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Nakao A, Urakami T, Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Tran V, Takahashi T, Shimizu T, Sinko W, Gummadi V, Dhudashiya A, Babu R, Terada Y. MOD000001, a Novel Highly Selective and Orally Available KIT Inhibitor, Suppresses Passive Cutaneous Anaphylactic (PCA) Reaction and Food Allergy in Mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Urakami T, Takahashi T, Shimizu T, Sinko W, Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Tran V, Poddutoori R, Narayanan K, Marappan S, Nakao A, Terada Y. Identification of MOD000001, A Novel Highly Selective and Orally Available KIT Inhibitor Designed for Treatment of Mast Cell-Associated Disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Ushijima K, Okuno M, Ayabe T, Kikuchi N, Kawamura T, Urakami T, Yokota I, Amemiya S, Uchiyama T, Kikuchi T, Ogata T, Sugihara S, Fukami M. Low prevalence of maternal microchimerism in peripheral blood of Japanese children with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2020; 37:2131-2135. [PMID: 31872455 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To clarify the prevalence and degree of maternal microchimerism in Japanese children with type 1 diabetes, as well as its effect on phenotypic variation. METHODS We studied 153 Japanese children with type 1 diabetes, including 124 children positive for β-cell autoantibodies, and their 71 unaffected siblings. The number of circulating microchimeric cells per 105 host cells was estimated by the use of quantitative-polymerase chain reaction targeting non-transmitted maternal human leukocyte antigen alleles. The results were compared to previous data from white European people. Phenotypic comparison was performed between maternal microchimerism carriers and non-carriers with diabetes. RESULTS Maternal microchimerism was detected in 15% of children with autoantibody-positive type 1 diabetes, 28% of children with autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetes, and 16% of unaffected siblings. There were no differences in the prevalence or levels of maternal microchimerism among the three groups or between the children with type 1 diabetes and their unaffected siblings. Furthermore, maternal microchimerism carriers and non-carriers exhibited similar phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal microchimerism appears to be less common in Japanese children with type 1 diabetes than in white European people. Our data indicate that maternal microchimerism is unlikely to be a major trigger or a phenotypic determinant of type 1 diabetes in Japanese children and that the biological significance of maternal microchimerism in type 1 diabetes may differ among ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ushijima
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Okuno
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ayabe
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Kikuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T Kawamura
- Department of Paediatrics, Osaka City University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Urakami
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Yokota
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shikoku Medical Centre for Children and Adults, Kagawa, Japan
| | - S Amemiya
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Kikuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Ogata
- Department of Paediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - S Sugihara
- Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Centre East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Musha I, Mochizuki M, Kikuchi T, Akatsuka J, Ohtake A, Kobayashi K, Kikuchi N, Kawamura T, Yokota I, Urakami T, Sugihara S, Amemiya S. Estimation of glycaemic control in the past month using ratio of glycated albumin to HbA 1c. Diabet Med 2018; 35:855-861. [PMID: 29653463 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate comprehensively the use of the glycated albumin to HbA1c ratio for estimation of glycaemic control in the previous month. METHODS A total of 306 children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus underwent ≥10 simultaneous measurements of glycated albumin and HbA1c . Correlation and concordance rates were examined between HbA1c measurements taken 1 month apart (ΔHbA1c ) and glycated albumin/HbA1c ratio fluctuations were calculated as Z-scores from the cohort value at enrolment of this study cohort (method A) or the percent difference from the individual mean over time (method B). RESULTS Fluctuations in glycated albumin/HbA1c ratio (using both methods) were weakly but significantly correlated with ΔHbA1c , whereas concordance rates were significant for glycaemic deterioration but not for glycaemic improvement. Concordance rates were higher using method B than method A. CONCLUSIONS The glycated albumin/HbA1c ratio was able to estimate glycaemic deterioration in the previous month, while estimation of glycaemic improvement in the preceding month was limited. Because method B provided a better estimate of recent glycaemic control than method A, the individual mean of several measurements of the glycated albumin/HbA1c ratio over time may also identify individuals with high or low haemoglobin glycation phenotypes in a given population, such as Japanese children with Type 1 diabetes, thereby allowing more effective diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Musha
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Mochizuki
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - T Kikuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - J Akatsuka
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - A Ohtake
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - N Kikuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Kawamura
- Department of Paediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - I Yokota
- Division of Paediatrics Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shikoku Medical Centre for Children and Adults, Kagawa, Japan
| | - T Urakami
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Sugihara
- Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Centre East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Amemiya
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Okuno M, Ayabe T, Yokota I, Musha I, Shiga K, Kikuchi T, Kikuchi N, Ohtake A, Nakamura A, Nakabayashi K, Okamura K, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Suzuki J, Urakami T, Kawamura T, Amemiya S, Ogata T, Sugihara S, Fukami M. Protein-altering variants of PTPN2 in childhood-onset Type 1A diabetes. Diabet Med 2018; 35:376-380. [PMID: 29247561 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the contribution of PTPN2 coding variants to the risk of childhood-onset Type 1A diabetes. METHODS PTPN2 mutation analysis was carried out for 169 unrelated Japanese people with childhood-onset Type 1A diabetes. We searched for coding variants that were absent or extremely rare in the general population and were scored as damaging by multiple in silico programs. We performed mRNA analysis and three-dimensional structural prediction of the detected variants, when possible. We also examined possible physical links between these variants and previously reported risk SNPs as well as clinical information from variant-positive children. RESULTS One frameshift variant (p.Q286Yfs*24) and two probably damaging missense substitutions (p.C232W and p.R350Q) were identified in one child each. Of these, p.Q286Yfs*24 and p.C232W were hitherto unreported, while p.R350Q accounted for 2/121,122 alleles of the exome datasets. The p.Q286Yfs*24 variant did not encode stable mRNA, and p.C232W appeared to affect the structure of the tyrosine-protein phosphatase domain. The three variants were physically unrelated to known risk SNPs. The variant-positive children manifested Type 1A diabetes without additional clinical features and invariably carried risk human leukocyte antigen alleles. CONCLUSIONS The results provide the first indication that PTPN2 variants contribute to the risk of Type 1A diabetes, independently of known risk SNPs. PTPN2 coding variants possibly induce non-specific Type 1A diabetes phenotypes in individuals with human leukocyte antigen-mediated disease susceptibility. Our findings warrant further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okuno
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - T Ayabe
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo
| | - I Yokota
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shikoku Medical Centre for Children and Adults, Kagawa
| | - I Musha
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama
| | - K Shiga
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Medical Centre, Yokohama City University Medical Centre, Yokohama
| | - T Kikuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama
| | - N Kikuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama
| | - A Ohtake
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama
| | - A Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo
| | - K Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo
| | - K Okamura
- Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo
| | - Y Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Riken Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa
| | - M Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Riken Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa
| | - J Suzuki
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - T Urakami
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - T Kawamura
- Department of Paediatrics, Osaka City University School of Medicine, Osaka
| | - S Amemiya
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama
| | - T Ogata
- Department of Paediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu
| | - S Sugihara
- Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Centre East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo
