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Nakai K, Tsurutani Y, Irie K, Teruyama K, Suematsu S, Matsui S, Makita K, Saito J, Omura M, Nishikawa T. Adrenal venous sampling criteria for chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay as a preferable alternative to radioimmunoassay in primary aldosteronism. Endocr J 2024:EJ23-0695. [PMID: 38417879 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was routinely measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA); however, the RIA kit was discontinued in March 2021 in Japan. This study examined PAC conversion in adrenal venous sampling (AVS) and AVS criteria when measured using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA). PAC of 415 adrenal venous blood samples from AVS (including segmental AVS) of 63 patients with primary aldosteronism was measured using RIA (Spac-S aldosterone kit; Fujirebio Inc.) and CLEIA (Lumipulse Presto Aldosterone; Fujirebio Inc.). PAC of 70 AVS samples was also measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS, ASKA Pharma Medical Co., Ltd.). PAC conversion formulas were determined for each AVS sample assay. PAC measured using CLEIA was significantly correlated with that measured using RIA (correlation coefficient = 0.971). The PAC conversion formula was PAC (CLEIA) = PAC (RIA) × 0.772 - 1,199 pg/mL. The PAC of 14,000 pg/mL in RIA was equivalent to 9,613 pg/mL in CLEIA. PAC measured using CLEIA was also correlated with that measured using LC-MS/MS, and the PAC conversion formula was PAC (CLEIA, pg/mL) = 0.97 × PAC (LC-MS/MS, pg/mL) + 211. The inter-assay coefficient of variability (CV) was 1.1-1.3% and intra-assay CV was 1.0-1.7%, measured using CLEIA. The PAC conversion formula for AVS samples was obtained using CLEIA and RIA, and the conversion formula was different from that for peripheral blood. PAC values measured by CLEIA showed preferable accuracy and high concordance with those measured by LC-MS/MS, even in AVS samples. The study outcomes are useful for interpreting AVS results using non-RIA measurement methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nakai
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
| | - Yuya Tsurutani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
| | - Koki Irie
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kyoko Teruyama
- Product Planning Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Sachiko Suematsu
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
| | - Seishi Matsui
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
| | - Kohzoh Makita
- Department of Radiology, Nerima Hikarigaoka Hospital, Tokyo 179-0072, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
| | - Masao Omura
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
- Minato Mirai Medical Square, Kanagawa 220-0012, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
- Nishikawa Clinic, Kanagawa 222-0033, Japan
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Kitamoto T, Idé T, Tezuka Y, Wada N, Shibayama Y, Tsurutani Y, Takiguchi T, Inoue K, Suematsu S, Omata K, Ono Y, Morimoto R, Yamazaki Y, Saito J, Sasano H, Satoh F, Nishikawa T. Identifying primary aldosteronism patients who require adrenal venous sampling: a multi-center study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21722. [PMID: 38081870 PMCID: PMC10713522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is crucial for subtyping primary aldosteronism (PA) to explore the possibility of curing hypertension. Because AVS availability is limited, efforts have been made to develop strategies to bypass it. However, it has so far proven unsuccessful in applying clinical practice, partly due to heterogeneity and missing values of the cohorts. For this purpose, we retrospectively assessed 210 PA cases from three institutions where segment-selective AVS, which is more accurate and sensitive for detecting PA cases with surgical indications, was available. A machine learning-based classification model featuring a new cross-center domain adaptation capability was developed. The model identified 102 patients with PA who benefited from surgery in the present cohort. A new data imputation technique was used to address cross-center heterogeneity, making a common prediction model applicable across multiple cohorts. Logistic regression demonstrated higher accuracy than Random Forest and Deep Learning [(0.89, 0.86) vs. (0.84, 0.84), (0.82, 0.84) for surgical or medical indications in terms of f-score]. A derived integrated flowchart revealed that 35.2% of PA cases required AVS with 94.1% accuracy. The present model enabled us to reduce the burden of AVS on patients who would benefit the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kitamoto
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 2220036, Japan.
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 2608670, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Idé
- IBM Research, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Yuta Tezuka
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 9808574, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 9808574, Japan
| | - Norio Wada
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, 0608604, Japan
| | - Yui Shibayama
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, 0608604, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608648, Japan
| | - Yuya Tsurutani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 2220036, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takiguchi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 2220036, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6048135, Japan
| | - Sachiko Suematsu
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 2220036, Japan
| | - Kei Omata
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 9808574, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 9808574, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Ono
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 9808574, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 9808574, Japan
| | - Ryo Morimoto
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 9808574, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 9808575, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 2220036, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 9808575, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Satoh
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 9808574, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 9808575, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 2220036, Japan
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Hirose R, Tsurutani Y, Sugisawa C, Inoue K, Suematsu S, Nagata M, Hasegawa N, Kakuta Y, Yonamine M, Takekoshi K, Kimura N, Saito J, Nishikawa T. Hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome with a novel mutation in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B gene in a Japanese family: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:282. [PMID: 34020699 PMCID: PMC8140422 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma caused by succinate dehydrogenase gene mutations is called hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome. In particular, succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutations are important because they are strongly associated with the malignant behavior of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma . This is a case report of a family of hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome carrying a novel mutation in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B. CASE PRESENTATION A 19-year-old Japanese woman, whose father died of metastatic paraganglioma, was diagnosed with abdominal paraganglioma, and underwent total resection. Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B genetic testing detected a splice-site mutation, c.424-2delA, in her germline and paraganglioma tissue. Afterwards, the same succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutation was detected in her father's paraganglioma tissues. In silico analysis predicted the mutation as "disease causing." She is under close follow-up, and no recurrence or metastasis has been observed for 4 years since surgery. CONCLUSIONS We detected a novel succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutation, c.424-2delA, in a Japanese family afflicted with hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome and found the mutation to be responsible for hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome. This case emphasizes the importance of performing genetic testing for patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma suspected of harboring the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutation (that is, metastatic, extra-adrenal, multiple, early onset, and family history of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma) and offer surveillance screening to mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Hirose
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Yuya Tsurutani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan.
