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Gurung S, Karamched S, Perocheau D, Seunarine KK, Baldwin T, Alrashidi H, Touramanidou L, Duff C, Elkhateeb N, Stepien KM, Sharma R, Morris A, Hartley T, Crowther L, Grunewald S, Cleary M, Mundy H, Chakrapani A, Batzios S, Davison J, Footitt E, Tuschl K, Lachmann R, Murphy E, Santra S, Uudelepp ML, Yeo M, Finn PF, Cavedon A, Siddiqui S, Rice L, Martini PGV, Frassetto A, Heales S, Mills PB, Gissen P, Clayden JD, Clark CA, Eaton S, Kalber TL, Baruteau J. The incidence of movement disorder increases with age and contrasts with subtle and limited neuroimaging abnormalities in argininosuccinic aciduria. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023. [PMID: 38044746 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) is integral to the urea cycle detoxifying neurotoxic ammonia and the nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis cycle. Inherited ASL deficiency causes argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA), a rare disease with hyperammonemia and NO deficiency. Patients present with developmental delay, epilepsy and movement disorder, associated with NO-mediated downregulation of central catecholamine biosynthesis. A neurodegenerative phenotype has been proposed in ASA. To better characterise this neurodegenerative phenotype in ASA, we conducted a retrospective study in six paediatric and adult metabolic centres in the UK in 2022. We identified 60 patients and specifically looked for neurodegeneration-related symptoms: movement disorder such as ataxia, tremor and dystonia, hypotonia/fatigue and abnormal behaviour. We analysed neuroimaging with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an individual with ASA with movement disorders. We assessed conventional and DTI MRI alongside single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) with dopamine analogue radionuclide 123 I-ioflupane, in Asl-deficient mice treated by hASL mRNA with normalised ureagenesis. Movement disorders in ASA appear in the second and third decades of life, becoming more prevalent with ageing and independent from the age of onset of hyperammonemia. Neuroimaging can show abnormal DTI features affecting both grey and white matter, preferentially basal ganglia. ASA mouse model with normalised ureagenesis did not recapitulate these DTI findings and showed normal 123 I-ioflupane SPECT and cerebral dopamine metabolomics. Altogether these findings support the pathophysiology of a late-onset movement disorder with cell-autonomous functional central catecholamine dysregulation but without or limited neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons, making these symptoms amenable to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Gurung
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Saketh Karamched
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dany Perocheau
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kiran K Seunarine
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Baldwin
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Haya Alrashidi
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Loukia Touramanidou
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Duff
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nour Elkhateeb
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karolina M Stepien
- Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Reena Sharma
- Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Andrew Morris
- Willink Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Hartley
- Willink Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Crowther
- Willink Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Maureen Cleary
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Helen Mundy
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Spyros Batzios
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James Davison
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma Footitt
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Karin Tuschl
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Robin Lachmann
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Elaine Murphy
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Saikat Santra
- Clinical IMD, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Mildrid Yeo
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Rice
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Heales
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Clayden
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Clark
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Sciscione F, Guillaumé S, Aliev AE, Cook DT, Bronstein H, Hailes HC, Beard PC, Kalber TL, Ogunlade O, Tabor AB. EGFR-targeted semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for photoacoustic imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 91:117412. [PMID: 37473615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPN), formulated from organic semiconducting polymers and lipids, show promise as exogenous contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging (PAI). To fully realise the potential of this class of nanoparticles for imaging and therapeutic applications, a broad range of active targeting strategies, where ligands specific to receptors on the target cells are displayed on the SPN surface, are urgently needed. In addition, effective strategies for quantifying the level of surface modification are also needed to support development of ligand-targeted SPN. In this paper, we have developed methods to prepare SPN bearing peptides targeted to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR), which are overexpressed at the surface of a wide variety of cancer cell types. In addition to fully characterising these targeted nanoparticles by standard methods (UV-visible, photoacoustic absorption, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and SEM), we have developed a powerful new NMR method to determine the degree of conjugation and the number of targeting peptides attached to the SPN. Preliminary in vitro experiments with the colorectal cancer cell line LIM1215 indicated that the EGFR-targeting peptide conjugated SPN were either ineffective in delivering the SPN to the cells, or that the targeting peptide itself destabilised the formulation. This in reinforces the need for effective characterisation techniques to measure the surface accessibility of targeting ligands attached to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Sciscione
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Simon Guillaumé
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Declan T Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Paul C Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Olumide Ogunlade
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alethea B Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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3
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Baker RR, Payne C, Yu Y, Mohseni M, Connell JJ, Lin F, Harrison IF, Southern P, Rudrapatna US, Stuckey DJ, Kalber TL, Siow B, Thorne L, Punwani S, Jones DK, Emberton M, Pankhurst QA, Lythgoe MF. Image-Guided Magnetic Thermoseed Navigation and Tumor Ablation Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging System. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2105333. [PMID: 35106965 PMCID: PMC9036015 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Medical therapies achieve their control at expense to the patient in the form of a range of toxicities, which incur costs and diminish quality of life. Magnetic resonance navigation is an emergent technique that enables image-guided remote-control of magnetically labeled therapies and devices in the body, using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Minimally INvasive IMage-guided Ablation (MINIMA), a novel, minimally invasive, MRI-guided ablation technique, which has the potential to avoid traditional toxicities, is presented. It comprises a thermoseed navigated to a target site using magnetic propulsion gradients generated by an MRI scanner, before inducing localized cell death using an MR-compatible thermoablative device. The authors demonstrate precise thermoseed imaging and navigation through brain tissue using an MRI system (0.3 mm), and they perform thermoablation in vitro and in vivo within subcutaneous tumors, with the focal ablation volume finely controlled by heating duration. MINIMA is a novel theranostic platform, combining imaging, navigation, and heating to deliver diagnosis and therapy in a single device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Baker
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Christopher Payne
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Yichao Yu
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Matin Mohseni
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - John J. Connell
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Fangyu Lin
- Resonant Circuits Limited21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
| | - Ian F. Harrison
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Paul Southern
- Resonant Circuits Limited21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
| | - Umesh S. Rudrapatna
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging CentreMaindy RoadCardiffCF24 4HQUK
| | - Daniel J. Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Bernard Siow
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Lewis Thorne
- Victor Horsley Department of NeurosurgeryThe National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryQueen SquareLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Shonit Punwani
- Centre for Medical ImagingUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 43‐45 Foley StreetLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Derek K. Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging CentreMaindy RoadCardiffCF24 4HQUK
| | - Mark Emberton
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 43–45 Foley StreetLondonW1W 7JNUK
| | - Quentin A. Pankhurst
- Resonant Circuits Limited21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics LaboratoryUniversity College London21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
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4
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Yu Y, Payne C, Marina N, Korsak A, Southern P, García‐Prieto A, Christie IN, Baker RR, Fisher EMC, Wells JA, Kalber TL, Pankhurst QA, Gourine AV, Lythgoe MF. Remote and Selective Control of Astrocytes by Magnetomechanical Stimulation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104194. [PMID: 34927381 PMCID: PMC8867145 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes play crucial and diverse roles in brain health and disease. The ability to selectively control astrocytes provides a valuable tool for understanding their function and has the therapeutic potential to correct dysfunction. Existing technologies such as optogenetics and chemogenetics require the introduction of foreign proteins, which adds a layer of complication and hinders their clinical translation. A novel technique, magnetomechanical stimulation (MMS), that enables remote and selective control of astrocytes without genetic modification is described here. MMS exploits the mechanosensitivity of astrocytes and triggers mechanogated Ca2+ and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) signaling by applying a magnetic field to antibody-functionalized magnetic particles that are targeted to astrocytes. Using purpose-built magnetic devices, the mechanosensory threshold of astrocytes is determined, a sub-micrometer particle for effective MMS is identified, the in vivo fate of the particles is established, and cardiovascular responses are induced in rats after particles are delivered to specific brainstem astrocytes. By eliminating the need for device implantation and genetic modification, MMS is a method for controlling astroglial activity with an improved prospect for clinical application than existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Yu
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Christopher Payne
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Nephtali Marina
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic NeuroscienceResearch Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Alla Korsak
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic NeuroscienceResearch Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Paul Southern
- Healthcare Biomagnetics LaboratoryUniversity College London21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
| | - Ana García‐Prieto
- Healthcare Biomagnetics LaboratoryUniversity College London21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
- Departamento Física Aplicada IUniversidad del País VascoBilbao48013Spain
| | - Isabel N. Christie
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic NeuroscienceResearch Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Rebecca R. Baker
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesQueen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonQueen SquareLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Jack A. Wells
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Quentin A. Pankhurst
- Healthcare Biomagnetics LaboratoryUniversity College London21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
| | - Alexander V. Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic NeuroscienceResearch Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
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5
