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Wu TY, Li ZL, Gong YC, Xiong XY. Synergistic antitumor effect of folate-targeted Pluronic™ F-127/poly(lactic acid) polymersomes for codelivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:455-469. [PMID: 37166001 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Folate-targeted Pluronic™ F-127/poly(lactic acid) (FA-F127-PLA) polymersomes were used as codelivery carriers of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX) to achieve a targeted synergistic antitumor effect. Materials & methods: The cytotoxicity of PTX/DOX polymersomes against OVCAR-3 cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The cellular uptake of PTX/DOX polymersomes was examined by HPLC and micro-bicinchoninic acid techniques. Results: The polymersomes showed a bilayer core-shell structure with negative charge and good dispersion. PTX1/DOX5 polymersomes with a mass ratio of PTX to DOX of 1:5 showed the best synergistic effect and the highest cellular uptake. Conclusion: FA-F127-PLA polymersomes have the great promise for codelivery of multiple chemotherapeutics to achieve a targeted antitumor synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yi Wu
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zi Ling Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yan Chun Gong
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Xiang Yuan Xiong
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
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Wu TY, Cao WJ, Li ZL, Gong YC, Xiong XY. Co-Delivery of paclitaxel and doxorubicin in folate-Targeted pluronic/ploy (D,L-lactide- b-glycolide) polymersomes. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1555-1567. [PMID: 36749839 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231156316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Drugs with different solubility can be selectively embedded into polymersomes with the hydrophilic core and hydrophobic bilayer. Novel folate-targeted Pluronic/poly (D,L-lactide-b-glycolide) polymersomes were constructed and used for the co-delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) to improve their inhibitory effect over cancer cells. The particle size of blank polymersomes was mainly distributed below 125 nm. The release of PTX and DOX from polymersomes showed an initial burst release followed by a sustained and slow release. The in vitro cytotoxicity data showed that the targeted co-loaded polymersomes (PTX&DOX FA-Ps) exhibited better inhibitory effect than single-loaded polymersomes and free drugs did. Furthermore, PTX&DOX FA-Ps showed the synergistic therapeutic effect over OVCAR-3 cancer cells. The cellular uptake results also showed that folate modified polymersomes had excellent targeting performance. Therefore, the folate-targeted Pluronic/poly (D,L-lactide-b-glycolide) polymersomes have potential application value as novel drug carriers to co-deliver PTX and DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yi Wu
- School of Life Science, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Jie Cao
- School of Life Science, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zi Ling Li
- School of Life Science, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Chun Gong
- School of Life Science, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan Xiong
- School of Life Science, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Liu YY, Shi J, Chu P, Wu TY, Li L, Pang Y, Lu J, Guo YL. [Exploratory study on detection of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens by next-generation sequencing]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2022; 45:552-559. [PMID: 35658379 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20211104-00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) detection methods in sputum samples and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, in order to explore the feasibility of the NGS method to detect drug resistance in sputum specimens. Methods: In this retrospective study, the sputum specimens and corresponding clinical isolates of 50 pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to Beijing Chest Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were collected. The gene mutations of katG, inhA, rpoB, embA, embB, rpsL, rrs, gyrA, gyrB and tlyA in sputum specimens and corresponding clinical isolates were detected by NGS method. The phenotypic drug susceptibility test (DST) of the strains was carried out by the proportion method. Using DST results as a reference, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the NGS method for clinical strains and sputum specimens, as well as the consistency statistic (Kappa) with phenotype DST were calculated respectively. The Chi-square test was used to compare the accuracy of the NGS testing in sputum samples and strain samples. Results: The results showed that rpoB(63.83%, 30/47) and rrs(57.45%, 27/47) were the most common mutated genes, followed by katG(46.81%, 22/47), rpsL(29.79%, 14/47), gyrA(27.66%, 13/47), embB(21.28%, 10/47), tlyA(12.77%, 6/47), gyrB(8.51%, 4/47), and inhA promoter(19.15%, 9/47), embA promoter region (12.77%, 6/47) mutation. when the NGS method was compared with the resistance phenotype of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, second-line injectable drugs (streptomycin, capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin), levofloxacin, the sensitivity were 85.71%, 91.67%, 77.78%, 81.82%, 100.00%, 87.50%, 100.00%, 69.23%, and the specificity were 100.00%, 94.12, 87.50%, 89.47%, 97.06%, 96.97%, 94.29%, 89.29% in sputum samples, while in strain samples, the sensitivity were 92.86%, 100.00%, 81.82%, 86.96%, 88.89%, 80.00%, 100.00%, 85.71%. The specificity were 100.00%, 92.86%, 87.10%, 94.74%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 97.14%, 92.86%. Compared with the phenotypic drug susceptibility results, the NGS method has better detection performance for isoniazid, rifampicin, capreomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin in sputum specimens (Kappa≥0.75); while among the strains, the NGS method had a good detection performance for isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin and levofloxacin (Kappa≥0.75). With the accuracy of the NGS method for detecting strains as a reference, there was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of all drug resistance detected between strains and sputum specimens. Conclusions: This study showed that the NGS technology was effective in predicting the resistance of isoniazid, rifampicin, and second-line injectable drugs (capreomycin, kanamycin and amikacin) by detecting sputum samples and strain genotypes, suggesting the feasibility and potential of direct detection of sputum samples by the NGS method as an early detection method for drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - J Shi
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - P Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - T Y Wu
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Y Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - J Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Y L Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
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Tan JH, Wu TY, Tan JYH, Sharon Tan SH, Hong CC, Shen L, Loo LMA, Iau P, Murphy DP, O'Neill GK. Definitive Surgery Is Safe in Borderline Patients Who Respond to Resuscitation. J Orthop Trauma 2021; 35:e234-e240. [PMID: 33252447 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that in adequately resuscitated borderline polytrauma patients with long bone fractures (femur and tibia) or pelvic fractures, early (within 4 days) definitive stabilization (EDS) can be performed without an increase in postoperative ventilation and postoperative complications. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Level 1 trauma center. PATIENTS In total, 103 patients were included in this study; of whom, 18 (17.5%) were female and 85 (82.5%) were male. These patients were borderline trauma patients who had the following parameters before definitive surgery, normal coagulation profile, lactate of <2.5 mmol/L, pH of ≥7.25, and base excess of ≥5.5. INTERVENTION These patients were treated according to Early Total Care, definitive surgery on day of admission, or Damage Control Orthopaedics principles, temporizing external fixation followed by definitive surgery at a later date. Timing of definitive surgical fixation was recorded as EDS or late definitive surgical fixation (>4 days). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measured was the duration of ventilation more than 3 days post definitive surgery and presence of postoperative complications. RESULTS Thirty-five patients (34.0%) received Early Total Care, whereas 68 (66.0%) patients were treated with Damage Control Orthopaedics. In total, 51 (49.5%) of all patients had late definitive surgery, whereas 52 patients (50.5%) had EDS. On logistic regression, the following factors were found to be predictive of higher rates of postoperative ventilation ≥ 3 days, units of blood transfused, and time to definitive surgery > 4 days. Increased age, head abbreviated injury score of 3 or more and time to definitive surgery were found to be associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS Borderline polytrauma patients with no severe soft tissue injuries, such as chest or head injuries, may be treated with EDS if adequately resuscitated with no increase in need for postoperative ventilation and complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Hao Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Orthopaedic, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Tian Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Orthopaedic, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Joel Yong Hao Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Orthopaedic, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Si Heng Sharon Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Orthopaedic, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Choon Chiet Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Orthopaedic, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Liang Shen
