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Kaur N, Pati PK. Retron Library Recombineering: Next Powerful Tool for Genome Editing after CRISPR/Cas. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1019-1025. [PMID: 38480006 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Retron library recombineering (RLR) is a powerful tool in the field of genome editing that exceeds the scope and specificity of the CRISPR/Cas technique. In RLR, single-stranded DNA produced in vivo by harnessing the in-built potential of bacterial retrons is used for replication-dependent genome editing. RLR introduces several genomic variations at once, resulting in pooled and barcoded variant libraries, thus permitting multiplexed applications. Retron-generated RT-DNA has already shown promise for use in genome editing. Thus, this new tool will result in fresh, intriguing, and surprising developments in molecular biology and its juncture with other disciplines of research, including medicine, agriculture, and microbiology. In this review, we discuss the current state of this brand-new tool that could eventually boost genome editing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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Kaur N, Saini S, Gupta A. Comparative evaluation of blind supraglottic airway device insertion versus videolaryngoscope-guided technique in adults undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Expert Rev Med Devices 2024; 21:317-324. [PMID: 38623726 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2024.2343423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A videolaryngoscope may decrease the high incidence of aberrant positioning of supraglottic airway devices (SAD) inserted with blind techniques. We aimed to compare Igel insertion characteristics between blind and videolaryngoscope-assisted techniques. METHODS In this study 70 adult patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into blind (Group B, n = 35) and videolaryngoscope-guided (Group V, n = 35) Igel insertion. Oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP), fiber-optic view score, time for device insertion, first attempt success, ease of insertion, ventilation score, maneuvers, and adverse events were assessed. RESULTS OLP was significantly higher in group V at 1 and 10 minutes (24.80 ± 1.91 vs 21.71 ± 2.37; p < 0.001 and 32.60 ± 2.32 vs 30.68 ± 2.93; p = 0.006). The mean fiberoptic scoring (3.63 ± 0.49 vs 3.38 ± 0.49; p = 0.043), a fibreoptic score of grade 4 (24 vs 13; p = 0.012) and time-to-device insertion (25.6 ± 3.5 vs 21.7 ± 4.1; p < 0.001) was considerably higher in group V. First-attempt success (p = 0.630), ease of insertion of SAD (p = 0.540) and nasogastric tube (p = 1), ventilation score (p = 1), number of maneuvers required (p = 1), number of attempts (p = 0.592) and postoperative complications (p = 0.800) were comparable in the two groups. CONCLUSION The videolaryngoscope-guided technique provided superior airway sealing and reduced malposition of Igel without an increase in adverse events compared to the blind technique. However, this was at the cost of increased time of device insertion. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ctri.nic.in identifier is CTRI/2022/10/046269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, VMMC and SJH Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Suman Saini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, VMMC and SJH Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Anju Gupta
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Medicine, and Critical Care, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Chang CY, Kaur N, Prado-Rivera R, Lai CY, Radu D. Size-Controlled Cu 3VSe 4 Nanocrystals as Cathode Material in Platinum-Free Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:13719-13728. [PMID: 38459614 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report the first single-step, size-controlled synthesis of Cu3VSe4 cuboidal nanocrystals, with the longest dimension ranging from 9 to 36 nm, and their use in replacing the platinum counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. Cu3VSe4, a ternary semiconductor from the class of sulvanites, is theoretically predicted to have good hole mobility, making it a promising candidate for charge transport in solar photovoltaic devices. The identity and crystalline purity of the Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals were validated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The particle size was determined from the XRD data using the Williamson-Hall equation and was found in agreement with the transmission electron microscopy imaging. Based on the electrochemical activity of the Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals, studied by cyclic voltammetry, the nanomaterials were further employed for fabricating counter electrodes (CEs) in Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells. The counter electrodes were prepared from Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals as thin films, and the charge transfer kinetics were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The work demonstrates that Cu3VSe4 counter electrodes successfully replace platinum in DSSCs. CEs fabricated with the Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals having an average particle size of 31.6 nm outperformed Pt, leading to DSSCs with the highest power conversion efficiency (5.93%) when compared with those fabricated with the Pt CE (5.85%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Roberto Prado-Rivera
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Cheng-Yu Lai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Daniela Radu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
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Jennings LK, Kaur N, Ramos MC, Reyes F, Reddy MM, Thomas OP. Highly Concentrated Linear Guanidine Amides from the Marine Sipunculid Phascolosoma granulatum. J Nat Prod 2024. [PMID: 38430199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The chemical diversity of annelids, particularly those belonging to the class Sipuncula, remains largely unexplored. However, as part of a Marine Biodiscovery program in Ireland, the peanut worm Phascolosoma granulatum emerged as a promising source of unique metabolites. The purification of the MeOH/CH2Cl2 extract of this species led to the isolation of six new linear guanidine amides, named phascolosomines A-F (1-6). NMR analysis allowed for the elucidation of their structures, all of which feature a terminal guanidine, central amide linkage, and a terminal isobutyl group. Notably, these guanidine amides were present in unusually high concentrations, comprising ∼3% of the dry mass of the organism. The primary concentration of the phascolosomines in the viscera is similar to that previously identified in linear amides from sipunculid worms and marine fireworms. The compounds from sipunculid worms have been hypothesized to be toxins, while those from fireworms are reported to be defensive irritants. However, screening of the newly isolated compounds for inhibitory bioactivity showed no significant inhibition in any of the assays conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence K Jennings
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Maria C Ramos
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avda. del Conocimiento 34, Edificio Centro de Desarrollo Farmacéutico y Alimentario, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avda. del Conocimiento 34, Edificio Centro de Desarrollo Farmacéutico y Alimentario, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maggie M Reddy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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Ranjan J, Wander A, Kaur N, Sharma B, Kant K, Aggarwal A. Atypical Presentation Resembling Acute Leukoencephalopathy With Restricted Diffusion in Staphylococcus aureus Meningoencephalitis. Cureus 2024; 16:e55517. [PMID: 38449914 PMCID: PMC10915905 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningoencephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain and meninges. It can be caused by various organisms, such as Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and so on. Staphylococcus aureus causing meningoencephalitis is relatively rare. It is mainly encountered in patients who have undergone surgeries in the past. Acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (ALERD) is a type of encephalopathy that can involve both white and grey matter of the brain, and it has a characteristic "bright tree appearance" on MRI. It can be because of various infectious etiologies or caused by various toxins. Neurological sequelae are observed in about two out of three cases. Here, we describe a case of S. aureus meningoencephalitis with ALERD, which has been seldom reported. More awareness about this is required among primary care physicians for timely diagnosis and management to prevent any complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Ranjan
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Bathinda, IND
| | - Arvinder Wander
- Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Bathinda, IND
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Bathinda, IND
| | - Bhawna Sharma
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Bathinda, IND
| | - Kamla Kant
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Bathinda, IND
| | - Akriti Aggarwal
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Bathinda, IND
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Kaur A, Dhoat PS, Kaur N, Sahoo SS. Knowledge, Awareness, and Determinants of Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study in North India. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S118-S121. [PMID: 38595606 PMCID: PMC11000863 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_406_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge and awareness studies reveal the basic information of the community and the misconceptions in relation to practices of a disease. The identification of such factors is important as they directly influence the health care-related interventions. Hypertension is one of the emerging noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally. So, we conducted this study to assess the status of our community regarding hypertension. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 300 hypertensive patients to assess the knowledge and awareness by a hypertension fact questionnaire. Medication adherence was assessed in the same group of patients by Hill-Bone scale-a uniform scale used worldwide. Results Our study revealed a greater number of females with hypertension as compared to males and a maximum number of patients being in the age-group of 61-70 years and belonging to rural areas. Most of the patients had a secondary education as a highest educational qualification with only 10% of patients being postgraduates. A fair number of patients had a good knowledge and awareness about their disease, and most of the respondents accounted forgetfulness as a main reason for nonadherence to therapy over other reasons. Conclusion Our population has good knowledge and awareness about their disease despite not having very good educational qualifications, and we need to strengthen our healthcare programs for even more greater dissemination of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti S. Dhoat
