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Karthik P, Jose PA, Chellakannu A, Gurusamy S, Ananthappan P, Karuppathevan R, Vasantha VS, Rajesh J, Ravichandran S, Sankarganesh M. Green synthesis of MnO 2 nanoparticles from Psidium guajava leaf extract: Morphological characterization, photocatalytic and DNA/BSA interaction studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128869. [PMID: 38114013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a simple, efficient and eco-friendly green synthesis of manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2NPs) by Psidium guajava leaf extract was described. Fourier-Transform infrared spectra results revealed that involvement of the plant extract functional groups in the formation of MnO2NPs. The UV-vis absorption spectra of the synthesized MnO2NPs exhibited absorption peaks at 374 nm, which were attributed to the band gap of the MnO2NPs. Crystal phase identification of the MnO2NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and the formation of crystalline MnO2NPs have been confirmed. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the synthesized MnO2NPs have a spherical in shape. Interestingly, the prepared green synthesized MnO2NPs showed catalytic degradation activity for malachite green dye. Malachite green's photocatalytic degradation was detected spectrophotometrically in the wavelength range of 250-900 nm, and it was discovered to have a photodegradation efficiency of 75.5 % within 90 min when exposed to solar radiation. Green synthesized MnO2NPs are responsible for this higher activity. An interaction between synthesized NPs and biomolecules, including CT-DNA and BSA was also evaluated. The spectrophotometric and Fluoro spectroscopic analyses indicate a gradual reduction in peak intensities and shifts in wavelengths, indicating binding and affinity between the NPs and the biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Karthik
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602 105, India
| | - Paulraj Adwin Jose
- Department of Science and Humanities (Chemistry), E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu 611 002, India
| | - Arunbalaji Chellakannu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625 021, India
| | | | - Periyasamy Ananthappan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625 021, India
| | - Ramki Karuppathevan
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Science, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Vairathevar Sivasamy Vasantha
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625 021, India
| | - Jegathalaprathaban Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602 105, India.
| | - Siranjeevi Ravichandran
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602 105, India
| | - Murugesan Sankarganesh
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602 105, India.
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Sankarganesh M, Jose PA, Raja JD, Revathi N, Sakthivel A, Rajesh J, Gurusamy S, Solomon RV. Spectroscopic and theoretical approach of DNA interaction and anticancer studies of bio-pharmaceutically active pyrimidine derived Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126095. [PMID: 37536408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
New metal(II) complexes (CuL2 and ZnL2) with pyrimidine appended Schiff base ligand (HL) were synthesized and characterized by diverse spectroscopic methods, reveals the proposed structure of metal(II) complexes possess square planar geometry. DNA interaction ability of isolated compounds was studied by UV-Visible, fluorescence, viscometric and electrochemical methods and the results showed that isolated compounds intercalated with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). In addition, anticancer activities of HL, CuL2, and ZnL2 have been evaluated by MTT assay, signifying moderate cytotoxic activity on selected cancer cell lines and less toxicity on NHDF normal cell line due to the specific targeting of pyrimidine analogues. Moreover, antioxidant activities of isolated compounds towards diverse free radicals have been studied by spectrophotometric methods. These results showed that CuL2 has better antioxidant ability than HL and ZnL2. Finally, antimicrobial activities of isolated compounds against selected antimicrobial pathogens exposed that CuL2 has better antimicrobial activity on E. coli and C. albicans than other antimicrobial pathogens. The DFT calculations have been done to get the optimized geometry of the ligand and the metal complexes. In order to get a broad understanding of the interactions of these synthesized metal complexes, a detailed molecular docking analysis is taken up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sankarganesh
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602 105, India
| | - Paulraj Adwin Jose
- Department of Chemistry, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinum, Tamil Nadu 611 002, India
| | - Jeyaraj Dhaveethu Raja
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, The American College, Tallakkulam, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625 002, India.
| | - Nagaraj Revathi
- Department of Chemistry, Ramco Institute of Technology, Rajapalayam, Virudhunagar 626117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Sakthivel
- Department of Chemistry, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jegathalaprathaban Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602 105, India
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Adwin Jose P, Sankarganesh M, Dhaveethu Raja J, Arumugam S. DNA/BSA interaction, anticancer, antimicrobial and catalytic applications of synthesis of nitro substituted pyrimidine-based Schiff base ligand capped nickel nanoparticles. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37394819 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2230283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to create stable nickel nanoparticles using nickel chloride salt and a Schiff base ligand called DPMN. The synthesis process involved a two-step phase transfer procedure. Spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible and FT-IR were used to confirm the formation of ligand-stabilized nickel nanoparticles (DPMN-NiNPs). To analyze the size, surface morphology, and quality of DPMN-NiNPs, SEM and TEM techniques were utilized. In vitro studies were performed to investigate the potential anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds against three different cancer cell lines and one normal cell line, and the results were compared to those of cis-platin. The researchers also conducted tests to determine the ability of DPMN-NiNPs to bind to CT-DNA using various techniques such as electronic absorption, fluorescence, viscometric, and cyclic voltammetric. The results showed that the synthesized DPMN-NiNPs exhibited good DNA binding ability, which was further validated by denaturation of DNA using thermal and sonochemical methods. The researchers also investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of DPMN-NiNPs, which demonstrated better biological activities than DPMN alone. Furthermore, the synthesized nano compounds were found to selectively damage cancer cell lines without harming normal cell lines. Finally, the researchers examined the potential of DPMN-NiNPs as a catalyst in dye degradation by testing its ability to decompose methyl red dye using UV-Visible spectroscopy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulraj Adwin Jose
- Department of Chemistry, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Sankarganesh
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sakthivel Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Adwin Jose P, Sankarganesh M, Dhaveethu Raja J, Senthilkumar GS, Nandini Asha R, Raja SJ, Sheela CD. Bio-inspired nickel nanoparticles of pyrimidine-Schiff base: In vitro anticancer, BSA and DNA interactions, molecular docking and antioxidant studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10715-10729. [PMID: 34243683 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1947382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, interactions of pyrimidine derivative Schiff base ligand (DMPMM) were studied and its stabilized powder nickel nanoparticles (DMPMM-NiNPs) were synthesized and various biological studies were evaluated. DNA binding studies of CT-DNA with prepared compounds in Tris-HCl/NaCl buffer were carried out by traditional UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopic methods, viscosity measurements and cyclic voltammetry. Results showed that the small scale of DMPMM had less activity to interact with biological systems and when it assembled on nickel nanoparticles surface the activity increased. Thermal denaturation and sonochemical denaturation studies of DNA with the presence and the absence of our compounds also were done by UV-Visible spectroscopic method and its results indicated that the synthesized compounds increased the denaturation temperature. BSA binding studies of synthesized compounds were done by UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Molecular docking of prepared ligand and its nanoparticles with biomolecules (DNA and BSA) were studied. Antimicrobial studies of the DMPMM and DMPMM-NiNPs were carried out by Agar-Agar well diffusion method. Anticancer studies results evidenced that the synthesized DMPMM-NiNPs had good selectivity to control the growth of cancer cells without damaging the normal cells. Various antioxidant scavenging studies results have shown that DMPMM and DMPMM-NiNPs have significant antioxidant activity. HighlightsStable and solid nickel nanoparticles were prepared.The size of the prepared nickel nanoparticles was nearly 3 to 8 nm.Organic ligand capped nickel nanoparticles interacted with DNA and BSA.Ni nanoparticles increased the denaturation temperature of DNA.It was found to have good anticancer activity with fewer side effects than cisplatin.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulraj Adwin Jose
- Chemistry Research Centre, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Sankarganesh
