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Jawla J, Kumar RR, Mendiratta SK, Agarwal RK, Kumari S, Saxena V, Kumar D, Singh P, Boby N, Rana P. Paper-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification and lateral flow (LAMP-LF) assay for identification of tissues of cattle origin. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1150:338220. [PMID: 33583554 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was made with the objectives of development and standardization of cattle specific paper-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification cum lateral flow assay (LAMP-LFA), as a Point-of-care test (POCT) for identification of tissue of cattle origin. The components of standardized LAMP reaction utilizing cattle specific primer sets were lyophilized over paper buttons, identified best as the carrier of LAMP reagents. Based on probable LAMP amplicon, a pair of probes was designed, tagged and its hybridization with the amplified product of paper LAMP reaction was optimized. The components of lateral flow assay for detection of probe hybridized LAMP products were standardized. Analysis of successful amplification was made by using HNB dye, LAMP-LFA strip, and also by the typical ladder-like pattern on gel electrophoresis. The assay was found highly specific for cattle with an analytical sensitivity of 0.1 pg of absolute DNA. Laboratory validation carried out on samples from different individuals of cattle, coded samples, binary meat admixture, and heat-processed cattle tissues substantiated the accuracy of the assay. Comparison with pre-standardized species-specific PCR assay taken as gold standards revealed 100% conformity. The field utility of the developed assay was further established by its compatibility with the commercial kit eliminating the lengthy DNA extraction step and storage stability of LAMP reagent carrier buttons for 4 months under refrigeration. Thus, the developed assay capable of the result within 3 h in resource-limited settings can be used as POCT for identification of tissue of cattle origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Jawla
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajiv Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
| | - S K Mendiratta
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
| | - R K Agarwal
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, PGIVER, RAJUVAS, Jaipur, India.
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Center for Vascular & Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
| | - Praveen Singh
- I/C CIF Bioengineering, Division of Vet Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
| | - Nongthombam Boby
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
| | - Preeti Rana
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, CVASc, DUVASU, Mathura, India.
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Ramprakash S, Agarwal RK, Dhanya R, Sedai A, Kumari A, Parmar L, Srinivas R, Kakulamari VR, Marwah P, Soni R, Williams S, Rathnayake W, Sen S, Tulpule S, Faulkner L. Rejection of paternal vs maternal fully matched bone marrow grafts in children with thalassemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1585-1586. [PMID: 28920948 PMCID: PMC5671933 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ramprakash
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, People Tree Hospitals, Bangalore, India
| | | | - R Dhanya
- Sankalp India Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - A Sedai
- Sankalp India Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - A Kumari
- Sankalp India Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - L Parmar
- Sankalp India Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - R Srinivas
- Sankalp India Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | | | - P Marwah
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, South East Asia Institute for Thalassemia, Jaipur, India
| | - R Soni
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, South East Asia Institute for Thalassemia, Jaipur, India
| | - S Williams
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Nawaloka Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - W Rathnayake
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Nawaloka Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - S Sen
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - S Tulpule
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - L Faulkner
- Cure2Children Foundation, Florence, Italy
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Chethan GE, Garkhal J, Sircar S, Malik YPS, Mukherjee R, Gupta VK, Sahoo NR, Agarwal RK, De UK. Changes of haemogram and serum biochemistry in neonatal piglet diarrhoea associated with porcine rotavirus type A. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1517-1522. [PMID: 28752213 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Porcine rotavirus type A (RVA) is a major cause of neonatal piglet mortality in India. The effect of the disease on haemogram and serum biochemical profile is not well established in piglets. Accordingly, we assessed the haemogram and serum biochemical profile in the neonatal piglet diarrhoea with RVA infection (n = 17). The diagnosis of RVA was confirmed using RNA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RNA-PAGE), commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Non-infected healthy piglets (n = 6) served as control. The concentrations of total protein, albumin, alanine amino transaminase (ALT), aspartate amino transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in serum were measured by spectrophotometric method. Haemogram was done in the blood using sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2 EDTA) as anticoagulant. The mean values of total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased and concentrations of ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the RVA-infected piglets. Haemogram showed marked haemoconcentration (P < 0.001), leukopenia (P < 0.01) and neutropenia (P < 0.01) in the presence of RVA infection than healthy piglets. The results indicated a possible extra-intestinal spread of RVA in piglets during neonatal diarrhoea. The finding might be helpful to clinicians and while treating such type of clinical cases, incorporation of organ protective drugs will be helpful for better response in the treatment schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Chethan
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - J Garkhal
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Y P S Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - R Mukherjee
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - V K Gupta
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Livestock Production and Management Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - R K Agarwal
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - U K De
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
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Kumar D, Chauhan TKS, Agarwal RK, Dhama K, Goswami PP, Mariappan AK, Tiwari AK, Mishra BP. A double-stranded probe coupled with isothermal amplification for qualitative and quantitative detection of avian reovirus. Arch Virol 2016; 162:979-985. [PMID: 28013385 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We applied a probe-based real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (Cy5-RTqLAMP) technique targeting the avian reovirus (ARV) S3 gene to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for virus detection and quantification. This test specifically detected the presence of ARV, but not other viruses or bacteria present in clinical or artificially spiked samples, including Newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, fowl adenovirus, Marek's disease virus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. This test can detect ARV in less than one hour with an analytical sensitivity of 10 viral gene copies and 1 fg of total cDNA. The Cy5-RTqLAMP does not yield false positive results and is 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. This test was shown to be able to detect the presence of ARV in clinical samples. A similar strategy may be used for detection of other important human and animal viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, UP, India.
