1
|
Ueguchi-Tanaka M. Gibberellin metabolism and signaling. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1093-1101. [PMID: 37403377 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones with a tetracyclic diterpenoid structure that are involved in various important developmental processes. Two GA-deficient mutants were isolated: a semidwarf mutant "sd1", which was found to have a defective GA20ox2 gene and was introduced to the world in a green revolution cultivar, and a severe dwarf allele of "d18", with a defective GA3ox2 gene. Based on the phenotypic similarity of d18, rice dwarf mutants were screened, further classifying them into GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive by applying exogenous GA3. Finally, GA-deficient rice mutants at 6 different loci and 3 GA signaling mutants (gid1, gid2, and slr1) were isolated. The GID1 gene encodes a GA nuclear receptor, and the GID1-DELLA (SLR1) system for GA perception is widely used in vascular plants. The structural characteristics of GID1 and GA metabolic enzymes have also been reviewed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kawai K, Takehara S, Kashio T, Morii M, Sugihara A, Yoshimura H, Ito A, Hattori M, Toda Y, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Furuumi H, Nonomura KI, Mikami B, Akagi T, Sakakibara H, Kitano H, Matsuoka M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M. Evolutionary alterations in gene expression and enzymatic activities of gibberellin 3-oxidase 1 in Oryza. Commun Biol 2022; 5:67. [PMID: 35046494 PMCID: PMC8770518 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper anther and pollen development are important for plant reproduction. The plant hormone gibberellin is important for anther development in rice, but its gametophytic functions remain largely unknown. Here, we report the functional and evolutionary analyses of rice gibberellin 3-oxidase 1 (OsGA3ox1), a gibberellin synthetic enzyme specifically expressed in the late developmental stages of anthers. Enzymatic and X-ray crystallography analyses reveal that OsGA3ox1 has a higher GA7 synthesis ratio than OsGA3ox2. In addition, we generate an osga3ox1 knockout mutant by genome editing and demonstrate the bioactive gibberellic acid synthesis by the OsGA3ox1 action during starch accumulation in pollen via invertase regulation. Furthermore, we analyze the evolution of Oryza GA3ox1s and reveal that their enzyme activity and gene expression have evolved in a way that is characteristic of the Oryza genus and contribute to their male reproduction ability. The authors solve the crystal structure of OsGA3ox2 and predict that of OsGA3ox1. These enzymes catalyze the final step in the biosynthesis of gibberellin, one of the plant hormones. Evolutionary analysis combined with the new structure reveal important aspects of the OsGA3ox1’s function in plant male reproduction.
Collapse
|
3
|
Morii M, Sugihara A, Takehara S, Kanno Y, Kawai K, Hobo T, Hattori M, Yoshimura H, Seo M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M. The Dual Function of OsSWEET3a as a Gibberellin and Glucose Transporter Is Important for Young Shoot Development in Rice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 61:1935-1945. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Translocation and long-distance transport of phytohormones are considered important processes for phytohormone responses, as well as their synthesis and signaling. Here, we report on the dual function of OsSWEET3a, a bidirectional sugar transporter from clade I of the rice SWEET family of proteins, as both a gibberellin (GA) and a glucose transporter. OsSWEET3a efficiently transports GAs in the C13-hydroxylation pathway of GA biosynthesis. Both knockout and overexpression lines of OsSWEET3a showed defects in germination and early shoot development, which were partially restored by GA, especially GA20. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR, GUS staining and in situ hybridization revealed that OsSWEET3a was expressed in vascular bundles in basal parts of the seedlings. OsSWEET3a expression was co-localized with OsGA20ox1 expression in the vascular bundles but not with OsGA3ox2, whose expression was restricted to leaf primordia and young leaves. These results suggest that OsSWEET3a is expressed in the vascular tissue of basal parts of seedlings and is involved in the transport of both GA20 and glucose to young leaves, where GA20 is possibly converted to the bioactive GA1 form by OsGA3ox2, during early plant development. We also indicated that such GA transport activities of SWEET proteins have sporadically appeared in the evolution of plants: GA transporters in Arabidopsis have evolved from sucrose transporters, while those in rice and sorghum have evolved from glucose transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minami Morii
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Akihiko Sugihara
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Sayaka Takehara
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kawai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tokunori Hobo
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masako Hattori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hisako Yoshimura
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kawai K, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. Future Strategy of Breeding: Learn by Two Important Genes of Miracle Rice. Mol Plant 2020; 13:823-824. [PMID: 32387736 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Kawai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang P, Yoshida H, Yano K, Kinoshita S, Kawai K, Koketsu E, Hattori M, Takehara S, Huang J, Hirano K, Ordonio RL, Matsuoka M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M. OsIDD2, a zinc finger and INDETERMINATE DOMAIN protein, regulates secondary cell wall formation. J Integr Plant Biol 2018; 60:130-143. [PMID: 28574161 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found 123 transcription factors (TFs) as candidate regulators of secondary cell wall (SCW) formation in rice by using phylogenetic and co-expression network analyses. Among them, we examined in this work the role of OsIDD2, a zinc finger and indeterminate domain (IDD) family TF. Its overexpressors showed dwarfism, fragile leaves, and decreased lignin content, which are typical phenotypes of plants defective in SCW formation, whereas its knockout plants showed slightly increased lignin content. The RNA-seq and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed that some lignin biosynthetic genes were downregulated in the OsIDD2-overexpressing plants, and revealed the same case for other genes involved in cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism. The transient expression assay using rice protoplasts revealed that OsIDD2 negatively regulates the transcription of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and 3 (CAD2 and 3), and sucrose metabolism, sucrose synthase 5 (SUS5), whereas an AlphaScreen assay, which can detect the interaction between TFs and their target DNA sequences, directly confirmed the interaction between OsIDD2 and the target sequences located in the promoter regions of CAD2 and CAD3. Based on these observations, we conclude that OsIDD2 is negatively involved in SCW formation and other biological events by downregulating its target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenji Yano
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kinoshita
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kawai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Eriko Koketsu
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masako Hattori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takehara
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ji Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ko Hirano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Reynante Lacsamana Ordonio
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Division, Philippine Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Science City of Munoz 3119, The Philippines
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ito S, Yamagami D, Umehara M, Hanada A, Yoshida S, Sasaki Y, Yajima S, Kyozuka J, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M, Shirasu K, Yamaguchi S, Asami T. Regulation of Strigolactone Biosynthesis by Gibberellin Signaling. Plant Physiol 2017; 174:1250-1259. [PMID: 28404726 PMCID: PMC5462043 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that regulate diverse physiological processes, including shoot branching and root development. They also act as rhizosphere signaling molecules to stimulate the germination of root parasitic weeds and the branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Although various types of cross talk between SLs and other hormones have been reported in physiological analyses, the cross talk between gibberellin (GA) and SLs is poorly understood. We screened for chemicals that regulate the level of SLs in rice (Oryza sativa) and identified GA as, to our knowledge, a novel SL-regulating molecule. The regulation of SL biosynthesis by GA is dependent on the GA receptor GID1 and F-box protein GID2. GA treatment also reduced the infection of rice plants by the parasitic plant witchers weed (Striga hermonthica). These data not only demonstrate, to our knowledge, the novel plant hormone cross talk between SL and GA, but also suggest that GA can be used to control parasitic weed infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Daichi Yamagami
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Mikihisa Umehara
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Atsushi Hanada
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Satoko Yoshida
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaki
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.)
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.)
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.)