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Bofinger R, Weitsman G, Evans R, Glaser M, Sander K, Allan H, Hochhauser D, Kalber TL, Årstad E, Hailes HC, Ng T, Tabor AB. Drug delivery, biodistribution and anti-EGFR activity: theragnostic nanoparticles for simultaneous in vivo delivery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and kinase activity biosensors. Nanoscale 2021; 13:18520-18535. [PMID: 34730152 PMCID: PMC8601123 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02770k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In vivo delivery of small molecule therapeutics to cancer cells, assessment of the selectivity of administration, and measuring the efficacity of the drug in question at the molecule level, are important ongoing challenges in developing new classes of cancer chemotherapeutics. One approach that has the potential to provide targeted delivery, tracking of biodistribution and readout of efficacy, is to use multimodal theragnostic nanoparticles to deliver the small molecule therapeutic. In this paper, we report the development of targeted theragnostic lipid/peptide/DNA lipopolyplexes. These simultaneously deliver an inhibitor of the EGFR tyrosine kinase, and plasmid DNA coding for a Crk-based biosensor, Picchu-X, which when expressed in the target cells can be used to quantify the inhibition of EGFR in vivo in a mouse colorectal cancer xenograft model. Reversible bioconjugation of a known analogue of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Mo-IPQA to a cationic peptide, and co-formulation with peptides containing both EGFR-binding and cationic sequences, allowed for good levels of inhibitor encapsulation with targeted delivery to LIM1215 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, high levels of expression of the Picchu-X biosensor in the LIM1215 cells in vivo allowed us to demonstrate, using fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM)-based biosensing, that EGFR activity can be successfully suppressed by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, released from the lipopolyplexes. Finally, we measured the biodistribution of lipopolyplexes containing 125I-labelled inhibitors and were able to demonstrate that the lipopolyplexes gave significantly higher drug delivery to the tumors compared with free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bofinger
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Gregory Weitsman
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Rachel Evans
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Matthias Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kathleen Lonsdale Building, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kathleen Lonsdale Building, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Helen Allan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Erik Årstad
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kathleen Lonsdale Building, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Alethea B Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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6
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Pyrć K, Milewska A, Duran EB, Botwina P, Dabrowska A, Jedrysik M, Benedyk M, Lopes R, Arenas-Pinto A, Badr M, Mellor R, Kalber TL, Fernandez-Reyes D, Schätzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. SARS-CoV-2 inhibition using a mucoadhesive, amphiphilic chitosan that may serve as an anti-viral nasal spray. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20012. [PMID: 34625610 PMCID: PMC8501059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no cures for coronavirus infections, making the prevention of infections the only course open at the present time. The COVID-19 pandemic has been difficult to prevent, as the infection is spread by respiratory droplets and thus effective, scalable and safe preventive interventions are urgently needed. We hypothesise that preventing viral entry into mammalian nasal epithelial cells may be one way to limit the spread of COVID-19. Here we show that N-palmitoyl-N-monomethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-6-O-glycolchitosan (GCPQ), a positively charged polymer that has been through an extensive Good Laboratory Practice toxicology screen, is able to reduce the infectivity of SARS-COV-2 in A549ACE2+ and Vero E6 cells with a log removal value of - 3 to - 4 at a concentration of 10-100 μg/ mL (p < 0.05 compared to untreated controls) and to limit infectivity in human airway epithelial cells at a concentration of 500 μg/ mL (p < 0.05 compared to untreated controls). In vivo studies using transgenic mice expressing the ACE-2 receptor, dosed nasally with SARS-COV-2 (426,000 TCID50/mL) showed a trend for nasal GCPQ (20 mg/kg) to inhibit viral load in the respiratory tract and brain, although the study was not powered to detect statistical significance. GCPQ's electrostatic binding to the virus, preventing viral entry into the host cells, is the most likely mechanism of viral inhibition. Radiolabelled GCPQ studies in mice show that at a dose of 10 mg/kg, GCPQ has a long residence time in mouse nares, with 13.1% of the injected dose identified from SPECT/CT in the nares, 24 h after nasal dosing. With a no observed adverse effect level of 18 mg/kg in rats, following a 28-day repeat dose study, clinical testing of this polymer, as a COVID-19 prophylactic is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pyrć
- Laboratory of Virology and ABSL3 Animal Facility at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Milewska
- Laboratory of Virology and ABSL3 Animal Facility at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Emilia Barreto Duran
- Laboratory of Virology and ABSL3 Animal Facility at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Botwina
- Laboratory of Virology and ABSL3 Animal Facility at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dabrowska
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malwina Jedrysik
- Laboratory of Virology and ABSL3 Animal Facility at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Benedyk
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rui Lopes
- Nanomerics Ltd., 6th Floor, 2 London Wall Place, London, EC2Y 5AU, UK
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alejandro Arenas-Pinto
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, UCL Institute for Global Health, Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
- MRC-Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, 90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Moutaz Badr
- Nanomerics Ltd., 6th Floor, 2 London Wall Place, London, EC2Y 5AU, UK
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Ryan Mellor
- Nanomerics Ltd., 6th Floor, 2 London Wall Place, London, EC2Y 5AU, UK
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | - Andreas G Schätzlein
- Nanomerics Ltd., 6th Floor, 2 London Wall Place, London, EC2Y 5AU, UK
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Ijeoma F Uchegbu
- Nanomerics Ltd., 6th Floor, 2 London Wall Place, London, EC2Y 5AU, UK.
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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7
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Sander K, Gendron T, Cybulska KA, Sirindil F, Zhou J, Kalber TL, Lythgoe MF, Kurzawinski TR, Brown MJ, Williams B, Årstad E. Development of [ 18F]AldoView as the First Highly Selective Aldosterone Synthase PET Tracer for Imaging of Primary Hyperaldosteronism. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9321-9329. [PMID: 34137616 PMCID: PMC8273890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to synthesize a fluorine-18 labeled, highly selective aldosterone synthase (hCYP11B2) inhibitor, [18F]AldoView, and to assess its potential for the detection of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) with positron emission tomography in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA). Using dibenzothiophene sulfonium salt chemistry, [18F]AldoView was obtained in high radiochemical yield in one step from [18F]fluoride. In mice, the tracer showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, including rapid distribution and clearance. Imaging in the adrenal tissue from patients with PHA revealed diffuse binding patterns in the adrenal cortex, avid binding in some adenomas, and "hot spots" consistent with aldosterone-producing cell clusters. The binding pattern was in good visual agreement with the antibody staining of hCYP11B2 and distinguished areas with normal and excessive hCYP11B2 expression. Taken together, [18F]AldoView is a promising tracer for the detection of APAs in patients with PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, U.K
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, U.K
| | - Klaudia A Cybulska
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, U.K
| | - Fatih Sirindil
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, U.K
| | - Junhua Zhou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Tom R Kurzawinski
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, U.K
| | - Morris J Brown
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K
| | - Bryan Williams
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, U.K.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Erik Årstad
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, U.K
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8
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Carter TJ, Agliardi G, Lin FY, Ellis M, Jones C, Robson M, Richard-Londt A, Southern P, Lythgoe M, Zaw Thin M, Ryzhov V, de Rosales RTM, Gruettner C, Abdollah MRA, Pedley RB, Pankhurst QA, Kalber TL, Brandner S, Quezada S, Mulholland P, Shevtsov M, Chester K. Potential of Magnetic Hyperthermia to Stimulate Localized Immune Activation. Small 2021; 17:e2005241. [PMID: 33734595 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) harnesses the heat-releasing properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and has potential to stimulate immune activation in the tumor microenvironment whilst sparing surrounding normal tissues. To assess feasibility of localized MH in vivo, SPIONs are injected intratumorally and their fate tracked by Zirconium-89-positron emission tomography, histological analysis, and electron microscopy. Experiments show that an average of 49% (21-87%, n = 9) of SPIONs are retained within the tumor or immediately surrounding tissue. In situ heating is subsequently generated by exposure to an externally applied alternating magnetic field and monitored by thermal imaging. Tissue response to hyperthermia, measured by immunohistochemical image analysis, reveals specific and localized heat-shock protein expression following treatment. Tumor growth inhibition is also observed. To evaluate the potential effects of MH on the immune landscape, flow cytometry is used to characterize immune cells from excised tumors and draining lymph nodes. Results show an influx of activated cytotoxic T cells, alongside an increase in proliferating regulatory T cells, following treatment. Complementary changes are found in draining lymph nodes. In conclusion, results indicate that biologically reactive MH is achievable in vivo and can generate localized changes consistent with an anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Carter
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Giulia Agliardi
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Fang-Yu Lin
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, 21 Albermarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Matthew Ellis
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Clare Jones
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London (KCL), St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mathew Robson
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Angela Richard-Londt
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Paul Southern
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, 21 Albermarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
- Resonant Circuits Limited (RCL), London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Mark Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Vyacheslav Ryzhov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, 188300, Russia
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London (KCL), St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Cordula Gruettner
- Micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, Rostock, D-18119, Germany
| | - Maha R A Abdollah
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Shorouk City, Misr- Ismalia Desert Road, 11873, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R Barbara Pedley
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Quentin A Pankhurst
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, 21 Albermarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
- Resonant Circuits Limited (RCL), London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sergio Quezada
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Paul Mulholland
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, 188300, Russia
- Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Kerry Chester
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
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9
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Horgan CC, Bergholt MS, Thin MZ, Nagelkerke A, Kennedy R, Kalber TL, Stuckey DJ, Stevens MM. Image-guided Raman spectroscopy probe-tracking for tumor margin delineation. J Biomed Opt 2021; 26:JBO-200321R. [PMID: 33715315 PMCID: PMC7960531 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.036002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Tumor detection and margin delineation are essential for successful tumor resection. However, postsurgical positive margin rates remain high for many cancers. Raman spectroscopy has shown promise as a highly accurate clinical spectroscopic diagnostic modality, but its margin delineation capabilities are severely limited by the need for pointwise application. AIM We aim to extend Raman spectroscopic diagnostics and develop a multimodal computer vision-based diagnostic system capable of both the detection and identification of suspicious lesions and the precise delineation of disease margins. APPROACH We first apply visual tracking of a Raman spectroscopic probe to achieve real-time tumor margin delineation. We then combine this system with protoporphyrin IX fluorescence imaging to achieve fluorescence-guided Raman spectroscopic margin delineation. RESULTS Our system enables real-time Raman spectroscopic tumor margin delineation for both ex vivo human tumor biopsies and an in vivo tumor xenograft mouse model. We then further demonstrate that the addition of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence imaging enables fluorescence-guided Raman spectroscopic margin delineation in a tissue phantom model. CONCLUSIONS Our image-guided Raman spectroscopic probe-tracking system enables tumor margin delineation and is compatible with both white light and fluorescence image guidance, demonstrating the potential for our system to be developed toward clinical tumor resection surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor C. Horgan