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore ; and
| | - Lynette Mee-Ann Loo
- Division of General Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Philip Iau
- Division of General Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Diarmuid P Murphy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Orthopaedic, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Gavin Kane O'Neill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Orthopaedic, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
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Fan JL, Wu TY, Lovering AT, Nan L, Bang WL, Kayser B. Differential Brain and Muscle Tissue Oxygenation Responses to Exercise in Tibetans Compared to Han Chinese. Front Physiol 2021; 12:617954. [PMID: 33716766 PMCID: PMC7943468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.617954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tibetans’ better aerobic exercise capacity at altitude remains ill-understood. We tested the hypothesis that Tibetans display better muscle and brain tissue oxygenation during exercise in hypoxia. Using near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) to provide indices of tissue oxygenation, we measured oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin ([O2Hb] and [HHb], respectively) responses of the vastus lateralis muscle and the right prefrontal cortex in ten Han Chinese and ten Tibetans during incremental cycling to exhaustion in a pressure-regulated chamber at simulated sea-level (air at 1 atm: normobaric normoxia) and 5,000 m (air at 0.5 atm: hypobaric hypoxia). Hypoxia reduced aerobic capacity by ∼22% in both groups (d = 0.8, p < 0.001 vs. normoxia), while Tibetans consistently outperformed their Han Chinese counterpart by ∼32% in normoxia and hypoxia (d = 1.0, p = 0.008). We found cerebral [O2Hb] was higher in Tibetans at normoxic maximal effort compared Han (p = 0.001), while muscle [O2Hb] was not different (p = 0.240). Hypoxic exercise lowered muscle [O2Hb] in Tibetans by a greater extent than in Han (interaction effect: p < 0.001 vs. normoxic exercise). Muscle [O2Hb] was lower in Tibetans when compared to Han during hypoxic exercise (d = 0.9, p = 0.003), but not during normoxic exercise (d = 0.4, p = 0.240). Muscle [HHb] was not different between the two groups during normoxic and hypoxic exercise (p = 0.778). Compared to Han, our findings revealed a higher brain tissue oxygenation in Tibetans during maximal exercise in normoxia, but lower muscle tissue oxygenation during exercise in hypoxia. This would suggest that the Tibetans privileged oxygenation of the brain at the expense of that of the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Lin Fan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tian Yi Wu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Tibet University Medical College, Lhasa, China.,National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Andrew T Lovering
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Liya Nan
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Wang Liang Bang
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wang WW, Cheng HJ, Li M, Yin ZH, Sun ZW, Li SC, Wu TY, Wang GK. [Analyses of diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration in children with tracheobronchial variations]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 54:760-763. [PMID: 31606989 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the key issues in the diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration in children with tracheobronchial variations. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for 11 pediatric patients who were treated in Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Province People's Hospital after a diagnosis of foreign body aspiration with tracheobronchial variations between January 2015 and December 2017. There were 7 males and 4 females among the 11 cases of foreign body aspiration with tracheobronchial variations, ranging between 9 months and 11 years of age. Results: Among 11 cases, the types of variationswere tracheal bronchus in 9 cases, bridging bronchus in 1 case and simple tracheal stenosis in 1 case. All of the pediatric patients were under general anesthesia, and the foreign bodies were removed by bronchoscopy successfully with no significant complications. Conclusions: The possibility of tracheobronchial variations should be considered in children with recurrent wheezing and poor efficacy of regular treatment before foreign body aspiration. Removal of foreign body via rigid bronchoscope under general anesthesia is a safe and effective treatment. These children are needed to combine the situation oftracheobronchial variations and the location of foreign bodies to guide the operation, and strengthened the perioperative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - H J Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital Affilicated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China
| | - Z H Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Z W Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - S C Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - T Y Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - G K Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Pelosi L, Mulroy E, Leadbetter R, Kilfoyle D, Chancellor AM, Mossman S, Wing L, Wu TY, Roxburgh RH. Peripheral nerves are pathologically small in cerebellar ataxia neuropathy vestibular areflexia syndrome: a controlled ultrasound study. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:659-665. [PMID: 29316033 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sensory neuronopathy is a cardinal feature of cerebellar ataxia neuropathy vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). Having observed that two patients with CANVAS had small median and ulnar nerves on ultrasound, we set out to examine this finding systematically in a cohort of patients with CANVAS, and compare them with both healthy controls and a cohort of patients with axonal neuropathy. We have previously reported preliminary findings in seven of these patients with CANVAS and seven healthy controls. METHODS We compared the ultrasound cross-sectional area of median, ulnar, sural and tibial nerves of 14 patients with CANVAS with 14 healthy controls and 14 age- and gender-matched patients with acquired primarily axonal neuropathy. We also compared the individual nerve cross-sectional areas of patients with CANVAS and neuropathy with the reference values of our laboratory control population. RESULTS The nerve cross-sectional area of patients with CANVAS was smaller than that of both the healthy controls and the neuropathy controls, with highly significant differences at most sites (P < 0.001). Conversely, the nerve cross-sectional areas in the upper limb were larger in neuropathy controls than healthy controls (P < 0.05). On individual analysis, the ultrasound abnormality was sufficiently characteristic to be detected in all but one patient with CANVAS. DISCUSSION Small nerves in CANVAS probably reflect nerve thinning from loss of axons due to ganglion cell loss. This is distinct from the ultrasound findings in axonal neuropathy, in which nerve size was either normal or enlarged. Our findings indicate a diagnostic role for ultrasound in CANVAS sensory neuronopathy and in differentiating neuronopathy from neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pelosi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Bay of Plenty District Health Board, Tauranga
| | - E Mulroy
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland
| | - R Leadbetter
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington
| | - D Kilfoyle
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland
| | - A M Chancellor
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Bay of Plenty District Health Board, Tauranga
| | - S Mossman
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington
| | - L Wing
- Department of Endocrinology, Bay of Plenty District Health Board, Tauranga
| | - T Y Wu
- Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch
| | - R H Roxburgh
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland.,Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wang HX, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li YG, Yi J, Deng ZC, Gao Z, Wu TY, Yin ZJ, Akiyama T. A new dispersion interferometer on HL-2A. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:103502. [PMID: 29092472 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to avoid a fringe jump caused by high plasma density and pellet injection [Y. Zhou et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 11E107 (2016)], a new CO2 dispersion interferometer is designed and commissioned on HL-2A for average line-density measurement and density feedback control. The second harmonic technology in this system eliminates the phase shift caused by mechanical vibration. Signals are processed by a digital phase comparator and can be monitored in real time. A series of experiments are conducted to study the characteristics of the system such as a second harmonic coefficient and long-term stability. The resolution of density measurement is less than 8 × 1017/m3, and the experiment result on HL-2A demonstrates the interferometer's capability to track plasma density evolution with rapid change. The system also shows good stability against mechanical vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y G Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Yi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z C Deng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z Gao