| | - T K S Chauhan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, UP, India
| | - R K Agarwal
- Division of Livestock Product Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, UP, India
| | - K Dhama
- Avian Disease Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, UP, India
| | - P P Goswami
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, UP, India
| | - A K Mariappan
- Avian Disease Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, UP, India
| | - A K Tiwari
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, UP, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, UP, India
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Horai R, Chong WP, Zhou R, Chen J, Silver PB, Agarwal RK, Caspi RR. Spontaneous Ocular Autoimmunity in Mice Expressing a Transgenic T Cell Receptor Specific to Retina: A Tool to Dissect Mechanisms of Uveitis. Curr Mol Med 2016; 15:511-6. [PMID: 26238373 DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666150731095201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The "classical" EAU model induced by immunization of mice with the retinal protein IRBP or its peptides has been very useful to study basic mechanisms of ocular inflammation, but is inadequate for some types of studies due to the need for active immunization in the context of strong bacterial adjuvants. We generated transgenic (Tg) mice on the B10.RIII background that express a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for IRBP161-180. Three strains of TCR Tg mice were established. Spontaneous uveitis developed in two of the three strains by 2-3 months of age. Susceptibility correlated with a higher copy number of the transgenic TCR and a higher proportion of TCR Tg T cells in the peripheral repertoire. Even in mice with uveitis, peripheral IRBP-specific CD4(+) T cells displayed mostly a naïve phenotype. In contrast, T cells infiltrating uveitic eyes mostly showed an effector/memory phenotype, and included Th1, Th17 as well as T regulatory cells. These mice thus provide a new and distinct model of uveitis from the "classical" EAU, and may represent some types of uveitis more faithfully. Importantly, this new transgenic model of uveitis can serve as a template for therapeutic manipulations, and as a source of naïve retina-specific T cells for a variety of basic and pre-clinical studies. Several examples of such studies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 10N222, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA.
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Abstract
Food-borne illnesses pose a real scourge in the present scenario as the consumerism of packaged food has increased to a great extend. Pathogens entering the packaged foods may survive longer, which needs a check. Antimicrobial agents either alone or in combination are added to the food or packaging materials for this purpose. Exploiting the antimicrobial property, essential oils are considered as a "natural" remedy to this problem other than its flavoring property instead of using synthetic agents. The essential oils are well known for its antibacterial, antiviral, antimycotic, antiparasitic, and antioxidant properties due to the presence of phenolic functional group. Gram-positive organisms are found more susceptible to the action of the essential oils. Essential oils improve the shelf-life of packaged products, control the microbial growth, and unriddle the consumer concerns regarding the use of chemical preservatives. This review is intended to provide an overview of the essential oils and their role as natural antimicrobial agents in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Vergis
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar, Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Agarwal RK, Ankita K, Gowda P, Agarwal S, Sabnavis AG, Panthangi R, Sedai A, Periyavan S. Managing rare blood group requests - Bombay Oh phenotype: our experience with www.bombaybloodgroup.org. Blood Transfus 2016; 14:89-90. [PMID: 26192784 PMCID: PMC4731344 DOI: 10.2450/2015.0072-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat K. Agarwal
- Sankalp India Foundation, Transfusion Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kumari Ankita
- Emergency Team, Sankalp India Foundation, Transfusion Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Prabha Gowda
- Emergency Team, Sankalp India Foundation, Transfusion Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shyam Agarwal
- Emergency Team, Sankalp India Foundation, Transfusion Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anoop G. Sabnavis
- Emergency Team, Sankalp India Foundation, Transfusion Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramya Panthangi
- Emergency Team, Sankalp India Foundation, Transfusion Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Amit Sedai
- Jagriti Innovations, Transfusion Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sundar Periyavan
- Department of Neuropathology, Transfusion Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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Mittal G, Ahmad S, Agarwal RK, Dhar M, Mittal M, Sharma S. Aetiologies of Acute Undifferentiated Febrile illness in Adult Patients - an Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:DC22-4. [PMID: 26816892 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11168.6990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) is a common clinical entity in most of the hospitals. The fever can be potentially fatal if the aetiology is not recognized and appropriately treated early. AIM To describe the aetiology of fever among patients in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A one-year retro-prospective, observational study was conducted in adults (age>18years) presenting with undifferentiated febrile illness (of duration 5-14 days). Diagnosis was confirmed by suitable laboratory tests after exhaustive clinical examination. RESULTS A total of 2547 patients with AUFI were evaluated. Of these, 1663 (65.3%) were males and 884 (34.7%) were females. Dengue (37.54%); enteric fever (16.5%); scrub typhus (14.42%); bacterial sepsis (10.3%); malaria (6.8%); hepatitis A (1.9%); hepatitis E (1.4%); leptospirosis (0.14%); were the main infections while no specific diagnosis could be delineated in 11%. Mixed infections were noted in 48 (1.9%) patients. CONCLUSION A good clinical acumen supported by the basic investigations can help diagnose the cause of fever with reasonable certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Mittal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRH University , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sohaib Ahmad
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRH University , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - R K Agarwal
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRH University , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Minakshi Dhar
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRH University , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manish Mittal
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRH University , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Postgraduate, Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRH University , Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Karthik K, Rathore R, Thomas P, Arun TR, Viswas KN, Agarwal RK, Manjunathachar HV, Dhama K. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for specific and rapid detection of Brucella abortus in cattle. Vet Q 2014; 34:174-9. [PMID: 25220872 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2014.966172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucella abortus, the major causative agent of abortion in cattle and a zoonotic pathogen, needs to be diagnosed at an early stage. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test is easy to perform and also promising to be adapted at field level. OBJECTIVE To develop a LAMP assay for specific and rapid detection of B. abortus from clinical samples of cattle. METHODS LAMP primers were designed targeting BruAb2_0168 region using specific software tool and LAMP was optimized. The developed LAMP was tested for its specificity with 3 Brucella spp. and 11 other non-Brucella spp. Sensitivity of the developed LAMP was also carried out with known quantity of DNA. Cattle whole blood samples and aborted fetal stomach contents were collected and used for testing with developed LAMP assay and results were compared with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The developed LAMP assay works at 61 °C for 60 min and the detection limit was observed to be 100-fold more than the conventional PCR that is commonly used for diagnosis of B. abortus. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of the developed LAMP assay was 100% when compared with Rose Bengal plate test and standard tube agglutination test. SYB® green dye I was used to visualize the result with naked eye. CONCLUSION The novelty of the developed LAMP assay for specifically detecting B. abortus infection in cattle along with its inherent rapidness and high sensitivity can be employed for detecting this economically important pathogen of cattle at field level as well be exploited for screening of human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karthik