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Ihara K, Fukano C, Ayabe T, Fukami M, Ogata T, Kawamura T, Urakami T, Kikuchi N, Yokota I, Takemoto K, Mukai T, Nishii A, Kikuchi T, Mori T, Shimura N, Sasaki G, Kizu R, Takubo N, Soneda S, Fujisawa T, Takaya R, Kizaki Z, Kanzaki S, Hanaki K, Matsuura N, Kasahara Y, Kosaka K, Takahashi T, Minamitani K, Matsuo S, Mochizuki H, Kobayashi K, Koike A, Horikawa R, Teno S, Tsubouchi K, Mochizuki T, Igarashi Y, Amemiya S, Sugihara S. FUT2 non-secretor status is associated with Type 1 diabetes susceptibility in Japanese children. Diabet Med 2017; 34:586-589. [PMID: 27859559 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the contribution of the FUT2 gene and ABO blood type to the development of Type 1 diabetes in Japanese children. METHODS We analysed FUT2 variants and ABO genotypes in a total of 531 Japanese children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes and 448 control subjects. The possible association of FUT2 variants and ABO genotypes with the onset of Type 1 diabetes was statistically examined. RESULTS The se2 genotype (c.385A>T) of the FUT2 gene was found to confer susceptibility to Type 1A diabetes in a recessive effects model [odds ratio for se2/se2, 1.68 (95% CI 1.20-2.35); corrected P value = 0.0075]. CONCLUSIONS The FUT2 gene contributed to the development of Type 1 diabetes in the present cohort of Japanese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ihara
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - C Fukano
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Ayabe
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - T Kawamura
- Department of Paediatrics, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Urakami
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Kikuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - I Yokota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Zentsuji, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Takemoto
- Department of Paediatrics, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics, Sumitomo Besshi Hospital, Niihama, Japan
| | - T Mukai
- Department of Paediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics, Asahikawa-Kosei General Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - A Nishii
- Department of Paediatrics, JR Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Kikuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Mori
- Department of Paediatrics, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics, Shinshu Ueda Medical Centre, Ueda, Japan
| | - N Shimura
- Department of Paediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuga, Japan
| | - G Sasaki
- Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - R Kizu
- Department of Paediatrics, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - N Takubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Soneda
- Department of Paediatrics, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - T Fujisawa
- Department of Paediatrics, National Mie Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - R Takaya
- Department of Paediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Z Kizaki
- Department of Paediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Kanzaki
- Department of Paediatrics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - K Hanaki
- Department of Paediatrics, Tottori Prefectural Kousei Hospital, Kurayoshi, Japan
| | - N Matsuura
- Department of Paediatrics, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Seitoku University Junior College, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Y Kasahara
- Department of Paediatrics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Kosaka
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - K Minamitani
- Department of Paediatrics, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - S Matsuo
- Matsuo Kodomo Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Mochizuki
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Saitama Children's Medical Centre, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo, Japan
| | - A Koike
- Miyanosawa Koike Child Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - R Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Medical Centre for Children and Mothers, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Teno
- Teno Clinic, Izumo, Japan
| | - K Tsubouchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Chuno Kosei Hospital, Seki, Japan
| | - T Mochizuki
- Department of Paediatrics, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Igarashi
- Igarashi Children's Clinic, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Amemiya
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - S Sugihara
- Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Centre East, Tokyo, Japan
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Ayabe T, Fukami M, Ogata T, Kawamura T, Urakami T, Kikuchi N, Yokota I, Ihara K, Takemoto K, Mukai T, Nishii A, Kikuchi T, Mori T, Shimura N, Sasaki G, Kizu R, Takubo N, Soneda S, Fujisawa T, Takaya R, Kizaki Z, Kanzaki S, Hanaki K, Matsuura N, Kasahara Y, Kosaka K, Takahashi T, Minamitani K, Matsuo S, Mochizuki H, Kobayashi K, Koike A, Horikawa R, Teno S, Tsubouchi K, Mochizuki T, Igarashi Y, Amemiya S, Sugihara S. Variants associated with autoimmune Type 1 diabetes in Japanese children: implications for age-specific effects of cis-regulatory haplotypes at 17q12-q21. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1717-1722. [PMID: 27352912 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of previously reported susceptibility variants in the development of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes in non-white children. Tested variants included rs2290400, which has been linked to Type 1 diabetes only in one study on white people. Haplotypes at 17q12-q21 encompassing rs2290400 are known to determine the susceptibility of early-onset asthma by affecting the expression of flanking genes. METHODS We genotyped 63 variants in 428 Japanese people with childhood-onset autoimmune Type 1 diabetes and 457 individuals without diabetes. Possible association between variants and age at diabetes onset was examined using age-specific quantitative trait locus analysis and ordered-subset regression analysis. RESULTS Ten variants, including rs2290400 in GSDMB, were more frequent among the people with Type 1 diabetes than those without diabetes. Of these, rs689 in INS and rs231775 in CTLA4 yielded particularly high odds ratios of 5.58 (corrected P value 0.001; 95% CI 2.15-14.47) and 1.64 (corrected P value 5.3 × 10-5 ; 95% CI 1.34-2.01), respectively. Age-specific effects on diabetes susceptibility were suggested for rs2290400; heterozygosity of the risk alleles was associated with relatively early onset of diabetes, and the allele was linked to the phenotype exclusively in the subgroup of age at onset ≤ 5.0 years. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that rs2290400 in GSDMB and polymorphisms in INS and CTLA4 are associated with the risk of Type 1 diabetes in Japanese children. Importantly, cis-regulatory haplotypes at 17q12-q21 encompassing rs2290400 probably determine the risk of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes predominantly in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ayabe
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - T Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Urakami
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - I Yokota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Zentsuji, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Japan
| | - K Takemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sumitomo Besshi Hospital, Niihama, Japan
| | - T Mukai
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa-Kosei General Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - A Nishii
- Department of Pediatrics, JR Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, Ueda, Japan
| | - N Shimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuga, Japan
| | - G Sasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - R Kizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - N Takubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Soneda
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - T Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, National Mie Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - R Takaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Z Kizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Kanzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - K Hanaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tottori Prefectural Kousei Hospital, Kurayoshi, Japan
| | - N Matsuura
- Department of Pediatrics, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Seitoku University Junior College, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Y Kasahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Kosaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - K Minamitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - S Matsuo
- Matsuo Kodomo Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Mochizuki
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo, Japan
| | - A Koike
- Miyanosawa Koike Child Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - R Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Medical Center for Children and Mothers, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Teno
- Teno Clinic, Izumo, Japan
| | - K Tsubouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chuno Kosei Hospital, Seki, Japan
| | - T Mochizuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Igarashi
- Igarashi Children's Clinic, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Amemiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - S Sugihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
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Tan G, Shimada K, Nozawa Y, Kaneko S, Urakami T, Koyama K, Komura M, Matsuda A, Yoshimoto M. Atomic step-and-terrace surface of polyimide sheet for advanced polymer substrate engineering. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:295603. [PMID: 27284690 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/29/295603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Typical thermostable and flexible polyimide polymers exhibit many excellent properties such as strong mechanical and chemical resistance. However, in contrast to single-crystal substrates like silicon or sapphire, polymers mostly display disordered and rough surfaces, which may result in instability and degradation of the interfaces between thin films and polymer substrates. As a step toward the development of next-generation polymer substrates, we here report single-atom-layer imprinting onto the polyimide sheets, resulting in an ultrasmooth 0.3 nm high atomic step-and-terrace surface on the polyimides. The ultrasmooth polymer substrates are expected to be applied to the fabrication of nanostructures such as superlattices, nanowires, or quantum dots in nanoscale-controlled electronic devices. We fabricate smooth and atomically stepped indium tin oxide transparent conducting oxide thin films on the imprinted polyimide sheets for future use in organic-based optoelectronic devices processed with nanoscale precision. Furthermore, toward 2D polymer substrate nanoengineering, we demonstrate nanoscale letter writing on the atomic step-and-terrace polyimide surface via atomic force microscopy probe scratching.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tan