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan (S.I., Y.S., Shu.Y.);
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (S.I., D.Y., T.A.);
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan (M.U.);
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (A.H., Shi.Y.);
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Sa.Y., K.S.);
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan (Sa.Y.);
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan (J.K.);
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (M.U.-T., M.M.);
- Japan Science and Technology Agency , Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan (T.A.); and
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hirano K, Yoshida H, Aya K, Kawamura M, Hayashi M, Hobo T, Sato-Izawa K, Kitano H, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. SMALL ORGAN SIZE 1 and SMALL ORGAN SIZE 2/DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING Form a Complex to Integrate Auxin and Brassinosteroid Signaling in Rice. Mol Plant 2017; 10:590-604. [PMID: 28069545 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although auxin and brassinosteroid (BR) synergistically control various plant responses, the molecular mechanism underlying the auxin-BR crosstalk is not well understood. We previously identified SMOS1, an auxin-regulated APETALA2-type transcription factor, as the causal gene of the small organ size 1 (smos1) mutant that is characterized by a decreased final size of various organs in rice. In this study, we identified another smos mutant, smos2, which shows the phenotype indistinguishable from smos1. SMOS2 was identical to the previously reported DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING (DLT), which encodes a GRAS protein involved in BR signaling. SMOS1 and SMOS2/DLT physically interact to cooperatively enhance transcriptional transactivation activity in yeast and in rice nuclei. Consistently, the expression of OsPHI-1, a direct target of SMOS1, is upregulated only when SMOS1 and SMOS2/DLT proteins are both present in rice cells. Taken together, our results suggest that SMOS1 and SMOS2/DLT form a keystone complex on auxin-BR signaling crosstalk in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Hirano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koichiro Aya
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kawamura
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tokunori Hobo
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kanna Sato-Izawa
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kitano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yano K, Aya K, Hirano K, Ordonio RL, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of rice aleurone cells: probing the existence of an alternative gibberellin receptor. Plant Physiol 2015; 167:531-44. [PMID: 25511432 PMCID: PMC4326742 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.247940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current gibberellin (GA) research indicates that GA must be perceived in plant nuclei by its cognate receptor, GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1). Recognition of GA by GID1 relieves the repression mediated by the DELLA protein, a model known as the GID1-DELLA GA perception system. There have been reports of potential GA-binding proteins in the plasma membrane that perceive GA and induce α-amylase expression in cereal aleurone cells, which is mechanistically different from the GID1-DELLA system. Therefore, we examined the expression of the rice (Oryza sativa) α-amylase genes in rice mutants impaired in the GA receptor (gid1) and the DELLA repressor (slender rice1; slr1) and confirmed their lack of response to GA in gid1 mutants and constitutive expression in slr1 mutants. We also examined the expression of GA-regulated genes by genome-wide microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses and confirmed that all GA-regulated genes are modulated by the GID1-DELLA system. Furthermore, we studied the regulatory network involved in GA signaling by using a set of mutants defective in genes involved in GA perception and gene expression, namely gid1, slr1, gid2 (a GA-related F-box protein mutant), and gamyb (a GA-related trans-acting factor mutant). Almost all GA up-regulated genes were regulated by the four named GA-signaling components. On the other hand, GA down-regulated genes showed different expression patterns with respect to GID2 and GAMYB (e.g. a considerable number of genes are not controlled by GAMYB or GID2 and GAMYB). Based on these observations, we present a comprehensive discussion of the intricate network of GA-regulated genes in rice aleurone cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koichiro Aya
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ko Hirano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | | | - Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tanaka J, Yano K, Aya K, Hirano K, Takehara S, Koketsu E, Ordonio RL, Park SH, Nakajima M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. Antheridiogen determines sex in ferns via a spatiotemporally split gibberellin synthesis pathway. Science 2014; 346:469-73. [PMID: 25342803 DOI: 10.1126/science.1259923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Some ferns possess the ability to control their sex ratio to maintain genetic variation in their colony with the aid of antheridiogen pheromones, antheridium (male organ)-inducing compounds that are related to gibberellin. We determined that ferns have evolved an antheridiogen-mediated communication system to produce males by modifying the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway, which is split between two individuals of different developmental stages in the colony. Antheridiogen acts as a bridge between them because it is more readily taken up by prothalli than bioactive gibberellin. The pathway initiates in early-maturing prothalli (gametophytes) within a colony, which produce antheridiogens and secrete them into the environment. After the secreted antheridiogen is absorbed by neighboring late-maturing prothalli, it is modified in to bioactive gibberellin to trigger male organ formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmu Tanaka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenji Yano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koichiro Aya
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ko Hirano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takehara
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Eriko Koketsu
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | - Seung-Hyun Park
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aya K, Hobo T, Sato-Izawa K, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. A novel AP2-type transcription factor, SMALL ORGAN SIZE1, controls organ size downstream of an auxin signaling pathway. Plant Cell Physiol 2014; 55:897-912. [PMID: 24486766 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The organ size of flowering plants is determined by two post-embryonic developmental events: cell proliferation and cell expansion. In this study, we identified a new rice loss-of-function mutant, small organ size1 (smos1), that decreases the final size of various organs due to decreased cell size and abnormal microtubule orientation. SMOS1 encodes an unusual APETALA2 (AP2)-type transcription factor with an imperfect AP2 domain, and its product belongs to the basal AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) lineage, including WRINKLED1 (WRI1) and ADAP. SMOS1 expression was induced by exogenous auxin treatment, and the auxin response element (AuxRE) of the SMOS1 promoter acts as a cis-motif through interaction with auxin response factor (ARF). Furthermore, a functional fluorophore-tagged SMOS1 was localized to the nucleus, supporting the role of SMOS1 as a transcriptional regulator for organ size control. Microarray analysis showed that the smos1 mutation represses expression of several genes involved in microtubule-based movement and DNA replication. Among the down-regulated genes, we demonstrated by gel-shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments that OsPHI-1, which is involved in cell expansion, is a target of SMOS1. SMOS1 homologs in early-diverged land plants partially rescued the smos1 phenotype of rice. We propose that SMOS1 acts as an auxin-dependent regulator for cell expansion during organ size control, and that its function is conserved among land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Aya
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sato T, Miyanoiri Y, Takeda M, Mitani R, Hirano K, Kainosho M, Matsuoka M, Kato H, Ueguchi-Tanaka M. Expression and Purification of a GRAS Domain of Rice GRAS Protein, SLR1, Suitable for Structural Analysis. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
12
|
Yoshida H, Ueguchi-Tanaka M. DELLA and SCL3 balance gibberellin feedback regulation by utilizing INDETERMINATE DOMAIN proteins as transcriptional scaffolds. Plant Signal Behav 2014; 9:e29726. [PMID: 25763707 PMCID: PMC4205140 DOI: 10.4161/psb.29726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
DELLA proteins are key negative regulators in the phytohormone gibberellin's (GA) signaling. In addition to this role, the DELLA proteins upregulate the gene expression levels of the positive regulators in GA signaling, such as GA 20-oxidase, GA receptor, and a transcriptional regulator, SCARECROW-LIKE3 (SCL3), which enables the regulation of GA feedback. Since DELLAs lack a known DNA binding domain, other transcription factor(s) that recruit DELLAs to DNA are essential for this regulation. Recently, we showed that the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN family proteins serve as transcriptional scaffolds to exert the transactivation activity of DELLAs. This finding and further analyses regarding the function of SCL3 indicate that the balance of the DELLAs and SCL3 protein levels (both are GRAS proteins) regulates downstream gene expression through IDDs binding to DNA. Here, we review the regulatory system in plants similar to ours and also discuss the interactive network between GRAS and IDD proteins.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hirano K, Kouketu E, Katoh H, Aya K, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. The suppressive function of the rice DELLA protein SLR1 is dependent on its transcriptional activation activity. Plant J 2012; 71:443-453. [PMID: 22429711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