- a Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Karthik K, Rathore R, Thomas P, Arun TR, Viswas KN, Dhama K, Agarwal RK. New closed tube loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for prevention of product cross-contamination. MethodsX 2014; 1:137-43. [PMID: 26150945 PMCID: PMC4472950 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, a promising diagnostic test, has been developed for detection of different pathogens of human as well as animals. Various positive points support its use as a field level test but the major problem is product cross contamination leading to false positive results. Different methods were adopted by various researchers to control this false positive amplification due to cross contamination but all have their own advantages and disadvantages. A new closed tube LAMP assay based on agar dye capsule was developed in the present study and this technique has some advantages over the other closed tube technique.Agar at the concentration of 1.5% was used to sandwich SYBR green dye I with the aid of intradermal syringe. This agar dye capsule was placed over the LAMP reaction mixture before it was amplified. To eliminate the hazardous nature of Ultra Violet (UV) light during result visualization of LAMP products, the present study demonstrates the use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights for result visualization. LAMP was carried out for Brucella species detection using this modified techniques yielding good results without any cross contamination and LED showed similar fluorescence compared to UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karthik
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
| | - Rajesh Rathore
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
| | - T R Arun
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
| | - K N Viswas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
| | - R K Agarwal
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
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Agarwal RK, Mittal G, Raj A, Gupta S. Acanthamoeba detection in the anterior chamber after therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:DD01-2. [PMID: 25120983 PMCID: PMC4129262 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8366.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba infection has been recognized in almost all parts of the world. With most of the literature focusing on contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis, ophthalmologists may hesitate to diagnose this entity in patients without lenses. We report the case of a patient with Acanthamoeba infection of the anterior chamber, unrelated to contact lens wear, diagnosed by examination of aqueous tap following penetrating therapeutic keratoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- RK Agarwal
- Professor and HOD, Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences Jolly Grant, Dehradun, (Uttarakhand), India
| | - Garima Mittal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences Jolly Grant, Dehradun, (Uttarakhand), India
| | - Anuradha Raj
- Assistant Professor,Department of Ophthalmology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences Jolly Grant, Dehradun, (Uttarakhand), India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Junior Resident, Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences Jolly Grant, Dehradun, (Uttarakhand), India
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12
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Thakur JS, Agarwal RK, Kharya MD. Enhancing hepatoprotective bioactives of phyllanthus amarus through immobilization by growth promoters and media changes. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 73:271-5. [PMID: 22457549 PMCID: PMC3309645 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.93510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper describes enhancement of lignans, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin present in Phyllanthus amarus plant. Supplementation was done to enhance secondary metabolites by modifying the media and treatment with different growth promoters and abiotic elicitors to increase the content of hepatoprotective bioactives in immobilized cell cultures, after incubation for 21 days. MS medium was supplemented with gibberellic acid and to make whole process commercially viable, when coconut water, sugarcane juice and water-melon extract were treated, it was revealed that watermelon extract, enhances maximum phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin yield followed by sugarcane juice, coconut water and gibberellic acid after estimation by HPTLC. The present method was found to be accurate, economical and viable to enhance the content of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin in P. amarus for large-scale commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar-470 003, India
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Biswas R, Agarwal RK, Bhilegaonkar KN, Kumar A, Nambiar P, Rawat S, Singh M. Cloning and sequencing of biofilm-associated protein (bapA) gene and its occurrence in different serotypes of Salmonella. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 52:138-43. [PMID: 21175701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Salmonella spp. has the capability to form biofilm on various surfaces. Biofilm-associated protein (bapA), a large surface protein has been shown to play a leading role in the development of biofilm in Salmonella. Objective of this study was to investigate the presence of bapA gene in different serotypes of Salmonella spp. and to characterize DNA fragment encoding bapA protein of Salmonella Enteritidis. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-seven Salmonella strains belonging to 34 serovars isolated from diverse sources in India were screened for the presence of bapA gene employing a primer designed for the purpose. All the strains yielded a positive amplification indicating that the bapA gene is well conserved in Salmonella spp. The amplified gene fragment of bapA was cloned in Escherichia coli (DH5 α) cells by using pGEM-T easy cloning vector. On partial sequence analysis, the product exhibited 667 base pairs, corresponding to 218 amino acids. CONCLUSIONS BapA gene was found to be highly conserved in Salmonella. Partial sequence analysis of this gene from a strain of Salm. Enteritidis revealed close association with serotypes of poultry origin and also with some other animal/zoonotic serotypes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY BapA gene can be targeted for the genus-specific detection of this organism from different sources. Antigenic index of bapA protein indicates its protective and diagnostic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Biswas
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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Rajeshwari K, Bang A, Chaturvedi P, Kumar V, Yadav B, Bharadva K, Gupta S, Gupta P, Shah D, Aneja S, Dubey AP, Tiwari S, Choudhury P, Agarwal RK. Infant and young child feeding guidelines: 2010. Indian Pediatr 2010; 47:995-1004. [PMID: 21220795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
JUSTIFICATION The first National Guidelines on Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) were formulated by Ministry of Women and Child Development (Food and Nutrition Board) in 2004, and the same guidelines were revised in 2006. India is committed to halving the prevalence of under weight children by 2015 as one of the key indicators of progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). By the end of 2009 nutritional achievement goals did not make for happy reading. So there was need to revise the existing guidelines and to have more viable and scientifically accepted national guidelines on Infant and Young child feeding. PROCESS A National Consultative Meet was organized by Indian Academy of Pediatrics at Gurgaon in 2009 where members of IYCF and Nutrition Chapters of IAP, BPNI, WHO, UNICEF, USAID, WFP were present. Each group made detailed presentations after reviewing recent literature on the subject. After extensive discussions a consensus was reached and the guidelines were formulated. OBJECTIVES To formulate, endorse, adopt and disseminate guidelines related to Infant and Young Child feeding from an Indian perspective (including infant feeding in the context of HIV infection). RECOMMENDATIONS Optimal infant and young child feeding: Early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding for the first six month of life followed by continued breastfeeding for up to two years and beyond with adequate complementary foods is the most appropriate feeding strategy for infants and young children. Adequate nutrition and anemia control for adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating mother is also advocated.