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Soumya S. Sahoo
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Singh G, Kaur N, Khanna R, Kaur R, Gudi S, Kaur R, Sidhu N, Vikal Y, Mangat GS. 2Gs and plant architecture: breaking grain yield ceiling through breeding approaches for next wave of revolution in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:139-162. [PMID: 36176065 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2112648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rice is a principal food crop for more than half of the global population. Grain number and grain weight (2Gs) are the two complex traits controlled by several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and are considered the most critical components for yield enhancement in rice. Novel molecular biology and QTL mapping strategies can be utilized in dissecting the complex genetic architecture of these traits. Discovering the valuable genes/QTLs associated with 2Gs traits hidden in the rice genome and utilizing them in breeding programs may bring a revolution in rice production. Furthermore, the positional cloning and functional characterization of identified genes and QTLs may aid in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the 2Gs traits. In addition, knowledge of modern genomic tools aids the understanding of the nature of plant and panicle architecture, which enhances their photosynthetic activity. Rice researchers continue to combine important yield component traits (including 2Gs for the yield ceiling) by utilizing modern breeding tools, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), haplotype-based breeding, and allele mining. Physical co-localization of GW7 (for grain weight) and DEP2 (for grain number) genes present on chromosome 7 revealed the possibility of simultaneous introgression of these two genes, if desirable allelic variants were found in the single donor parent. This review article will reveal the genetic nature of 2Gs traits and use this knowledge to break the yield ceiling by using different breeding and biotechnological tools, which will sustain the world's food requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Renu Khanna
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Santosh Gudi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rajvir Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navjot Sidhu
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - G S Mangat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Kaur N, Singh P. A coronene diimide based radical anion for detection of picomolar H 2O 2: a biochemical assay for detection of picomolar glucose in aqueous medium. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1043-1051. [PMID: 38214029 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02473c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Coronene diimide functionalized with 4-(2-nitrovinyl)phenyl (CDI 2) serves as a precursor for generating a stable radical anion (CDI 2˙-) using H2S as a reductant in 40% H2O-THF solution in the NIR region with stability up to >50 min. The optical, cyclic voltammetry (CV), current-voltage (I-V) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies revealed the formation of the radical anion (CDI 2˙-). The addition of a strong oxidant NOBF4 quenches the radical anion (CDI 2˙-). The aggregation studies revealed that CDI 2 exists in the aggregated state in 40% H2O-THF solution, which points to the possibility of stabilization of the radical anion in the aggregates. The radical anion (CDI 2˙-) was explored for the detection of 58.27 pM H2O2 in aqueous medium with the naked eye colour change from green to light yellow. The biochemical assay involving the radical anion (CDI 2˙-) and glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme can be used for the detection of 16 pM (UV-vis method) and 82.4 pM (fluorescence method) glucose. The naked eye colour change from green to light yellow (daylight) and a colorless non-fluorescent solution to a green fluorescent solution (365 nm) allow the detection of 1 nM glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001 (pb.), India.
| | - Prabhpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001 (pb.), India.
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Chhikara A, Kaur N, Wolke EB, Boes EA, Nguyen AM, Ariyarathna JP, Baskaran P, Villa CE, Pham AH, Kremenets VJ, Kutcher SR, Truong JT, Li W. Olefin Difunctionalization for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline, Morpholine, Piperazine, and Azepane. Org Lett 2024; 26:84-88. [PMID: 38171009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This report outlines a versatile strategy for synthesizing a diverse array of N-heterocycles. By the utilization of common olefins, this simple protocol facilitates their coupling with various bifunctional reagents. Furthermore, it can be integrated with C-H amination techniques to directly produce N-heterocycles in a multicomponent cascade coupling process. The unique bond disconnection logic employed in this process underscores its efficiency in achieving rapid simplification through cascade couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Chhikara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Ernest B Wolke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Emily A Boes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Alex M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Jeewani P Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Prabagar Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Chloe E Villa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Anthony H Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Victoria J Kremenets
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sydney R Kutcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Jonathon T Truong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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Hamsah E, Robinson F, Hayati F, Arsat N, Kaur N, Sriram RK, Subramaniam S, Kandasami ND, Lai CK, Abd Karim K. Links between socio-demographic characteristics and body mass index to colorectal cancer in North Borneo, Malaysia: A case-control study. Med J Malaysia 2023; 78:876-882. [PMID: 38159921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Numerous reasons have contributed to the massive rise in CRC cases, for which Asian nations differ significantly in terms of risk incidence rates. The objectives of this study were to, first, identify the socio-demographic characteristics of those of North Borneo ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) and, second, determine the association of these factors with CRC. This research will contribute to preventing this form of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is an analysis of a matched case-control study with a ratio of 1:2. The case group contained 206 respondents, and the control group contained 412. All CRC cases were confirmed with the histological results. The control group was matched for links between age, sex and ethnicity with CRC. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistics (SPSS) IBM version 28.0 was used to conduct descriptive analysis using chi-squared testing and simple logistic regression. The statistical significance was P < 0.05. RESULT Overall, 618 respondents took part in this survey, of which 256 (41.4%) were female and 362 (58.6%) were male. The maximum age was 76, with a mean age ± SD of 53.17 ± 11.4. Those of Bajau ethnicity comprised 24.6% (152) of the population, followed by Dusun with 22.8% (141), Kadazan with 17.6% (109%), other North Borneo ethnic groups with 15.5% (96), Bugis with 9.7% (60), Brunei with 4.4% (27) and other predominant races with 5.3% (33). Regression analyses revealed that the incidence of CRC in North Borneo, Malaysia, was substantially correlated with income, occupation, other linked diseases and BMI. CONCLUSION Various risk factors are linked to CRC, based on the findings related to socio-demographic characteristics and BMI. Therefore, to lower the nationwide prevalence of CRC, national public health campaigns should include collaboration with the regional authorities to highlight the incidence and risk factors of CRC based on ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hamsah
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - F Robinson
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - F Hayati
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - N Arsat
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - N Kaur
- Sabah Health State Department, Department of Public Health, Non-Communicable Unit, Ministry of Health, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - R K Sriram
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Surgical, Colorectal Unit, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - S Subramaniam
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Surgical, Colorectal Unit, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - N D Kandasami
- Keningau Hospital, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Keningau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - C K Lai
- Sandakan Hospital, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - K Abd Karim
- Teluk Intan Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia
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Kaur N, Sardana S, Mahajan A, Kumar S, Singh P. Perylene diimide-based radical anions for the rapid detection of picomolar H 2O 2 in an aqueous medium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38015427 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The formation of radical anions (PDI 1˙-) using H2S as a sacrificial electron donor in 50% HEPES buffer-THF solution is reported. PDI 1˙- was confirmed by optical, I-V plot, CV, DPV, NOBF4 and EPR studies. PDI 1˙- has a half-life of 96 minutes in solution and 11 days in the solid state without any additive. The formation of PDI 1˙- was confirmed by AFM and SEM. PDI 1˙- can be used for the detection of 26.6 pM of H2O2 supported by optical and CV data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India.
| | - Sagar Sardana
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Aman Mahajan
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India.
| | - Prabhpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India.
