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Fedorczak A, Lewiński A, Stawerska R. Sirtuin 1 serum concentration in healthy children - dependence on sex, age, stage of puberty, body weight and diet. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1356612. [PMID: 38529393 PMCID: PMC10961438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1356612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is known to be involved in sensing cellular energy levels and regulating energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate fasting serum SIRT1 levels in healthy children, and to analyse the influence of age, sex, puberty, body weight, height, and diet on its concentration. Methods 47 healthy children aged 4-14 with weight and height within normal range and no chronic disease were included into the study. Fasting serum SIRT1 concentrations were estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results Results showed that serum SIRT1 concentrations in healthy children did not differ with respect to sex, age, height, weight and puberty. Whereas, it appeared that a higher frequency of fruits, vegetables and dairy products consumption was associated with an increase in serum SIRT1 levels. Discussion Studying SIRT1 in the context of children's health may have implications for a broader understanding of growth processes, pubertal development, metabolic disorders and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fedorczak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Stawerska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Uwanibe JN, Olawoye IB, Happi CT, Folarin OA. Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria from Healthy Children in Osun State, Nigeria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:505. [PMID: 38543556 PMCID: PMC10974654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for the spread and persistence of bacterial infections. Surveillance of AMR in healthy individuals is usually not considered, though these individuals serve as reservoirs for continuous disease transmission. Therefore, it is essential to conduct epidemiological surveillance of AMR in healthy individuals to fully understand the dynamics of AMR transmission in Nigeria. Thirteen multidrug-resistant Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli isolated from stool samples of healthy children were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina and Oxford nanopore sequencing platforms. A bioinformatics analysis revealed antimicrobial resistance genes such as the pmrB_Y358N gene responsible for colistin resistance detected in E. coli ST219, virulence genes such as senB, and ybtP&Q, and plasmids in the isolates sequenced. All isolates harbored more than three plasmid replicons of either the Col and/or Inc type. Plasmid reconstruction revealed an integrated tetA gene, a toxin production caa gene in two E. coli isolates, and a cusC gene in K. quasivariicola ST3879, which induces neonatal meningitis. The global spread of AMR pathogenic enteric bacteria is of concern, and surveillance should be extended to healthy individuals, especially children. WGS for epidemiological surveillance will improve the detection of AMR pathogens for management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Uwanibe
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Idowu B. Olawoye
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Christian T. Happi
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Onikepe A. Folarin
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
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Ma C, Zhang Y, Wang H. Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae carriage among healthy children in China: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35313. [PMID: 37933036 PMCID: PMC10627696 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) commonly causes invasive and noninvasive bacterial infections. Nationwide investigation on the carriage characteristics of H influenzae in healthy children in China is lacking. We reviewed the prevalence of H influenzae infections in this population. METHODS PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of Hi among healthy children in China from inception to November 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0. RESULTS A total of 28 studies involving 14,301 children were included, among whom there were 2878 children with Hi. The pooled carriage rate of Hi was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.17-0.25). Subgroup analysis indicated no significant sex- or age-related differences. The proportion of Hi in winter (29%) was higher than that in other seasons. Results indicated significant differences among the provinces, with carriage proportions ranging from 0.11 to 0.60. The proportion of nontypeable H influenzae (NTHi) was higher than that of the capsular type. The proportion of Hib in the capsular type (2%) was higher than that in other serotypes. CONCLUSIONS The carriage rate of Hi in healthy children in China was 21% with no sex-related age differences. The proportion of Hi in winter was high, and the proportions of Hi in different regions were significantly different. NTHi was the predominant serotype detected in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yutuo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Hebei North University Library, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
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Loleska S, Pop-Jordanova N. Web Platform for Gathering and Analyzing Data from the Neurogame Mobile Application. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2023; 44:189-201. [PMID: 37453118 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2023-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Today's cell phones are now smartphones, providing a wide range of possibilities for their use, much more than just simple phones. The custom application for the Android operating system, based on an open-source platform for mobile devices is intended for the examination of cognitive functions: attention, concentration and fine motor skills in children of different age groups. The Neurogame application for mobile devices and web platform development is used for retrieving and analyzing mobile application data, providing relevant indicators for the executive functions of the respondents. Material and methods: The research included 50 children with the developmental disorders ADHD and dyslexia (study group) and 50 healthy children (control group), randomly selected, evenly represented by gender and age. Using the application, we determine attention, concentration and motor skills (reaction speed) as part of the executive functions of the respondents. The web platform has the purpose of gathering and processing the data from the mobile application, as well as their automatic visual representation. Results: The ANOVA test showed that there are no gender differences in all the studied groups. A statistical correlation analysis showed that age does not affect the results in healthy school children. In children with dyslexia, age affects positively for total hits and negatively for total misses. In children with ADHD, there is a positive correlation with age for all variables except total hits (t H). Student's T-test showed that there were significant differences for the variables' total hits (t H) and total reaction time (t h) in milliseconds between healthy school children and children with dyslexia. Additionally, Student's t-test indicated that there were significant differences for the variables' total tries (t T) and total hits (t H) between healthy school children and children with ADHD. Finally, Student's t-test indicated that there were significant differences for the variable total tries (t T) between children with dyslexia and children with ADHD. Multiple Regression Results showed a significant difference between healthy school children, children with ADHD and children with dyslexia for all variables (total tries (t T), total hits (t H), total misses (t M) and total reaction time in milliseconds (t h)). Conclusion: The Neurogame application provides a opportunity to assess the motor skills and concentration level, as well as the focus of the target population by measuring the total number of tries, the total number of hits, the total number of misses and the reaction time expressed in milliseconds which are defined as monitoring variables. The development of the web platform and the connection to the application enabled easier access and distribution of the analyzed results to the stakeholders (parents, teachers, therapists or health professionals) in order to further treat the ascertained condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Loleska
- 1PhD Student at the Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, RN Macedonia
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Meirelles-Cardoso TBBC, Slhessarenko N, Fontes CJF. Reference intervals for serum TSH concentrations of healthy children from the Central Region of Brazil. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2023; 67:e220499. [PMID: 37364157 PMCID: PMC10660994 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2022-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to determine the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration reference intervals (RIs) of healthy children aged 1 to 10 years of both sexes, living in the Central Region of Brazil. Subjects and methods 1,735 children [869 (50.1%) female; 866 (49.9%) male] enrolled in the morning shift of 47 pre- and 83 public elementary schools in the municipality of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, were studied by gathering anthropometric and social data and their medical history. A blood sample was collected from each child to determine the TSH concentration using the electrochemiluminescence method on a Cobas® 6000 modular analyzer (Analyzer series, Roche Diagnostics). Results The RIs were determined using the 2.5 and 97.5 percentile and the mean ± 2 standard deviations methods. After identifying the homoscedastic groups by age and sex, outliers higher or lower than three standard deviations were excluded. The distribution of serum TSH concentrations showed no significant age or sex differences. Based on the percentile method, TSH RI ranged from 0.93 to 5.86 μIU/mL. Based on the mean ± 2 standard deviations, TSH RI ranged from 0.30 to 5.29 μIU/mL. Conclusion The normal serum TSH concentration of the Brazilian children evaluated in this study differ from those of populations from other countries. Other regional population studies may validate the RIs found in this study and enable its safer use in pediatric clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tula Beatriz Brandão Caldas Meirelles-Cardoso
- Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil,
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Faculdade de Medicina, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Natasha Slhessarenko
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Pediatria, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
- Alta Excelência Diagnóstica (DASA), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Cor Jesus Fernandes Fontes
- Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
- Centro Universitário de Várzea Grande (UNIVAG), Várzea Grande, MT, Brasil
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Bergkamp SC, Smith V, Kuijpers TW, Cutolo M, van den Berg JM, Schonenberg-Meinema D. Correlations between capillary density and degree of skin pigmentation in healthy children analysed by nailfold video capillaroscopy. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:3938-3947. [PMID: 37284120 PMCID: PMC10240033 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC) is a simple, non-invasive diagnostic tool but studies with normal values for capillary density in healthy children are rare. Ethnic background seems to play a role in capillary density; however, this is not well substantiated yet. In this work, we set out to evaluate influence of ethnic background/skin pigmentation and age on capillary density reading in healthy children. Secondary aim was to investigate whether there is a significant difference in density between different fingers within the same patient. Methods Between 2016 and 2021, healthy children from schools around AUMC were approached, by convenience sampling. In this cross-sectional study, capillaroscopic images were obtained in a one-time videocapillaroscopy (×200 magnification) addressing the capillary density (i.e., number of capillaries per linear millimetre in the distal row). This parameter was compared to age, sex, ethnicity, skin pigment grade (I-III) and between eight different fingers, excluding the thumbs. Density differences were compared by ANOVAs. Correlations between capillary density and age were calculated with Pearson correlations. Results We investigated 145 healthy children with mean age of 11.03 years (SD 3.51). The range of capillary density was 4-11 capillaries per millimetre. We observed a lower capillary density in the 'grade II' (6.4±0.5 cap/mm, P<0.001) and 'grade III' (5.9±0.8 cap/mm, P<0.001) pigmented-classified groups compared to the 'grade I' group (7.0±0.7 cap/mm). We did not find a significant correlation between age and density in the overall group. The fifth fingers on both sides had a significantly lower density compared to the other fingers. Conclusions Healthy children <18 years with higher degree of skin pigmentation show a significantly lower nailfold capillary density. In subjects with an African/Afro-Caribbean and North-African/Middle-Eastern ethnicity, a significantly lower mean capillary density was observed compared to subjects with the Caucasian ethnicity (P<0.001, and P<0.05, respectively. There were no significant differences between other ethnicities. No correlation was found between age and capillary density. The fifth fingers on both hands displayed lower capillary density compared to the other fingers. This needs to be taken into account when describing lower density in paediatric patients with connective tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy C. Bergkamp
