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Lau EPM, Faber S, Charlesworth C, Morey S, Vekaria S, Filion P, Chakera A, Lee YCG. Topical antibiotics prophylaxis for infections of indwelling pleural/peritoneal catheters (TAP-IPC): A pilot study. Respirology 2024; 29:176-182. [PMID: 37696757 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) and indwelling peritoneal catheter (IPeC) have established roles in the management of malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions but catheter-related infections remain a major concern. Topical mupirocin prophylaxis has been shown to reduce peritoneal dialysis catheter infections. This study aimed to assess the (i) compatibility of IPC with mupirocin and (ii) feasibility, tolerability and compliance of topical mupirocin prophylaxis in patients with an IPC or IPeC. METHODS (i) Three preparations of mupirocin were applied onto segments of IPC thrice weekly and examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) at different time intervals. (ii) Consecutive patients fitted with IPC or IPeC were given topical mupirocin prophylaxis to apply to the catheter exit-site following every drainage/dressing change (at least twice weekly) and followed up for 6 months. RESULTS (i) No detectable structural catheter damage was found with mupirocin applied for up to 6 months. (ii) Fifty indwelling catheters were inserted in 48 patients for malignant pleural (n = 41) and peritoneal (n = 9) effusions. Median follow-up was 121 [median, IQR 19-181] days. All patients tolerated mupirocin well; one patient reported short-term local tenderness. Compliance was excellent with 95.8% of the 989 scheduled doses delivered. Six patients developed catheter-related pleural (n = 3), concurrent peritoneal/local (n = 1) and skin/tract (n = 2) infections from Streptococcus mitis (with Bacillus species or anaerobes), Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSION This first study of long-term prevention of IPC- or IPeC-related infections found topical mupirocin prophylaxis feasible and well tolerated. Its efficacy warrants future randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estee P M Lau
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sam Faber
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chloe Charlesworth
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sue Morey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sona Vekaria
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pierre Filion
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aron Chakera
- Renal Unit, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Y C Gary Lee
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Faber S, McLean‐Tooke A, Kuok YJ, Lee YCG. Intrapleural therapy for pleural infection from bronchopleural fistula in an adult with hyper-IgE syndrome. Respirol Case Rep 2023; 11:e01156. [PMID: 37151367 PMCID: PMC10160851 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We presented the case of an adult patient with hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) who was admitted acutely with a large hydropneumothorax from lung consolidation, a bronchopleural fistula and pleural infection. He has had recurrent pulmonary and skin infections since childhood and longstanding pneumatoceles. He was treated with systemic antibiotics and chest tube drainage. Administration of two doses of low-dose intrapleural therapy (1 mg tissue plasminogen activator and 5 mg deoxyribonuclease) allowed complete evacuation of his residual loculated pleural fluid, aided resolution of his infection without provoking a significant air leak and avoided the need for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Faber
- Respiratory DepartmentSir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Andrew McLean‐Tooke
- Department of Clinical ImmunologySir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Yi Jin Kuok
- Department of RadiologySir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Y. C. Gary Lee
- Respiratory DepartmentSir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Pleural Medicine UnitInstitute for Respiratory HealthNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Wymant C, Bezemer D, Blanquart F, Ferretti L, Gall A, Hall M, Golubchik T, Bakker M, Ong SH, Zhao L, Bonsall D, de Cesare M, MacIntyre-Cockett G, Abeler-Dörner L, Albert J, Bannert N, Fellay J, Grabowski MK, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Günthard HF, Kivelä P, Kouyos RD, Laeyendecker O, Meyer L, Porter K, Ristola M, van Sighem A, Berkhout B, Kellam P, Cornelissen M, Reiss P, Fraser C, Aubert V, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Böni J, Braun DL, Bucher HC, Burton-Jeangros C, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Gorgievski M, Günthard H, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Kahlert C, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kouyos R, Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, de Tejada BM, Marzolini C, Metzner K, Müller N, Nadal D, Nicca D, Pantaleo G, Rauch A, Regenass S, Rudin C, Schöni-Affolter F, Schmid P, Speck R, Stöckle M, Tarr P, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Weber R, Yerly S, van der Valk M, Geerlings SE, Goorhuis A, Hovius JW, Lempkes B, Nellen FJB, van der Poll T, Prins JM, Reiss P, van Vugt M, Wiersinga WJ, Wit FWMN, van Duinen M, van Eden J, Hazenberg A, van Hes AMH, Rajamanoharan S, Robinson T, Taylor B, Brewer C, Mayr C, Schmidt W, Speidel A, Strohbach F, Arastéh K, Cordes C, Pijnappel FJJ, Stündel M, Claus J, Baumgarten A, Carganico A, Ingiliz P, Dupke S, Freiwald M, Rausch M, Moll A, Schleehauf D, Smalhout SY, Hintsche B, Klausen G, Jessen H, Jessen A, Köppe S, Kreckel P, Schranz D, Fischer K, Schulbin H, Speer M, Weijsenfeld AM, Glaunsinger T, Wicke T, Bieniek B, Hillenbrand H, Schlote F, Lauenroth-Mai E, Schuler C, Schürmann D, Wesselmann H, Brockmeyer N, Jurriaans S, Gehring P, Schmalöer D, Hower M, Spornraft-Ragaller P, Häussinger D, Reuter S, Esser S, Markus R, Kreft B, Berzow D, Back NKT, Christl A, Meyer A, Plettenberg A, Stoehr A, Graefe K, Lorenzen T, Adam A, Schewe K, Weitner L, Fenske S, Zaaijer HL, Hansen S, Stellbrink HJ, Wiemer D, Hertling S, Schmidt R, Arbter P, Claus B, Galle P, Jäger H, Jä Gel-Guedes E, Berkhout B, Postel N, Fröschl M, Spinner C, Bogner J, Salzberger B, Schölmerich J, Audebert F, Marquardt T, Schaffert A, Schnaitmann E, Cornelissen MTE, Trein A, Frietsch B, Müller M, Ulmer A, Detering-Hübner B, Kern P, Schubert F, Dehn G, Schreiber M, Güler C, Schinkel CJ, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Schmidt D, Meixenberger K, Bannert N, Wolthers KC, Peters EJG, van Agtmael MA, Autar RS, Bomers M, Sigaloff KCE, Heitmuller M, Laan LM, Ang CW, van Houdt R, Jonges M, Kuijpers TW, Pajkrt D, Scherpbier HJ, de Boer C, van der Plas A, van den Berge M, Stegeman A, Baas S, Hage de Looff L, Buiting A, Reuwer A, Veenemans J, Wintermans B, Pronk MJH, Ammerlaan HSM, van den Bersselaar DNJ, de Munnik ES, Deiman B, Jansz AR, Scharnhorst V, Tjhie J, Wegdam MCA, van Eeden A, Nellen J, Brokking W, Elsenburg LJM, Nobel H, van Kasteren MEE, Berrevoets MAH, Brouwer AE, Adams A, van Erve R, de Kruijf-van de Wiel BAFM, Keelan-Phaf S, van de Ven B, van der Ven B, Buiting AGM, Murck JL, de Vries-Sluijs TEMS, Bax HI, van Gorp ECM, de Jong-Peltenburg NC, de Mendonç A Melo M, van Nood E, Nouwen JL, Rijnders BJA, Rokx C, Schurink CAM, Slobbe L, Verbon A, Bassant N, van Beek JEA, Vriesde M, van Zonneveld LM, de Groot J, Boucher CAB, Koopmans MPG, van Kampen JJA, Fraaij PLA, van Rossum AMC, Vermont CL, van der Knaap LC, Visser E, Branger J, Douma RA, Cents-Bosma AS, Duijf-van de Ven CJHM, Schippers EF, van Nieuwkoop C, van Ijperen JM, Geilings J, van der Hut G, van Burgel ND, Leyten EMS, Gelinck LBS, Mollema F, Davids-Veldhuis S, Tearno C, Wildenbeest GS, Heikens E, Groeneveld PHP, Bouwhuis JW, Lammers AJJ, Kraan S, van Hulzen AGW, Kruiper MSM, van der Bliek GL, Bor PCJ, Debast SB, Wagenvoort GHJ, Kroon FP, de Boer MGJ, Jolink H, Lambregts MMC, Roukens AHE, Scheper H, Dorama W, van Holten N, Claas ECJ, Wessels E, den Hollander JG, El Moussaoui R, Pogany K, Brouwer CJ, Smit JV, Struik-Kalkman D, van Niekerk T, Pontesilli O, Lowe SH, Oude Lashof AML, Posthouwer D, van Wolfswinkel ME, Ackens RP, Burgers K, Schippers J, Weijenberg-Maes B, van Loo IHM, Havenith TRA, van Vonderen MGA, Kampschreur LM, Faber S, Steeman-Bouma R, Al Moujahid A, Kootstra GJ, Delsing CE, van der Burg-van de Plas M, Scheiberlich L, Kortmann W, van Twillert G, Renckens R, Ruiter-Pronk D, van Truijen-Oud FA, Cohen Stuart JWT, Jansen ER, Hoogewerf M, Rozemeijer W, van der Reijden WA, Sinnige JC, Brinkman K, van den Berk GEL, Blok WL, Lettinga KD, de Regt M, Schouten WEM, Stalenhoef JE, Veenstra J, Vrouenraets SME, Blaauw H, Geerders GF, Kleene MJ, Kok M, Knapen M, van der Meché IB, Mulder-Seeleman E, Toonen AJM, Wijnands S, Wttewaal E, Kwa D, van Crevel R, van Aerde K, Dofferhoff ASM, Henriet SSV, Ter Hofstede HJM, Hoogerwerf J, Keuter M, Richel O, Albers M, Grintjes-Huisman KJT, de Haan M, Marneef M, Strik-Albers R, Rahamat-Langendoen J, Stelma FF, Burger D, Gisolf EH, Hassing RJ, Claassen M, Ter Beest G, van Bentum PHM, Langebeek N, Tiemessen R, Swanink CMA, van Lelyveld SFL, Soetekouw R, van der Prijt LMM, van der Swaluw J, Bermon N, van der Reijden WA, Jansen R, Herpers BL, Veenendaal D, Verhagen DWM, Lauw FN, van Broekhuizen MC, van Wijk M, Bierman WFW, Bakker M, Kleinnijenhuis J, Kloeze E, Middel A, Postma DF, Schölvinck EH, Stienstra Y, Verhage AR, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Boonstra A, de Groot-de Jonge H, van der Meulen PA, de Weerd DA, Niesters HGM, van Leer-Buter CC, Knoester M, Hoepelman AIM, Arends JE, Barth RE, Bruns AHW, Ellerbroek PM, Mudrikova T, Oosterheert JJ, Schadd EM, van Welzen BJ, Aarsman K, Griffioen-van Santen BMG, de Kroon I, van Berkel M, van Rooijen CSAM, Schuurman R, Verduyn-Lunel F, Wensing AMJ, Bont LJ, Geelen SPM, Loeffen YGT, Wolfs TFW, Nauta N, Rooijakkers EOW, Holtsema H, Voigt R, van de Wetering D, Alberto A, van der Meer I, Rosingh A, Halaby T, Zaheri S, Boyd AC, Bezemer DO, van Sighem AI, Smit C, Hillebregt M, de Jong A, Woudstra T, Bergsma D, Meijering R, van de Sande L, Rutkens T, van der Vliet S, de Groot L, van den Akker M, Bakker Y, El Berkaoui A, Bezemer M, Brétin N, Djoechro E, Groters M, Kruijne E, Lelivelt KJ, Lodewijk C, Lucas E, Munjishvili L, Paling F, Peeck B, Ree C, Regtop R, Ruijs Y, Schoorl M, Schnörr P, Scheigrond A, Tuijn E, Veenenberg L, Visser KM, Witte EC, Ruijs Y, Van Frankenhuijsen M, Allegre T, Makhloufi D, Livrozet JM, Chiarello P, Godinot M, Brunel-Dalmas F, Gibert S, Trepo C, Peyramond D, Miailhes P, Koffi J, Thoirain V, Brochier