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Brar KS, Trivedi C, Kaur N, Adnan M, Patel H, Beg U, Qureshi M, Mansuri Z, Ibrahim A, Zafar MK. Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients With Neurofibromatosis. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2023; 25:23m03514. [PMID: 37816254 DOI: 10.4088/pcc.23m03514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with neurofibromatosis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used the 2010-2014 National Inpatient Sample database. Patients ≥ 18 years of age with a primary or secondary diagnosis of neurofibromatosis and psychiatric comorbidities were queried. Results: A total of 43,270 patients with a mean age of 48.7 years (female: 55.7%, White: 70.1%) were included in the study. Overall, psychiatric comorbidities were present in 46.5% of patients; mood disorders (22.1%) and anxiety disorders (12.2%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. Although previous studies report prevalence rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in up to 50% of patients with neurofibromatosis, our study found that the rate was much lower at 1.10%. Female sex and non-White race were less associated with psychiatric comorbidities (odds ratio = 0.868 [P = .003] and 0.689 [P < .001], respectively). The moderate-to-extreme loss of function illness severity category was associated with 1.35-times higher odds of having psychiatric comorbidities compared to mild-to-moderate or no loss of function (P < .001). The total length of stay was similar in patients with and without psychiatric comorbidities (mean = 4.98 [95% CI, 4.72-5.24] vs mean = 4.83 [95% CI, 4.60-5.07], respectively; P = .34). Conclusions: In adult patients with neurofibromatosis, 46.5% were found to have at least one psychiatric comorbid diagnosis. The most frequent psychiatric comorbid disorders were mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Female sex and non-White race predicted a lower likelihood of having a psychiatric disorder. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2023;25(5):23m03514. Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwarjeet S Brar
- Mindpath Health, Manteca, California
- Corresponding Author: Kanwarjeet Singh Brar, MD, 142 Grant Ave #142, Manteca, CA 95336
| | - Chintan Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa/Permian Basin, Texas
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mahwish Adnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa/Permian Basin, Texas
| | - Hiren Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Uzma Beg
- Department of Psychiatry, Piedmont Hospital, Macon, Georgia
| | - Mustafa Qureshi
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University Ball Memorial Hospital, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Zeeshan Mansuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ranawat P, Kaur N, Koul A. Modulation of cigarette smoke induced alterations by aqueous Ocimum sanctum leaf extract in pulmonary tissue of rodents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15806. [PMID: 37737272 PMCID: PMC10517011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking has been associated with an increased risk of asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic bronchitis, and a massive amount of oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to determine the modulatory effects of Holi Basil/Tulsi, (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract on cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary damage in mice. Cigarette smoke (CS) inhalation increased the levels of pulmonary lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species and decreased the levels of glutathione. Histoarchitectural alterations and enhanced tissue lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in pulmonary tissue was distinctly indicative of damage. Enhanced mucin production was also observed through mucicarmine and Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Increased expression of MUC5AC was also observed. Alterations in the lung were also evident through FTIR studies. Administration of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract (80 mg/kg b.w) to CS exposed mice ameliorated these alterations to a greater extent. These findings are suggestive of the fact that Ocimum sanctum leaf extract effectively modulated CS-induced deleterious effects on pulmonary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Ranawat
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ashwani Koul
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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14
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Gupta P, Kaur N, Goyal A, Aggarwal A. Atypical Asymmetric Presentation of Severe Graves' Orbitopathy. Cureus 2023; 15:e45907. [PMID: 37885564 PMCID: PMC10599092 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease is a self-limiting autoimmune thyroid disorder caused by stimulating antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. It usually affects middle-aged females in the fourth to sixth decade of life. It is distinguished by keratopathy, chemosis, proptosis, and eyelid swelling, in addition to ocular discomfort. A total of 3-5% of cases present with a severe form of Graves' orbitopathy, which manifests with diminution of vision, optic nerve compression, optic neuropathy, and exposure keratopathy. We describe a case of a 34-year-old female patient who presented with the chief complaint of rapid deterioration of vision over a period of three months in the right eye. Ocular examination revealed proptosis, widened palpebral aperture, elevation of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in the upgaze, restricted eye movements, and signs of optic nerve compression. Findings were confirmed on a CT scan of the orbit. The unusual presentation in this case was that she had rapid, significant deterioration of vision in the right eye, with a progression of proptosis more marked in the contralateral eye. This underlies the importance of thoroughly examining for any possible orbital apex syndrome in both eyes, not just the eye with marked proptosis. The patient, being reluctant for orbital decompression, was prescribed IV methylprednisolone 1 g for three consecutive days, which reduced her proptosis and improved her vision. This acted as a temporary measure to increase the duration of the surgical window until the time the patient undergoes the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, IND
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, IND
| | - Aman Goyal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, IND
| | - Anupriya Aggarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, IND
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15
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Kaur A, Kaur N, Madhukar M. Assessment of Corrected QT Interval and QT Dispersion in Patients with Uncomplicated Metabolic Syndrome. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S1097-S1100. [PMID: 37693981 PMCID: PMC10485503 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_207_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Metabolic syndrome (MS) itself has become a new entity being a constellation of physiological, biochemical, metabolic, and clinical factors that have been related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and morbidity and mortality. The burden of MS is increasing all over the world with the current prevalence being 30%. The QT interval and QT dispersion (QTd) have been long associated with ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac deaths. The association between QT and diabetes and healthy subjects has been clearly studied, but the association between QT and uncomplicated MS has not been very well defined. Methods A total of 400 patients visiting the medicine clinics were assessed for blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, fasting serum lipid profile, FBS, and electrocardiogram (ECG). The patients diagnosed with uncomplicated MS as per the International Diabetic Federation (IDF) criteria were included in the study. QT interval in the ECG was recorded, and the relationship between various parameters of an uncomplicated MetS and the QT interval was recorded. Results Our study revealed more females with uncomplicated MS as compared to males and increasing burden as age progressed. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), WHP, systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were positively correlated with QT values. Conclusion QT interval, a strong predictor of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deaths, is associated with uncomplicated MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mohit Madhukar
- Department of Pathology, District Hospital, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Kaur N, Jois H, Tyro D, Subramanya Sharma S, Kaur Mann S, Zeya A. Diverse oral mutilation. Br Dent J 2023; 235:11. [PMID: 37443208 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kaur
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | - H Jois
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | - D Tyro
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | | | | | - A Zeya
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda, India.
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17
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Kaur A, Madhukar M, Dhoat PS, Kaur N. Anthropometric Indices and its Association with Hypertension in Indian Population: A Study from Tertiary Care Center of North India. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S312-S314. [PMID: 37654358 PMCID: PMC10466672 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_417_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anthropometric indices such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist hip ratio (WHR) have been used for a long time as a measure of obesity and abdominal fat and the relationship between these indices and hypertension has been well established. But these indices cannot discriminate between fat and muscle mass, leaving a greater population not categorized adequately. Recent studies have also demonstrated that not only the amount of fat but also the distribution of fat is important in hypertensive patients. So, new indices have come up through various studies to overcome this lag. The indices ABSI-Body shape index and BRI-Body roundness index are now being increasingly used to assess the risk of hypertension. Very few studies have been conducted on the Indian population in relation to this index. Material and Methods The study included 700 patients with hypertension visiting the medicine outpatient department (OPD). Anthropometric indices-Height, weight, WC, HC, and WHR were calculated. The indices ABSI-Body shape index and BRI-Body roundness index were calculated as per the respective formulas. The comparison of various indices of anthropometry and hypertension was done as per the statistical analysis. Results Our study concluded the positive correlation of hypertension with older as well as newer hypertensive indices. Conclusion Early screening for the detection of hypertensives should be carried out to ease the disease burden and the anthropometric indices being a cost-effective and easy-to-conduct method can be used to facilitate the detection of hypertension. Appropriate lifestyle interventions should be promoted to decrease the prevalence of hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mohit Madhukar
- Department of Pathology, Civil Hospital, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Singh Dhoat
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Punjab, India
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18
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Kaur N, Kaur Mann S. Implantable pacemaker for tongue-neuromodulation. Br Dent J 2023; 235:79-80. [PMID: 37500838 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kaur
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Telangana, India.