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Centre (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - J. Merlijn van den Berg
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieneke Schonenberg-Meinema
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Söhnel T, Meigen C, Hiemisch A, Wahl S, Ziemssen F, Truckenbrod C, Hübner K, Kiess W. Normative data for macular and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in healthy German children and adolescents using optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023. [PMID: 36930522 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish normative data for macular thickness, macular volume and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness using Spectralis® spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in healthy German children and adolescents and investigate influencing factors. METHODS The cross-sectional study included the right eye of 695 children with at least one complete retinal OCT scan. As part of the LIFE Child study, the children underwent an ophthalmological examination including axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE) and OCT measurements. Various questionnaires were answered by the children or their parents to identify media use or outdoor time. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the potential influencing factors. RESULTS A total of 342 boys and 353 girls with an average age (SD) of 12.91 (3.29) years participated. The mean AL (SD) was 23.20 (0.86) mm. The mean macular thickness (SD) was 320.53 (12.29) μm and the mean RNFL thickness (SD) was 102.88 (8.79) μm. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between average macular thickness and age (p < 0.001, β = 0.77) as well as AL (p < 0.001, β = -4.06). In addition, boys had thicker maculae (p < 0.001, β = 5.36). The RNFL thickness showed no significant correlation with children's age (p > 0.05), but with AL (p = 0.002, β = -2.15), birth weight (p = 0.02, β = 0.003) and a gender-specific effect of the body mass index standard deviation score for male participants (p = 0.02, β = 1.93). CONCLUSION This study provides normative data and correlations between macular and RNFL thickness in healthy German children. Especially age, gender and AL must be taken into account when evaluating quantitative OCT measurements to classify them as normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Söhnel
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christof Meigen
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiemisch
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Women and Child Health Leipzig, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Wahl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
| | - Focke Ziemssen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolin Truckenbrod
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Hübner
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Women and Child Health Leipzig, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Yin Z, Zheng C, Fang Q, Wen T, Wang S, Li J, Gong X, Xiang Z. Comparing the pertussis antibody levels of healthy children immunized with four doses of DTap-IPV/Hib (Pentaxim) combination vaccine and DTaP vaccine in Quzhou, China. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1055677. [PMID: 36685526 PMCID: PMC9852981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high coverage of pertussis vaccines in high-income countries, pertussis resurgence has been reported in recent years, and has stimulated interest in the effects of vaccines and vaccination strategies. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis toxoid (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN) after immunization with four doses of co-purified or component vaccines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serological data of PT-IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) over time since vaccination were used to fit the mathematical models. A total of 953 children were included in this study; 590 participants received four doses of the component acellular vaccine and 363 participants received four doses of the co-purified acellular vaccine. The GMCs and the seropositivity rate of pertussis IgG were significantly influenced by the production methods, and the immunogenicity of the component acellular vaccine was superior to that of the co-purified acellular vaccine. The fitted mathematical models for the component acellular vaccine and the co-purified acellular vaccine were Y=91.20e-0.039x and Y=37.71x-0.493, respectively. The initial GMCs of the component acellular vaccine was higher than that of the co-purified acellular vaccine, but both were similar at 72 months after immunization. Pertussis IgG levels waned over time after four doses of acellular pertussis vaccine, regardless of whether component or co-purified vaccine was used. The development and promotion of component acellular pertussis vaccines should be accelerated in China, and booster doses of pertussis vaccine in adolescents, adults, and pregnant women should be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yin
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China,School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Zhiying Yin, ; Ziling Xiang,
| | - Canjie Zheng
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanjun Fang
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingcui Wen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junji Li
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Gong
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziling Xiang
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Zhiying Yin, ; Ziling Xiang,
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Li Y, Zhu Y, Wan C, Wen Y. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia complicated with non-traumatic mediastinal abscess in children: A case report. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1115788. [PMID: 36925664 PMCID: PMC10011612 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia complicated with non-traumatic mediastinal abscess rarely occurs in children. Herein, we report a case of S. aureus bacteremia in a previously healthy 15-month-old boy, which was complicated with a non-traumatic mediastinal abscess, followed by recovery without surgery. Case presentation A previously healthy 15-month-old boy presented to the hospital with a high fever, accompanied by chills, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea, and slight cough. Contrast-enhanced computerized tomography revealed mediastinal abscess and blood culture analysis showed the presence of S. aureus which was methicillin-susceptible. With prompt initiation of antibiotic treatment, with appropriate duration, the patient successfully recovered without surgical drainage upon discharge. Conclusions Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia complicated with non-traumatic mediastinal abscess is rare in children, and early recognition and appropriate management are essential for a successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Women and Children Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Women and Children Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaomin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Women and Children Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Women and Children Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Daunoraviciene K, Pauk J, Ziziene J, Belickiene V, Raistenskis J. Study of foot support during gait in healthy children from neighbouring countries. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:2457-2466. [PMID: 37955070 DOI: 10.3233/thc-235011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy children's gait support patterns play a critical role in their development and overall well-being. Therefore, in order to develop a correct gait, it is necessary to constantly update knowledge. OBJECTIVE To identify differences in gait support among children in neighbouring countries. METHODS 44 healthy children from Poland and Lithuania (4-11 years old) participated in the study. The spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters of 88 neutrally aligned feet were analysed and compared. RESULTS Statistically significant differences between stance, single-limb support, double support, swing duration, cadence, and velocity, max. force and pressure in the forefoot, as well as in the times of occurrence of max. forces in all three zones. Defined that age is related (p< 0.05) to cadence (R= 0.32), swing phase (R= 0.53), max. force under the midfoot (R= 0.35) and the heel (R= 0.47), max. pressure under the forefoot (R=-0.52), midfoot (R=-0.63) and heel (R=-0.47). CONCLUSION The results can help caregivers, as well as clinicians and researchers, understand how gait mechanics change with development and the growth course of the children of that country. Also, the results are important for the analysis and comparison of children's gait, as control reference data from the same country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Pauk
- Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Vaida Belickiene
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Health Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Raistenskis
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Health Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Wehedy E, Murugesan S, George CR, Shatat IF, Al Khodor S. Characterization of the Urinary Metagenome and Virome in Healthy Children. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36289674 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomic studies have provided insights into the microbial profile of different body sites. However, research on the microbial composition of urine is limited, particularly in children. The goal of this study was to optimize and develop reproducible metagenome and virome protocols using a small volume of urine samples collected from healthy children. We collected midstream urine specimens from 40 healthy children. Using the metagenomics shotgun approach, we tested various protocols. Different microbial roots such as Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Viruses were successfully identified using our optimized urine protocol. Our data reflected much variation in the microbial fingerprints of children. Girls had significantly higher levels of Firmicutes, whereas boys had significantly higher levels of Actinobacteria. The genus Anaerococcus dominated the urinary bacteriome of healthy girls, with a significant increase in Anaerococcus prevotii, Anaerococcus vaginalis, and Veillonella parvula (p-value < 0.001) when compared with that of boys. An increased relative abundance of Xylanimonas and Arthrobacter, with a significantly high abundance of Arthrobacter sp. FB24 (p-value 0.0028) and Arthrobacter aurescences (p-value 0.015), was observed in boys. The urinary mycobiome showed a significant rise in the genus Malassezia and Malassezia globose fungus (p-value 0.009) in girls, whereas genus Saccharomyces (p-value 0.009) was significantly high in boys. The beta diversity of the urinary mycobiome was found to differ between different age groups. Boys had significantly more Mastadenovirus and Human mastadenovirus-A in their urinary virome than girls. With increasing age, we noticed an increase in the relative abundance of the order Caudovirales. Our optimized protocols allowed us to identify the unique microbes for each sex by using an adequate volume of urine (3−10 mL) to screen for the bacteriome, mycobiome, and virome profiles in the urine of healthy children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the metagenomics profiles of urine in a healthy pediatric population.