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - T Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Z J Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - T Akiyama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
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Wu TY, Hu HY, Lin SY, Chie WC, Yang RS, Liaw CK. Trends in hip fracture rates in Taiwan: a nationwide study from 1996 to 2010. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:653-665. [PMID: 27858121 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There was an initial increase and a later decrease in hip fracture rates in Taiwan between 1996 and 2010 (457.9 to 390.0 fractures per 100,000 people per year). Mortality rates decreased but re-emerged later (2.26 to 1.91 deaths per 100 hip fracture admissions). The turning point for change in trends was 2003. INTRODUCTION Fractures of the proximal femur remain a major cause of mortality and morbidity. We aimed to examine recent trends in hip fracture rates, in-hospital mortality rates, and length of hospital stay (LOS) due to hip fractures in people aged 55 and over in Taiwan. METHODS This is a time-trend study. We used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database between 1996 and 2010 in Taiwan. Insurants aged 55 and over were included. The outcome measures were age-adjusted hip fracture rates, age-adjusted in-hospital mortality rates, and LOS due to hip fractures. We classified hip fractures into femoral neck, trochanteric, and subtrochanteric fractures. RESULTS We identified 250,919 hospitalizations for hip fractures. The total number of hip fractures increased steadily from 12,479 to 19,841 cases. There was a trend towards initial increase and then later decrease in hip fracture rates (from 457.9 to 390.0 fractures per 100,000 people per year). LOS decreased by 46.5 % (17.53 to 9.38 days). By contrast, mortality rates for hip fractures decreased initially, but re-emerged later with a total decrement of 15.5 % (2.26 to 1.91 deaths per 100 hip fracture admissions). Women outnumbered men in all types of hip fractures, but men had higher in hospital mortality rates. LOS was similar between genders and among age groups. The turning point for change in trends was year 2003. CONCLUSIONS While LOS shortened gradually since 1996, the absolute number of hip fractures in Taiwan continues to rise. There is still room for improvement in reducing mortality due to hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Wu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, 5F, No. 17, Hsu-Chow Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, 10F, No. 10, Sec. 4, Ren-Ai Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - H Y Hu
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, 10F, No. 10, Sec. 4, Ren-Ai Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec. 2, Li-nong St., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - S Y Lin
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, 10F, No. 10, Sec. 4, Ren-Ai Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - W C Chie
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, 5F, No. 17, Hsu-Chow Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 5F, No. 17, Hsu-Chow Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - R S Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 11F, No.7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - C K Liaw
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 11F, No.7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95, Wen-Chang Rd., Taipei, 111, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhong-Zheng Rd., Xin-Zhuang Dist, New Taipei, 242, Taiwan.
- Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming Chuan University, No.5, De-Ming Rd., Gui-Shan Dist, Taoyuan County, 333, Taiwan.
- , 5F, No. 11, Aly. 25, Lan. 208, Rui-an St., Taipei, 10661, Taiwan.
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Tan JP, Jahim JM, Wu TY, Harun S, Mumtaz T. Use of corn steep liquor as an economical nitrogen source for biosuccinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/36/1/012058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tan WL, Xu M, Liu Z, Wu TY, Yang Y, Luo J, Yang J, Luo Y. HOTAIR inhibited intracellular Ca2+ via regulation of Cav1.2 channel in human cardiomyocytes. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2015; 61:79-83. [PMID: 26255135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
HOTAIR, a long non—coding RNA (lncRNA), is reported to regulate chromatin organization and promote tumor progression. However, little is known about the roles of this gene in the modulation of calcium homeostasis in human cardiomyocytes. In the present study, we demonstrated that up—regulation of HOTAIR could suppress the expression of CaV1.2 in human cardiomyocytes. However, HOTAIR knockdown promoted CaV1.2 expression in human cardiomyocytes. In addition, we found that HOTAIR overexpression significantly reduced the intracellular Ca2+ contents; while knockdown of HOTAIR enhanced the Ca2+ contents in the cardiomyocytes. Moreover, enforced expression of CaV1.2 increased the calcium level in cardiomyocytes overexpressing HOTAIR. down—regulation of HOTAIR and up—regulation of CaV1.2 further enhanced the Ca2+ contents in the cardiomyocytes Taken together, these results for the first time demonstrate that HOTAIR inhibited the intracellular Ca2+ via regulation of CaV1.2 in human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Tan
- Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - M Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet—sun University Department of Gynecology& Obstetric Guangzhou China
| | - Z Liu
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Guangzhou China
| | - T Y Wu
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Guangzhou China
| | - Y Yang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Guangzhou China
| | - J Luo
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Guangzhou China
| | - J Yang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Guangzhou China
| | - Y Luo
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Guangzhou China Yiluo63@163.com
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Wu TY, Ding SQ, Zhang SL, Duan JQ, Li BY, Zhan ZY, Wu QL, Baomu S, Liang BZ, Han SR, Jie YL, Li G, Sun L, Kayser B. Altitude Illness in Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Passengers. High Alt Med Biol 2010; 11:189-98. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2009.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yi Wu
- Physiological Research Group of the Ministry of Railroad, PRC
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai, PRC
| | - Shou Quan Ding
- Emergency Center of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway, Golmud, PRC
| | - Sheng Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Qinghai Hospital of Railway, Xining, PRC
| | - Jin Qing Duan
- Emergency Center of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway, Golmud, PRC
| | - Bao Yu Li
- General Hospital of the China Railway, Beijing, PRC
| | - Zhong Yan Zhan
- Emergency Center of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway, Golmud, PRC
| | - Qin Li Wu
- Emergency Center of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway, Golmud, PRC
| | - Suolung Baomu
- Emergency Center of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway, Golmud, PRC
| | - Bao Zhu Liang
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Company, Beijing, Xining, PRC
| | - Shu Rang Han
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Company, Beijing, Xining, PRC
| | - Yu Ling Jie
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Company, Beijing, Xining, PRC
| | - Gang Li
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Company, Beijing, Xining, PRC
| | - Lin Sun
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Company, Beijing, Xining, PRC
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institut des sciences du mouvement et de la médecine du sport, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Wu TY, Ding SQ, Liu JL, Yu MT, Jia JH, Duan JQ, Chai ZC, Dai RC, Zhang SL, Liang BZ, Zhao JZ, Qi DT, Sun YF, Kayser B. Reduced Incidence and Severity of Acute Mountain Sickness in Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Construction Workers after Repeated 7-Month Exposures despite 5-Month Low Altitude Periods. High Alt Med Biol 2009; 10:221-32. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2009.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yi Wu
- Physiological Research Group of the Ministry of Railroad, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Shou Quan Ding
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Hospitals of the Construction Company, Golmud, P. R. China
| | - Jin Liang Liu
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Hospitals of the Construction Company, Golmud, P. R. China
| | - Man Tang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Hou Jia
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Hospitals of the Construction Company, Golmud, P. R. China