- Department of Innovative & Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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Shimizu K, Miyauchi H, Urakami T, Yamamura-Ichikawa K, Yonezawa S, Asai T, Oku N. Specific delivery of an immunosuppressive drug to splenic B cells by antigen-modified liposomes and its antiallergic effect. J Drug Target 2016; 24:890-895. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2016.1172588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Shimizu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Haruna Miyauchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Urakami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kanae Yamamura-Ichikawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sei Yonezawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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Yorifuji T, Matsubara K, Sakakibara A, Hashimoto Y, Kawakita R, Hosokawa Y, Fujimaru R, Murakami A, Tamagawa N, Hatake K, Nagasaka H, Suzuki J, Urakami T, Izawa M, Kagami M. Abnormalities in chromosome 6q24 as a cause of early-onset, non-obese, non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus without history of neonatal diabetes. Diabet Med 2015; 32:963-7. [PMID: 25809823 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Abnormalities in the imprinted locus on chromosome 6q24 are the most common causes of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes). 6q24-Related transient neonatal diabetes is characterized by the patient being small-for-gestational age, diabetes mellitus at birth, spontaneous remission within the first few months and frequent recurrence of diabetes after childhood. However, it is not clear whether individuals with 6q24 abnormalities invariably develop transient neonatal diabetes. This study explored the possibility that 6q24 abnormalities might cause early-onset, non-autoimmune diabetes without transient neonatal diabetes. METHODS The 6q24 imprinted locus was screened for abnormalities in 113 Japanese patients with early-onset, non-obese, non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus who tested negative for mutations in the common maturation-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes and without a history of transient neonatal diabetes. Positive patients were further analysed by combined loss of heterozygosity / comparative genomic hybridization analysis and by microsatellite analysis. Detailed clinical data were collected through the medical records of the treating hospitals. RESULTS Three patients with paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 6q24 were identified. None presented with hyperglycaemia in the neonatal period. Characteristically, these patients were born small-for-gestational age, representing 27.2% of the 11 patients whose birth weight standard deviation score (SDS) for gestational age was below -2.0. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in the imprinted locus on chromosome 6q24 do not necessarily cause transient neonatal diabetes. Non-penetrant 6q24-related diabetes could be an underestimated cause of early-onset, non-autoimmune diabetes in patients who are not obese and born small-for-gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yorifuji
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Sakakibara
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Kawakita
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Hosokawa
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Fujimaru
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Murakami
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Tamagawa
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Hatake
- Clinical Research Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Nagasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Takarazuka City Hospital, Japan
| | - J Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - T Urakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - M Izawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Japan
| | - M Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Kawakita R, Hosokawa Y, Fujimaru R, Tamagawa N, Urakami T, Takasawa K, Moriya K, Mizuno H, Maruo Y, Takuwa M, Nagasaka H, Nishi Y, Yamamoto Y, Aizu K, Yorifuji T. Molecular and clinical characterization of glucokinase maturity-onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY) in Japanese patients. Diabet Med 2014; 31:1357-62. [PMID: 24804978 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the molecular and clinical characteristics of the largest series of Japanese patients with glucokinase maturity-onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY), and to find any features specific to Asian people. METHODS We enrolled 78 Japanese patients with GCK-MODY from 41 families (55 probands diagnosed at the age of 0-14 years and their 23 adult family members). Mutations were identified by direct sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of all exons of the GCK gene. Detailed clinical and laboratory data were collected on the probands using questionnaires, which were sent to the treating physicians. Data on current clinical status and HbA1c levels were also collected from adult patients. RESULTS A total of 35 different mutations were identified, of which seven were novel. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels of the probands were ≤9.3 mmol/l and ≤56 mmol/mol (7.3%), respectively, and there was considerable variation in their BMI percentiles (0.4-96.2). In total, 25% of the probands had elevated homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance values, and 58.3% of these had evidence of concomitant Type 2 diabetes in their family. The HbA1c levels for adults were slightly higher, up to 61 mmol/mol (7.8%). The incidence of microvascular complications was low. Out of these 78 people with GCK-MODY and 40 additional family members with hyperglycaemia whose genetic status was unknown, only one had diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS The molecular and clinical features of GCK-MODY in Japanese people are similar to those of other ethnic populations; however, making a diagnosis of GCK-MODY was more challenging in patients with signs of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kawakita
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Yanez CO, Morales AR, Yue X, Urakami T, Komatsu M, Järvinen TAH, Belfield KD. Correction: Deep Vascular Imaging in Wounds by Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy. PLoS One 2014; 9. [PMID: 29220845 PMCID: PMC5730225 DOI: 10.1371/annotation/59bcbe81-eddd-46a4-90dc-88c1ea70df72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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13
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Toba M, Alzoubi A, O'Neill K, Abe K, Urakami T, Komatsu M, Alvarez D, Järvinen TAH, Mann D, Ruoslahti E, McMurtry IF, Oka M. A novel vascular homing peptide strategy to selectively enhance pulmonary drug efficacy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Pathol 2014; 184:369-75. [PMID: 24401613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A major limitation in the pharmacological treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is the lack of pulmonary vascular selectivity. Recent studies have identified a tissue-penetrating homing peptide, CARSKNKDC (CAR), which specifically homes to hypertensive pulmonary arteries but not to normal pulmonary vessels or other tissues. Some tissue-penetrating vascular homing peptides have a unique ability to facilitate transport of co-administered drugs into the targeted cells/tissues without requiring physical conjugation of the drug to the peptide (bystander effect). We tested the hypothesis that co-administered CAR would selectively enhance the pulmonary vascular effects of i.v. vasodilators in Sugen5416/hypoxia/normoxia-exposed PAH rats. Systemically administered CAR was predominantly detected in cells of remodeled pulmonary arteries. Intravenously co-administered CAR enhanced pulmonary, but not systemic, effects of the vasodilators, fasudil and imatinib, in PAH rats. CAR increased lung tissue imatinib concentration in isolated PAH lungs without increasing pulmonary vascular permeability. Sublingual CAR was also effective in selectively enhancing the pulmonary vasodilation by imatinib and sildenafil. Our results suggest a new paradigm in the treatment of PAH, using an i.v./sublingual tissue-penetrating homing peptide to selectively augment pulmonary vascular effects of nonselective drugs without the potentially problematic conjugation process. CAR may be particularly useful as an add-on therapy to selectively enhance the pulmonary vascular efficacy of any ongoing drug treatment in patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michie Toba
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Abdallah Alzoubi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kealan O'Neill
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kohtaro Abe
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Takeo Urakami
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
| | - Masanobu Komatsu
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
| | - Diego Alvarez
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Tero A H Järvinen
- Medical School, University and University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - David Mann
- VBS Pharmaceuticals Division, Vascular BioSciences, Goleta, California
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ivan F McMurtry
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Masahiko Oka
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama.