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Chen G, Lu H. Attention should be paid to acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2022; 11:153-157. [PMID: 36200030 PMCID: PMC9438000 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since April 5, 2022, an increase in cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology among children with no underlying conditions was first reported in the United Kingdom (UK). Testing excluded viral hepatitis types A, B, C, D, and E and other known common and uncommon infectious and non-infectious causes of acute hepatitis. As of May 26, 2022, 650 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children have been reported in at least 33 countries worldwide, with 99 additional cases pending classification. Here, the current prevalence of this condition around the world, a hazard analysis, possible causes, the risk of an outbreak in China, and advice on prevention have been briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Address correspondence to:Hongzhou Lu, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China. E-mail:
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Li HA, Zou SQ, Li BT, Wang T, Ma ZC, Luo Q, Huang XY, Fan LC, Xiang W. Serum vitamin D status among healthy children in Hainan, South China: a multi-center analysis of 10,262 children. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1010-1017. [PMID: 35800264 PMCID: PMC9253947 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data regarding the prevalence and risk factors relating to vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in children of Hainan, a tropical city with abundant sunlight in China. To gather and analyze the serum VD levels of healthy children in Hainan, so as to understand their VD nutritional status and improve the representative data of VD nutritional status in south China. METHODS Children who presented to the outpatient clinic for physical examination at 4 hospitals in the Hainan Province from 2012 to 2020 were enrolled in this study. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels was analyzed. 25-OHD levels <50 nmol/L is considered VDD, 50-75 nmol/L is vitamin D insufficiency (VDI), and ≥75 nmol/L is VD sufficient (VDS). RESULTS The average serum 25-OHD level was 94.63±49.99 nmol/L [95% confidence interval (CI): 93.67-95.60]. VDD was detected in 13.98% of participants (1,435 cases), VDI was detected in 30.60% of participants (3,140 cases), and 55.42% presented with VDS (5,687 cases). The average 25-OHD level of boys was significantly higher than that of girls (t=3.67, P<0.001). The average serum 25-OHD levels in the following age groups 0-1, 1-3, 3-7, 7-14, and 14-18 years were 105.92±57.39, 100.55±53.22, 86.35±39.19, 73.61±34.21, and 54.97±19.19 nmol/L, respectively. These results suggested that with an increase in age, the 25-OHD levels decreased. The average 25-OHD levels of children with a body mass index (BMI) <85th percentile were significantly higher than that of children in the overweight and obese group (F=7.393, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS A certain proportion of all age groups showed vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Hainan. A formal recommendation for vitamin D supplementation should be considered, especially in autumn and winter seasons for children over 7 years old, and in those with BMI ≥85th percentile or BMI ≥95th percentile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ai Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Shao-Qiu Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Bang-Tao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Child Health Care, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Li-Chun Fan
- Department of Child Health Care, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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14
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Paudel G, Amatya N, Saud B, Wagle S, Shrestha V, Adhikari B. Nasal colonization by potential bacterial pathogens in healthy kindergarten children of Nepal: a prevalence study. Germs 2022; 12:86-98. [PMID: 35601953 PMCID: PMC9113680 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In low- and middle-income countries including Nepal, respiratory tract infection (RTI) is considered as one of the most prominent public health problems in children. Multiple carriage of respiratory pathogens is common in children, especially in preschoolers as they are easily transmitted through close contact and poor hygienic condition. Thus, this research is based on the study of prevalence, co-existence, associated factors and antibiogram of nasal isolates among healthy preschoolers. METHODS The study was conducted in four randomly selected kindergarten schools (two government run and two private run) of Bhaktapur Municipality. Out of a total 140 students, 136 eligible participants of age group 2-5 years old were involved in the study. Nasal swab was collected for the isolation of five target isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae) and their antibiotic resistance determination. RESULTS Of 136 participants involved, 128 (94.5%) were positive for carriage of at least one of the target bacteria. The most common isolate was M. catarrhalis 62.5% (80/128) followed by S. aureus 43.0% (55/128). There was a significant difference in bacterial carriage with respect to type of school (p value<0.05, OR=0.50, CI=0.20-0.90). Regarding bacterial co-existence, the most common co-existence was of S. aureus and M. catarrhalis & S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis 48.8%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that S. aureus was negatively associated with S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae was positively associated with M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae. Multidrug resistance was seen in 63 isolates (29.4%). CONCLUSIONS Nepalese kindergarten children are at a high risk of respiratory tract infection by multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Paudel
- MSc, Assistant Prof, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Janamaitri Foundation Institute of Health Sciences (JFIHS), GPO Box 8322, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Neetu Amatya
- BSc, Clinical Laboratory Instructor, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Janamaitri Foundation Institute of Health Sciences (JFIHS), GPO Box 8322, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bhuvan Saud
- MSc, Associate Professor, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Janamaitri Foundation Institute of Health Sciences (JFIHS), GPO Box 8322, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sunita Wagle
- MSc, Laboratory Technician, Dhading Hospital Dhading, Government of Nepal. GPO box 4512, Dhading, Nepal
| | - Vikram Shrestha
- MSc, Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Janamaitri Foundation Institute of Health Sciences (JFIHS), GPO Box 8322, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bibhav Adhikari
- MM, Lecturer, College of Management, Little Angels’ College of Higher Studies, GPO Box 8322, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Ogodescu E, Popa M, Isac C, Pinosanu R, Olaru D, Cismas A, Tudor A, Miron M. Eruption Timing and Sequence of Primary Teeth in a Sample of Romanian Children. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35328159 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Teething is considered a significant event in the growth and development of the child by parents and especially by paediatric dentists and forensic scientists. They constantly need an “up-to-date mirror” of its variability for different geographic regions. The aims of the current study were to determine the timing and sequence of primary tooth emergence, and to establish a correlation between tooth eruption and general growth and external parameters in a sample of Romanian children. This study included 70 healthy children (53% girls and 47% boys), and the analysed data resulted from the questionnaires completed by parents during the whole process. General and specific data on primary teeth eruption were obtained. The differences between sexes were insignificant, except for the maxillary and mandibular canines (p = 0.047 and p = 0.018) and lower temporary second molars (p < 0.001), which were significantly increased in boys. The differences found between the two hemiarches were insignificant (p = 0.197). The mean age of eruption of the first tooth erupted was 7.07 ± 1.990 months. The unpaired t-test was used for comparison of the timings of eruption of the first primary teeth, according to the number of previous births and type of diet, and it was insignificant (p = 0.665 and p = 0.983 respectively).