C, Baudry T, Pailhes S, Lafeuillade A, Philip G, Hittinger G, Assi A, Lambry V, Rosenthal E, Naqvi A, Dunais B, Cua E, Pradier C, Durant J, Joulie A, Quinsat D, Tempesta S, Ravaux I, Martin IP, Faucher O, Cloarec N, Champagne H, Pichancourt G, Morlat P, Pistone T, Bonnet F, Mercie P, Faure I, Hessamfar M, Malvy D, Lacoste D, Pertusa MC, Vandenhende MA, Bernard N, Paccalin F, Martell C, Roger-Schmelz J, Receveur MC, Duffau P, Dondia D, Ribeiro E, Caltado S, Neau D, Dupont M, Dutronc H, Dauchy F, Cazanave C, Vareil MO, Wirth G, Le Puil S, Pellegrin JL, Raymond I, Viallard JF, Chaigne de Lalande S, Garipuy D, Delobel P, Obadia M, Cuzin L, Alvarez M, Biezunski N, Porte L, Massip P, Debard A, Balsarin F, Lagarrigue M, Prevoteau du Clary F, Aquilina C, Reynes J, Baillat V, Merle C, Lemoing V, Atoui N, Makinson A, Jacquet JM, Psomas C, Tramoni C, Aumaitre H, Saada M, Medus M, Malet M, Eden A, Neuville S, Ferreyra M, Sotto A, Barbuat C, Rouanet I, Leureillard D, Mauboussin JM, Lechiche C, Donsesco R, Cabie A, Abel S, Pierre-Francois S, Batala AS, Cerland C, Rangom C, Theresine N, Hoen B, Lamaury I, Fabre I, Schepers K, Curlier E, Ouissa R, Gaud C, Ricaud C, Rodet R, Wartel G, Sautron C, Beck-Wirth G, Michel C, Beck C, Halna JM, Kowalczyk J, Benomar M, Drobacheff-Thiebaut C, Chirouze C, Faucher JF, Parcelier F, Foltzer A, Haffner-Mauvais C, Hustache Mathieu M, Proust A, Piroth L, Chavanet P, Duong M, Buisson M, Waldner A, Mahy S, Gohier S, Croisier D, May T, Delestan M, Andre M, Zadeh MM, Martinot M, Rosolen B, Pachart A, Martha B, Jeunet N, Rey D, Cheneau C, Partisani M, Priester M, Bernard-Henry C, Batard ML, Fischer P, Berger JL, Kmiec I, Robineau O, Huleux T, Ajana F, Alcaraz I, Allienne C, Baclet V, Meybeck A, Valette M, Viget N, Aissi E, Biekre R, Cornavin P, Merrien D, Seghezzi JC, Machado M, Diab G, Raffi F, Bonnet B, Allavena C, Grossi O, Reliquet V, Billaud E, Brunet C, Bouchez S, Morineau-Le Houssine P, Sauser F, Boutoille D, Besnier M, Hue H, Hall N, Brosseau D, Souala F, Michelet C, Tattevin P, Arvieux C, Revest M, Leroy H, Chapplain JM, Dupont M, Fily F, Patra-Delo S, Lefeuvre C, Bernard L, Bastides F, Nau P, Verdon R, de la Blanchardiere A, Martin A, Feret P, Geffray L, Daniel C, Rohan J, Fialaire P, Chennebault JM, Rabier V, Abgueguen P, Rehaiem S, Luycx O, Niault M, Moreau P, Poinsignon Y, Goussef M, Mouton-Rioux V, Houlbert D, Alvarez-Huve S, Barbe F, Haret S, Perre P, Leantez-Nainville S, Esnault JL, Guimard T, Suaud I, Girard JJ, Simonet V, Debab Y, Schmit JL, Jacomet C, Weinberck P, Genet C, Pinet P, Ducroix S, Durox H, Denes É, Abraham B, Gourdon F, Antoniotti O, Molina JM, Ferret S, Lascoux-Combe C, Lafaurie M, Colin de Verdiere N, Ponscarme D, De Castro N, Aslan A, Rozenbaum W, Pintado C, Clavel F, Taulera O, Gatey C, Munier AL, Gazaigne S, Penot P, Conort G, Lerolle N, Leplatois A, Balausine S, Delgado J, Timsit J, Tabet M, Gerard L, Girard PM, Picard O, Tredup J, Bollens D, Valin N, Campa P, Bottero J, Lefebvre B, Tourneur M, Fonquernie L, Wemmert C, Lagneau JL, Yazdanpanah Y, Phung B, Pinto A, Vallois D, Cabras O, Louni F, Pialoux G, Lyavanc T, Berrebi V, Chas J, Lenagat S, Rami A, Diemer M, Parrinello M, Depond A, Salmon D, Guillevin L, Tahi T, Belarbi L, Loulergue P, Zak Dit Zbar O, Launay O, Silbermann B, Leport C, Alagna L, Pietri MP, Simon A, Bonmarchand M, Amirat N, Pichon F, Kirstetter M, Katlama C, Valantin MA, Tubiana R, Caby F, Schneider L, Ktorza N, Calin R, Merlet A, Ben Abdallah S, Weiss L, Buisson M, Batisse D, Karmochine M, Pavie J, Minozzi C, Jayle D, Castel P, Derouineau J, Kousignan P, Eliazevitch M, Pierre I, Collias L, Viard JP, Gilquin J, Sobel A, Slama L, Ghosn J, Hadacek B, Thu-Huyn N, Nait-Ighil L, Cros A, Maignan A, Duvivier C, Consigny PH, Lanternier F, Shoai-Tehrani M, Touam F, Jerbi S, Bodard L, Jung C, Goujard C, Quertainmont Y, Duracinsky M, Segeral O, Blanc A, Peretti D, Cheret A, Chantalat C, Dulucq MJ, Levy Y, Lelievre JD, Lascaux AS, Dumont C, Boue F, Chambrin V, Abgrall S, Kansau I, Raho-Moussa M, De Truchis P, Dinh A, Davido B, Marigot D, Berthe H, Devidas A, Chevojon P, Chabrol A, Agher N, Lemercier Y, Chaix F, Turpault I, Bouchaud O, Honore P, Rouveix E, Reimann E, Belan AG, Godin Collet C, Souak S, Mortier E, Bloch M, Simonpoli AM, Manceron V, Cahitte I, Hiraux E, Lafon E, Cordonnier F, Zeng AF, Zucman D, Majerholc C, Bornarel D, Uludag A, Gellen-Dautremer J, Lefort A, Bazin C, Daneluzzi V, Gerbe J, Jeantils V, Coupard M, Patey O, Bantsimba J, Delllion S, Paz PC, Cazenave B, Richier L, Garrait V, Delacroix I, Elharrar B, Vittecoq D, Bolliot C, Lepretre A, Genet P, Masse V, Perrone V, Boussard JL, Chardon P, Froguel E, Simon P, Tassi S, Avettand Fenoel V, Barin F, Bourgeois C, Cardon F, Chaix ML, Delfraissy JF, Essat A, Fischer H, Lecuroux C, Meyer L, Petrov-Sanchez V, Rouzioux C, Saez-Cirion A, Seng R, Kuldanek K, Mullaney S, Young C, Zucchetti A, Bevan MA, McKernan S, Wandolo E, Richardson C, Youssef E, Green P, Faulkner S, Faville R, Herman S, Care C, Blackman H, Bellenger K, Fairbrother K, Phillips A, Babiker A, Delpech V, Fidler S, Clarke M, Fox J, Gilson R, Goldberg D, Hawkins D, Johnson A, Johnson M, McLean K, Nastouli E, Post F, Kennedy N, Pritchard J, Andrady U, Rajda N, Donnelly C, McKernan S, Drake S, Gilleran G, White D, Ross J, Harding J, Faville R, Sweeney J, Flegg P, Toomer S, Wilding H, Woodward R, Dean G, Richardson C, Perry N, Gompels M, Jennings L, Bansaal D, Browing M, Connolly L, Stanley B, Estreich S, Magdy A, O'Mahony C, Fraser P, Jebakumar SPR, David L, Mette R, Summerfield H, Evans M, White C, Robertson R, Lean C, Morris S, Winter A, Faulkner S, Goorney B, Howard L, Fairley I, Stemp C, Short L, Gomez M, Young F, Roberts M, Green S, Sivakumar K, Minton J, Siminoni A, Calderwood J, Greenhough D, DeSouza C, Muthern L, Orkin C, Murphy S, Truvedi M, McLean K, Hawkins D, Higgs C, Moyes A, Antonucci S, McCormack S, Lynn W, Bevan M, Fox J, Teague A, Anderson J, Mguni S, Post F, Campbell L, Mazhude C, Russell H, Gilson R, Carrick G, Ainsworth J, Waters A, Byrne P, Johnson M, Fidler S, Kuldanek K, Mullaney S, Lawlor V, Melville R, Sukthankar A, Thorpe S, Murphy C, Wilkins E, Ahmad S, Green P, Tayal S, Ong E, Meaden J, Riddell L, Loay D, Peacock K, Blackman H, Harindra V, Saeed AM, Allen S, Natarajan U, Williams O, Lacey H, Care C, Bowman C, Herman S, Devendra SV, Wither J, Bridgwood A, Singh G, Bushby S, Kellock D, Young S, Rooney G, Snart B, Currie J, Fitzgerald M, Arumainayyagam J, Chandramani S. A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands. Science 2022; 375:540-545. [PMID: 35113714 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log10 increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Wymant
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - François Blanquart
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Astrid Gall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Hall
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanya Golubchik
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margreet Bakker
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Swee Hoe Ong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lele Zhao
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Bonsall
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariateresa de Cesare
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George MacIntyre-Cockett
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucie Abeler-Dörner
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Division for HIV and Other Retroviruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Kate Grabowski
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pia Kivelä
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger D Kouyos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM CESP U1018, Université Paris Saclay, APHP, Service de Santé Publique, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Kholoud Porter
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matti Ristola
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab Ltd., Cambridge, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marion Cornelissen
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Reiss
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christophe Fraser
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Boerekamps A, Newsum AM, Smit C, Arends JE, Richter C, Reiss P, Rijnders BJA, Brinkman K, van der Valk M, Godfried MH, Goorhuis A, Hovius JW, van der Meer JTM, Kuijpers TW, Nellen FJB, van der Poll DT, Prins JM, van Vugt HJM, Wiersinga WJ, Wit FWMN, van Duinen M, van Eden J, van Hes AMH, Mutschelknauss M, Nobel HE, Pijnappel FJJ, Weijsenfeld AM, Jurriaans S, Back NKT, Zaaijer HL, Berkhout B, Cornelissen MTE, Schinkel CJ, Wolthers KC, van den Berge M, Stegeman A, Baas S, de Looff LH, Wintermans B, Veenemans J, Pronk MJH, Ammerlaan HSM, de Munnik ES, Jansz AR, Tjhie J, Wegdam MCA, Deiman B, Scharnhorst V, van Eeden A, v d V M, Brokking W, Groot M, Elsenburg LJM, Damen M, Kwa IS, van Kasteren MEE, Brouwer AE, van Erve R, de Kruijf-van de Wiel BAFM, Keelan-Pfaf S, van der Ven B, de Kruijf-van de Wiel BAFM, van der Ven B, Buiting AGM, Kabel PJ, Versteeg D, van der Ende ME, Bax HI, van Gorp ECM, Nouwen JL, Schurink CAM, Verbon A, de Vries-Sluijs TEMS, de Jong-Peltenburg NC, Bassant N, van Beek JEA, Vriesde M, van Zonneveld LM, van den Berg-Cameron HJ, de Groot J, de Zeeuw-de Man M, Boucher CAB, Koopmans MPG, van Kampen JJA, Pas SD, Branger J, Rijkeboer-Mes A, Duijf-van de Ven CJHM, Schippers EF, van Nieuwkoop C, van IJperen JM, Geilings J, van der Hut G, van Burgel ND, Haag D, Leyten EMS, Gelinck LBS, van Hartingsveld AY, Meerkerk C, Wildenbeest GS, Heikens E, Groeneveld PHP, Bouwhuis JW, Lammers AJJ, Kraan S, van Hulzen AGW, van der Bliek GL, Bor PCJ, Bloembergen P, Wolfhagen MJHM, Ruijs GJHM, Kroon FP, de Boer MGJ, Scheper H, Jolink H, Vollaard AM, Dorama W, van Holten N, Claas ECJ, Wessels E, den Hollander JG, Pogany K, Roukens A, Kastelijns M, Smit JV, Smit E, Struik-Kalkman D, Tearno C, van Niekerk T, Pontesilli O, Lowe SH, Oude Lashof AML, Posthouwer D, Ackens RP, Burgers K, Schippers J, Weijenberg-Maes B, van Loo IHM, Havenith TRA, Mulder JW, Vrouenraets SME, Lauw FN, van Broekhuizen MC, Vlasblom DJ, Smits PHM, Weijer S, El Moussaoui R, Bosma AS, van Vonderen MGA, van Houte DPF, Kampschreur LM, Dijkstra K, Faber S, Weel J, Kootstra GJ, Delsing CE, van der Burg-van de Plas M, Heins H, Lucas E, Kortmann W, van Twillert G, Renckens R, Ruiter-Pronk D, van Truijen-Oud FA, Cohen Stuart JWT, IJzerman EP, Jansen R, Rozemeijer W, van der Reijden WA, van den Berk GEL, Blok WL, Frissen PHJ, Lettinga KD, Schouten WEM, Veenstra J, Brouwer CJ, Geerders GF, Hoeksema K, Kleene MJ, van der Meché IB, Spelbrink