| | - Chiho Sugisawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, 16-035 Center for Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sachiko Suematsu
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Maki Nagata
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Yukio Kakuta
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Masato Yonamine
- Laboratory of Laboratory/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Laboratory of Laboratory/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Noriko Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
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Lerario AM, Nanba K, Blinder AR, Suematsu S, Omura M, Nishikawa T, Giordano TJ, Rainey WE, Else T. Genetics of aldosterone-producing adenomas with pathogenic KCNJ5 variants. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:463-470. [PMID: 30753137 PMCID: PMC7869655 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Somatic variants in genes that regulate intracellular ion homeostasis have been identified in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA). Although the mechanisms leading to an increased aldosterone production in APA cells has been well studied, the molecular events that cause cell proliferation and tumor formation are poorly understood. In the present study, we have performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to characterize the landscape of somatic alterations in a homogeneous series of APA with pathogenic KCNJ5 variants. In the WES analysis on eleven APA, 84 exonic somatic events were called by 3 different somatic callers. Besides the KCNJ5 gene, only two genes (MED13 and ZNF669) harbored somatic variants in more than one APA. Unlike adrenocortical carcinomas, no chromosomal instability was observed by the somatic copy-number alteration and loss of heterozygosity analyses. The estimated tumor purity ranged from 0.35 to 0.67, suggesting a significant proportion of normal cell infiltration. Based on the results of PureCN analysis, the KCNJ5 variants appear to be clonal. In conclusion, in addition to KCNJ5 somatic pathogenic variant, no significant somatic event that would obviously explain proliferation or tumor growth was observed in our homogeneous cohort of KCNJ5-mutated APA. The molecular mechanisms causing APA growth and tumorigenesis remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Lerario
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kazutaka Nanba
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy R. Blinder
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sachiko Suematsu
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masao Omura
- Medical Checkup Clinic, Minatomirai Medical Square, Sowa-Group, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Thomas J. Giordano
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William E. Rainey
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tobias Else
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Corresponding author: Tobias Else, MD, 1150 West Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA,
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Inoue K, Yamazaki Y, Tsurutani Y, Suematsu S, Sugisawa C, Saito J, Omura M, Sasano H, Nishikawa T. Evaluation of Cortisol Production in Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma. Horm Metab Res 2017; 49:847-853. [PMID: 29069700 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) is sometimes accompanied with subclinical hypercortisolism. We investigated the ability of cortisol production in APA, both clinically and pathologically. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Yokohama Rosai Hospital from 2009 to 2016. Thirty patients with APA and serum cortisol levels during the 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (F-DST)<3.0 μg/dl were included. We evaluated the 1) difference between pre-adrenalectomy F-DST (pre-F-DST) and post-adrenalectomy F-DST (ΔF-DST), 2) correlation between ∆F-DST and pre-F-DST, tumour size determined by CT, and type of adrenalectomy (total or partial), and 3) relationship between the ratio of F-DST divided by tumour size (ΔF-DST/pre-F-DST/mm) and immunoreactivity of CYP17A1, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2. The median [interquartile range] age was 48 [38-58] years. We found a significant decrease in F-DST after adrenalectomy [before: 1.4 (1.1-1.8); after: 0.9 (0.6-1.2); p<0.001]. Additionally, a significant correlation was found for ΔF-DST and both pre-F-DST (Spearman, ρ=-0.68, p<0.001) and tumour size (ρ=-0.51, p 0.005). No significant difference was found in ΔF-DST between total and partial adrenalectomy. CYP17A1 and CYP11B1 were positive in 21 (100%) and 17 (81%) adenomas, respectively. CYP17A1 immunoreactivity in the tumour was significantly related with ΔF-DST/pre-F-DST/mm (p 0.049). F-DST significantly decreased after adrenalectomy, and most of the adenomas were immunohistochemically positive for CYP17A1 and CYP11B1 as well as CYP11B2. We should consider the possibility of autonomous cortisol production as well as hyperaldosteronism in the evaluation and treatment of APA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Inoue
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuya Tsurutani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Suematsu
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chiho Sugisawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masao Omura
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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Tamura A, Nishimoto K, Seki T, Matsuzawa Y, Saito J, Omura M, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Makita K, Matsui S, Moriya N, Inoue A, Nagata M, Sasano H, Nakamura Y, Yamazaki Y, Kabe Y, Mukai K, Kosaka T, Oya M, Suematsu S, Nishikawa T. Somatic KCNJ5 mutation occurring early in adrenal development may cause a novel form of juvenile primary aldosteronism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 441:134-139. [PMID: 27514282 PMCID: PMC5482904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of non-familial juvenile primary aldosteronism (PA). Super-selective adrenal venous sampling identified less aldosterone production in the right inferior adrenal segment than others. Bilateral adrenalectomy sparing the segment normalized blood pressure and improved PA. Both adrenals had similar histologies, consisting of a normal adrenal cortex and aldosterone synthase-positive hyperplasia/adenoma. An aldosterone-driving KCNJ5 mutation was detected in the lesions, but not in the histologically normal cortex. After taking into account that the two adrenal glands displayed a similar histological profile, as well as the fact that hyperplastic lesions in both glands exhibited a common KCNJ5 mutation, we conclude that the specific mutation may have occurred at an adrenal precursor mesodermal cell, at an early stage of development; its daughter cells were mixed with non-mutant cells and dispersed into both adrenal glands, resulting into a form of the condition known as genetic mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tamura
- Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Koshiro Nishimoto
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, 350-1241, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Tsugio Seki
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, 1405 West Valley Blvd #101, Colton, CA 92324, USA
| | - Yoko Matsuzawa
- Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Masao Omura
- Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Endocrinology Section, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Kohzoh Makita
- Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan; Department of Radiology, Nerima Hikarigaoka Hospital, Tokyo, 179-0072, Japan
| | - Seishi Matsui
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Moriya
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Atsushi Inoue
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Maki Nagata
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Mukai
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Medical Education Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sachiko Suematsu
- Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology & Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, 222-0036, Japan.
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7
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Kitamoto T, Suematsu S, Yamazaki Y, Nakamura Y, Sasano H, Matsuzawa Y, Saito J, Omura M, Nishikawa T. Clinical and Steroidogenic Characteristics of Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas With ATPase or CACNA1D Gene Mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:494-503. [PMID: 26606680 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT This comparative study clarified the clinical characteristics and in vitro steroidogenic activities of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) harboring ATPase or CACNA1D gene mutations. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Genetic testing was performed on 159 unilateral APAs. Somatic ATPase and CACNA1D gene mutations were analyzed in 42 APA tissues without KCNJ5 gene mutations. RESULTS ATP1A1, ATP2B3, and CACNA1D mutations were detected in one, four, and four patients, respectively. Compared with patients without KCNJ5, ATPase, or CACNA1D mutations (wild type), ATPase mutations tended to have more severe hyperaldosteronism and smaller tumors; those with CACNA1D mutations had clinical characteristics and tumor sizes similar to those with wild-type genes. APAs with ATPase mutations were composed mainly of compact eosinophilic tumor cells, whereas CACNA1D mutations resulted in predominantly clear tumor cells. Aldosterone production in APA cells with ATP2B3 mutations were more responsive to dibutyryl cAMP, whereas those with CACNA1D mutations were more responsive to adrenocorticotropic hormone than the wild-type cells. CONCLUSION APAs with ATPase mutations demonstrated a potentially severe primary aldosteronism phenotype, whereas those with CACNA1D mutations displayed characteristics similar to wild-type APAs. The status of stimulated aldosterone production was also different according to the cell types, suggesting that the regulatory effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone on aldosterone synthesis could possibly vary according to the intracellular signaling involved in hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kitamoto
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center (T.K., S.S., Y.M., J.S., M.O., T.N.), Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan; and Department of Pathology (Y.Y., Y.N., H.S.), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sachiko Suematsu
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center (T.K., S.S., Y.M., J.S., M.O., T.N.), Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan; and Department of Pathology (Y.Y., Y.N., H.S.), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center (T.K., S.S., Y.M., J.S., M.O., T.N.), Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan; and Department of Pathology (Y.Y., Y.N., H.S.), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center (T.K., S.S., Y.M., J.S., M.O., T.N.), Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan; and Department of Pathology (Y.Y., Y.N., H.S.), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center (T.K., S.S., Y.M., J.S., M.O., T.N.), Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan; and Department of Pathology (Y.Y., Y.N., H.S.), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuzawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center (T.K., S.S., Y.M., J.S., M.O., T.N.), Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan; and Department of Pathology (Y.Y., Y.N., H.S.), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center (T.K., S.S., Y.M., J.S., M.O., T.N.), Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan; and Department of Pathology (Y.Y., Y.N., H.S.), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masao Omura
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center (T.K., S.S., Y.M., J.S., M.O., T.N.), Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan; and Department of Pathology (Y.Y., Y.N., H.S.), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center (T.K., S.S., Y.M., J.S., M.O., T.N.), Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan; and Department of Pathology (Y.Y., Y.N., H.S.), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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8
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Nishikawa T, Suematsu S, Matsuzawa Y, Saito J, Omura M. Guanosine triphosphate can directly regulate cortisol production by activating Ca(2+)-messenger systems in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells. Endocr J 2016; 63:77-85. [PMID: 26560437 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is known to stimulate cortisol production in vitro, however, the effect of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) on cortisol production is not known. We studied the effect of GTP on cortisol production and investigated the regulation of intracellular signal transduction systems, including the cyclic AMP-dependent and Ca(2+)-messenger systems, in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells. GTP clearly induced cortisol biosynthesis but only to a level less than half the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced maximum. The binding site for [γ-(35)S]-GTPγS was shown to differ completely from that for ATP and also from those for Gs and Gi, as indicated by the fact that binding was not influenced by pretreatment with cholera toxin and pertussis toxin. GTP significantly increased cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate without affecting cyclic AMP formation. GTP-induced cortisol production was suppressed by H-9 and Calphostin C (specific protein kinase C inhibitors) but not by H-8 and KT5720 (specific inhibitors of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase), suggesting that GTP activates cortisol biosynthesis possibly via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway. Extracellular calcium may be essential for GTP activity since GTP-induced cortisol production was almost completely suppressed in its absence. In conclusion, it can be postulated that GTP-induced steroid secretion in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells is under paracrine or autocrine control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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9
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Kitamoto T, Suematsu S, Matsuzawa Y, Saito J, Omura M, Nishikawa T. Abstract P001: Comparative Study on Steroidgenic Activity in Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma With ATPase or CACNA1D Gene Mutations in Japanese Patients With Primary Aldosteronism. Hypertension 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.66.suppl_1.p001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Object:
Our aim is to clarify the regulatory mechanism of aldosterone synthesis in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) harboring ATPase or CACNA1D gene mutations.