- Department of Chemistry, The American College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Bioinspired Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sivakala KK, Jose PA, Matan O, Zohar-Perez C, Nussinovitch A, Jurkevitch E. In vivo predation and modification of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) gut microbiome by the bacterial predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2971-2980. [PMID: 34061420 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The Mediterranean fruit fly (the medfly) causes major losses of agricultural fruits. Its microbiome is mainly composed of various Enterobacteriaceae that contribute to nutrient acquisition and are associated with the fly's development. Moreover, the performance of males produced by the sterile insect technique is improved by providing mass-reared insects with specific gut bacteria. Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) are obligate predators of Gram-negative bacteria that efficiently preys upon diverse Enterobacteriaceae, making it a potential disruptor of the fly's microbiome. We hypothesized that the fly's microbiome can be targeted to control the insect. METHODS AND RESULTS Inoculation of B. bacteriovorus as free-swimming or encapsulated cells into gut extracts significantly reduced gut bacterial abundance, sustaining predator survival. Similar treatments applied to adult flies showed that the predators also survived in the gut environment. While addition of the predators did not affect total gut bacterial abundance and end-point fly mortality, a shift in the gut community structure, measured by high-throughput community sequencing was observed. CONCLUSIONS The bacterial predator of bacteria B. bacteriovorus can prey and survive in vivo in the medfly gut. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study establishes the potential of BALOs to affect the microbiome of insect hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sivakala
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Entomology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - P A Jose
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Entomology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - O Matan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - C Zohar-Perez
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Nussinovitch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Jurkevitch
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Fu J, Han Y, Wang J, Jose PA, Zeng C. Irisin Lowered Blood Pressure by Augmenting Acetylcholine-Mediated Vasodilation via AMPK-Akt-eNOS-NO Signal Pathway in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10 Suppl 1:e4. [PMID: 27677136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Fu
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Han
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Wang
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - P A Jose
- Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - C Zeng
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang X, Wang J, Jose PA, Zeng C. Prenatal Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Causes Mesenteric Vascular Dysfunction Through NO-cGMP Pathway in Offspring. J Am Soc Hypertens 2016; 10 Suppl 1:e5. [PMID: 27677140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Wang
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - P A Jose
- Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - C Zeng
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chen K, Fu C, Chen C, Jose PA, Zeng C. Role of GRK4 in the Regulation of Arterial AT1 Receptor in Hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 2016; 10 Suppl 1:e3. [PMID: 27677134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Chen
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C Fu
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C Chen
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - P A Jose
- Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - C Zeng
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zou X, Wang J, Chen C, Jose PA, Zeng C. Secreted Monocyte miR-27a Causes Hypertension by Reducing Mas Receptor Expression and Function in the Artery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10 Suppl 1:e3. [PMID: 27677133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Zou
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Wang
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C Chen
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - P A Jose
- Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - C Zeng
- Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Medani CR, Davitt MK, Huntington DF, Kramer L, Sivasubramanian KN, Jose PA. Acute renal failure in the newborn. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 15:47-54. [PMID: 428241 DOI: 10.1159/000402594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Felder
- University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville
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Yang S, Yang Y, Yu P, Yang J, Jiang X, Villar VAM, Sibley DR, Jose PA, Zeng C. Dopamine D1 and D5 receptors differentially regulate oxidative stress through paraoxonase 2 in kidney cells. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:397-410. [PMID: 25740199 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1006215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renal dopaminergic system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Dopamine D1-like receptors (D1R and D5R) decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes such as NADPH oxidase. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is also involved in the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that D1R and D5R inhibit ROS production by increasing the expression of PON2, including those in membrane microdomains. METHODS AND RESULTS PON2 colocalized with D1R and D5R in mouse renal proximal tubules (RPTs), human RPT (hRPT) cells, and HEK293 cells heterologously expressing human D1R (HEK-hD1R) or D5R (HEK-hD5R). Fenoldopam, an agonist for both D1R and D5R, increased PON2 co-immunoprecipitation with D1R and D5R in HEK-hD1R and HEK-hD5R cells, respectively. Silencing PON2 increased ROS production and NADPH oxidase activity, and impaired the inhibitory effect of fenoldopam. Fenoldopam increased PON2 protein in both lipid rafts (LRs) and non-LRs in HEK-hD1R cells, but only in non-LRs in HEK-hD5R and hRPT cells. Long-term (hrs) fenoldopam stimulation increased PON2 protein in a time-dependent manner in HEK-hD5R, but not in HEK-hD1R cells. Because the effects of fenoldopam on non-LR and total PON2 expressions were similar in HEK-hD5R and hRPT cells, additional studies were performed to determine the relationship between D5R and PON2. Renal PON2 protein was decreased in D5(-/-) mice. In hRPT cells, silencing D5R decreased PON2 expression and increased ROS production. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that D1-like receptors inhibit ROS production by altering PON2 distribution in membrane microdomains in the short-term, and by increasing PON2 expression in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
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Chen Y, Asico LD, Zheng S, Villar VAM, He D, Zhou L, Zeng C, Jose PA. ASSA14-03-08 Gastrin and D 1Dopamine Receptor Interact to Induce Natriuresis and Diuresis. Heart 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307109.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Luo H, Wang X, Chen C, Wang J, Zou X, Li C, Lu X, Jiang X, Yang X, Jose PA, Zeng C. ASSA14-03-13 Superoxide-lowering Therapy with Tempol Improves Balance of Renal RAS Components in Obese Zucker Rats. Heart 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307109.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Chen K, Deng K, Wang X, Wang Z, Zheng S, Ren H, He D, Han Y, Asico LD, Jose PA, Zeng C. ASSA14-03-06 Activation of D 4dopamine receptor decreases AT 1angiotensin II receptor expression in rat renal proximal tubule cells. Heart 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307109.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Luo Z, Chen Y, Chen S, Welch WJ, Andresen BT, Jose PA, Wilcox CS. Comparison of inhibitors of superoxide generation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:935-43. [PMID: 19466991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We compared the dose-dependent reductions in cellular superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) by catalytic agents: superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyethylene glycol (PEG)-SOD and the nitroxide 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (tempol) with uncharacterized antioxidants: 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrinate iron (III)(Fe-TTPS), (-)-cis-3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavane (2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol (-epicatechin), 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one (ebselen) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) with the spin trap nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and with the vitamins or their analogues: ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylkroman-2-carboxy acid (trolox). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH O(2)(-) was generated in primary cultures of angiotensin II-stimulated preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats and detected by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. KEY RESULTS SOD, PEG-SOD, NAC and tempol produced a similar maximum inhibition of O(2)(-) of 80-90%. -Epicatechin, NBT, ebselen and Fe-TTPS were significantly (P < 0.0125) less effective (50-70%), whereas trolox, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate had little action even over 24 h of incubation (<31%). Effectiveness in disrupted and intact cells was similar for the permeable agents, PEG-SOD and tempol, but was enhanced for SOD. Generation of O(2)(-) was increased by NAC and NBT at low concentrations but reduced at high concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Maximum effectiveness against cellular production of O(2)(-) requires cell membrane permeability and catalytic action as exemplified by PEG-SOD or tempol. NAC and NBT have biphasic effects on O(2)(-) production. Vitamins C and E or analogues have low efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Luo
- Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Lohmueller KE, Wong LJC, Mauney MM, Jiang L, Felder RA, Jose PA, Williams SM. Patterns of genetic variation in the hypertension candidate gene GRK4: ethnic variation and haplotype structure. Ann Hum Genet 2006; 70:27-41. [PMID: 16441255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have the potential to help unravel the genetic basis of hypertension. Nevertheless, to date, association studies of hypertension have yielded ambiguous results. It is becoming clear that such association studies must be interpreted within the context of the genetic structure of the populations being studied, and patterns of variation within specific genomic regions. With this in mind we analyzed genetic variation in the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) gene, a gene whose product has recently been shown to inhibit the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) from increasing sodium excretion. We genotyped three previously identified GRK4 SNPs, as well as ten additional SNPs, over 71.6 kb of the GRK4 locus in four populations: African Americans, Asians, Hispanics and Caucasians. Haplotype structure varied among populations, with Hispanics and Caucasians having the most linkage disequilibrium (LD) among SNPs. African Americans had three shorter haplotype blocks, while patterns of markers in the Asian populations demonstrated less LD among markers, a pattern inconsistent with block structure. We observed limited haplotype diversity in each of the four populations, with differing haplotype frequencies among the ethnic groups. We also found substantial evidence for population differentiation, with the largest differences between the African-American and Asian samples with F(ST) values in the upper 90(th) percentile when compared to a genome-wide distribution. However, for all population comparisons, F(ST) values decreased sharply in the 3' region of the gene. This pattern of differentiation among populations is consistent with selection in this part of the gene maintaining similar patterns of variation among otherwise divergent populations. Our results document not only different allele frequencies between populations, but differences in haplotype structure that may be important in evaluating association studies between hypertension and GRK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Lohmueller
- Institute for Molecular and Human Genetics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Yu P, Asico LD, Luo Y, Andrews P, Eisner GM, Hopfer U, Felder RA, Jose PA. D1 dopamine receptor hyperphosphorylation in renal proximal tubules in hypertension. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1072-9. [PMID: 16850019 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A defect in the coupling of the D(1) receptor (D(1)R) to its G protein/effector complex in renal proximal tubules plays a role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension. As there is no mutation of the D(1)R gene in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), we tested the hypothesis that the coupling defect is associated with constitutive desensitization/phosphorylation of the D(1)R. The following experiments were performed: (1) Cell culture and membrane preparations from rat kidneys and immortalized rat renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs); (2) immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting; (3) cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate and adenylyl cyclase assays; (4) immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy; (5) biotinylation of cell surface proteins; and (6) in vitro enzyme dephosphorylation. Basal serine-phosphorylated D(1)Rs in renal proximal tubules, brush border membranes, and membranes from immortalized RPTCs were greater in SHRs (21.0+/-1.5 density units, DU) than in normotensive rats (7.4+/-2.9 DU). The increased basal serine phosphorylation of D(1)Rs in SHRs was accompanied by decreased expression of D(1)R at the cell surface, and decreased ability of a D(1)-like receptor agonist (fenoldopam) to stimulate cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) production. Increasing protein phosphatase 2A activity with protamine enhanced the ability of fenoldopam to stimulate cAMP accumulation (17+/-4%) and alter D(1)R cell surface expression in intact cells from SHRs. Alkaline phosphatase treatment of RPTC membranes decreased D(1)R phosphorylation and enhanced fenoldopam stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity (26+/-6%) in SHRs. Uncoupling of the D(1)R from its G protein/effector complex in renal proximal tubules in SHRs is caused, in part, by increased D(1)R serine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, Distr. Columbia, USA.
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Bek MJ, Eisner GM, Felder RA, Jose PA. Dopamine receptors in hypertension. Mt Sinai J Med 2001; 68:362-9. [PMID: 11687863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
There is increased awareness of the role of dopamine in cardiovascular function, renal function and systemic blood pressure regulation. Growing evidence indicates that each of the five dopamine receptor subtypes participates in the regulation of blood pressure by mechanisms distinct for that particular subtype. Some dopamine receptors regulate blood pressure by influencing the central and peripheral nervous system, while others influence renal function and release of renin, aldosterone and vasopressin. This review summarizes the physiology and pathophysiology of the peripheral dopaminergic system and our current understanding of the role of individual dopamine receptors in the pathophysiology of human essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bek
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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21
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Ladines CA, Zeng C, Asico LD, Sun X, Pocchiari F, Semeraro C, Pisegna J, Wank S, Yamaguchi I, Eisner GM, Jose PA. Impaired renal D(1)-like and D(2)-like dopamine receptor interaction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 281:R1071-8. [PMID: 11557612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.4.r1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
D(1)-like (D(1), D(5)) and D(2)-like (D(2), D(3), D(4)) dopamine receptors interact in the kidney to produce a natriuresis and a diuresis. Disruption of D(1) or D(3) receptors in mice results in hypertension that is caused, in part, by a decreased ability to excrete an acute saline load. We studied D(1)-like and D(2)-like receptor interaction in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by the intrarenal infusion of Z-1046 (a novel dopamine receptor agonist with rank order potency of D(3)> or =D(4)>D(2)>D(5)>D(1)). Z-1046 increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow, and sodium excretion in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats but not in SHRs. The lack of responsiveness to Z-1046 in SHRs was not an epiphenomenon, because intrarenal cholecystokinin infusion increased GFR, urine flow, and sodium excretion to a similar extent in the two rat strains. We conclude that renal D(1)-like and D(2)-like receptor interaction is impaired in SHRs. The impaired D(1)-like and D(2)-like receptor interaction in SHRs is not caused by alterations in the coding sequence of the D(3) receptor, the D(2)-like receptor expressed in rat renal tubules that has been shown to be involved in sodium transport. Because the diuretic and natriuretic effects of D(1)-like receptors are, in part, caused by an interaction with D(2)-like receptors, it is possible that the decreased Z-1046 action in SHRs is secondary to the renal D(1)-like receptor dysfunction in this rat strain.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biological Transport/physiology
- Cholecystokinin/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Diuresis/drug effects
- Dopamine Agonists/administration & dosage
- Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects
- Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Infusions, Intra-Arterial
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney Function Tests
- Male
- Naphthols/administration & dosage
- Natriuresis/drug effects
- Natriuresis/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D3
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sodium/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Ladines
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, USA
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of the second-messenger cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). At least nine isoforms of AC have been cloned. These isoforms differ in their tissue distribution and basal activity. AC isoforms also differ in their capacity to be stimulated or inhibited by G protein alpha(i), alpha(s) and beta/gamma subunits, protein kinase C, and intracellular calcium. The distribution of ACs in the kidney is only partially known, although it is known that ACs play important roles in kidney signal transduction. Several receptors are known to couple to AC, but their linkage to individual AC isoforms in the kidney is not known. METHODS This study investigated the tissue distribution of AC isoforms along the nephron of Wistar-Kyoto rats using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. RESULTS While AC VI and IX mRNA were found in all nephron segments, there was no expression of AC VIII mRNA. ACs II through V and VII mRNA were variably found in specific nephron segments. mRNA for AC isoforms II, III, VI, VII, and IX were expressed in renal proximal tubules. All of the AC isoforms studied, except VIII, were found in glomeruli. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed the mRNA results. AC isoforms II, III, IV, and IX were expressed in luminal rather than in basolateral membranes. However, immunohistochemical studies were not feasible for the other isoforms that could be expressed in basolateral membranes. CONCLUSION Knowledge of the distribution of ACs may help establish the linkage between receptors and specific AC isoforms and define their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bek