When the gibberellin (GA) receptor GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 (GID1) binds to GA, GID1 interacts with DELLA proteins, repressors of GA signaling. This interaction inhibits the suppressive function of DELLA protein and thereby activates the GA response. However, how DELLA proteins exert their suppressive function and how GID1s inhibit suppressive function of DELLA proteins is unclear. By yeast one-hybrid experiments and transient expression of the N-terminal region of rice DELLA protein (SLR1) in rice callus, we established that the N-terminal DELLA/TVHYNP motif of SLR1 possesses transactivation activity. When SLR1 proteins with various deletions were over-expressed in rice, the severity of dwarfism correlated with the transactivation activity observed in yeast, indicating that SLR1 suppresses plant growth through transactivation activity. This activity was suppressed by the GA-dependent GID1-SLR1 interaction, which may explain why GA responses are induced in the presence of GA. The C-terminal GRAS domain of SLR1 also exhibits a suppressive function on plant growth, possibly by directly or indirectly interacting with the promoter region of target genes. Our results indicate that the N-terminal region of SLR1 has two roles in GA signaling: interaction with GID1 and transactivation activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Hirano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hirano K, Aya K, Matsuoka M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M. Molecular Determinants that Convert Hormone Sensitive Lipase into Gibberellin Receptor. Protein Pept Lett 2012; 19:180-5. [DOI: 10.2174/092986612799080248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Xiang H, Takeuchi H, Tsunoda Y, Nakajima M, Murata K, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Kidokoro SI, Kezuka Y, Nonaka T, Matsuoka M, Katoh E. Thermodynamic characterization of OsGID1-gibberellin binding using calorimetry and docking simulations. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:275-82. [PMID: 21360613 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones regulating various developmental processes in plants. In rice, the initial GA-signaling events involve the binding of a GA to the soluble GA receptor protein, GID1. Although X-ray structures for certain GID1/GA complexes have recently been determined, an examination of the complexes does not fully clarify how GID1s discriminate among different GAs. Herein, we present a study aimed at defining the types of forces important to binding via a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and computational docking studies that employed rice GID1 (OsGID1), OsGID1 mutants, which were designed to have a decreased possible number of hydrogen bonds with bound GA, and GA variants. We find that, in general, GA binding is enthalpically driven and that a hydrogen bond between the phenolic hydroxyl of OsGID1 Tyr134 and the C-3 hydroxyl of a GA is a defining structural element. A hydrogen-bond network that involves the C-6 carboxyl of a GA that directly hydrogen bonds the hydroxyl of Ser198 and indirectly, via a two-water-molecule network, the phenolic hydroxyl of Tyr329 and the NH of the amide side-chain of Asn255 is also important for GA binding. The binding of OsGID1 by GA(1) is the most enthalpically driven association found for the biologically active GAs evaluated in this study. This observation might be a consequence of a hydrogen bond formed between the hydroxyl at the C-13 position of GA(1) and the main chain carbonyl of OsGID1 Phe245. Our results demonstrate that by combining ITC experiments and computational methods much can be learned about the thermodynamics of ligand/protein binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xiang
- Division of Plant Research, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yamamoto Y, Hirai T, Yamamoto E, Kawamura M, Sato T, Kitano H, Matsuoka M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M. A rice gid1 suppressor mutant reveals that gibberellin is not always required for interaction between its receptor, GID1, and DELLA proteins. Plant Cell 2010; 22:3589-602. [PMID: 21098733 PMCID: PMC3015124 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.074542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To investigate gibberellin (GA) signaling using the rice (Oryza sativa) GA receptor GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) mutant gid1-8, we isolated a suppressor mutant, Suppressor of gid1-1 (Sgd-1). Sgd-1 is an intragenic mutant containing the original gid1-8 mutation (L45F) and an additional amino acid substitution (P99S) in the loop region. GID1(P99S) interacts with the rice DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), even in the absence of GA. Substitution of the 99th Pro with other amino acids revealed that substitution with Ala (P99A) caused the highest level of GA-independent interaction. Physicochemical analysis using surface plasmon resonance revealed that GID1(P99A) has smaller K(a) (association) and K(d) (dissociation) values for GA(4) than does wild-type GID1. This suggests that the GID1(P99A) lid is at least partially closed, resulting in both GA-independent and GA-hypersensitive interactions with SLR1. One of the three Arabidopsis thaliana GID1s, At GID1b, can also interact with DELLA proteins in the absence of GA, so we investigated whether GA-independent interaction of At GID1b depends on a mechanism similar to that of rice GID1(P99A). Substitution of the loop region or a few amino acids of At GID1b with those of At GID1a diminished its GA-independent interaction with GAI while maintaining the GA-dependent interaction. Soybean (Glycine max) and Brassica napus also have GID1s similar to At GID1b, indicating that these unique GID1s occur in various dicots and may have important functions in these plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamamoto
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hirai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamamoto
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kawamura
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kitano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. The perception of gibberellins: clues from receptor structure. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2010; 13:503-8. [PMID: 20851040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of GID1, a soluble receptor for gibberellins (GAs), has revealed new insights into how GA is perceived. X-ray analysis has demonstrated similarities in the tertiary structure of GID1 to hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), and the GA-binding pocket of GID1 corresponds to the active site of HSL. X-ray analysis has also revealed the structural basis of the GA-GID1 interaction, and evolutionary aspects of GID1 have been discovered by comparison to GID1 from non-flowering plants. Recent studies have also demonstrated the complexity of GA signaling in Arabidopsis, which is mediated by three GID1 and five DELLA proteins. Finally, mechanistic and structural similarities for hormone signaling are compared for GA, auxin and abscisic acid, three hormones where the receptor protein structure was recently described.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hirano K, Asano K, Tsuji H, Kawamura M, Mori H, Kitano H, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. Characterization of the molecular mechanism underlying gibberellin perception complex formation in rice. Plant Cell 2010; 22:2680-96. [PMID: 20716699 PMCID: PMC2947161 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.075549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) is a repressor of gibberellin (GA) signaling in rice (Oryza sativa), and most of the GA-associated responses are induced upon SLR1 degradation. It is assumed that interaction between GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) and the N-terminal DELLA/TVHYNP motif of SLR1 triggers F-box protein GID2-mediated SLR1 degradation. We identified a semidominant dwarf mutant, Slr1-d4, which contains a mutation in the region encoding the C-terminal GRAS domain of SLR1 (SLR1(G576V)). The GA-dependent degradation of SLR1(G576V) was reduced in Slr1-d4, and compared with SLR1, SLR1(G576V) showed reduced interaction with GID1 and almost none with GID2 when tested in yeast cells. Surface plasmon resonance of GID1-SLR1 and GID1-SLR1(G576V) interactions revealed that the GRAS domain of SLR1 functions to stabilize the GID1-SLR1 interaction by reducing its dissociation rate and that the G576V substitution in SLR1 diminishes this stability. These results suggest that the stable interaction of GID1-SLR1 through the GRAS domain is essential for the recognition of SLR1 by GID2. We propose that when the DELLA/TVHYNP motif of SLR1 binds with GID1, it enables the GRAS domain of SLR1 to interact with GID1 and that the stable GID1-SLR1 complex is efficiently recognized by GID2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Hirano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenji Asano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kawamura
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kitano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Suzuki H, Park SH, Okubo K, Kitamura J, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Iuchi S, Katoh E, Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi I, Matsuoka M, Asami T, Nakajima M. Differential expression and affinities of Arabidopsis gibberellin receptors can explain variation in phenotypes of multiple knock-out mutants. Plant J 2009; 60:48-55. [PMID: 19500306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, three receptors exist for the phytohormone gibberellin. Of the three, only a double loss-of-function mutant (atgid1a atgid1c) shows a dwarf phenotype, while other double and all single mutants show no abnormality in height. In this study we show that the expression of AtGID1b-GUS mRNA, driven by the AtGID1b promoter, is low in inflorescence stems, but may be 10% of AtGID1a-GUS mRNA, driven by the AtGID1a promoter. However, AtGID1b-GUS enzymatic activity does not exist in them. This factor strongly suggests that atgid1a atgid1c lacks sufficient AtGID1b protein for normal stem growth. In the stamens of pAtGID1c::AtGID1c-GUS transformants, we detected clear AtGID1c-GUS activity, while another atgid1a atgid1b, which has short stamens in its flowers, causes the adhesion of little pollen to stigmas thus leading to its low fertility. We then evaluated the affinity of the AtGID1-DELLA interaction by a competitive yeast three-hybrid system and also by QCM apparatus. AtGID1c showed a quite lower affinity to RGL2, the major DELLA protein in floral buds, than AtGID1a or AtGID1b. The low affinity of the AtGID1c-RGL2 interaction is likely to be responsible for the failure of AtGID1c to hold RGL2, which is required for normal stamen development. Taken together with expressional information of DELLA genes, we propose that in a double loss-of-function mutant of gibberellin receptors, the emergence of any phenotype(s) depends on the abundance of the remaining receptor and its preference to DELLA proteins existing at a target site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kojima M, Kamada-Nobusada T, Komatsu H, Takei K, Kuroha T, Mizutani M, Ashikari M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M, Suzuki K, Sakakibara H. Highly sensitive and high-throughput analysis of plant hormones using MS-probe modification and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: an application for hormone profiling in Oryza sativa. Plant Cell Physiol 2009; 50:1201-14. [PMID: 19369275 PMCID: PMC2709547 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a highly sensitive and high-throughput method for the simultaneous analysis of 43 molecular species of cytokinins, auxins, ABA and gibberellins. This method consists of an automatic liquid handling system for solid phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (qMS/MS) equipped with an electrospray interface (ESI; UPLC-ESI-qMS/MS). In order to improve the detection limit of negatively charged compounds, such as gibberellins, we chemically derivatized fractions containing auxin, ABA and gibberellins with bromocholine that has a quaternary ammonium functional group. This modification, that we call 'MS-probe', makes these hormone derivatives have a positive ion charge and permits all compounds to be measured in the positive ion mode with UPLC-ESI-qMS/MS in a single run. Consequently, quantification limits of gibberellins increased up to 50-fold. Our current method needs <100 mg (FW) of plant tissues to determine phytohormone profiles and enables us to analyze >180 plant samples simultaneously. Application of this method to plant hormone profiling enabled us to draw organ distribution maps of hormone species in rice and also to identify interactions among the four major hormones in the rice gibberellin signaling mutants, gid1-3, gid2-1 and slr1. Combining the results of hormone profiling data with transcriptome data in the gibberellin signaling mutants allows us to analyze relationships between changes in gene expression and hormone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Komatsu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku, Yokohama, 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kentaro Takei
