Laval, France.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
| | - David Mouillet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Henning
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Dominik
- University of Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Lise Maire
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Jean-Luc Beuzit
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joseph Carson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, South Carolina, 29424, USA
| | - Kjetil Dohlen
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
| | - Natalia Engler
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Astronomy, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Feldt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thierry Fusco
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France.,ONERA-The French Aerospace Laboratory, 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Christian Ginski
- Sterrewacht Leiden, PO Box 9513, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julien H Girard
- CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dean Hines
- Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Markus Kasper
- CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Dimitri Mawet
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 249-17, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - François Ménard
- UMI-FCA, CNRS/INSU France (UMI 3386), and Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Correo Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael R Meyer
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Astronomy, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Moutou
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy Rodigas
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington DC 20015, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Sauvage
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France.,ONERA-The French Aerospace Laboratory, 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Joshua Schlieder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - Hans Martin Schmid
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Astronomy, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Turatto
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Stephane Udry
- Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, 51 Chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Farrokh Vakili
- Laboratoire J.-L. Lagrange, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis (UNS), CNRS, Campus Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Arthur Vigan
- European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
| | - Zahed Wahhaj
- European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
| | - John Wisniewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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9
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Quanz SP, Amara A, Meyer MR, Girard JH, Kenworthy MA, Kasper M. CONFIRMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROTOPLANET HD 100546 b—DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR GAS GIANT PLANET FORMATION AT 50 AU. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/807/1/64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Reggiani M, Quanz SP, Meyer MR, Pueyo L, Absil O, Amara A, Anglada G, Avenhaus H, Girard JH, Gonzalez CC, Graham J, Mawet D, Meru F, Milli J, Osorio M, Wolff S, Torrelles JM. DISCOVERY OF A COMPANION CANDIDATE IN THE HD 169142 TRANSITION DISK AND THE POSSIBILITY OF MULTIPLE PLANET FORMATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/l23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of coronary artery disease through insulin resistance, diabetes, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide and is particularly high among middle-aged women and men. After menopause, women are at an increased risk to develop visceral obesity due to the loss of endogenous ovarian hormone production. Effects of oestrogens are classically mediated by the two nuclear oestrogen receptors (ERs) α and β. In addition, more recent research has shown that the intracellular transmembrane G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) originally designated as GPR30 also mediates some of the actions attributed to oestrogens. Oestrogen and its receptors are important regulators of body weight and insulin sensitivity not only in women but also in men as demonstrated by ER mutations in rodents and humans. This article reviews the role of sex hormones and ERs in the context of obesity, insulin sensitivity and diabetes as well as the related clinical issues in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Meyer
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Garshnek V, Burgess L, Peters DB, Aschwanden C, Horne D, Burgess B, Clyde R, Meyer MR. Mass medication distribution for disease outbreak: comparison of personal digital assistant and paper-based decision support. IJHTM 2009. [DOI: 10.1504/ijhtm.2009.030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Meyer MR, Rüegger-Frey B, Nikolic N, Bopp-Kistler I. [Severe behavioral disorder caused by an organic disease]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2008; 97:1137-1141. [PMID: 18951354 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157.97.21.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A 65-year-old architect was admitted to our Memory Clinic because of rapidly progressive dementia accompanied by behavioral disorders, which severely restricted his functional independence. The physical examination revealed several focal neurological signs, and neuroimaging confirmed a cerebellar hemorrhage, multiple microbleeds and an ischemic lacunar infarct. Executive functioning was highly impaired. This case report illustrates cerebral amyloid angiopathy as an important entity of vascular dementia and highlights the importance of neuroimaging in patients with suspected vascular cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Meyer
- Klinik für Akutgeriatrie, Stadtspital Waid, Zürich
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14
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Morris MD, Meyer MR, Painchaud G, Marlowe J, Tokiwa GY, Fare TL. Improved high-throughput ultrafiltration process enables cRNA purification for gene expression profiling. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2008; 6:421-32. [PMID: 18532901 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2007.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafiltration of nucleic acids has been used for a wide variety of applications, including sequence reaction purification and amplicon cleanup prior to spotting onto microarrays. Here we describe a novel process, using ultrafiltration, that purifies cRNA products for sensitive downstream applications. Initial attempts at this high-throughput purification for cRNA resulted in low sensitivity when compared against an industry standard (silica-based bind, wash, and elute purification). We modified the ultrafiltration process to include a proteinase K preincubation and a phosphate buffer wash that, when combined, increased sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio in microarray applications. The protocol that we have developed eliminates the use of chaotropic salts (such as guanidinium thiocyanate) that are typically used in silica binding purification methods. The data demonstrate good performance for sensitive RNA applications using well-defined metrics, and thus the technique might be useful for a broader range of nucleic acid purifications.