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14
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Urakami T, Okuno M, Yoshida A, Suzuki J, Mugisima H. Pharmacological therapies for children with type 2 diabetes mellitus should be individualized. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2013. [PMCID: PMC3850126 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2013-s1-p32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Yanez CO, Morales AR, Yue X, Urakami T, Komatsu M, Järvinen TAH, Belfield KD. Deep vascular imaging in wounds by two-photon fluorescence microscopy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67559. [PMID: 23844028 PMCID: PMC3699647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep imaging within tissue (over 300 μm) at micrometer resolution has become possible with the advent of two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM). The advantages of 2PFM have been used to interrogate endogenous and exogenous fluorophores in the skin. Herein, we employed the integrin (cell-adhesion proteins expressed by invading angiogenic blood vessels) targeting characteristics of a two-photon absorbing fluorescent probe to image new vasculature and fibroblasts up to ≈ 1600 μm within wound (neodermis)/granulation tissue in lesions made on the skin of mice. Reconstruction revealed three dimensional (3D) architecture of the vascular plexus forming at the regenerating wound tissue and the presence of a fibroblast bed surrounding the capillaries. Biologically crucial events, such as angiogenesis for wound healing, may be illustrated and analyzed in 3D on the whole organ level, providing novel tools for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciceron O. Yanez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alma R. Morales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiling Yue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Takeo Urakami
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Masanobu Komatsu
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tero A. H. Järvinen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tampere City Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
- The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Urakami T, Hamada Y, Magarihuchi H, Yamaguchi H, Fukuoka M, Aoki Y. P32 A proposal for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)-guided therapy with beta-lactams. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(13)70277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Aoki Y, Hamada Y, Magarihuchi H, Urakami T. P318 Quality improvements in clinical practice of community-acquired bacteremia with marked reduction in mortality. A 10-years' experience. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(13)70559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Morales AR, Yanez CO, Zhang Y, Wang X, Biswas S, Urakami T, Komatsu M, Belfield KD. Small molecule fluorophore and copolymer RGD peptide conjugates for ex vivo two-photon fluorescence tumor vasculature imaging. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8477-85. [PMID: 22940216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of small molecule and block copolymer RGD peptide conjugates for deep ex vivo imaging of tumor vasculature in "whole" excised tumors using two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM). The fluorescent probes were administered to mice via tail-vein injection, after which the tumors were excised, fixed, and imaged without further sample preparation. Both RGD conjugates demonstrated specific targeting to tumor blood vessels, and this selectivity imparted excellent contrast in 2PFM micrographs that captured high-resolution 3-D images of the tumor vasculature up to depths of 830 μm in Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) tumors. 2PFM ex vivo fluorescence micrographs clearly revealed tumor vessels, while differences in the sensitivity of tumor vessel imaging were apparent between the small molecule and block copolymer conjugates. Both the small molecule and polymer-based two-photon absorbing probe conjugate are valuable for deep tissue tumor microvasculature imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma R Morales
- University of Central Florida, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, FL 32816-2366, USA
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19
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Sawada J, Urakami T, Li F, Urakami A, Zhu W, Fukuda M, Li DY, Ruoslahti E, Komatsu M. Small GTPase R-Ras regulates integrity and functionality of tumor blood vessels. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:235-49. [PMID: 22897853 PMCID: PMC3422514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We show that R-Ras, a small GTPase of the Ras family, is essential for the establishment of mature, functional blood vessels in tumors. The genetic disruption of R-Ras severely impaired the maturation processes of tumor vessels in mice. Conversely, the gain of function of R-Ras improved vessel structure and blood perfusion and blocked plasma leakage by enhanced endothelial barrier function and pericyte association with nascent blood vessels. Thus, R-Ras promotes normalization of the tumor vasculature. These findings identify R-Ras as a critical regulator of vessel integrity and function during tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Sawada
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando FL 32827
| | - Takeo Urakami
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando FL 32827
| | - Fangfei Li
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando FL 32827
| | - Akane Urakami
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando FL 32827
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, University of Utah, Molecular Medicine (U2M2) Program and Cardiology, Salt Lake City UT 84112
| | - Minoru Fukuda
- Tumor Microenvironment Program, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla CA 92037
| | - Dean Y. Li
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, University of Utah, Molecular Medicine (U2M2) Program and Cardiology, Salt Lake City UT 84112
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Tumor Microenvironment Program, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla CA 92037
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Masanobu Komatsu
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando FL 32827
- Tumor Microenvironment Program, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla CA 92037
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Masanobu Komatsu Ph.D., Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando FL 32827, Phone: 407-745-2067, Fax: 407-745-2001,
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20
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Andrade CD, Yanez CO, Ahn HY, Urakami T, Bondar MV, Komatsu M, Belfield KD. Two-photon fluorescence vascular bioimaging with new bioconjugate probes selective toward the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2060-71. [PMID: 21950485 DOI: 10.1021/bc200299z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of two amine reactive fluorescent dyes with efficient two-photon absorption (2PA) properties and high fluorescence quantum yields. Bioconjugation of these dyes with the DC-101 antibody proved to be useful for selectively imaging the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) in cells expressing this receptor in vitro and in "whole" mounted excised tumors (ex vivo) by two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM). The penetration depths reached within the tumors by 2PFM was over 800 μm. In addition, the concentration of dye required for incubation of these bioconjugates was in the picomolar domain, the probes possessed very good photostability, and the 2PFM setup did not require any additional means of increasing the collection efficiencies of fluorescent photons to achieve the relatively deep tissue imaging that was realized, due, in large part, to the favorable photophysical properties of the new probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina D Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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21
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Wang X, Morales AR, Urakami T, Zhang L, Bondar MV, Komatsu M, Belfield KD. Folate receptor-targeted aggregation-enhanced near-IR emitting silica nanoprobe for one-photon in vivo and two-photon ex vivo fluorescence bioimaging. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1438-50. [PMID: 21688841 DOI: 10.1021/bc2002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A two-photon absorbing (2PA) and aggregation-enhanced near-infrared (NIR) emitting pyran derivative, encapsulated in and stabilized by silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), is reported as a nanoprobe for two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) bioimaging that overcomes the fluorescence quenching associated with high chromophore loading. The new SiNP probe exhibited aggregate-enhanced emission producing nearly twice as strong a signal as the unaggregated dye, a 3-fold increase in two-photon absorption relative to the DFP in solution, and approximately 4-fold increase in photostability. The surface of the nanoparticles was functionalized with a folic acid (FA) derivative for folate-mediated delivery of the nanoprobe for 2PFM bioimaging. Surface modification of SiNPs with the FA derivative was supported by zeta potential variation and (1)H NMR spectral characterization of the SiNPs as a function of surface modification. In vitro studies using HeLa cells expressing a folate receptor (FR) indicated specific cellular uptake of the functionalized nanoparticles. The nanoprobe was demonstrated for FR-targeted one-photon in vivo imaging of HeLa tumor xenograft in mice upon intravenous injection of the probe. The FR-targeting nanoprobe not only exhibited highly selective tumor targeting but also readily extravasated from tumor vessels, penetrated into the tumor parenchyma, and was internalized by the tumor cells. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy bioimaging provided three-dimensional (3D) cellular-level resolution imaging up to 350 μm deep in the HeLa tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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22