| | - Jun Qing Duan
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Hospitals of the Construction Company, Golmud, P. R. China
| | - Zuo Chuan Chai
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Hospitals of the Construction Company, Golmud, P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen Dai
- Qinghai–Tibet Railroad Hospitals of the Construction Company, Golmud, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Qinghai Hospital of Railway, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Bao Zhu Liang
- China Railroad Construction Company, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ji Zhui Zhao
- China Railroad Construction Company, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - De Tang Qi
- China Railroad Construction Company, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fu Sun
- China Railroad Construction Company, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institut des sciences du mouvement et de la macute médecine du sport, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Tzen CY, Wu CJ, Huang ZD, Wu TY. Poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma versus leiomyosarcoma of the ureter: different defects in tumour suppressor genes. Histopathology 2007; 51:271-3. [PMID: 17593211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Leiomyosarcoma/diagnosis
- Leiomyosarcoma/genetics
- Leiomyosarcoma/metabolism
- Leiomyosarcoma/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Ureteral Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Ureteral Neoplasms/genetics
- Ureteral Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ureteral Neoplasms/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
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15
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Pływaczewski R, Wu TY, Wang XQ, Cheng HW, Sliwiński PS, Zieliński J. Sleep structure and periodic breathing in Tibetans and Han at simulated altitude of 5000 m. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2003; 136:187-97. [PMID: 12853010 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9048(03)00081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tibetans are the oldest population living permanently at high altitude. They possess several adaptations to low oxygen pressure that improve oxygen transport. We hypothesised that native Tibetans have mechanisms allowing them to maintain a better sleep structure and oxygenation during sleep at high altitude than newcomers from lower altitudes acclimatised to living at high altitude. We studied eight healthy young Tibetans, aged 26+/-7 years, and six healthy young Han aged 30.5+/-4 years. All subjects were living on the Tibetan plateau at an altitude of around 4000 m. Investigations were performed in Xining at an altitude of 2261 m, PB=581 mmHg. Two full polysomnographies (PSG) were performed in a hypobaric chamber, one at the ambient altitude, the second during acute exposure to the simulated altitude of 5000 m (PB=405 mmHg). Both PSG were done on the same night using split night design. At 2261 m no differences in sleep structure, breathing pattern during sleep or oxygenation were found, except a higher number of arousals and awakenings in Han (P<0.002). At 5000 m Tibetans had a longer sleep time (P=0.002), shorter stage 1 non-REM sleep (P<0.001) and longer stage 2 non-REM sleep than Han (P<0.001). Tibetans showed a trend to have more periodic breathing (PB) and higher mean arterial blood saturation than Han (NS). Our data suggest that Tibetans preserved better sleep structure and arterial blood oxygenation than Han during acute exposure to the simulated altitude of 5000 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pływaczewski
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Plocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
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Wu TY, Fleischmann WR. Murine B16 melanoma vaccination-induced tumor immunity: identification of specific immune cells and functions involved. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2001; 21:1117-27. [PMID: 11798470 DOI: 10.1089/107999001317205259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination using inactivated B16 melanoma cells that have been treated in vitro for > 2 weeks with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) (B16alpha cells) has been shown to elicit a protective host antitumor immunity. In these studies, vaccination with B16alpha cells has been shown to provide protection against primary B16 tumor challenge, established B16 tumors, and metastatic B16 tumors. Specific immune cells and factors that might mediate this tumor immunity have now been evaluated. Macrophage depletion studies suggest that macrophage function is required for expression of tumor immunity either for processing of antigen or for cytokine production but that macrophage function is not involved in direct cytotoxicity against the B16 challenge tumor. CD8(+) T cell depletion studies show that cytotoxic T cell function is required for expression of tumor immunity. Syngeneic knockout mouse experiments offer further insights into the immune cells and factors that mediate the development and expression of tumor immunity. First, interleukin-12 (IL-12) knockout mouse experiments identify IL-12 as an important cytokine in mediating the development of tumor immunity. Second, specific knockout mouse experiments show that tumor immunity requires the function of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Third, specific knockout mouse experiments show that tumor immunity does not require the function of B cells. The results suggest that vaccination with inactivated B16alpha cells induces an active, cell-mediated immunity to B16 melanoma cells. The tumor vaccination protocol with B16alpha cell vaccinations establishes a potent tumor immunity against B16 melanoma tumors in mice and may serve as a model for induction of tumor immunity against primary or secondary melanoma tumors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Abstract
2,3,5-Trisubstituted indoles are synthesized in three steps starting from resin-bound aniline 2. R1 is introduced by a palladium-mediated coupling of the aryl iodide with terminal alkynes followed by intramolecular cyclization to form the indole core. Acylation at C-3 with an acid chloride in the presence of AlCl(3) catalyst introduces R2. The indole C-5 position is then diversified either by Sonagashira or Suzuki couplings with the aryl bromide. Finally, indole N-1 can be modified by post-cleavage methylation. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Abstract
Mycobacterium kansasii is a common and virulent pathogen. However, primary cutaneous M kansasii infection has rarely been reported, totaling to only 34 cases since 1965. This low incidence has not been explained, but probably is due to difficulty in culture or phenotyping. We describe the first reported case of cutaneous M kansasii diagnosed by genotyping, which is based on the DNA extracted from the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tzen
- Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Abstract
Analysis of the polymorphic sequences in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been widely applied to forensic tests and anthropology studies. However, these polymorphic data in human have thus far been derived from the displacement-loop and intergenic regions only. Here, we report the identification of clustered polymorphic sites in the mitochondria coding region encompassing position 8389-8865. The DNA sequences of 119 unrelated Chinese were determined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. The results showed that heteroplasmy was found in five individuals, 39 sites were noted in this 477 bp region, and 41 haplotypes were identified. The probability of identity and allelic diversity were estimated as 0.1265 and 0.8809, respectively. The results suggest that sequence polymorphism from position 8389-8865 in human mtDNA can be used as a marker for identity investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tzen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Taipei Medical College, 45 Minsheng Road, Tamshui, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the growth patterns of Chinese-American infants from birth to 1 year old. METHODS Retrospective cohort design comparing the growth patterns of 163 Chinese infants living in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and 158 Chinese infants living in Taipei, Taiwan. All infants were born at full-term, without major medical illnesses. RESULTS Chinese-American infants were significantly heavier and longer than Taiwanese infants for all age groups and for both genders. Chinese-American infants were born at average weights, rose to the 70th to 80th percentile between 2 and 6 months, and declined to the 50th percentile or less at 9 to 12 months (when measured by American growth charts). When these infants' lengths and weights are plotted on Taiwan's growth curves, no such fluctuations were seen. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that rapid weight gain in Chinese-American infants in the first 6 months after birth can be expected, and may then lessen. By the first year, on average, these infants' weights will be < 50th percentile using the American National Center for Health Statistics growth standard. These findings can reassure health providers and help them to provide sound nutritional recommendations and counselling to parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Wu
- Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA.