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15
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Fare TL, Coffey EM, Dai H, He YD, Kessler DA, Kilian KA, Koch JE, LeProust E, Marton MJ, Meyer MR, Stoughton RB, Tokiwa GY, Wang Y. Effects of atmospheric ozone on microarray data quality. Anal Chem 2004; 75:4672-5. [PMID: 14632079 DOI: 10.1021/ac034241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A data anomaly was observed that affected the uniformity and reproducibility of fluorescent signal across DNA microarrays. Results from experimental sets designed to identify potential causes (from microarray production to array scanning) indicated that the anomaly was linked to a batch process; further work allowed us to localize the effect to the posthybridization array stringency washes. Ozone levels were monitored and highly correlated with the batch effect. Controlled exposures of microarrays to ozone confirmed this factor as the root cause, and we present data that show susceptibility of a class of cyanine dyes (e.g., Cy5, Alexa 647) to ozone levels as low as 5-10 ppb for periods as short as 10-30 s. Other cyanine dyes (e.g., Cy3, Alexa 555) were not significantly affected until higher ozone levels (> 100 ppb). To address this environmental effect, laboratory ozone levels should be kept below 2 ppb (e.g., with filters in HVAC) to achieve high quality microarray data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Fare
- Rosetta Inpharmatics LLC, 12040 115th Avenue NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
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16
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Castle J, Garrett-Engele P, Armour CD, Duenwald SJ, Loerch PM, Meyer MR, Schadt EE, Stoughton R, Parrish ML, Shoemaker DD, Johnson JM. Optimization of oligonucleotide arrays and RNA amplification protocols for analysis of transcript structure and alternative splicing. Genome Biol 2003; 4:R66. [PMID: 14519201 PMCID: PMC328455 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2003-4-10-r66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2003] [Revised: 07/25/2003] [Accepted: 08/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, unbiased amplification protocol has been developed that permits labeling of entire transcripts. Also, hybridization conditions, probe characteristics, and analysis algorithms were optimized for detection of exons, exon-intron edges, and exon junctions. Microarrays offer a high-resolution means for monitoring pre-mRNA splicing on a genomic scale. We have developed a novel, unbiased amplification protocol that permits labeling of entire transcripts. Also, hybridization conditions, probe characteristics, and analysis algorithms were optimized for detection of exons, exon-intron edges, and exon junctions. These optimized protocols can be used to detect small variations and isoform mixtures, map the tissue specificity of known human alternative isoforms, and provide a robust, scalable platform for high-throughput discovery of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Castle
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
| | - Phil Garrett-Engele
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
| | - Christopher D Armour
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
| | - Sven J Duenwald
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
| | - Patrick M Loerch
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
| | - Michael R Meyer
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
| | - Roland Stoughton
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
| | - Mark L Parrish
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
| | - Daniel D Shoemaker
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
| | - Jason M Johnson
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co. Inc., 12040 115th Ave NE, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
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17
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Bangur CS, Switzer A, Fan L, Marton MJ, Meyer MR, Wang T. Identification of genes over-expressed in small cell lung carcinoma using suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray expression analysis. Oncogene 2002; 21:3814-25. [PMID: 12032850 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2002] [Revised: 03/06/2002] [Accepted: 03/18/2002] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To identify genes that are differentially over-expressed in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) we have used a combination of suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray to analyse the expression profiles of 2400 cDNAs clones. Genes that are over-expressed in SCLC were identified using 32 pairs of fluorescence-labeled cDNA samples representing various lung tumors and normal tissues. This comprehensive approach has resulted in the identification of 209 genes that are differentially over-expressed in SCLC. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to further validate the expression of 43 genes in SCLC tumors and various normal tissues. Discussed in this report are nine genes, which showed the most promising SCLC tumor to normal tissue differential expression profiles, including seven known and two novel genes. The large number of differentially expressed genes identified from this analysis and the characterization of these genes will provide valuable information in better understanding the biology of SCLC and help us in developing these gene products as potential targets for diagnostic as well as therapeutic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya S Bangur
- Tumor Antigen Discovery, Corixa Corporation, 1124 Columbia Street, Seattle, Washington WA 98104, USA.
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18
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Natarajan K, Meyer MR, Jackson BM, Slade D, Roberts C, Hinnebusch AG, Marton MJ. Transcriptional profiling shows that Gcn4p is a master regulator of gene expression during amino acid starvation in yeast. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:4347-4368. [PMID: 11390663 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.13.4347-4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Starvation for amino acids induces Gcn4p, a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In an effort to identify all genes regulated by Gcn4p during amino acid starvation, we performed cDNA microarray analysis. Data from 21 pairs of hybridization experiments using two different strains derived from S288c revealed that more than 1,000 genes were induced, and a similar number were repressed, by a factor of 2 or more in response to histidine starvation imposed by 3-aminotriazole (3AT). Profiling of a gcn4Delta strain and a constitutively induced mutant showed that Gcn4p is required for the full induction by 3AT of at least 539 genes, termed Gcn4p targets. Genes in every amino acid biosynthetic pathway except cysteine and genes encoding amino acid precursors, vitamin biosynthetic enzymes, peroxisomal components, mitochondrial carrier proteins, and autophagy proteins were all identified as Gcn4p targets. Unexpectedly, genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis represent only a quarter of the Gcn4p target genes. Gcn4p also activates genes involved in glycogen homeostasis, and mutant analysis showed that Gcn4p suppresses glycogen levels in amino acid-starved cells. Numerous genes encoding protein kinases and transcription factors were identified as targets, suggesting that Gcn4p is a master regulator of gene expression. Interestingly, expression profiles for 3AT and the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) overlapped extensively, and MMS induced GCN4 translation. Thus, the broad transcriptional response evoked by Gcn4p is produced by diverse stress conditions. Finally, profiling of a gcn4Delta mutant uncovered an alternative induction pathway operating at many Gcn4p target genes in histidine-starved cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Natarajan
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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19