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16
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Tian X, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ma J, Sun H, Li J, Tang X, Guo Z, Sun W, Zhang J, Song W. Urinary Metabolomic Study in a Healthy Children Population and Metabolic Biomarker Discovery of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:819498. [PMID: 35669266 PMCID: PMC9163378 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.819498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knowledge of the urinary metabolomic profiles of healthy children and adolescents plays a promising role in the field of pediatrics. Metabolomics has also been used to diagnose disease, discover novel biomarkers, and elucidate pathophysiological pathways. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood. However, large-sample urinary metabolomic studies in children with ADHD are relatively rare. In this study, we aimed to identify specific biomarkers for ADHD diagnosis in children and adolescents by urinary metabolomic profiling. METHODS We explored the urine metabolome in 363 healthy children aged 1-18 years and 76 patients with ADHD using high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS Metabolic pathways, such as arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and catecholamine biosynthesis, were found to be related to sex and age in healthy children. The urinary metabolites displaying the largest differences between patients with ADHD and healthy controls belonged to the tyrosine, leucine, and fatty acid metabolic pathways. A metabolite panel consisting of FAPy-adenine, 3-methylazelaic acid, and phenylacetylglutamine was discovered to have good predictive ability for ADHD, with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.918. A panel of FAPy-adenine, N-acetylaspartylglutamic acid, dopamine 4-sulfate, aminocaproic acid, and asparaginyl-leucine was used to establish a robust model for ADHD comorbid tic disorders and controls with an AUC of 0.918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University & Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Proteomics Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Proteomics Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Proteomics Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- Proteomics Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Proteomics Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Proteomics Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jishui Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University & Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Pietrzak R, Gąsior JS, Książczyk T, Tomik A, Werner B. Electrocardiograms in school-aged healthy Polish children - an observational study. Kardiol Pol 2022; 80:1211-1216. [PMID: 35938909 DOI: 10.33963/kp.a2022.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrocardiographic (ECG) examination has long been used to assess cardiovascular function in clinical practice. Age-related ECG changes are observed as the cardiovascular system matures from the neonatal period to adolescence. AIM This study aimed to evaluate effects of sex and age on ECG parameters in healthy schoolchildren. METHODS The study included 336 healthy participants aged 5-12 years from the Masovian voivodeship. Children were divided into age groups of 5-8 and 9-12 years. Values for heart rate (HR), time intervals and amplitudes of P and QRS waves, and QRS axis for pediatric ECGs were estimated. RESULTS Significant differences between boys and girls aged 5-8 years old were discovered for such parameters as PR interval, R-wave, S-wave, and the R/S ratio. Age-related decline in HR, Q-wave in V5 and V6, R-wave in V1-V4, and increase in QRS duration were noted. Girls presented a higher HR and shorter QRS than boys. HR, QRS axis, P wave amplitude in lead II, and amplitude of R and S in the precordial leads were different in our population than those previously reported. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric ECG tracings were estimated for the first time for healthy Polish schoolchildren. Sex-related differences in selected ECG parameters in the younger age group were noticed. Several parameters differed from those previously reported in other ethnic populations. These findings are clinically significant and suggest that diagnostic criteria for pediatric ECG should be revised to establish if they are justifiable for the entire population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Pietrzak
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Jakub S Gąsior
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Książczyk
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tomik
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bożena Werner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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Azak E, Cetin II. Low serum 25-Hydroxy (OH) vitamin D levels are associated with increased arterial stiffness in healthy children: An echocardiographic study from Turkey. Echocardiography 2021; 38:1941-1947. [PMID: 34755377 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial stiffness refers to arterial wall rigidity, particularly in central vessels, and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in many chronic diseases. 25-Hydroxy (OH) vitamin D has beneficial effects on blood pressure, vascular endothelial function, and arterial stiffness; most importantly, its deficiency is common worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of 25-OH vitamin D deficiency in arterial stiffness development and its relationship with arterial stiffness in healthy children. METHODS This study included 80 patients with low levels of 25-OH vitamin D and 40 healthy control subjects. The study participants were then divided into three groups: group 1 consisted of patients with a deficient 25-OH D level of < 19.9 ng/ml, group 2 with an insufficient 25-OH D level between 20 and 29.9 ng/ml; group 3 were considered control group with a sufficient serum 25-OH vitamin D level of ≥30 ng/ml. Aortic strain, distensibility, stiffness index, and standard left ventricular measurements were calculated using M-mode echocardiographic data. RESULTS Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and inter-ventricular septal diastolic thickness (IVST) appeared to increase in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3. Aortic strain and distensibility were significantly decreased in group 1, whereas aortic stiffness index and elastic modulus were significantly increased. The aortic stiffness index was negatively correlated with serum 25-OH vitamin D levels; however, aortic strain, aortic distensibility, and LVMI were positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Our study results revealed a significant relationship between 25-OH vitamin D levels indicative of a deficiency and aortic stiffness. Hence, we suggest that arterial stiffness may also occur in healthy children with a 25-OH vitamin D deficiency. Future in-depth studies are needed to understand the exact mechanisms underlying the aortic stiffness development associated with 25-OH vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Azak
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ilker Cetin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine. Ankara City Hospital, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
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Ponomarenko EA, Ignatova AA, Polokhov DM, Khismatullina RD, Kurilo DS, Shcherbina A, Zharkov PA, Maschan AA, Novichkova GA, Panteleev MA. Healthy pediatric platelets are moderately hyporeactive in comparison with adults' platelets. Platelets 2021; 33:727-734. [PMID: 34749589 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1981848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies on platelet function in children older than neonatal period are few and their results are controversial. The pediatric platelets were alternatively reported to be more active or less active than adults' ones. We compared platelet function in the several age groups of children to adults and evaluated the age when platelet function reaches the adults' status. The study included 76 healthy children and 49 healthy adult volunteers. Types of platelet activation used included: collagen-related peptide (CRP) and PAR-1 activating peptide SFLLRN; SFLLRN, PAR-4 activating peptide AYPGKF and adenosine diphosphate (ADP); ADP. The parameters determined included forward (FSC) and side scatter (SSC), CD42b, CD61, CD62P, PAC-1, annexin V binding and mepacrine release levels. Resting pediatric platelets were similar to adults' platelets except for 1.2-fold decreased FSC and dense granules volume in youngest children, and 2.5-fold increased annexin V level in children aged 1-10 years. After CRP+SFLLRN stimulation, pediatric platelets had a 1.2-fold lower alpha- and 1.1-fold lower dense granule release than adults. For SFLLRN+AYPGKF+ADP stimulation, this was observed only for youngest children. The response to ADP stimulation was identical for pediatric platelets and adults. Pediatric platelets have lower granular release than adults' platelets, which persists until the age of 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Ponomarenko
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis Lab, Moscow, Russian Federation.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A Ignatova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis Lab, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Hemostasis, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii M Polokhov
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis Lab, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rimma D Khismatullina
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis Lab, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Darja S Kurilo
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis Lab, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis Lab, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Zharkov
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis Lab, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Maschan
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis Lab, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina A Novichkova
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis Lab, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis Lab, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Hemostasis, Moscow, Russian Federation.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Radanović D, Đorđević D, Stanković M, Pekas D, Bogataj Š, Trajkovic N. Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) Short Form: A Systematic Review of Studies Conducted in Healthy Children. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8090787. [PMID: 34572219 PMCID: PMC8471722 DOI: 10.3390/children8090787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Motor skill competence of children is one of the important predictors of health because if a child is physically active during early childhood, the possibility of occurrence of many chronic diseases in adulthood will be reduced. The aim of this study was to systematically review the studies conducted in healthy children using the shorter form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky (BOT-2) and to determine the applicability in cross-sectional studies and pre-post designs. The search and analysis of the studies were done in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic databases search (Google Scholar, PubMed, Mendeley, Science Direct, and Scopus) yielded 250 relevant studies conducted from 2011 to 2020. A total of 21 studies were included in quantitative synthesis, with a total of 3893 participants, both male and female. Through this study, the BOT-2 test proved its broad applicability, so it can be concluded that this test can be used to improve motor proficiency in a healthy population of children. Hence, it is necessary to invest a lot of time during the implementation of various programs so that children would adequately develop their basic motor skills so they broaden their own repertoire of movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Radanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Dušan Đorđević
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (D.Đ.); (M.S.)