- Imperial College London, Department of Materials, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mads S. Bergholt
- Imperial College London, Department of Materials, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - May Zaw Thin
- University College London, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Imperial College London, Department of Materials, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Kennedy
- King’s College London, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Oral/Head and Neck Pathology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- University College London, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Stuckey
- University College London, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Imperial College London, Department of Materials, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Paliashvili K, Popov A, Kalber TL, Patrick PS, Hayes A, Henley A, Raynaud FI, Ahmed HU, Day RM. Peritumoral Delivery of Docetaxel-TIPS Microparticles for Prostate Cancer Adjuvant Therapy. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2021; 4:2000179. [PMID: 34527807 PMCID: PMC8427470 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy is a consequence of incomplete tumor resection. Systemic chemotherapy after surgery is associated with significant toxicity. Improved delivery methods for toxic drugs capable of targeting positive resection margins can reduce tumor recurrence and avoid their known toxicity. This study evaluates the effectiveness and toxicity of docetaxel (DTX) release from highly porous biodegradable microparticles intended for delivery into the tissue cavity created during radical prostatectomy to target residual tumor cells. The microparticles, composed of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), are processed using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and loaded with DTX via antisolvent precipitation. Sustained drug release and effective toxicity in vitro are observed against PC3 human prostate cells. Peritumoral injection in a PC3 xenograft tumor model results in tumor growth inhibition equivalent to that achieved with intravenous delivery of DTX. Unlike intravenous delivery of DTX, implantation of DTX-TIPS microparticles is not accompanied by toxicity or elevated systemic levels of DTX in organ tissues or plasma. DTX-TIPS microparticles provide localized and sustained release of nontoxic therapeutic amounts of DTX. This may offer novel therapeutic strategies for improving management of patients with clinically localized high-risk disease requiring radical prostatectomy and other solid cancers at high risk of positive resection margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketevan Paliashvili
- Centre for Precision HealthcareUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Alexander Popov
- Centre for Precision HealthcareUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and MetabolomicsCancer Research UK Cancer TherapeuticsUnit at The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Cancer Therapeutics15 Cotswold RoadSuttonLondonSM2 5NGUK
| | - Alan Henley
- Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and MetabolomicsCancer Research UK Cancer TherapeuticsUnit at The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Cancer Therapeutics15 Cotswold RoadSuttonLondonSM2 5NGUK
| | - Florence I. Raynaud
- Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and MetabolomicsCancer Research UK Cancer TherapeuticsUnit at The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Cancer Therapeutics15 Cotswold RoadSuttonLondonSM2 5NGUK
| | - Hashim U. Ahmed
- Division of SurgeryDepartment of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Richard M. Day
- Centre for Precision HealthcareUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
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11
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Agliardi G, Liuzzi AR, Hotblack A, De Feo D, Núñez N, Stowe CL, Friebel E, Nannini F, Rindlisbacher L, Roberts TA, Ramasawmy R, Williams IP, Siow BM, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL, Quezada SA, Pule MA, Tugues S, Straathof K, Becher B. Intratumoral IL-12 delivery empowers CAR-T cell immunotherapy in a pre-clinical model of glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:444. [PMID: 33469002 PMCID: PMC7815781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain cancer, for which effective therapies are urgently needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic approach, but it is often impeded by highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME). Here, in an immunocompetent, orthotopic GBM mouse model, we show that CAR-T cells targeting tumor-specific epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) alone fail to control fully established tumors but, when combined with a single, locally delivered dose of IL-12, achieve durable anti-tumor responses. IL-12 not only boosts cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells, but also reshapes the TME, driving increased infiltration of proinflammatory CD4+ T cells, decreased numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg), and activation of the myeloid compartment. Importantly, the immunotherapy-enabling benefits of IL-12 are achieved with minimal systemic effects. Our findings thus show that local delivery of IL-12 may be an effective adjuvant for CAR-T cell therapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Agliardi
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Anna Rita Liuzzi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alastair Hotblack
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolás Núñez
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cassandra L Stowe
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Ekaterina Friebel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Nannini
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Lukas Rindlisbacher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Roberts
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Iwan P Williams
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Bernard M Siow
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Martin A Pule
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Straathof
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK.
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, WC1N 1EH, London, UK.
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Horgan CC, Bergholt MS, Nagelkerke A, Thin MZ, Pence IJ, Kauscher U, Kalber TL, Stuckey DJ, Stevens MM. Integrated photodynamic Raman theranostic system for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and post-treatment molecular monitoring. Theranostics 2021; 11:2006-2019. [PMID: 33408795 PMCID: PMC7778600 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostics, the combination of diagnosis and therapy, has long held promise as a means to achieving personalised precision cancer treatments. However, despite its potential, theranostics has yet to realise significant clinical translation, largely due the complexity and overriding toxicity concerns of existing theranostic nanoparticle strategies. Methods: Here, we present an alternative nanoparticle-free theranostic approach based on simultaneous Raman spectroscopy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in an integrated clinical platform for cancer theranostics. Results: We detail the compatibility of Raman spectroscopy and PDT for cancer theranostics, whereby Raman spectroscopic diagnosis can be performed on PDT photosensitiser-positive cells and tissues without inadvertent photosensitiser activation/photobleaching or impaired diagnostic capacity. We further demonstrate that our theranostic platform enables in vivo tumour diagnosis, treatment, and post-treatment molecular monitoring in real-time. Conclusion: This system thus achieves effective theranostic performance, providing a promising new avenue towards the clinical realisation of theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor C. Horgan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mads S. Bergholt
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Isaac J. Pence
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ulrike Kauscher
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Daniel J. Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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13
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Zaw Thin M, Allan H, Bofinger R, Kostelec TD, Guillaume S, Connell JJ, Patrick PS, Hailes HC, Tabor AB, Lythgoe MF, Stuckey DJ, Kalber TL. Multi-modal imaging probe for assessing the efficiency of stem cell delivery to orthotopic breast tumours. Nanoscale 2020; 12:16570-16585. [PMID: 32749427 PMCID: PMC7586303 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been utilised as anti-cancer agents due to their ability to home to and integrate within tumours. Methods to augment stem cell homing to tumours are being investigated with the goal of enhancing treatment efficacy. However, it is currently not possible to evaluate both cell localisation and cell viability after engraftment, hindering optimisation of therapy. In this study, luciferase-expressing human adipocyte-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were incubated with Indium-111 radiolabelled iron oxide nanoparticles to produce cells with tri-modal imaging capabilities. ADSCs were administered intravenously (IV) or intracardially (IC) to mice bearing orthotopic breast tumours. Cell fate was monitored using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) as a measure of cell viability, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for cell localisation and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) for cell quantification. Serial monitoring with multi-modal imaging showed the presence of viable ADSCs within tumours as early as 1-hour post IC injection and the percentage of ADSCs within tumours to be 2-fold higher after IC than IV. Finally, histological analysis was used to validate engraftment of ADSC within tumour tissue. These findings demonstrate that multi-modal imaging can be used to evaluate the efficiency of stem cell delivery to tumours and that IC cell administration is more effective for tumour targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Zaw Thin
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Helen Allan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Robin Bofinger
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Tomas D Kostelec
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Simon Guillaume
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - John J Connell
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Alethea B Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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14
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Patrick PS, Kolluri KK, Zaw Thin M, Edwards A, Sage EK, Sanderson T, Weil BD, Dickson JC, Lythgoe MF, Lowdell M, Janes SM, Kalber TL. Lung delivery of MSCs expressing anti-cancer protein TRAIL visualised with 89Zr-oxine PET-CT. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:256. [PMID: 32586403 PMCID: PMC7318529 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MSCTRAIL is a cell-based therapy consisting of human allogeneic umbilical cord-derived MSCs genetically modified to express the anti-cancer protein TRAIL. Though cell-based therapies are typically designed with a target tissue in mind, delivery is rarely assessed due to a lack of translatable non-invasive imaging approaches. In this preclinical study, we demonstrate 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET-CT imaging as a potential clinical solution for non-invasively tracking MSCTRAIL biodistribution. Future implementation of this technique should improve our understanding of MSCTRAIL during its evaluation as a therapy for metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS MSCTRAIL were radiolabelled with 89Zr-oxine and assayed for viability, phenotype, and therapeutic efficacy post-labelling. PET-CT imaging of 89Zr-oxine-labelled MSCTRAIL was performed in a mouse model of lung cancer following intravenous injection, and biodistribution was confirmed ex vivo. RESULTS MSCTRAIL retained the therapeutic efficacy and MSC phenotype in vitro at labelling amounts up to and above those required for clinical imaging. The effect of 89Zr-oxine labelling on cell proliferation rate was amount- and time-dependent. PET-CT imaging showed delivery of MSCTRAIL to the lungs in a mouse model of lung cancer up to 1 week post-injection, validated by in vivo bioluminescence imaging, autoradiography, and fluorescence imaging on tissue sections. CONCLUSIONS 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET-CT imaging present a potential method of evaluating the biodistribution of new cell therapies in patients, including MSCTRAIL. This offers to improve understanding of cell therapies, including mechanism of action, migration dynamics, and inter-patient variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Krishna K Kolluri
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Edwards
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Sage
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Sanderson
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin D Weil
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - John C Dickson
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Lowdell
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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15