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Urakami T, Järvinen TAH, Toba M, Sawada J, Ambalavanan N, Mann D, McMurtry I, Oka M, Ruoslahti E, Komatsu M. Peptide-directed highly selective targeting of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Pathol 2011; 178:2489-95. [PMID: 21549345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disorder of the pulmonary vasculature associated with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Despite recent advances in the treatment of PAH, with eight approved clinical therapies and additional therapies undergoing clinical trials, PAH remains a serious life-threatening condition. The lack of pulmonary vascular selectivity and associated systemic adverse effects of these therapies remain the main obstacles to successful treatment. Peptide-mediated drug delivery that specifically targets the vasculature of PAH lungs may offer a solution to the lack of drug selectivity. Herein, we show highly selective targeting of rat PAH lesions by a novel cyclic peptide, CARSKNKDC (CAR). Intravenous administration of CAR peptide resulted in intense accumulation of the peptide in monocrotaline-induced and SU5416/hypoxia-induced hypertensive lungs but not in healthy lungs or other organs of PAH rats. CAR homed to all layers of remodeled pulmonary arteries, ie, endothelium, neointima, medial smooth muscle, and adventitia, in the hypertensive lungs. CAR also homed to capillary vessels and accumulated in the interstitial space of the PAH lungs, manifesting its extravasation activity. These results demonstrated the remarkable ability of CAR to selectively target PAH lung vasculature and effectively penetrate and spread throughout the diseased lung tissue. These results suggest the clinical utility of CAR in the targeted delivery of therapeutic compounds and imaging probes to PAH lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Urakami
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (formerly the Burnham Institute for Medical Research) at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida, USA
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23
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Oku N, Yamashita M, Katayama Y, Urakami T, Hatanaka K, Shimizu K, Asai T, Tsukada H, Akai S, Kanazawa H. PET imaging of brain cancer with positron emitter-labeled liposomes. Int J Pharm 2010; 403:170-7. [PMID: 20934495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Since nanocarriers such as liposomes are known to accumulate in tumors of tumor-bearing animals, and those that have entrapped a positron emitter can be used to image a tumor by PET, we applied (18)F-labeled 100-nm-sized liposomes for the imaging of brain tumors. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified liposomes, which are known to accumulate in tumors by passive targeting and those modified with Ala-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly, which are known to home into angiogenic sites were used. Those liposomes labeled with DiI fluorescence accumulated in a glioma implanted in a rat brain 1h after the injection, although they did not accumulate in the normal brain tissues due to the protection afforded by the blood-brain barrier. Preformed liposomes were easily labeled with 1-[(18)F]fluoro-3,6-dioxatetracosane, and enabled the imaging of gliomas by PET with higher contrast than that obtained with [(18)F]deoxyfluoroglucose. In addition, the smallest tumor among those tested, having a diameter of 1mm was successfully imaged by the liposomal (18)F. Therefore, nanocarrier-based imaging of brain tumors is promising for the diagnosis of brain cancer and possible drug delivery-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Urakami T, Yashima K, Kobayashi H, Yoshida A, Ito-Yoshida C. Production of pyrroloquinoline quinone by using methanol-utilizing bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 58:3970-6. [PMID: 16348825 PMCID: PMC183213 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.12.3970-3976.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of methanol-utilizing bacteria were screened for extracellular production of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) by using methanol as the carbon and energy sources. Of the bacteria selected, Hyphomicrobium sp. strain TK 0441 was examined for PQQ production by using a jar fermentor. The amount of PQQ in the broth and the level of methanol dehydrogenase activity in the cells were increased by simply decreasing the amount of Fe added to the medium. On the other hand, extracellularly produced protein which interfered with the purification of PQQ was decreased by simply increasing the amount of Mg added to the medium. A suitable medium that contained 1 mug of Fe per ml, 150 mug of Mg per ml, and trace elements was developed. In this medium, the production of PQQ reached approximately 1 mg/ml and protein formation was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Urakami
- Biochemical Division, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Seavans-N Building, Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105, Technical Planning Department, Mizushima Factory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Mizushimakaigan, Kurashiki 712, and Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Tayuhama, Niigata 950-31, Japan
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Swift PGF, Skinner TC, de Beaufort CE, Cameron FJ, Aman J, Aanstoot HJ, Castaño L, Chiarelli F, Daneman D, Danne T, Dorchy H, Hoey H, Kaprio EA, Kaufman F, Kocova M, Mortensen HB, Njølstad PR, Phillip M, Robertson KJ, Schoenle EJ, Urakami T, Vanelli M, Ackermann RW, Skovlund SE. Target setting in intensive insulin management is associated with metabolic control: the Hvidoere childhood diabetes study group centre differences study 2005. Pediatr Diabetes 2010; 11:271-8. [PMID: 19895567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate glycaemic targets set by diabetes teams, their perception by adolescents and parents, and their influence on metabolic control. METHODS Clinical data and questionnaires were completed by adolescents, parents/carers and diabetes teams in 21 international centres. HbA1c was measured centrally. RESULTS A total of 2062 adolescents completed questionnaires (age 14.4 +/- 2.3 yr; diabetes duration 6.1 +/- 3.5 yr). Mean HbA 1c = 8.2 +/- 1.4% with significant differences between centres (F = 12.3; p < 0.001) range from 7.4 to 9.1%. There was a significant correlation between parent (r = 0.20) and adolescent (r = 0.21) reports of their perceived ideal HbA1c and their actual HbA1c result (p < 0.001), and a stronger association between parents' (r = 0.39) and adolescents' (r = 0.4) reports of the HbA1c they would be happy with and their actual HbA1c result. There were significant differences between centres on parent and adolescent reports of ideal and happy with HbA1c (8.1 < F > 17.4;p < 0.001). A lower target HbA1c and greater consistency between members of teams within centres were associated with lower centre HbA1c (F = 16.0; df = 15; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Clear and consistent setting of glycaemic targets by diabetes teams is strongly associated with HbA1c outcome in adolescents. Target setting appears to play a significant role in explaining the differences in metabolic outcomes between centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G F Swift
- Children's Hospital, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK.
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Hoshino Y, Koide H, Urakami T, Kanazawa H, Kodama T, Oku N, Shea KJ. Recognition, neutralization, and clearance of target peptides in the bloodstream of living mice by molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles: a plastic antibody. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6644-5. [PMID: 20420394 PMCID: PMC2874824 DOI: 10.1021/ja102148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report that simple, synthetic organic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) can capture and clear a target peptide toxin in the bloodstream of living mice. The protein-sized polymer nanoparticles, with a binding affinity and selectivity comparable to those of natural antibodies, were prepared by combining a functional monomer optimization strategy with molecular-imprinting nanoparticle synthesis. As a result of binding and removal of melittin by NPs in vivo, the mortality and peripheral toxic symptoms due to melittin were significantly diminished. In vivo imaging of the polymer nanoparticles (or "plastic antibodies") established that the NPs accelerate clearance of the peptide from blood and accumulate in the liver. Coupled with their biocompatibility and nontoxic characteristics, plastic antibodies offer the potential for neutralizing a wide range of biomacromolecules in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA. ;
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Ishii T, Asai T, Urakami T, Oku N. Accumulation of macromolecules in brain parenchyma in acute phase of cerebral infarction/reperfusion. Brain Res 2010; 1321:164-8. [PMID: 20096271 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is induced by recovery of blood flow after ischemia. This phenomenon is a main cause of ischemic brain injury. The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) fails after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Further elucidation of this phenomenon promotes to develop treatment strategies for ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we attempted to examine the time-dependent change of ischemia-reperfusion injury in relation to BBB disorders at acute phase in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) model rat as a cerebral infarction and reperfusion model. Brain cell damage after the reperfusion was assessed by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. To clarify a time-dependent change of the integrity of BBB, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (150 kDa) was injected intravenously into t-MCAO rats, and time-dependent localization of FITC-dextran was monitored in ex vivo. As a result, obvious brain damage was firstly observed at 3 h after reperfusion following 1 h of MCAO. In contrast, the leakage of FITC-dextran from cerebral vessels was observed immediately after the reperfusion. The present data suggest that the integrity of BBB failed prior to the occurrence of serious brain damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion, and that macromolecules such as water-soluble polymers and proteins which cannot pass through the BBB under normal condition would reach brain parenchyma at early stage after reperfusion. These findings would be useful to establish a novel treatment strategy for reperfusion injury after cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ishii
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Global COE, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Urakami T, Sakai K, Asai T, Fukumoto D, Tsukada H, Oku N. Evaluation of O-[(18)F]fluoromethyl-D-tyrosine as a radiotracer for tumor imaging with positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:295-303. [PMID: 19324275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