| | - Mima Stanković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (D.Đ.); (M.S.)
| | - Damir Pekas
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Špela Bogataj
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nebojša Trajkovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (D.Đ.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Jin J, Cui Y, Hong Y, Zhou D, He N, Mao Z, Mao S. Reference values for plasma neurofilament light chain in healthy Chinese children. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:e10-e12. [PMID: 34449172 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yiqin Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ni He
- Hangzhou KingMed for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Mao
- KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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22
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Kovacic K, Zhang L, Nugent Liegl M, Pawela L, Simpson P, Sood MR. Gastric emptying in healthy children using the Spirulina breath test: The impact of gender, body size, and pubertal development. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14063. [PMID: 33300658 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no pediatric norms for gastric emptying (GE) measured by nuclear scintigraphy. The 13 C-labeled, stable isotope GE breath test (GEBT) is a non-radioactive alternative. We aimed to determine normative GEBT ranges in a cohort of healthy children and examine the influence of age, gender, puberty, and body surface area (BSA). METHODS Healthy children ages 8-18 years completed the [13 C]-Spirulina platensis GEBT after an overnight fast. Breath samples were collected at baseline, every 15 min × 1 h, then every 30 min for 4 h total. The 13 CO2 excretion rate was determined by the change in 13 CO2 /12 CO2 over time in each breath sample, expressed as kPCD (Percent 13 C Dose excreted/min). A mixed model with random time was used for multivariable analysis and outcome fit into a quadratic model. KEY RESULTS The 100 subjects completed the test meal within allotted time. Median (IQR) age was 13.5 (11.3-15.5) years; 51% were female. Females had lower 13 CO2 excretion rates (slower GE) than males across time (p < 0.001) while decreased excretion rates correlated with higher BSA (p = 0.015). Gender differences were also noted within pubertal stages with females showing slower GE. Multivariable analysis suggested that pre-pubertal children have faster GE than both peri- and post-pubertal groups (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Gender, puberty, and BSA influence GE rates in healthy children more than age. Although further data are needed, pubertal stage and hormonal influences may be unique factors to consider when assessing GE in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kovacic
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melodee Nugent Liegl
- Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Louis Pawela
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Pippa Simpson
- Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Manu R Sood
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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23
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Bacardit Pintó P, Ickmans K, Rheel E, Iwens M, Meeus M, Nijs J, Pas R. Do Parental Pain Knowledge, Catastrophizing, and Hypervigilance Improve Following Pain Neuroscience Education in Healthy Children? Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8050420. [PMID: 34065220 PMCID: PMC8161245 DOI: 10.3390/children8050420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric chronic pain is a challenging problem for children and their families, although it is still under-recognized and under-treated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a pain neuroscience education program for children (PNE4Kids) delivered to healthy children aged 8 to 12 years old and attended by their parents would result in improved parental knowledge about pain neurophysiology, decreased parental pain catastrophizing about their own pain and their children's, decreased parental pain vigilance and awareness, and decreased fear of pain in children. Twenty-seven healthy child-parent dyads received a 45 min PNE4Kids session. Demographic data were collected, and the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ), Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Parent Proxy Report (FOPQ-P), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Parents (PCS-P), and the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ) were completed by the parents before and after the PNE4Kids session. Twenty-six dyads completed study participation. In response to the PNE4Kids session, significant short-term (1 week) improvements were shown in the NPQ (p < 0.001) and the FOPQ-P (p = 0.002). Parents' level of pain knowledge and children's fear of pain, reported by their parents, improved after a 45 min PNE4Kids session. Thus, PNE4Kids should likewise be further investigated in healthy child-parent dyads as it might be useful to target parental and children's pain cognitions at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Bacardit Pintó
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.B.P.); (E.R.); (M.I.); (J.N.); (R.P.)
| | - Kelly Ickmans
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.B.P.); (E.R.); (M.I.); (J.N.); (R.P.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
- Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000 Brussel, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)2-477-45-03
| | - Emma Rheel
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.B.P.); (E.R.); (M.I.); (J.N.); (R.P.)
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Margot Iwens
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.B.P.); (E.R.); (M.I.); (J.N.); (R.P.)
| | - Mira Meeus
- Pain in Motion International Research Group;
- MOVANT Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus UZ, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Nijs
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.B.P.); (E.R.); (M.I.); (J.N.); (R.P.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roselien Pas
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.B.P.); (E.R.); (M.I.); (J.N.); (R.P.)
- MOVANT Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Sdravou K, Fotoulaki M, Emmanouilidou-Fotoulaki E, Andreoulakis E, Makris G, Sotiriadou F, Printza A. Feeding Problems in Typically Developing Young Children, a Population-Based Study. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8050388. [PMID: 34068336 PMCID: PMC8153308 DOI: 10.3390/children8050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Feeding problems have been estimated to occur in approximately 25–45% of normally developing children. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of feeding problems in typically developing young children in Greece. Child feeding behavior, parents’ feelings about their child’s feeding patterns, and parental feeding practices were also explored. Parents completed the Greek version of the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS). Data on 742 healthy, typically developing children aged two to seven years are presented. Overall, the majority of children in the sample showed high frequency of desirable mealtime behaviors and low frequency of undesirable mealtime behaviors. However, a significant proportion of the cohort presented with food neophobia and low consumption of vegetables. When applying test cut-off scores, it was found that 8.2% of the sample had abnormal Total Frequency Score (TFS) and 26.6% had abnormal Total Problem Score (TPS). The study showed that parent-reported feeding problems are quite common in children of typical development in Greece. Moreover, while the majority of the sample displayed a high frequency of favorable behaviors, specific child feeding behaviors are amenable to improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Sdravou
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General “Papageorgiou” Hospital, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.S.); (M.F.); (E.E.-F.); (F.S.)
| | - Maria Fotoulaki
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General “Papageorgiou” Hospital, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.S.); (M.F.); (E.E.-F.); (F.S.)
| | - Elpida Emmanouilidou-Fotoulaki
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General “Papageorgiou” Hospital, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.S.); (M.F.); (E.E.-F.); (F.S.)
| | - Elias Andreoulakis
- Adult Psychiatric Unit, Hellenic Centre for Mental Health and Research, Department of Thessaloniki, 36 Kaftatzoglou Str., 55337 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Giorgos Makris
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 2400 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Fotini Sotiriadou
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General “Papageorgiou” Hospital, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.S.); (M.F.); (E.E.-F.); (F.S.)