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Natarajan K, Meyer MR, Jackson BM, Slade D, Roberts C, Hinnebusch AG, Marton MJ. Transcriptional profiling shows that Gcn4p is a master regulator of gene expression during amino acid starvation in yeast. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:4347-68. [PMID: 11390663 PMCID: PMC87095 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.13.4347-4368.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2001] [Accepted: 04/03/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Starvation for amino acids induces Gcn4p, a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In an effort to identify all genes regulated by Gcn4p during amino acid starvation, we performed cDNA microarray analysis. Data from 21 pairs of hybridization experiments using two different strains derived from S288c revealed that more than 1,000 genes were induced, and a similar number were repressed, by a factor of 2 or more in response to histidine starvation imposed by 3-aminotriazole (3AT). Profiling of a gcn4Delta strain and a constitutively induced mutant showed that Gcn4p is required for the full induction by 3AT of at least 539 genes, termed Gcn4p targets. Genes in every amino acid biosynthetic pathway except cysteine and genes encoding amino acid precursors, vitamin biosynthetic enzymes, peroxisomal components, mitochondrial carrier proteins, and autophagy proteins were all identified as Gcn4p targets. Unexpectedly, genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis represent only a quarter of the Gcn4p target genes. Gcn4p also activates genes involved in glycogen homeostasis, and mutant analysis showed that Gcn4p suppresses glycogen levels in amino acid-starved cells. Numerous genes encoding protein kinases and transcription factors were identified as targets, suggesting that Gcn4p is a master regulator of gene expression. Interestingly, expression profiles for 3AT and the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) overlapped extensively, and MMS induced GCN4 translation. Thus, the broad transcriptional response evoked by Gcn4p is produced by diverse stress conditions. Finally, profiling of a gcn4Delta mutant uncovered an alternative induction pathway operating at many Gcn4p target genes in histidine-starved cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Natarajan
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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20
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Hughes TR, Mao M, Jones AR, Burchard J, Marton MJ, Shannon KW, Lefkowitz SM, Ziman M, Schelter JM, Meyer MR, Kobayashi S, Davis C, Dai H, He YD, Stephaniants SB, Cavet G, Walker WL, West A, Coffey E, Shoemaker DD, Stoughton R, Blanchard AP, Friend SH, Linsley PS. Expression profiling using microarrays fabricated by an ink-jet oligonucleotide synthesizer. Nat Biotechnol 2001; 19:342-7. [PMID: 11283592 DOI: 10.1038/86730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 829] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe a flexible system for gene expression profiling using arrays of tens of thousands of oligonucleotides synthesized in situ by an ink-jet printing method employing standard phosphoramidite chemistry. We have characterized the dependence of hybridization specificity and sensitivity on parameters including oligonucleotide length, hybridization stringency, sequence identity, sample abundance, and sample preparation method. We find that 60-mer oligonucleotides reliably detect transcript ratios at one copy per cell in complex biological samples, and that ink-jet arrays are compatible with several different sample amplification and labeling techniques. Furthermore, results using only a single carefully selected oligonucleotide per gene correlate closely with those obtained using complementary DNA (cDNA) arrays. Most of the genes for which measurements differ are members of gene families that can only be distinguished by oligonucleotides. Because different oligonucleotide sequences can be specified for each array, we anticipate that ink-jet oligonucleotide array technology will be useful in a wide variety of DNA microarray applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Hughes
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Inc., 12040 115th Avenue NE, Kirkland, WA 98034, USA
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21
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Shoemaker DD, Schadt EE, Armour CD, He YD, Garrett-Engele P, McDonagh PD, Loerch PM, Leonardson A, Lum PY, Cavet G, Wu LF, Altschuler SJ, Edwards S, King J, Tsang JS, Schimmack G, Schelter JM, Koch J, Ziman M, Marton MJ, Li B, Cundiff P, Ward T, Castle J, Krolewski M, Meyer MR, Mao M, Burchard J, Kidd MJ, Dai H, Phillips JW, Linsley PS, Stoughton R, Scherer S, Boguski MS. Experimental annotation of the human genome using microarray technology. Nature 2001; 409:922-7. [PMID: 11237012 DOI: 10.1038/35057141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The most important product of the sequencing of a genome is a complete, accurate catalogue of genes and their products, primarily messenger RNA transcripts and their cognate proteins. Such a catalogue cannot be constructed by computational annotation alone; it requires experimental validation on a genome scale. Using 'exon' and 'tiling' arrays fabricated by ink-jet oligonucleotide synthesis, we devised an experimental approach to validate and refine computational gene predictions and define full-length transcripts on the basis of co-regulated expression of their exons. These methods can provide more accurate gene numbers and allow the detection of mRNA splice variants and identification of the tissue- and disease-specific conditions under which genes are expressed. We apply our technique to chromosome 22q under 69 experimental condition pairs, and to the entire human genome under two experimental conditions. We discuss implications for more comprehensive, consistent and reliable genome annotation, more efficient, full-length complementary DNA cloning strategies and application to complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Shoemaker
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Inc., Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
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22
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Jordan PM, Meyer MR, Puri A. Causal implications of viscous damping in compressible fluid flows. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:7918-7926. [PMID: 11138075 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.7918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/1999] [Revised: 04/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Classically, a compressible, isothermal, viscous fluid is regarded as a mathematical continuum and its motion is governed by the linearized continuity, Navier-Stokes, and state equations. Unfortunately, solutions of this system are of a diffusive nature and hence do not satisfy causality. However, in the case of a half-space of fluid set to motion by a harmonically vibrating plate the classical equation of motion can, under suitable conditions, be approximated by the damped wave equation. Since this equation is hyperbolic, the resulting solutions satisfy causal requirements. In this work the Laplace transform and other analytical and numerical tools are used to investigate this apparent contradiction. To this end the exact solutions, as well as their special and limiting cases, are found and compared for the two models. The effects of the physical parameters on the solutions and associated quantities are also studied. It is shown that propagating wave fronts are only possible under the hyperbolic model and that the concept of phase speed has different meanings in the two formulations. In addition, discontinuities and shock waves are noted and a physical system is modeled under both formulations. Overall, it is shown that the hyperbolic form gives a more realistic description of the physical problem than does the classical theory. Lastly, a simple mechanical analog is given and connections to viscoelastic fluids are noted. In particular, the research presented here supports the notion that linear compressible, isothermal, viscous fluids can, at least in terms of causality, be better characterized as a type of viscoelastic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- PM Jordan
- Code 7181, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, USA
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23