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Dalal SS, Chawla D, Singh J, Agarwal RK, Deorari AK, Paul VK. Limb splinting for intravenous cannulae in neonates: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2009; 94:F394-6. [PMID: 19439433 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2008.147595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of peripheral intravenous (IV) cannula site joint immobilisation by splint application on functional duration of peripheral IV cannula in neonates. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING Neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS Neonates requiring continuous IV infusion for an expected duration of more than or equal to 72 hours. INTERVENTION Eligible cannulations were randomised to either "splint" or "no-splint" group. In the splint group, a cardboard splint was used to immobilise the joint at peripheral IV cannula site. No attempt was made to immobilise the limb in the no-splint group. OUTCOME MEASURE Functional duration of a peripheral IV cannula measured as interval from time of insertion to the development of predefined sign of removal (extravasation, blockage, inflammation). RESULTS A total of 69 peripheral IV cannulations in 54 neonates were randomised to either the splint (n = 33) or no-splint group (n = 36). Both groups were comparable in birth weight, gestation, site of cannulation and nature of fluids administered. Mean functional duration of cannula was lesser in the splint group compared to the no-splint group (h; 23.5 (SD15.9) vs 26.9 (SD15.5), mean difference: -3.3 h, 95% CI -11.02 to 4.3 h) although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.38). Extravasation at cannula site was found be the commonest indication for cannula removal in both the groups (84% vs 76.5%). CONCLUSION Joint immobilisation with splint at cannula site did not improve the functional duration of peripheral IV cannula.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Dalal
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Newborn Care and Research, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
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Dadhich JP, Agarwal RK. Mainstreaming early and exclusive breastfeeding for improving child survival. Indian Pediatr 2009; 46:11-17. [PMID: 19179711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Agarwal RK. Probiotics--the health friendly gut bacteria. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:953-954. [PMID: 19129560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Agarwal
- RK Hospital, 5A, Madhuban, Udaipur 414 001, India.
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Agarwal RK. Promoting adolescent friendly reproductive and sexual health services. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:881-882. [PMID: 19029557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Agarwal
- RK Hospital, 5A, Madhuban, Udaipur 414 001, India.
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Vashishtha VM, John TJ, Agarwal RK, Kalra A. Universal immunization program and polio eradication in India. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:807-813. [PMID: 18948648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Agarwal RK. Flood fury: a national calamity. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:805-806. [PMID: 18948647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Agarwal
- RK Hospital, 5A, Madhuban, Udaipur 414 001, India.
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Agarwal RK. Importance of optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) in achieving millennium development goals. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:719-721. [PMID: 18820373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Agarwal RK. Routine immunization, India's Achilles heel. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:625-628. [PMID: 18723903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Agarwal
- RK Hospital, 5A, Madhuban, Udaipur 414 001, India.
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Agarwal RK. Why physician's sample? Else they are trade promotional material! J Indian Med Assoc 2008; 106:543. [PMID: 18979615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Agarwal RK. Pediatric cardiology: an upcoming subspeciality in India. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:533-534. [PMID: 18695267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Agarwal
- RK Hospital, 5A, Madhuban, Udaipur 414 001, India.
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Agarwal RK. Childhood obesity: emerging challenge. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:443-444. [PMID: 18599924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Agarwal RK. Polio eradication in India: a tale of science, ethics, dogmas and strategy! Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:349-351. [PMID: 18515924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Agarwal
- President IAP 2008, RK Hospital, 5/A, Madhuban, Udaipur 414 001, India.