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | | | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku, Yokohama, 223-8522 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +81-45-503-9609
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aya K, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Kondo M, Hamada K, Yano K, Nishimura M, Matsuoka M. Gibberellin modulates anther development in rice via the transcriptional regulation of GAMYB. Plant Cell 2009; 21:1453-72. [PMID: 19454733 PMCID: PMC2700530 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.062935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in regulating reproductive development, especially anther development. Our previous studies revealed that the MYB transcriptional factor GAMYB, an important component of GA signaling in cereal aleurone cells, is also important for anther development. Here, we examined the physiological functions of GA during anther development through phenotypic analyses of rice (Oryza sativa) GA-deficient, GA-insensitive, and gamyb mutants. The mutants exhibited common defects in programmed cell death (PCD) of tapetal cells and formation of exine and Ubisch bodies. Microarray analysis using anther RNAs of these mutants revealed that rice GAMYB is involved in almost all instances of GA-regulated gene expression in anthers. Among the GA-regulated genes, we focused on two lipid metabolic genes, a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase CYP703A3 and beta-ketoacyl reductase, both of which might be involved in providing a substrate for exine and Ubisch body. GAMYB specifically interacted with GAMYB binding motifs in the promoter regions in vitro, and mutation of these motifs in promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) transformants caused reduced GUS expression in anthers. Furthermore, a knockout mutant for CYP703A3 showed gamyb-like defects in exine and Ubisch body formation. Together, these results suggest that GA regulates exine formation and the PCD of tapetal cells and that direct activation of CYP703A3 by GAMYB is key to exine formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Aya
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hirano K, Aya K, Hobo T, Sakakibara H, Kojima M, Shim RA, Hasegawa Y, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling genes in microspore/pollen and tapetum of rice. Plant Cell Physiol 2008; 49:1429-50. [PMID: 18718932 PMCID: PMC2566925 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the involvement of phytohormones during rice microspore/pollen (MS/POL) development, endogenous levels of IAA, gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the mature anther were analyzed. We also analyzed the global expression profiles of genes related to seven phytohormones, namely auxin, GAs, CKs, brassinosteroids, ethylene, ABA and jasmonic acids, in MS/POL and tapetum (TAP) using a 44K microarray combined with a laser microdissection technique (LM-array analysis). IAA and GA(4) accumulated in a much higher amount in the mature anther compared with the other tissues, while CKs and ABA did not. LM-array analysis revealed that sets of genes required for IAA and GA synthesis were coordinately expressed during the later stages of MS/POL development, suggesting that these genes are responsible for the massive accumulation of IAA and GA(4) in the mature anther. In contrast, genes for GA signaling were preferentially expressed during the early developmental stages of MS/POL and throughout TAP development, while their expression was down-regulated at the later stages of MS/POL development. In the case of auxin signaling genes, such mirror-imaged expression observed in GA synthesis and signaling genes was not observed. IAA receptor genes were mostly expressed during the late stages of MS/POL development, and various sets of AUX/IAA and ARF genes were expressed during the different stages of MS/POL or TAP development. Such cell type-specific expression profiles of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling genes demonstrate the validity and importance of analyzing the expression of phytohormone-related genes in individual cell types independently of other cells/tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Hirano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Koichiro Aya
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tokunori Hobo
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | | | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Hasegawa
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | | | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Hirano K, Hasegawa Y, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. Release of the repressive activity of rice DELLA protein SLR1 by gibberellin does not require SLR1 degradation in the gid2 mutant. Plant Cell 2008; 20:2437-46. [PMID: 18827181 PMCID: PMC2570727 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.061648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 08/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rice (Oryza sativa) DELLA protein SLR1 acts as a repressor of gibberellin (GA) signaling. GA perception by GID1 causes SLR1 protein degradation involving the F-box protein GID2; this triggers GA-associated responses such as shoot elongation and seed germination. In GA-insensitive and GA biosynthesis mutants, SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) accumulates to high levels, and the severity of dwarfism is usually correlated with the level of SLR1 accumulation. An exception is the GA-insensitive F-box mutant gid2, which shows milder dwarfism than mutants such as gid1 and cps even though it accumulates higher levels of SLR1. The level of SLR1 protein in gid2 was decreased by loss of GID1 function or treatment with a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, and dwarfism was enhanced. Conversely, overproduction of GID1 or treatment with GA(3) increased the SLR1 level in gid2 and reduced dwarfism. These results indicate that derepression of SLR1 repressive activity can be accomplished by GA and GID1 alone and does not require F-box (GID2) function. Evidence for GA signaling without GID2 was also provided by the expression behavior of GA-regulated genes such as GA-20oxidase1, GID1, and SLR1 in the gid2 mutant. Based on these observations, we propose a model for the release of GA suppression that does not require DELLA protein degradation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Aleman L, Kitamura J, Abdel-mageed H, Lee J, Sun Y, Nakajima M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M, Allen RD. Functional analysis of cotton orthologs of GA signal transduction factors GID1 and SLR1. Plant Mol Biol 2008; 68:1-16. [PMID: 18506581 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA) is both necessary and sufficient to promote fiber elongation in cultured fertilized ovules of the upland cotton variety Coker 312. This is likely due to the temporal and spatial regulation of GA biosynthesis, perception, and subsequent signal transduction that leads to alterations in gene expression and morphology. Our results indicate that the initiation of fiber elongation by the application of GA to cultured ovules corresponds with increased expression of genes that encode xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and expansin (EXP) that are involved in promoting cell elongation. To gain a better understanding of the GA signaling components in cotton, that lead to such changes in gene expression, two GA receptor genes (GhGID1a and GhGID1b) and two DELLA protein genes (GhSLR1a and GhSLR1b) that are orthologous to the rice GA receptor (GID1) and the rice DELLA gene (SLR1), respectively, were characterized. Similar to the GA biosynthetic genes, expression of GhGID1a and GhGID1b is under the negative regulation by GA while GA positively regulates GhSLR1a. Recombinant GST-GhGID1s showed GA-binding activity in vitro that was augmented in the presence of GhSLR1a, GhSLR1b, or rice SLR1, indicating complex formation between the receptors and repressor proteins. This was further supported by the GA-dependent interaction of these proteins in yeast cells. Ectopic expression of the GhGID1a in the rice gid1-3 mutant plants rescued the GA-insensitive dwarf phenotype, which demonstrates that it is a functional GA receptor. Furthermore, ectopic expression of GhSLR1b in wild type Arabidopsis led to reduced growth and upregulated expression of DELLA-responsive genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Aleman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hirano K, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. GID1-mediated gibberellin signaling in plants. Trends Plant Sci 2008; 13:192-9. [PMID: 18337155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) perception is mediated by GID1 (GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF1), a receptor that shows similarity to hormone-sensitive lipases. A key event in GA signaling is the degradation of DELLA proteins, which are negative regulators of GA response that interact with GID1 in a GA-dependent manner. This GID1-DELLA GA-perception system is conserved among vascular plants but is not found in the moss Physcomitrella patens. The identification of factors in GA signaling downstream of DELLA and the development of a new concept of DELLA function beyond its role as a repressor of GA signaling are important advances. DELLA proteins appear to have at least two other distinct roles: maintaining GA homeostasis and regulating cross-talk between GA and other plant hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Hirano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chhun T, Aya K, Asano K, Yamamoto E, Morinaka Y, Watanabe M, Kitano H, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M. Gibberellin regulates pollen viability and pollen tube growth in rice. Plant Cell 2007; 19:3876-88. [PMID: 18083909 PMCID: PMC2217639 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.054759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 11/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play many biological roles in higher plants. We collected and performed genetic analysis on rice (Oryza sativa) GA-related mutants, including GA-deficient and GA-insensitive mutants. Genetic analysis of the mutants revealed that rice GA-deficient mutations are not transmitted as Mendelian traits to the next generation following self-pollination of F1 heterozygous plants, although GA-insensitive mutations are transmitted normally. To understand these differences in transmission, we examined the effect of GA on microsporogenesis and pollen tube elongation in rice using new GA-deficient and GA-insensitive mutants that produce semifertile flowers. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the GA-deficient mutant reduced pollen elongation1 is defective in pollen tube elongation, resulting in a low fertilization frequency, whereas the GA-insensitive semidominant mutant Slr1-d3 is mainly defective in viable pollen production. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that GA biosynthesis genes tested whose mutations are transmitted to the next generation at a lower frequency are preferentially expressed after meiosis during pollen development, but expression is absent or very low before the meiosis stage, whereas GA signal-related genes are actively expressed before meiosis. Based on these observations, we predict that the transmission of GA-signaling genes occurs in a sporophytic manner, since the protein products and/or mRNA transcripts of these genes may be introduced into pollen-carrying mutant alleles, whereas GA synthesis genes are transmitted in a gametophytic manner, since these genes are preferentially expressed after meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tory Chhun