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephropathy caused by mitochondrial disorders is a relatively newly recognized disease. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature, and most of them are proximal tubulopathy-presenting Fanconi syndrome. Here we report on a novel mutation in two familial cases of tubulointerstitial nephropathy associated with concentrating defect. METHODS Renal biopsy specimens were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Mitochondrial genomic DNA isolated from renal biopsy specimens was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced in its entirety. The DNA sequences were analyzed by (1) comparing with the Anderson et al's mitochondrial sequences; (2) comparing with DNA sequences obtained from 97 human controls, including both healthy individuals and patients with renal diseases; and (3) comparing with the counterparts in 90 different species. RESULTS Dismorphic mitochondria with occasional intramitochondrial inclusions were found in the renal tubular epithelial cells. A novel mitochondrial point mutation was identified at the position 608, that is, the distal end of the anticodon stem of the tRNA(Phe) molecule. The A to G substitution at this position was not observed in 97 human controls and was found to be highly conserved in evolution. CONCLUSIONS We have identified an A608G mutation of mitochondrial genome in two cases whose presentation include tubulointerstitial nephritis and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tzen
- Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Wu TY, Liono L, Chen SL, Chen CY, Chao YC. Expression of highly controllable genes in insect cells using a modified tetracycline-regulated gene expression system. J Biotechnol 2000; 80:75-83. [PMID: 10862988 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(00)00247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A modified tetracycline-responsive expression system (TRES) for use in insect cells was developed. The TRES contains two components: one encodes a tetracycline-controllable transactivator (tTA) and the other contains a tet operator DNA sequence to drive the luciferase gene. Our results show that the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, an essential part for strong tTA expression in mammalian system, was not functional in insect cells. Thus further modifications were required. Functional tTA was efficiently expressed in Sf9, Sf21, and TN368 cells by the p10 promoter of Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) in plasmid form with virus co-infection. An increase of up to 258-fold of luciferase activity was detected in these cells when both components in modified TRES were co-transfected. In order to further simplify the experiment, tTA, which is driven by the p10 promoter, was inserted into AcMNPV. Luciferase activity was also strongly stimulated by the infection of this tTA expression-recombinant virus with the transfection of a plasmid containing the second TRES component expressing luciferase. The luciferase expressions in these systems, either in plasmids or the tTA gene in virus and luciferase in plasmid, were significantly suppressed by tetracycline. The time course kinetics of tetracycline action to the TRES were further studied. Within a time span of 50 h, the luciferase activities could be fully suppressed or activated, respectively, corresponding to the addition or removal of tetracycline. These experiments have established a well-regulated gene expression system for further broad applications of molecular biological studies in insect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
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Chang KH, Chen ML, Chen HC, Huang YW, Wu TY, Chen YJ. Enhancement of radiosensitivity in human glioblastoma U138MG cells by tetrandrine. Neoplasma 1999; 46:196-200. [PMID: 10613597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetrandrine, a natural lipid-soluble alkaloid with a low molecular weight, has both anti-tumor activity and a tissue-protective effect, as demonstrated in our previous studies. We studied tetrandrine to determine whether or not it enhanced radiosensitivity in human glioblastoma U138MG cells. Tetrandrine at concentration of 5.0 and 7.5 eg/ml dramatically enhanced the growth-inhibiting effect of radiation. This effect is dose-dependent on the dose of both tetrandrine and radiation. Moreover, we found that tetrandrine eliminated the cell cycle perturbation induced by radiation. Cells treated with tetrandrine alone as well as with a combination of tetrandrine and radiation became rounded, floated up and grew sparsely under observation under an inverted light microscope, DNA fragmentation was also noted by gel electrophoresis. These findings suggest that tetrandrine has potential as an adjunct to radiotherapy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipli, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu TY, Fleischmann WR. Efficacy of B16 melanoma cells exposed in vitro to long-term IFN-alpha treatment (B16alpha cells) as a tumor vaccine in mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1998; 18:829-39. [PMID: 9809618 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1998.18.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B16 melanoma cells exposed to >2 weeks of in vitro interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) treatment (B16alpha cells) were UV inactivated and used for vaccination. This vaccination was efficacious against challenge with parental B16 cells in the absence of adjuvant therapy. Vaccinations based on parental cells and B16 cells exposed to short-term in vitro IFN-alpha treatment were not effective. The efficacy of B16alpha vaccination was evaluated using three B16 tumor models. Using intraperitoneal (i.p.) tumor challenge given after vaccination, vaccination efficacy depended on the concentration of IFN-alpha to which B16alpha cells were exposed, the number of inactivated B16alpha cells inoculated, the number of inoculations administered, and the amount of tumor burden. A significant fraction (30%) of vaccinated mice surviving initial challenge had durable immunity against a second parental tumor challenge. This immunity increased to 92% with administration of a single booster vaccination. Using metastatic tumor challenge given after vaccination, vaccination reduced lung metastases by approximately 67%. Using vaccination begun 3 days after subcutaneous (s.c.) tumor challenge, regression of established tumor occurred when vaccination was given i.p. (39%) or contralaterally s.c. (53%). Taken together, the results suggest that vaccination with inactivated B16alpha cells may serve as a model for induction of host tumor immunity against primary or secondary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA
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Linakis JG, Savitt DL, Wu TY, Lockhart GR, Lacouture PG. Use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate for reduction of plasma lithium concentrations after chronic lithium dosing in mice. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1998; 36:309-13. [PMID: 9711196 DOI: 10.3109/15563659809028026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate lowers plasma lithium concentrations after acutely administered oral doses of lithium chloride. However, a significant proportion of lithium overdose cases resulting in morbidity and mortality are those in which exposure to lithium is chronic. This study was designed to determine whether multiple oral doses of sodium polystyrene sulfonate are effective in reducing plasma lithium concentrations after chronic dosing. DESIGN Placebo-controlled animal study. INTERVENTIONS One hundred thirty mice were given 75 mM lithium chloride in their drinking water for a period of 14 days. At the end of that period, half of the animals were given orogastric sodium polystyrene sulfonate at 5 g/kg/dose 0, 60, 120, 180, and 360 minutes after the cessation of lithium chloride; the remaining half received orogastric water at equivalent times. Subgroups of each group were sacrificed at 90, 150, 330, 480, 1440, and 2880 minutes after lithium chloride cessation and plasma analyzed for lithium content. Lithium concentrations were compared by analysis of variance and single degree of freedom contrasts. Significance was set at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS Lithium concentration was lower overall in the animals treated with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (p < .0001) and specifically at 150, 330, and 480 minutes after lithium chloride cessation (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Repetitive oral doses of sodium polystyrene sulfonate effectively lowered plasma lithium concentrations. Further study may ultimately define a role for the use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the treatment of patients with chronic lithium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Linakis
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02903, USA.