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Meyer MR, Angele A, Kremmer E, Kaupp UB, Muller F. A cGMP-signaling pathway in a subset of olfactory sensory neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:10595-600. [PMID: 10984544 PMCID: PMC27070 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.19.10595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that signal transduction in sensory neurons of the rat olfactory epithelium involves a cAMP-signaling pathway. However, a small number of olfactory neurons specifically express cGMP-signaling components, namely a guanylyl cyclase (GC-D) and a cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2). Here, we show that this subset of olfactory neurons expressing GC-D and PDE2 does also express the subunit of a cGMP-selective cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel that has been previously identified in cone photoreceptors. Further, components of the prototypical cAMP-signaling pathway could not be detected in this subpopulation of cells. These results imply that these neurons use an alternative signaling pathway, with cGMP as the intracellular messenger, and that, in these cells, the receptor current is initiated by the opening of cGMP-gated channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Meyer
- Institut für Biologische Informationsverarbeitung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is characterised by blood in the airways after strenuous exercise and results from stress failure of the pulmonary capillaries. The purpose of this experiment was to establish a threshold value of transmural pulmonary arterial pressure at which haemorrhage occurs in the exercising horse. Five geldings, age 4-14 years, were run in random order once every 2 weeks at 1 of 4 speeds (9, 11, 13, 15 m/s); one day with no run was used as a control. Heart rate, pulmonary arterial pressure and oesophageal pressure were recorded for the duration of the run. Transmural pulmonary arterial pressure was estimated by electronic subtraction of the oesophageal pressure from the intravascular pulmonary arterial pressure. Within 1 h of the run, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and the red and white blood cells in the fluid were quantified. Red cell counts in the lavage fluid from horses running at 9, 11 and 13 m/s were not significantly different from the control value, but after runs at 15 m/s, red cell counts were significantly (P<0.05) higher. White cell counts were not different from control values at any speed. Analysis of red cell count vs. transmural pulmonary arterial pressure indicated that haemorrhage occurs at approximately 95 mmHg. Red cell lysis in the lavage fluid was also apparent at transmural pulmonary arterial pressures above 90 mmHg. We conclude that, in the exercising horse, a pulmonary arterial pressure threshold exists above which haemorrhage occurs, and that pressure is often exceeded during high speed sprint exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Langsetmo
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-5602, USA
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25
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Hughes TR, Marton MJ, Jones AR, Roberts CJ, Stoughton R, Armour CD, Bennett HA, Coffey E, Dai H, He YD, Kidd MJ, King AM, Meyer MR, Slade D, Lum PY, Stepaniants SB, Shoemaker DD, Gachotte D, Chakraburtty K, Simon J, Bard M, Friend SH. Functional discovery via a compendium of expression profiles. Cell 2000; 102:109-26. [PMID: 10929718 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1623] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ascertaining the impact of uncharacterized perturbations on the cell is a fundamental problem in biology. Here, we describe how a single assay can be used to monitor hundreds of different cellular functions simultaneously. We constructed a reference database or "compendium" of expression profiles corresponding to 300 diverse mutations and chemical treatments in S. cerevisiae, and we show that the cellular pathways affected can be determined by pattern matching, even among very subtle profiles. The utility of this approach is validated by examining profiles caused by deletions of uncharacterized genes: we identify and experimentally confirm that eight uncharacterized open reading frames encode proteins required for sterol metabolism, cell wall function, mitochondrial respiration, or protein synthesis. We also show that the compendium can be used to characterize pharmacological perturbations by identifying a novel target of the commonly used drug dyclonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Hughes
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Inc., Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
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Hughes TR, Roberts CJ, Dai H, Jones AR, Meyer MR, Slade D, Burchard J, Dow S, Ward TR, Kidd MJ, Friend SH, Marton MJ. Widespread aneuploidy revealed by DNA microarray expression profiling. Nat Genet 2000; 25:333-7. [PMID: 10888885 DOI: 10.1038/77116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Expression profiling using DNA microarrays holds great promise for a variety of research applications, including the systematic characterization of genes discovered by sequencing projects. To demonstrate the general usefulness of this approach, we recently obtained expression profiles for nearly 300 Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants. Approximately 8% of the mutants profiled exhibited chromosome-wide expression biases, leading to spurious correlations among profiles. Competitive hybridization of genomic DNA from the mutant strains and their isogenic parental wild-type strains showed they were aneuploid for whole chromosomes or chromosomal segments. Expression profile data published by several other laboratories also suggest the use of aneuploid strains. In five separate cases, the extra chromosome harboured a close homologue of the deleted gene; in two cases, a clear growth advantage for cells acquiring the extra chromosome was demonstrated. Our results have implications for interpreting whole-genome expression data, particularly from cells known to suffer genomic instability, such as malignant or immortalized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Hughes
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Inc., Kirkland, Washington, USA
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Anthony JC, Breitner JC, Zandi PP, Meyer MR, Jurasova I, Norton MC, Stone SV. Reduced prevalence of AD in users of NSAIDs and H2 receptor antagonists: the Cache County study. Neurology 2000; 54:2066-71. [PMID: 10851364 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.54.11.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are associated with a decreased risk of AD in late life. BACKGROUND Sustained use of non-aspirin NSAIDs has been repeatedly associated with a reduced occurrence of AD. Similar effects with aspirin have been weaker. One prior study showed a strong association between use of H2RAs and reduced AD prevalence. METHODS In a population study of AD in Cache County, UT, we used a sequenced plan of sampling and case ascertainment to identify 201 cases of AD and 4425 participants with no indication of cognitive impairment. Independently, an interview and medicine chest inventory assessed use of several medicines including aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs, H2RAs, and three classes of "control" drugs not thought to be associated with AD. Follow-up questioning probed possible indications for use of these drugs. RESULTS Compared with cognitively intact individuals, the AD cases had significantly less reported current use of NSAIDs, aspirin, and H2RAs. Stronger associations appeared when subjects reported use of both NSAIDs and aspirin (no H2RAs), two different NSAIDs (no H2RAs), or two different H2RAs (with neither aspirin nor NSAIDs). There was little or no such association with use of the control medicines. Adjustment for usage indication did not influence these findings, and there was no appreciable variation with number of APOE epsilon4 alleles. CONCLUSIONS As predicted, use of NSAIDs and aspirin were specifically associated with reduced occurrence of AD. Notably, a previous observation of an inverse association of AD and use of H2RAs was also affirmed. Definitive evidence for a preventive action of these agents will require randomized prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Anthony