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Patrick PS, Bear JC, Fitzke HE, Zaw-Thin M, Parkin IP, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL, Stuckey DJ. Radio-metal cross-linking of alginate hydrogels for non-invasive in vivo imaging. Biomaterials 2020; 243:119930. [PMID: 32171101 PMCID: PMC7103761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alginate hydrogels are cross-linked polymers with high water content, tuneable chemical and material properties, and a range of biomedical applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell therapy. However, their similarity to soft tissue often renders them undetectable within the body using conventional bio-medical imaging techniques. This leaves much unknown about their behaviour in vivo, posing a challenge to therapy development and validation. To address this, we report a novel, fast, and simple method of incorporating the nuclear imaging radio-metal 111In into the structure of alginate hydrogels by utilising its previously-undescribed capacity as an ionic cross-linking agent. This enabled non-invasive in vivo nuclear imaging of hydrogel delivery and retention across the whole body, over time, and across a range of model therapies including: nasal and oral drug delivery, stem cell transplantation, and cardiac tissue engineering. This information will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic hydrogel formulations, encompassing alginate, across disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Joseph C Bear
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Heather E Fitzke
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - May Zaw-Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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16
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Stowe CL, Burley TA, Allan H, Vinci M, Kramer-Marek G, Ciobota DM, Parkinson GN, Southworth TL, Agliardi G, Hotblack A, Lythgoe MF, Branchini BR, Kalber TL, Anderson JC, Pule MA. Near-infrared dual bioluminescence imaging in mouse models of cancer using infraluciferin. eLife 2019; 8:e45801. [PMID: 31610848 PMCID: PMC6828332 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is ubiquitous in scientific research for the sensitive tracking of biological processes in small animal models. However, due to the attenuation of visible light by tissue, and the limited set of near-infrared bioluminescent enzymes, BLI is largely restricted to monitoring single processes in vivo. Here we show, that by combining stabilised colour mutants of firefly luciferase (FLuc) with the luciferin (LH2) analogue infraluciferin (iLH2), near-infrared dual BLI can be achieved in vivo. The X-ray crystal structure of FLuc with a high-energy intermediate analogue, 5'-O-[N-(dehydroinfraluciferyl)sulfamoyl] adenosine (iDLSA) provides insight into the FLuc-iLH2 reaction leading to near-infrared light emission. The spectral characterisation and unmixing validation studies reported here established that iLH2 is superior to LH2 for the spectral unmixing of bioluminescent signals in vivo; which led to this novel near-infrared dual BLI system being applied to monitor both tumour burden and CAR T cell therapy within a systemically induced mouse tumour model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Stowe
- Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Helen Allan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Vinci
- The Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Giulia Agliardi
- Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James C Anderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin A Pule
- Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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17
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Patrick PS, Bogart LK, Macdonald TJ, Southern P, Powell MJ, Zaw-Thin M, Voelcker NH, Parkin IP, Pankhurst QA, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL, Bear JC. Surface radio-mineralisation mediates chelate-free radiolabelling of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2592-2597. [PMID: 30996974 PMCID: PMC6419938 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce the concept of surface radio-mineralisation (SRM) to describe the chelate-free radiolabelling of iron-oxide and ferrite nanoparticles. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SRM with both 111In and 89Zr for bare, polymer-matrix multicore, and surface-functionalised magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles; and for bare Y3Fe5O12 nanoparticles. By analogy with geological mineralisation (the hydrothermal deposition of metals as minerals in ore bodies or lodes) we demonstrate that the heat-induced and aqueous SRM process deposits radiometal-oxides onto the nanoparticle or core surfaces, passing through the matrix or coating if present, without changing the size, structure, or magnetic properties of the nanoparticle or core. We show in a mouse model followed over 7 days that the SRM is sufficient to allow quantitative, non-invasive, prolonged, whole-body localisation of injected nanoparticles with nuclear imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Lara K Bogart
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory , 21 Albemarle Street , London , W1S 4BS , UK
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Materials Chemistry Centre , Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Paul Southern
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory , 21 Albemarle Street , London , W1S 4BS , UK
| | - Michael J Powell
- Materials Chemistry Centre , Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - May Zaw-Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Clayton , Australia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Centre , Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Quentin A Pankhurst
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory , 21 Albemarle Street , London , W1S 4BS , UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Joseph C Bear
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry , Kingston University , Penrhyn Road , Kingston upon Thames , KT1 2EE , UK .
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18
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Ogunlade O, Ho JO, Kalber TL, Hynds RE, Zhang E, Janes SM, Birchall MA, Butler CR, Beard P. Monitoring neovascularization and integration of decellularized human scaffolds using photoacoustic imaging. Photoacoustics 2019; 13:76-84. [PMID: 30805295 PMCID: PMC6374504 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine that aims to manipulate cells and scaffolds to create bioartificial tissues and organs for patients. A major challenge lies in monitoring the blood supply to the new tissue following transplantation: the integration and neovascularization of scaffolds in vivo is critical to their functionality. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a laser-generated ultrasound-based technique that is particularly well suited to visualising microvasculature due to the high optical absorption of haemoglobin. Here, we describe an early proof-of-concept study in which PAI in widefield tomography mode is used to image biological, decellularized human tracheal scaffolds. We found that PAI allowed the longitudinal tracking of scaffold integration into subcutaneous murine tissue with high spatial resolution at depth over an extended period of time. The results of the study were consistent with post-imaging histological analyses, demonstrating that PAI can be used to non-invasively monitor the extent of vascularization in biological tissue-engineered scaffolds. We propose that this technique may be a valuable tool for studies designed to test interventions aimed at improving the speed and extent of scaffold neovascularization in tissue engineering. With technological refinement, it could also permit in vivo monitoring of revascularization in patients, for example to determine timing of heterotopic graft transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide Ogunlade
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Tammy L. Kalber
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Robert E. Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edward Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Colin R. Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Beard
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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19
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Bofinger R, Zaw‐Thin M, Mitchell NJ, Patrick PS, Stowe C, Gomez‐Ramirez A, Hailes HC, Kalber TL, Tabor AB. Development of lipopolyplexes for gene delivery: A comparison of the effects of differing modes of targeting peptide display on the structure and transfection activities of lipopolyplexes. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3131. [PMID: 30325562 PMCID: PMC6282963 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and formulation of non-viral gene delivery vectors is an area of renewed research interest. Amongst the most efficient non-viral gene delivery systems are lipopolyplexes, in which cationic peptides are co-formulated with plasmid DNA and lipids. One advantage of lipopolyplex vectors is that they have the potential to be targeted to specific cell types by attaching peptide targeting ligands on the surface, thus increasing both the transfection efficiency and selectivity for disease targets such as cancer cells. In this paper, we have investigated two different modes of displaying cell-specific peptide targeting ligands at the surface of lipopolyplexes. Lipopolyplexes formulated with bimodal peptides, with both receptor binding and DNA condensing sequences, were compared with lipopolyplexes with the peptide targeting ligand directly conjugated to one of the lipids. Three EGFR targeting peptide sequences were studied, together with a range of lipid formulations and maleimide lipid structures. The biophysical properties of the lipopolyplexes and their transfection efficiencies in a basal-like breast cancer cell line were investigated using plasmid DNA bearing genes for the expression of firefly luciferase and green fluorescent protein. Fluorescence quenching experiments were also used to probe the macromolecular organisation of the peptide and pDNA components of the lipopolyplexes. We demonstrated that both approaches to lipopolyplex targeting give reasonable transfection efficiencies, and the transfection efficiency of each lipopolyplex formulation is highly dependent on the sequence of the targeting peptide. To achieve maximum therapeutic efficiency, different peptide targeting sequences and lipopolyplex architectures should be investigated for each target cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bofinger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20, Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - May Zaw‐Thin
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Nicholas J. Mitchell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20, Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Cassandra Stowe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Ana Gomez‐Ramirez
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20, Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Alethea B. Tabor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20, Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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20
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Jackson R, Patrick PS, Page K, Powell MJ, Lythgoe MF, Miodownik MA, Parkin IP, Carmalt CJ, Kalber TL, Bear JC. Chemically Treated 3D Printed Polymer Scaffolds for Biomineral Formation. ACS Omega 2018; 3:4342-4351. [PMID: 29732454 PMCID: PMC5928486 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis of nylon-12 scaffolds by 3D printing and demonstrate their versatility as matrices for cell growth, differentiation, and biomineral formation. We demonstrate that the porous nature of the printed parts makes them ideal for the direct incorporation of preformed nanomaterials or material precursors, leading to nanocomposites with very different properties and environments for cell growth. Additives such as those derived from sources such as tetraethyl orthosilicate applied at a low temperature promote successful cell growth, due partly to the high surface area of the porous matrix. The incorporation of presynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles led to a material that showed rapid heating in response to an applied ac magnetic field, an excellent property for use in gene expression and, with further improvement, chemical-free sterilization. These methods also avoid changing polymer feedstocks and contaminating or even damaging commonly used selective laser sintering printers. The chemically treated 3D printed matrices presented herein have great potential for use in addressing current issues surrounding bone grafting, implants, and skeletal repair, and a wide variety of possible incorporated material combinations could impact many other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard
J. Jackson
- UCL
Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, The
Royal Institution of Great Britain, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, U.K.
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- Centre
for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Department of Medicine and
Institute of Child Health, University College
London, London WC1E 6DD, U.K.
| | - Kristopher Page
- Materials
Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Powell
- Materials
Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre
for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Department of Medicine and
Institute of Child Health, University College
London, London WC1E 6DD, U.K.
| | - Mark A. Miodownik
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University College
London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials
Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Claire J. Carmalt
- Materials
Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre
for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Department of Medicine and
Institute of Child Health, University College
London, London WC1E 6DD, U.K.
| | - Joseph C. Bear
- School
of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, U.K.