O-[(18)F]Fluoromethyl-D-tyrosine (D-[(18)F]FMT) has been reported as a potential tumor-detecting agent for positron emission tomography (PET). However, the reason why D-[(18)F]FMT is better than L-[(18)F]FMT is unclear. To clarify this point, we examined the mechanism of their transport and their suitability for tumor detection. The stereo-selective uptake and release of enantiomerically pure D- and L-[(18)F]FMT by rat C6 glioma cells and human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells were examined. The results of a competitive inhibition study using various amino acids and a selective inhibitor for transport system L suggested that D-[(18)F]FMT, as well as L-[(18)F]FMT, was transported via system L, the large neutral amino acid transporter, possibly via LAT1. The in vivo distribution of both [(18)F]FMT and [(18)F]FDG in tumor-bearing mice and rats was imaged with a high-resolution small-animal PET system. In vivo PET imaging of D-[(18)F]FMT in mouse xenograft and rat allograft tumor models showed high contrast with a low background, especially in the abdominal and brain region. The results of our in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that L-[(18)F]FMT and D-[(18)F]FMT are specifically taken up by tumor cells via system L. D-[(18)F]FMT, however, provides a better tumor-to-background contrast with a tumor/background (contralateral region) ratio of 2.741 vs. 1.878 with the L-isomer, whose difference appears to be caused by a difference in the influence of extracellular amino acids on the uptake and excretion of these two isomers in various organs. Therefore, D-[(18)F]FMT would be a more powerful tool as a tumor-detecting agent for PET, especially for the imaging of a brain cancer and an abdominal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Urakami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Global COE, University of Shizuoka Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Hoshino Y, Urakami T, Kodama T, Koide H, Oku N, Okahata Y, Shea KJ. Design of synthetic polymer nanoparticles that capture and neutralize a toxic peptide. Small 2009; 5:1562-1568. [PMID: 19296557 PMCID: PMC2804256 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Designed polymer nanoparticles (NPs) capable of binding and neutralizing a biomacromolecular toxin are prepared. A library of copolymer NPs is synthesized from combinations of functional monomers. The binding capacity and affinity of the NPs are individually analyzed. NPs with optimized composition are capable of neutralizing the toxin even in a complex biological milieu. It is anticipated that this strategy will be a starting point for the design of synthetic alternatives to antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 (USA),
| | - Takeo Urakami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526 (Japan)
| | - Takashi Kodama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501 (Japan)
| | - Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526 (Japan)
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526 (Japan)
| | - Yoshio Okahata
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501 (Japan)
| | - Kenneth J. Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 (USA),
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Urakami T, Kawaguchi AT, Akai S, Hatanaka K, Koide H, Shimizu K, Asai T, Fukumoto D, Harada N, Tsukada H, Oku N. In vivo distribution of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin determined by positron emission tomography. Artif Organs 2009; 33:164-8. [PMID: 19178462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2008.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive imaging technology that enables the determination of biodistribution of positron emitter-labeled compounds. Lipidic nanoparticles are useful for drug delivery system (DDS), including the artificial oxygen carriers. However, there has been no appropriate method to label preformulated DDS drugs by positron emitters. We have developed a rapid and efficient labeling method for lipid nanoparticles and applied it to determine the movement of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH). Distribution of LEH in the rat brain under ischemia was examined by a small animal PET with an enhanced resolution. While the blood flow was almost absent in the ischemic region observed by [(15)O]H(2)O imaging, distribution of (18)F-labeled LEH in the region was gradually increased during 60-min dynamic PET scanning. The results suggest that LEH deliver oxygen even into the ischemic brain from the periphery toward the core of ischemia. The real-time observation of flow pattern, deposition, and excretion of LEH in the ischemic rodent brain was possible by the new methods of positron emitter labeling and PET system with a high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Urakami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Global COE Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Urakami T, Maiguma T, Kaji H, Kondo S, Teshima D. Analysis using fluorescence polarization immunoassay for unbound teicoplanin concentration in serum. J Clin Pharm Ther 2008; 33:357-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Koide H, Asai T, Hatanaka K, Urakami T, Ishii T, Kenjo E, Nishihara M, Yokoyama M, Ishida T, Kiwada H, Oku N. Particle size-dependent triggering of accelerated blood clearance phenomenon. Int J Pharm 2008; 362:197-200. [PMID: 18586076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A repeat-injection of polyethylene glycol-modified liposomes (PEGylated liposomes) causes a rapid clearance of them from the blood circulation in certain cases that is referred to as the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. In the present study, we examined whether polymeric micelles trigger ABC phenomenon or not. As a preconditioning treatment, polymeric micelles (9.7, 31.5, or 50.2 nm in diameter) or PEGylated liposomes (119, 261 or 795 nm) were preadministered into BALB/c mice. Three days after the preadministration [(3)H]-labeled PEGylated liposomes (127 nm) as a test dose were administered into the mice to determine the biodistribution of PEGylated liposomes. At 24h after the test dose was given, accelerated clearance of PEGylated liposomes from the bloodstream and significant accumulation in the liver was observed in the mice preadministered with 50.2-795 nm nanoassemblies (PEGylated liposomes or polymeric micelles). In contrast, such phenomenon was not observed with 9.7-31.5 nm polymeric micelles. The enhanced blood clearance and hepatic uptake of the test dose (ABC phenomenon) were related to the size of triggering nanoassemblies. Our study provides important information for developing both drug and gene delivery systems by means of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Global COE Program, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Cameron FJ, Skinner TC, de Beaufort CE, Hoey H, Swift PGF, Aanstoot H, Aman J, Martul P, Chiarelli F, Daneman D, Danne T, Dorchy H, Kaprio EA, Kaufman F, Kocova M, Mortensen HB, Njølstad PR, Phillip M, Robertson KJ, Schoenle EJ, Urakami T, Vanelli M, Ackermann RW, Skovlund SE. Are family factors universally related to metabolic outcomes in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes? Diabet Med 2008; 25:463-8. [PMID: 18294223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the importance of family factors in determining metabolic outcomes in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes in 19 countries. METHODS Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes aged 11-18 years, from 21 paediatric diabetes care centres, in 19 countries, and their parents were invited to participate. Questionnaires were administered recording demographic data, details of insulin regimens, severe hypoglycaemic events and number of episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis. Adolescents completed the parental involvement scale from the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth--Short Form (DQOLY-SF) and the Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire (DFRQ). Parents completed the DFRQ and a Parental Burden of Diabetes score. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) was analysed centrally on capillary blood. RESULTS A total of 2062 adolescents completed a questionnaire, with 2036 providing a blood sample; 1994 parents also completed a questionnaire. Family demographic factors that were associated with metabolic outcomes included: parents living together (t = 4.1; P < 0.001), paternal employment status (F = 7.2; d.f. = 3; P < 0.001), parents perceived to be over-involved in diabetes care (r = 0.11; P < 0.001) and adolescent-parent disagreement on responsibility for diabetes care practices (F = 8.46; d.f. = 2; P < 0.001). Although these factors differed between centres, they did not account for centre differences in metabolic outcomes, but were stronger predictors of metabolic control than age, gender or insulin treatment regimen. CONCLUSIONS Family factors, particularly dynamic and communication factors such as parental over-involvement and adolescent-parent concordance on responsibility for diabetes care appear be important determinants of metabolic outcomes in adolescents with diabetes. However, family dynamic factors do not account for the substantial differences in metabolic outcomes between centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Cameron
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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Urakami T, Akai S, Katayama Y, Harada N, Tsukada H, Oku N. Novel amphiphilic probes for [18F]-radiolabeling preformed liposomes and determination of liposomal trafficking by positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6454-7. [PMID: 18052025 DOI: 10.1021/jm7010518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Positron-emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive real-time functional imaging system and is expected to be useful for the development of new drug candidates in clinical trials. For its application with preformulated liposomes, we devised an optimized [18F]-compound and developed a direct liposome modification method that we termed the "solid-phase transition method". We were successful in using 1-[18F]fluoro-3,6-dioxatetracosane ([18F]7a) for in vivo trafficking of liposomes. This method might be a useful tool in preclinical and clinical studies of lipidic particle-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Urakami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Global COE, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
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Urakami T, Morimoto S, Kubota S, Funaki S, Harada K. Usefulness of the long-acting insulin analogue glargine in basal-bolus therapy for Japanese children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2007; 20:807-15. [PMID: 17849743 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2007.20.7.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of long-acting insulin analogue glargine (G) changing from NPH in basal-bolus therapy for Japanese children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Thirty patients (11 M, 19 F) with DM1 aged 13.3 +/- 4.5 years were included in the study. Mean fasting blood glucose level was significantly decreased (baseline: 142.5 +/- 39.3 vs 127.1 +/- 24.0, 129.0 +/- 29.1, 121.1 +/- 26.0 mg/dl at 3, 6, 12 months, respectively, p <0.01), and mean HbA(1c) was significantly decreased (baseline: 8.06 +/- 0.85 vs 7.69 +/- 0.89, 7.57 +/- 0.93, 7.36 +/- 0.95%, at 3, 6, 12 months, respectively, p <0.01) after changing to G from NPH. Severe hypoglycemia rarely occurred during the study period. In conclusion, basal-bolus therapy using G resulted in improved overall glycemic control with a low risk of severe hypoglycemia in Japanese pediatric patients with DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Urakami