- Department of Mental Hygiene, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Roberts CJ, Nelson B, Marton MJ, Stoughton R, Meyer MR, Bennett HA, He YD, Dai H, Walker WL, Hughes TR, Tyers M, Boone C, Friend SH. Signaling and circuitry of multiple MAPK pathways revealed by a matrix of global gene expression profiles. Science 2000; 287:873-80. [PMID: 10657304 DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5454.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide transcript profiling was used to monitor signal transduction during yeast pheromone response. Genetic manipulations allowed analysis of changes in gene expression underlying pheromone signaling, cell cycle control, and polarized morphogenesis. A two-dimensional hierarchical clustered matrix, covering 383 of the most highly regulated genes, was constructed from 46 diverse experimental conditions. Diagnostic subsets of coexpressed genes reflected signaling activity, cross talk, and overlap of multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Analysis of the profiles specified by two different MAPKs-Fus3p and Kss1p-revealed functional overlap of the filamentous growth and mating responses. Global transcript analysis reflects biological responses associated with the activation and perturbation of signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Roberts
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, 12040 115th Avenue Northeast, Kirkland, WA 98034, USA
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Magie CR, Meyer MR, Gorsuch MS, Parkhurst SM. Mutations in the Rho1 small GTPase disrupt morphogenesis and segmentation during early Drosophila development. Development 1999; 126:5353-64. [PMID: 10556060 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.23.5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases play an important role in diverse biological processes such as actin cytoskeleton organization, gene transcription, cell cycle progression and adhesion. They are required during early Drosophila development for proper execution of morphogenetic movements of individual cells and groups of cells important for the formation of the embryonic body plan. We isolated loss-of-function mutations in the Drosophila Rho1 (Rho1) gene during a genetic screen for maternal-effect mutations, allowing us to investigate the specific roles Rho1 plays in the context of the developing organism. Here we report that Rho1 is required for many early events: loss of Rho1 function results in both maternal and embryonic phenotypes. Embryos homozygous for the Rho1 mutation exhibit a characteristic zygotic phenotype, which includes severe defects in head involution and imperfect dorsal closure. Two phenotypes are associated with reduction of maternal Rho1 activity: the actin cytoskeleton is disrupted in egg chambers, especially in the ring canals and embryos display patterning defects as a result of improper maintenance of segmentation gene expression. Despite showing imperfect dorsal closure, Rho1 does not activate downstream genes or interact genetically with members of the JNK signaling pathway, used by its relatives dRac and dCdc42 for proper dorsal closure. Consistent with its roles in regulating actin cytoskeletal organization, we find that Rho1 interacts genetically and physically with the Drosophila formin homologue, cappuccino. We also show that Rho1 interacts both genetically and physically with concertina, a G(alpha) protein involved in cell shape changes during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Magie
- Division of Basic Sciences and Program in Developmental Biology, A1-162, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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30
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Breitner JC, Wyse BW, Anthony JC, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Steffens DC, Norton MC, Tschanz JT, Plassman BL, Meyer MR, Skoog I, Khachaturian A. APOE-epsilon4 count predicts age when prevalence of AD increases, then declines: the Cache County Study. Neurology 1999; 53:321-31. [PMID: 10430421 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.53.2.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias in relation to age, education, sex, and genotype at APOE. Recent studies suggest age heterogeneity in the risk of AD associated with the APOE genotype and a possible interaction between APOE-epsilon4 and female sex as risk factors. We studied these topics in the 5,677 elderly residents of Cache County, Utah, a population known for long life expectancy and high participation rates. METHODS We screened for dementia with a brief cognitive test and structured telephone Dementia Questionnaire, then examined all individuals with apparent cognitive symptoms and a sample of others. We estimated age-specific prevalence of AD and other dementias and used multiple logistic regression models to describe relation of AD prevalence to age, sex, education, and APOE genotype. RESULTS We found 335 demented individuals, 230 (69%) with definite, probable, or possible AD (positive predictive value versus autopsy confirmation 85%). The adjusted prevalence estimate for AD was 6.5% and for all dementias 9.6%. After age 90, the adjusted prevalence estimate for AD was 28% and for all dementias 38%. Regression models showed strong variation in AD prevalence with age, sex, education, and number of epsilon4 alleles (effect of epsilon2 not significant). Models were improved by a term for age-squared (negative coefficient) and by separate terms for interaction of age with presence of one or two epsilon4 alleles. An association of AD with female sex was ascribable entirely to individuals with epsilon4. CONCLUSIONS In participants with no epsilon4 alleles, the age-specific prevalence of AD reached a maximum and then declined after age 95. In epsilon4 heterozygotes a similar maximum was noted earlier at age 87, in homozygotes at age 73. Female sex was a risk factor for AD only in those with epsilon4. The epsilon4 allele accounted for 70% of the population attributable risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Breitner
- Department of Mental Hygiene, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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31
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Marton MJ, DeRisi JL, Bennett HA, Iyer VR, Meyer MR, Roberts CJ, Stoughton R, Burchard J, Slade D, Dai H, Bassett DE, Hartwell LH, Brown PO, Friend SH. Drug target validation and identification of secondary drug target effects using DNA microarrays. Nat Med 1998; 4:1293-301. [PMID: 9809554 DOI: 10.1038/3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a method for drug target validation and identification of secondary drug target effects based on genome-wide gene expression patterns. The method is demonstrated by several experiments, including treatment of yeast mutant strains defective in calcineurin, immunophilins or other genes with the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A or FK506. Presence or absence of the characteristic drug 'signature' pattern of altered gene expression in drug-treated cells with a mutation in the gene encoding a putative target established whether that target was required to generate the drug signature. Drug dependent effects were seen in 'targetless' cells, showing that FK506 affects additional pathways independent of calcineurin and the immunophilins. The described method permits the direct confirmation of drug targets and recognition of drug-dependent changes in gene expression that are modulated through pathways distinct from the drug's intended target. Such a method may prove useful in improving the efficiency of drug development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Marton
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, Kirkland, Washington 98034, USA
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32