Design and patients:
We subjected 108 patients with unilateral APA, and tested somatic mutations by using each APA tissue. ATPase and CACNA1D genes were analyzed among 33 APAs without KCNJ5 gene mutations. We also evaluated pathological findings of steroidgenic enzymes and isolated cells prepared from 2 ATP2B3- and 1 CACNA1D-mutated APAs were incubated with various stimulants for clarifying steroidgenic activity.
Results:
There were 1, 2, and 2 cases whose APAs possessed ATP1A1, ATP2B3, and CACNA1D mutations, respectively. Compared with the wild-type group without any somatic mutations of KCNJ5, ATPase or CACNA1D, the patients with ATPase mutations showed severe phenotype of hyperaldosteronemia even with smaller-sized tumors, although the CACNA1D-mutated APA patients showed similar characteristics. Pathological findings clearly demonstrated that the ATPase-mutated APA was mainly composed of compact eosinophilic tumor cells, while the CACNA1D-mutated APA mainly did of clear tumor cells with relatively weak 3βHSD2 immunoreactivity. In vitro incubation study with isolated APA cells demonstrated that aldosterone production of ATP2B3 mutated APA cells was more responsive to (Bt)2cAMP than that of the other types of cells (almost 2-fold in the wild group and the CACNA1D-mutated cells vs. 4-fold increase in the ATPase-mutated cells). On the other hand, CACNA1D-mutated APA cells showed greater responsiveness to ACTH compared with the other types of cells (almost 2-fold in the wild group and ATPase-mutated cells vs. 4-fold increase in the CACNA1D-mutated cells).
Conclusion:
Responsiveness of aldosterone production stimulated by ACTH or cyclic AMP differed in each case with different cell types. The mutation of ATPase seems to promote accelerated intracellular Ca signaling systems, of which activation may be quantitatively differed in the case of CACNA1D mutation. Thus, our data suggested that the regulatory effect of ACTH on aldosterone synthesis might vary according to the basal intracellular conditions, such as upregulation of Ca signaling induced by each mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Saito
- Yokohama Rosai Hosp, Yokohama city, Japan
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10
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Kitamoto T, Suematsu S, Matsuzawa Y, Saito J, Omura M, Nishikawa T. Comparison of Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with and without KCNJ5 Gene Mutations Harboring Aldosterone-producing Adenomas. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:191-200. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoko Matsuzawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital
| | - Masao Omura
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital
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11
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Matsuzawa Y, Suematsu S, Saito J, Omura M, Nishikawa T. Vascular aldosterone production at the pre-diabetic stage of young Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, compared with Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. Molecules 2013; 18:15636-47. [PMID: 24352019 PMCID: PMC6270161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the ability of aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMC) prepared from spontaneously diabetic rats to produce aldosterone (Aldo) and the regulatory mechanism that controls their Aldo production. AoSMC of 6 week-old Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO: the control group) and 6 week-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF: the type 2 diabetes group) rats were used in the present experiments. CYP11B2 (Aldo synthetase) mRNA expression was detected in both the LETO and OLETF AoSMC. Basal Aldo production was significantly greater (4-5 fold higher) in the OLETF AoSMC culture medium than in the LETO AoSMC culture medium. When AoSMC were co-incubated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL), supplying cholesterol as a substrate for steroidogenesis in rats, angiotensin II (AII) significantly increased greater Aldo production in the OLETF AoSMC than in the LETO AoSMC. The present data suggested that future onset of diabetic vascular dysfunction is partly caused by excess Aldo production by AoSMC in young OLETF rats. Concomitant stimulation by HDL and AII resulted in elevated Aldo production in the OLETF and the LETO AoSMC, and also demonstrated that AII-induced Aldo production is greatly enhanced by HDL in OLETF, rather than in LETO. In conclusion, our data clearly demonstrated that Aldo production in the OLETF AoSMC was significantly higher than in the LETO AoSMC, suggesting possible future onset of vascular dysfunction in diabetes, induced by local Aldo production in the AoSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan.
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12
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Sakuma I, Suematsu S, Matsuzawa Y, Saito J, Omura M, Maekawa T, Nakamura Y, Sasano H, Nishikawa T. Characterization of steroidogenic enzyme expression in aldosterone-producing adenoma: a comparison with various human adrenal tumors. Endocr J 2013; 60:329-36. [PMID: 23257735 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the expression profiles of several steroidogenic enzymes in normal adrenals, aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), cortisol-producing adenomas combined with Cushing's syndrome (CPA) or with subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCPA), and nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas (NFA) to clarify the nature and characteristics of steroidogenesis in APA. Clinical data were collected for all subjects. In resected adrenal glands (normal adrenals, APA, CPA, SCPA, and NFA), the mRNA expression levels of the CYP17, HSD3B2, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2 genes were studied using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The CYP11B2 mRNA level in APA was significantly higher than that in other groups. The CYP17/HSD3B2 ratio for mRNA in APA was significantly lower than those in the other groups. Low ratio of CYP17/HSD3B2 with high expression of CYP11B2 seems to explain steroidogenic characteristics of APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikki Sakuma
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan
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13
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Kitamoto T, Suematsu S, Matsuzawa Y, Saito J, Omura M, Nishikawa T. Abstract 279: Involvement of Kcnj5 Mutations on Excessive Aldosterone Sythesis When Incubated With Acth by Cells Isolated From Aldosterone-producing Adenoma. Hypertension 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.60.suppl_1.a279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Our objective was to investigate the steroidogenic activity by in vitro incubating adrenocortical cells, isolated from aldosterone- producing adenomas (APA) tissues with/without mutations of the KCNJ5 gene in order to clarify the mechanisms of autonomous production of aldosterone in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA).
Design and Patients:
We subjected 22 cases with APA and sequenced KCNJ5 cDNA by using resected tissues of APA. We divided them to 16 APAs with mutations of the KCNJ5 gene (mutated group) and 6 APAs without its mutations (wild type group). Isolated cells were prepared soon after removing APA tissues, and the cells were incubated with various stimulants, including ACTH and Bt2cAMP. The mRNA expression of each steroidogenic enzyme was also determined by RT-PCR.
Results:
Responsiveness of aldosterone production (A-P) by isolated cells to ACTH and Bt2cAMP was greater in the mutated group than in the wild type group, although basal amount of A-P incubated for 2hrs without any stimulants was equal between two groups. Responsiveness of A-P to TPA and TPA+ Ca ionophore was greater in the mutated group than in the wild type group. Tissue extracts of mRNA without any stimulations revealed that the mutated group demonstrated higher expression of 17-hydroxylase/3HSD2 than the wild type group, which showed greater expression of CYP11B2 than the mutated group.