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hirano K, Nakajima M, Asano K, Nishiyama T, Sakakibara H, Kojima M, Katoh E, Xiang H, Tanahashi T, Hasebe M, Banks JA, Ashikari M, Kitano H, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. The GID1-mediated gibberellin perception mechanism is conserved in the Lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii but not in the Bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. Plant Cell 2007; 19:3058-79. [PMID: 17965273 PMCID: PMC2174699 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.051524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis thaliana, gibberellin (GA) signaling is mediated by GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) and DELLA proteins in collaboration with a GA-specific F-box protein. To explore when plants evolved the ability to perceive GA by the GID1/DELLA pathway, we examined these GA signaling components in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii and the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. An in silico search identified several homologs of GID1, DELLA, and GID2, a GA-specific F-box protein in rice, in both species. Sm GID1a and Sm GID1b, GID1 proteins from S. moellendorffii, showed GA binding activity in vitro and interacted with DELLA proteins from S. moellendorffii in a GA-dependent manner in yeast. Introduction of constitutively expressed Sm GID1a, Sm G1D1b, and Sm GID2a transgenes rescued the dwarf phenotype of rice gid1 and gid2 mutants. Furthermore, treatment with GA(4), a major GA in S. moellendorffii, caused downregulation of Sm GID1b, Sm GA20 oxidase, and Sm GA3 oxidase and degradation of the Sm DELLA1 protein. These results demonstrate that the homologs of GID1, DELLA, and GID2 work in a similar manner in S. moellendorffii and in flowering plants. Biochemical studies revealed that Sm GID1s have different GA binding properties from GID1s in flowering plants. No evidence was found for the functional conservation of these genes in P. patens, indicating that GID1/DELLA-mediated GA signaling, if present, differs from that in vascular plants. Our results suggest that GID1/DELLA-mediated GA signaling appeared after the divergence of vascular plants from the moss lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Hirano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Nakajima M, Katoh E, Ohmiya H, Asano K, Saji S, Hongyu X, Ashikari M, Kitano H, Yamaguchi I, Matsuoka M. Molecular interactions of a soluble gibberellin receptor, GID1, with a rice DELLA protein, SLR1, and gibberellin. Plant Cell 2007; 19:2140-55. [PMID: 17644730 PMCID: PMC1955699 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.043729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) encodes a soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor that shares sequence similarity with a hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Previously, a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay revealed that the GID1-GA complex directly interacts with SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), a DELLA repressor protein in GA signaling. Here, we demonstrated, by pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments, that the GA-dependent GID1-SLR1 interaction also occurs in planta. GA(4) was found to have the highest affinity to GID1 in Y2H assays and is the most effective form of GA in planta. Domain analyses of SLR1 using Y2H, gel filtration, and BiFC methods revealed that the DELLA and TVHYNP domains of SLR1 are required for the GID1-SLR1 interaction. To identify the important regions of GID1 for GA and SLR1 interactions, we used many different mutant versions of GID1, such as the spontaneous mutant GID1s, N- and C-terminal truncated GID1s, and mutagenized GID1 proteins with conserved amino acids replaced with Ala. The amino acid residues important for SLR1 interaction completely overlapped the residues required for GA binding that were scattered throughout the GID1 molecule. When we plotted these residues on the GID1 structure predicted by analogy with HSL tertiary structure, many residues were located at regions corresponding to the substrate binding pocket and lid. Furthermore, the GA-GID1 interaction was stabilized by SLR1. Based on these observations, we proposed a molecular model for interaction between GA, GID1, and SLR1.
Collapse
|
29
|
Iuchi S, Suzuki H, Kim YC, Iuchi A, Kuromori T, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Asami T, Yamaguchi I, Matsuoka M, Kobayashi M, Nakajima M. Multiple loss-of-function of Arabidopsis gibberellin receptor AtGID1s completely shuts down a gibberellin signal. Plant J 2007; 50:958-66. [PMID: 17521411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis carries three receptor genes for the phytohormone gibberellin (GA), AtGID1a, AtGID1b and AtGID1c. Expression of each gene in the rice gid1-1 mutant for GA receptors causes reversion of its severely dwarfed phenotype and GA insensitivity to a normal level, even though each loss-of-function mutant shows no clear phenotype in Arabidopsis (Nakajima et al., 2006). In this paper, we report the functional redundancy and specificity of each AtGID1 by analyzing the multiple mutants for loss of function. Seeds of the double knockout mutants atgid1a atgid1b, atgid1a atgid1c and atgid1b atgid1c germinated normally. The double knockout mutant atgid1a atgid1c showed a dwarf phenotype, while other double mutants were of normal height compared to the wild-type. The stamens of the double knockout mutant atgid1a atgid1b were significantly shorter than those of the wild-type, and this leads to low fertility. A severe disarrangement of the pattern on its seed surface was also observed. The triple knockout mutant atgid1a atgid1b atgid1c did not germinate voluntarily, and only started to grow when the seed coat was peeled off after soaking. Seedlings of the triple knockout mutants were severe dwarfs, only a few millimeters high after growing for 1 month. Moreover, the triple knockout seedlings completely lost their ability to respond to exogenously applied GA. These results show that all AtGID1s function as GA receptors in Arabidopsis, but have specific role(s) for growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iuchi
- BioResource Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are a large family of tetracyclic, diterpenoid plant hormones that induce a wide range of plant growth responses. It has been postulated that plants have two types of GA receptors, including soluble and membrane-bound forms. Recently, it was determined that the rice GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) gene encodes an unknown protein with similarity to the hormone-sensitive lipases that has high affinity only for biologically active GAs. Moreover, GID1 binds to SLR1, a repressor of GA signaling, in a GA-dependent manner in yeast cells. Based on these observations, it has been concluded that GID1 is a soluble receptor mediating GA signaling in rice. More recently, Arabidopsis thaliana was found to have three GID1 homologs, AtGID1a, b, and c, all of which bind GA and interact with the five Arabidopsis DELLA proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Ashikari M, Nakajima M, Matsuoka M. [Gid1 encodes a soluble receptor for gibberellin]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2006; 51:2312-20. [PMID: 17154056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
|
32
|
Shimada A, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Sakamoto T, Fujioka S, Takatsuto S, Yoshida S, Sazuka T, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. The rice SPINDLY gene functions as a negative regulator of gibberellin signaling by controlling the suppressive function of the DELLA protein, SLR1, and modulating brassinosteroid synthesis. Plant J 2006; 48:390-402. [PMID: 17052323 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
SPINDLY (SPY) encodes an O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is considered to be a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA) signaling through an unknown mechanism. To understand the function of SPY in GA signaling in rice, we isolated a rice SPINDLY homolog (OsSPY) and produced knockdown transgenic plants in which OsSPY expression was reduced by introducing its antisense or RNAi construct. In knockdown plants, the enhanced elongation of lower internodes was correlated with decreased levels of OsSPY expression, similar to the spindly phenotype of Arabidopsis spy mutants, suggesting that OsSPY also functions as a negative factor in GA signaling in rice. The suppressive function of OsSPY in GA signaling was supported by the findings that the dwarfism was partially rescued and OsGA20ox2 (GA20 oxidase) expression was reduced in GA-deficient and GA-insensitive mutants by the knockdown of OsSPY function. The suppression of OsSPY function in a GA-insensitive mutant, gid2, also caused an increase in the phosphorylation of a rice DELLA protein, SLR1, but did not change the amount of SLR1. This indicates that the function of OsSPY in GA signaling is not via changes in the amount or stability of SLR1, but probably involves control of the suppressive function of SLR1. In addition to the GA-related phenotypes, OsSPY antisense and RNAi plants showed increased lamina joint bending, which is a brassinosteroid-related phenotype, indicating that OsSPY may play roles both in GA signaling and in the brassinosteroid pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Shimada
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tsuji H, Aya K, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Shimada Y, Nakazono M, Watanabe R, Nishizawa NK, Gomi K, Shimada A, Kitano H, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. GAMYB controls different sets of genes and is differentially regulated by microRNA in aleurone cells and anthers. Plant J 2006; 47:427-44. [PMID: 16792694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