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26
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Chao YC, Lee ST, Chang MC, Chen HH, Chen SS, Wu TY, Liu FH, Hsu EL, Hou RF. A 2.9-kilobase noncoding nuclear RNA functions in the establishment of persistent Hz-1 viral infection. J Virol 1998; 72:2233-45. [PMID: 9499081 PMCID: PMC109520 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.3.2233-2245.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential viral gene expression during both productive and persistent infections of Hz-1 virus in insect cells was elucidated. Despite more than 100 viral transcripts being expressed during productive viral infection, massive viral gene shutoff was observed during viral persistency, leaving the 2.9-kb persistence-associated transcript 1 (PAT1) as the only detectable viral RNA. Persistence-associated gene 1 (pag1), which encodes PAT1, was cloned and found to contain no significant open reading frames. PAT1 is not associated with the cellular translation machinery and is located exclusively in the nucleus. Further experiments showed that PAT1 is functional in the establishment of persistent Hz-1 viral infection in the cells. All the evidence collectively indicates that PAT1 is a novel nuclear transcript of viral origin. Our results showed that although PAT1 and XIST RNA, a mammalian X-inactive specific transcript, are transcribed by different genes, they have interesting similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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27
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Abstract
Tetrandrine, a calcium channel antagonist, is a plant alkaloid possessing various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor activity. We studied tetrandrine to determine whether or not this anti-tumor effect occurs through induction of apoptosis. Tetrandrine inhibited both proliferation and clonogenicity of human leukemic U937 cells at an optimal concentration of 2.5 microg/ml. This growth inhibition was dose and time dependent, and accompanied with evidence of apoptotic changes. The characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis were observed in U937 cells under light microscopy and DNA fragmentation was noted by gel electrophoresis. Moreover, flow cytometric detection of surface phosphatidyl serine expression of U937 cells after treatment with tetrandrine confirmed the induction of apoptosis in these cells. The induction of apoptosis by tetrandrine would appear to proceed via non-Ca2+-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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28
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Fleischmann WR, Masoor J, Wu TY, Fleischmann CM. Orally administered IFN-alpha acts alone and in synergistic combination with intraperitoneally administered IFN-gamma to exert an antitumor effect against B16 melanoma in mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1998; 18:17-20. [PMID: 9475662 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1998.18.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of interferons (IFN) via the intranasal route recently has been shown to exert an antitumor activity against a variety of tumors in mice, including B16 melanoma inoculated intravenously. This study confirms the antitumor activity of orally administered IFN-alpha against B16 melanoma challenge using another route of tumor inoculation, the intraperitoneal route. It further demonstrates that orally administered IFN-alpha can synergistically interact with intraperitoneally administered IFN-gamma but not with intraperitoneally administered IFN-alpha. The results support the interpretation that the oral route may provide an effective alternative or supplement to current methods of IFN administration for the control of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Fleischmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-1019, USA
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29
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Drummond JL, Cailas MD, Wu TY. An estimation of the size distribution of amalgam particles in dental treatment waste. J Dent Res 1997; 76:1620. [PMID: 9326892 DOI: 10.1177/00220345970760100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Chen QH, Ge RL, Wang XZ, Chen HX, Wu TY, Kobayashi T, Yoshimura K. Exercise performance of Tibetan and Han adolescents at altitudes of 3,417 and 4,300 m. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1997; 83:661-7. [PMID: 9262465 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1997.83.2.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The difference was studied between O2 transport in lifelong Tibetan adolescents and in newcomer Han adolescents acclimatized to high altitude. We measured minute ventilation, maximal O2 uptake, maximal cardiac output, and arterial O2 saturation during maximal exercise, using the incremental exercise technique, at altitudes of 3,417 and 4,300 m. The groups were well matched for age, height, and nutritional status. The Tibetans had been living at the altitudes for a longer period than the Hans (14.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 7.8 +/- 0.8 yr at 3,417 m, P < 0.01; and 14.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.7 yr at 4,300 m, P < 0.01, respectively). At rest, Tibetans had significantly greater vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilation than the Hans at both altitudes. At maximal exercise, Tibetans compared with Hans had higher maximal O2 uptake (42.2 +/- 1.7 vs. 36.7 +/- 1.2 ml . min-1 . kg-1 at 3,417 m, P < 0.01; and 36.8 +/- 1.9 vs. 30.0 +/- 1. 4 ml . min-1 . kg-1 at 4,300 m, P < 0.01, respectively) and greater maximal cardiac output (12.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 11.4 +/- 0.2 l/min at 3,417 m, P < 0.01; 11.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 10.0 +/- 0.5 l/min at 4,300 m, P < 0. 05, respectively). Although the differences in arterial O2 saturation between Tibetans and Hans were not significant at rest and during mild exercise, the differences became greater with increases in exercise workload at both altitudes. We concluded that exposure to high altitude from birth to adolescence resulted in an efficient O2 transport and a greater aerobic exercise performance that may reflect a successful adaptation to life at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Chen
- Qinghai High Altitude Medical Science Institute, Xining, Qinghai 810012, China
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Fleischmann CM, Wu TY, Fleischmann WR. B16 melanoma cells exposed in vitro to long-term IFN-alpha treatment (B16 alpha cells) as activators of tumor immunity in mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1997; 17:37-43. [PMID: 9041470 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1997.17.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice inoculated with B16 melanoma cells exposed to long-term in vitro IFN-alpha treatment (> or = 14 days, B16 alpha cells) but not short-term in vitro IFN-alpha treatment (24 h) exhibited an enhanced survival time. Enhanced survival time also occurred when inactivated B16 alpha cells were inoculated at the same time as live B16 cells. Further, an even greater improvement in survival time was observed when the inactivated B16 alpha cells were inoculated before live B16 cell challenge. No enhancement in survival time was observed when mice were inoculated with inactivated, untreated B16 cells. Enhancement of survival time by B16 alpha cells was unrelated to retrovirus surface antigen expression. Long-lasting protective immunity to B16 cells was observed in mice that survived B16 alpha cell, but not normal B16 cell, challenge and subsequent IFN treatment. It is evident that inoculation with inactivated B16 alpha cells, but not with inactivated untreated B16 cells, was able to prolong significantly the survival time of mice either simultaneously or subsequently challenged with live B16 cells. Additionally, survival of B16 alpha-inoculated but not B16-inoculated mice was accompanied by a durable immunity. Inoculation of inactivated B16 alpha cells may serve as a model for the induction of host immunity to a parental primary or secondary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Fleischmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA
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Wu TY, Liu CI, Chang YC. A study of the oligomeric state of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-preferring glutamate receptors in the synaptic junctions of porcine brain. Biochem J 1996; 319 ( Pt 3):731-9. [PMID: 8920974 PMCID: PMC1217850 DOI: 10.1042/bj3190731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The number of the subunits in an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-preferring L-glutamate receptor in the synaptic junctions of porcine brain was investigated in this study. Upon incubation of the synaptic junctions with three cross-linking regents, dimethyl adipimidate (DMA), dimethyl suberimidate (DMS) and N-succinimidyl-(4-azidophenyl)-1,3'-dithiopropionate (SADP), AMPA receptor subunits in higher-molecular-mass aggregates were detected by immunoblotting. These aggregates migrated as proteins of approx. 200, 300 and 400 kDa. The number and identity of the subunits in a solubilized AMPA receptor were also investigated here. Two samples, W1 and W2, enriched in AMPA receptors were prepared from synaptic junctions by a combination of detergent-solubilization, anion-exchange chromatography and wheatgerm agglutinin affinity chromatography. Hydrodynamic behaviour analyses revealed that the majority of the AMPA receptors in either one of these samples were asymmetrical detergent-surrounded particles with a protein mass around 350 kDa. SDS/PAGE analysis revealed that the majority of AMPA receptors in the W1 sample were comprised of dimers of 106 kDa subunits which were covalently linked by disulphide bonds. Cross-linking these receptors with SADP yielded a new band of approx. 400 kDa. The results obtained here, either from the studies of AMPA receptors embedding in synaptic junctions or from those of detergent-solubilized and partially purified receptors, suggest that AMPA receptors contain a basic core structure comprising of four 106 kDa subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chang YC, Wu TY, Li BF, Gao LH, Liu CI, Wu CL. Purification and biochemical characterization of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate-sensitive L-glutamate receptors of pig brain. Biochem J 1996; 319 ( Pt 1):49-57. [PMID: 8870648 PMCID: PMC1217734 DOI: 10.1042/bj3190049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Two preparations of glutamate receptors were purified from the synaptic junctions of pig brain by a combination of detergent solubilization, anion-exchange chromatography, wheat-germ agglutinin affinity chromatography and sedimentation through sucrose gradients. These preparations were enriched in specific L-[3H]glutamate binding activity (> 5000 pmol of glutamate binding sites/mg of protein), and the rank order of ligand affinity for binding to these preparations was: quisqualate > 6-cyano-7- nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) > L-glutamate > kainate > > N-methyl-D-aspartate approximately L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate. SDS/PAGE analysis revealed that more than 80% of the protein in either of these preparations appeared as a single protein band of 106 kDa. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis further revealed that these 106 kDa proteins consisted of a series of acidic proteins which were recognized by antibodies against rat AMPA receptor subunits. These 106 kDa proteins were also recognized by wheatgerm agglutinin and concanavalin A; in addition, peptide N-glycosidase F treatment of these preparations decreased their size to 99 kDa. Our results suggest that the putative glutamate receptors isolated here are likely to belong to the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors in pig brain. Using the purification procedure reported here, 5 micrograms of AMPA receptor proteins can be isolated from 250 g of pig brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chang
- Institute of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Bang SH, Sheu BJ, Wu TY. Optimal solutions for cellular neural networks by paralleled hardware annealing. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 1996; 7:440-454. [PMID: 18255597 DOI: 10.1109/72.485679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An engineering annealing method for optimal solutions of cellular neural networks is presented. Cellular neural networks are very promising in solving many scientific problems in image processing, pattern recognition, and optimization by the use of stored program with predetermined templates. Hardware annealing, which is a paralleled version of mean-field annealing in analog networks, is a highly efficient method of finding optimal solutions of cellular neural networks. It does not require any stochastic procedure and henceforth can be very fast. The generalized energy function of the network is first increased by reducing the voltage gain of each neuron. Then, the hardware annealing searches for the globally minimum energy state by continuously increasing the gain of neurons. The process of global optimization by the proposed annealing can be described by the eigenvalue problems in the time-varying dynamic system. In typical nonoptimization problems, it also provides enough stimulation to frozen neurons caused by ill-conditioned initial states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Bang
- Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Knopf PM, Cserr HF, Nolan SC, Wu TY, Harling-Berg CJ. Physiology and immunology of lymphatic drainage of interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid from the brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1995; 21:175-80. [PMID: 7477724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1995.tb01047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P M Knopf
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, USA
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Wu TY, Chang YC. Hydrodynamic and pharmacological characterization of putative alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate-sensitive L-glutamate receptors solubilized from pig brain. Biochem J 1994; 300 ( Pt 2):365-71. [PMID: 7516151 PMCID: PMC1138171 DOI: 10.1042/bj3000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
L-[3H]Glutamate binding sites with characteristics resembling that of membrane-bound alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate-subtype L-glutamate receptors have been solubilized from pig brain synaptic junctions by Triton X-114. Binding of [3H]AMPA to these soluble sites in the presence of KSCN results in a curvilinear Scatchard plot that can be resolved into a high-affinity component and a low-affinity component. These Triton-X-114-solubilized sites can be further separated into two species of binding sites by gel-filtration chromatography or sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. The pharmacological profiles of these two species of binding site are almost identical, and the rank orders of potency for glutamatergic drugs in displacing L-[3H]glutamate binding to these sites are quisqualate > 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > AMPA > L-glutamate > kainate >> N-methyl-D-aspartate = L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate. Both sites are found to bind [3H]AMPA, and in the presence of KSCN the binding activities are significantly enhanced. Analysis of the hydrodynamic behaviour of these binding sites by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation in H2O- and 2H2O-based solvents and gel-filtration chromatography has revealed that one of these sites (Stokes radius 8.3 nm, sedimentation coefficient 18.5 S) consists of 562 kDa protein and 281 kDa detergent, and the other site (Stokes radius 9.6 nm, sedimentation coefficient 13.4 S) consists of 352 kDa protein and 569 kDa detergent. Frictional coefficients of these sites indicate that these receptor-detergent complexes are asymmetrical in structure, consistent with large transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Wu
- Institute of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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37
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Wu TY. Health care in rural Taiwan. R I Med 1994; 77:67-8. [PMID: 8186473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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38
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Takeoka M, Yanagidaira Y, Sakai A, Asano K, Fujiwara T, Yanagisawa K, Kashimura O, Ueda G, Wu TY, Zhang Y. Effects of high altitudes on finger cooling test in Japanese and Tibetans at Qinghai Plateau. Int J Biometeorol 1993; 37:27-31. [PMID: 8468096 DOI: 10.1007/bf01212763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The influences of both hypobaric hypoxia and cold on peripheral circulation were studied using the finger cooling test (measurement of the decrease in finger temperature, measured at the dorsal surface of the finger, during immersion of the hand in 0 degrees C water for 20 min) at Qinghai Plateau. The same test was carried out at simulated altitudes in a 25 degrees C climatic chamber to separate the hypobaric hypoxia influence from that of cold. In Japanese subjects at Qinghai Plateau there was a significant difference between finger skin temperatures (FSTs) during 20 min of 0 degrees C water immersion at altitudes of 2260 m and 4860 m by ANOVA. Mean finger skin temperature during the 20-min immersion (5-20 min, MST) measured at 4860 m was significantly lower than that at 2260 m. In Tibetan subjects, there was also a significant difference between FSTs at 2260 m and at 4860 m by ANOVA. MST at 4860 m tended to be lower than that at 2260 m. In the 25 degrees C climatic chamber, there was a significant difference between FSTs of Japanese expedition members at 2000 m and at 4000 m by ANOVA. MST was higher at 4000 m than at 2000 m, contrary to the data obtained in Qinghai. In conclusion, the higher skin temperature in response to local cold immersion, which would have been caused by stronger hypobaric hypoxia, must have been masked by the lower ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takeoka