Conclusion:
In vitro incubation studies demonstrated that ACTH might play a crucial role on up-regulating autonomous production of A-P in APA tissues with mutations of the KCNJ5 gene, although the basal expression of CYP11B2 was lower in the mutated group. Moreover, the mutated group showed high ratio of the basal expression of 17-hydroxylase/3HSD2, suggesting that the mutated group can produce cortisol rather than aldoterone via supplying 17-hydroxylated substrates at the static condition, while cAMP-dependent systems or C-kinase-dependent systems activated by ACTH seem to strongly promote activation of A-P steps in the mutated group, rather than in the wild type group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Saito
- Yokohama Rosai Hosp, Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Nishikawa T, Matsuzawa Y, Suematsu S, Saito J, Omura M, Kino T. Effect of atorvastatin on aldosterone production induced by glucose, LDL or angiotensin II in human renal mesangial cells. Arzneimittelforschung 2010; 60:445-51. [PMID: 20712135 PMCID: PMC2941820 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1296310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, thus development of rational therapeutic means is critical for improving public health. It was previously reported that human mesangial cells locally produced aldosterone, a steroid hormone that plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. The present experiments clarified the effect of glucose, LDL and angiotensin II, the molecules frequently elevated in patients with diabetic nephropathy, on aldosterone production in human primary mesangial cells. These cells expressed the CYP11B2 mRNA, a rate-limiting enzyme in the aldosterone biosynthesis. LDL and angiotensin II stimulated CYP11B2 mRNA expression in these cells, while a high concentration of glucose, angiotensin II and/or LDL increased aldosterone production. Importantly, atorvastatin (CAS 134523-03-8), an HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitor, strongly suppressed their effects on aldosterone production. Atorvastatin also suppressed positive effects of these compounds on the mRNA expression of the angiotensin II receptor type 1, thus atorvastatin exerted its negative effect in part through changing expression of this receptor. Since elevated levels of glucose and LDL, and increased action of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is known to participate in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, it is speculated that the mesangial endocrine system that produces aldosterone locally is a promising therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy where HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors provide a beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan.
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15
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Katakai T, Suto H, Sugai M, Gonda H, Togawa A, Suematsu S, Ebisuno Y, Katagiri K, Kinashi T, Shimizu A. Organizer-like reticular stromal cell layer common to adult secondary lymphoid organs. J Immunol 2008; 181:6189-200. [PMID: 18941209 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.6189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells are crucial components of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Organogenesis of SLOs involves specialized stromal cells, designated lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) in the embryonic anlagen; in the adult, several distinct stromal lineages construct elaborate tissue architecture and regulate lymphocyte compartmentalization. The relationship between the LTo and adult stromal cells, however, remains unclear, as does the precise number of stromal cell types that constitute mature SLOs are unclear. From mouse lymph nodes, we established a VCAM-1(+)ICAM-1(+)MAdCAM-1(+) reticular cell line that can produce CXCL13 upon LTbetaR stimulation and support primary B cell adhesion and migration in vitro. A similar stromal population sharing many characteristics with the LTo, designated marginal reticular cells (MRCs), was found in the outer follicular region immediately underneath the subcapsular sinus of lymph nodes. Moreover, MRCs were commonly observed at particular sites in various SLOs even in Rag2(-/-) mice, but were not found in ectopic lymphoid tissues, suggesting that MRCs are a developmentally determined element. These findings lead to a comprehensive view of the stromal composition and architecture of SLOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Katakai
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
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16
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Matsuda T, Suematsu S, Kawano M, Yoshizaki K, Tang B, Tanabe O, Nakajima T, Akira S, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. IL-6/BSF2 in normal and abnormal regulation of immune responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 557:466-76; discussion 476-7. [PMID: 2786703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb24039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuda
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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17
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Hirano T, Suematsu S, Matsusaka T, Matsuda T, Kishimoto T. The role of interleukin 6 in plasmacytomagenesis. Ciba Found Symp 2007; 167:188-96; discussion 196-200. [PMID: 1425013 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514269.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a polyfunctional cytokine which regulates the immune response, the acute-phase reaction and haemopoiesis. IL-6 plays a critical role in differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, and is a potent growth factor for plasmacytomas and myelomas. A relationship between IL-6 and polyclonal plasma cell abnormalities has been demonstrated. Abnormal production of IL-6 was first suggested to be related to hypergammaglobulinaemia with autoantibody production in patients with cardiac myxoma. A role of IL-6 in the generation of plasmacytoma has also been indicated. In support of these clinical and experimental observations, we demonstrated that transgenic C57BL/6 mice carrying the human IL-6 gene showed a massive polyclonal plasmacytosis with production of autoantibodies. However, the tumour was not transplantable to syngeneic animals. Susceptibility to pristane-induced plasmacytomagenesis is genetically determined--pristane can induce plasmacytomas in BALB/c but not in C57BL/6 mice. IL-6 transgenic C57BL/6 mice were backcrossed to BALB/c mice to elucidate the genetic influence on plasmacytomagenesis. Transplantable monoclonal plasmacytoma with a t(12;15) chromosomal translocation was generated in some of the backcrossed mice, indicating that IL-6 plays a key role in the multistep oncogenesis of plasma cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirano
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
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18
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Abstract
We investigated the regulation of each intracellular signal transduction system including cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent and calcium (Ca2+) messenger systems in bovine adrenal fasciculo-reticularis cells to clarify the exact mode of action of ACTH. Pretreatment with primaquine and quinacrine, which are phospholipase A2 inhibitors, significantly inhibited cortisol production activated by both low and high concentrations of ACTH. Therefore, it seems that metabolites induced by phospholipase A2 are quite essential for cortisol synthesis induced by ACTH, either at low or high concentrations. At low concentrations of ACTH (10(-13)-10(-12) M), significant increases of cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i), but not of cAMP, were observed. Calphostin C, a specific protein kinase C inhibitor, apparently suppressed cortisol production activated by low concentrations of ACTH, while H-89, a specific inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, did not. These findings suggest that, at physiologically low concentrations, ACTH activates [Ca2+]i and phospholipase A2 without affecting cAMP formation, resulting in an increased biosynthesis of cortisol, partly via protein kinase C-dependent processes. At high concentrations, ACTH (10(-9)-10(-7) M) induced an increase of cAMP and [Ca2+]i. The cortisol production induced by high concentrations of ACTH was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with calphostin C, H-89 and H-7, suggesting the participation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C systems in the regulation of cortisol production in the presence of high concentrations of ACTH. In conclusion, cytosolic calcium is biphasically enhanced by ACTH, although cAMP accumulation is increased only by high concentrations of ACTH. A phospholipase A2-dependent process may partly play a crucial role in the regulation of cortisol biosynthesis, when stimulated by low and high concentrations of ACTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Omura
- Department of Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan
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19
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Nishikawa T, Suematsu S, Saito J, Soyama A, Ito H, Kino T, Chrousos G. Human renal mesangial cells produce aldosterone in response to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 96:309-16. [PMID: 15993578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic aldosterone plays an important role in the development of the microvascular disease and glomerular damage of the kidney in patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Here, we investigated the possibility of local production of aldosterone in the kidney, using human primary glomerular mesangial cells. These cells produced both pregnenolone and aldosterone measured by specific radioimmunoassay and/or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. The production of both steroids was significantly stimulated by treatment with LDL, while angiotensin II had a synergistic effect. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and (Bu)2cAMP, on the other hand, failed to stimulate aldosterone production by these cells, suggesting that the local production of this steroid by mesangial cells is regulated differently from that of adrenal zona glomerulosa cells. Mesangial cells expressed the mRNA of the LDL receptor and steroidogenic enzymes, such as P450scc, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), 21-hydroxylase and CYP11B2. Mesangial cells also expressed mRNA of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and LDL stimulated its abundance by three-fold, while spironolactone, a completive antagonist of aldosterone, completely abolished this LDL effect. Since MR is a known mineralocorticoid-responsive gene as well as an intracellular receptor molecule for this steroid, these results suggest that locally produced aldosterone is biologically active, stimulating the transcription rates of the mineralocorticoid-responsive genes by activating the MR in mesangial cells. These pieces of evidence indicate that human mesangial cells are an aldosterone-producing tissue in which LDL plays a major regulatory role. Therefore, human renal mesangial endocrine system may contribute to local aldosterone concentrations and effects in the renal glomerulus independently of the systemic renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system and may participate in the development and progression of glomerular damage in several pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 222-0036, Japan.