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21
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Abdollah MRA, Carter TJ, Jones C, Kalber TL, Rajkumar V, Tolner B, Gruettner C, Zaw-Thin M, Baguña Torres J, Ellis M, Robson M, Pedley RB, Mulholland P, T M de Rosales R, Chester KA. Fucoidan Prolongs the Circulation Time of Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2018; 12:1156-1169. [PMID: 29341587 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic properties and safety of dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have facilitated their clinical use as MRI contrast agents and stimulated research on applications for SPIONs in particle imaging and magnetic hyperthermia. The wider clinical potential of SPIONs, however, has been limited by their rapid removal from circulation via the reticuloendothelial system (RES). We explored the possibility of extending SPION circulatory time using fucoidan, a seaweed-derived food supplement, to inhibit RES uptake. The effects of fucoidan on SPION biodistribution were evaluated using ferucarbotran, which in its pharmaceutical formulation (Resovist) targets the RES. Ferucarbotran was radiolabeled at the iron oxide core with technetium-99m (99mTc; t1/2 = 6 h) or zirconium-89 (89Zr; t1/2 = 3.3 days). Results obtained with 99mTc-ferucarbotran demonstrated that administration of fucoidan led to a 4-fold increase in the circulatory half-life (t1/2 slow) from 37.4 to 150 min (n = 4; P < 0.0001). To investigate whether a longer circulatory half-life could lead to concomitant increased tumor uptake, the effects of fucoidan were tested with 89Zr-ferucarbotran in mice bearing syngeneic subcutaneous (GL261) tumors. In this model, the longer circulatory half-life achieved with fucoidan was associated with a doubling in tumor SPION uptake (n = 5; P < 0.001). Fucoidan was also effective in significantly increasing the circulatory half-life of perimag-COOH, a commercially available SPION with a larger hydrodynamic size (130 nm) than ferucarbotran (65 nm). These findings indicate successful diversion of SPIONs away from the hepatic RES and show realistic potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha R A Abdollah
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL) , Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6JD, U.K
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE) , El Shorouk City, Misr- Ismalia Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Thomas J Carter
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL) , Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6JD, U.K
| | - Clare Jones
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London (KCL) , St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London , London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Vineeth Rajkumar
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL) , Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6JD, U.K
| | - Berend Tolner
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL) , Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6JD, U.K
| | - Cordula Gruettner
- Micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH , Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - May Zaw-Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London , London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Julia Baguña Torres
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London (KCL) , St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Matthew Ellis
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology (ION), University College London (UCL) , Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Mathew Robson
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL) , Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6JD, U.K
| | - R Barbara Pedley
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL) , Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6JD, U.K
| | - Paul Mulholland
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL) , Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6JD, U.K
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London (KCL) , St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Kerry Ann Chester
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL) , Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6JD, U.K
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22
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Weitsman G, Mitchell NJ, Evans R, Cheung A, Kalber TL, Bofinger R, Fruhwirth GO, Keppler M, Wright ZVF, Barber PR, Gordon P, de Koning T, Wulaningsih W, Sander K, Vojnovic B, Ameer-Beg S, Lythgoe M, Arnold JN, Årstad E, Festy F, Hailes HC, Tabor AB, Ng T. Detecting intratumoral heterogeneity of EGFR activity by liposome-based in vivo transfection of a fluorescent biosensor. Oncogene 2017; 36:3618-3628. [PMID: 28166195 PMCID: PMC5421598 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling field, and many targeted anti-cancer drugs that have been tested clinically, the success rate for these agents in the clinic is low, particularly in terms of the improvement of overall survival. Intratumoral heterogeneity is proposed as a major mechanism underlying treatment failure of these molecule-targeted agents. Here we highlight the application of fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM)-based biosensing to demonstrate intratumoral heterogeneity of EGFR activity. For sensing EGFR activity in cells, we used a genetically encoded CrkII-based biosensor which undergoes conformational changes upon tyrosine-221 phosphorylation by EGFR. We transfected this biosensor into EGFR-positive tumour cells using targeted lipopolyplexes bearing EGFR-binding peptides at their surfaces. In a murine model of basal-like breast cancer, we demonstrated a significant degree of intratumoral heterogeneity in EGFR activity, as well as the pharmacodynamic effect of a radionuclide-labeled EGFR inhibitor in situ. Furthermore, a significant correlation between high EGFR activity in tumour cells and macrophage-tumour cell proximity was found to in part account for the intratumoral heterogeneity in EGFR activity observed. The same effect of macrophage infiltrate on EGFR activation was also seen in a colorectal cancer xenograft. In contrast, a non-small cell lung cancer xenograft expressing a constitutively active EGFR conformational mutant exhibited macrophage proximity-independent EGFR activity. Our study validates the use of this methodology to monitor therapeutic response in terms of EGFR activity. In addition, we found iNOS gene induction in macrophages that are cultured in tumour cell-conditioned media as well as an iNOS activity-dependent increase in EGFR activity in tumour cells. These findings point towards an immune microenvironment-mediated regulation that gives rise to the observed intratumoral heterogeneity of EGFR signalling activity in tumour cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Weitsman
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, UK
| | - N J Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Evans
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, UK
| | - A Cheung
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - T L Kalber
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Bofinger
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - G O Fruhwirth
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, UK
| | - M Keppler
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, UK
| | - Z V F Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - P R Barber
- Gray Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
| | - P Gordon
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - T de Koning
- Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, UK
| | - W Wulaningsih
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - K Sander
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - B Vojnovic
- Gray Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
| | - S Ameer-Beg
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, UK
| | - M Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - J N Arnold
- Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, UK
| | - E Årstad
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Festy
- King’s College London Dental Institute, Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - H C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - A B Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King’s College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Kalber TL, Ordidge KL, Southern P, Loebinger MR, Kyrtatos PG, Pankhurst QA, Lythgoe MF, Janes SM. Hyperthermia treatment of tumors by mesenchymal stem cell-delivered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1973-83. [PMID: 27274229 PMCID: PMC4869665 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s94255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia – a potential cancer treatment in which superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are made to resonantly respond to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) and thereby produce heat – is of significant current interest. We have previously shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be labeled with SPIONs with no effect on cell proliferation or survival and that within an hour of systemic administration, they migrate to and integrate into tumors in vivo. Here, we report on some longer term (up to 3 weeks) post-integration characteristics of magnetically labeled human MSCs in an immunocompromized mouse model. We initially assessed how the size and coating of SPIONs dictated the loading capacity and cellular heating of MSCs. Ferucarbotran® was the best of those tested, having the best like-for-like heating capability and being the only one to retain that capability after cell internalization. A mouse model was created by subcutaneous flank injection of a combination of 0.5 million Ferucarbotran-loaded MSCs and 1.0 million OVCAR-3 ovarian tumor cells. After 2 weeks, the tumors reached ~100 µL in volume and then entered a rapid growth phase over the third week to reach ~300 µL. In the control mice that received no AMF treatment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data showed that the labeled MSCs were both incorporated into and retained within the tumors over the entire 3-week period. In the AMF-treated mice, heat increases of ~4°C were observed during the first application, after which MRI indicated a loss of negative contrast, suggesting that the MSCs had died and been cleared from the tumor. This post-AMF removal of cells was confirmed by histological examination and also by a reduced level of subsequent magnetic heating effect. Despite this evidence for an AMF-elicited response in the SPION-loaded MSCs, and in contrast to previous reports on tumor remission in immunocompetent mouse models, in this case, no significant differences were measured regarding the overall tumor size or growth characteristics. We discuss the implications of these results on the clinical delivery of hyperthermia therapy to tumors and on the possibility that a preferred therapeutic route may involve AMF as an adjuvant to an autologous immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Kalber
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, UK; UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Katherine L Ordidge
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, UK; UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Paul Southern
- Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Loebinger
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Kyrtatos
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK; Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, UK
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Castillo SD, Tzouanacou E, Zaw-Thin M, Berenjeno IM, Parker VER, Chivite I, Milà-Guasch M, Pearce W, Solomon I, Angulo-Urarte A, Figueiredo AM, Dewhurst RE, Knox RG, Clark GR, Scudamore CL, Badar A, Kalber TL, Foster J, Stuckey DJ, David AL, Phillips WA, Lythgoe MF, Wilson V, Semple RK, Sebire NJ, Kinsler VA, Graupera M, Vanhaesebroeck B. Somatic activating mutations in Pik3ca cause sporadic venous malformations in mice and humans. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:332ra43. [PMID: 27030595 PMCID: PMC5973268 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad9982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Venous malformations (VMs) are painful and deforming vascular lesions composed of dilated vascular channels, which are present from birth. Mutations in the TEK gene, encoding the tyrosine kinase receptor TIE2, are found in about half of sporadic (nonfamilial) VMs, and the causes of the remaining cases are unknown. Sclerotherapy, widely accepted as first-line treatment, is not fully efficient, and targeted therapy for this disease remains underexplored. We have generated a mouse model that faithfully mirrors human VM through mosaic expression of Pik3ca(H1047R), a constitutively active mutant of the p110α isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), in the embryonic mesoderm. Endothelial expression of Pik3ca(H1047R)resulted in endothelial cell (EC) hyperproliferation, reduction in pericyte coverage of blood vessels, and decreased expression of arteriovenous specification markers. PI3K pathway inhibition with rapamycin normalized EC hyperproliferation and pericyte coverage in postnatal retinas and stimulated VM regression in vivo. In line with the mouse data, we also report the presence of activating PIK3CA mutations in human VMs, mutually exclusive with TEK mutations. Our data demonstrate a causal relationship between activating Pik3ca mutations and the genesis of VMs, provide a genetic model that faithfully mirrors the normal etiology and development of this human disease, and establish the basis for the use of PI3K-targeted therapies in VMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Castillo
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Elena Tzouanacou
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK. Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement, CNRS URA 2578, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - May Zaw-Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Inma M Berenjeno
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Victoria E R Parker