M, Toonen AJM, Wijnands S, Kwa D, Regez R, van Crevel R, Keuter M, van der Ven AJAM, ter Hofstede HJM, Dofferhoff ASM, Hoogerwerf J, Grintjes-Huisman KJT, de Haan M, Marneef M, Hairwassers A, Rahamat-Langendoen J, Stelma FF, Burger D, Gisolf EH, Hassing RJ, Claassen M, ter Beest G, van Bentum PHM, Langebeek N, Tiemessen R, Swanink CMA, van Lelyveld SFL, Soetekouw R, van der Prijt LMM, van der Swaluw J, Bermon N, van der Reijden WA, Jansen R, Herpers BL, Veenendaal D, Verhagen DWM, van Wijk M, Bierman WFW, Bakker M, Kleinnijenhuis J, Kloeze E, Stienstra Y, Wilting KR, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Boonstra A, van der Meulen PA, de Weerd DA, Niesters HGM, van Leer-Buter CC, Knoester M, Hoepelman AIM, Barth RE, Bruns AHW, Ellerbroek PM, Mudrikova T, Oosterheert JJ, Schadd EM, Wassenberg MWM, van Zoelen MAD, Aarsman K, van Elst-Laurijssen DHM, de Kroon I, van Rooijen CSAM, van Berkel M, van Rooijen CSAM, Schuurman R, Verduyn-Lunel F, Wensing AMJ, Peters EJG, van Agtmael MA, Bomers M, Heitmuller M, Laan LM, Ang CW, van Houdt R, Pettersson AM, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, Reiss P, Bezemer DO, van Sighem AI, Smit C, Wit FWMN, Boender TS, Zaheri S, Hillebregt M, de Jong A, Bergsma D, Grivell S, Jansen A, Raethke M, Meijering R, Rutkens T, de Groot L, van den Akker M, Bakker Y, Bezemer M, Claessen E, El Berkaoui A, Geerlinks J, Koops J, Kruijne E, Lodewijk C, van der Meer R, Munjishvili L, Paling F, Peeck B, Ree C, Regtop R, Ruijs Y, Schoorl M, Timmerman A, Tuijn E, Veenenberg L, van der Vliet S, Wisse A, de Witte EC, Woudstra T, Tuk B. High Treatment Uptake in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients After Unrestricted Access to Direct-Acting Antivirals in the Netherlands. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:1352-1359. [PMID: 29186365 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Netherlands has provided unrestricted access to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) since November 2015. We analyzed the nationwide hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment uptake among patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HCV. Methods Data were obtained from the ATHENA HIV observational cohort in which >98% of HIV-infected patients ever registered since 1998 are included. Patients were included if they ever had 1 positive HCV RNA result, did not have spontaneous clearance, and were known to still be in care. Treatment uptake and outcome were assessed. When patients were treated more than once, data were included from only the most recent treatment episode. Data were updated until February 2017. In addition, each treatment center was queried in April 2017 for a data update on DAA treatment and achieved sustained virological response. Results Of 23574 HIV-infected patients ever linked to care, 1471 HCV-coinfected patients (69% men who have sex with men, 15% persons who [formerly] injected drugs, and 15% with another HIV transmission route) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 87% (1284 of 1471) had ever initiated HCV treatment between 2000 and 2017, 76% (1124 of 1471) had their HCV infection cured; DAA treatment results were pending in 6% (92 of 1471). Among men who have sex with men, 83% (844 of 1022) had their HCV infection cured, and DAA treatment results were pending in 6% (66 of 1022). Overall, 187 patients had never initiated treatment, DAAs had failed in 14, and a pegylated interferon-alfa-based regimen had failed in 54. Conclusions Fifteen months after unrestricted DAA availability the majority of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in the Netherlands have their HCV infection cured (76%) or are awaiting DAA treatment results (6%). This rapid treatment scale-up may contribute to future HCV elimination among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Boerekamps
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam
| | - Astrid M Newsum
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, Public Health Service of Amsterdam.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center
| | | | - Joop E Arends
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Clemens Richter
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem
| | - Peter Reiss
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center.,Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam.,Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
| | - Bart J A Rijnders
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc van der Valk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center
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Naumova EA, Faber S, Lindner P, Wannemueller A, Sandulescu T, Joehren P, Arnold WH. Parallel study about the effects of psychotherapy on patients with dental phobia determined by anxiety scores and saliva secretion and composition. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:32. [PMID: 27485732 PMCID: PMC4970277 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the success of psychotherapeutic treatment for dental phobia by measurement of anxiety using the dental anxiety score (DAS), the state trait anxiety score (STAI state), salivary cortisol and protein concentrations and the salivary secretion rate. Primary endpoint of the study was the comparison of the data before and after psychotherapeutic treatment. Methods Forty patients were included into the study. Twenty-four were allocated to the phobic group, 16 to the control group. Saliva was collected upon entering the dental clinic and again after three weeks of psychotherapy. The results were compared with those of a control group. The DAS and STAI questionnaires were completed at each visit. Results A reduction in DAS values was found after psychotherapy. However, the values remained significantly higher in the phobic group than in the controls. Similar results were found for STAI scores. A slightly higher salivary cortisol level was found in the phobic group. No changes occurred in cortisol or protein concentrations. The salivary secretion rate increased in the phobic patients after psychotherapy. Conclusions It could be concluded that psychotherapy is effective in the treatment of dental phobic patients. Trial registration This study has been retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (# DRKS00009552) on 10/19/15. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0264-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Naumova
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - S Faber
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - P Lindner
- Dental Clinic Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - T Sandulescu
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - P Joehren
- Dental Clinic Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - W H Arnold
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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Weijsenfeld AM, Smit C, Cohen S, Wit FWNM, Mutschelknauss M, van der Knaap LC, van Zonneveld LM, Zomer BJ, Nauta N, Patist JC, Kuipers-Jansen MHJ, Smit EP, Blokhuis C, Pajkrt D, Weijsenfeld AM, Cohen S, Blokhuis C, van der Plas A, Scherpbier HJ, Mutschelknauss M, Nellen FJB, Prins JM, Pajkrt D, Smit C, Wit FWNM, Reiss P, van der Knaap L, Visser E, van Zonneveld LM, Vriesde ME, Bassant NY, van der Ende ME, van Rossum AMC, Driessen GJA, Fraaij PLA, Smit JV, Smit EP, Kastelijns MPW, den Hollander JG, Pogány K, Moons C, Kroon FP, Oude Geerdink E, van der Meche IB, Schouten WEM, Brinkman K, Ter Beest G, Gisolf EH, Richter C, Zomer BJ, Strik-Albers R, van der Flier M, Henriet SS, Koopmans PP, Patist JC, Nauta N, Geelen SPM, Wolfs TFW, Hoepelman IM, Mudrikova T, van der Meulen PA, de Jonge H, Scholvink EH, Bierman WFW, van den Berg JF, Bouwhuis JW, Faber S, van Vonderen M, Schippers JA, Lowe SH, Kuipers-Jansen MHJ, van Kasteren MEE, Brouwer AE, Pronk DC, Kortmann W. Virological and Social Outcomes of HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults in The Netherlands Before and After Transition to Adult Care. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:1105-1112. [PMID: 27439528 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and advanced supportive healthcare, a growing number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children survive into adulthood. The period of transition to adult care is often associated with impaired adherence to treatment and discontinuity of care. We aimed to evaluate virological and social outcomes of HIV-infected adolescents and young adults (AYAs) before and after transition, and explore which factors are associated with virological failure. METHODS We included 59 HIV-infected AYAs from the Netherlands who had entered into pediatric care and transitioned from pediatric to adult healthcare. We used HIV RNA load and cART data from the Dutch Stichting HIV Monitoring database (1996-2014), and collected social and treatment data from patients' medical records from all Dutch pediatric HIV treatment centers and 14 Dutch adult treatment centers involved. We evaluated risk factors for virological failure (VF) in a logistic regression model adjusted for repeated measurements. RESULTS HIV VF occurred frequently during the study period (14%-36%). During the transition period (from 18 to 19 years of age) there was a significant increase in VF compared with the reference group of children aged 12-13 years (odds ratio, 4.26 [95% confidence interval, 1.12-16.28]; P = .03). Characteristics significantly associated with VF were low educational attainment and lack of autonomy regarding medication adherence at transition. CONCLUSIONS HIV-infected AYAs are vulnerable to VF, especially during the transition period. Identification of HIV-infected adolescents at high risk for VF might help to improve treatment success in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annouschka M Weijsenfeld
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre AMC
| | | | - Sophie Cohen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre AMC
| | - Ferdinand W N M Wit
- HIV Monitoring Foundation.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center AMC, Amsterdam
| | | | - Linda C van der Knaap
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital
| | | | - Bert J Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen
| | - Nike Nauta
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital
| | - Joke C Patist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre UMC, Utrecht
| | | | - Esther P Smit
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Blokhuis
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre AMC
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre AMC