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Abstract
Stromal cells play an important role in the formation of the normal organized microarchitecture of secondary lymphoid organs. Here we demonstrate that a tissue-engineered, lymphoid tissue-like organoid, which was constructed by transplantation of stromal cells embedded in biocompatible scaffolds into the renal subcapsular space in mice, had an organized tissue structure similar to secondary lymphoid organs. This organoid contained compartmentalized B-cell and T-cell clusters, high endothelial venule-like vessels, germinal centers and follicular dendritic cell networks. Furthermore, the organoid was transplantable to naive normal or severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, and antigen-specific, IgG-isotype antibody formation could be induced soon after intravenous administration of the antigen. This simplified system of lymphoid tissue-like organoid construction will facilitate analyses of cell-cell interactions required for development of secondary lymphoid organs and efficient induction of adaptive immune responses, and may have possible applications in the treatment of immune deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Suematsu
- Research Unit for Immune Surveillance, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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21
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Yasui T, Muraoka M, Takaoka-Shichijo Y, Ishida I, Takegahara N, Uchida J, Kumanogoh A, Suematsu S, Suzuki M, Kikutani H. Dissection of B cell differentiation during primary immune responses in mice with altered CD40 signals. Int Immunol 2002; 14:319-29. [PMID: 11867568 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/14.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CD40 is essential for efficient humoral immune responses. CD40 has two cytoplasmic domains required for binding of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAF). The TRAF6-binding site is within the membrane proximal cytoplasmic (Cmp) region, while a PXQXT motif in the membrane distal cytoplasmic (Cmd) region needs to engage TRAF2/3/5. To dissect CD40 signals necessary for B cell differentiation, we generated transgenic mice expressing wild-type and mutant human CD40 (hCD40) molecules in a mouse CD40-deficient (mCD40(-/-)) background. The B cell-specific expression of hCD40 in mCD40(-/-) mice resulted in T-dependent antibody responses including germinal center (GC) formation. Mutant hCD40 molecules that carry either a point mutation of the TRAF2/3/5-binding site or a deletion of the Cmd region rescued extrafollicular B cell differentiation but not GC formation. A mutant hCD40 that comprises of only the TRAF2/3/5-binding site in the cytoplasmic region also rescued low but significant titers of antigen-specific IgG1 without GC formation. These results demonstrated that two distinct signals either from the Cmp or from the Cmd region induced the extrafollicular B cell differentiation and Ig class switching; however, GC formation required both. We conclude that combinations of these two signals determine which of the extrafollicular or the follicular (GC) differentiation pathway B cells enter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhito Yasui
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Abstract
Fas is a death receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and is expressed in various cell types, in particular, in lymphoid cells. A loss-of-function mutation in the Fas gene (lpr mutation) causes lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, and accelerates autoimmune diseases in some strains of mice such as MRL. In this report, Fas cDNA driven by murine lck distal promoter was used to establish transgenic MRL-lpr mouse lines. The transgenic mice expressed functional Fas in mature T cells and B cells. The lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly caused by accumulation of abnormal T cells in the lpr mice were rescued in the transgenic mice. The number of B cells in the periphery as well as the serum IgG level were significantly reduced, and the autoimmune symptoms and mortality were ameliorated. These results indicate that both mature B cells and T cells must undergo Fas-mediated apoptosis to prevent the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Fukuyama
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Tada A, Suematsu S, Okabe M. Manual control in space--research on perceptual-motor functions under zero gravity condition. Biol Sci Space 2001; 15 Suppl:S84-90. [PMID: 12101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Microgravity effects on human factor were studied through a series of manual control experiments conducted in the First Material Processing Test. The Japanese Payload Specialist operated a finger stick for 130 seconds to maintain a light spot movement around the center of a vertical LED array display. The stick angle is doubly integrated to make the controlled element motion. The light spot position indicates the difference between the motion and pseudo-random wave patterns which drives the man-machine tracking system. 24 runs were conducted in each of 2 months before launch, immediately pre-flight, and post-flight experiments. During the flight experiments, the PS felt pain in fast eye movement. He was obliged to fix his line of sight at the center of display and to watch the displayed error movement using peripheral view. He also felt difficulty in supporting his body against reaction force of his hand movement. During a few days after landing, disturbance was observed in the PS's posture. The operator describing function analysis revealed the disappearance of the "regression" phenomenon and increment of the effective time delay. As the result, the flight describing function showed better fit to the simplified model of lead with pure time delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tada
- National Aerospace Laboratory, Chofu City, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Burrows PD, Suematsu S, Watanabe T. Activation of self-reactive B cells and autoimmune diseases. Rev Immunogenet 2001; 2:38-51. [PMID: 11324692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of antigen-specific cells of the immune system, the T and B lymphocytes, creates a dilemma. On the one hand, survival of the organism depends upon the generation of a nearly limitless repertoire of potential antigen-binding specificities so that cells able to respond to pathogens are present prior to contact. However, by devising genetic strategies to maximize receptor diversity, the generation of T and B cells with autoreactive receptors is inevitable. B cells have an even greater opportunity than T cells to become autoreactive, since they may randomly alter the amino acid sequence and hence the specificity of their receptors during an immune response. Observing the system, one might wonder not why autoimmune diseases occasionally develop, but rather why they are not more frequent or even unavoidable. In this review, we examine the generation of B cells and their repertoire of antigen receptors, describe mechanisms that have evolved to prevent self-reactive B cells from causing autoimmune diseases, and discuss scenarios that may lead to a breakdown of self tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Burrows
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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25
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Matsuki Y, Kaname T, Suematsu S, Yamaguchi Y, Abe K, Yamamura K. Mouse K-glypican gene, gpc4, maps to chromosome X. Genomics 1998; 54:358-9. [PMID: 9828145 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuki
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kuhonji 4-24-1, Kumamoto, 862-0976, Japan
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26
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Fukuyama H, Adachi M, Suematsu S, Miwa K, Suda T, Yoshida N, Nagata S. Transgenic expression of Fas in T cells blocks lymphoproliferation but not autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr mice. J Immunol 1998; 160:3805-11. [PMID: 9558084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fas is a member of the TNF receptor family. Binding of Fas ligand to Fas induces apoptosis in Fas-bearing cells. Fas is expressed in various cells, including thymocytes, peripheral T cells, and activated B cells. The mouse lpr mutation is a loss of function mutation of Fas. MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, and produce multiple autoantibodies, which results in autoimmune disease. In this report, we describe the establishment of a line of Fas transgenic MRL-lpr mice in which mouse Fas cDNA was expressed using the T cell-specific murine lck promoter. The transgenic mice expressed functional Fas in thymocytes and peripheral T cells, but not in B cells. The transgenic mice did not accumulate abnormal T cells (Thy-1+ B220+), but still accumulated B cells (Thy-1- B220+); they produced a large quantity of Igs (IgG1 and IgG2a), including anti-DNA Abs, and developed glomerulonephritis. These results suggest that autoreactive or activated B cells must be killed through Fas expressed in the B cells by the Fas ligand expressed in activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fukuyama
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
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27
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Fukuyama H, Adachi M, Suematsu S, Miwa K, Suda T, Yoshida N, Nagata S. Transgenic Expression of Fas in T Cells Blocks Lymphoproliferation But Not Autoimmune Disease in MRL- lpr Mice. The Journal of Immunology 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.8.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Fas is a member of the TNF receptor family. Binding of Fas ligand to Fas induces apoptosis in Fas-bearing cells. Fas is expressed in various cells, including thymocytes, peripheral T cells, and activated B cells. The mouse lpr mutation is a loss of function mutation of Fas. MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, and produce multiple autoantibodies, which results in autoimmune disease. In this report, we describe the establishment of a line of Fas transgenic MRL-lpr mice in which mouse Fas cDNA was expressed using the T cell-specific murine lck promoter. The transgenic mice expressed functional Fas in thymocytes and peripheral T cells, but not in B cells. The transgenic mice did not accumulate abnormal T cells (Thy-1+ B220+), but still accumulated B cells (Thy-1− B220+); they produced a large quantity of Igs (IgG1 and IgG2a), including anti-DNA Abs, and developed glomerulonephritis. These results suggest that autoreactive or activated B cells must be killed through Fas expressed in the B cells by the Fas ligand expressed in activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Fukuyama