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Abstract
This paper describes the characterization and chromosomal distribution of three different rice (Oryza sativa) repetitive DNA sequences. The three sequences were characterized by sequence analysis, which gave 355, 498 and 756 bp for the length of the repeat unit in Os48, OsG3-498 and OsG5-756, respectively. Copy number determination by quantitative DNA slot-blot hybridization analysis showed 4000, 1080 and 920 copies, respectively, per haploid rice genome for the three sequences. In situ DNA hybridization analysis revealed that 95% of the silver grains detected with the Os48 probe were localized to euchromatic ends of seven long arms and one short arm out of the 12 rice chromosomes. For the OsG3-498 repetitive sequence, the majority of silver grains (58%) were also clustered at the same chromosomal ends as that of Os48. The minority (28%) of silver grains were located at heterochromatic short arms and centromeric regions. For the OsG5-756 repetitive sequence, 81% of the silver grains labeled the heterochromatic short arms and regions flanking all of the 12 centromeres. Thus, each of these three repetitive sequences was distributed at specific defined chromosomal locations rather than randomly at many chromosomal locations. The approximate copy number of a given repetitive DNA sequence at any specific chromosomal location was calculated by combining the information from in situ DNA hybridization analysis and the total copy number as determined by DNA slot-blot hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Wu
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
Moderately repetitive DNA sequences are found in the genomes of all eucaryotes that have been examined. We now report the discovery of a novel, transcribed, moderately repetitive DNA sequence in a higher plant which is different from any of the known repetitive DNA sequences from any organism. We isolated a rice cDNA clone which hybridizes to multiple bands on genomic blot analysis. The sequence of this 352 bp cDNA contains four regions of homology to the wheat phenylalanine tRNA, including the polymerase III-type promoter. Unexpectedly, two regions of the same 352 bp sequence also show homology to the wheat 5S RNA sequence. Using the cDNA as a probe, we have isolated six genomic clones which contain long tandem repeats of 355 bp sequence, and have sequenced nine repeat units. Our findings suggest that the rice repetitive sequence may be an amplified pseudogene with sequence homology to both 5S RNA and tRNA, but organized as long tandem repeats resembling 5S RNA genes. This is the first example showing homology between the sequences of a moderately repetitive DNA with unknown function and 5S RNA.
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Wu TY. [An epidemiological study on high altitude disease at Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1987; 8:65-9. [PMID: 3621329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Huang AS, Wu TY, Yilma T, Lanman G. Characterization of virulent isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus in relation to interference by defective particles. Microb Pathog 1986; 1:205-15. [PMID: 2854597 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(86)90022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role that defective interfering (DI) particles might conceivably play in the epizootiology of vesicular stomatitis, two virulent New Jersey (NJ) isolates from the 1982-1983 epizootic in the United States (US) were compared with three laboratory adapted strains of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV): NJ Hazelhurst, NJ Ogden and Indiana San Juan. Successive undiluted passages showed that the virulent isolates did not readily exhibit 'autointerference' because they did not readily generate and amplify DI particles. Viral RNA synthesis of isolates that were exposed to homotypic or heterotypic DI particles generated from the laboratory strains showed that the isolates were totally resistant to the heterotypic DI particle and partially resistant to the homotypic DI particle. In contrast, Indiana San Juan and NJ Ogden were inhibited by hetero- or homotypic DI particles. NJ Hazelhurst more closely resembled the isolates. This demonstrates that virulence of VSV in its natural setting may be related to a number of factors, including the slower generation and amplification of endogenous DI particles, as well as the increased resistance of the virus to some pre-existing DI particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Winet H, Yates GT, Wu TY, Head J. On the mechanics of mucociliary flows. III. Flow-velocity profiles in frog palate mucus. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1984; 56:785-94. [PMID: 6608510 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1984.56.3.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Flow-velocity profiles over excised frog ciliated epithelium were obtained for the region within about 600 micron of the mucosa. Fluorescent particles were used as flow tracers. Both a control and an autologous mucus suspension were observed. The control culture medium was bounded by the walls of the observation chamber, and mucus was deposited on the epithelium as a blob after mixing it with tracers. In spite of the difference in boundary conditions the two profiles, normalized to maximum particle velocity and solution depth, were indistinguishable at heights over 60 micron from the mucosa. The near-mucosa profiles in contrast were unalike with mucus exhibiting a greater shear gradient than the control culture medium. It was concluded that ciliary contact is not necessary for generation of mucus flow provided the ciliary shear is not negated by the mucus "flake" or "slab" being in simultaneous contact with significant ciliostatic patches which would act as anchors.
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Wu TY, Wang SZ. [A composite report on a hypertension survey in several nationalities in the highland of China]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 1984; 12:1-4. [PMID: 6745061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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45
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Wu TY. [Emergency diagnosis of hiatal hernia]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1983; 22:310-1. [PMID: 6605237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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46
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Wu TY. [Epidemiological survey of hypertension among Tibetian nationality in Qinghai Plateau]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1983; 4:65-9. [PMID: 6883485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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47
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Wu TY. [An investigation on high altitude heart disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1983; 63:90-2. [PMID: 6407737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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48
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Cheng CH, Yang YC, Wu TY, Weng PS. Radiation control through licensing and intensive training. Health Phys 1982; 43:803-811. [PMID: 7152945 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-198212000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Various types of intensive training courses to suit radiation workers in different fields were sponsored by both the Atomic Energy Council of Executive Yuan and the National Health Administration of Executive Yuan, Republic of China during the past seven years. During the years 1974-79, the number of radiation workers attending each training course, their age, sex and educational background are presented in detail. The typical course contents for both medical and non-medical radiation workers are given. A summary of the percentage of passes and failures of the final examination given at the end of each training course is also given. The present status of licensing for radiation facilities and workers is described, and its results are indicated. The successful control of ionizing radiation through this kind of intensive training and licensing is evidenced in the film badge records given by a centralized service laboratory located at the National Tsing Hua University.
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Winet H, Yates GT, Wu TY, Head J. On the mechanics of mucociliary flows. II. A fluorescent tracer method for obtaining flow velocity profiles in mucus. Prog Clin Biol Res 1982; 80:29-34. [PMID: 6980421 DOI: 10.1002/cm.970020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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50
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Wu TY. [Survey of hypertension in Qinghai Plateau (author's transl)]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 1981; 9:164-5. [PMID: 7338165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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