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Meyer MR, Tschanz JT, Norton MC, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Steffens DC, Wyse BW, Breitner JC. APOE genotype predicts when--not whether--one is predisposed to develop Alzheimer disease. Nat Genet 1998; 19:321-2. [PMID: 9697689 DOI: 10.1038/1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Heinrich N, Meyer MR, Furkert J, Sasse A, Beyermann M, Bönigk W, Berger H. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) agonists stimulate testosterone production in mouse leydig cells through CRF receptor-1. Endocrinology 1998; 139:651-8. [PMID: 9449637 DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.2.5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of CRF on testosterone production in primary mouse Leydig cell cultures was studied, and the type of CRF receptor (CRF-R) involved in this activity was determined. CRF directly stimulated testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells, but did not influence the maximum human (h)CG-induced testosterone production. The effect was time- and dose-dependent, saturable with an EC50 of 2.84 nM for hCRF, antagonized by the CRF antagonist alpha-helical CRF9-41, and accompanied by intracellular cAMP elevation. The rank order of potency of the natural CRF agonists, hCRF, ovine CRF, sauvagine, and urotensin, corresponded to that of their activities on CRF-R1 in rat pituitary cells and also to that reported for this receptor, but not for CRF-R2, when transfected into various cell lines. Furthermore, the difference in response of mouse Leydig cells to [11-D-Thr,12-D-Phe]- and [13-D-His,14-D-Leu]-ovine CRF corresponded to that measured when COS cells expressing CRF-R1 were activated, but was considerably smaller than that observed for activation of COS cells expressing CRF-R2alpha or -R2beta. The messenger RNA encoding the mouse CRF-R1 was detected by RT-PCR in mouse Leydig cell preparations. In contrast to mouse Leydig cells, CRF agonists had no influence on the basal testosterone and cAMP production by rat Leydig cells, nor did the agonists or antagonist change the hCG-stimulated testosterone and cAMP production by these cells. It is concluded that mouse Leydig cells express CRF-R1, mediating elevation of testosterone production by CRF agonists through cAMP. Because potencies of CRF agonists in activating mouse Leydig cells were more than 10-fold lower compared with their potencies in stimulating rat pituitary cells, it is suggested that the coupling of the CRF-R1 to intracellular signaling in Leydig cells is different from that in corticotropic pituitary cells, at least in quantitative terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Heinrich
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
The occurrence of neurogenesis in mushroom bodies of adult insects belonging to several orthopteroid and coleopteran families is described. Using injections of 5-bromo, T2'-deoxyuridine, we showed that neuroblasts, which are progenitors of Kenyon cells during preimaginal instars, continue to divide in adult Acheta domesticus. Their progeny constitute a central column in mushroom body cortices of 3-week-old females. Other Gryllidae, Gryllus bimaculatus and Gryllomorpha dalmatina, show the same pattern of neuroblast activity and migration of their progeny. Immunocytochemical staining of glial cells failed to reveal any immunoreactivity, either in proliferating regions or in the resulting cells. In another orthopteran, Locusta migratoria, discrete clusters of cells, located dorsolateral to the Kenyon cells, incorporated 5-bromo, 2'-deoxyuridine, but we could not detect any neuronal progeny migrating to the mushroom body cortices. These cells were strongly labeled with an antiglial antibody, indicating that the replicating cells are glioblasts rather than neuroblasts. In Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera), cells replicating their DNA were similarly shown to immunoreact with glial antibodies. In contrast, three coleopterans (Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas species, Harmonia axyridis) have two large neuroblasts located in the middle of the mushroom body cortices. These produce cells which migrate within the group of Kenyon cells, their nuclei having the same shape and size as those of surrounding Kenyon cells. In adult insects, neurogenesis in mushroom bodies occurs in Gryllidae and several coleopteran families, but could not be demonstrated in Dictyoptera and Acrididae. Its occurrence and distribution raise the issue of unexpected plasticity in the adult insect brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cayre
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Marseille, France
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Meyer MR, Friedman RJ, Del Schutte H, Latour RA. Long-term durability of the interface in FRP composites after exposure to simulated physiologic saline environments. J Biomed Mater Res 1994; 28:1221-31. [PMID: 7829551 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820281012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fiber/matrix interfacial bond strength significantly influences the mechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Interfacial bond strength durability is therefore particularly important in the development of FRP composites for implant applications where diffused moisture may potentially weaken the material over time. In this study, the long-term durability of interfacial bonding in carbon fiber/380 grade polyetheretherketone (C/PEEK) and carbon fiber/polysulfone (C/PSF) composites was investigated after exposure to hygrothermal environments. A single fiber pull-out test was used to quantitatively determine the ultimate bond strength (UBS) of the samples following exposure. Samples were tested at three temperatures (37, 65, and 95 degrees C) for six time periods (0-5000 h) and in two environments (dry and physiologic saline-immersed). A mathematical model based on nth order chemical reaction kinetics was applied to describe the long-term durability of the interface. The results of this study indicate that interfacial bond strengths in C/PSF and C/PEEK (380 grade) composites are significantly decreased by exposure to physiologic saline and are functions of both time and temperature. For each material, the kinetics of degradation analysis predicts further bond strength losses following initial saturation, which then stabilizes at temperature-dependent equilibrium bond strength levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634
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Abstract
The distribution of a glial cell-associated glycoprotein, glionexin (GX), on sensory receptors of the adult cricket Acheta domesticus is described, using the monoclonal antibody 5B12 as an immunohistochemical probe. GX was previously shown to be widely distributed in the embryo and to persist in the postembryonic to adult central nervous system. Here we demonstrate that it is restricted in the adult periphery to three subclasses of mechano-receptor sensilla: large socketed hair mechanoreceptors, their associated campaniform sensilla, and chordotonal organs. GX was not detected in photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, or other mechanoreceptors. The pattern of distribution differs significantly within the three subclasses of mechanoreceptors. In the hair and campaniform receptors GX is restricted to the extracellular space among glial cells clustered around the axon hillock region, but in chordotonal organs it surrounds the scolopidium at the tip of dendrites. The highly restricted distribution of GX in the periphery suggests possible functions that include mechanical stability of the sensory apparatus and ionic homeostasis in the respective neuronal spike-generating regions. The developmental modulation of GX expression is taken to imply multiple functions for the molecule during the life of the insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Field
- Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Binzel RP, Xu S, Bus SJ, Skrutskie MF, Meyer MR, Knezek P, Barker ES. Discovery of a main-belt asteroid resembling ordinary chondrite meteorites. Science 1993; 262:1541-3. [PMID: 17829382 DOI: 10.1126/science.262.5139.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although ordinary chondrite material dominates meteorite falls, the identification of a main-belt asteroid source has remained elusive. From a new survey of more than 80 small main-belt asteroids comes the discovery of one having a visible and near-infrared reflectance spectrum similar to L6 and LL6 ordinary chondrite meteorites. Asteroid 3628 BoZnemcová has an estimated diameter of 7 kilometers and is located in the vicinity of the 3:1 Jovian resonance, a predicted meteorite source region. Although the discovery of a spectral match may indicate the existence of ordinary chondrite material within the main asteroid belt, the paucity of such detections remains an unresolved problem.