GAMYB is a component of gibberellin (GA) signaling in cereal aleurone cells, and has an important role in flower development. However, it is unclear how GAMYB function is regulated. We examined the involvement of a microRNA, miR159, in the regulation of GAMYB expression in cereal aleurone cells and flower development. In aleurone cells, no miR159 expression was observed with or without GA treatment, suggesting that miR159 is not involved in the regulation of GAMYB and GAMYB-like genes in this tissue. miR159 was expressed in tissues other than aleurone, and miR159 over-expressors showed similar but more severe phenotypes than the gamyb mutant. GAMYB and GAMYB-like genes are co-expressed with miR159 in anthers, and the mRNA levels for GAMYB and GAMYB-like genes are negatively correlated with miR159 levels during anther development. Thus, OsGAMYB and OsGAMYB-like genes are regulated by miR159 in flowers. A microarray analysis revealed that OsGAMYB and its upstream regulator SLR1 are involved in the regulation of almost all GA-mediated gene expression in rice aleurone cells. Moreover, different sets of genes are regulated by GAMYB in aleurone cells and anthers. GAMYB binds directly to promoter regions of its target genes in anthers as well as aleurone cells. Based on these observations, we suggest that the regulation of GAMYB expression and GAMYB function are different in aleurone cells and flowers in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nakajima M, Shimada A, Takashi Y, Kim YC, Park SH, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Suzuki H, Katoh E, Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Maeda T, Matsuoka M, Yamaguchi I. Identification and characterization of Arabidopsis gibberellin receptors. Plant J 2006; 46:880-9. [PMID: 16709201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Three gibberellin (GA) receptor genes (AtGID1a, AtGID1b and AtGID1c), each an ortholog of the rice GA receptor gene (OsGID1), were cloned from Arabidopsis, and the characteristics of their recombinant proteins were examined. The GA-binding activities of the three recombinant proteins were confirmed by an in vitro assay. Biochemical analyses revealed similar ligand selectivity among the recombinants, and all recombinants showed higher affinity to GA(4) than to other GAs. AtGID1b was unique in its binding affinity to GA(4) and in its pH dependence when compared with the other two, by only showing binding in a narrow pH range (pH 6.4-7.5) with 10-fold higher affinity (apparent K(d) for GA(4) = 3 x 10(-8) m) than AtGID1a and AtGID1c. A two-hybrid yeast system only showed in vivo interaction in the presence of GA(4) between each AtGID1 and the Arabidopsis DELLA proteins (AtDELLAs), negative regulators of GA signaling. For this interaction with AtDELLAs, AtGID1b required only one-tenth of the amount of GA(4) that was necessary for interaction between the other AtGID1s and AtDELLAs, reflecting its lower K(d) value. AtDELLA boosted the GA-binding activity of AtGID1 in vitro, which suggests the formation of a complex between AtDELLA and AtGID1-GA that binds AtGID1 to GA more tightly. The expression of each AtGID1 clone in the rice gid1-1 mutant rescued the GA-insensitive dwarf phenotype. These results demonstrate that all three AtGID1s functioned as GA receptors in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nakamura A, Fujioka S, Sunohara H, Kamiya N, Hong Z, Inukai Y, Miura K, Takatsuto S, Yoshida S, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Hasegawa Y, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. The role of OsBRI1 and its homologous genes, OsBRL1 and OsBRL3, in rice. Plant Physiol 2006; 140:580-90. [PMID: 16407447 PMCID: PMC1361325 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.072330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 12/18/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since first identifying two alleles of a rice (Oryza sativa) brassinosteroid (BR)-insensitive mutant, d61, that were also defective in an orthologous gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1), we have isolated eight additional alleles, including null mutations, of the rice BRI1 gene OsBRI1. The most severe mutant, d61-4, exhibited severe dwarfism and twisted leaves, although pattern formation and differentiation were normal. This severe shoot phenotype was caused mainly by a defect in cell elongation and the disturbance of cell division after the determination of cell fate. In contrast to its severe shoot phenotype, the d61-4 mutant had a mild root phenotype. Concomitantly, the accumulation of castasterone, the active BR in rice, was up to 30-fold greater in the shoots, while only 1.5-fold greater in the roots. The homologous genes for OsBRI1, OsBRL1 and OsBRL3, were highly expressed in roots but weakly expressed in shoots, and their expression was higher in d61-4 than in the wild type. Based on these observations, we conclude that OsBRI1 is not essential for pattern formation or organ initiation, but is involved in organ development through controlling cell division and elongation. In addition, OsBRL1 and OsBRL3 are at least partly involved in BR perception in the roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakamura
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sakamoto T, Morinaka Y, Ohnishi T, Sunohara H, Fujioka S, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Mizutani M, Sakata K, Takatsuto S, Yoshida S, Tanaka H, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. Erect leaves caused by brassinosteroid deficiency increase biomass production and grain yield in rice. Nat Biotechnol 2005; 24:105-9. [PMID: 16369540 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New cultivars with very erect leaves, which increase light capture for photosynthesis and nitrogen storage for grain filling, may have increased grain yields. Here we show that the erect leaf phenotype of a rice brassinosteroid-deficient mutant, osdwarf4-1, is associated with enhanced grain yields under conditions of dense planting, even without extra fertilizer. Molecular and biochemical studies reveal that two different cytochrome P450s, CYP90B2/OsDWARF4 and CYP724B1/D11, function redundantly in C-22 hydroxylation, the rate-limiting step of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Therefore, despite the central role of brassinosteroids in plant growth and development, mutation of OsDWARF4 alone causes only limited defects in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and plant morphology. These results suggest that regulated genetic modulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis can improve crops without the negative environmental effects of fertilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Field Production Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midoricho, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Itoh H, Shimada A, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Kamiya N, Hasegawa Y, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. Overexpression of a GRAS protein lacking the DELLA domain confers altered gibberellin responses in rice. Plant J 2005; 44:669-79. [PMID: 16262715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rice SLR1 (SLENDER RICE 1) gene encodes a DELLA protein that belongs to a subfamily of the GRAS protein superfamily and that functions as a repressor of gibberellin (GA) signaling. Based on the constitutive GA response phenotype of slr1 mutants, SLR1 has been thought to be the sole DELLA-type protein suppressing GA signals in rice. However, in rice genome databases we identified two sequences homologous to SLR1: SLR1-like1 and -2 (SLRL1 and -2). SLRL1 and SLRL2 contain regions with high similarity to the C-terminal conserved domains in SLR1, but lack the N-terminal conserved region of the DELLA proteins. The expression of SLRL1 was positively regulated by GA at the mRNA level and occurred preferentially in reproductive organs, whereas SLRL2 was moderately expressed in mature leaf organs and was not affected by GA. Transformation of SLRL1 into the slr1 mutant rescued the slender phenotype of this mutant. Moreover, overexpression of SLRL1 in normal rice plants induced a dwarf phenotype with an increased level of OsGA20ox2 gene expression and diminished the GA-induced shoot elongation, suggesting that SLRL1 acts as a repressor of GA signaling. Consistent with the fact that SLRL1 does not have a DELLA domain, which is essential for degradation of DELLA proteins, a level of SLRL1 protein was not degraded by application of gibberellic acid. However, the repressive activity of SLRL1 against GA signaling was much weaker than a truncated SLR1 lacking the DELLA domain. Based on these characteristics of SLRL1, the functional roles of SLRL1 in GA signaling in rice are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Itoh
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Ashikari M, Nakajima M, Itoh H, Katoh E, Kobayashi M, Chow TY, Hsing YIC, Kitano H, Yamaguchi I, Matsuoka M. GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 encodes a soluble receptor for gibberellin. Nature 2005. [PMID: 16193045 DOI: 10.1038/nature04028437:693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that are essential for many developmental processes in plants. It has been postulated that plants have both membrane-bound and soluble GA receptors; however, no GA receptors have yet been identified. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a new GA-insensitive dwarf mutant of rice, gid1. The GID1 gene encodes an unknown protein with similarity to the hormone-sensitive lipases, and we observed preferential localization of a GID1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal in nuclei. Recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-GID1 had a high affinity only for biologically active GAs, whereas mutated GST-GID1 corresponding to three gid1 alleles had no GA-binding affinity. The dissociation constant for GA4 was estimated to be around 10(-7) M, enough to account for the GA dependency of shoot elongation. Moreover, GID1 bound to SLR1, a rice DELLA protein, in a GA-dependent manner in yeast cells. GID1 overexpression resulted in a GA-hypersensitive phenotype. Together, our results indicate that GID1 is a soluble receptor mediating GA signalling in rice.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Ashikari M, Nakajima M, Itoh H, Katoh E, Kobayashi M, Chow TY, Hsing YIC, Kitano H, Yamaguchi I, Matsuoka M. GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 encodes a soluble receptor for gibberellin. Nature 2005; 437:693-8. [PMID: 16193045 DOI: 10.1038/nature04028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that are essential for many developmental processes in plants. It has been postulated that plants have both membrane-bound and soluble GA receptors; however, no GA receptors have yet been identified. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a new GA-insensitive dwarf mutant of rice, gid1. The GID1 gene encodes an unknown protein with similarity to the hormone-sensitive lipases, and we observed preferential localization of a GID1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal in nuclei. Recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-GID1 had a high affinity only for biologically active GAs, whereas mutated GST-GID1 corresponding to three gid1 alleles had no GA-binding affinity. The dissociation constant for GA4 was estimated to be around 10(-7) M, enough to account for the GA dependency of shoot elongation. Moreover, GID1 bound to SLR1, a rice DELLA protein, in a GA-dependent manner in yeast cells. GID1 overexpression resulted in a GA-hypersensitive phenotype. Together, our results indicate that GID1 is a soluble receptor mediating GA signalling in rice.