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19
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Wilson TG, Baghel M, Kaur N, Moutzouros V, Davis J, Ali SA. Characterization of miR-335-5p and miR-335-3p in human osteoarthritic tissues. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:105. [PMID: 37328905 PMCID: PMC10273720 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the expression patterns, gene targets, and functional effects of miR-335-5p and miR-335-3p among seven primary human knee and hip osteoarthritic tissue types. METHODS We collected synovial fluid, subchondral bone, articular cartilage, synovium, meniscus/labrum, infrapatellar/acetabular fat, anterior cruciate ligament/ligamentum teres, and vastus medialis oblique/quadratus femoris muscle (n = 7-20) from surgical patients with early- or late-stage osteoarthritis (OA) and quantified miR-335-5p and miR-335-3p expression by real-time PCR. Predicted gene targets were measured in knee OA infrapatellar fat following miRNA inhibitor transfection (n = 3), and prioritized gene targets were validated following miRNA inhibitor and mimic transfection (n = 6). Following pathway analyses, we performed Oil-Red-O staining to assess changes in total lipid content in infrapatellar fat. RESULTS Showing a 227-fold increase in knee OA infrapatellar fat (the highest expressing tissue) versus meniscus (the lowest expressing tissue), miR-335-5p was more abundant than miR-335-3p (92-fold increase). MiR-335-5p showed higher expression across knee tissues versus hip tissues, and in late-stage versus early-stage knee OA fat. Exploring candidate genes, VCAM1 and MMP13 were identified as putative direct targets of miR-335-5p and miR-335-3p, respectively, showing downregulation with miRNA mimic transfection. Exploring candidate pathways, predicted miR-335-5p gene targets were enriched in a canonical adipogenesis network (p = 2.1e - 5). Modulation of miR-335-5p in late-stage knee OA fat showed an inverse relationship to total lipid content. CONCLUSION Our data suggest both miR-335-5p and miR-335-3p regulate gene targets in late-stage knee OA infrapatellar fat, though miR-335-5p appears to be more prominent, with tissue-, joint-, and stage-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Wilson
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Madhu Baghel
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Jason Davis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shabana Amanda Ali
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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20
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Marothia D, Kaur N, Jhamat C, Sharma I, Pati PK. Plant lectins: Classical molecules with emerging roles in stress tolerance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125272. [PMID: 37301347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses impose adverse effects on plant's development, growth, and production. For the past many years, researchers are trying to understand the stress induced responses in plants and decipher strategies to produce stress tolerant crops. It has been demonstrated that molecular networks encompassing an array of genes and functional proteins play a key role in generating responses to combat different stresses. Newly, there has been a resurgence of interest to explore the role of lectins in modulating various biological responses in plants. Lectins are naturally occurring proteins that form reversible linkages with their respective glycoconjugates. To date, several plant lectins have been recognized and functionally characterized. However, their involvement in stress tolerance is yet to be comprehensively analyzed in greater detail. The availability of biological resources, modern experimental tools, and assay systems has provided a fresh impetus for plant lectin research. Against this backdrop, the present review provides background information on plant lectins and recent knowledge on their crosstalks with other regulatory mechanisms, which play a remarkable role in plant stress amelioration. It also highlights their versatile role and suggests that adding more information to this under-explored area will usher in a new era of crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Marothia
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Chetna Jhamat
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ipsa Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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21
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Kaur N, Ganesh M, Ayesha H, Parihar VS, Sharma SS. Dentistry changes life. Br Dent J 2023; 234:843. [PMID: 37349414 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kaur
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | - M Ganesh
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | - H Ayesha
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | | | - S S Sharma
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
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22
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Ariyarathna JP, Baskaran P, Chhikara A, Kaur N, Nguyen AM, Premathilaka SM, Huynh MM, Truong JT, Li W. Tunable [3+2] and [4+2] annulations for pyrrolidine and piperidine synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6418-6421. [PMID: 37161704 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01400b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocycles are privileged pharmaceutical scaffolds in drug discovery and development. We disclose here divergent intermolecular coupling strategies that can access diverse N-heterocycles directly from olefins. The radical-to-polar mechanistic switching is key for the divergent cyclization processes. These distinctive annulations result in the coupling of alkenes with simple bifunctional reagents for divergent N-heterocycle syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewani P Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Prabagar Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Akanksha Chhikara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Alex M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Shashini M Premathilaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Michelle M Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Jonathon T Truong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
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23
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Kaur N, Kour R, Kaur S, Singh P. Perylene diimide-based sensors for multiple analyte sensing (Fe 2+/H 2S/ dopamine and Hg 2+/Fe 2+): cell imaging and INH, XOR, and encoder logic. Anal Methods 2023; 15:2391-2398. [PMID: 37139593 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we present our results on the recognition of multiple analytes using trisubstituted PDI-based chemosensors DNP and DNB in 50% HEPES buffered-CH3CN solution. Upon the addition of Hg2+, DNB showed a decrease and increase in absorbance intensity at 560 and 590 nm, respectively, with a detection limit of 7.17 μM and bleaching of the violet color (de-butynoxy). Similarly, the addition of Fe2+ or H2S to the solution of DNP or DNB resulted in ratiometric changes (A688nm/A560nm) with respective detection limits of 185 nM and 27.6 nM for Fe2+, respectively, and a color change from violet to green. However, the addition of >37 μM H2S caused a decrease in absorbance at 688 nm with a concomitant blue shift to 634 nm. Upon the addition of dopamine, the DNP + Fe2+ assay showed ratiometric (A560nm/A688nm) changes within 10 s along with a color change from green to violet. Moreover, DNP has been successfully used for the exogenous detection of Fe2+ in A549 cells. Further, the multiple outputs observed with DNP in the presence of H2S have been used to construct NOR, XOR, INH and 4-to-2 encoder logic gates and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001 (Pb.), India.
| | - Rasdeep Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001 (Pb.), India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001 (Pb.), India
| | - Prabhpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143001 (Pb.), India.
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Kaur N, LaForce G, Mallela DP, Saha PP, Buffa J, Li XS, Sangwan N, Rothenberg K, Zhu W. Exploratory Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals the Role of Gut Microbiota in Vascular Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098091. [PMID: 37175797 PMCID: PMC10178712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of cognitive impairment and dementia. Vascular dementia (VaD), a cognitive impairment following a stroke, is common and significantly impacts the quality of life. We recently demonstrated via gut microbe transplant studies that the gut microbe-dependent trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) pathway impacts stroke severity, both infarct size and long-term cognitive outcomes. However, the molecular mechanisms that underly the role of the microbiome in VaD have not been explored in depth. To address this issue, we performed a comprehensive RNA-sequencing analysis to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes in the ischemic cerebral cortex of mouse brains at pre-stroke and post-stroke day 1 and day 3. A total of 4016, 3752 and 7861 DE genes were identified at pre-stroke and post-stroke day 1 and day 3, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated pathways of neurodegeneration in multiple diseases, chemokine signaling, calcium signaling, and IL-17 signaling as the key enriched pathways. Inflammatory response genes interleukin-1 beta (Il-1β), chemokines (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (Cxcl10), chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2)), and immune system genes (S100 calcium binding protein 8 (S100a8), lipocalin-2 (Lcn2)) were among the most significantly upregulated genes. Hypocretin neuropeptide precursor (Hcrt), a neuropeptide, and transcription factors such as neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), GATA binding protein 3 (Gata3), and paired box 7 (Pax7) were among the most significantly downregulated genes. In conclusion, our results indicate that higher plasma TMAO levels induce differential mRNA expression profiles in the ischemic brain tissue in our pre-clinical stroke model, and the predicted pathways provide the molecular basis for regulating the TMAO-enhanced neuroinflammatory response in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Geneva LaForce
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Deepthi P Mallela
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Prasenjit Prasad Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer Buffa
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Microbial Sequencing & Analytics Resource (MSAAR) Facility, Shared Laboratory Resources (SLR), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kasia Rothenberg
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Weifei Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Kaur N, Tyro K, Nelson N, Mann S, Sharma SS, Zeya A. Sunroof injuries. Br Dent J 2023; 234:556. [PMID: 37117337 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kaur
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | - K Tyro
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | - N Nelson
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | - S Mann
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | - S S Sharma
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
| | - A Zeya
- Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India.