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Li XX, Bek M, Asico LD, Yang Z, Grandy DK, Goldstein DS, Rubinstein M, Eisner GM, Jose PA. Adrenergic and endothelin B receptor-dependent hypertension in dopamine receptor type-2 knockout mice. Hypertension 2001; 38:303-8. [PMID: 11566895 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.38.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism of the dopamine receptor type-2 (D(2)) gene is associated with essential hypertension. To assess whether D(2) receptors participate in regulation of blood pressure (BP), we studied mice in which the D(2) receptor was disrupted. In anesthetized mice, systolic and diastolic BPs (in millimeters of mercury) were higher in D(2) homozygous and heterozygous mutant mice than in D(2)+/+ littermates. BP after alpha-adrenergic blockade decreased to a greater extent in D(2)-/- mice than in D(2)+/+ mice. Epinephrine excretion was greater in D(2)-/- mice than in D(2)+/+ mice, and acute adrenalectomy decreased BP to a similar level in D(2)-/- and D(2)+/+ mice. An endothelin B (ET[B]) receptor blocker for both ET(B1) and ET(B2) receptors decreased, whereas a selective ET(B1) blocker increased, BP in D(2)-/- mice but not D(2)+/+ mice. ET(B) receptor expression was greater in D(2)-/- mice than in D(2)+/+ mice. In contrast, blockade of ET(A) and V(1) vasopressin receptors had no effect on BP in either D(2)-/- or D(2)+/+ mice. The hypotensive effect of an AT(1) antagonist was also similar in D(2)-/- and D(2)+/+ mice. Basal Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activities in renal cortex and medulla were higher in D(2)+/+ mice than in D(2)-/- mice. Urine flow and sodium excretion were higher in D(2)-/- mice than in D(2)+/+ mice before and after acute saline loading. Thus, complete loss of the D(2) receptor results in hypertension that is not due to impairment of sodium excretion. Instead, enhanced vascular reactivity in the D(2) mutant mice may be caused by increased sympathetic and ET(B) receptor activities.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
- Animals
- Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Body Weight
- Catechols/urine
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
- Endothelin-1/pharmacology
- Female
- Genotype
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Phentolamine/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2
- Receptor, Endothelin A
- Receptor, Endothelin B
- Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/physiology
- Receptors, Endothelin/agonists
- Receptors, Endothelin/physiology
- Sodium/urine
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
- Urodynamics
- Viper Venoms/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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24
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Li XX, Xu J, Zheng S, Albrecht FE, Robillard JE, Eisner GM, Jose PA. D1 dopamine receptor regulation of NHE3 during development in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 280:R1650-6. [PMID: 11353667 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.6.r1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine if the defective interactions among D1-like receptors, G proteins, and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) are consequences of hypertension, we studied these interactions in rats, before (2–3 wk) and after (12 wk) the establishment of hypertension. To eliminate the confounding influence of second messenger action on D1 receptor-NHE3 interaction, studies were performed in renal brush-border membranes (BBM) devoid of cytoplasmic second messengers. NHE3 activity increased with age in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (3 wk = 1.48 ± 0.39, n = 13; 12 wk = 2.83 ± 0.15, n = 16, P < 0.05) but not in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs; 3 wk = 2.52 ± 0.37, n = 11; 12 wk = 2.81 ± 0.20, n = 16). D1 receptor protein tended to decrease, whereas NHE3 protein tended to increase with age in both WKY and SHRs. However, the inhibitory effect of a D1-like agonist, SKF-81297, on NHE3 activity increased with age in WKY rats (3 wk = −40.7 ± 5.3%, n = 10, 12 wk = −58.7 ± 4.6%, n = 12, P < 0.05) but not in SHRs (3 wk = −27.6 ± 5.9%, n = 11, 12 wk = −25.1 ± 3.2%, n = 11). The decreased inhibitory effect of another D1-like agonist, fenoldopam, on NHE3 activity in SHRs was not caused by increased activity and binding of Gβγ to NHE3 as has been reported in young WKY rats. Gsα mediates, in part, the inhibitory effect of D1-like agonists on NHE3 activity. In WKY rats, fenoldopam increased Gsα/NHE3 binding to the same extent in 2-wk-old (1.5-fold, n = 4) and adult (1.5-fold, n = 4) rats. In contrast, in SHRs, fenoldopam decreased the amount of Gsα bound to NHE3 in 2-wk-old SHRs and had no effect in 4-wk-old and adult SHRs. These studies indicate that the decreased inhibitory effect of D1-like agonists on NHE3 activity in SHRs (compared with WKY rats) precedes the development of hypertension. This may be caused, in part, by a decreased interaction between Gsα and NHE3 in BBM secondary to impaired D1-like receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, USA
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25
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Li X, Albrecht FE, Xu J, Robillard JE, Eisner GM, Jose PA. [Regulation of NHE3 by D1 dopamine receptor during development of spontaneously hypertensive rats]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2001; 81:549-52. [PMID: 11809121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if spontaneous hypertension is secondary to defective interaction among dopamine receptor, G protein, and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3). METHODS The inhibitory effect of a D(1) dopamine agonist upon NHE3 activity and its impact upon G(s)alpha/NHE3 binding in renal brush border membrane (BBM) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) 2 - 3 weeks before and 12 weeks after the establishment of hypertension were examined. In order to avoid the confounding influence of second messenger on D(1) receptor/NHE3 interaction, study was made in BBM devoid of cytoplasmic component. RESULTS NHE3 activity increased with age in Wister-Kyoto (WKY) rats but not in SHRS. D1 receptor expression did change with age in both WKY rats and SHRs. The inhibitory effect of a D(1)-like agonist on NHE3 activity increased with age in WKY rats but not in SHRs. In WKY rats, another D(1)-like agonist, fedoldopam, increased G(s)alpha/NHE3 binding to the same extent in 2 week old and adult rats, but decreased the amount of G(s)(alpha)bound to NHE3 in 2 week old SHRs. CONCLUSION The decrease of inhibitory effect of D(1)-like agonist upon NHE3 activity in SHRs precedes the development of hypertension. Spontaneous hypertension may be caused, in part, by a decreased interaction between G(s)alpha and NHE3 in BBM secondary to D(1)-like receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat - sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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26
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D'Souza UM, Wang W, Gao DQ, Kanda S, Lee G, Junn E, Hwang CK, Jose PA, Mouradian MM. Characterization of the 5' flanking region of the rat D(3) dopamine receptor gene. J Neurochem 2001; 76:1736-44. [PMID: 11259491 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The D(3) dopamine receptor has a restricted regional distribution in brain and is regulated by dopaminergic agents. Additionally, the D(3) gene is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders or in their response to pharmacological agents. Elucidating its transcription control mechanisms is therefore of interest in order to explain these biological features of the D(3) gene. In this study, the 5' flanking region of the rat D(3) gene was characterized by isolating the 5' end of its cDNA as well as 4.6 kb of genomic sequence. Analysis of this region revealed the presence of two new exons 196-bp and 120-bp long, separated by an 855-bp intron, located several kilobases upstream of the previously published coding exons. Thus, current evidence indicates that the rat D(3) gene is organized into eight exons. Transcription initiation site was determined by primer extension analysis and repeated rounds of 5' RACE and was found to localize at a pyrimidine-rich consensus 'initiator' sequence, similar to the rat D(2) gene. The D(3) promoter lacks TATA or CAAT boxes but unlike that of other dopamine receptor genes has only 52% GC content. Functional analysis of D(3) promoter deletion mutants fused to a reporter gene in TE671 cells, which endogenously express this gene, revealed strong transcriptional activity localized within 36 nucleotides upstream of transcription start site, and a potent silencer between bases --37 and --537. The D(3) promoter is inactive in C6 and COS7 cells. We conclude that the D(3) gene, similar to the closely related D(2) gene, is transcribed from a tissue specific promoter which is under intense negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M D'Souza
- Genetic Pharmacology Unit, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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27
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Abstract