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Faber S, Riße S, Steinke H, Thome U, Stepan H. Monochorionic quadruplet pregnancy without severe complications: sonographic work-up and placental findings. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013; 41:707-708. [PMID: 23108787 DOI: 10.1002/uog.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Zeißler S, Stumm R, Stein B, Frech T, Rechner M, Linnenweber S, Menne J, Schmidt B, Krüger K, Walscheid R, Fogel D, Faber S, Hamar D, Mooren FC, Hillebrecht A. Veränderung von Ernährungs- und Lebensstilfaktoren bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 durch Teilnahme an einer gezielten Sportintervention. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Faber S, Markham J. Biotic and Abiotic Effects of Remnant and Restoration Soils on the Performance of Tallgrass Prairie Species. ECOL RESTOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3368/er.30.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fangmann J, Kathrin Al-Ali H, Sack U, Kamprad M, Tautenhahn HM, Faber S, Hauss J, Niederwieser D, Lindner T, Bachmann A. Kidney transplant from the same donor without maintenance immunosuppression after previous hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:156-62. [PMID: 21199355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In January 2005, an 18-year-old male patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) received a haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from his father. He developed hemolytic uremic syndrome and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis on day 357 after HSCT. On day 1020 after HSCT, a living kidney donation from the stem cell donor was carried out. The creatinine before kidney transplantation (KT) was ≈450 μmol/L, 268 μmol/L on day 2 after KT, 88 μM on day 38 and 89 μmol/L on day 960 (day 1980 after HSCT). Immunosuppression was gradually discontinued: cortisone on day 28, tacrolimus on day 32 and MMF on day 100 after KT (day 1120 after HSCT). As of June 2010, 66 months after HSCT and 32 months after KT, the patient has had neither rejection episodes nor clinical manifestations of transplantation-related complications. The patient reached 100% hematopoietic donor chimerism prekidney transplant and retained this state postkidney transplant. This unique case is the first report of a successful kidney transplant without immunosuppression after HSCT from the same haploidentical donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fangmann
- Department of Surgery, Karl Olga Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Fricke S, Fricke C, Schimmelpfennig C, Oelkrug C, Schönfelder U, Blatz R, Zilch C, Faber S, Hilger N, Ruhnke M, Rodloff AC. A real-time PCR assay for the differentiation of Candida species. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1150-8. [PMID: 20456528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We established a real-time PCR assay for the detection and strain identification of Candida species and demonstrated the ability to differentiate between Candida albicans the most common species, and also Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis by LightCycler PCR and melting curve analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS The DNA isolation from cultures and serum was established using the QIAmp Tissue Kit. The sensitivity of the assay was ≥ 2 genome equivalents/assay. It was possible to differentiate all investigated Candida species by melting curve analysis, and no cross-reaction to human DNA or Aspergillus species could be observed. CONCLUSIONS The established real-time PCR assay is a useful tool for the rapid identification of Candida species and a base technology for more complex PCR assays. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We carried out initial steps in validation of a PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of medically relevant Candida species. The PCR was improved by generating PCR standards, additional generation of melting curves for species identification and the possibility to investigate different specimens simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.
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Fangmann J, Wegmann C, Hoppe A, Martin P, Sack U, Harms J, Faber S, Emmrich F. Characterization of Dendritic Cell Subsets in Patients Undergoing Renal Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:3101-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lange F, Härtl S, Ungethuem U, Kuban RJ, Hammerschmidt S, Faber S, Morawietz L, Wirtz H, Emmrich F, Krenn V, Sack U. Anti-TNF Effects on Destructive Fibroblasts Depend on Mechanical Stress. Scand J Immunol 2006; 64:544-53. [PMID: 17032248 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) starts typically at sites of mechanically stressed inserts of the synovial membrane near the cartilage/bone border. In the therapy of RA, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists have rapidly emerged as a valuable class of anti-rheumatic agents that reduce joint destruction. The aim of this study was to investigate and profile genes involved in the interaction between articular movement and anti-TNF therapy in an in vitro model. Murine LS48 cells, an established substitute for invasive RA synovial fibroblasts, were cultured, stretched and/or treated with anti-TNF-alpha antibody for 24 h. RNA was isolated and gene transcript levels were determined using U74Av2 Affymetrix GeneChips to identify transcriptional events. Positive findings were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We identified 170 differentially regulated genes, including 44 of particular interest. Gene expression fell into different functional groups that can be explained by RA pathogenesis and experimental conditions. For 21 genes of the 44 of particular interest, regulation could be confirmed by real-time PCR. Remarkably, we found structural as well as functional genes differently regulated between stretched cells, anti-TNF-treated cells, and stretched cells treated with anti-TNF antibody. Additionally, we also found a large number of genes that are apparently not related to the experimental conditions. Mechanical exertion modulates gene expression and subsequently cellular response to anti-TNF therapy. Results in exerted cells correspond to current knowledge regarding RA pathogenesis and underline the relevance of our experimental approach. Finally, the central function of the interleukin-18 system in joint destruction could be confirmed by our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lange
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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14
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Faber S, Horn LC, Hentschel B, Höckel M, Leo C. Cox-2-Expression in DCIS und invasiven Mammakarzinomen korreliert zur Cox-2-Expression im normalen Brustdrüsengewebe. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Horn LC, Faber S, Einenkel J, Gilks CB, Richter CE, Stepan H, Purz S, Krumpe C, Leo C. Der Einsatz von Tissue Microarrays (TMA) - eine neue Technik in der gynäkologischen Tumorforschung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-830402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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16
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Horn LC, Faber S, Bilek K, Leo C. Expression of COX-2 and HER-2/neu and estrogen and progesterone receptor in primary squamous cell carcinomas of the endometrium. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2004; 131:226-8. [PMID: 15599594 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-004-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are rare but aggressive malignancies. To evaluate therapeutically relevant molecules, ESCC were investigated immunohistochemically. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight ESCC were stained with antibodies against estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER-2/neu, and COX-2 followed by semiquantitative evaluation of the staining results. RESULTS Seven out of eight ESCC were negative for estrogen receptor as well as for HER-2/neu. Four tumors showed positivity for progesterone receptor. All ESCC displayed COX-2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Primary ESCC are probably not under hormonal control of estrogens and lack HER-2/neu expression. Thus, anti-hormonal or antibody therapy with herceptine is not indicated. The use of COX-2 inhibitors might be a therapeutic alternative in ESCC that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-C Horn
- Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Faber S, Leo C, Briest S, Höckel M, Horn LC. The influence of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on angiogenesis and proliferation in breast cancer in comparison to fibroadenoma and normal breast tissue. Pathol Res Pract 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(04)80670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tests the hypothesis that functional adaptation occurs in human joints, and that substantial differences in joint 'loading history' explain the phenotypic variability observed in human cartilage morphology. METHOD We examined 18 triathletes (nine men and nine women) who had been physically active throughout life (training for >10 h per week for the last 3 years), and 18 volunteers that had never been physically active on a regular basis. The right knee joints were imaged with a previously validated fat-suppressed gradient-echo MR sequence. Cartilage volume, thickness, joint surface areas, and normalized cartilage signal intensity were determined with post-processing software, specifically designed for these applications. RESULTS The knee joint cartilage thickness, and signal intensity were not significantly different between athletes and inactive volunteers, but male athletes displayed significantly larger knee joint surfaces (P< 0.01; +8.8%). Female athletes displayed a significantly larger medial tibia (P< 0.05; +18.9%), the difference in the total knee surface area reaching borderline significance (P=0.08; +7.0%). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that joint size can be modulated during growth, but that (opposite to muscle and bone) the thickness of the cartilage does not adapt to mechanical stimulation. This finding may reveal a general principle in the development and functional adaptation of diarthrodial joints, elucidating an important mechanism for reducing mechanical stress in biphasic cartilage layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eckstein
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336 München, Germany.