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Kaur N, Singh P. Modelling of Speech Parameters of Punjabi by Pre-Trained Deep Neural Network using Stacked Denoising Autoencoders. ACM T ASIAN LOW-RESO 2023. [DOI: 10.1145/3568308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Statistical parametric speech synthesis (SPSS) techniques of speech synthesis such as deep neural network (DNN) and hidden markov model (HMM) have grown popularity since last decade over the concatenative speech synthesis approaches by modelling excitation and spectral parameters of speech to synthesize the waveforms from the written text. Due to inappropriate acoustic modelling, speech synthesized using HMM-based speech synthesis sounds muffled. DNN tried to improve the acoustic model by replacing decision trees in HMM with powerful regression model. Further, the performance of a deep neural network is greatly enhanced using pre-learning either restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) or autoencoders. Although RBMs are capable to map multi-modal property of speech but results in spectral distortion of synthesized speech waveforms as non-consideration of reconstruction error. This article proposed the model of deep neural network which is pre-trained using stacked denoising autoencoders (SDA) to map speech parameters of Punjabi language. Denoising autoencoders work by adding noise in the training data and then reconstructing the original measurements to reduce the reconstruction error. The synthesized voice using the proposed model showed the VARN of 0.82, F0 RMSE (Hz) 9.03 and V/UV error rate of 4.04% have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Government Polytechnic College for Girls, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Parminder Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India
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Toor J, Kaur N. Comparative economic analysis of local and crossbred cow rearing in rural areas. JLivestSci 2023. [DOI: 10.33259/jlivestsci.2023.65-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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28
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Drouin S, Rizkallah É, Conus F, Larney S, Kaur N, Djignefa Djade C, Jutras-Aswad D. Association Between Markers of Vulnerability for Cannabis-Related Harms and Source of Supply: Secondary Analysis of a Representative Population Survey. Can J Psychiatry 2023; 68:109-118. [PMID: 36168206 PMCID: PMC9923133 DOI: 10.1177/07067437221128470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2018, the sale of non-medical cannabis was authorized in the province of Quebec in Canada, within a public monopoly under the Société Québécoise du Cannabis (SQDC). The objective of this study was to offer a description of the cannabis-using population regarding the sources of cannabis supply and to explore whether at-risk individuals are purchasing cannabis at SQDC. METHOD We used data from a cross-sectional, representative population survey (age >18 years, n = 1799), the Enquête Québécoise sur le Cannabis, which was completed between February and June 2019. Analyses involved adjusted binary logistic regressions, incorporating population weights, to assess 7 potential indicators of harm. RESULTS The vulnerability profiles of SQDC consumers (47.8%) and those acquiring their cannabis elsewhere (52.2%) were similar in terms of frequency of cannabis use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12-1.67), motivation to use (aOR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.16-2.46), concomitant consumption of other substances (aOR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.14-4.75), cannabis-impaired driving behaviours (aOR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.26-3.36), psychological distress (aOR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.26-3.79), and problematic cannabis use (aOR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.13-1.64). However, SQDC consumers were more likely to be aware of the cannabinoid content of the product purchased compared to those who acquired their cannabis from other sources (aOR = 4.12; 95% CI = 1.10-15.40). CONCLUSIONS No association was detected between the source of cannabis supply and potential vulnerability indicators of cannabis-related harms, but SQDC consumers were more aware of the cannabinoid content of the products purchased. These results suggest that the regulated government supply in Quebec is reaching a substantial portion of those with potential high vulnerability to harm. Whether this knowledge translates into a reduction in the negative consequences related to consumption is still to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Drouin
- 177460Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, 5622Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Élie Rizkallah
- 177460Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, 5622Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Florence Conus
- 25456Institut de la Statistique du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Larney
- 177460Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, and Emergency Medicine, 5622Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- 177460Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Codjo Djignefa Djade
- 177460Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- 177460Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, 5622Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kovess-Masfety V, Frounfelker RL, Keyes K, Karam E, Sabawoon A, Sarwari BA, Husky M, Kaur N, Rousseau C. Education as a protective factor for mental health risks among youth living in highly dangerous regions in Afghanistan. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:12. [PMID: 36691033 PMCID: PMC9869819 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in Afghanistan live in dangerous areas, and have been exposed to traumatic events and chaotic education. Progress has been made on access to education for girls who were the most affected by traditional attitudes against engagement in education. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the mental health of Afghan children living in regions of conflict and the association of mental health with school attendance for girls and boys. METHOD The study included 2707 school aged children in eight regions of Afghanistan (16 provinces) residing in households recruited through a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy in 2017. The level of terrorist threat was evaluated by the intensity of terrorist attacks recorded that year in each province. Child mental health was assessed with the parental report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) along with information on school attendance, sociodemographic characteristics and geographic location. RESULTS A total of 52.75% of children had scores above threshold for the SDQ total difficulties score, 39.19% for emotional difficulties, 51.98% for conduct challenges, and 15.37% for hyperactivity/inattention. Peer relationship problems were high (82.86%) and 12.38% reported that these problems impacted daily life. The level of terrorist threat was associated with SDQ total difficulties (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 4.08, P < 0.0001), with youth in regions with high levels of terrorist threat more likely to have problems than youth in regions with low or medium levels of danger, independent of region and ethnicity. School attendance was negatively associated with emotional symptoms (AOR = 0.65, P < 0.0001) and mental health difficulties with impairment (AOR = 0.67, P = 0.007), but positively associated with peer relationships difficulties (AOR = 1.96, P > 0.0001). Conduct (AOR = 1.66, P < .0001) and SDQ total difficulties (AOR = 1.22, P = 0.019) were higher among boys. Overall, gender did not modify the relationship between school attendance and child mental health. CONCLUSION Attending school is essential for children's mental health, across gender, and should be supported as a priority in Afghanistan despite the return of the Taliban.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kovess-Masfety
- grid.10988.380000 0001 2173 743XLPPS, University of Paris, Paris, France ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R. L. Frounfelker
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ,grid.259029.50000 0004 1936 746XDepartment of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA USA
| | - K. Keyes
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - E. Karam
- grid.429040.bInstitute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.416659.90000 0004 1773 3761Department of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, St. George Hospital University Medical Center University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ajmal Sabawoon
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Governance Institute of Afghanistan (GI-A), Kabul, Afghanistan. .,Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | - Bashir Ahmad Sarwari
- grid.490670.cDepartment of Mental Health & Substance Abuse, Primary Health Care Directorate, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - M. Husky
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XLaboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - N. Kaur
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - C. Rousseau
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Kumar D, Singla RK, Sharma P, Kumar L, Kaur N, Dhawan RK, Sharma S, Dua K, Sharma R. Phytochemistry and Polypharmacological Potential of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:334-348. [PMID: 36476430 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221202112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith. is a valuable traditional therapeutic plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae. It is a dense and wool-like shrub that is mostly found in subtropical regions of some countries of Asia, such as China and India. It has been widely used for the mitigation of nervous system disorders like epilepsy. The active constituents of the plant have exhibited antioxidant, anti-microbial, and antifungal properties, which are considered due to the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids as chief chemical constituents. Flavonoids like quercetin, landenein, chrysin, and 5, 6, 7-trimethoxy flavones cause protein denaturation of the microbial cell wall. OBJECTIVES To comprehend and assemble the fragmented pieces of evidence presented on the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the plant to reconnoiter its therapeutic perspective and forthcoming research opportunities. METHODS The available information on Colebrookea oppositifolia has been established by electronically searching peer-reviewed literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct over the earlier few years. RESULTS The plant has been greatly used for the preparation of many herbal medicines which are used for treating traumatic injuries, fever, rheumatoid arthritis, headache, and gastric problems. From the aerial parts of the plant, a phenylethanoid glycoside named acteoside has been isolated and evaluated for its therapeutic potential viz. immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, analgesic, anti-tumour, antispasmodic, antioxidant, antibacterial, free radical scavenger, and improving sexual function. Acteoside showed neuroprotective activities against Aβ-peptide, which is neurotoxic and causes apoptosis. The petroleum ether extract of the plant leaves offers many active compounds like sitosterol, n-triacontane, hydroxydotriacontyl ferulate, acetyl alcohol, and 3,7,4,2-tetramethoxyflavones which have shown hepatoprotective potential. CONCLUSION The plant should be evaluated further for the estimation of some other health benefits. The consequences of restricted pharmacological screening and reported phytomolecules of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith. advocate that there is still an exigent requisite for in-depth pharmacological studies of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab- 144411, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
- Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Lutesh Kumar
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar, 143115, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar, 143115, Punjab, India
| | | | - Shailesh Sharma
- Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kaur N, Lewis C, Staffieri S, Ruddle J, Goranitis I, Stiles J, Dabscheck G. Cost Analysis of Orthoptist-Led Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Screening Clinics. Br Ir Orthopt J 2023; 19:26-34. [PMID: 37063611 PMCID: PMC10103737 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To conduct a costing study comparing orthoptist-led with consultant-led clinics screening for optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) in children with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) attending the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), Melbourne. Methods Patients with NF1 examined in the orthoptist-led NF1 screening clinic and/or consultant-led clinics during the study period were identified. The workflow management software Q-Flow 6® provided data documenting patient's time spent with the orthoptist, nurse, and ophthalmologist. Time points were converted into minutes and multiplied by the cost-per-minute for each profession. A bottom-up micro-costing approach was used to estimate appointment level costs. Bootstrap simulations with 1000 replications were used to estimate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the difference in mean appointment time and cost between clinics. Results Data for 130 consultant-led clinic appointments and 234 orthoptist-led clinic appointments were extracted for analysis. The mean time per appointment for the consultant-led clinic was 45.11 minutes, and the mean time per appointment for the orthoptist-led clinic was 25.85 minutes. The mean cost per appointment for the consultant-led clinic was A $84.15 (GBP £39.60) compared to the orthoptist-led clinic at A $20.40 (GBP £9.60). This represents a mean reduction of 19.25 minutes per appointment (95% CI, -24.85 to -13.66) and a mean reduction of A $63.75 (GBP £30.00) per appointment (95% CI, (A $-75.40 to $-52.10 [GBP £ -35.48 to £ -24.52]). Conclusion An orthoptist-led clinic screening for OPGs in patients with NF1 can be a more cost-efficient model of care for ophthalmic screening in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Victoria, AU
| | - Catherine Lewis
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Victoria, AU
| | - Sandra Staffieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Victoria, AU
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, AU
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, AU
| | - Jonathan Ruddle
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Victoria, AU
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, AU
| | - Ilias Goranitis
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, AU
- Health Economics Unit, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, AU
| | - Jay Stiles
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, AU
- Health Economics Unit, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, AU
| | - Gabriel Dabscheck
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Victoria, AU
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Kaur N, Singh P. Conventional and contemporary approaches used in text to speech synthesis: a review. Artif Intell Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10462-022-10315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rahmanov N, Kaur N, Manucha V. A Rare Case of Metastatic Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumor – A Challenging Diagnosis on Cytomorphology. Am J Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Yolk sac tumors are characterized by variable histologic patterns and broad cytologic spectrum; thereby making the distinction from a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in a metastatic site extremely challenging. We present cytology and histology of a metastatic extragonadal germ cell tumor with predominant solid yolk sac component.