- *Department of Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Yamadaoka, Suita
- †Osaka Bioscience Institute, Furuedai, Suita; and
| | - Masashi Adachi
- *Department of Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Yamadaoka, Suita
| | - Sachiko Suematsu
- ‡Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Miwa
- *Department of Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Yamadaoka, Suita
| | - Takashi Suda
- *Department of Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Yamadaoka, Suita
| | - Nobuaki Yoshida
- ‡Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- *Department of Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Yamadaoka, Suita
- †Osaka Bioscience Institute, Furuedai, Suita; and
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28
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Nishikawa T, Omura M, Suematsu S. Possible involvement of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in ACTH-induced expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells. Endocr J 1997; 44:895-8. [PMID: 9622308 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.44.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein plays a crucial role in the regulation of cholesterol transport from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner membrane, where P450scc participates in a rate-limiting step of adrenal steroidogenesis. We have already reported that both of cAMP- and protein kinase C-dependent processes may play a crucial role in the regulation of expression of StAR protein when bovine fasciculata cells are stimulated with ACTH. In the present study, ACTH increased cytosolic calcium movement and activated expression of StAR protein, resulting in enhancing cortisol production by bovine adrenal fasciculata cells. The role of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase process in the regulation of expression of the StAR protein by ACTH was studied. The activating effects of ACTH on the StAR protein and cortisol production were inhibited by pretreatment with KN-93, a specific inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. These findings suggest that ACTH can enhance expression of the StAR protein as well as cortisol synthesis in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells, in part via a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama City, Japan
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29
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Nishikawa T, Suematsu S, Omura M, Iizuka T. 3.P.254 Simvastatin can inhibit PDGF-induced proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells prepared from diabetic rat. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)89328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Katsume A, Miyai T, Suzuki H, Moriguchi Y, Kawata H, Tatsumi T, Suematsu S, Kishimoto T, Ohsugi Y. Interleukin-6 overexpression cannot generate serious disorders in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 82:117-24. [PMID: 9000479 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1996.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
C57BL/6 human interleukin-6 (IL-6) transgenic mice develop mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with massive IgG1 plasmacytosis and die of renal failure in early life. To test whether the IL-6 overexpression could cause development of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis without plasmacytosis or promote proliferation of immature B cells that have not undergone immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, the IL-6 transgene was introduced into mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). In the immunocompetent littermate IL-6 transgenic mice, there were various symptoms such as plasmacytosis, nephropathy, anemia, and thrombocytosis, accompanied by marked increases in serum IL-6 levels as they aged. All these mice died by 25 weeks of age. In contrast, the SCID-IL-6 transgenic mice had no such abnormalities, except certain hematological changes, although the transgene was expressed in various tissues. In these mice, the serum IL-6 levels were 10- to 15-fold higher than those in the nontransgenic mice, and they remained constant throughout their lives. Furthermore, there were no signs of lymphoid development. This study demonstrates that deregulation of IL-6 expression does not stimulate cell growth or differentiation of immature B cells, and thus does not result in plasmacytosis and age-related increases in IL-6 production, and also does not generate mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Katsume
- Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Komakado 1-135, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412, Japan
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nishimoto
- Department of Medicine III, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
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32
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Nishikawa T, Sasano H, Omura M, Suematsu S. Regulation of expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein by ACTH in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 223:12-8. [PMID: 8660356 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunocytochemical studies and immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that there exists the StAR protein in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells, and ACTH activated expression of the StAR protein. Then roles of intracellular signal transduction systems in the regulation of expression of the StAR protein were studied. The addition of Bt2cAMP and forskolin, or phorbol ester plus calcium ionophore 23187 activated expression of the StAR protein as well as cortisol production, suggesting that cyclic AMP- or protein kinase C-dependent process plays a crucial role in the regulation of expression of the StAR protein. Activating effects of ACTH which activates cyclic AMP formation on the StAR protein and cortisol production were inhibited by pretreatment with calphostin C which is a protein kinase C inhibitor, suggesting that ACTH enhances expression of the StAR protein possibly via both of two signal transduction systems such as cyclic AMP- and protein kinase C-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Japan
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33
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Adachi M, Suematsu S, Suda T, Watanabe D, Fukuyama H, Ogasawara J, Tanaka T, Yoshida N, Nagata S. Enhanced and accelerated lymphoproliferation in Fas-null mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:2131-6. [PMID: 8700897 PMCID: PMC39922 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.5.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas is a 45-kDa membrane protein that transduces an apoptotic signal. The mouse lymphoproliferation (lpr) mutation is a leaky mutation of Fas. In this study, we examined lymphocyte development in Fas-null mice generated by gene targeting. The Fas-/- mice progressively accumulated abnormal T cells (Thy1+, B220+, CD4-, and CD8-) and developed lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, which were much more accelerated and pronounced than those in lpr mice. In addition, the Fas-null mice showed lymphocytosis, accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration in the lungs and liver. The number of apparently normal B cells also increased, and large amounts of immunoglobulins, including anti-DNA antibodies, were produced. Thymic clonal deletion, assessed by deletion of T cells reactive to mouse endogenous superantigens, was apparently normal in the Fas-/- mice, whereas the peripheral clonal deletion of mature T cells against a bacterial superantigen was impaired. These results suggested that Fas plays a decisive role in peripheral clonal deletion but not in negative selection in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adachi
- Osaka Bioscience Institute, Japan
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34
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Yoshida K, Taga T, Saito M, Suematsu S, Kumanogoh A, Tanaka T, Fujiwara H, Hirata M, Yamagami T, Nakahata T, Hirabayashi T, Yoneda Y, Tanaka K, Wang WZ, Mori C, Shiota K, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T. Targeted disruption of gp130, a common signal transducer for the interleukin 6 family of cytokines, leads to myocardial and hematological disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:407-11. [PMID: 8552649 PMCID: PMC40247 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.1.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
gp130 is a ubiquitously expressed signal-transducing receptor component shared by interleukin 6, interleukin 11, leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and cardiotrophin 1. To investigate physiological roles of gp130 and to examine pathological consequences of a lack of gp130, mice deficient for gp130 have been prepared. Embryos homozygous for the gp130 mutation progressively die between 12.5 days postcoitum and term. On 16.5 days postcoitum and later, they show hypoplastic ventricular myocardium without septal and trabecular defect. The subcellular ultrastructures in gp130-/- cardiomyocytes appear normal. The mutant embryos have greatly reduced numbers of pluripotential and committed hematopoietic progenitors in the liver and differentiated lineages such as T cells in the thymus. Some gp130-/- embryos show anemia due to impaired development of erythroid lineage cells. These results indicate that gp130 plays a crucial role in myocardial development and hematopoiesis during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshida