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hong Z, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Fujioka S, Takatsuto S, Yoshida S, Hasegawa Y, Ashikari M, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. The Rice brassinosteroid-deficient dwarf2 mutant, defective in the rice homolog of Arabidopsis DIMINUTO/DWARF1, is rescued by the endogenously accumulated alternative bioactive brassinosteroid, dolichosterone. Plant Cell 2005; 17:2243-54. [PMID: 15994910 PMCID: PMC1182486 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.030973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a rice (Oryza sativa) brassinosteroid (BR)-deficient mutant, BR-deficient dwarf2 (brd2). The brd2 locus contains a single base deletion in the coding region of Dim/dwf1, a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana DIMINUTO/DWARF1 (DIM/DWF1). Introduction of the wild-type Dim/dwf1 gene into brd2 restored the normal phenotype. Overproduction and repression of Dim/dwf1 resulted in contrasting phenotypes, with repressors mimicking the brd2 phenotype and overproducers having large stature with increased numbers of flowers and seeds. Although brd2 contains low levels of common 6-oxo-type BRs, the severity of the brd2 phenotype is much milder than brd1 mutants and most similar to d2 and d11, which show a semidwarf phenotype at the young seedling stage. Quantitative analysis suggested that in brd2, the 24-methylene BR biosynthesis pathway is activated and the uncommon BR, dolichosterone (DS), is produced. DS enhances the rice lamina joint bending angle, rescues the brd1 dwarf phenotype, and inhibits root elongation, indicating that DS is a bioactive BR in rice. Based on these observations, we discuss an alternative BR biosynthetic pathway that produces DS when Dim/dwf1 is defective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hong
- BioScience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka
- BioScience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shozo Fujioka
- RIKEN, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Suguru Takatsuto
- Department of Chemistry, Joetsu University of Education, Joetsu-shi, Niigata 943-8512, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- RIKEN, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hasegawa
- BioScience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- BioScience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kitano
- BioScience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- BioScience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail ; fax 81-52-789-5226
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Komorisono M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Aichi I, Hasegawa Y, Ashikari M, Kitano H, Matsuoka M, Sazuka T. Analysis of the rice mutant dwarf and gladius leaf 1. Aberrant katanin-mediated microtubule organization causes up-regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic genes independently of gibberellin signaling. Plant Physiol 2005; 138:1982-93. [PMID: 16040652 PMCID: PMC1183389 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.062968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular genetic studies of plant dwarf mutants have indicated that gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR) are two major factors that determine plant height; dwarf mutants that are caused by other defects are relatively rare, especially in monocot species. Here, we report a rice (Oryza sativa) dwarf mutant, dwarf and gladius leaf 1 (dgl1), which exhibits only minimal response to GA and BR. In addition to the dwarf phenotype, dgl1 produces leaves with abnormally rounded tip regions. Positional cloning of DGL1 revealed that it encodes a 60-kD microtubule-severing katanin-like protein. The protein was found to be important in cell elongation and division, based on the observed cell phenotypes. GA biosynthetic genes are up-regulated in dgl1, but the expression of BR biosynthetic genes is not enhanced. The enhanced expression of GA biosynthetic genes in dgl1 is not caused by inappropriate GA signaling because the expression of these genes was repressed by GA3 treatment, and degradation of the rice DELLA protein SLR1 was triggered by GA3 in this mutant. Instead, aberrant microtubule organization caused by the loss of the microtubule-severing function of DGL1 may result in enhanced expression of GA biosynthetic genes in that enhanced expression was also observed in a BR-deficient mutant with aberrant microtubule organization. These results suggest that the function of DGL1 is important for cell and organ elongation in rice, and aberrant DGL1-mediated microtubule organization causes up-regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic genes independently of gibberellin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Komorisono
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Itoh H, Sasaki A, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Ishiyama K, Kobayashi M, Hasegawa Y, Minami E, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. Dissection of the Phosphorylation of Rice DELLA Protein, SLENDER RICE1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 46:1392-9. [PMID: 15979983 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
DELLA proteins are repressors of gibberellin signaling in plants. Our previous studies have indicated that gibberellin signaling is derepressed by SCF(GID2)-mediated proteolysis of the DELLA protein, SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), in rice. In addition, the gibberellin-dependent increase of phosphorylated SLR1 in the loss-of-function gid2 mutant suggests that the SCF(GID2)-mediated degradation of SLR1 might be initiated by gibberellin-dependent phosphorylation. To confirm the role of phosphorylation of SLR1 in its gibberellin-dependent degradation, we revealed that SLR1 is phosphorylated on an N-terminal serine residue(s) within the DELLA/TVHYNP and polyS/T/V domain. However, gibberellin-induced phosphorylation in these regions was not observed in the gid2 mutant following the constitutive expression of SLR1 under the control of the rice actin1 promoter. Treatment with gibberellin induced both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of SLR1 with similar induction kinetics in gid2 mutant cells. Both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated SLR1 proteins were degraded by gibberellin treatment with a similar half-life in the rice callus cells, and both proteins interacted with recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-GID2. These results demonstrate that the phosphorylation of SLR1 is independent of its degradation and is dispensable for the interaction of SLR1 with the GID2/F-box protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Itoh
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Inukai Y, Sakamoto T, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Shibata Y, Gomi K, Umemura I, Hasegawa Y, Ashikari M, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. Crown rootless1, which is essential for crown root formation in rice, is a target of an AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR in auxin signaling. Plant Cell 2005; 17:1387-96. [PMID: 15829602 PMCID: PMC1091762 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of auxin in root development is well known, the molecular mechanisms involved are still unknown. We characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant defective in crown root formation, crown rootless1 (crl1). The crl1 mutant showed additional auxin-related abnormal phenotypic traits in the roots, such as decreased lateral root number, auxin insensitivity in lateral root formation, and impaired root gravitropism, whereas no abnormal phenotypic traits were observed in aboveground organs. Expression of Crl1, which encodes a member of the plant-specific ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES protein family, was localized in tissues where crown and lateral roots are initiated and overlapped with beta-glucuronidase staining controlled by the DR5 promoter. Exogenous auxin treatment induced Crl1 expression without de novo protein biosynthesis, and this induction required the degradation of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins. Crl1 contains two putative auxin response elements (AuxREs) in its promoter region. The proximal AuxRE specifically interacted with a rice AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) and acted as a cis-motif for Crl1 expression. We conclude that Crl1 encodes a positive regulator for crown and lateral root formation and that its expression is directly regulated by an ARF in the auxin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Inukai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sakamoto T, Miura K, Itoh H, Tatsumi T, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Ishiyama K, Kobayashi M, Agrawal GK, Takeda S, Abe K, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Kitano H, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. An overview of gibberellin metabolism enzyme genes and their related mutants in rice. Plant Physiol 2004; 134:1642-53. [PMID: 15075394 PMCID: PMC419838 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.033696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Revised: 12/23/2003] [Accepted: 01/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To enhance our understanding of GA metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa), we intensively screened and identified 29 candidate genes encoding the following GA metabolic enzymes using all available rice DNA databases: ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS), ent-kaurene synthase (KS), ent-kaurene oxidase (KO), ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO), GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox), GA 3-oxidase (GA3ox), and GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox). In contrast to the Arabidopsis genome, multiple CPS-like, KS-like, and KO-like genes were identified in the rice genome, most of which are contiguously arranged. We also identified 18 GA-deficient rice mutants at six different loci from rice mutant collections. Based on the mutant and expression analyses, we demonstrated that the enzymes catalyzing the early steps in the GA biosynthetic pathway (i.e. CPS, KS, KO, and KAO) are mainly encoded by single genes, while those for later steps (i.e. GA20ox, GA3ox, and GA2ox) are encoded by gene families. The remaining CPS-like, KS-like, and KO-like genes were likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of diterpene phytoalexins rather than GAs because the expression of two CPS-like and three KS-like genes (OsCPS2, OsCPS4, OsKS4, OsKS7, and OsKS8) were increased by UV irradiation, and four of these genes (OsCPS2, OsCPS4, OsKS4, and OsKS7) were also induced by an elicitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Field Production Science Center, University of Tokyo, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gomi K, Sasaki A, Itoh H, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Ashikari M, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. GID2, an F-box subunit of the SCF E3 complex, specifically interacts with phosphorylated SLR1 protein and regulates the gibberellin-dependent degradation of SLR1 in rice. Plant J 2004; 37:626-34. [PMID: 14756772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2003.01990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) controls growth and development in plants. Previously, we identified a rice F-box protein, gibberellin-insensitive dwarf2 (GID2), which is essential for GA-mediated DELLA protein degradation. In this study, we analyzed the biological and molecular biological properties of GID2. Expression of GID2 preferentially occurred in rice organs actively synthesizing GA. Domain analysis of GID2 revealed that the C-terminal regions were essential for the GID2 function, but not the N-terminal region. Yeast two-hybrid assay and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that GID2 is a component of the SCF complex through an interaction with a rice ASK1 homolog, OsSkp15. Furthermore, an in vitro pull-down assay revealed that GID2 specifically interacted with the phosphorylated Slender Rice 1 (SLR1). Taken these results together, we conclude that the phosphorylated SLR1 is caught by the SCFGID2 complex through an interacting affinity between GID2 and phosphorylated SLR1, triggering the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SLR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Gomi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Day RB, Tanabe S, Koshioka M, Mitsui T, Itoh H, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M, Kaku H, Shibuya N, Minami E. Two rice GRAS family genes responsive to N -acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor are induced by phytoactive gibberellins: evidence for cross-talk between elicitor and gibberellin signaling in rice cells. Plant Mol Biol 2004; 54:261-272. [PMID: 15159627 DOI: 10.1023/b:plan.0000028792.72343.ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present data showing that two members of the GRAS family of genes from rice, CIGR1 and CIGR2 (chitin-inducible gibberellin-responsive), inducible by the potent elicitor N -acetylchitooligosaccharide (GN), are rapidly induced by exogenous gibberellins. The pattern of mRNA accumulation was dependent on the dose and biological activity of the gibberellins, suggesting that the induction of the genes by gibberellin is mediated by a biological receptor capable of specific recognition and signal transduction upon perception of the phytoactive compounds. Further pharmacological analysis revealed that the CIGR1 and CIGR2 mRNA accumulation by treatment with gibberellin is dependent upon protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events. In rice calli derived from slender rice 1, a constitutive gibberellin-responsive mutant, or d1, a mutant deficient in the alpha -subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein, CIGR1 and CIGR2 were induced by a GN elicitor, yet not by gibberellin. Neither gibberellin nor GN showed related activities in defense or development, respectively. These results strongly suggested that the signal transduction cascade from gibberellin is independent of that from GN, and further implied that CIGR1 and CIGR2 have dual, distinct roles in defense and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bradley Day
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kaneko M, Inukai Y, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Itoh H, Izawa T, Kobayashi Y, Hattori T, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. Loss-of-function mutations of the rice GAMYB gene impair alpha-amylase expression in aleurone and flower development. Plant Cell 2004. [PMID: 14688295 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.017327.the] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
GAMYB was first isolated as a positive transcriptional regulator of gibberellin (GA)-dependent alpha-amylase expression in barley aleurone cells, and its molecular and biochemical properties have been well characterized. However, the role of GAMYB elsewhere in the plant is not well understood. To investigate the molecular function of GAMYB outside of the aleurone cells, we isolated loss-of-function mutants from a panel of rice mutants produced by the insertion of a retrotransposon, Tos17. Through PCR screening using primers for rice GAMYB (OsGAMYB) and Tos17, we isolated three independent mutant alleles that contained Tos17 inserted in the exon region. No alpha-amylase expression in the endosperm was induced in these mutants in response to GA treatment, indicating that the Tos17 insertion had knocked out OsGAMYB function. We found no significant defects in the growth and development of the mutants at the vegetative stage. After the phase transition to the reproductive stage, however, shortened internodes and defects in floral organ development, especially a defect in pollen development, were observed. On the other hand, no difference was detected in flowering time. High-level OsGAMYB expression was detected in the aleurone cells, inflorescence shoot apical region, stamen primordia, and tapetum cells of the anther, but only low-level expression occurred in organs at the vegetative stage or in the elongating stem. These results demonstrate that, in addition to its role in the induction of alpha-amylase in aleurone, OsGAMYB also is important for floral organ development and essential for pollen development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kaneko
- BioScience Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kaneko M, Inukai Y, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Itoh H, Izawa T, Kobayashi Y, Hattori T, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. Loss-of-function mutations of the rice GAMYB gene impair alpha-amylase expression in aleurone and flower development. Plant Cell 2004; 16:33-44. [PMID: 14688295 PMCID: PMC301393 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.017327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2003] [Accepted: 10/27/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
GAMYB was first isolated as a positive transcriptional regulator of gibberellin (GA)-dependent alpha-amylase expression in barley aleurone cells, and its molecular and biochemical properties have been well characterized. However, the role of GAMYB elsewhere in the plant is not well understood. To investigate the molecular function of GAMYB outside of the aleurone cells, we isolated loss-of-function mutants from a panel of rice mutants produced by the insertion of a retrotransposon, Tos17. Through PCR screening using primers for rice GAMYB (OsGAMYB) and Tos17, we isolated three independent mutant alleles that contained Tos17 inserted in the exon region. No alpha-amylase expression in the endosperm was induced in these mutants in response to GA treatment, indicating that the Tos17 insertion had knocked out OsGAMYB function. We found no significant defects in the growth and development of the mutants at the vegetative stage. After the phase transition to the reproductive stage, however, shortened internodes and defects in floral organ development, especially a defect in pollen development, were observed. On the other hand, no difference was detected in flowering time. High-level OsGAMYB expression was detected in the aleurone cells, inflorescence shoot apical region, stamen primordia, and tapetum cells of the anther, but only low-level expression occurred in organs at the vegetative stage or in the elongating stem. These results demonstrate that, in addition to its role in the induction of alpha-amylase in aleurone, OsGAMYB also is important for floral organ development and essential for pollen development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kaneko
- BioScience Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hong Z, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Umemura K, Uozu S, Fujioka S, Takatsuto S, Yoshida S, Ashikari M, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. A rice brassinosteroid-deficient mutant, ebisu dwarf (d2), is caused by a loss of function of a new member of cytochrome P450. Plant Cell 2003; 15:2900-10. [PMID: 14615594 PMCID: PMC282825 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.014712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2003] [Accepted: 09/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We characterized a rice dwarf mutant, ebisu dwarf (d2). It showed the pleiotropic abnormal phenotype similar to that of the rice brassinosteroid (BR)-insensitive mutant, d61. The dwarf phenotype of d2 was rescued by exogenous brassinolide treatment. The accumulation profile of BR intermediates in the d2 mutants confirmed that these plants are deficient in late BR biosynthesis. We cloned the D2 gene by map-based cloning. The D2 gene encoded a novel cytochrome P450 classified in CYP90D that is highly similar to the reported BR synthesis enzymes. Introduction of the wild D2 gene into d2-1 rescued the abnormal phenotype of the mutants. In feeding experiments, 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone, 3-dehydroteasterone, and brassinolide effectively caused the lamina joints of the d2 plants to bend, whereas more upstream compounds did not cause bending. Based on these results, we conclude that D2/CYP90D2 catalyzes the steps from 6-deoxoteasterone to 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone and from teasterone to 3-dehydroteasterone in the late BR biosynthesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hong
- BioScience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kaneko M, Itoh H, Inukai Y, Sakamoto T, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. Where do gibberellin biosynthesis and gibberellin signaling occur in rice plants? Plant J 2003; 35:104-15. [PMID: 12834406 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To identify where gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and signaling occur, we analyzed the expression of four genes involved in GA biosynthesis, GA 20-oxidase1 and GA 20-oxidase2 (OsGA20ox1 and OsGA20ox2), and GA 3-oxidase1 and GA 3-oxidase2 (OsGA3ox1 and OsGA3ox2), and two genes involved in GA signaling, namely, the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (Galpha), and SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), which encodes a repressor of GA signaling. At the vegetative stage, the expression of OsGA20ox2, OsGA3ox2, Galpha, and SLR1 was observed in rapidly elongating or dividing organs and tissues, whereas the expression of OsGA20ox1 or OsGA3ox1 could not be detected. At the inflorescence or floral stage, the expression of OsGA20ox2, OsGA3ox2, Galpha, and SLR1 was also observed in the shoot meristems and stamen primordia. The overlapping expression of genes for GA biosynthesis and signaling indicates that in these tissues and organs, active GA biosynthesis occurs at the same site as does GA signaling. In contrast, no GA-biosynthesis genes were expressed in the aleurone cells of the endosperm; however, the two GA-signaling genes were actively expressed, indicating that the aleurone does not produce bioactive GAs, but can perceive GAs. The expression of OsGA20ox1 and OsGA3ox1 was observed only in the epithelium of the embryo and the tapetum of the anther. Based on the specific expression pattern of OsGA20ox1 and OsGA3ox1 in these tissues, we discuss the unique nature of the epithelium and the tapetum in terms of GA biosynthesis. The epithelium and the tapetum are considered to be an important source of bioactive GAs for aleurone and other organs of the flower, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kaneko
- BioScience Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|