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Vashishtha VM, Kalra A, John TJ, Thacker N, Agarwal RK. Recommendations of 2nd National Consultative Meeting of Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) on polio eradication and improvement of routine immunization. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:367-378. [PMID: 18515925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
JUSTIFICATION Persistence of intense wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission, particularly type 3 in northern India necessitated the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) to convene a National Consultative Meeting to review its earlier recommendations on polio eradication and improvement of routine immunization. PROCESS More than thirty experts were invited and intense deliberations were held over two days to draw consensus statements on various issues related with polio eradication. OBJECTIVES To review the ongoing strategy, identify the existing challenges, and suggest modifications to the current strategy for eradication of poliomyelitis in India. RECOMMENDATIONS IAP reiterates its support to ongoing efforts on polio eradication but demand some flexibility in the strategy. The immediate challenges identified include persistent WPV type 1 transmission in Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Bihar, intense type 3 transmission also in UP and Bihar, and maintaining polio-free status of all other states. Circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV), particularly type 2, was identified as a great future threat. Neglect of routine immunization (RI), poor efficacy of oral polio vaccine (OPV), operational issues, and inadequate uptake of OPV in the 2 endemic states are the main reasons of failure to interrupt transmission of WPV 1 and 3. However, for the first time in history the intensity of WPV 1 circulation is very low in western UP. IAP suggests that high-quality, uniform and consistent performance of supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) in all districts of western UP, particularly using mOPV1(monovalent OPV1) should be maintained to avoid reestablishment of circulation of type 1 poliovirus. A judicious mix of mOPV1 and mOPV3, given sequentially or even simultaneously (after validating the efficacies) will be necessary to address the upsurge of WPV3. Re-establishing routine immunization should be the foremost priority. IAP strongly recommends to Government of India (GOI) to take urgent measures to attain coverage of a minimum of 90% against all UIP antigens in all the states by the end of 2008. In view of the need to simultaneously raise immunity levels to protect against WPVs 1, 3 and cVDPV2, IPV may be given immediate consideration as an additional tool. IPV will be essential in the postWPVeradication phase; it can play a useful role even in the current WPV eradication phase. IAP urges the GOI to urgently sort out various issues associated with implementation of the proposal to use IPV. More transparency is needed on cases of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). Further improvement in stool collection rates is also warranted to minimize the tally of compatible cases. IAP urges the social mobilization network to address the issues of waning interest and shifting focus and negative media coverage. Alternate tactics like reduced numbers of SIAs applied in the low transmission season, along with IPVDTP combination vaccine in RI can also be considered. IAP believes it will be risky to stop vaccination against poliomyelitis in postWPV eradication phase. The best option is to gradually introduce IPV starting now, so that a switch to IPV following high-performance national immunization days (NIDs) can be made to ensure sustained high immunity against all polioviruses, wild and vaccine derived. IAP requests the global polio eradication initiative (GPEI) to continue relevant research to inform on various aspects related to polio eradication, defined as zero incidence of any poliovirus infection. IAP also urges GOI to take immediate measures for improvement of environmental sanitation.
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Agarwal RK. To be or not to be and TB or not TB. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:259-260. [PMID: 18451441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Agarwal
- R.K.Hospital, 5/A, Madhuban, Udaipur 313 001 (Rajasthan), India.
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Agarwal RK. Ethics and ethical conflicts in contemporary medical practice. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:177-179. [PMID: 18367760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Agarwal RK. XXXXV National Conference, Indian Academy of Pediatrics, Bhubaneswar, January 17, 2008. Indian Pediatr 2008; 45:91-93. [PMID: 18310785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Agarwal
- RK Hospital, 5A, Madhuban, Udaipur 313 001, India.
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Ray P, Sharma S, Agarwal RK, Longmei K, Gentsch JR, Paul VK, Glass RI, Bhan MK. First detection of G12 rotaviruses in newborns with neonatal rotavirus infection at all India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3824-7. [PMID: 17728476 PMCID: PMC2168534 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01288-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus genotype G12 strains were detected for the first time among newborns with asymptomatic rotavirus infection (74% of 39 rotavirus strains isolated from the infected infants were genotype G12) in the nursery of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences during a period from 2005 to 2006. Sequence analysis of the VP7 genes from these neonatal strains indicated a high level of homology to other G12 strains reported worldwide, suggesting the recent emergence of these strains in humans. Such nosocomial infections of newborns represent a potential source of introduction of novel rotavirus serotypes into the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Ray
- Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Ghatak S, Agarwal RK, Bhilegaonkar KN. Species identification of clinically important Aeromonas spp. by restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S rDNA. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 44:550-4. [PMID: 17451524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.02104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to characterize 16S rDNA of Aeromonas spp. to rapidly identify clinically important species of these bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS Sequence analysis of published 16S rDNA for unique restriction sites revealed prospect of species identification. Extraction of genomic DNA followed by amplification and step-by-step restriction endonuclease digestion of 16S rDNA was able to identify Aeromonas spp. of medical significance. Validation of the method was performed by subjecting 53 Aeromonas strains of multiple origin to similar treatment. Results of the study were in agreement with corresponding species of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS The method developed offers an easily interpretable tool for the identification of Aeromonas spp. of clinical relevance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The developed methodology should facilitate routine laboratory diagnosis of Aeromonas spp. from clinical cases to species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghatak
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
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Hazarika RA, Singh DK, Kapoor KN, Agarwal RK, Pandey AB. Verotoxic Escherichia coli (STEC) from beef and its products. Indian J Exp Biol 2007; 45:207-11. [PMID: 17375562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested by vero cell cytotoxic assay. Serotype O145 was the predominant STEC in raw meat. Interestingly, one STEC-O157 strain was also detected. All the STEC strains were positive for Stx genes by polymerase chain reaction showing stx2 (77.78%) to be most predominant followed by stx1 (22.22%). Phenotypic enterohaemolysin production on washed sheep blood agar supplemented with CaCl2 revealed 6 (66.67%) STEC strains to be positive. Presence of STEC in cooked beef products, viz., kabab and kofta appeared to be a matter of concern and potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hazarika
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
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Girish PS, Anjaneyulu ASR, Viswas KN, Santhosh FH, Bhilegaonkar KN, Agarwal RK, Kondaiah N, Nagappa K. Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Gene: A Simple Method for Identification of Poultry Meat Species. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31:447-55. [PMID: 17253115 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-3390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chicken (Gallus gallus), duck (Anas platyrhynchos), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and quail (Coturnix japonica) are the common poultry species consumed as meat throughout the world. In this work, a molecular technique has been developed for identification and differentiation of meat originating from these species. This tool helps in detection of misrepresentation of different poultry meats. The technique involves the extraction of DNA from the given sample, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene using universal primers, restriction analysis with selected restriction enzymes, followed by identification of meat species based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern. In this study, we used HinfI, Mph1 103I, MvaI, and Eco47I to identify and differentiate to poultry species referred to above. This species identification technique has also been applied successfully to processed meat products including those cooked at 120 degrees C for 30 min. Simplicity of interpretation of results combined with versatility makes this a convenient and appropriate technique in the hands of meat analysts for identifying poultry meat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Girish
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnaga, India.