The impaired renal paracrine function of dopamine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is caused by hyperphosphorylation and desensitization of the renal D(1) dopamine receptor. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP(2A)) is critical in the regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor function. To determine whether PP(2A) expression and activity in the kidney are differentially regulated in genetic hypertension, we examined the effects of a D(1)-like agonist, fenoldopam, in renal cortical tubules and immortalized renal proximal tubule cells from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR. In cortical tubules and immortalized proximal tubule cells, PP(2A) expression and activities were greater in cytosol than in membrane fractions in both WKY and SHR. Although PP(2A) expressions were similar in WKY and SHR, basal PP(2A) activity was greater in immortalized proximal tubule cells of SHR than WKY. In immortalized proximal tubule cells of WKY, fenoldopam increased membrane PP(2A) activity and expression of the regulatory subunit PP(2A)-B56alpha, effects that were blocked by the D(1)-like antagonist SCH23390. Fenoldopam had no effect on cytosolic PP(2A) activity but decreased PP(2A)-B56alpha expression. In contrast, in immortalized proximal tubule cells of SHR, fenoldopam decreased PP(2A) activity in both membranes and cytosol but predominantly in the membrane fraction, without affecting PP(2A)-B56alpha expression; this effect was blocked by the D(1)-like antagonist SCH23390. We conclude that renal PP(2A) activity and expression are differentially regulated in WKY and SHR by D(1)-like receptors. A failure of D(1)-like agonists to increase PP(2A) activity in proximal tubule membranes may be a cause of the increased phosphorylation of the D(1) receptor in the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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28
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Xu J, Li XX, Albrecht FE, Hopfer U, Carey RM, Jose PA. Dopamine(1) receptor, G(salpha), and Na(+)-H(+) exchanger interactions in the kidney in hypertension. Hypertension 2000; 36:395-9. [PMID: 10988271 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.36.3.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of dopamine(1) (D(1)) receptors to inhibit luminal Na(+)-H(+) exchanger (NHE) activity in renal proximal tubules and induce a natriuresis is impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, it is not clear whether the defect is at the level of the D(1) receptor, G(salpha), or effector proteins. The coupling of the D(1) receptor to G(salpha) and NHE3 was studied in renal brush border membranes (BBM), devoid of cytoplasmic second messengers. D(1) receptor, G(salpha), and NHE3 expressions were similar in SHR and their normotensive controls, Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Guanosine-5'-O:-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS) decreased NHE activity and increased NHE3 linked with G(salpha) similarly in WKY and SHR, indicating normal G(salpha) and NHE3 regulation in SHR. However, D(1) agonists increased NHE3 linked with G(salpha) in WKY but not in SHR, and the inhibitory effects of D(1) agonists on NHE activity were less in SHR than in WKY. Moreover, GTPgammaS enhanced the inhibitory effect of D(1) agonist on NHE activity in WKY but not in SHR, suggesting an uncoupling of the D(1) receptor from G(salpha)/NHE3 in SHR. Similar results were obtained with the use of immortalized renal proximal tubule cells from WKY and SHR. We conclude that the defective D(1) receptor function in renal proximal tubules in SHR is proximal to G(salpha)/effectors and presumably at the receptor level. The mechanism(s) responsible for the uncoupling of the D(1) receptor from G proteins remains to be determined. Because the primary structure of the D(1) receptor is not different between normotensive and hypertensive rats, differences in D(1) receptor posttranslational modification are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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29
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Williams SM, Addy JH, Phillips JA, Dai M, Kpodonu J, Afful J, Jackson H, Joseph K, Eason F, Murray MM, Epperson P, Aduonum A, Wong LJ, Jose PA, Felder RA. Combinations of variations in multiple genes are associated with hypertension. Hypertension 2000; 36:2-6. [PMID: 10904004 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.36.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The genetic analysis of hypertension has revealed complex and inconsistent results, making it difficult to draw clear conclusions regarding the impact of specific genes on blood pressure regulation in diverse human populations. Some of the confusion from previous studies is probably due to undetected gene-gene interactions. Instead of focusing on the effects of single genes on hypertension, we examined the effects of interactions of alleles at 4 candidate loci. Three of the loci are in the renin-angiotensin-system, angiotensinogen, ACE, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and they have been associated with hypertension in at least 1 previous study. The fourth locus studied is a previously undescribed locus, named FJ. In total, 7 polymorphic sites at these loci were analyzed for their association with hypertension in 51 normotensive and 126 hypertensive age-matched individuals. There were no significant differences between the 2 phenotypic classes with respect to either allele or genotype frequencies. However, when we tested for nonallelic associations (linkage disequilibrium), we found that of the 120 multilocus comparisons, 16 deviated significantly from random in the hypertensive class, but there were no significant deviations in the normotensive group. These findings suggest that genetic interactions between multiple loci rather than variants of a single gene underlie the genetic basis of hypertension in our study subjects. We hypothesize that such interactions may account for the inconsistent findings in previous studies because, unlike our study, prior studies almost always examined single-locus effects and did not consider the effects of variation at other potentially interacting loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA.
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30
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Abstract
During the past decade, it has become evident that dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Dopamine exerts its actions through two families of dopamine receptors, designated D1-like and D2-like, which are identical in the brain and in peripheral tissues. The two D1-like receptors--D1 and D5 receptors--expressed in mammals are linked to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. The three D2-like receptors--D2, D3, and D4,--are linked to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Dopamine affects fluid and electrolyte balance by regulation of renal excretion of electrolytes and water through actions on renal hemodynamics and tubular epithelial transport and by modulation of the secretion and/or action of vasopressin, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, and endothelin B receptors (ETB) receptors. It also affects fluid and sodium intake by way of "appetite" centers in the brain and alterations of gastrointestinal tract transport. The production of dopamine in neural and non-neural tissues and the presence of receptors in these tissues suggest that dopamine can act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. This renal autocrine-paracrine function, which becomes most evident during extracellular fluid volume expansion, is lost in essential hypertension and in some animal models of genetic hypertension. This deficit may be caused by abnormalities in renal dopamine production and polymorphisms or abnormal post-translational modification and regulation of dopamine receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Jose
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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31
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Abstract
The mechanism(s) by which dopamine inhibits Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the renal proximal tubule is still controversial. We studied the short-term effects of dopamine on the sodium pump in rat renal proximal tubule suspensions with the 86Rb uptake method. Dopamine and the D1-like agonist, SKF81297, initially stimulated Na+-K+-ATPase activity at 5 min and subsequently inhibited it at 10 min and 20 min; the inhibition by 10 microM dopamine at 20 min was 21.3 +/- 4.5%. The inhibitory effect of dopamine on Na+-K+-ATPase activity was mimicked by thymeleatoxin (a classical protein kinase C [PKC] agonist) while Sp-8-CPT-cAMPS (a protein kinase A [PKA] agonist) had no effect. However, the combination of the PKC and PKA agonists mimicked the biphasic effects of dopamine and SKF81297. Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS (a PKA inhibitor), U-73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor), or calphostin C (a PKC inhibitor), blocked the dopamine-mediated biphasic effects on Na+-K+-ATPase activity. It is suggested that the biphasic effects of dopamine on Na+-K+-ATPase activity (an initial stimulation and a subsequent inhibition) are transduced by activating both PKA and PKC through a D1-like receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aoki
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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32