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Abstract
New York State's infant deaths and hospitalizations attributed to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn and other neonatal hemorrhagic conditions were reviewed. In 65% of 34 deaths reviewed, vitamin K was not documented as given or was given only after the onset of hemorrhage. Vitamin K was not included in standing orders in any of 22 hospitals contacted. As a result of this review, vitamin K prophylaxis was made a mandatory newborn care procedure in the State Public Health Code.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Tulchinsky
- School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany
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Wincek TJ, Meyer TK, Meyer MR, Kuehl TJ. Absence of a direct effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha on human sperm function and murine preimplantation development. Fertil Steril 1991; 56:332-9. [PMID: 1817469 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to test the in vitro effects of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) on sperm motility, fertilization, and preimplantation development. DESIGN A sensitive enzyme immunoassay was used to determine half-lives of rTNF and confirm concentrations of cytokine throughout experimental conditions. Effect of rTNF on human sperm survival was measured by computer-assisted methodology, and effect on human sperm penetration was assessed by hamster ova penetration. Cytokine effect on murine gamete interaction was determined by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Murine preimplantation development was assessed by in vitro development of cryopreserved-thawed one-cell zygotes. RESULTS The half-life of rTNF was reduced by the addition of sperm to culture media (P less than 0.001). Sperm motility (P = 0.245) and hamster ova penetration (P = 0.62) were not altered by incubations in the presence of concentrations of rTNF up to 10,000 U/mL. Mouse IVF (P = 0.60) and preimplantation development (P = 0.56) were not altered by rTNF in concentrations up to 5,000 U/mL. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate rTNF by itself does not interfere with gamete function or early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Wincek
- Scott and White Clinic, Texas A and M University College of Medicine, Temple
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40
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Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (MAb), 3G6, highly selective for neuropil glia in the CNS of the house cricket Acheta domesticus, also demonstrates remarkable selectivity for the nonneuronal crystalline cone cells of the compound eye. MAb 3G6 labels cone cells in eucone eyes throughout Insecta, from ancestral forms such as the bristle tail to the more recent honeybee; eucone structures are also recognized in Crustacea. Analogous nonneural structures found in pseudocone or acone eyes also express detectable 3G6 immunoreactivity. Immunoblot analysis demonstrates that MAb 3G6 binds to similar Mr85 kDa glycoproteins in the cricket CNS and retina, corresponding to the glial and crystalline cone forms of the antigen. Further, polypeptides of similar relative mass are also recognized in the eucone eye of the butterfly Pieris and the pseudocone eye of the fly Calliphora. The properties and function of glycoprotein 3G6 in the CNS and retina are yet to be explored. However, the finding that a unique antigen is highly conserved within the crystalline cone or analogous regions of the retina throughout the Arthropoda lends support at the molecular level to the notion that the arthropod compound eye has a monophyletic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Edwards
- Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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41
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Abstract
The expression of an insect (Acheta domesticus) adult glial cell-specific antigen, 5B12 undergoes major changes during development. The 5B12 antigen is detected as early as 20-25% of embryonic development, when immunoreactivity is distributed throughout the periphery, present at the luminal surface of epithelial cells which compose developing limb buds, sensory appendages, and the body cavity. The antigen is also localized on the cell surface of neural elements within commissural tracts in the embryonic CNS. 5B12 is secreted extracellularly in the periphery, where it is associated with the embryonic basal lamina in developing cercal sensory appendages. Luminal surface expression is transient, and disappears by 95% of embryonic development. As development proceeds, 5B12 distribution becomes more restricted, so that in the adult the antigen is predominantly associated with specific glial elements within the nervous system where it occurs as a specialized component of the extracellular matrix. The 5B12 antigen is also associated with discrete central and peripheral fiber tracts. Antigen 5B12 is present in whole embryos and in the adult CNS as a Mr 185-kDa glycoprotein. Distinct carbohydrate moieties with chondroitin sulfate-like properties are situated on the 5B12 epitope. Thus the glia-associated 5B12 macromolecule has the characteristics of a small proteoglycan. Based upon features of its distribution, pattern of spatiotemporal expression, and biochemical properties, it is speculated that 5B12 participates in events related sequentially to the development and the function of the insect nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Meyer
- Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Sweeney AM, Meyer MR, Aarons JH, Mills JL, LaPorte RE. Evaluation of methods for the prospective identification of early fetal losses in environmental epidemiology studies. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 127:843-50. [PMID: 3354549 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A major problem in the epidemiologic investigation of early fetal losses has been incomplete or biased ascertainment. In order to assess early fetal losses more accurately, one must first develop a simple method to identify early pregnancy. This study, conducted at the University of Pittsburgh from October 1985 through October 1986, has developed such a method through the use of monoclonal antibody urine pregnancy testing kits. A total of 88 volunteers collected urine samples beginning on the seventh postovulatory day and continued until either menses occurred or a serum radioimmunoassay pregnancy test was performed on day 16. If pregnancy was diagnosed, all of the participants' urine specimens from that menstrual cycle were analyzed by five monoclonal antibody tests. A total of 34 pregnancies were diagnosed, six (18%) of which resulted in early fetal losses. Pregnancy was first detectable between eight and 18 days postovulation. The mean time to the first positive test was 14 days for all five kits. The results indicate that it is possible to diagnose early pregnancy with urine testing and that this method is likely to prove acceptable for use in large-scale prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Sweeney
- Dept. of Epidemiology, U. of Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Johnson CJ, Bonrud PA, Dosch TL, Kilness AW, Senger KA, Busch DC, Meyer MR. Fatal outcome of methemoglobinemia in an infant. JAMA 1987; 257:2796-7. [PMID: 3573274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Meyer MR, Reddy GR, Edwards JS. Immunological probes reveal spatial and developmental diversity in insect neuroglia. J Neurosci 1987; 7:512-21. [PMID: 3546622 PMCID: PMC6568923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has been generated that recognizes distinct classes of neuroglia in the adult nervous system of the cricket Acheta domesticus corresponding to glial types distinguished by morphological criteria. These include antibodies that bind to the neuroglia of the ganglionic cortex, perineurium, neuropil, and glia associated with the glial lacunar system (interface) and fiber tracts. Another MAb specifically labels components of the neural lamella, a complex extracellular matrix secreted by underlying perineurial cells. Selected adult glial-specific MAbs recognize particular glial antigens expressed during embryonic development of Acheta. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen sections of late- (90-95%) and intermediate- (50-55%) stage whole embryos reveals that the spatial distribution, degree of tissue restriction, or level of expression of some glial determinants changes as development proceeds. Labeling of certain neuroblasts in the embryonic CNS at 50-55% development by an antibody (MAb 3G6) that binds to neuropil glia in the adult CNS implies that at least 1 class of insect glia may be generated by these cells.