Methods/Case Report
36-year-old male presented with bilateral supraclavicular masses (right: 6 x 7 cm, left: 3 x 4 cm). CT chest and abdomen revealed large mediastinal and hilar nodal mass (11.6 cm), right hilar mass (8.5 cm), bilateral heterogeneous adrenal masses (right: 11.4 cm, left: 3.1 cm), and an enhancing retroperitoneal implant. Differential diagnoses of lymphoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, and metastatic germ cell tumor were considered. Testicular ultrasound revealed no masses. Fine needle aspiration of supraclavicular lymph nodes showed highly cellular smears comprised of tumor cells, dispersed singly and in clusters, with irregular nuclear contours, increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, coarse chromatin, occasional prominent nucleoli, and vacuolated cytoplasm. Tumor cells were positive for KRT7 and TTF-1, and negative for p40 and PAX8. A diagnosis of metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma was rendered. Subsequent excisional biopsy of the lymph node showed a metastatic tumor with tumor cells similar to those seen in cytology, appearing in solid sheets with focal papillary architecture, replacing the entire lymph node. Additional immunohistochemistry showed expression of SALL4, Glypican 3, with lack of expression for OCT3/4, AFP, hCG, and CD30, supporting the diagnosis of metastatic yolk sac tumor, solid pattern.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA.
Conclusion
Aggressive clinical presentation, broad clinical differential diagnoses, rarity of a primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor, non-diagnostic cytomorphology along with expression of divergent differentiation markers (TTF-1 in our case) makes a definitive diagnosis of metastatic extragonadal yolk sac tumor extremely challenging. High index of clinical suspicion is required for a definitive diagnosis on cytomorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rahmanov
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Flowood, Mississippi , United States
| | - N Kaur
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Flowood, Mississippi , United States
| | - V Manucha
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Flowood, Mississippi , United States
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Kaur N, Rahmanov N, Varshney N, Tang SJ. Metastatic Common Bile Duct Melanoma Presenting as Obstructive Jaundice: A Case Report and Review. Am J Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Malignant melanomas (MM) account for 4-7% of all new cancer cases. The most common primary site is the skin, however, in 1.3% of cases, these tumors originate from the mucous membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. The metastatic spread to the biliary system is extremely infrequent, with rare reports in the literature. Herein, we report a case of history of cutaneous MM with metastasis to the biliary tract.
Methods/Case Report
A 35-year-old Caucasian female presented with pruritis, dark urine, and jaundice. Laboratory results favored the cholestatic process (total bilirubin – 10 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase – 500 U/L, AST- 400 U/L, ALT – 1000 U/L). She had a remote diagnosis of MM of the left chest with metastases to bilateral axillary and periclavicular lymph nodes 8 years ago. She underwent wide local excision of the skin lesion and lymph node dissection then. ERCP with direct cholangioscopy revealed a 3 x 2 cm obstructive mass in the common bile duct which was biopsied to reveal cohesive, pleomorphic, epithelioid cells containing black-brown pigment with enlarged, irregular, and hyperchromatic nuclei. These atypical cells stained strongly with SOX10 and Mart-1 immunohistochemical stains, confirming the diagnosis of metastatic malignant melanoma.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA.
Conclusion
MM is cancer that originates from melanocytes, derived from the neural crest during embryogenesis. The pathogenesis of metastatic spread to the biliary system is still unknown due to the paucity of literature describing this. Diagnosis is often difficult, with many patients completely asymptomatic or occasionally presenting with biliary symptoms. There should be a detailed history, and extensive clinical workup along with extensive histological and immunoprofile, esp. in cases with a history of cutaneous melanoma for early detection of a potential metastasis leading to adequate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaur
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi , United States
| | - N Rahmanov
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi , United States
| | - N Varshney
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi , United States
| | - S J Tang
- Gastroenterology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi , United States
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Kaur N, Hussain F, Al Hmada Y. Malignant Dural Solitary Fibrous Tumor; An Exceedingly Rare Entity. Am J Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an extremely rare mesenchymal neoplasm, accounting for <1% of all primary CNS tumors. Most SFT is dural-based and occurs predominantly in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Here, we present a case of a dural solitary fibrous tumor.
Methods/Case Report
A 28-year-old male presented with intermittent throbbing headache, nausea, and vomiting. Imaging revealed a large, well-circumscribed left parafalcine, dural-based multilobulated, solid, and cystic mass. The patient underwent craniotomy with mass resection. Preliminary intraoperative findings were of a spindle cell neoplasm. Histopathologic examination showed hypercellular neoplasm composed of the spindle to ovoid cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and limited intervening stroma arranged in a haphazard pattern with prominent branching staghorn vasculature. Focal areas of necrosis and mitotic counts of 8/10 high power field were also seen. The lesional cells showed focal cytoplasmic CD34 expression and strong STAT6 nuclear expression. Finally, a diagnosis of SFT, haemangiopericytoma phenotype classified as grade 3, was made.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA
Conclusion
Most SFTs are considered clinically benign (grade 1 tumors) with favorable outcomes after complete resection. However, haemangiopericytoma phenotype with hypercellularity, necrosis, and elevated mitotic count (> 4/10 HPF) is known to have an increased risk of local recurrence and rare metastasis, requiring patients to receive adjuvant radiotherapy after resection for longer progression-free survival. Therefore, it is vital to be aware of this entity for optimal management and more active systemic surveillance in patients with high-grade SFT tumors. Our patient is currently doing well post-adjuvant radiotherapy and is under active annual surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaur
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi , United States
| | - F Hussain
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi , United States
| | - Y Al Hmada
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi , United States
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Kaur N, Mittal A. CheXPrune: sparse chest X-ray report generation model using multi-attention and one-shot global pruning. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 2022; 14:7485-7497. [PMID: 36338854 PMCID: PMC9628486 DOI: 10.1007/s12652-022-04454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Automatic radiological report generation (ARRG) smoothens the clinical workflow by speeding the report generation task. Recently, various deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used for report generation and have achieved promising results. Despite the impressive results, their deployment remains challenging because of their size and complexity. Researchers have proposed several pruning methods to reduce the size of DNNs. Inspired by the one-shot weight pruning methods, we present CheXPrune, a multi-attention based sparse radiology report generation method. It uses encoder-decoder based architecture equipped with a visual and semantic attention mechanism. The model is 70% pruned during the training to achieve 3.33× compression without sacrificing its accuracy. The empirical results evaluated on the OpenI dataset using BLEU, ROUGE, and CIDEr metrics confirm the accuracy of the sparse model viz-a ` -viz the dense model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- UIET, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160025 India
- Mehr Chand DAV College for Women, Sector 36 A, Chandigarh, 160036 India
| | - Ajay Mittal
- UIET, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160025 India
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Justine AK, Kaur N, Savita, Pati PK. Biotechnological interventions in banana: current knowledge and future prospects. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Peer S, Kaur S, Singh P, Kaur H, Kaur N, Kumar K, Singh R. Cerebrofacial venous metameric syndrome type 2+3: face is the index of brain. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 18:126-130. [PMID: 36340223 PMCID: PMC9630619 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a rare case of a 20-year-old man who presented with an extensive facial and orbital venous malformation associated with multiple intracranial venous malformations. The co-existence of cerebrofacial venous malformations points towards a common final pathway in development of these malformations. Our findings are consistent with few previous similar case descriptions. In addition, we describe some novel observations which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been described in the literature. This case reinforces the concept of metameric and segmental distribution of cerebrofacial vasculature, and the aberrations thereof leading to the metameric venous malformations, as proposed by Lasjaunias et al.