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Li XX, Albrecht FE, Robillard JE, Eisner GM, Jose PA. Gbeta regulation of Na/H exchanger-3 activity in rat renal proximal tubules during development. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000; 278:R931-6. [PMID: 10749781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.4.r931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The decreased natriuretic action of dopamine in the young has been attributed to decreased generation of cAMP by the activated renal D(1)-like receptor. However, sodium/hydrogen exchanger (NHE) 3 activity in renal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) can be modulated independent of cytoplasmic second messengers. We therefore studied D(1)-like receptor regulation of NHE activity in BBMVs in 2-, 4-, and 12-wk-old (adult) rats. Basal NHE activity was least in 2-wk-old compared with 4- and 12-wk-old rats. D(1)-like agonist (SKF-81297) inhibition of NHE activity was also least in 2-wk-old (-1 +/- 9%, n = 3) compared with 4 (-15 +/- 5%, n = 6)- and 12 (-65 +/- 4%, n = 6)-wk-old rats. The decreased response to the D(1)-like agonist in BBMV was not caused by decreased D(1) receptors or NHE3 expression in the young. G(s)alpha, which inhibits NHE3 activity by itself, coimmunoprecipitated with NHE3 to the same extent in 2-wk-old and adult rats. G(s)alpha function was also not impaired in the young because guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) decreased NHE activity to a similar extent in 4-wk-old and adult rats. Galpha(i-3) protein expression in BBMV also did not change with age. In contrast, Gbeta expression and the amount of Gbeta that coimmunoprecipitated with NHE3 in BBMV was greatest in 2-wk-old rats and decreased with age. Gbeta common antibodies did not affect D(1)-like agonist inhibition of NHE activity in adult rats (8%) but markedly increased it (48%)in 4-wk-old rats. We conclude that the decreased inhibitory effect of D(1)-like receptors on NHE activity in BBMV in young rats is caused, in part, by the increased expression and activity of the G protein subunit Gbeta/gamma. The direct regulation of NHE activity by G protein subunits may be an important step in the maturation of renal tubular ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, USA
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Albrecht FE, Xu J, Moe OW, Hopfer U, Simonds WF, Orlowski J, Jose PA. Regulation of NHE3 activity by G protein subunits in renal brush-border membranes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000; 278:R1064-73. [PMID: 10749796 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.4.r1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NHE3 activity is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes and membrane recycling in intact cells. However, the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) can also be regulated by G proteins independent of cytoplasmic second messengers, but the G protein subunits involved in this regulation are not known. Therefore, we studied G protein subunit regulation of NHE3 activity in renal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) in a system devoid of cytoplasmic components and second messengers. Basal NHE3 activity was not regulated by G(s)alpha or G(i)alpha, because antibodies to these G proteins by themselves were without effect. The inhibitory effect of D(1)-like agonists on NHE3 activity was mediated, in part, by G(s)alpha, because it was partially reversed by anti-G(s)alpha antibodies. Moreover, the amount of G(s)alpha that coimmunoprecipitated with NHE3 was increased by fenoldopam in both brush-border membranes and renal proximal tubule cells. Furthermore, guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) but not guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate), the inactive analog of GDP, increased the amount of G(s)alpha that coimmunoprecipitated with NHE3. The alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist, UK-14304 or pertussis toxin (PTX) alone had no effect on NHE3 activity, but UK-14304 and PTX treatment attenuated the D(1)-like receptor-mediated NHE3 inhibition. The ability of UK-14304 to attenuate the D(1)-like agonist effect was not due to G(i)alpha, because the attenuation was not blocked by anti-G(i)alpha antibodies or by PTX. Anti-Gbeta(common) antibodies, by themselves, slightly inhibited NHE3 activity but had little effect on D(1)-like receptor-mediated NHE3 inhibition. However, anti-Gbeta(common) antibodies reversed the effects of UK-14304 and PTX on D(1)-like agonist-mediated NHE3 inhibition. These studies provide concrete evidence of a direct regulatory role for G(s)alpha, independent of second messengers, in the D(1)-like-mediated inhibition of NHE3 activity in rat renal BBMV. In addition, beta/gamma dimers of heterotrimeric G proteins appear to have a stimulatory effect on NHE3 activity in BBMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Albrecht
- Departments of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, USA
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Abstract
Dopamine modulates cardiovascular function by actions in the central and peripheral nervous system, by altering the secretion/release of prolactin, pro-opiomelanocortin, vasopressin, aldosterone, and renin, and by directly affecting renal function. Dopamine produced by the renal proximal tubule exerts an autocrine/paracrine action via two classes of dopamine receptors, D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, and D4), that are differentially expressed along the nephron. The autocrine/paracrine function of dopamine, manifested by tubular rather than by haemodynamic mechanisms, becomes most evident during extracellular fluid volume expansion. This renal autocrine/paracrine function is lost in essential hypertension and in some animal models of genetic hypertension. The molecular basis for the dopaminergic dysfunction in hypertension may involve an abnormal post-translational modification of dopamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Center for the Health Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Sanada H, Jose PA, Hazen-Martin D, Yu PY, Xu J, Bruns DE, Phipps J, Carey RM, Felder RA. Dopamine-1 receptor coupling defect in renal proximal tubule cells in hypertension. Hypertension 1999; 33:1036-42. [PMID: 10205244 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.33.4.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the dopamine-1 (D1)-like receptor to stimulate adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phospholipase C (PLC), inhibit sodium transport in the renal proximal tubule (RPT), and produce natriuresis is attenuated in several rat models of hypertension. Since the inhibitory effect of D1-like receptors on RPT sodium transport is also reduced in some patients with essential hypertension, we measured D1-like receptor coupling to AC and PLC in cultures of human RPT cells from normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) subjects. Basal cAMP concentrations were the same in NT (n=6) and HT (n=4). However, the D1-like receptor agonist fenoldopam increased cAMP production to a greater extent in NT (maximum response=67+/-1%) than in HT (maximum response=17+/-5%), with a potency ratio of 105. Dopamine also increased cAMP production to a greater extent in NT (32+/-3%) than in HT (14+/-3%). The fenoldopam-mediated increase in cAMP production was blocked by SCH23390 (a D1-like receptor antagonist) and by antisense D1 oligonucleotides in both HT and NT, indicating action at the D1 receptor. The stimulatory effects of forskolin and parathyroid hormone-related protein of cAMP accumulation were not statistically different in NT and HT, indicating receptor specificity and an intact G-protein/AC pathway. The fenoldopam-stimulated PLC activity was not impaired in HT, and the primary sequence and expression of the D1 receptor were the same in NT and HT. However, D1 receptor serine phosphorylation in the basal state was greater in HT than in NT and was not responsive to fenoldopam stimulation in HT. These studies demonstrate the expression of D1 receptors in human RPT cells in culture. The uncoupling of the D1 receptor in both rats (previously described) and humans (described here) suggests that this mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension; the uncoupling may be due to ligand-independent phosphorylation of the D1 receptor in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sanada
- University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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36
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Jose PA, Eisner GM, Felder RA. Role of dopamine in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl 1999; 26:S10-3. [PMID: 10386248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
1. Dopamine, via different dopamine receptor subtypes, regulates cardiovascular functions by actions on the central and peripheral nervous systems, vascular smooth muscle, the heart and the kidney. The dopaminergic system in the central nervous system (CNS) may participate in the regulation of systemic blood pressure. 2. Dopamine 'D2-like' (D2, D3 and D4) receptors, rather than 'D1-like' (D1 and D5) receptors, are involved in the CNS regulation of blood pressure; post-synaptic D2-like receptors increase blood pressure, while presynaptic D2-like receptors (the predominant action) produce the opposite effect. 3. Outside the CNS, dopamine may regulate blood pressure via pressure controls that act with intermediate rapidity (e.g. stress relaxation, arginine vasopressin and renin-angiotensin vasoconstriction), as well as those systems related to the long-term control of body fluid volume. 4. Dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors have been described in resistance vessels, such as the renal, mesenteric, coronary, pulmonary and cerebral arteries. The ability of D1-like receptors to inhibit renal smooth muscle hypertrophy indicates their importance in longer-term regulation of blood pressure. 5. Aberrant dopaminergic regulation of aldosterone secretion, via D2-like receptors, has been reported to be involved in some forms of hyperaldosteronism and hypertension. Some forms of hypertension may also be caused by an aberrant renal dopaminergic system. Abnormalities of three aspects of the renal dopaminergic system may lead to hypertension: (i) renal production of dopamine; (ii) transduction of the renal vascular dopamine signal; and (iii) transduction of the renal tubular dopamine signal. 6. Thus, increased blood pressure occurs after either blockade of D1-like receptors or of dopamine production in rats or disruption of the D1 receptor or the D3 receptor gene in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Jose
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20007, USA.