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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35
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Adachi M, Suematsu S, Kondo T, Ogasawara J, Tanaka T, Yoshida N, Nagata S. Targeted mutation in the Fas gene causes hyperplasia in peripheral lymphoid organs and liver. Nat Genet 1995; 11:294-300. [PMID: 7581453 DOI: 10.1038/ng1195-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fas, a type I membrane protein that transduces an apoptotic signal, is expressed in lymphocytes as well as in various tissues such as the liver, lung and heart. The mouse lymphoproliferation (lpr) mutation is a leaky mutation in Fas. By means of gene targeting, we generated a mouse strain which is completely deficient in Fas. In addition to the massive production of lymphocytes, the Fas-null mice showed substantial liver hyperplasia, which was accompanied by the enlargement of nuclei in hepatocytes. The Fas system seems to play a role in the apoptotic process to maintain homeostasis of the liver as well as the peripheral lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adachi
- Osaka Bioscience Institute, Japan
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36
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Oka Y, Rolink AG, Suematsu S, Kishimoto T, Melchers F. An interleukin-6 transgene expressed in B lymphocyte lineage cells overcomes the T cell-dependent establishment of normal levels of switched immunoglobulin isotypes. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25:1332-7. [PMID: 7774636 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830250530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Long-term proliferating, stromal cell/interleukin (IL)-7-reactive precursor B cell lines established from fetal liver and bone marrow of human IL-6-transgenic B6Ld46 mice produce and secrete human IL-6. When transplanted into severe-combined immunodeficient (SCID) or Rag2 knockout (Rag2-T) mice, these pre-B-cell lines establish a part of the B cell compartment but yield no T cells, as do pre-B cell lines from genetically matched non-transgenic mice. Within 2 to 3 months after transplantation, the serum of mice transplanted with pre-B cells from normal mice contains normal levels of IgM (200-600 micrograms/ml) but 10-100-fold lower levels of the IgG subclasses and of IgA. In contrast, the sera of mice transplanted with IL-6 transgenic pre-B cells contain not only IgM, but also IgG and IgA at nearly normal levels. The results indicate that at least a part of the plasmacytosis and elevated IgG production observed previously in the IL-6-transgenic mice appears to be due to a T cell-independent activation of IgG and IgA production by the IL-6-secreting pre-B cells and their differentiated progeny in the immunodeficient hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oka
- Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland
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37
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Tanaka T, Akira S, Yoshida K, Umemoto M, Yoneda Y, Shirafuji N, Fujiwara H, Suematsu S, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T. Targeted disruption of the NF-IL6 gene discloses its essential role in bacteria killing and tumor cytotoxicity by macrophages. Cell 1995; 80:353-61. [PMID: 7530603 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of NF-IL6 in vivo, we have generated NF-IL6 (-/-) mice by gene targeting. NF-IL6 (-/-) mice were highly susceptible to infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Electron microscopic observation revealed the escape of a larger number of pathogens from the phagosome to the cytoplasm in activated macrophages from NF-IL6 (-/-) mice. Furthermore, the tumor cytotoxicity of macrophages from NF-IL6 (-/-) mice was severely impaired. However, cytokines involved in macrophage activation, such as TNF and IFN gamma, were induced normally in NF-IL6 (-/-) mice. Nitric oxide (NO) formation was induced to a similar extent in macrophages from both wild-type and NF-IL6 (-/-) mice. These results demonstrate the crucial role of NF-IL6 in macrophage bactericidal and tumoricidal activities as well as the existence of a NO-independent mechanism of these activities. We also demonstrate that NF-IL6 is essential for the induction of G-CSF in macrophages and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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38
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Fujiwara H, Kikutani H, Suematsu S, Naka T, Yoshida K, Yoshida K, Tanaka T, Suemura M, Matsumoto N, Kojima S. The absence of IgE antibody-mediated augmentation of immune responses in CD23-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:6835-9. [PMID: 8041705 PMCID: PMC44292 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.15.6835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD23 antigen, a low-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII), is a type II membrane-bound glycoprotein expressed on various cells, particularly mature B cells. A number of functions have been ascribed to CD23, including specific regulation of IgE production, IgE-mediated cytotoxicity and release of mediators, IgE-dependent antigen focusing, promotion of B-cell growth, prevention of germinal center B cells from apoptosis, proliferation of myeloid precursors, and maturation of early thymocytes. It is not clear whether these activities represent in vivo functions. To explore in vivo functions of CD23, we have produced CD23-deficient mice. These mice displayed normal lymphocyte differentiation and could mount normal antibody responses, including IgE responses upon immunization with T-dependent antigens and infection with Nippostrongyrus brasiliensis. Germinal center formation after immunization and in vitro proliferative response of B cells were not affected in mutant mice. However, antigen-specific IgE-mediated enhancement of antibody responses was severely impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fujiwara
- Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Japan
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39
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Kawabe T, Naka T, Yoshida K, Tanaka T, Fujiwara H, Suematsu S, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Kikutani H. The immune responses in CD40-deficient mice: impaired immunoglobulin class switching and germinal center formation. Immunity 1994; 1:167-78. [PMID: 7534202 DOI: 10.1016/1074-7613(94)90095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 857] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An engagement of CD40 with CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed on activated T cells is known to provide an essential costimulatory signal to B cells in vitro. To investigate the role of CD40 in in vivo immune responses, CD40-deficient mice were generated by gene targeting. The significant reduction of CD23 expression on mature B cells and relatively decreased number of IgM bright and IgD dull B cells were observed in the mutant mice. The mutant mice mounted IgM responses but no IgG, IgA, and IgE responses to thymus-dependent (TD) antigens. However, IgG as well as IgM responses to thymus-independent (TI) antigens were normal. Furthermore, the germinal center formation was defective in the mutant mice. These results suggest that CD40 is essential for T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching and germinal center formation, but not for in vivo T cell-dependent IgM responses and T cell-independent antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawabe
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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40
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Suematsu S, Matsusaka T, Matsuda T, Ohno S, Miyazaki J, Yamamura K, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. Generation of plasmacytomas with the chromosomal translocation t(12;15) in interleukin 6 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:232-5. [PMID: 1729694 PMCID: PMC48210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.1.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms through which pristane or mineral oil can induce plasmacytomas in BALB/c or NZB mice are not fully understood, but involvement of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a growth factor for plasmacytomas and myelomas, has been strongly suggested. To clarify the role of IL-6 in plasmacytomagenesis, a human IL-6 cDNA was introduced into mouse germ lines under the transcriptional control of the murine major histocompatibility complex class I (H-2Ld) promoter. IL-6 transgenic mice of C57BL/6 origin developed a massive plasmacytosis but not plasmacytomas. However, introduction of BALB/c genetic background into IL-6 transgenic mice could generate monoclonal transplantable plasmacytomas with the chromosomal translocation t(12;15). These results provide firm evidence of the critical role of IL-6 in the plasmacytoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suematsu
- Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
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41
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Isshiki H, Akira S, Sugita T, Nishio Y, Hashimoto S, Pawlowski T, Suematsu S, Kishimoto T. Reciprocal expression of NF-IL6 and C/EBP in hepatocytes: possible involvement of NF-IL6 in acute phase protein gene expression. New Biol 1991; 3:63-70. [PMID: 1710143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The initial phase of inflammation is accompanied by dramatic changes in the concentrations of certain plasma proteins. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important inducer of these acute phase proteins at the transcriptional level. The recently cloned nuclear factor NF-IL6, a potent trans-acting regulator of IL-6 gene expression, has a region that is highly homologous to the liver-specific transcriptional factor C/EBP. Both factors recognize the same nucleotide sequence. In this study the recombinant NF-IL6 was shown to interact with the IL-6-responsive elements (IL-6REs) identified in the promoter region of several acute phase protein genes whose activity increases during the acute phase reaction. Furthermore, in competition experiments, formation of all the DNA-protein complexes by the IL-6RE and IL-6-treated hepatoma cell extracts was specifically decreased by adding either the 14-bp NF-IL6 binding motif identified in the IL-6 promoter or the antibody against the recombinant NF-IL6. NF-IL6 was expressed at a minor level in mouse liver, but was dramatically induced after stimulation with IL-6. In contrast, the amount of C/EBP mRNA decreased considerably after IL-6 stimulation. These results indicate that the NF-IL6 that regulated IL-6 expression was also involved in regulation of expression of the acute phase protein genes. The ability of NF-IL6 to replace C/EBP may explain the positive and negative acute phase responses induced by IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Isshiki