- Department ofPediatrics, Nihon University School ofMedicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ichikawa K, Urakami T, Yonezawa S, Miyauchi H, Shimizu K, Asai T, Oku N. Enhanced desensitization efficacy by liposomal conjugation of a specific antigen. Int J Pharm 2007; 336:391-5. [PMID: 17234372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since liposomes are known as strong adjuvants, we attempted to use liposomes in immunotherapy as adjuvants, and to achieve desensitization in pre-sensitized mice. At first, we sensitized mice with intraperitoneal injection of model antigen, 100 microg ovalbumin (OVA), with Alum and treated them with liposome composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and cholesterol (2:1 as a molar ratio), which was coupled with a small amount of OVA (10 microg OVA in 400 nmol DSPC and 200 nmol cholesterol-liposome was injected into 20 g mouse). It is well known that antigen-specific immunotherapy increases IgG blocking antibodies and decreases in IgE antibodies. The treatment with i.v. injection of OVA-liposome at days 8, 10, and 12 after sensitization strongly suppressed OVA-specific IgE production without affecting IgG level after the boost (100 microg OVA with Alum). Moreover, the treatment with high-density OVA-liposome (10 microg OVA in 80 nmol DSPC and 40 nmol cholesterol-liposome/20 g mouse) not only strongly suppressed IgE levels but also reduced IgG production after the boost of OVA-sensitized mice suggesting the importance of liposomal characteristic in desensitization immunotherapy. Next we reduced the dose of OVA-liposome and the desensitization effect was also observed at the dose of as low as 1 microg OVA on OVA-liposome/mouse. On the contrary, free OVA did not affect the production of both IgG and IgE levels. Biodistribution study indicated that OVA-liposome was highly accumulated in spleen of OVA-sensitized mice compared to control liposome at 3 h after i.v. injection. These results suggest that the liposomal OVA effectively interacts with and desensitizes immune cells, therefore, liposomes coupling with a certain antigen may be effective in allergy immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ichikawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and COE Program in the 21st Century, University or Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Kubo E, Urakami T, Fatma N, Akagi Y, Singh DP. Polyol pathway-dependent osmotic and oxidative stresses in aldose reductase-mediated apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells: role of AOP2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314:1050-6. [PMID: 14751239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) has been implicated as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic cataracts. AR activation generates osmotic and oxidative stresses via the polyol pathway and induces cell death signals. Antioxidant protein 2 (AOP2) protects cells from oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of AR overexpression on polyol accumulation and on hyperglycemic oxidative stress and osmotic stress, as well as the effects of these stresses on human lens epithelial cell (hLEC) survival. hLECs overexpressing the AR became apoptotic during hyperglycemia and showed elevated levels of intracellular polyols. Glutathione and AOP2 levels were significantly decreased in these cells. Interestingly, supply of AOP2 and/or the AR inhibitor fidarestat protected the cells against hyperglycemia-induced death. Overexpression of AR increased osmotic and oxidative stresses, resulting in increased apoptosis in hLECs. Because AOP2 protects hyperglycemia-induced hLEC apoptosis, this molecule may have the potential to prevent hyperglycemia-mediated complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, Japan
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Urakami T, Inami I, Morimoto S, Kubota S, Owada M. Clinical characteristics of non-immune-mediated, idiopathic type 1 (type 1B) diabetes mellitus in Japanese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2002; 15:283-8. [PMID: 11924930 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2002.15.3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the characteristics of idiopathic type 1 (type 1B) diabetes mellitus (DM), we compared the clinical features of immune-mediated type 1 (type 1A) DM and type 1B DM in 85 Japanese children and adolescents with DM. The prevalence of type 1B DM was 16.5%. The patients with type 1B DM were significantly younger at diagnosis and had a higher frequency of preceding viral infection before onset, compared to those with type 1A DM. They displayed more severe metabolic decompensation with a higher frequency of ketoacidosis at diagnosis than patients with type 1A DM. They had strong, HLA-defined genetic susceptibility, similar to that in type 1A DM. Some patients with type 1B DM exhibited a remarkably abrupt onset and rapid loss of beta-cell capacity. From these findings, it is considered that type 1B DM differs from type 1A DM with respect to age at onset and the trigger event, such as viral infection, leading to rapid destruction of beta-cells without autoimmunity in the etiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Urakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Matsuura N, Yokota Y, Kazahari K, Sasaki N, Amemiya S, Ito Y, Fukushima N, Koike A, Igarashi Y, Hirano T, Sugihara S, Miki Y, Urakami T, Uchigata Y, Kanematsu S, Ohki Y, Takesue M, Hasegawa Y, Miyamoto S, Fujimoto M, Fujitsuka S, Mori T, Ogawa H, Uchiyama M, Onigata K, Tachibana K, Kikuchi N, Taketani T, Kohno H, Kasahara Y, Isshiki G, Tokuda M, Takahashi T, Kanzaki S, Yokota I, Kida K, Okada T, Nishiyama S, Masuda H, Kinugasa A, Nukada O. The Japanese Study Group of Insulin Therapy for Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes (JSGIT): initial aims and impact of the family history of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Japanese children. Pediatr Diabetes 2001; 2:160-9. [PMID: 15016181 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-5448.2001.20404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese Study Group of Insulin Therapy for Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes (JSGIT) was established in July 1994 with the chief aim to improve the quality of therapy for type 1 diabetes in children, an entity far less common in Japan than in Europe. We proposed four initial research topics: (i) to determine the current status of medical care and glycemic control in Japanese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus; (ii) to standardize the measurement of hemoglobin A1c; (iii) to establish a registry of a large cohort of patients in order to enable prospective studies to improve the quality of therapy for children with type 1 diabetes in Japan; and (iv) to enable participants of the JSGIT to hold a workshop twice annually. We registered a total of 736 patients from 45 hospitals throughout Japan. Intervention via insulin treatment was instituted after 2 yr for those patients whose hemoglobin A1c level was more than 8.1%. The proportion of patients receiving multiple insulin injections increased after intervention; however, average hemoglobin A1c in females remained significantly higher than in males. We identified two forms of diabetes in Japanese children: a rapidly progressive form and a more slowly progressive form. There was a significantly higher prevalence of a family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives in the slowly progressive form. These preliminary findings are the result of the first collaborative study of childhood diabetes in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matsuura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
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41
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Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y, Urakami T, Suzuki S, Nakamura T, Suda T, Oku N. Overexpression of the Csk homologous kinase (Chk tyrosine kinase) induces multinucleation: a possible role for chromosome-associated Chk in chromosome dynamics. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:1631-41. [PMID: 11309195 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.9.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Csk family of non-receptor-type tyrosine kinases consists of Csk and the Csk homologous kinase Chk. Each enzyme suppresses the catalytic activity of Src family kinases by phosphorylating their C-terminal negative regulatory tyrosine residues. Ectopic and transient expression of Chk in COS-1 cells showed nuclear localization of Chk and growth inhibition. To further explore the role of Chk in cell growth, we overexpressed Chk in human immature myeloid KMT-2 cells. Chk overexpression brought about growth retardation and aberrant chromosome movement leading to multinucleation, and these events were accompanied by insufficient formation of mitotic spindles. In vitro kinase assays showed that Chk overexpression suppressed the tyrosine kinase activity of Lyn, a member of the Src family, immunoprecipitated from Triton X-100 lysates. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that fractions of Chk and Lyn, resistant to Triton X-100 solubilization, are associated with mitotic chromosome scaffolds and spindles. Chk overexpression induced a decrease in autophosphorylation of Lyn and concomitant changes in levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins associated with both fractions. These results indicate that Chk, Lyn and the tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins localize to mitotic chromosomes and spindles, suggesting that Chk-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation, presumably through Lyn, may be involved in chromosome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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42
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Aono S, Matsuura N, Amemiya S, Igarashi Y, Uchigata Y, Urakami T, Kida K, Sasaki N, Miki Y, Miyamoto S. Marriage rate and number of children among young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Japan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2000; 49:135-41. [PMID: 10963825 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of our study was to identify the social circumstances and lifestyle of IDDM patients in Japan. The present study focused on the marriage status of both men and women with IDDM as well as the number of children of women with IDDM. A questionnaire was sent to hospitals across the country. Doctors handed it or mailed it to IDDM patients aged 18 years or older. Unsigned answer sheets were returned directly by the patients. Data on the marriage rate and number of children were obtained, and possible factors affecting these indices were assessed. One thousand and thirteen patients (354 men and 659 women) answered the questionnaire. Both men and women with IDDM were less likely to be married in comparison with age-matched Japanese. The number of children of married IDDM women in various age groups was also lower in comparison with the general Japanese female population. Several factors other than diabetes complications including job discrimination, high medical costs, and psychological pressures, were thought to be responsible for these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, 545-8585, Osaka, Japan.