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Abstract
-Dopamine, via D1-like receptors, stimulates the activity of both protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC), which results in inhibition of renal sodium transport. Since D1-like receptors differentially regulate sodium transport in normotensive and hypertensive rats, they may also differentially regulate PKC expression in these rat strains. Thus, 2 different D1-like agonists (fenoldopam or SKF 38393) were infused into the renal artery of anesthetized normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (n=5 to 6/drug/strain). Ten or 60 minutes after starting the D1-like agonist infusion, both the infused kidney and the noninfused kidney that served as control were prepared for analysis. The D1-like agonists produced a greater diuresis and natriuresis and inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase activity in proximal tubule (PT) and medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) to a greater extent in WKY (Delta20+/-1%) than in SHR (Delta7+/-1%, P<0.001). D1-like agonists had no effect on PKC-alpha or PKC-lambda expression in either membrane or cytosol but increased PKC-theta expression in PT in both WKY and SHR at 10 minutes but not at 60 minutes. However, membranous PKC-delta expression in PT and mTAL decreased in WKY but increased in SHR with either 10 or 60 minutes of D1-like agonist infusion. D1-like agonists also decreased membranous PKC-zeta expression in PT and mTAL in WKY but increased it in PT but not in mTAL in SHR. We conclude that there is differential regulation of PKC isoform expression by D1-like agonists that inhibits membranous PKC-delta and PKC-zeta in WKY but stimulates them in SHR; this effect in SHR is similar to the stimulatory effect of norepinephrine and angiotensin II and may be a mechanism for their differential effects on sodium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Yao
- Walter Reed Army Medical Centers and Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Abstract
During the past decade, it has become evident that dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure. Dopamine exerts its actions via a class of cell-surface receptors coupled to G-proteins that belong to the rhodopsin family. Dopamine receptors have been classified into two families based on pharmacologic and molecular cloning studies. In mammals, two D1-like receptors that have been cloned, the D1 and D5 receptors (known as D1A and D1B, respectively, in rodents), are linked to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. Three D2-like receptors that have been cloned (D2, D3, and D4) are linked to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and Ca2+ channels and stimulation of K+ channels. All the mammalian dopamine receptors, initially cloned from the brain, have been found to be expressed outside the central nervous system, in such sites as the adrenal gland, blood vessels, carotid body, intestines, heart, parathyroid gland, and the kidney and urinary tract. Dopamine receptor subtypes are differentially expressed along the nephron, where they regulate renal hemodynamics and electrolyte and water transport, as well as renin secretion. The ability of renal proximal tubules to produce dopamine and the presence of receptors in these tubules suggest that dopamine can act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion; this action becomes most evident during extracellular fluid volume expansion. This renal autocrine/paracrine function is lost in essential hypertension and in some animal models of genetic hypertension; disruption of the D1 or D3 receptor produces hypertension in mice. In humans with essential hypertension, renal dopamine production in response to sodium loading is often impaired and may contribute to the hypertension. The molecular basis for the dopaminergic dysfunction in hypertension is not known, but may involve an abnormal post-translational modification of the dopamine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Jose
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Jose PA, Asico LD, Eisner GM, Pocchiari F, Semeraro C, Felder RA. Effects of costimulation of dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors on renal function. Am J Physiol 1998; 275:R986-94. [PMID: 9756526 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.4.r986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies have suggested that dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors interact to inhibit renal sodium transport. We used Z-1046, a dopamine receptor agonist with the rank-order potency D3 >/= D4 > D2 > D5 > D1, to test the hypothesis that D1- and D2-like receptors interact to inhibit renal sodium transport in vivo in anesthetized rats. Increasing doses of Z-1046, administered via the right renal artery, increased renal blood flow (RBF), urine flow, and absolute and fractional sodium excretion without affecting glomerular filtration rate. For determination of the dopamine receptor involved in the renal functional effects of Z-1046, another group of rats received Z-1046 at 2 microgram . kg-1 . min-1 (n = 10) in the presence or absence of the D2-like receptor antagonist domperidone and/or the D1-like antagonist SCH-23390. Domperidone alone had no effect but blocked the Z-1046-mediated increase in urine flow and sodium excretion; it enhanced the increase in RBF after Z-1046. SCH-23390 by itself decreased urine flow and sodium excretion without affecting RBF and blocked the diuretic, natriuretic, and renal vasodilatory effect of Z-1046. We conclude that the renal vasodilatory effect of Z-1046 is D1-like receptor dependent, whereas the diuretic and natriuretic effects are both D1- and D2-like receptor dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Jose
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, USA
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Asico LD, Ladines C, Fuchs S, Accili D, Carey RM, Semeraro C, Pocchiari F, Felder RA, Eisner GM, Jose PA. Disruption of the dopamine D3 receptor gene produces renin-dependent hypertension. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:493-8. [PMID: 9691085 PMCID: PMC508909 DOI: 10.1172/jci3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since dopamine receptors are important in the regulation of renal and cardiovascular function, we studied the cardiovascular consequences of the disruption of the D3 receptor, a member of the family of D2-like receptors, expressed in renal proximal tubules and juxtaglomerular cells. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher (approximately 20 mmHg) in heterozygous and homozygous than in wild-type mice. An acute saline load increased urine flow rate and sodium excretion to a similar extent in wild-type and heterozygous mice but the increase was attenuated in homozygous mice. Renal renin activity was much greater in homozygous than in wild-type mice; values for heterozygous mice were intermediate. Blockade of angiotensin II subtype-1 receptors decreased systolic blood pressure for a longer duration in mutant than in wild-type mice. Thus, disruption of the D3 receptor increases renal renin production and produces renal sodium retention and renin-dependent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Asico
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007, USA
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41
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Abstract
The resistance of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) kidney to the natriuretic effect of dopamine and D1 agonists may be due to increased renal nerve activity. Therefore, we compared the effects of the intrarenal arterial infusion of the D1 agonist, SKF 38383, into the denervated (DNX) kidney of saline-loaded-anesthetized SHR and its control, the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. In both WKY and SHR, DNX of the left kidney slightly decreased urine flow (UV) and absolute (UNaV) and fractional sodium excretion (FENa) in the innervated right kidney; neither vehicle nor D1 agonist infusion exerted any effect. In the left kidney, denervation increased UV, UNaV, and FENa to a similar degree in WKY and SHR (2-fold), without affecting renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, or blood pressure. In WKY but not in SHR, after DNX, the D1 agonist dose-dependently increased UV, UNaV, and FENa in the denervated kidney. We conclude that the decreased natriuretic effect of D1 agonists in the SHR is not due to increased renal nerve activity. These data support our previous studies implicating a defect of the D1 receptor or its regulation in the kidney in genetic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Asico
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007-2197, USA
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Jose
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007, USA
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43
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Abstract
The D1A dopamine receptor gene consists of a short, noncoding exon 1 separated from a longer coding exon 2 by a small intron. Recently, we found that in addition to its original TATA-less promoter located upstream of exon 1, the human D1A dopamine receptor gene is transcribed in neural cells from a second strong promoter located in its intron. In the present study, we addressed the possibility that these two promoters are used for the tissue-specific regulation of the D1A gene in neuronal and renal cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that D1A transcripts in the kidneys of humans and rats lack exon 1. Transient transfection analysis of these two promoters in D1A-expressing cells indicated that the upstream promoter has no detectable activity in the opossum kidney (OK) cell line, in contrast to its strong activity in two neuronal cell lines, SK-N-MC and NS20Y. On the other hand, the D1A intron promoter showed transcriptional activity both in OK cells and in neuronal cells. The activator sequence AR1, which enhances transcription from the upstream promoter in SK-N-MC and NS20Y cells, could not activate this promoter in OK cells. In addition, no protein binding to AR1 could be detected by gel mobility shift assay using nuclear extracts from either OK cells or from rat kidney tissue. These findings indicate that the differential expression of short and long D1A transcripts is due, at least in part, to the tissue-specific expression of the activator protein binding to AR1 driving transcription from the upstream promoter. Absence of this activator protein accounts for the nonfunctional D1A upstream promoter in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1406, USA
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44
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Abstract