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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42
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Hirano T, Taga T, Matsuda T, Hibi M, Suematsu S, Tang B, Murakami M, Kishimoto T. Interleukin 6 and its receptor in the immune response and hematopoiesis. Int J Cell Cloning 1990; 8 Suppl 1:155-66; discussion 166-7. [PMID: 2324554 DOI: 10.1002/stem.5530080714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays critical roles in the immune response and hematopoiesis. It is a potent B cell differentiation factor inducing antibody-forming plasma cells. It enhances interleukin 3-induced proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, IL-6 induces maturation of megakaryocytes. In IL-6 transgenic mice, a massive polyclonal plasmacytosis and an increase in the number of mature megakaryocytes in the bone marrow were observed. The data indicated that deregulated expression of the IL-6 gene induced a polyclonal plasmacytosis and could be involved in the oncogenesis of plasma cell neoplasias. IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) was molecularly cloned and found to be an immunoglobulin superfamily having an MW of 80 kDa. Upon the binding of IL-6 to its 80 kDa IL-6R, a second non-binding molecule, gp130 was shown to associate with IL-6R. The complex of IL-6 and soluble IL-6R lacking both transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains could bind gp130 and transduce the signal. The results indicate that the IL-6R system consists of two polypeptide chains: one is an 80 kDa ligand-binding molecule and the other is a possible signal transducer, gp130.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirano
- Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
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43
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Suematsu S, Hibi M, Sugita T, Saito M, Murakami M, Matsusaka T, Matsuda T, Hirano T, Taga T, Kishimoto T. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and its receptor (IL-6R) in myeloma/plasmacytoma. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1990; 166:13-22. [PMID: 2073791 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-75889-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Suematsu
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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44
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Suematsu S, Matsuda T, Aozasa K, Akira S, Nakano N, Ohno S, Miyazaki J, Yamamura K, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. IgG1 plasmacytosis in interleukin 6 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:7547-51. [PMID: 2798426 PMCID: PMC298102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.19.7547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of polyclonal and monoclonal plasma cell abnormalities. To address this possibility, transgenic mice carrying the human IL-6 genomic gene fused with a human immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer were generated. High concentrations of human IL-6 and polyclonal increase in IgG1 (120- to 400-fold) in sera of all transgenic mice were observed. A massive plasmacytosis in thymus, lymph node, and spleen and an infiltration of plasma cells in lung, liver, and kidney were observed. However, the plasma cells were not transplantable to syngeneic mice and were found not to contain chromosomal aberrations including c-myc gene rearrangements. The evidence indicates that deregulated gene expression of IL-6 can trigger polyclonal plasmacytosis but cannot induce plasmacytoma. It is suggested that additional genetic changes may be required for the generation of plasma cell neoplasia. Other interesting findings in these transgenic mice were the development of mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis and an increase in megakaryocytes in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suematsu
- Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
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45
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Hirano T, Taga T, Yamasaki K, Matsuda T, Tang B, Muraguchi A, Horii Y, Suematsu S, Hirata Y, Yawata H. A multifunctional cytokine (IL-6/BSF-2) and its receptor. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1989; 88:29-33. [PMID: 2651317 DOI: 10.1159/000234743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6)/B cell stimulatory factor 2 is a multifunctional cytokine produced by both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. IL-6 regulates immune response, acute phase reaction, and hematopoiesis. It was found that IL-6 production by T cells is dependent on macrophages, and IL-6 is one of essential factors for pokeweed mitogen induced immunoglobulin production. Both high- and low-affinity IL-6 receptors were identified. The molecular cloning of IL-6 receptors demonstrated that this receptor is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The deregulated production of IL-6 is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and in the development of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirano
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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46
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Kishimoto T, Taga T, Yamasaki K, Matsuda T, Tang B, Muraguchi A, Horii Y, Suematsu S, Hirata Y, Yawata H. Normal and abnormal regulation of human B cell differentiation by a new cytokine, BSF2/IL-6. Adv Exp Med Biol 1989; 254:135-43. [PMID: 2683604 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-5803-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kishimoto
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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47
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Horii Y, Muraguchi A, Suematsu S, Matsuda T, Yoshizaki K, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. Regulation of BSF-2/IL-6 production by human mononuclear cells. Macrophage-dependent synthesis of BSF-2/IL-6 by T cells. J Immunol 1988; 141:1529-35. [PMID: 3261753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of BSF-2/IL-6 production in peripheral mononuclear cells (MNC) was studied. BSF-2 mRNA expression in mitogen-stimulated MNC showed a biphasic response, the first peak around 4 h and the second peak around 48 h. This was caused by different kinetics of BSF-2 mRNA expression in distinct subpopulations of MNC; M phi expressed BSF-2 mRNA at 5 h in the absence of any stimulation, and mitogen-stimulated T cells and B cells expressed BSF-2 mRNA 48 h after stimulation. Immunohistochemical staining of the cells with anti-BSF-2 antibody demonstrated that macrophages, T cells and B cells could produce BSF-2. T cells in peripheral MNC produced BSF-2 in the presence of M phi. The requirement of macrophage for BSF-2 production in T cells could be replaced by TPA but not by IL-1 or BSF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Horii
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
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48
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Horii Y, Muraguchi A, Suematsu S, Matsuda T, Yoshizaki K, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. Regulation of BSF-2/IL-6 production by human mononuclear cells. Macrophage-dependent synthesis of BSF-2/IL-6 by T cells. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.141.5.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Regulation of BSF-2/IL-6 production in peripheral mononuclear cells (MNC) was studied. BSF-2 mRNA expression in mitogen-stimulated MNC showed a biphasic response, the first peak around 4 h and the second peak around 48 h. This was caused by different kinetics of BSF-2 mRNA expression in distinct subpopulations of MNC; M phi expressed BSF-2 mRNA at 5 h in the absence of any stimulation, and mitogen-stimulated T cells and B cells expressed BSF-2 mRNA 48 h after stimulation. Immunohistochemical staining of the cells with anti-BSF-2 antibody demonstrated that macrophages, T cells and B cells could produce BSF-2. T cells in peripheral MNC produced BSF-2 in the presence of M phi. The requirement of macrophage for BSF-2 production in T cells could be replaced by TPA but not by IL-1 or BSF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Horii
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - A Muraguchi
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - S Suematsu
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - T Matsuda
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - K Yoshizaki
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - T Hirano
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - T Kishimoto
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
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Hirano T, Taga T, Matsuda T, Horii Y, Tang B, Kawanishi Y, Suematsu S, Kishimoto T. [Cytokines and receptors--their functions, structures and cloning of code genes. Functional polymorphism of BSF-2/IL-6 and its abnormal expression]. Nihon Rinsho 1988; 46:1029-35. [PMID: 3261809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Egusa Y, Suematsu S, Kono E, Tsukinoki K. [Case of congenital ectodermal dysplasia (anhydrotic type) with mental retardation and epilepsy]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1973; 13:523-8. [PMID: 4796519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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