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Iñigo Chivite
- Vascular Signaling Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Maria Milà-Guasch
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wayne Pearce
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Isabelle Solomon
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Vascular Signaling Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Ana M Figueiredo
- Vascular Signaling Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Robert E Dewhurst
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Rachel G Knox
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Graeme R Clark
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | | | - Adam Badar
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Julie Foster
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna L David
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Cancer Biology and Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Department of Surgery (St. Vincent's Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Valerie Wilson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Robert K Semple
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signaling Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
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Connell JJ, Patrick PS, Yu Y, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL. Advanced cell therapies: targeting, tracking and actuation of cells with magnetic particles. Regen Med 2015; 10:757-72. [PMID: 26390317 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine would greatly benefit from a new platform technology that enabled measurable, controllable and targeting of stem cells to a site of disease or injury in the body. Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles offer attractive possibilities in biomedicine and can be incorporated into cells, affording a safe and reliable means of tagging. This review describes three current and emerging methods to enhance regenerative medicine using magnetic particles to guide therapeutic cells to a target organ; track the cells using MRI and assess their spatial localization with high precision and influence the behavior of the cell using magnetic actuation. This approach is complementary to the systemic injection of cell therapies, thus expanding the horizon of stem cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Connell
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Yichao Yu
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
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Sander K, Galante E, Gendron T, Yiannaki E, Patel N, Kalber TL, Badar A, Robson M, Johnson SP, Bauer F, Mairinger S, Stanek J, Wanek T, Kuntner C, Kottke T, Weizel L, Dickens D, Erlandsson K, Hutton BF, Lythgoe MF, Stark H, Langer O, Koepp M, Årstad E. Development of Fluorine-18 Labeled Metabolically Activated Tracers for Imaging of Drug Efflux Transporters with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6058-80. [PMID: 26161456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased activity of efflux transporters, e.g., P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), at the blood-brain barrier is a pathological hallmark of many neurological diseases, and the resulting multiple drug resistance represents a major clinical challenge. Noninvasive imaging of transporter activity can help to clarify the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance and facilitate diagnosis, patient stratification, and treatment monitoring. We have developed a metabolically activated radiotracer for functional imaging of P-gp/BCRP activity with positron emission tomography (PET). In preclinical studies, the tracer showed excellent initial brain uptake and clean conversion to the desired metabolite, although at a sluggish rate. Blocking with P-gp/BCRP modulators led to increased levels of brain radioactivity; however, dynamic PET did not show differential clearance rates between treatment and control groups. Our results provide proof-of-concept for development of prodrug tracers for imaging of P-gp/BCRP function in vivo but also highlight some challenges associated with this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
| | - Eva Galante
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
| | - Thibault Gendron
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
| | - Elena Yiannaki
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Niral Patel
- §Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- §Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Adam Badar
- §Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Mathew Robson
- ∥Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Sean P Johnson
- ∥Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Florian Bauer
- ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mairinger
- #Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- #Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- #Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- #Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Tim Kottke
- ∇Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- ∇Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David Dickens
- ○The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Block A Waterhouse Buildings, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GL, U.K
| | - Kjell Erlandsson
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
| | - Brian F Hutton
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- §Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Holger Stark
- ∇Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Langer
- ●Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Koepp
- ◆Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Erik Årstad
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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Sander K, Gendron T, Yiannaki E, Cybulska K, Kalber TL, Lythgoe MF, Årstad E. Sulfonium salts as leaving groups for aromatic labelling of drug-like small molecules with fluorine-18. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9941. [PMID: 25898175 PMCID: PMC4404714 DOI: 10.1038/srep09941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is unique in that it allows quantification of biochemical processes in vivo, but difficulties with preparing suitably labelled radiotracers limit its scientific and diagnostic applications. Aromatic [(18)F]fluorination of drug-like small molecules is particularly challenging as their functional group compositions often impair the labelling efficiency. Herein, we report a new strategy for incorporation of (18)F into highly functionalized aromatic compounds using sulfonium salts as leaving groups. The method is compatible with pharmacologically relevant functional groups, including aliphatic amines and basic heterocycles. Activated substrates react with [(18)F]fluoride at room temperature, and with heating the reaction proceeds in the presence of hydrogen bond donors. Furthermore, the use of electron rich spectator ligands allows efficient and regioselective [(18)F]fluorination of non-activated aromatic moieties. The method provides a broadly applicable route for (18)F labelling of biologically active small molecules, and offers immediate practical benefits for drug discovery and imaging with PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine – Radiochemistry, University College London, 235 Euston Road (T-5), London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine – Radiochemistry, University College London, 235 Euston Road (T-5), London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Elena Yiannaki
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Klaudia Cybulska
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Erik Årstad
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine – Radiochemistry, University College London, 235 Euston Road (T-5), London NW1 2BU, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Badar A, Kiru L, Kalber TL, Jathoul A, Straathof K, Årstad E, Lythgoe MF, Pule M. Fluorescence-guided development of a tricistronic vector encoding bimodal optical and nuclear genetic reporters for in vivo cellular imaging. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:18. [PMID: 25853023 PMCID: PMC4385325 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo imaging using genetic reporters is a central supporting tool in the development of cell and gene therapies affording us the ability to selectively track the therapeutic indefinitely. Previous studies have demonstrated the utility of the human norepinephrine transporter (hNET) as a positron emission tomography/single photon emission computed tomography (PET/SPECT) genetic reporter for in vivo cellular imaging. Here, our aim was to extend on this work and construct a tricistronic vector with dual optical (firefly luciferase) and nuclear (hNET) in vivo imaging and ex vivo histochemical capabilities. Guiding this development, we describe how a fluorescent substrate for hNET, 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP+), can be used to optimise vector design and serve as an in vitro functional screen. Methods Vectors were designed to co-express a bright red-shifted firefly luciferase (FLuc), hNET and a small marker gene RQR8. Genes were co-expressed using 2A peptide linkage, and vectors were transduced into a T cell line, SupT1. Two vectors were constructed with different gene orientations; FLuc.2A.RQR8.2A.hNET and hNET.2A.FLuc.2A.RQR8. hNET function was assessed using ASP+-guided flow cytometry. In vivo cellular conspicuity was confirmed using sequential bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and SPECT imaging of transduced SupT1 cells injected into the flanks of mice. Results SupT1/FLuc.2A.RQR8.2A.hNET cells resulted in >4-fold higher ASP+ uptake compared to SupT1/hNET.2A.FLuc.2A.RQR8, suggesting that 2A orientation effected hNET function. SupT1/FLuc.2A.RQR8.2A.hNET cells were readily visualised with both BLI and SPECT, demonstrating high signal to noise at 24 h post 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) administration. Conclusions In this study, a pre-clinical tricistronic vector with flow cytometry, BLI, SPECT and histochemical capabilities was constructed, which can be widely applied in cell tracking studies supporting the development of cell therapies. The study further demonstrates that hNET function in engineered cells can be assessed using ASP+-guided flow cytometry in place of costly radiosubstrate methodologies. This fluorogenic approach is unique to the hNET PET/SPECT reporter and may prove valuable when screening large numbers of cell lines or vector/mutant constructs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-015-0097-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Badar
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD UK
| | - Louise Kiru
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD UK ; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD UK
| | - Amit Jathoul
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD UK
| | - Karin Straathof
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD UK
| | - Erik Årstad
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road (T-5), London, NW1 2BU UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD UK
| | - Martin Pule
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD UK
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Hembury M, Chiappini C, Bertazzo S, Kalber TL, Drisko GL, Ogunlade O, Walker-Samuel S, Krishna KS, Jumeaux C, Beard P, Kumar CSSR, Porter AE, Lythgoe MF, Boissière C, Sanchez C, Stevens MM. Gold-silica quantum rattles for multimodal imaging and therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1959-64. [PMID: 25653336 PMCID: PMC4343080 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419622112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold quantum dots exhibit distinctive optical and magnetic behaviors compared with larger gold nanoparticles. However, their unfavorable interaction with living systems and lack of stability in aqueous solvents has so far prevented their adoption in biology and medicine. Here, a simple synthetic pathway integrates gold quantum dots within a mesoporous silica shell, alongside larger gold nanoparticles within the shell's central cavity. This "quantum rattle" structure is stable in aqueous solutions, does not elicit cell toxicity, preserves the attractive near-infrared photonics and paramagnetism of gold quantum dots, and enhances the drug-carrier performance of the silica shell. In vivo, the quantum rattles reduced tumor burden in a single course of photothermal therapy while coupling three complementary imaging modalities: near-infrared fluorescence, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance imaging. The incorporation of gold within the quantum rattles significantly enhanced the drug-carrier performance of the silica shell. This innovative material design based on the mutually beneficial interaction of gold and silica introduces the use of gold quantum dots for imaging and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Hembury
- Department of Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Department of Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Glenna L Drisko
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Collège de France, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Olumide Ogunlade
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Katla Sai Krishna
- Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70806
| | - Coline Jumeaux
- Department of Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Beard
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Challa S S R Kumar
- Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70806
| | | | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Cédric Boissière
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Collège de France, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Clément Sanchez
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Collège de France, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;