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Donker G, Faber S. [Not Available]. Nieuwe Ned Bijdr Geschied Geneeskd Natuurwet 2001; 37:67-83. [PMID: 11639523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Glaser C, Faber S, Eckstein F, Fischer H, Springer V, Heudorfer L, Stammberger T, Englmeier KH, Reiser M. Optimization and validation of a rapid high-resolution T1-w 3D FLASH water excitation MRI sequence for the quantitative assessment of articular cartilage volume and thickness. Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 19:177-85. [PMID: 11358655 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(01)00292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In view of follow up, survey and development of therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis where cartilage deterioration plays an important role, a non invasive, reliable and quantitative assessment of the articular cartilage is desirable. The currently available high resolution T(1)-weighted (T1-w) 3D FLASH pulse sequences with frequency selective fat suppression are very time consuming. We have 1) optimized a high resolution T1-w 3D FLASH water excitation (WE) sequence for short acquisition time and cartilage visualization, and 2) validated this sequence for cartilage volume and thickness quantification. The spectral fat presaturation was replaced by selective water excitation. The flip angle of the WE sequence was optimized for the contrast to noise (C/N(cart)) ratio of cartilage. Sagittal datasets (voxel size: 0.31 x 0.31 x 2 mm(3)) of the knees of nine healthy volunteers were acquired both, with the 3D FLASH WE (17.2/6.6/30 degrees ) sequence (WE) and a previously validated 3D FLASH fat saturated (42/11/30 degrees ) sequence (FS). For validation of the WE sequence, cartilage volume, mean and maximal cartilage thickness of the two sequences were compared. Reproducibility was assessed by calculating the coefficient of variation (COV %) of 4 consecutive WE data sets in the volunteers. The acquisition time was reduced from 16'30" (FS) down to 7'14" for the WE sequence. Image contrast and visualization of the cartilage was very similar, but delineation of the basal layer of the cartilage was slightly improved with the WE sequence. A flip angle of 30 degrees provided the best C/N(cart) ratios (WE). Reproducibility (COV) was between 1.9 and 5.9%. Cartilage volume and thickness agreed within 4% between FS and WE sequence. The WE sequence allows for rapid, valid and reproducible quantification of articular cartilage volume and thickness, prerequisites for follow-up examinations. The reduced acquisition time (50% of FS) enables routine clinical application and thus may contribute to a broader assessment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Glaser
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Münich, Germany.
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Hohe J, Faber S, Stammberger T, Reiser M, Englmeier KH, Eckstein F. A technique for 3D in vivo quantification of proton density and magnetization transfer coefficients of knee joint cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2000; 8:426-33. [PMID: 11069727 DOI: 10.1053/joca.1999.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an MR-based method for the in vivo evaluation of the structural composition of articular cartilage. DESIGN Five sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols were acquired throughout the knee joint of 15 healthy volunteers and the boundaries of the cartilage segmented from a previously validated sequence with high contrast between cartilage and surrounding tissue. The other sequences were matched to these data, using a 3D least-squares fit algorithm to exclude motion artefacts. In this way secondary images were computed that included information about the proton density (interstitial water content) and the magnetization transfer coefficient (macromolecules, collagen). The average signal intensities of the 3D cartilage plates were extracted from these data sets and related to a phantom. RESULTS The signal intensity data showed a high interindividual variability for the proton density (patella 31%, lateral tibia 36%, medial tibia 29%); the patella displaying higher values than the tibia (P< 0.001). There were high correlations between the three plates. The magnetization transfer coefficient also showed high variability (patella 25%, lateral tibia 32%, medial tibia 30%) with the lowest values in the medial tibia (P< 0.01) and lower correlations between the plates. The slice-to-slice variation (medial to lateral) ranged from 9% to 24%. CONCLUSION An MR-based method has been developed for evaluating the proton density and magnetization transfer of articular cartilage in vivo and observing systematic differences between knee joint cartilage plates. The technique has the potential to supply information about the water content and collagen of articular cartilage, in particular at the early state of osteoarthritic degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hohe
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 München, Germany.
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Heudorfer L, Hohe J, Faber S, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, Eckstein F. [Precision MRI-based joint surface and cartilage density analysis of the knee joint using rapid water-excitation sequence and semi-automatic segmentation algorithm]. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2000; 45:304-10. [PMID: 11155531 DOI: 10.1515/bmte.2000.45.11.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the precision of three-dimensional joint surface and cartilage thickness measurements in the knee, using a fast, high-resolution water-excitation sequence and a semiautomated segmentation algorithm. The knee joint of 8 healthy volunteers, aged 22 to 29 years, were examined at a resolution of 1.5 mm x 0.31 mm x 0.31 mm, with four sagittal data sets being acquired after repositioning the joint. After semiautomated segmentation with a B-spline Snake algorithm and 3D reconstruction of the patellar, femoral and tibial cartilages, the joint surface areas (triangulation), cartilage volume, and mean and maximum thickness (Euclidean distance transformation) were analysed, independently of the orientation of the sections. The precision (CV%) for the surface areas was 2.1 to 6.6%. The mean cartilage thickness and cartilage volume showed coefficients of 1.9 to 3.5% (except for the femoral condyles), the value for the medial femoral condyle being 9.1%, and for the lateral condyle 6.5%. For maximum thickness, coefficients of between 2.6 and 5.9% were found. In the present study we investigate for the first time the precision of MRI-based joint surface area measurements in the knee, and of cartilage thickness analyses in the femur. Using a selective water-excitation sequence, the acquisition time can be reduced by more than 50%. The poorer precision in the femoral condyles can be attributed to partial volume effects that occur at the edges of the joint surfaces with a sagittal image protocol. Since MRI is non-invasive, it is highly suitable for examination of healthy subjects (generation of individual finite element models, analysis of functional adaptation to mechanical stimulation, measurement of cartilage deformation in vivo) and as a diagnostic tool for follow-up, indication for therapy, and objective evaluation of new therapeutic agents in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Heudorfer
- Forschungsgruppe Muskuloskelettales System, Anatomische Anstalt München
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Faber S, Lang HJ, Hock FJ, Schölkens BA, Mutschler E. Intracellular pH regulation in bovine aortic endothelial cells: evidence of both Na+/H+ exchange and Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange. Cell Physiol Biochem 2000; 8:202-11. [PMID: 9694347 DOI: 10.1159/000016283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) was studied in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells, an important cell system for cardiovascular research. Suspended cells were acidified by the NH4Cl prepulse technique as well as by exposure to CO2/HCO3-. Subsequent rates of pHi recovery were monitored using the fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). In HCO3(-)-free solutions, an EIPA-sensitive, Na+-dependent mechanism fully accounted for realkalinization, namely the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE). In the presence of HCO3-, an additional acid efflux mechanism was found. This one was dependent on Na+ and intracellular Cl-, EIPA-insensitive but DIDS-sensitive, and therefore represented a Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (NCBE). In summary, two acid-extruding mechanisms were identified in bovine aortic endothelial cells: NHE and NCBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Faber
- Hoechst Marion Roussel Deutschland GmbH, Bad Soden, Germany.