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Ghatak S, Agarwal RK, Bhilegaonkar KN. Comparative study of cytotoxicity of Aeromonas spp. on four different cell lines. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 29:233-41. [PMID: 16935331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cytotoxicity is an important virulence property of motile mesophilic Aeromonas species. Cell-free supernatant prepared from 55 Aeromonas isolates including one A. hydrophila type strain (MTCC 646) were examined for their cytotoxic potential on four different cell lines (Vero, BHK-21, MDBK, B 95a). Results of the study revealed cytotoxic potential in 92.72% of the isolates. Analysis of data exposed significant variation among isolates in respect of their cytotoxicity. Vero cells proved to be most sensitive to aeromonal toxins and B 95a cells showed significantly (P<0.01) lower response compared to other cell lines. Sensitivities of BHK-21 and MDBK cell lines were in between Vero and B 95a.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghatak
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Arora S, Agarwal RK, Bist B. Comparison of ELISA and PCR vis-à-vis cultural methods for detecting Aeromonas spp. in foods of animal origin. Int J Food Microbiol 2006; 106:177-83. [PMID: 16216375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the best method of the most commonly used methods for detection of aeromonads in foods of animal origin. With this objective an OMP based indirect plate ELISA and a duplex-PCR using primers targeting aerolysin gene and 16S rRNA gene and yielding amplicons of 252 bp and 599 bp, respectively, were standardized. The standardized protocols and the conventional cultural method were then compared for their respective sensitivities and specificities for detecting aeromonads from chicken and milk samples. Both the standardized assays were found to be highly specific for Aeromonas. The efficiency of the standardized indirect-ELISA and duplex-PCR protocols was assessed by artificial inoculation studies with varying concentrations of Aeromonas cells inoculated in chicken and milk samples followed by enrichment in Alkaline Peptone Water supplemented with 10 mg/ml cephalothin (APW-C) for 12 h. The results revealed that indirect-ELISA was able to detect a minimum of 10(3) cells/ml or g of Aeromonas cells in spiked milk and chicken samples, respectively. Whereas, duplex-PCR and cultural method were able to detect as low as 1 cell/ml or g of Aeromonas cells in spiked milk and chicken samples. The developed assays were also tested for their efficiency to detect Aeromonas spp. in naturally contaminated milk and chicken samples. Out of a total 50 milk samples screened for presence of Aeromonas by the three methods viz., indirect-ELISA, duplex-PCR and cultural method only 1 (2%) turned out to be positive showing positive results by all three methods. Similarly, 50 samples of chicken were tested by all three methods. Three samples (6%) turned out to be positive and here again by all the three methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arora
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243 122, India.
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Guleria S, Agarwal RK, Guleria R, Bhowmik D, Agarwal SK, Tiwari SC. The Effect of Renal Transplantation on Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:664-5. [PMID: 15848494 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength was assessed in 29 hemodialysis patients who underwent successful renal transplantation. These tests were performed 7 days prior to transplantation, 30 days following transplantation, and 90 days posttransplantation. Patients with end-stage renal disease showed dyspnea, a restrictive defect in pulmonary function, respiratory muscle weakness, and hypoxia. Following transplantation the dyspnea improved and mechanical indices of respiratory muscle function and lung volume improved. In conclusion transplantation resulted in a significant improvement in lung and respiratory muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guleria
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, New Delhi, India.
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Abstract
Six hundred thirteen patients with deep burn of up to 50% total body surface area (TBSA) were treated with 0.25% povidone iodine subeschar clysis (PVP-SEC) in addition to surface application of povidone iodine + Neosporin in the form of "crust". The results were compared with those of 595 age, sex and percentage of burn, matched patients treated only by "crust application". The quantitative bacterial count showed significantly less incidence of infection on the 7th and 8th days post treatment (P<0.001). The organisms identified were predominately Staphylcocous aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Significantly more number of patients, with burns up to 50% TBSA, could be grafted within 20 days in the SEC group. The graft acceptance rate in this group was 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Sinha
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology, M.L.B. Medical College, 284128, U.P., Jhansi, India.
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Zhang Q, Rosenberg M, Kugel G, Agarwal RK, Phillips J, Kumar MSA. Effect of nitrous oxide on intracellular events of GT1-7 GnRH-secreting neurons. Anesth Prog 2003; 50:53-61. [PMID: 12866801 PMCID: PMC2007428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to nitrous oxide (N2O) may result in decreased fertility and other reproductive problems in women working in dental offices. This study explored direct effects of N2O on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons involved in pituitary-gonadal function. An immortalized GnRH-secreting GT1-7 cell line was used to evaluate the effects of 60% N2O exposure for 24 hours on pro-GnRH mRNA levels, KCl-stimulated GnRH levels, and certain signaling pathways. N2O exposure for 24 hours decreased pro-GnRH mRNA levels by approximately 80% without affecting cell viability or intracellular GnRH levels. The ability of KCl to release GnRH stores was also significantly reduced. Western blot analyses of ERK1/2, and p38 phosphorylation and IkappaB did not indicate any change in phosphorylation, although p63 tyrosine phosphorylation was increased after short-term N2O exposure. Levels of c-fos, a nuclear transcription factor, were not changed by N2O exposure. These results indicate that N2O significantly decreases evoked release of GnRH as well as GnRH mRNA levels either by decreased synthesis or by mRNA stability. These results may be important in understanding adverse effects of N2O on female workers in dental practice where the gas is not scavenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
In order to understand the importance of vegetables in the transmission of thermophilic Campylobacter, 56 samples of different vegetables were screened. Out of these, 2 samples (1 spinach and 1 fenugreek) revealed the presence of Campylobacter jejuni biotype I. Both the isolates were enteropathogenic in rat ileal loop test.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly.