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Sage EK, Kolluri KK, McNulty K, Lourenco SDS, Kalber TL, Ordidge KL, Davies D, Gary Lee YC, Giangreco A, Janes SM. Systemic but not topical TRAIL-expressing mesenchymal stem cells reduce tumour growth in malignant mesothelioma. Thorax 2014; 69:638-47. [PMID: 24567297 PMCID: PMC4078753 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare but devastating cancer of the pleural lining with no effective treatment. The tumour is often diffusely spread throughout the chest cavity, making surgical resection difficult, while systemic chemotherapy offers limited benefit. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) home to and incorporate into tumour stroma, making them good candidates to deliver anticancer therapies. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a pro-apoptotic molecule that selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells, leaving healthy cells unaffected. We hypothesised that human MSCs expressing TRAIL (MSCTRAIL) would home to an in vivo model of malignant pleural mesothelioma and reduce tumour growth. Human MSCs transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding TRAIL were shown in vitro to kill multiple malignant mesothelioma cell lines as predicted by sensitivity to recombinant TRAIL (rTRAIL). In vivo MSC homing was delineated using dual fluorescence and bioluminescent imaging, and we observed that higher levels of MSC engraftment occur after intravenous delivery compared with intrapleural delivery of MSCs. Finally, we show that intravenous delivery of MSCTRAIL results in a reduction in malignant pleural mesothelioma tumour growth in vivo via an increase in tumour cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Sage
- Division of Medicine, Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Krishna K Kolluri
- Division of Medicine, Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katrina McNulty
- Division of Medicine, Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sofia Da Silva Lourenco
- Division of Medicine, Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Division of Medicine, Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, UK Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine L Ordidge
- Division of Medicine, Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, UK Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek Davies
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Y C Gary Lee
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Adam Giangreco
- Division of Medicine, Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Division of Medicine, Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
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Campbell-Washburn AE, Price AN, Ellmerich S, Simons JP, Al-Shawi R, Kalber TL, Ghatrora R, Hawkins PN, Moon JC, Ordidge RJ, Pepys MB, Lythgoe MF. Monitoring systemic amyloidosis using MRI measurements of the extracellular volume fraction. Amyloid 2013; 20:93-8. [PMID: 23621497 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2013.787984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the in vivo evaluation, in a murine model, of MRI measurements of the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) for the detection and monitoring of systemic amyloidosis. A new inducible transgenic model was used, with increased production of mouse serum amyloid A protein controlled by oral administration of doxycycline, that causes both the usual hepatic and splenic amyloidosis and also cardiac deposits. ECV was measured in vivo by equilibrium contrast MRI in the heart and liver of 11 amyloidotic and 10 control mice. There was no difference in the cardiac function between groups, but ECV was significantly increased in the heart, mean (standard deviation) 0.20 (0.05) versus 0.14 (0.04), p < 0.005, and liver, 0.27 (0.04) versus 0.15 (0.04), p < 0.0005, of amyloidotic animals and was strongly correlated with the histological amyloid score, myocardium, ρ = 0.67, p < 0.01; liver, ρ = 0.87, p < 0.01. In a further four mice that received human serum amyloid P component (SAP) followed by anti-human SAP antibody, a treatment to eliminate visceral amyloid deposits, ECV in the liver and spleen returned to baseline after therapy (p < 0.01). MRI measurement of ECV is a sensitive marker of amyloid deposits with potential application for early detection and monitoring therapies promoting their clearance.
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Kalber TL, Campbell-Washburn AE, Siow BM, Sage E, Price AN, Ordidge KL, Walker-Samuel S, Janes SM, Lythgoe MF. Primed infusion with delayed equilibrium of Gd.DTPA for enhanced imaging of small pulmonary metastases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54903. [PMID: 23382996 PMCID: PMC3561448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To use primed infusions of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent Gd.DTPA (Magnevist), to achieve an equilibrium between blood and tissue (eqMRI). This may increase tumor Gd concentrations as a novel cancer imaging methodology for the enhancement of small tumor nodules within the low signal-to-noise background of the lung. Methods A primed infusion with a delay before equilibrium (eqMRI) of the Gd(III) chelator Gd.DTPA, via the intraperitoneal route, was used to evaluate gadolinium tumor enhancement as a function of a bolus injection, which is applied routinely in the clinic, compared to gadolinium maintained at equilibrium. A double gated (respiration and cardiac) spin-echo sequence at 9.4T was used to evaluate whole lungs pre contrast and then at 15 (representative of bolus enhancement), 25 and 35 minutes (representative of eqMRI). This was carried out in two lung metastasis models representative of high and low tumor cell seeding. Lungs containing discrete tumor nodes where inflation fixed and taken for haematoxylin and eosin staining as well as CD34 staining for correlation to MRI. Results We demonstrate that sustained Gd enhancement, afforded by Gd equilibrium, increases the detection of pulmonary metastases compared to bolus enhancement and those tumors which enhance at equilibrium are sub-millimetre in size (<0.7 mm2) with a similar morphology to early bronchoalveolar cell carcinomas. Conclusion As Gd-chelates are routinely used in the clinic for detecting tumors by MRI, this methodology is readily transferable to the clinic and advances MRI as a methodology for the detection of small pulmonary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Kalber
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Mitchell N, Kalber TL, Cooper MS, Sunassee K, Chalker SL, Shaw KP, Ordidge KL, Badar A, Janes SM, Blower PJ, Lythgoe MF, Hailes HC, Tabor AB. Incorporation of paramagnetic, fluorescent and PET/SPECT contrast agents into liposomes for multimodal imaging. Biomaterials 2013; 34:1179-92. [PMID: 23131536 PMCID: PMC3520009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of metal-chelating lipid conjugates has been designed and synthesized. Each member of the series bears a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) macrocycle attached to the lipid head group, using short n-ethylene glycol (n-EG) spacers of varying length. Liposomes incorporating these lipids, chelated to Gd(3+), (64)Cu(2+), or (111)In(3+), and also incorporating fluorescent lipids, have been prepared, and their application in optical, magnetic resonance (MR) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) imaging of cellular uptake and distribution investigated in vitro and in vivo. We have shown that these multimodal liposomes can be used as functional MR contrast agents as well as radionuclide tracers for SPECT, and that they can be optimized for each application. When shielded liposomes were formulated incorporating 50% of a lipid with a short n-EG spacer, to give nanoparticles with a shallow but even coverage of n-EG, they showed good cellular internalization in a range of tumour cells, compared to the limited cellular uptake of conventional shielded liposomes formulated with 7% 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(polyethyleneglycol)(2000)] (DSPE-PEG2000). Moreover, by matching the depth of n-EG coverage to the length of the n-EG spacers of the DOTA lipids, we have shown that similar distributions and blood half lives to DSPE-PEG2000-stabilized liposomes can be achieved. The ability to tune the imaging properties and distribution of these liposomes allows for the future development of a flexible tri-modal imaging agent.
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Key Words
- dota-lipid
- liposome
- mri (magnetic resonance imaging)
- peg (poly(ethylene)glycol)
- spect (single-photon emission tomography)
- dcc, n,n-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- deg1sl, dioleylethyleneglycol-1-succidimidyl linker
- deg3sl, dioleylethyleneglycol-3-succidimidyl linker
- deg6sl, dioleylethyleneglycol-6-succidimidyl linker
- dodeg4, dioleyldimethyl ethylene glycol 4
- dope, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
- dota, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
- dotma, n-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride
- dspe-peg2000, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-n-[carboxy(polyethyleneglycol)2000]
- dtpa, diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid
- n-eg, n-ethylene glycol
- epr, enhanced permeability and retention effect
- fl-dhpe, n-(fluorescein-5-thiocarbamoyl)-1,2-dihexa-decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
- hbtu, o-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-n,n,n′,n′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
- itlc, instant thin layer chromatography
- mr, magnetic resonance
- peg, polyethylene glycol
- pet, positron emission tomography
- res, reticuloendothelial system
- spect, single-photon emission tomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Margaret S. Cooper
- King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kavitha Sunassee
- King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Samantha L. Chalker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Royal Institution of Great Britain, Davy Faraday Research Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Karen P. Shaw
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Katherine L. Ordidge
- Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Adam Badar
- Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Samuel M. Janes
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
- King's College London, Division of Chemistry, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Alethea B. Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Kalber TL, Kamaly N, So PW, Pugh JA, Bunch J, McLeod CW, Jorgensen MR, Miller AD, Bell JD. A low molecular weight folate receptor targeted contrast agent for magnetic resonance tumor imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 13:653-62. [PMID: 20809208 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to develop a low molecular weight folate receptor (FR) contrast agent for MR tumor imaging. PROCEDURES Gadolinium-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (Gd.DOTA) was conjugated to folic acid to create Gd.DOTA.Folate. The efficacy of Gd.DOTA.Folate to bind FR was evaluated in vitro by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tumor enhancement over 14 h, utilizing an overexpressing α-FR cell line (IGROV-1), compared to an α-FR-negative cell line (OVCAR-3). Gd.DOTA.Folate localization ex vivo was verified by laser ablation ICP-MS. RESULTS ICP-MS confirmed Gd.DOTA.Folate uptake by IGROV-1 cells and competitive binding with free folic acid inhibited binding. IGROV-1 tumors showed an increase in R (1) at 2 h, which increased significantly over 14 h post-Gd.DOTA.Folate with clear enhancement on MR images. This was not observed in controls. CONCLUSION These data support the use of FR-targeted small molecular weight MRI contrast agents for tumor imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Kalber
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Kalber TL, Kamaly N, Higham SA, Pugh JA, Bunch J, McLeod CW, Miller AD, Bell JD. Synthesis and characterization of a theranostic vascular disrupting agent for in vivo MR imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:879-86. [PMID: 21410265 DOI: 10.1021/bc100329t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Colchicine, a known tubulin binding agent and vascular disrupting agent, causes rapid vascular shut down and central necrosis in tumors. The binding of tubulin results in tubulin destabilization, with characteristic cell shape changes and inhibition of cell division, and results in cell death. A gadolinium(III) labeled derivative of colchicine (Gd·DOTA·Colchicinic acid) was synthesized and characterized as a theranostic agent (enabling simultaneous diagnostic/real time MRI contrast imaging). In vitro, Gd·DOTA·Colchicinic acid was shown to initiate cell changes characteristic of tubulin-destabilization in both OVCAR-3 and IGROV-1 ovarian carcinoma cell lines in vitro over a period of 24 h, while maintaining the qualities of the MR imaging tracer. In vivo, Gd·DOTA·Colchicinic acid (200 mg/kg) was shown to induce the formation of central necrosis, which was confirmed ex vivo by histology, in OVCAR-3 subcutaneous tumor xenografts, while simultaneously acting as an imaging agent to promote a significant reduction in the MR relaxation time T(1) (p < 0.05) of tumors 24 h post-administration. Morphological changes within the tumor which corresponded with areas derived from the formation of central necrosis were also present on MR images that were not observed for the same colchicine derivate that was not complexed with gadolinium that also presented with central necrosis ex vivo. However, Gd·DOTA·Colchicinic acid accumulation in the liver, as shown by changes in liver T(1) (p < 0.05), takes place within 2 h. The implication is that Gd·DOTA·Colchicinic acid distributes to tissues, including tumors, within 2 h, but enters tumor cells to lower T(1) times and promotes cell death over a period of up to 24 h. As the biodistribution/pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics data provided here is similar to that of conventional colchicines derivatives, such combined data are a potentially powerful way to rapidly characterize the complete behavior of drug candidates in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Kalber
- Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K.