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Faber S. Original research: an investigation of life with end stage renal disease: sociocultural case studies analysis. CANNT J 2000; 10:24-34. [PMID: 11799581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to gain an integrated understanding of the lives of people with end stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis (HD)--one that included cultural, institutional and historical contexts. In this research a sociocultural analysis of four cases of everyday life with ESRD offered a situated understanding of life with this disease. This study revealed that life with ESRD is work. Moreover, while people living with ESRD do the bulk of that work, family also work to "live" with ESRD. Biomedically-based knowledge can be enriched by incorporating two relevant sources of knowledge: participants and participants' significant others. The addition of these sources of knowledge broadens health care practitioners' understanding of ESRD as it is "lived," and, so informed, practitioners can better provide the kinds of education and support that will enhance the lives of people with this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Faber
- Simon Fraser University, Faculty of Education, Burnaby, British Columbia
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Affiliation(s)
- S Faber
- Department of Pediatrics, Mercy Children's Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
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Hyhlik-Dürr A, Faber S, Burgkart R, Stammberger T, Maag KP, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, Eckstein F. Precision of tibial cartilage morphometry with a coronal water-excitation MR sequence. Eur Radiol 2000; 10:297-303. [PMID: 10663760 DOI: 10.1007/s003300050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the precision of tibial cartilage morphometry, by using a fast, coronal water-excitation sequence with high spatial resolution, to compare the reproducibility of 3D thickness vs volume estimates, and to test the technique in patients with severe osteoarthritis. The tibiae of 8 healthy volunteers and 3 patients selected for total knee arthroplasty were imaged repeatedly with a water-excitation sequence (image time 6 h 19 min, resolution 1.2 x 0.31 x 0.31 mm(3)), with the knee being repositioned between each replicate acquisition. After 3D reconstruction, the cartilage volume, the mean, and the maximal tibial cartilage thickness were determined by 3D Euclidean distance transformation. In the volunteers, the precision of the volume measurements was 2.3 % (CV%) in the medial and 2.6 % in the lateral tibia. The reproducibility of the mean cartilage thickness was similar (2.6 and 2.5 %, respectively), and that of the maximal thickness lower (6.5 and 4.4 %). The patients showed a considerable reduction in volume and thickness, the precision being comparable with that in the volunteers. We find that, using a new imaging protocol and computational algorithm, it is possible to determine tibial cartilage morphometry with high precision in healthy individuals as well as in patients with osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hyhlik-Dürr
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
To investigate the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction on oxygen-induced lung injury, we used a coculture model with lung fibroblasts (FB) embedded between 2 layers of collagen gel with and without human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (HTBE), and studied the effect of hyperoxia on the directed migration of FB towards epithelial cells and proliferation of fetal lung FB. The expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, -II, and -IIR mRNAs and proteins was studied in FB and HTBE cells cultured separately in 95% oxygen and 5% CO2 for 48 hours. There was a significant increase in directional migration of FB in coculture with epithelial cells when exposed to 95% oxygen and 5% CO2 (P = .04 compared to cocultures without oxygen exposure). Hyperoxia stimulated the proliferation of fibroblasts cocultured with HTBE cells (0.75 +/- 0.05 x 10(6) cells per well) as compared to control (0.47 +/- 0.03 x 10(6) cells per well; P = .01). This was inhibited by anti-IGF-I antibody (69 +/- 2% of hyperoxia alone; P = .002). Western blot showed a significant increase in IGF-I protein in epithelial cells (P = .02). IGF-I mRNA was increased in HTBE cells after hyperoxia (P = .003). In conclusion, HTBE cells modulate lung FB migration and proliferation in response to hyperoxia exposure. This is mediated in part by IGF-I produced by epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chetty
- Department of Pediatrics, New England Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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Herberhold C, Faber S, Stammberger T, Steinlechner M, Putz R, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, Eckstein F. In situ measurement of articular cartilage deformation in intact femoropatellar joints under static loading. J Biomech 1999; 32:1287-95. [PMID: 10569707 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The deformational behavior of articular cartilage has been investigated in confined and unconfined compression experiments and indentation tests, but to date there exist no reliable data on the in situ deformation of the cartilage during static loading. The objective of the current study was to perform a systematic study into cartilage compression of intact human femoro-patellar joints under short- and long-term static loading with MR imaging. A non-metallic pneumatic pressure device was used to apply loads of 150% body weight to six joints within the extremity coil of an MRI scanner. The cartilage was delineated during the compression experiment with previously validated 2D and 3D fat-suppressed gradient echo sequences. We observed a mean (maximal) in situ deformation of 44% (57%) in patellar cartilage after 32 h of loading (mean contact pressure 3.6 MPa), the femoral cartilage showing a smaller amount of deformation than the patella. However, only around 7% of the final deformation (3% absolute deformation) occurred during the first minute of loading. A 43% fluid loss from the interstitial patellar matrix was recorded, the initial fluid flux being 0.217 +/- 0.083 microm/s, and a high inter-individual variability of the deformational behavior (coefficients of variation 11-38%). In conjunction with finite-element analyses, these data may be used to compute the load partitioning between the solid matrix and fluid phase, and to elucidate the etiologic factors relevant in mechanically induced osteoarthritis. They can also provide direct estimates of the mechanical strain to be encountered by cartilage transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herberhold
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Eckstein F, Tieschky M, Faber S, Englmeier KH, Reiser M. Functional analysis of articular cartilage deformation, recovery, and fluid flow following dynamic exercise in vivo. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1999; 200:419-24. [PMID: 10460479 DOI: 10.1007/s004290050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The function of articular cartilage depends on the interaction between the tissue matrix and the interstitial fluid bound to the proteoglycan molecules. Mechanical loading has been shown to be involved in both the metabolic regulation of chondrocytes and in matrix degeneration. The purpose of the present study was therefore to analyze the deformation, recovery, and fluid flow in human articular cartilage after dynamic loading in vivo. The patellae of 7 volunteers were imaged at physical rest and after performing knee bends, with a specifically optimized fat-suppressed FLASH-3D magnetic resonance (MR) sequence. To measure cartilage deformation, the total volume of the patellar cartilage was determined, employing 3D digital image analysis. Patellar cartilage deformation ranged from 2.4 to 8.6% after 50 knee bends, and from 2.4% to 8.5% after 100 knee bends. Repeated sets of dynamic exercise at intervals of 15 min did not cause further deformation. After 100 knee bends, the cartilage required more than 90 min to recover from loading. The rate of fluid flow during relaxation ranged from 1.1 to 3.5 mm(3)/min (0.08 to 0.22 mm(3)/min per square centimeter of the articular surface) and was highly correlated with the individual degree of deformation after knee bends. The data provide the first quantification of articular cartilage recovery and of the rate of fluid flow between the cartilage matrix and surrounding tissue in intact joints in vivo. Measurement in the living opens the possibility of relating interindividual variations of mechanical cartilage properties to the susceptibility of developing joint failure, to assess the load-partitioning between the fluid phase and solid cartilage matrix during load transfer, and to determine the role of mechanically induced fluid flow in the regulation of the metabolic activity of chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eckstein
- Muskuloskeletal Research Group, Anatomische Anstalt der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 München, Germany,
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Mueller-Lisse UG, Thoma M, Faber S, Heuck AF, Muschter R, Schneede P, Weninger E, Hofstetter AG, Reiser MF. Coagulative interstitial laser-induced thermotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia: online imaging with a T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR sequence--experience in six patients. Radiology 1999; 210:373-9. [PMID: 10207417 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.210.2.r99fe49373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if hypointense lesions clearly outline on T2-weighted fast spin-echo (SE) magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained during coagulative interstitial laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) of a prostate with benign hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In six patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 12 LITT treatments were followed online with repetitive axial T2-weighted fast SE imaging (repetition time, 3,700 msec; echo time, 138 msec; acquisition time, 19 seconds). Development, time course, correlation with interstitial tissue temperature, and diameters of hypointense lesions around the laser diffusor tip were investigated. Lesion diameters on T2-weighted images acquired during LITT were compared with diameters of final lesions on T2-weighted images and unperfused lesions on enhanced T1-weighted SE images obtained at the end of therapy. RESULTS Hypointense lesions developed within 20-40 seconds of LITT. Average correlation coefficients between interstitial temperature development and signal intensity development were 0.92 during LITT and 0.90 after LITT. Regression slopes were significantly steeper during LITT (0.67% signal intensity change per degree Celsius) than after LITT (0.47% per degree Celsius; P = .038). Lesions remained visible after LITT for all procedures. Average maximum diameters of lesions were 1-3 mm larger during LITT than after LITT (P = .0006-.019). CONCLUSION Repetitive T2-weighted fast SE MR imaging during interstitial coagulative LITT of BPH demonstrates the development of permanent hypointense prostate lesions. However, posttherapeutic lesion diameters tend to be overestimated during LITT.
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Affiliation(s)
- U G Mueller-Lisse
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich Ludwig Maximilian, Germany
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Lukasz S, Mühlbauer R, Faber S, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, Eckstein F. [Sex-specific analysis of cartilage volume in the knee joint--a quantitative MRI-based study]. Ann Anat 1998; 180:487-93. [PMID: 9862027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine differences in the normal knee joint cartilage volume of males and females, the analysis of the percentage distribution of the cartilage tissue onto the various joint surfaces, and the determination of the relationship between the cartilage volume, the body weight, and the tibial head diameter. We examined the knee joints of nine healthy men and nine women with a low level of physical activity. The cartilage volume was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging, applying a fat-suppressed gradient-echo sequence with a resolution of 2 x 0.31 x 0.31 mm3 and 3D image reconstruction. In the men, the absolute volumes of the femur and tibia, but not those of the patella, were significantly higher than in the women. The differences between the sexes were considerably lower after normalisation to the body weight and the tibial head diameter and were no more statistically significant. The interindividual variability was reduced after normalisation to these two parameters, the body weight being more effective. We did not observe sex-specific differences in the percentage of the total cartilage volume taken up by the various joint surfaces. Our results suggest that, in young individuals without cartilage lesions, there exist sex-specific differences of the cartilage volume in the knee joint. However, these can be explained in terms of general differences in body constitution (body weight and bone size), without further significant influences of the sex. The knowledge of the normal, sex-specific cartilage volume is relevant when attempting to estimate the amount of tissue loss at the time at which symptoms occur in a patient with degenerative joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lukasz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München
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Stammberger T, Herberhold C, Faber S, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, Eckstein F. A method for quantifying time dependent changes in MR signal intensity of articular cartilage as a function of tissue deformation in intact joints. Med Eng Phys 1998; 20:741-9. [PMID: 10223643 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4533(98)00082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A method is proposed to determine accurately the signal intensity changes of the articular cartilage from sectional MR images and its related cartilage deformation under compression in an intact joint. Image processing methods are developed to delineate and register the cartilage boundaries in consecutive MR images in order to track corresponding tissue sectors during the loading experiment. Regions of interest can then be defined and traced during the compression, making a spatial and temporal analysis of signal intensity changes possible. In addition, the cartilage deformation is calculated in the respective tissue sectors and is related to the MR signal changes. Using a fat-suppressed FLASH 3D sequence, the preliminary results showed location-dependent slight changes of the signal intensity varying from individual to individual. The quantitative analysis of the signal intensity changes as a function of cartilage deformation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aims to characterize microstructural properties of the articular cartilage that may lead to a better understanding of degenerative joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stammberger