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Abstract
Six selective agents (ampicillin, novobiocin, cephalothin, bile salts, brilliant green and ethanol) were tested during the development of a selective enrichment broth for the isolation of Aeromonas sp. from food. Cephalothin at 10 mg/l was found to be the best selective agent owing to its greater selectivity and efficiency in recovering stressed and lower cell concentrations of Aeromonas sp. Higher concentrations (15-25 mg/l) of cephalothin were inhibitory to some strains of A. sobria. Cephalothin (10 mg/l) was incorporated in buffered dextrin broth (BCDB-10) and alkaline peptone water (CAPW-10) and employed for the isolation of Aeromonas sp. from chicken meat naturally and artificially inoculated (with 10(9) cells/ml of A. hydrophila). The highest isolation rate (22%) with naturally contaminated chicken was achieved with CAPW-10 in comparison to 16% with BCDB-10 and 8% with APW. Similarly, from artificially inoculated samples, 100% isolation was accomplished with CAPW-10, against 80% with BCDB-10 and 50% with APW.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sachan
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Research & Training in Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinar, Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly
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42
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Kumar A, Bachhil VN, Bhilegaonakar KN, Agarwal RK. Occurrence of enterotoxigenic Aeromonas species in foods. J Commun Dis 2000; 32:169-74. [PMID: 11407001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Out of a total of 246 food samples of animal origin screened for isolation of Aeromonas spp., 33 (13.41%) were positive for these organisms. Maximum positivity was shown by the samples from fish (28.57%), followed by poultry meat (16.67%), poultry eggs (12.50%), goat meat (12%), buffalo meat (7.69%) and cow milk (5.56%). A. hydrophila was the predominant species (51.52%) followed by A. sobria (39.39%) and A. caviae. Of these, 70.59% A. hydrophila, 69.23% A. sobria and 33.33% A. caviae showed enterotoxigenic reaction in mouse paw oedema test.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umian, Meghalaya-793 103
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43
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Agarwal RK, Kang Y, Zambidis E, Scott DW, Chan CC, Caspi RR. Retroviral gene therapy with an immunoglobulin-antigen fusion construct protects from experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Clin Invest 2000; 106:245-52. [PMID: 10903340 PMCID: PMC517488 DOI: 10.1172/jci9168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins can serve as tolerogenic carriers for antigens, and B cells can function as tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells. We used this principle to design a strategy for gene therapy of experimental autoimmune uveitis, a cell-mediated autoimmune disease model for human uveitis induced with the uveitogenic interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). A retroviral vector was constructed containing a major uveitogenic IRBP epitope in frame with mouse IgG1 heavy chain. This construct was used to transduce peripheral B cells, which were infused into syngeneic recipients. A single infusion of transduced cells, 10 days before uveitogenic challenge, protected mice from clinical disease induced with the epitope or with the native IRBP protein. Protected mice had reduced antigen-specific responses, but showed no evidence for a classic Th1/Th2 response shift or for generalized anergy. Protection was not transferable, arguing against a mechanism dependent on regulatory cells. Importantly, the treatment was protective when initiated 7 days after uveitogenic immunization or concurrently with adoptive transfer of primed uveitogenic T cells. We suggest that this form of gene therapy can induce epitope-specific protection not only in naive, but also in already primed recipients, thus providing a protocol for treatment of established autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Agarwal
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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44
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Kirker-Head CA, Chandna VK, Agarwal RK, Morris EA, Tidwell A, O'Callaghan MW, Rand W, Kumar MS. Concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 in synovial fluid of normal and abnormal joints of horses. Am J Vet Res 2000; 61:714-8. [PMID: 10850851 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate substance P content of synovial fluid with prostaglandin E2 content, radiographic evidence of joint abnormality, and anatomic location of the joint for normal and osteoarthritic joints of horses. SAMPLE POPULATION Synovial fluid from 46 normal joints in 21 horses and 16 osteoarthritic joints in 10 horses. PROCEDURE Normal and osteoarthritic joints were identified by clinical and radiographic examination, by response to nerve blocks, during scintigraphy or surgery, or by clinicopathologic evaluation. Substance P and prostaglandin E2 contents of synovial fluid were determined by radioimmunoassay. Radio-graphs of joints were assigned a numeric score reflecting severity of lesions. Joints were assigned a numeric score reflecting anatomic location. RESULTS Median concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 were significantly increased in osteoarthritic joints, compared with normal joints. A significant correlation was found between concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 in synovial fluid, but a correlation was not detected between substance P concentration in synovial fluid and anatomic location of the joint or between radiographic scores of osteoarthritic joints and concentrations of substance P or prostaglandin E2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A correlation existed between concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 in synovial fluid obtained from normal and osteoarthritic joints. However, content of substance P in synovial fluid cannot be predicted by the radiographic appearance of the joint or its anatomic location. Substance P and prostaglandin E2 may share an important and related role in the etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis, lending credence to the importance of neurogenic inflammation in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Kirker-Head
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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45
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Ghatak S, Banerjee R, Agarwal RK, Kapoor KN. Zoonoses and bats: a look from human health viewpoint. J Commun Dis 2000; 32:40-8. [PMID: 11129564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Bats are the most abundant and most widely distributed mammals on the Earth after humans. Except Antarctica and some small remote islands, they are prevalent worldwide. Although the actual role played by bats as reservoir or in disseminating zoonoses is still enigmatic a multitude of zoonotic diseases are known to be associated with bats. Such diseases including viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal and rickettsial diseases, reported from all over the world including India have been briefed in this article as an informative approach because dramatically increased and diversified human activities during the last few decades perturbing natural ecosystems are enough to compel public health personnel to have an investigative look at these flying mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghatak
- Public Health Division, Veterinary Public Health, Indian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly
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46
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Magistrelli C, Samoilova E, Agarwal RK, Banki K, Ferrante P, Vladutiu A, Phillips PE, Perl A. Polymorphic genotypes of the HRES-1 human endogenous retrovirus locus correlate with systemic lupus erythematosus and autoreactivity. Immunogenetics 1999; 49:829-34. [PMID: 10436175 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antinuclear autoantibodies are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autoantibodies to HRES-1/p28, a 28 000 M(r) nuclear protein, commonly occur in patients with SLE. HRES-1 is a single-copy endogenous retroviral element mapped to human Chromosome 1 at q42. A polymorphic Hin dIII site defines two different allelic forms of the genomic locus. The HRES-1/1 probe [5.5 kilobases (kb)] anneals to three polymorphic fragments and three genotypes can be differentiated: I, 5.5 kb fragment only; II, 3.7 kb and 1.8 kb fragments only; and III, all three polymorphic fragments. By cloning of the HRES-1 locus from homozygous type I and type II human DNA samples, the polymorphic Hin dIII site was identified as a G to C transition at position 653 of the long terminal repeat region. Family studies showed that Hin dIII genotypes of the HRES-1 locus are inherited in a Mendelian pattern. The relative frequency of genotype I with respect to genotype III was 3.1-fold lower in patients with SLE (14:40=0.35) in comparison to 100 ethnically matched control donors (47:43=1.09; P=0.0084). Frequency of genotype I vs genotype II alleles was lower in SLE (68/52) than in normal donors (137/63; P=0.033), suggesting that a genotype I allele of the HRES-1 locus may be protective against SLE. Western blot seroreactivity with recombinant HRES-1/p28 was noted in 4/14 (29%) of genotype I patients and 13/19 (68%) of genotype III patients (P<0.025). These data raise the possibility that the HRES-1 element or a gene in linkage disequilibrium with this genomic locus may influence autoimmunity in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Magistrelli
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology State University of New York Health Science Center, College of Medicine, SUNY HSC, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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47
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Abstract
In experimental diabetes, diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle has been associated with collagen-linked glycation. To determine whether less severe hyperglycemia may have similar effects, we gave alloxan to mongrel dogs (group 2) to induce impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) for comparison with normal subjects (group 1). After 6 months, hemodynamic studies were performed in the anesthetized animals. Basal heart rate, aortic pressure, and ejection fraction were comparable in the two groups, but calculated chamber stiffness was increased in group 2, associated with a reduced end diastolic volume and increased pressure. During infusion of dextran, the volume and pressure responses were similarly abnormal in group 2. In the myocardium, the collagen concentration rose with an increased interstitial distribution histologically. To assess glycation, collagen was extracted, digested with collagenase, and measured for fluorescence. Advanced glycation end products were increased in group 2 to 10.6 +/- 1.6 vs. 6.9 +/- 0.7 fluorescent units (FU)/mg collagen in group 1 (P < 0.01). To assess whether this could be pharmacologically prevented, we administered enalapril to inhibit ACE during the 6 months of glucose intolerance to group 3. This resulted in normal glycation and significant reduction in chamber stiffness increment. We gave group 4 animals aminoguanidine daily for 6 months, which prevented abnormal collagen glycation and chamber stiffness. Thus, in animals with IGT, collagen-linked glycosylation appeared to be a major factor affecting diastolic function and was shown to be amenable to pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Avendano
- Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2714, USA
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48
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Agarwal RK, John TJ. Intervals between different vaccines. Indian Pediatr 1999; 36:608-10. [PMID: 10736597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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49
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Agarwal RK, Chan CC, Wiggert B, Caspi RR. Pregnancy ameliorates induction and expression of experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Immunol 1999; 162:2648-54. [PMID: 10072507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Female patients suffering from autoimmune uveitis are reported to experience a temporary remission during pregnancy. Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is a model for human uveitis. Here we examine the effect of pregnancy on the development of EAU and its associated immunological responses. Susceptible C57BL/6 mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). EAU scores and Ag-specific responses were evaluated 21 days later. Mice immunized during pregnancy developed significantly less EAU than nonpregnant controls. Their lymph node cells and splenocytes produced a distinct pattern of cytokines in response to IRBP: reduced IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40, but unchanged levels of TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. Anti-IRBP Ab isotypes revealed an up-regulation of IgG1, indicating a possible Th2 bias at the humoral level. Ag-specific proliferation and delayed hypersensitivity, as well as mitogen-induced IFN-gamma production, remained undiminished, arguing against an overall immune deficit. Interestingly, pregnant mice that received an infusion of IRBP-primed lymphoid cells from nonpregnant donors also developed reduced EAU, suggesting that pregnancy suppresses not only the generation, but also the function of mature uveitogenic effector T cells. Pregnant mice at the time of immunization exhibited elevated levels of TGF-beta, but not of IL-10, in the serum. We suggest that protection from EAU during pregnancy is due primarily to a selective reduction of Ag-specific Th1 responses with only marginal enhancement of Th2 function, and that these effects may in part be secondary to elevated systemic levels of TGF-beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Agarwal
- Laboratory of Immunology and Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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50
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Agarwal RK. Measles vaccination and risk of SSPE. Indian Pediatr 1999; 36:317. [PMID: 10713848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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