An attenuated natriuretic response to dopamine and D1 agonists in genetic hypertension has been attributed to an uncoupling of the renal D1 dopamine receptor from its G protein-effector protein complex. We have reported that in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats the natriuresis induced by calcium channel blockers is caused in part by activation of renal D1 dopamine receptors. We tested the interaction between the renal D1 receptor and a calcium channel blocker, diltiazem, infused into a renal artery of anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) acutely loaded with 5% saline. Diltiazem produced a 50% increase in renal blood flow and nearly tripled absolute and fractional sodium excretion; urine flow rate more than doubled, but glomerular filtration rate did not change. However, the D1 receptor antagonist SKF-83742, which had no effect by itself, did not diminish the response to diltiazem. In a separate group of concurrent experiments, we found that the diltiazem-induced natriuresis was associated with a decrease in Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase activity in the renal medulla of SHR. In contrast, in WKY rats, no changes were noted in the renal medulla but a decrease in Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase activity was noted in the renal cortex. Diltiazem had no effect on urinary dopamine excretion in either rat strain. We conclude that diltiazem induces natriuresis differently in SHR and WKY rats; it is independent of D1 receptors in SHR and is in great part mediated by renal hemodynamic, rather than by cortical tubular, effects. These studies support previous findings of a defective renal cortical tubular D1 mechanism in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Eisner
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, USA
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Yamaguchi I, Yao L, Sanada H, Ozono R, Mouradian MM, Jose PA, Carey RM, Felder RA. Dopamine D1A receptors and renin release in rat juxtaglomerular cells. Hypertension 1997; 29:962-8. [PMID: 9095084 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.29.4.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Two dopamine D1-like receptors have been cloned from mammals, the D1 and D5 receptors, also known as D1A and D1B receptors, respectively, in rodents. Although D1-like receptors are known to stimulate renin release, the receptor subtype mediating this action has not been determined. We investigated D1 receptor subtype expression in rat juxtaglomerular cells obtained after enzymatic dispersion of kidney cortex and differential centrifugation. Juxtaglomerular cells in primary culture were immunocytochemically 85% to 95% renin positive. These cells expressed the D1A but not the D1B receptor (mRNA and protein). D1-like receptor function was demonstrated by a concentration-dependent stimulation of cAMP production by dopamine (n = 5-9 per group). Fenoldopam, a D1-like receptor agonist, also caused a concentration-dependent increase in cAMP production and renin secretion that was blocked by the selective D1-like receptor antagonist SCH23390 (n = 4-13 per group). Although the D1 ligands do not distinguish between the cloned D1-like receptors, the actions of fenoldopam were due to occupancy of the D1A receptor: (1) the D1B receptor, the only other mammalian D1-like receptor, is not expressed in juxtaglomerular cells; (2) antisense but not sense D1A oligonucleotides completely blocked the stimulatory effect of fenoldopam on cAMP production and renin secretion. We conclude that there is selective dopamine receptor gene expression in juxtaglomerular cells; the dopamine receptor subtype linked to the stimulation of cAMP and renin secretion in juxtaglomerular cells is the D1A subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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46
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Abstract
Dopamine, an intrarenal regulator of sodium transport, is important in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The transduction of D1-like receptors in renal proximal tubules is defective in animal models of genetic hypertension. The defect is associated with an impaired regulation of proximal tubular sodium transport and cosegregates with hypertension in rats. Moreover, mice lacking one or both D1A receptor alleles develop hypertension. Extrasynaptic D3 receptors in renal tubules and juxtaglomerular cells may also regulate renal sodium transport and renin secretion while presynaptic D3 receptors may act as autoreceptors to inhibit neural norepinephrine release. Mice lacking one or both D3 alleles have elevated systolic blood pressure and developed diastolic hypertension. Although basal urine flow, sodium excretion, and glomerular filtration rate are similar, mice homozygous to the D3 receptor have an impaired ability to excrete an acute saline load compared to heterozygous and wild type mice. These studies suggest that abnormalities in dopamine receptor genes or their regulation may lead to the development of hypertension via different pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Jose
- Georgetown University Children's Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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47
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Abstract
D2-like receptors in the kidney have been suggested to be important in the regulation of renin release but the D2-like subtype(s) expressed in juxtaglomerular (JG) cells is not known. Therefore, we determined which of the D2-like family of dopamine receptors is located in primary cultures of rat juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) identified D3 and D4 but not D2Long mRNA in JG cells (n = 3). D3 receptor function was demonstrated by a concentration-dependent inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production by LY-171555 (a non-selective D2-like receptor agonist) and PD-128593 (a partially selective D3 agonist) (n = 3-7/group). The stimulatory action of LY-171555 and PD-128593 we blocked by the non-selective D2-like antagonist YM-09151. We conclude that D3 and D4 dopamine receptor subtypes are expressed in JG cells; the receptor subtype linked to the inhibition of cAMP in JG cells remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sanada
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Center for the Health Sciences, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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48
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Abstract
Dopamine receptors are present in the medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) of Henle, but their effect on ion transport in this nephron segment has not been tested. Therefore, we studied the short-term effects of dopamine on Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport (assessed by 100 microM bumetanide-sensitive 86Rb uptake) in rat mTAL tubular suspensions. Dopamine (1 microM) stimulated bumetanide-sensitive 86Rb uptake (72.1 +/- 10.6% vs. control, n = 5) by increasing total 86Rb uptake and by decreasing bumetanide-insensitive 86Rb uptake; this effect was concentration dependent. The dopamine-induced stimulation of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport activity was mimicked by calyculin A, a protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitor, and Sp isomer of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (Sp-cAMP[S]), a protein kinase A (PKA) agonist, and blocked by Rp isomer of 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP[S] (Rp-8-CPT-cAMP[S]), a PKA inhibitor (n = 5). Dopamine did not increase the stimulatory effect of the PP inhibitor. However, the stimulatory effect of the PP inhibitor and PKA agonist was additive and approached the stimulatory effect of dopamine. The stimulatory effects of dopamine, PP inhibitor, and PKA agonist persisted even when intracellular sodium was clamped by 5 microM monensin. When K+ channels were blocked by 1 mM BaCl2, the effects of dopamine and calyculin A on the cotransport were no longer apparent, although the stimulatory effect of the PKA agonist was attenuated. We conclude that dopamine stimulates Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport activity. This action is mediated mainly by PKA-dependent phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes and modulated by dopamine actions on K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aoki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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49
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Jose PA, Felder RA. What we can learn from the selective manipulation of dopaminergic receptors about the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1996; 5:447-51. [PMID: 8937815 DOI: 10.1097/00041552-199609000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The natriuretic response that accompanies an acute or a chronic sodium load results, in a large part, from dopamine produced by the renal proximal tubules. This paracrine/ autocrine effect of dopamine, mediated by occupancy of renal tubular dopamine D1 receptors, is impaired in spontaneous hypertension. Disruption of the D1A receptor gene in mice increases blood pressure. The D3 receptor is also present in renal proximal tubules and juxtaglomerular cells, and it may be an inhibitor of renin release. Disruption of the D3 receptor gene in mice also increases blood pressure, but the ability to excrete a sodium chloride load is not impaired. Thus, selective manipulation of dopamine receptor subtypes might aid in studies of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and the design of novel drugs to treat high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Jose
- Georgetown University Children's Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007-2197, USA
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Abstract
In LTK- cells stably transfected with rat D1A receptor cDNA, fenoldopam, a D1 agonist, increased phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in a time-dependent manner. In the cytosol, phospholipase C (PLC) activity increased (50 +/- 7%) in 30 s, returned to basal level at 4 h, and decreased below basal values by 24 h; in the membrane, PLC activity also increased (36 +/- 13%) in 30 s, returned to basal level at 10 min, and decreased below basal value at 4 and 24 h. Fenoldopam also increased PLC-gamma protein in a time-dependent manner. The latter was blocked by the D1 antagonist SKF83742 and by a D1A antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, indicating involvement of the D1A receptor. The fenoldopam-induced increase in PLC-gamma and activity was mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) since it was blocked by the PKA antagonist Rp-8-CTP-adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphorothioate (Rp-8-CTP-cAMP-S) and mimicked by direct stimulation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin or by a PKA agonist, Sp-cAMP-S. Protein kinase C (PKC) was also involved, since the fenoldopam-induced increase in PLC-gamma protein was blocked by two different PKC inhibitors, calphostin C and chelerythrine; calphostin C also blocked the fenoldopam-induced increase in PLC activity. In addition, forskolin and a PKA agonist, Sp-8-CTP-cAMP-S, increased PKC activity, and direct stimulation of PKC with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased PLC-gamma protein and activity, effects that were blocked by calphostin C. We suggest that the D1A-mediated stimulation of PLC occurs as a result of PKA activation. PKA then stimulates PLC-gamma in cytosol and membrane via activation of PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20007, USA
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