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43
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Yoshida Y, Matsumura H, Nakajima T, Mandai M, Urakami T, Kuroda K, Yoneda H. Prostaglandin E (EP) receptor subtypes and sleep: promotion by EP4 and inhibition by EP1/EP2. Neuroreport 2000; 11:2127-31. [PMID: 10923657 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200007140-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E2 reportedly augmented wakefulness when continuously infused into the third ventricle of the rat brain, whereas it promoted sleep when continuously infused into the subarachnoid space of the ventral surface zone of the rostral basal forebrain, which was designated previously as a PGD2-sensitive sleep-promoting zone (PGD2-SZ). In the present study, we investigated the effects of PGE (EP)-receptor agonists on sleep-wakefulness activities by infusing agonists into the third ventricle or into the subarachnoid space of the PGD2-SZ. Our results indicated that the waking effect is mediated by EP1 and EP2 receptors situating around the third ventricle, whereas the sleep-promoting effect is brought about mainly through activation of EP4 receptors located at or near the subarachnoid space of the PGD2-SZ.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Circadian Rhythm
- Infusions, Parenteral
- Male
- Prosencephalon/drug effects
- Prosencephalon/physiology
- Prostaglandin D2/administration & dosage
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Sleep/drug effects
- Sleep/physiology
- Wakefulness/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Japan
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44
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Zhang H, Urakami T, Tsuchiya Y, Lu Z, Hiruma T. Time integrated spectroscopy of turbid media based on the microscopic beer-lambert law: application to small-size phantoms having different boundary conditions. J Biomed Opt 1999; 4:183-190. [PMID: 23015184 DOI: 10.1117/1.429905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Continued work on time-integrated spectroscopy (TIS) is presented to quantify absorber concentrations in turbid media. We investigated the applicability of the TIS method to small-size media that have different boundary conditions by measuring two 20×20×50 mm3 cuboid liquid tissue-like phantoms at various absorption levels (absorption coefficients of the phantom from 2.5×10-3 to 4.4×10-2 mm-1 at 782 nm and from 3.1×10-3 to 2.7×10-2 mm-1 at 831 nm). The scattering and absorbing solution was filled into ordinary and black-anodized aluminum containers to provide different boundary conditions. By means of a single equation, the absorber concentrations have been recovered within errors of a few percent in both cases. This demonstrates that the TIS method can quantify absorbers in small-size media having different boundary conditions. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
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Abstract
The activities of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a coenzyme of methanol dehydrogenase and amine oxidase, and its reduced form pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2) as an antioxidant have been measured in solution. PQQH2 was stable in the absence of oxygen but rapidly auto-oxidized to PQQ in the presence of oxygen in water. PQQH2 was stable in an aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile, even in air. PQQ did not exert appreciable antioxidant activity, whereas PQQH2 exerted higher reactivity than alpha-tocopherol toward galvinoxyl radical and peroxyl radical. PQQH2 acted as a potent antioxidant against the oxidation of methyl linoleate in acetonitrile induced by azo compound and produced a clear induction period, from which the apparent stoichiometric number was obtained as 1.1. PQQH2 reduced the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical and spared alpha-tocopherol in the oxidation of methyl linoleate. These results suggest that PQQH2 may act as a potent antioxidant, particularly in combination with alpha-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miyauchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Urakami T, Kondo K, Kasugai T, Sakakibara K, Nishiwaki M. [A case of recurrent esophageal cavernous hemangioma increasing rapidly after surgery]. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 46:1206-10. [PMID: 9884579 DOI: 10.1007/bf03217903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A 40-year-old female was referred to our hospital for dysphagia. A hemangioma measuring 5 x 2.5 x 2.5 cm was revealed as a round defect by esophagography and was partially cystic on CT and MRI. Through a neck incision, the esophageal wall on the tumor side was initially opened. The tumor partially adhered to the esophageal wall, but was dissected from the esophageal wall and then resected easily. Microscopic examination of tumor revealed cavernous hemagioma. Thirty days after the initial surgery, the recurrent tumor was detected in the pharynx and increased rapidly. Then a second operation was performed. The tumor was completely resected by mucosectomy including normal esophageal mucosa. Recurrence was caused by residual cystic wall of the hemangioma adhering to the esophageal mucosa after the first procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Urakami
- Department of Respiratory Surgery, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Aichi, Japan
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47
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Tsuchiya Y, Urakami T. Optical quantitation of absorbers in variously shaped turbid media based on the microscopic Beer-Lambert law. A new approach to optical computerized tomography. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 838:75-94. [PMID: 9511797 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine the concentrations of an absorber in variously shaped turbid media such as human tissue, we propose analytical expressions for diffuse re-emission in time and frequency domains, based on the microscopic Beer-Lambert law that holds true when we trace a zigzag photon path in the medium. Our expressions are implicit for the scattering properties, the volume shape, and the source-detector separation. We show that three observables are sufficient to determine the changes in the concentration and the absolute concentrations of an absorber in scattering media as long as the scattering property remains constant. The three observables are: the re-emission, the mean pathlength or group delay, and the extinction coefficient of the absorber. We also show that our equations can be extended to describe photon migration in nonuniform media. The validity of the predictions is confirmed by measuring a tissue-like phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tsuchiya
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamakita, Japan.
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48
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Fu J, Ikegami H, Kawaguchi Y, Fujisawa T, Kawabata Y, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Shintani M, Nojima K, Babaya N, Shen QJ, Uchigata Y, Urakami T, Omori Y, Shima K, Ogihara T. Association of distal chromosome 2q with IDDM in Japanese subjects. Diabetologia 1998; 41:228-32. [PMID: 9498658 DOI: 10.1007/s001250050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)-susceptibility gene (IDDM13) has recently been mapped to a region of distal chromosome 2q, which is syntenic to the region of mouse chromosome 1 containing a murine susceptibility gene for IDDM, Idd5. To determine the contribution of this region to IDDM disease susceptibility further and to narrow the region for positional cloning of susceptibility genes, we have studied the association of distal chromosome 2q with IDDM in the genetically distinct Japanese population. A 137 mobility unit (mu) allele at D2S137 locus was significantly associated with IDDM (odds ratio 1.92, p = 0.0016). Other markers, D2S301 and D2S143, located in the same region were not associated with IDDM, indicating that IDDM13 is in linkage disequilibrium with D2S137, but not with D2S301 or D2S143. The association of D2S137 with IDDM was observed in patients lacking one of two high risk HLA alleles, DQBI*0303 and DQBI*0401, but not in patients with either of these alleles. The frequency of high risk HLA alleles was significantly lower in patients with the susceptible allele at D2S137, suggesting that IDDMI3 contributes to IDDM susceptibility in subjects without high risk genotypes at IDDM1. Demonstration of allelic association of D2S137 with IDDM localizes IDDM13 in the close vicinity (<2 centiMorgans) of D2S137, greatly facilitating fine structure mapping and positional cloning of IDDM13.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
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49
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Kitagawa T, Owada M, Urakami T, Yamauchi K. Increased incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among Japanese schoolchildren correlates with an increased intake of animal protein and fat. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1998; 37:111-5. [PMID: 9492119 DOI: 10.1177/000992289803700208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) was diagnosed in 188 of more than 7 million Tokyo schoolchildren tested between 1974 and 1994 for glycosuria followed by oral glucose tolerance testing. The incidence rate of NIDDM in youth has continued to increase since 1976. While the daily energy intake has not changed significantly, the consumption of animal protein and fat by the Japanese population has greatly increased during the past two decades, and this change in diet, with low levels of physical activity, may exacerbate insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Kondoh K, Kobayashi T, Urakami T, Kasugai T. [A case of pedunculated intrathoracic chest wall type lipoma]. Kyobu Geka 1997; 50:1065-8. [PMID: 9388358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The case was a 52-year-old female. Though the abnormal shadow on the chest X ray film was pointed out in 1990, she had been observed as a benign intrathoracic tumor for one year and four months. But she was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation because the mass shadow enlarged subsequently. The mass shadow was suspected as intrathoracic lipoma by the CT and MRI. However, because the shadow enlarged and its inner part was not single density that was equal to subcutaneous adipose tissues, left thoracotomy was performed. The tumor was pedunculated from the fatty tissue of the fifth intercostal space near the tubercle of rib. It was easily resectable, encapsulated and measured 6.0 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm in size. It was histologically diagnosed as benign lipoma. Preoperative diagnosis of the present tumor became possible to a certain extent by means of CT and MRI. However, in view of imperfect differentiation between lipoma and liposarcoma, the surgical treatment should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kondoh
- Department of Respiratory Surgery, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Japan
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