| | - Athanasia Printza
- 1st Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Hospital AHEPA, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
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25
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Wang CYT, Ware RS, Lambert SB, Mhango LP, Tozer S, Day R, Grimwood K, Bialasiewicz S. Parechovirus A Infections in Healthy Australian Children During the First 2 Years of Life: A Community-based Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:116-127. [PMID: 31406985 PMCID: PMC7108192 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital-based studies identify parechovirus (PeV), primarily PeV-A3, as an important cause of severe infections in young children. However, few community-based studies have been published and the true PeV infection burden is unknown. We investigated PeV epidemiology in healthy children participating in a community-based, longitudinal birth cohort study. Methods Australian children (n = 158) enrolled in the Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases (ORChID) study were followed from birth until their second birthday. Weekly stool and nasal swabs and daily symptom diaries were collected. Swabs were tested for PeV by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotypes determined by subgenomic sequencing. Incidence rate, infection characteristics, clinical associations, and virus codetections were investigated. Results PeV was detected in 1423 of 11 124 (12.8%) and 17 of 8100 (0.2%) stool and nasal swabs, respectively. Major genotypes among the 306 infection episodes identified were PeV-A1 (47.9%), PeV-A6 (20.1%), and PeV-A3 (18.3%). The incidence rate was 144 episodes (95% confidence interval, 128–160) per 100 child-years. First infections appeared at a median age of 8 (interquartile range, 6.0–11.7) months. Annual seasonal peaks changing from PeV-A1 to PeV-A3 were observed. Infection was positively associated with age ≥6 months, summer season, nonexclusive breastfeeding at age <3 months, and formal childcare attendance before age 12 months. Sole PeV infections were either asymptomatic (38.4%) or mild (32.7%), while codetection with other viruses in stool swabs was common (64.4%). Conclusions In contrast with hospital-based studies, this study showed that diverse and dynamically changing PeV genotypes circulate in the community causing mild or subclinical infections in children. Parechovirus can cause severe illnesses in children. However, studies focus mainly on hospitalized populations. True disease burden in the community remains largely unknown. From our community-based cohort, we found diverse parechovirus genotypes in the community, causing mild or subclinical infections in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Y T Wang
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lebogang P Mhango
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah Tozer
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebecca Day
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Platt H, Tochihara S, Oda Y, Ueda K. Immunogenicity and Safety of KM-248, a Combined Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine, and the Noninferiority to a Measles Vaccine in Healthy Japanese Children; Phase 3 Randomized Multicenter Single-Blind Clinical Trial. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 74:429-436. [PMID: 33518626 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, domestic combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines were withdrawn in 1993 due to serious aseptic meningitis attributed to the mumps component. KM-248 is an MMR vaccine (M-M-R® II), manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc. (Kenilworth, NJ, USA), registered and approved in 74 countries, but not approved in Japan. In this multicenter, randomized, single-blind study, the primary endpoints were; noninferiority of KM-248 measles component immunogenicity compared to control measles vaccine already approved in Japan and seroconversion rates for these three viruses by KM-248. Vaccination with KM-248 in children 12 - 90 months of age (n = 178) induced robust immune responses to measles, mumps and rubella viruses. It was confirmed that the seroconversion rate for measles virus by the measles vaccine component of KM-248 (n = 172) was non-inferior to that of the control measles vaccine (n = 85). No serious adverse reactions such as aseptic meningitis and anaphylaxis were observed. Fever is one of the most common adverse reactions associated with vaccination and was observed in approximately half of the participants. KM-248 administered to healthy Japanese children aged between 12 and 90 months demonstrated general comparability with respect to safety and immunogenicity compared to the control vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshiaki Oda
- Clinical Development Department, KM Biologics Co., Ltd., Japan
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27
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Merino VR, Nakano V, Delannoy S, Fach P, Alberca GGF, Farfan MJ, Piazza RMF, Avila-Campos MJ. Prevalence of Enteropathogens and Virulence Traits in Brazilian Children With and Without Diarrhea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:549919. [PMID: 33102252 PMCID: PMC7545120 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.549919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of molecular diagnostics for pathogen detection in epidemiological studies have allowed us to get a wider view of the pathogens associated with diarrhea, but the presence of enteropathogens in asymptomatic individuals has raised several challenges in understanding the etiology of diarrhea, and the use of these platforms in clinical diagnosis as well. To characterize the presence of the most relevant bacterial enteropathogens in diarrheal episodes, we evaluated here the prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, Salmonella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica in stool samples of children with and without diarrhea using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). We found that the presence of genetic markers associated with bacterial pathogens was significantly higher in stool samples from the diarrhea group compared to the control (P < 0.001). Bacterial loads in samples positive for eae and aggR markers were also determined. Compared to samples from asymptomatic children, a significantly higher number of copies of the eae gene were found in diarrhea samples. Also, the presence of genetic markers associated with STEC strains with clinical significance was evaluated in eae-positive samples by high-throughput real-time PCR. The data presented herein demonstrated that asymptomatic children of an urban area in Brazil might be enteropathogen reservoirs, especially for STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R Merino
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Food Safety Laboratory, Université Paris-Est, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Food Safety Laboratory, Université Paris-Est, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Gabriela G F Alberca
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio J Farfan
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Oriente-Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mario J Avila-Campos
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Kodio A, Coulibaly D, Koné AK, Konaté S, Doumbo S, Guindo A, Bittar F, Gouriet F, Raoult D, Thera MA, Ranque S. Blastocystis Colonization Is Associated with Increased Diversity and Altered Gut Bacterial Communities in Healthy Malian Children. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E649. [PMID: 31817168 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is the most common protozoan colonizing the gut of vertebrates. It modulates the human digestive microbiota in the absence of inflammation and gastrointestinal disease. Although it has been associated with human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, its pathogenicity remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the influence of Blastocystis on the gut bacterial communities in healthy children. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 147 Blastocystis-colonized and 149 Blastocystis-noncolonized Malian children, with Blastocystis colonization assessed by real-time PCR and gut microbial communities characterized via 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq) sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The gut microbiota diversity was higher in Blastocystis-colonized compared to Blastocystis-noncolonized children. The phyla Firmicutes, Elusimicrobia, Lentisphaerae, and Euryarchaeota were higher in Blastocystis-colonized children, whereas Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, unassigned bacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus were higher in Blastocystis-noncolonized children. Moreover, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (family Ruminococcaceae) and Roseburia sp. (family Lachnospiraceae) abundance was higher in Blastocystis-colonized children. We conclude that Blastocystis colonization is significantly associated with a higher diversity of the gut bacterial communities in healthy children, while it is not associated with the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the human gut.
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Abstract
Background The epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the twentieth century generated numerous population-based surveys. These results clearly demonstrate that many factors are causally related to the development of atherosclerosis. Eighty percent of the CVD can be explained by smoking, high blood pressure, deterioration of lipid and glucose metabolism and physical inactivity. CVD is a disease that becomes clinically apparent in adults. However, it is undisputed that this disease develops over a long period of time due to progressive, subclinical changes in the cardiovascular system. The early manifestation of arteriosclerosis correlates with traditional risk factors. Methods This brief report focusses on determinates of vascular health. It describes non-invasive diagnostic methods such as oscillometric analysis of pulse wave velocity (PWV), ultrasound measurement of carotid structure and function as well as brachial endothelial function. Special attention is paid to possible correlations with physical activity, fitness and exercise. Results Non-invasive diagnostic methods to determine vascular health are applicable in children. The influence of physical activity and the relationship between aerobic fitness and arterial compliance (AC) remain controversial. First results in young athletes demonstrated an increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), by revealing arterial elasticity. The mechanism and determinants explaining these adaptations have not been fully explained in young healthy athletes. Conclusions Traditional cardiovascular risk factors act early in life and have a major impact on the development of atherosclerosis. The results underline that the prevention strategies and risk factor control should begin in childhood. The emphasis in the present report lied on the determination of vascular health, analyzing arterial structure and function, using non-invasive diagnostic methods. Vascular health and its relation to obesity, hypertension, physical activity and exercise were emphasized. The harmonization of knowledge and methods would greatly increase the comparability of existing results. To further elucidate the clinical relevance, the mechanisms linking arterial structure and compliance function with physical activity, fitness and exercise need further clinical investigation to enhance early preventive intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Böhm
- Department of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer
- Department of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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30
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Chauvin NA, Xiao R, Brandon TG, Biko DM, Francavilla M, Khrichenko D, Weiss PF. MRI of the Sacroiliac Joint in Healthy Children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 212:1303-9. [PMID: 30973768 DOI: 10.2214/AJR.18.20708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To listen to the podcast associated with this article, please select one of the following: iTunes, Google Play, or direct download. OBJECTIVE. Increasing reliance on MRI for the evaluation of sacroiliitis requires that radiologists be familiar with the normal appearance of the developing sacroiliac joint. We describe age-related MRI features of the sacroiliac joints in healthy children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Seventy healthy children from three age groups-prepubertal (8-10 years), peripubertal (11-13 years), and approaching skeletal maturity (14-17 years)-completed questionnaires and underwent sacroiliac joint MRI. Imaging studies were evaluated by three experienced pediatric radiologists. Metaphyseal-equivalent signal intensity, nonperiarticular osteitis, cartilage volume, joint fluid, enthesitis, and surface cortex irregularities were evaluated. Metaphyseal-equivalent signal intensity was evaluated using an ordinal grading system (types I-IV). Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess interrater reliability. RESULTS. Increased metaphyseal-equivalent signal intensity (types I and II) was present in most prepubertal children and in less than 10% of the group approaching skeletal maturity. More prepubertal girls had type I signal than boys, but signal progressed to type IV signal faster in girls than in boys. None of the subjects had subchondral marrow edema, but four subjects had nonperiarticular osteitis. Cartilage volumes decreased with advancing age in girls and, on average, were lower in girls than in boys of the same age. One subject had measurable joint fluid. Cortex irregularities were common (57.1%), most frequently seen along the iliac bone (51.4% ilium vs 11.4% sacrum, p < 0.01) and in the upper quadrants (42.8% upper vs 27.1% lower, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION. We provide valuable reference MRI descriptions of the healthy pediatric sacroiliac joint that should improve our ability to distinguish between normal and pathologic findings.