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik und Systemforschung, GSF Forschungszentrum Neuherberg, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
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Lukasz S, Mühlbauer R, Faber S, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, Eckstein F. Geschlechtsspezifische Analyse der Knorpelvolumina des Kniegelenks — eine quantitative MRT-basierte Studie. Ann Anat 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0940-9602(98)80051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schnier M, Priebsch J, Faber S, Haubner M, Glaser C, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, Eckstein F. [Relevance of susceptibility-induced geometrical distortion for validity of MRI-based cartilage volume and density measurements of the knee joint]. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 1998; 43:243-8. [PMID: 9785618 DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1998.43.9.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the relevance of susceptibility-induced geometrical distortion to the accuracy of MR-based cartilage volume and thickness measurement in the human knee joint. Nine cadaveric knee joints were imaged in the sagittal plane with MRI at a resolution of 2 x 0.31 x 0.31 mm3, using a fat-suppressed gradient echo sequence, with a normal gradient orientation and also with the frequency- and phase-encoding directions changed. CT arthrographic data sets were then obtained. On the basis of 3-D constructions, we determined the cartilage volume and, with a 3-D minimal distance algorithm, the thickness distribution, of the patella, femur and tibia. Irrespective of the gradient orientation, good agreement was observed between MRI and CT arthrography in terms of cartilage volumes and maximum cartilage thickness. With a normal gradient orientation the volume was overestimated by 2.5% in MRI, and 2.3% when the gradients were changed. The maximum cartilage thickness was underestimated by 0.24 intervals (interval = 0.5 mm) with a normal gradient orientation, and by 0.22 intervals when the gradient orientation was changed. In none of the joint surfaces was a relevant difference between the two methods observed. It can be shown that, using high-resolution, fat-suppressed gradient-echo sequences--susceptibility-induced geometrical distortion has no significant effect on the accuracy of MR-based cartilage volume and thickness measurements. MRI would therefore appear suitable for the design of patient-specific finite element models with the aim of analysing load transmission in diarthrodial joints and planning surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schnier
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München
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Tieschky M, Faber S, Haubner M, Eckstein F. Determination of in vivo cartilage thickness and volume changes following physical exercise with magnetic resonance imaging. J Biomech 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(98)80104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Herberhold C, Stammberger T, Faber S, Englmeier K, Reiser M, Eckstein F. A technique for determining load-dependant deformation and signal intensity changes of cartilage in intact joints. J Biomech 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(98)80322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Herberhold C, Stammberger T, Faber S, Putz R, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, Eckstein F. An MR-based technique for quantifying the deformation of articular cartilage during mechanical loading in an intact cadaver joint. Magn Reson Med 1998; 39:843-50. [PMID: 9581616 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910390522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an MR-based technique for quantifying the deformation of articular cartilage during mechanical loading in an intact cadaver joint at high spatial and temporal resolution. A nonmetallic pressure device was constructed for applying loads of >1000 N to a femoro-patellar articulation within an extremity coil of a clinical 1.5 T MRI scanner. Digital image processing methods were used to determine the location- and time-dependent cartilage deformation in consecutive 2D fat-suppressed FLASH images. Additionally, three-dimensional reconstruction of the cartilage was performed from 3D fat-suppressed FLASH image data. During the first 10 min of static compression, thickness changes between 10 and 30% were observed. Thickness changes greater than 50% and volume changes of 20% were recorded after 3 h. The technique permits analysis of the load and time-dependent mechanical behavior of articular cartilage in its natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herberhold
- Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Germany
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38
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Eckstein F, Westhoff J, Sittek H, Maag KP, Haubner M, Faber S, Englmeier KH, Reiser M. In vivo reproducibility of three-dimensional cartilage volume and thickness measurements with MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:593-7. [PMID: 9490936 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.170.3.9490936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggest that MR imaging is capable of providing accurate data on knee joint cartilage volume and thickness in vitro, but the reproducibility of these data in living subjects has not been analyzed rigorously. Our aim was therefore to determine the in vivo reproducibility of volume and thickness measurements from replicated data sets, applying three-dimensional (3D) postprocessing methods. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eight healthy volunteers were imaged six times at a resolution of 2 x 0.31 x 0.31 mm with a fat-suppressed fast low-angle shot 3D sequence, the knee being repositioned in between replicated examinations. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the articular cartilage surfaces were obtained from sagittal data sets, and the cartilage volumes were calculated. The thickness distribution was analyzed throughout the joint surfaces independent of the section orientation, using a previously validated 3D minimal-distance algorithm. RESULTS In the volunteers, the coefficient of variation for replicated volume measurements ranged from 1.3% (patella) to 3.4% (lateral tibia), and the standard deviation of the individual cartilage volumes ranged from +/- 16% (lateral tibia) to +/- 22% (femur). The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from .959 (lateral tibia) to .995 (patella). The interobserver evaluation was similar to the interscan reproducibility. The mean interscan deviation of the maximal cartilage thickness interval ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 cartilage thickness intervals (of 0.5 mm); only in rare cases did we record deviations greater than one thickness interval. CONCLUSION MR imaging can be used to determine cartilage volume and thickness in the knee joints of living subjects with high precision, provided that a fat-suppressed gradient-echo sequence with adequate resolution and 3D digital image processing are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eckstein
- Institut für Radiologische Diagnostik, Klinikum Grosshadern, München, Germany
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39
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Holzknecht N, Helmberger T, von Ritter C, Gauger J, Faber S, Reiser M. [MRI of the small intestine with rapid MRI sequences in Crohn disease after enteroclysis with oral iron particles]. Radiologe 1998; 38:29-36. [PMID: 9530776 DOI: 10.1007/s001170050320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of breathhold MRI following enteroclysis with addition of oral magnetic particles to study the extension, detection of stenoses and extraluminal manifestations in Crohn's disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS 18 patients with Crohn's disease and potential of surgical intervention were studied with enteroclysis with addition of oral magnetic particles. T1-/T2-weighted breathhold MRI w/o spectral fat suppression w/o i.v. Gd-DTPA was applied. RESULTS Typical findings were marked bowel wall thickening with strong contrast enhancement. 95.8% of affected small bowel segments and 94.7% of stenoses were correctly detected by MRI. All four fistulas were detected and important extraluminal findings were seen in 6/18 patients. Additionally, one ileoileal and two ileosigmoidal adhesions, two extraluminal abscesses and affection of the right ureter were delineated. CONCLUSION MRI in Crohn's disease offers the potential to avoid radiation exposure in this relatively young patient group. Important additional findings relevant to indication of surgery are seen in approximately one third of cases. The replacement of transduodenal intubation by oral contrast application remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Holzknecht
- Institut für Radiologische Diagnostik, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München
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Mueller-Lisse UG, Heuck AF, Thoma M, Muschter R, Schneede P, Weninger E, Faber S, Hofstetter A, Reiser MF. Predictability of the size of laser-induced lesions in T1-Weighted MR images obtained during interstitial laser-induced thermotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Magn Reson Imaging 1998; 8:31-9. [PMID: 9500258 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880080111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to predict diameters of lesions induced by laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from MRI signal/tissue temperature correlations during on-line monitoring with a temperature-sensitive fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence. Twenty LITT procedures with Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) and diode (830 nm) lasers were monitored on line with a T1-weighted FLASH sequence at 1.5 Tesla. Interstitial prostate temperature (T) was measured on line in 10 LITT procedures and laser energy deposition in 12. Slopes of linear regression curves for signal intensity (SI) over T were applied to determine SI at 60 degrees C to estimate diameters of intraprostatic LITT lesions. Diameters of unperfused LITT lesion cores in contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images served as gold standards. Linear regression curves with an average slope of -.54% SI/degrees C were obtained in 17 LITT procedures. Correlation coefficients were r = .92-.95 for SI/T and SI/energy deposition. Baseline variation of SI at body temperature was +/-3.9%, corresponding to +/-7 degrees C. Prediction of size (13 lesions) from on-line FLASH imaging was correct in 10 of 13, whereas 3 lesions were overestimated. Prediction of LITT lesion diameters from on-line MRI monitoring is possible with a temperature-sensitive FLASH sequence in the prostate. Accuracy may suffice to assign target regions of interest to tissue locations to be protected from coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U G Mueller-Lisse
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Klinikum Grobhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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Westhoff J, Eckstein F, Sittek H, Lösch A, Faber S, Kolem H, Englmeier KH, Reiser M. [Three-dimensional thickness and volume measurements of the knee joint cartilage by MR tomography: reproducibility in volunteers]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 1997; 167:585-90. [PMID: 9465953 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1015587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the reproducibility of three-dimensional volume and thickness measurements of the knee joint cartilage with MRI in volunteers. METHODS The knees of 7 healthy individuals (ages 23 to 58 yrs.) were sagittally imaged with a resolution of 2 x 0.31 x 0.31 mm3, using a fat-suppressed FLASH-3 D sequence. The knee was repositioned in between replicate acquisitions, 6 data sets being obtained in each case. After semiautomatic segmentation and three-dimensional reconstruction of the cartilage, the thickness was determined independent of the original section orientation. The coefficient of variation for repeated volume measurements and the deviations of the maximal cartilage thickness values were calculated subsequently. RESULTS The mean variation of the cartilage volumes of the replicate measurements was 1.4% (+/- 0.8%) in the patella, 1.7% (+/- 1.5%) in the femur, 3.0% (+/- 1.2%) in the medial tibial plateau and 3.5% (+/- 2.0%) in the lateral tibial plateau. The comparison of the distribution patterns of cartilage thickness yielded a high degree of agreement. Only in rare cases deviations of more than 0.5 mm were observed. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the presented method for determining the quantitative distribution of articular cartilage yields a high degree of precision. It offers new possibilities in screening risk groups, monitoring the course of degenerative joint disease and the investigation of functional adaptation of the cartilage to mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Westhoff
- Institut für Radiologische Diagnostik, Klinikum Grosshadern, München
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Tieschky M, Faber S, Haubner M, Kolem H, Schulte E, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, Eckstein F. Repeatability of patellar cartilage thickness patterns in the living, using a fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging sequence with short acquisition time and three-dimensional data processing. J Orthop Res 1997; 15:808-13. [PMID: 9497804 DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100150604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A fast, reproducible, and noninvasive method is required for quantifying cartilage thickness clinically and for studying the deformation of articular cartilage during and after mechanical loading in vivo. The objective of the current investigation was to test the repeatability of regional distribution patterns of patellar cartilage thickness in the living on the basis of a fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging sequence with a short acquisition time and three-dimensional digital data processing. The knees of eight healthy volunteers were transversally imaged with a fat-suppressed FLASH-3D (fast low angle shot) sequence (acquisition time: 4 minutes and 10 seconds). In each case, the joint was newly positioned before each of the six replicate measurements was taken. The patellar cartilage was reconstructed three-dimensionally, and the distribution of cartilage thickness was determined with a three-dimensional minimal-distance algorithm. Whereas the cartilage volume ranged from 3,198 to 7,149 mm3, the mean coefficient of variation for the 6-fold volume measurement was 1.35%. On average, 75.1% (+/- 4.1%) of all test pixels could be attributed to the same cartilage thickness interval (0.5 mm) by image analysis; 14.8% (+/- 2.4%) deviated by one interval; 6.6% (+/- 1.5%), by two intervals; and 3.5% (+/- 1.8%), by more than two intervals. We conclude that, on the basis of a magnetic resonance imaging sequence with an acquisition time of less than 5 minutes, the quantitative distribution of cartilage thickness can be determined with high precision in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tieschky
- Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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Weichert A, Faber S, Jansen HW, Scholz W, Lang HJ. Synthesis of the highly selective Na+/H+ exchange inhibitors cariporide mesilate and (3-methanesulfonyl-4-piperidino-benzoyl) guanidine methanesulfonate. Arzneimittelforschung 1997; 47:1204-7. [PMID: 9428974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of cariporide mesilate ((4-isopropyl-3-methanesulfonyl-benzoyl) guanidine methanesulfonate, HOE 642, CAS 159138-81-5), currently being clinically investigated as a protective drug in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion states, and of HOE 694 ((3-methanesulfonyl-4-piperidino-benzoyl)guanidine methanesulfonate, CAS 149725-40-6), widely used as a physiological and pharmacological research tool in studies comprising Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) inhibition, are described. Additionally, their selectivity on the different subtypes is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weichert
- Hoechst Marion Roussel TA Research, Cardiovascular Agents, Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Levin A, Lewis M, Mortiboy P, Faber S, Hare I, Porter EC, Mendelssohn DC. Multidisciplinary predialysis programs: quantification and limitations of their impact on patient outcomes in two Canadian settings. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 29:533-40. [PMID: 9100041 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(97)90334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A 1993 National Institutes of Health Consensus statement stressed the importance of early medical intervention in predialysis populations. Given the need for evidence-based practice, we report the outcomes of predialysis programs in two major Canadian cities. The purpose of this report was to determine whether the institution of a multidisciplinary predialysis program is of benefit to patients, and to analyze those factors that are important in actualizing those benefits. Data from two different studies is presented: (1) a prospective, nonrandomized cohort study comparing patients who were or were not exposed to an ongoing multidisciplinary predialysis team (St Paul's Hospital) and (2) a retrospective review of outcomes before and after the institution of a predialysis program (The Toronto Hospital). Although created independently in major academic centers in Canada, the programs both aimed to reduce urgent dialysis starts, improve preparedness for dialysis, and improve resource utilization. The Vancouver study was able to demonstrate significantly fewer urgent dialysis starts (13% v 35%; P < 0.05), more outpatient training (76% v 43%; P < 0.05), and less hospital days in the first month of dialysis (6.5 days v 13.5 days; P < 0.05). Cost savings of the program patients in 1993 are conservatively estimated to be $173,000 (Canadian dollars) or over $4,000 per patient. The Toronto study demonstrated success in predialysis access creation (86.3% of patients), but could not realize any benefit in terms of elective dialysis initiation due to well-documented hemodialysis resource constraints. We conclude that an approach to predialysis patients involving a multidisciplinary team can have a positive impact on quantitative outcomes, but essential elements for success include (1) early referral to a nephrology center, (2) adequate resources for dedicated predialysis program staff and infrastructure, and (3) available resources for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (dialysis stations). In times of economic constraints, objective data are necessary to justify resource-intensive proactive programs for patients with ESRD. Future studies should confirm and extend our observations so that optimum and cost-effective care for patients approaching ESRD is uniformly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Levin
- St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Faber S, O'Brien RM, Imai E, Granner DK, Chalkley R. Dynamic aspects of DNA/protein interactions in the transcriptional initiation complex and the hormone-responsive domains of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter in vivo. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:24976-85. [PMID: 8227059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription initiation of the gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is stimulated by glucocorticoids and glucagon, via cAMP, and dominantly inhibited by insulin in rat liver and H4IIE cells. Lysolecithin-permeabilized H4IIE cells recover completely and continue to multiply, yet are transiently penetrable by macromolecules. These cells, after various hormonal treatments, were utilized for in situ DNase I protection studies of the PEPCK promoter. Nearly all of the sites of protein interaction observed in vitro are protected in vivo as well as several additional sites. The DNase I protection pattern is the same in cells without or with any of the hormone treatments, suggesting that hormonal modulation of transcription does not involve addition or removal of factors from the hormone response elements of the promoter. We focused on the organization and stability of the transcription initiation complex as well as the dynamic nature of distal promoter factors in their interaction with DNA. The transcription initiation complex was detected, and it appears to be co-existent with a short region of naked single-stranded DNA over the TATA box on the template strand, as determined by potassium permanganate reactivity. This complex is quite stable, even under conditions of much reduced RNA synthesis, which suggests that the complex is not broken down and reformed with each round of initiation by RNA polymerase II. Other factors bind to the PEPCK promoter with half-lives ranging from a few minutes to more than 40 min. The cAMP response element apparently involves transcriptional modulation achieved through modification of a bound factor (presumably cAMP response element-binding protein), whereas the glucocorticoid/insulin-responsive region of the promoter functions through factors which are involved in a rapid exchange, suggesting quite different modes of transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Faber
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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Faber S, O'Brien RM, Imai E, Granner DK, Chalkley R. Dynamic aspects of DNA/protein interactions in the transcriptional initiation complex and the hormone-responsive domains of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter in vivo. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Cheyette TE, Ip T, Faber S, Matsui Y, Chalkley R. Characterization of the factors binding to a PEPCK gene upstream hypersensitive site with LCR activity. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20:3427-33. [PMID: 1385863 PMCID: PMC312499 DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.13.3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously described upstream hypersensitive site (HS) in the PEPCK gene at -4800 bp, termed HS A (1), has been characterized and determined to bind at least two factors. One of these is a member of the ubiquitous CREB/ATF family, and the second is a novel tissue specific protein, pep A. A construct carrying HS A and the PEPCK proximal promoter was tested in transgenic mice and its CAT activity compared to the proximal promoter alone. The HS A was shown to drive tissue-specific, position-independent transcription of the CAT reporter gene 2-3 fold more effectively than the proximal promoter alone, with a concommitant 4-5 fold higher expression of CAT. Protein binding activity has been localized to a 33 bp region. This region contains a CRE (2) which is shown to bind a member of the CREB/ATF family through competition assays with an oligo containing a CRE from the proximal promoter and by the appearance of a supershift when the factor/oligo complex was exposed to CREB polyclonal antibody. Through restriction enzyme digests and competition of protein binding with an oligonucleotide homologous to HS A with a mutated CRE we have characterized a putative binding site for a liver-specific factor. In vitro and 'in vivo' footprinting studies complement each other, as well as, mobility shift assay data in designating the binding site of the proteins. The CREB/ATF factor and Pep A bind independently of each other during short term incubations, however, both factors can be accomodated on the DNA substrate as a function of extended time of incubation. Preliminary biochemical analysis defines the subunit molecular mass of the CREB/ATF like proteins at 55, 42, and 35 kD, while the tissue specific material exists as a single homogeneous subunit polypeptide in SDS of molecular mass = 49 kD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Cheyette
- Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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Abstract
Colonic motor activity and plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK) both increase after oral intake of a meal. Thus, CCK had been thought to mediate the postprandial increase in colonic motor activity, which is termed gastrocolonic response. The present study used the substance loxiglumide, which acts as a specific antagonist at the CCK-A receptor, to evaluate this hypothesis. In the first set of experiments, eight healthy subjects were studied four times on separate days. A multilumen catheter was endoscopically placed with its tip lying in the descending colon. Motor activity was recorded by a low-compliance perfusion manometry system at six locations 60-45 cm from the anus. Basal activity was recorded for at least 2 hours to achieve steady-state conditions. The order of the following four experiments was randomized: (a) intravenous infusion of the CCK analogue cerulein at increasing doses (7.5, 15, 30, and 60 ng/kg.h, each given for 30 minutes); (b) intravenous cerulein plus 5 mg/kg.h loxiglumide; (c) a 1000-kcal solid/liquid meal consisting of regular German food; and (d) a meal plus 5 mg/kg.h loxiglumide. In the second set of experiments, eight patients with irritable bowel syndrome were studied twice on two separate days, and two experiments were performed n randomized order: (a) a 1000-kcal solid/liquid meal consisting of regular German food; or (b) a meal plus 5 mg/kg.h loxiglumide. The motor index was calculated as the area under contractions by a computerized system. The 1000-kcal meal markedly increased colonic motor activity. This gastrocolonic response was significantly greater in patients with irritable bowel syndrome than in healthy volunteers. Cerulein stimulated motor activity only at pharmacological doses (30-60 ng/kg.h), which resulted in plasma CCK levels markedly exceeding postprandial values. Loxiglumide abolished the effects of cerulein even at pharmacological doses. However, loxiglumide did not inhibit the gastrocolonic response to a regular meal either in healthy volunteers or in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Loxiglumide also failed to alter the interdigestive colonic motor activity. Therefore, effects mediated by the CCK-A receptor do not play a major physiological role in the regulation of the interdigestive and postprandial motility of the left colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Niederau
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Faber S, Ip T, Granner D, Chalkley R. The interplay of ubiquitous DNA-binding factors, availability of binding sites in the chromatin, and DNA methylation in the differential regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:4681-8. [PMID: 1716357 PMCID: PMC328709 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.17.4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified DNA elements in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene promoter which are bound 'in vivo' by proteins under conditions of basal level gene expression and have evaluated several hypothesis to account for the tissue specific expression of the gene. In vitro DNase I footprinting demonstrated that factors which bind to basal expression elements of the PEPCK promoter, the BSE/CRE and NFI/CCAAT sites, are also present in HTC and XC cells which do not express the PEPCK gene. 'In vivo' DNase I footprinting demonstrated that the BSE/CRE, NFI/CCAAT, and three additional sites are bound by protein in H4IIE cells which express the PEPCK gene but not in the HTC or XC cells. No evidence for a repressor protein or for phased nucleosome binding to the PEPCK promoter in HTC or XC cells could be detected. Genomic sequencing was used to determine if differential methylation of the PEPCK promoter could account for the lack of factor binding in HTC and XC nuclei. None of the 14 cytosine residues in CpG dinucleotides was methylated in H4IIE or rat liver DNA, all were methylated in rat sperm DNA, and 6 were methylated in HTC DNA; including the cytosine at position--90 within the BSE/CRE. Only one cytosine residue, at position--90, was methylated in XC DNA. Treatment of XC cells with 5-azacytidine resulted in loss of methylation at the--90 position yet this was insufficient to allow synthesis of a detectable amount of PEPCK mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Faber
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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Karnitz L, Faber S, Chalkley R. Specific nuclear proteins interact with the Rous sarcoma virus internal enhancer and share a common element with the enhancer located in the long terminal repeat of the virus. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:9841-59. [PMID: 2827114 PMCID: PMC306535 DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.23.9841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have documented that the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) internal enhancer functions in the nontransformed Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cell line. The sequences within this region were assayed for their ability to bind to specific factors present in BHK nuclear extracts using the gel retardation assay and DNAse I footprinting. At least two sequences within the internal enhancer which can specifically bind nuclear factors in vitro have been identified. These regions are located between nucleotides 813-850 and 856-877. These sites map within the overall region of the internal enhancer which has been shown to be essential for enhancer activity and within the specific region which can function as an orientation independent enhancer. Using the DNase I footprinting and binding data to design an oligonucleotide, we have demonstrated that an oligonucleotide extending from nucleotides 804-877 will substitute efficiently as an enhancer. We also demonstrate that the SV40 enhancer does not compete for the factors which bind to the RSV internal enhancer, whereas an oligonucleotide to the binding site for EFII in the LTR can compete for factor binding to the internal enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Karnitz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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