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Kaur N, Kandelman D, Potvin L. Using the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop an oral hygiene self-care intervention for Punjabi immigrant adults: an illustrative example. Can J Dent Hyg 2022; 56:147-154. [PMID: 36451997 PMCID: PMC9674000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article describes the development of an oral hygiene self-care behaviour change intervention (Safeguard Your Smile [SYS]) for Punjabi immigrant adults, using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) theoretical framework. METHODS The 3 stages and 8 steps of the BCW were followed to develop the face-to-face SYS intervention. Identification of the problem in behavioural terms was enabled by referring to the results of a qualitative focus group (FG) previously conducted by the research team. Following the BCW method, the sources of behaviour were defined in terms of capability, opportunity, and motivation. Appropriate intervention functions, policy categories, behaviour change techniques (BCTs), and modes of delivery were then identified, selected, and mapped. Concrete strategies were chosen to bring about the desired oral hygiene self-care behavioural change. RESULTS Two main barriers to oral hygiene self-care faced by Punjabi immigrant adults were identified from the original FG: 1) inadequate knowledge and 2) inconsistent daily routine. Oral hygiene self-care behaviour was designated as a target behaviour, detailing frequency, duration, and technique. Five intervention functions (education, training, modelling, environmental restructuring, and enablement) and 2 policy categories (communication and service provision) were identified to influence the capability, opportunity, and motivation related to oral hygiene self-care behaviour. Nine BCTs were selected to influence desired oral hygiene self-care behaviour among adults. CONCLUSION The development process for this SYS intervention may be employed by researchers to design a behaviour change intervention for other populations. However, additional strategies tailored to each specific context and population must be incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Research project manager, Douglas Research Centre (affiliated with McGill University), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Kandelman
- Associate professor, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louise Potvin
- Canada research chair, Community Approaches and Health Inequalities; Scientific director, Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Centre-sud-de-l ’île-de-Montréal, QC, Canada
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Sahoo SS, Kaur N, Kaur A, Garg S. Lymphadenopathy subsequent to Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Corona virus vaccine: ultrasound findings and clinical implications. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2022; 10:25151355221124018. [PMID: 36133302 PMCID: PMC9482933 DOI: 10.1177/25151355221124018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post anti-COVID-19 vaccine lymphadenopathies have been recently described in literature, from different parts of the world. Although there have been studies on lymphadenopathy following mRNA vaccines, there is a paucity of studies on lymphadenopathy following inactivated viral vaccines, such as Covishield. Aim In this study, we explored lymphadenopathy subsequent to Covishield vaccine in terms of its various ultrasound parameters in the Indian population. Methods This hospital-based longitudinal study was conducted among 50 adult beneficiaries of Covishield vaccine. Sociodemographic details and relevant clinical history were recorded using a semi-structured performa. Detailed ultrasound (USG) examination of the bilateral axillae was done on the day of vaccination and after 6-12 days post vaccination. Vaccine beneficiaries were evaluated for the presence of any vaccine-associated lymphadenopathy and described the presence, number, size, morphology, cortical thickness, and presence or absence of echogenic hilum. Results Out of total (63) lymph nodes evaluated sonologically, majority (80.9%) of lymph nodes showed the features of benign lymphadenopathy. However, 12.6% (8/63) lymph nodes showed diffusely thickened cortex with preserved central echogenic hilum, 4.76% (3/63) lymph nodes showed eccentric cortical thickness with preserved hilar pattern, while only one lymph node showed diffuse cortical thickening with loss of central echogenic hilum. Conclusion With an increase in vaccination coverage, clinicians are likely to confront increasing cases of vaccine-associated axillary lymphadenopathy. Therefore, they should exercise care, that contemporary anti-COVID-19 vaccination can present an aetiology of axillary lymph nodes with suspicious USG features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Swaroop Sahoo
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Assistant Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Shivane Garg
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Singh L, Kaur L, Singh G, Dhawan RK, Kaur M, Kaur N, Singh P. Determination of Alteration in Micromeritic Properties of a Solid Dispersion: Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Based Adsorption and Other Structured Approaches. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:209. [PMID: 35902454 PMCID: PMC9333898 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is focused on the use of solid dispersion technology to triumph over the solubility-related problems of bexarotene which is currently used for treating various types of cancer and has shown potential inhibitory action on COVID-19 main protease and human ACE2 receptors. It is based on comparison of green locust bean gum and synthetic poloxamer as polymers using extensive mechanistic methods to explore the mechanism behind solubility enhancement and to find suitable concentration of drug to polymer ratio to prepare porous 3rd generation solid dispersion. The prepared solid dispersions were characterized using different studies like X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and particle size analysis in order to determine the exact changes occurred in the product which are responsible for enhancing solubility profiles of an insoluble drug. The results showed different profiles for particle size, solubility, dissolution rate, porosity, BET, and Langmuir specific surface area of prepared solid dispersions by using different polymers. In addition to the comparison of polymers, the BET analysis deeply explored the changes occurred in all dispersions when the concentration of polymer was increased. The optimized solid dispersion prepared with MLBG using lyophilization technique showed reduced particle size of 745.7±4.4 nm, utmost solubility of 63.97%, pore size of 211.597 Å, BET and Langmuir specific surface area of 5.6413 m2/g and 8.2757 m2/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovepreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Lakhvir Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.
| | - Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - R K Dhawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Manjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Prabhpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
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Kumar N, Puri P, Kaur N, Uppal J, Chawla A, Monika M, Mir PA. Pharmacognostical Standardization, Phytochemical Characteristics of Stem-bark of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. Pharmacognosy Res 2022. [DOI: 10.5530/pres.14.3.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kaur N, Prashanth KH, Bhatti MS, Pati PK. OsSalT gene cloned from rice provides evidence of its role in salinity and drought stress tolerance. Plant Sci 2022; 320:111306. [PMID: 35643601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses impose a huge threat to agricultural productivity and global food security. To counter this challenge, the precise identification of the right candidate gene (s) for conferring abiotic stress tolerance without compromising the growth and yield is crucial. OsSalT is identified as a salt stress responsive gene located on SalTol QTL of chromosome 1 of rice, however, there is no genetic evidence of its function and probable pathway of its regulation. To get better insights into its functioning, earlier we elucidated the structure of SALT protein at atomic scale {PDB ID (5GVY)} and solution state that provided key clues on the probable mode of its action. Herein, we report the modulation of OsSalT gene in response to various factors and its functional characterization. Results indicate that OsSalT operates through both abscisic acid and gibberellic acid-dependent pathways and is linked to the adaptive stress mechanisms of plants. Its overexpression in a model plant resulted in improved salinity and drought stress tolerance. The OsSalT transformed plants also showed vigorous root growth, early flowering, and better seed germination. The triggering of multiple responses by OsSalT suggested that modulation of such mannose-binding lectin could be a potential game-changer for the improvement of many crops in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | | | - Manpreet Singh Bhatti
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
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Kaur N, Kumar M. Formulation and evaluation of theophylline sustained release matrix tablets using synthetic polymers. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research 2022. [DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2022.24.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajendra Institute of Technology & Sciences, Sirsa, Haryana 125055
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Liu W, Ruiz-Velasco A, Raja R, Kaur N. over-activated p21 protein activated kinase-3 (pak3) leads to myocardial lipotoxicity and cardiac dysfunction in diet-induced metabolic stress. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation
Background
In clinics, metabolic stress-induced cardiomyopathy is featured as diastolic/systolic dysfunction, at least partially resulting from impairment of metabolic flexibility in the myocardium, which leads to lipotoxicity and oxidative stress accompanied with cardiomyocytes death. P21-activated kinases (Paks) are a family of serine/threonine kinases, involved in cell survival, proliferation and cytoskeleton remodelling. In spite of the cardioprotective functions of Pak1 and Pak2 in the myocardium, the role of cardiac Pak3 is unexplored.