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Hua Y, Krupp D, Esche J, Remer T. Increased body fatness adversely relates to 24-hour urine pH during childhood and adolescence: evidence of an adipo-renal axis. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1279-1287. [PMID: 30997510 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced net acid excretion (NAE) capacity indicates a decrease in renal function. This reduction manifests as a disproportionally low 24-h urine pH in relation to the sum of actually excreted ammonium and titratable acidity by the kidney. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that higher body fatness is one determinant of kidney function impairment with a lowered urine pH even at a young age. METHODS NAE, pH, urea, and creatinine were measured in 24-h urine samples from 524 healthy children and adolescents (aged 6-17 y) participating in the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study. Body fatness was assessed anthropometrically by body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), fat mass index (FMI), body fat % (BF%), and waist circumference (WC). Multivariable linear and mixed linear regressions were used to examine cross-sectionally (n = 524 urine samples; age groups: 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17 y) and longitudinally (n = 1999 urine samples) the associations of body fatness with 24-h urine pH as the outcome variable, respectively. RESULTS After adjusting for the kidneys' total net acid load (24-h urinary NAE) and further relevant covariates, FMI showed significant inverse relations with urinary pH in all 4 age groups, and BMI-SDS, BF%, and WC each in 3 out of these 4 groups (P ≤ 0.02). Longitudinal results substantiated these interindividual relations and further showed intraindividual increases in body fatness to be paralleled by urine pH decreases (P ≤ 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Independent of underlying acid load, an early increase in body fatness is associated with increased free proton excretion, and thus with a decline in the kidney's acid excretion function, which could potentiate the risk of renal nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hua
- DONALD Study Center, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Danika Krupp
- DONALD Study Center, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonas Esche
- DONALD Study Center, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Remer
- DONALD Study Center, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
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Tremolada M, Taverna L, Bonichini S. Which Factors Influence Attentional Functions? Attention Assessed by KiTAP in 105 6-to-10-Year-Old Children. Behav Sci (Basel) 2019; 9:E7. [PMID: 30626060 DOI: 10.3390/bs9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This research revealed the children with difficulties in attentional functions among healthy children attending primary school and aimed to identify the possible sociodemographic factors, such as the child’s age, gender, and school grade, that could influence attentive performance. The participants were 105 children aged 6–10 years (M age = 8.6; SD = 1.04), attending primary schools. Family economic condition was mostly at a medium level (63.5%), and parents most frequently had 13 years of schooling. The computerized test KiTAP was administered to children to assess their attentional functions. Results showed a higher frequency of omissions and false alarms and a reduced speed in alertness, go/no-go, and sustained attention tasks compared to Italian norms. Hierarchical regression analyses were run with school grade, gender, and current age as independent variables and mean reaction times (and standard deviation), number of omissions, and false alarms as dependent ones. The results showed that male gender and attending a lower grade impacted on lower attentional performance in several subtests. Girls showed the best performances in tests of distractibility and impulsive reaction tendencies, while higher school grade positively influenced divided and sustained attention. These results could be useful to identify children with major attentional difficulties, and some recommendations for future studies and the implementation of attention empowerment programmes are proposed.
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Lee VY, Caillaud C, Fong J, Edwards KM. Improving vaccine-related pain, distress or fear in healthy children and adolescents-a systematic search of patient-focused interventions. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2737-2747. [PMID: 29792557 PMCID: PMC6314412 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1480238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The WHO recently highlighted the need for research into potential interventions that can be used to mitigate pain during mass vaccinations, in addition to interventions specific for adolescents. The current review examines the literature on potential interventions that can be used during mass vaccination settings in healthy individuals between the ages of 4 and 15 years old. METHODS Criteria for inclusion were: 1)participants between the ages of 4-15 years, 2)interventions that were patient-focused, 3)vaccinations in healthy individuals, 4)outcome measures to include self-reported pain, fear or distress. RESULTS Twenty-seven articles were identified with a total of 31 interventions. Eleven interventions used injection-site specific interventions, 17 used patient-led interventions and three used a combination of both site-specific and patient-led interventions. CONCLUSION Interventions using coolant and vibration together, as well as a combination of site-specific and patient-led interventions, showed the most consistent effects in reducing self-reported pain, fear or distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y. Lee
- The University of Sydney, Exercise Health and Performance Research Group & Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Corinne Caillaud
- The University of Sydney, Exercise Health and Performance Research Group & Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Fong
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Nursing School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate M. Edwards
- The University of Sydney, Exercise Health and Performance Research Group & Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia
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Brett NR, Gharibeh N, Weiler HA. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation, Food Fortification, or Bolus Injection on Vitamin D Status in Children Aged 2-18 Years: A Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:454-464. [PMID: 30032221 PMCID: PMC6054205 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses on the effect of vitamin D intake on status in children are lacking, especially those focused on vitamin D-fortified foods. The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of vitamin D interventions (fortified foods, supplements, bolus injections) on vitamin D status in children 2-18 y of age. Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, literature searches were conducted up to December 2016. Randomized placebo-controlled vitamin D interventions in healthy children aged 2-18 y were included. A random-effects model was used with I2 assessing heterogeneity. We included 26 trials (5403 children) with interventions (n = 9 fortified foods, n = 15 supplements, n = 2 bolus injections) from 100-4000 IU vitamin D/d over 4 wk to 2 y. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] weighted mean difference for all 26 trials (23.5 nmol/L; 95% CI: 20.7, 26.3 nmol/L; I2 = 99.9%) resulted in a mean increase of 1.0 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.3, 1.7 nmol/L) for each increase of 100 IU vitamin D/d (per 1 µg/d : 0.4 nmol/L; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.7 nmol/L). The response per 100 IU vitamin D/d was greater in trials with a mean baseline serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L, with the use of fortified foods and with baseline vitamin D intakes <100 IU/d. In conclusion, the serum 25(OH)D response to vitamin D intake differs on the basis of baseline status, intakes, and delivery mode, but not age, sex, or latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Brett
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gharibeh
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada,Address correspondence to HAW (e-mail: )
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Araque M, Labrador I. Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of CTX-M-15 Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Children from a Rural Andean Village in Venezuela. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018; 9:9-15. [PMID: 29503800 PMCID: PMC5831685 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Antimicrobial resistant extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) have been shown to be present in healthy communities. This study examined healthy children from the rural Andean village of Llano del Hato, Mérida, Venezuela, who have had little or no antibiotic exposure to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC). Methods A total of 78 fecal samples were collected in healthy children aged from 1 to 5 years. ESBL-EC were selected in MacConkey agar plates with cefotaxime and further confirmed by the VITEK 2 system. ESBL were phenotypically detected and presence of bla genes and their variants were confirmed by molecular assays. Determination of phylogenetic groups was performed by PCR amplification. Risk factors associated with fecal carriage of ESBL-EC-positive isolates were analyzed using standard statistical methods. Results Of the 78 children studied, 27 (34.6%) carried ESBL-EC. All strains harbored the blaCTX-M-15 allele. Of these, 8 were co-producers of blaTEM-1, blaTEM-5, blaSHV-5 or blaSHV-12. Co-resistance to aminoglycosides and/or fluoroquinolones was observed in 9 strains. 51.9% of ESBL-EC isolates were classified within phylogroup A. A significant, positive correlation was found between age (≥2.5 - ≤5 years), food consumption patterns and ESBL-EC fecal carriage. Conclusion This is the first study describing the high prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-EC expressing CTX-M-15- among very young, healthy children from a rural Andean village in Venezuela with scarce antibiotic exposure, underlining the importance of this population as a reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Araque