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Meyer MR, Reddy GR, Edwards JS. Metabolic changes in deafferented central neurons of an insect, Acheta domesticus. II. Effects on cholinergic binding sites and acetylcholinesterase. J Neurosci 1986; 6:1676-84. [PMID: 3712003 PMCID: PMC6568731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the finding that cercal deafferentation of developing giant interneurons in the terminal abdominal ganglion (TG) of the cricket Acheta domesticus reduces TG protein metabolism within target interneuron dendrites and somata (Meyer and Edwards, 1982), it is now shown that deafferentation alters the turnover of three macromolecules associated with cholinergic transmission in the cercal sensory-giant interneuron pathway. The labeled specific ligands 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate and 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin were used to assay populations of putative TG muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors, respectively, in control and deafferented groups of ganglia. The AChE activity of TG was also determined by assay and histochemical methods. Long-term deafferentation sustained throughout postembryonic development markedly reduces the densities of both muscarinic and nicotinic binding sites in the TG; short-term deafferentation of adult TG also leads to characteristic alterations in the properties of all three cholinergic markers within several days. Rapid changes seen in adults thus correlate with ultrastructural data demonstrating loss of afferent terminals within hours of sensory appendage removal. We propose that peripheral innervation-dependent regulatory mechanisms operate in both the developing and adult insect nervous system. Such mechanisms may influence transsynaptically the synthesis and turnover of specific macromolecules, some of which may reside on the cell surface of insect central neurons that are part of the cercal sensory-giant interneuron system.
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Abstract
Cricket (Acheta domesticus) terminal abdominal ganglia (TG) contain high concentrations (approximately 2 pmol/mg protein) of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic binding sites, based on the capacity of TG to bind specifically the labelled ligands L-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) and [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin ([125I]alpha-BGT) with high affinity. For both ligands, binding is saturable and reversible. Competitive displacement experiments indicate that the [3H]QNB and [125I]alpha-BGT binding sites probably represent pharmacologically distinct classes of putative TG acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Results from physiological recording and autoradiographic localization experiments demonstrate that a portion of the putative nicotinic AChRs is localized in synaptic regions of the well-characterized cercal sensory-giant interneuron pathway in the TG, where they are likely to serve as functional synaptic AChRs. Unlike nicotinic ligands, muscarinic agents do not appear to be pharmacologically active in this pathway. Therefore, in the insect CNS, putative muscarinic and nicotinic AChRs coexist at high density, but can be pharmacologically distinguished from one another on the basis of criteria derived from both ligand binding and physiological methods.
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Vogt RL, Meyer MR, Klaucke DN. Ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis in Vermont. Public Health Rep 1983; 98:119-22. [PMID: 6856734 PMCID: PMC1424426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vermont birth certificates and hospital medical charts for 1979 were reviewed to determine whether infants born at home or in hospitals had documentation of prophylaxis against gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. Of the 139 home births recorded in 1979, 78 infants (54.0 percent) received no prophylaxis, compared with 97 (1.4 percent) of 7,156 infants born in hospitals (P less than 0.0001). Ophthalmic medications that have not been recommended for use for neonatal prophylaxis were being used in two hospitals in the State. A followup review of 7,668 Vermont birth certificates for 1980 indicated that hospital practices improved in that year, after the hospitals received a reminder on proper prophylactic procedures from the Vermont Department of Health.
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Meyer MR, Edwards JS. Metabolic changes in deafferented central neurons of an insect, Acheta domesticus. I. Effects upon amino acid uptake and incorporation. J Neurosci 1982; 2:1651-9. [PMID: 7143044 PMCID: PMC6564357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cercal deafferentation of the terminal ganglion in developing crickets (Acheta domesticus), which is known to suppress normal development of giant interneuron dendritic arborizations is shown here to reduce [3H]leucine uptake and incorporation into ganglion proteins. Short term deafferentation of adult crickets, in contrast, does not depress amino acid uptake and incorporation significantly. Following unilateral long term deafferentation of the terminal ganglion, a comparison was made of the [3H]leucine incorporation into primary dendritic processes and somata of deafferented and normally innervated medial giant interneurons (MGIs) within the same ganglion by means of quantitative autoradiography. Grain densities within dendrites of deafferented MGIs were significantly lower than in paired control MGIs' grain densities within somata of deafferented MGIs also were reduced, although the effects of deafferentation were less pronounced in somata than in target dendrites. These results imply a specific influence of afferent innervation on protein metabolism during growth and development of target postsynaptic elements.
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Meyer MR, Gainer MW, Nathanson NM. In vivo regulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in embryonic chick brain. Mol Pharmacol 1982; 21:280-6. [PMID: 7099136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged treatment of chick embryos in vivo with the muscarinic agonists oxotremorine or carbachol leads to dose- and time-dependent decreases in the number of brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) as measured by the specific binding of the potent muscarinic ligand L-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate to brain membranes. Maximal doses of agonists reduced the number of mAChR as much as 44%. Maximal loss of mAChR occurs 4 hr after treatment, but can be prevented or totally reversed within 24 hr by blockade of agonist-receptor interactions with muscarinic antagonists. After sustained in vivo oxotremorine treatment, brain mAChR show a decreased apparent affinity for agonists owing to a decrease in the affinities of both the high- and low-affinity agonist binding sites.
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Hein K, Cohen MI, Litt IF, Schonberg SK, Meyer MR, Marks A, Sheehy AJ. Juvenile detention: another boundary issue for physicians. Pediatrics 1980; 66:239-45. [PMID: 7402808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that there are 500,000 youngsters in detention in the United States per year. Detention facilities offer a unique environment in which adolescents at high risk for medical problems can be identified and treated. A health care program within the secure juvenile detention facility for New York is described in order to demonstrate how an academic medical center can effect improvement in the health status of underserved, incarcerated youth while meeting professional educational objectives for health trainees. Results of medical services are given for the past 11 years. Medical problems were diagnosed in 46% of the 47,288 adolescents examined. The conditions were grouped into those related to the legal status of the youngsters, socioeconomic background, and/or the institutional setting. The interrelationship of medical conditions with legal, ethical, and youth advocacy issues were demonstrated. The setting affords on opportunity to train primary care physicians with special emphasis on issues such as the nature of the doctor-patient relationship, confidentiality, and patient advocacy, while providing a necessary service to medically disadvantaged adolescents.
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