Purpose
The study is to investigate the function of cardiac Pak3 on myocardial steatosis in response to diet-induced metabolic stress, which will provide proof-of-concept evidence for the therapeutic potential for alleviating cardiac dysfunction by targeting lipotoxicity in the myocardium.
Methods
Pak3 overexpression in the myocardium was achieved by tail vein injection of adeno associated virus (AAV9) delivery of troponin T promoter-driven Pak3 on C57BL/6J mice. The mice were fed with high fat high sucrose diet, the metabolic profiles and cardiac function were measured at 4-week intervals. In addition, cardiac morphological and cellular changes were assessed, including cell size, fibrosis formation, cell death, lipid accumulation and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the transcript levels of the genes either participating lipid metabolism or regulating oxidative stress were also assessed by qPCR.
Results
First, we detected that Pak3 expression and activation was increased in the myocardium from human with obese or diabetes. Consistently, the augmented Pak3 was also detected in the failing heart from C57BL/6J mice, ob/ob and db/db mice. Next, in a time-course study, the mice with AAV9-delivery cardiac Pak3 overexpression were vulnerable to cardiac dysfunction upon diet-induced metabolic stress. Pak3 overexpression did not alter cardiomyocyte size; however, more fibrosis and cell death in the myocardium were detected due to Pak3 enhancement. More importantly, myocardial lipid accumulation and profound lipid peroxidation were determined by immunefluorescent staining of Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-NHE), respectively. Finally, the abnormal expression of the genes involved in lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation was detected in Pak3-overexpressed myocardium under metabolic stress, whereas the levels of anti-oxidative stress genes were decreased.
Conclusion
Altogether, the study has demonstrated that Pak3 over-activation makes the heart more susceptible to myocardial lipotoxicity, which accelerates cardiac steatosis and dysfunction in the fact of metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Ruiz-Velasco
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Raja
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Kaur
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Kaur N, Ruiz A, Raja R, Howell G, Mace K, Binder P, Smith C, Swanton E, Wang X, Chernoff J, Cartwright EJ, Liu W. Paracrine signal emanating from stressed cardiomyocytes aggravates inflammatory microenvironment in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation
Background
Cardiovascular issues associated with diabetes, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), can lead to heart failure. DCM is etiologically related to myocardial inflammation and can stem from a complex interplay of different cell types. Cardiomyocyte as an active mediator of the inflammatory response is an emerging concept with limited mechanistic understanding.
Purpose
We aimed to address the knowledge gap of cardiomyocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction-mediated macrophage response and provide functional evidence for the therapeutic feasibility of managing inflammatory paracrine signals in response to diet-induced metabolic stress.
Methods
In vivo mouse model of high fat high sucrose diet-induced diabetes, cardiomyocyte-specific p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) knockout model, echocardiography, histology, 3D imaging, qPCR, co-culture of H9c2 culturing medium and bone-marrow derived macrophages, immunoblotting, macrophage isolation from myocardium, flow cytometry and AAV9-gene therapy.
Results
In a time-course study, diet-induced diabetic mice demonstrated an association between cardiac ER stress and sustained myocardial inflammation, with a maladaptive shift in myocardial ER stress response over time. Furthermore, as a cardiac ER dysfunction model, mice with cardiac-specific PAK2 deletion exhibited heightened myocardial inflammatory response in diabetes. Using human and mice diabetic heart samples, we show that ER stress-induced CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) is a novel transcriptional regulator of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). Cardiac stress-induced active release of HMGB1 facilitated M1 macrophage polarization, and aggravated myocardial inflammatory signatures. Therapeutically, sequestering the extracellular HMGB1 using Glycyrrhizin conferred cardioprotection through its anti-inflammatory action. Also, as functional evidence, we showed that un-mitigated cardiac ER response due to PAK2 loss under diabetes may account as a barrier for leveraging the anti-inflammatory potential of Vildagliptin.
Conclusion
Collectively, we introduce an ER stress-mediated cardiomyocyte-macrophage link, altering the macrophage response in the myocardium, thereby providing insight into therapeutic prospects for diabetes-associated cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaur
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Ruiz
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Raja
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - G Howell
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - K Mace
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P Binder
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Smith
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Swanton
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - X Wang
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Chernoff
- Temple University Hospital, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , United States of America
| | - EJ Cartwright
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - W Liu
- University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Kaur N, Toor JS, Khare A. Management practices followed by dairy farmers in rural Punjab. Journal of Livestock Science 2022. [DOI: 10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.164-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kaur B, Kaur N, Sharma T, Kaur G, Chaudhary GR. Metallosurfactant based synthetic liposomes as a substitute for phospholipids to safely store curcumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112621. [PMID: 35714508 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin has shown remarkable therapeutic utilization for various medical conditions. Still, its limited chemical stability and rapid hydrolysis capped its applications to a certain extent. Approaches have been made in the past to surpass these shortcomings by encapsulating the drug in surfactant-based micelles or liposomes and so far, natural surfactants have been used to do this bidding. Through this report, we are presenting curcumin entrapped inside synthetic metal-based liposomal assembly (metallosomes) based on hybrid-surfactants known as metallosurfactants (MS). Three metallosomes i.e. metallosomes (a), (b), and (c) were synthesized with increasing cholesterol (Chl) ratio w.r.t MS (MS:Chl 1:0, 1:0.5, and 1:1). Firstly, the membrane properties of the metallosomes were studied in the absence of the drug. The studies confirmed the direct influence of Chl concentration on the membrane properties and the metallosomes were found to be more hydrophobic, rigid, homogenous, stable, and less fluid with Chl incorporation. These studies were proven beneficial when drug-loaded metallosomes were studied and metallosomes (c), with the highest Chl content, emerged as the maximum drug loader due to their most hydrophobic nature. However, the drug was released at the slowest rate for this metallosomal system due to its less fluid and more rigid nature. On the other hand, these metallosomes were more efficient for shielding entrapped drug from acidic and alkaline environs as lesser drug degradation was observed in the experiments compared to the free curcumin. These metallosomes also exhibited efficient interactional behavior with bacterial (MRSA) DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Tanvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Kaur N, Mittal A. CADxReport: Chest x-ray report generation using co-attention mechanism and reinforcement learning. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Key WB, Jodha KS, Kaur N, Marocho SMS, Mecholsky JJ, Griggs JA. Fracture toughness and fractal analysis of ceramic benchmark materials. J Mater Sci 2022; 57:10051-10058. [PMID: 37711847 PMCID: PMC10501202 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-022-07308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported various methods of measuring the fracture toughness of brittle ceramics. The purpose of the present research was to use a new method of fractal dimension measurement on benchmark materials (silica glass, Viosil SX, Shin-Etsu, n = 13, and silicon nitride standard reference material, SRM2100, NIST, n = 10), to compare the fracture toughness calculated using different methods, and to study the effect of noise filtering on the fractal dimension and fracture surface roughness. Fracture toughness was determined using surface crack in flexure method according to ASTM C1421 and fractal analysis method. Fractal dimension was determined using the Minkowski Cover algorithm on atomic force microscope scans of epoxy replicas of fracture surfaces. The mean ± standard deviation of fracture toughness using surface crack in flexure method and fractals method were 0.97 ± 0.18 MPa·m1/2 and 1.03 ± 0.07 MPa·m1/2 for silica glass and 4.62 ± 0.14 MPa·m1/2 and 2.54 ± 0.07 MPa·m1/2 for silicon nitride, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation of fractal dimension was 2.17 ± 0.03 for silica glass and 2.13 ± 0.01 for silicon nitride. The mean ten-point roughness (Rz) before and after noise filtering was 89 ± 102 nm and 87 ± 101 nm for silica glass and 355 ± 132 nm and 357 ± 134 nm for silicon nitride, respectively. Noise filtering had no significance on the fracture surface roughness of the two materials. The newly developed fractal analysis method can be used to predict the baseline fracture toughness of specimens with unknown failure stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Key
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Room D528, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - K S Jodha
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Room D528, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - N Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Room D528, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - S M Salazar Marocho
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Room D528, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - J J Mecholsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - J A Griggs
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Room D528, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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