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Kenny GD, Kamaly N, Kalber TL, Brody LP, Sahuri M, Shamsaei E, Miller AD, Bell JD. Novel multifunctional nanoparticle mediates siRNA tumour delivery, visualisation and therapeutic tumour reduction in vivo. J Control Release 2010; 149:111-6. [PMID: 20888381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is being widely explored as a means of tumour therapy due to the specific and potent silencing of targeted genes. However, in vivo delivery of RNAi effectors, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and detection of delivery is fraught with problems. Here, we describe novel theranostic PEGylated siRNA nanoparticles termed liposome-entrapped siRNA (LEsiRNA) nanoparticles. Our LEsiRNA nanoparticles are MR sensitive, contain labels for fluorescence microscopy/histology and promote functional siRNA delivery to tumours in mice leading to a significant reduction in both Survivin expression and tumour growth. LEsiRNA nanoparticles, administered by intravenous injection, were shown to accumulate in xenograft tumours by MR contrast image enhancements 24h post-administration. Fluorescence microscopy was used to corroborate the MR results and simultaneously demonstrate co-localisation of nanoparticles and siRNA within the tumours. The LEsiRNA nanoparticle-mediated delivery of the anti-cancer Survivin siRNA causes significant reduction in tumour growth when compared to controls. Our results suggest that LEsiRNA nanoparticles can be valuable as an in vivo delivery agent for siRNA therapy to tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Kenny
- Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, Imaging Sciences Department, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Kalber TL, Waterton JC, Griffiths JR, Ryan AJ, Robinson SP. Longitudinal in vivo susceptibility contrast MRI measurements of LS174T colorectal liver metastasis in nude mice. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 28:1451-8. [PMID: 19025954 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize longitudinal tumor progression in a murine orthotopic model of liver metastasis using susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nude mice were inoculated intrasplenically with LS174T colorectal carcinoma cells 24 hours postadministration of 2.5 mgFe/kg of the ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particle preparation feruglose. Contiguous T(2) and T(2)-weighted multislice MR images were acquired 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 days postinoculation to longitudinally evaluate metastatic progression. Functional tumor vasculature and hypoxia were histologically evaluated at the final timepoint using Hoechst 33342 uptake, pimonidazole and hematoxylin and eosin staining. A parallel cohort of subcutaneous tumors was included for comparison. RESULTS All intrasplenically inoculated mice developed liver metastases, evident in both T(2)- and T(2)-weighted images as high-signal deposits, compared to feruglose-nulled normal liver. Small lesions were detected as early as day 10 and all mice exhibited progressing lesions over 35 days. Liver metastases took longer to establish, but exhibited a similar volume doubling time to the subcutaneously propagated tumors of approximately 2-3 days. Different functional tumor vascular architectures between the two growth sites were apparent. CONCLUSION Susceptibility-contrast MRI using a single dose of feruglose can be used to easily detect and longitudinally monitor orthotopically propagated liver metastases in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Kalber
- Cancer Research UK Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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Cullis ER, Kalber TL, Ashton SE, Cartwright JE, Griffiths JR, Ryan AJ, Robinson SP. Tumour overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increases angiogenesis and may modulate the anti-tumour effects of the vascular disrupting agent ZD6126. Microvasc Res 2006; 71:76-84. [PMID: 16530791 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumours derived from DLD-1 colon adenocarcinoma cells, transfected to either overexpress inducible nitric oxide synthase (clone iNOS-19) or with empty vector (pBAN2R), were utilised to test the hypothesis that tumour expression of iNOS (a) increases tumour angiogenesis and (b) modulates the anti-tumour activity of the vascular disrupting agent ZD6126. Overexpression of iNOS by clone iNOS-19 cells and murine xenografts was confirmed by the Griess assay and western blot analysis respectively. Clone iNOS-19 tumours grew more rapidly than pBAN2R tumours. Tumour perfusion, assessed by Hoechst 33342 uptake, was significantly greater in the clone iNOS-19 tumours (P < 0.001). A significant reduction in the perfusion of only the pBAN2R tumours, compared with control, was obtained 24 h after treatment with an intermediate dose of 100 mg/kg ZD6126 (P < 0.001), whereas 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the perfusion of both tumour types (P < 0.001). Whilst pBAN2R tumour necrosis increased in a dose-dependent manner, significant at 100 and 200 mg/kg ZD6126 (P < 0.05), intermediate doses did not induce a similar degree of necrosis in clone iNOS-19 tumours. A significant reduction in splenic perfusion was found 24 h after treatment with 100 mg/kg ZD6126, primarily associated with the red pulp. Overexpression of iNOS increases tumour growth, the degree of functionally perfused vasculature and angiogenesis, and also confers resistance to the vascular disrupting agent ZD6126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Cullis
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, UK
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Kalber TL, Smith CJ, Howe FA, Griffiths JR, Ryan AJ, Waterton JC, Robinson SP. A longitudinal study of R2* and R2 magnetic resonance imaging relaxation rate measurements in murine liver after a single administration of 3 different iron oxide-based contrast agents. Invest Radiol 2006; 40:784-91. [PMID: 16304482 DOI: 10.1097/01.rli.0000188025.66872.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the duration of R2* and R2 enhancement in murine liver in vivo after administration of a single dose of 3 different iron oxide-based contrast agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine liver R2* and R2 were quantified longitudinally postadministration of 2.5 mgFe/kg ferumoxides, 2.5 mgFe/kg ferumoxytol, 2.5 or 5 mgFe/kg feruglose, or saline over 50 days. Changes in R2* and R2 were evaluated histologically using Perl's staining and by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS All 3 contrast agents significantly increased liver R2* and R2 4 hours after challenge. After 10 days, R2* and R2 for both the ferumoxides and ferumoxytol cohorts had recovered to saline control levels, whereas the faster R2* and R2 of the feruglose cohort was sustained and significantly faster than control at day 50. Histology revealed feruglose in both Kupffer and endothelial cells, whereas both ferumoxides and ferumoxytol were associated with the Kupffer cells. CONCLUSION Compared with ferumoxides and ferumoxytol, feruglose exhibits prolonged R2* and R2 enhancement of murine liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Kalber
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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Robinson SP, Kalber TL, Howe FA, McIntyre DJO, Griffiths JR, Blakey DC, Whittaker L, Ryan AJ, Waterton JC. Acute tumor response to ZD6126 assessed by intrinsic susceptibility magnetic resonance imaging. Neoplasia 2005; 7:466-74. [PMID: 15967099 PMCID: PMC1501158 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Revised: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) transverse relaxation rate R(2)* was investigated as an early acute marker of the response of rat GH3 prolactinomas to the vascular-targeting agent, ZD6126. Multigradient echo (MGRE) MRI was used to quantify R(2)*, which is sensitive to tissue deoxyhemoglobin levels. Tumor R(2)* was measured prior to, and either immediately for up to 35 minutes, or 24 hours following administration of 50 mg/kg ZD6126. Following MRI, tumor perfusion was assessed by Hoechst 33342 uptake. Tumor R(2)* significantly increased to 116 +/- 4% of baseline 35 minutes after challenge, consistent with an ischemic insult induced by vascular collapse. A strong positive correlation between baseline R(2)* and the subsequent increase in R(2)* measured 35 minutes after treatment was obtained, suggesting that the baseline R(2)* is prognostic for the subsequent tumor response to ZD6126. In contrast, a significant decrease in tumor R(2)* was found 24 hours after administration of ZD6126. Both the 35-minute and 24-hour R(2)* responses to ZD6126 were associated with a decrease in Hoechst 33342 uptake. Interpretation of the R(2)* response is complex, yet changes in tumor R(2)* may provide a convenient and early MRI biomarker for detecting the antitumor activity of vascular-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, UK.
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