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of The Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Indira Labrador
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of The Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
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Bobkowski W, Stefaniak ME, Krauze T, Gendera K, Wykretowicz A, Piskorski J, Guzik P. Measures of Heart Rate Variability in 24-h ECGs Depend on Age but Not Gender of Healthy Children. Front Physiol 2017; 8:311. [PMID: 28572771 PMCID: PMC5435822 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Many methods computing heart rate variability (HRV) have been applied in studies in children. Not all of these methods have a comprehensive physiological interpretation, and not all of studies are in agreement with the Task Force Standards on HRV from 1996, and the New Joint Position Statement on the advances of HRV from 2015. The study aim was to analyse HRV in the 24-h ECGs of healthy children by the Poincare plots and Lomb-Scargle periodograms, and to follow proper HRV recommendations. Additionally, we investigated the associations between age, children's sex and measured HRV indices. One hundred healthy children, aged 3–18 underwent 24-h ECG Holter monitoring. HRV was analyzed by the Poincaré plots and spectral by Lomb-Scargle periodograms of RR intervals. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare sex differences in HRV, the van Elteren's test was used to correct for the age-gender interaction, and non-parametric Spearman correlation was applied to analyse the association between age and HRV indices. None of the HRV measures differed significantly between boys and girls. None of the HRV indices was modified by the age-gender interaction. There were statistically significant associations of age with measures of ultra-low (rho = 0.42; p < 0.0001), very low (rho = 0.35; p = 00004) and low (rho = 0.30; p = 0.0028) frequency powers, the ratio of the low to high frequency power (rho = 0.38; p = 0.0001), indices of long-term (SD2; rho = 0.37; p = 0.0002) and total (SDNN; rho = 0.33; p = 0.0008) HRV, and the contribution of the long-term HRV to total HRV (CL; rho = 0.32; p = 0.0012). In general, HRV parameters derived from the analyses of Poincaré plots and Lomb-Scargle periodograms appear not to be affected by gender, however, most of them increase with age in the 24-h ECG recordings in healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Bobkowski
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Poznan University of Medical SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena E Stefaniak
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Poznan University of Medical SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krauze
- Department of Cardiology- Intensive Therapy and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gendera
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Poznan University of Medical SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wykretowicz
- Department of Cardiology- Intensive Therapy and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Piskorski
- Institute of Physics, University of Zielona GoraZielona Gora, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zielona GoraZielona Gora, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Guzik
- Department of Cardiology- Intensive Therapy and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical SciencesPoznan, Poland
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Santigli E, Trajanoski S, Eberhard K, Klug B. Sampling Modification Effects in the Subgingival Microbiome Profile of Healthy Children. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2142. [PMID: 28149291 PMCID: PMC5241288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral microbiota are considered major players in the development of periodontal diseases. Thorough knowledge of intact subgingival microbiomes is required to elucidate microbial shifts from health to disease. Aims: This comparative study investigated the subgingival microbiome of healthy children, possible inter- and intra-individual effects of modified sampling, and basic comparability of subgingival microprints. Methods: In five 10-year-old children, biofilm was collected from the upper first premolars and first molars using sterilized, UV-treated paper-points inserted into the subgingival sulcus at eight sites. After supragingival cleaning using an electric toothbrush and water, sampling was performed, firstly, excluding (Mode A) and, secondly, including (Mode B) cleansing with sterile cotton pellets. DNA was extracted from the pooled samples, and primers targeting 16S rRNA hypervariable regions V5 and V6 were used for 454-pyrosequencing. Wilcoxon signed rank test and t-test were applied to compare sampling modes. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and average agglomerative hierarchical clustering were calculated with unweighted UniFrac distance matrices. Sample grouping was tested with permutational MANOVA (Adonis). Results: Data filtering and quality control yielded 67,218 sequences with an average sequence length of 243bp (SD 6.52; range 231–255). Actinobacteria (2.8–24.6%), Bacteroidetes (9.2–25.1%), Proteobacteria (4.9–50.6%), Firmicutes (16.5–57.4%), and Fusobacteria (2.2–17.1%) were the five major phyla found in all samples. Differences in microbial abundances between sampling modes were not evident. High sampling numbers are needed to achieve significance for rare bacterial phyla. Samples taken from one individual using different sampling modes were more similar to each other than to other individuals' samples. PCoA and hierarchical clustering showed a grouping of the paired samples. Permutational MANOVA did not reveal sample grouping by sampling modes (p = 0.914 by R2 = 0.09). Conclusion: A slight modification of sampling mode has minor effects corresponding to a natural variability in the microbiome profiles of healthy children. The inter-individual variability in subgingival microprints is greater than intra-individual differences. Statistical analyses of microbial populations should consider this baseline variability and move beyond mere quantification with input from visual analytics. Comparative results are difficult to summarize as methods for studying huge datasets are still evolving. Advanced approaches are needed for sample size calculations in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Santigli
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Klug
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
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Prosekova EV, Sitdikova TS, Dolgopolov MS, Turyanskaya AI, Sabynych VA, Zabelina NR. [The monitoring of laboratory indices of immune status of healthy children residing in conditions of intensive immunotropic zone of industrial town.]. Klin Lab Diagn 2017; 62:216-221. [PMID: 31518078 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2017-62-4-216-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complex evaluation was implemented concerning to quantitative and functional indices of immune-competent cells of peripheral blood, cytokine and immunoglobulin profile of blood serum with detection of confidence ranges of immunologic parameters of healthy children aged 3-11 years (n=98) residing in intensive immunotropic zone with the highest ecological risk. The multi-parametric flow cytofluorimeter COULTER EPICS XL (Beckman Coulter Inc.) with selection of of panels of monoclonal antibodies with multi-color combination of fluorichromуes was applied to analyze leukocytes, sub-population composition of lymphocites and processes of activation of cells of peripheral blood. The levels of cytokines were detected using immunoenzyme technique applying reagents by «R&D Diagnostics Inc.» (USA). The reagents' kit of «Vektor-Best» (Novosibirsk) was applied to detect spontaneous and mitogen-induced production of cytokines by cells of total blood The immuneturbidimetry technique was applied to detect content of immunoglobulins in blood serum. The total and specific IgE was detected using solid-phase immune enzyme analysis with reagents' kits by «Alkor Bio Company» (St. Petersburg). The statistical data processing was implemented using software Statistica 10 with data verification 95%-99%. In junior school children as compared with children aged 3-6 years, statistically reliable greater number of leukocytes were detected with preservation of high ratio of neutrophils, prevalence of helper sub-population of T-lymphocytes, expressed activation of B-lymphocytes, higher levels of serum IgA, IgG, common and specific IgE (latent sensibilization by domestic allergens), prevalence of intensity of production of interleukins IL-13 over IL-4 and significantly higher provision with natural killers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Prosekova
- The Tikhookeanskii' state medical university of Minzdrav of Russia, 690002, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - T S Sitdikova
- The Vladivostokskii' clinical diagnostic center, 690001, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - M S Dolgopolov
- The Tikhookeanskii' state medical university of Minzdrav of Russia, 690002, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - A I Turyanskaya
- The Tikhookeanskii' state medical university of Minzdrav of Russia, 690002, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - V A Sabynych
- The Tikhookeanskii' state medical university of Minzdrav of Russia, 690002, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - N R Zabelina
- The Tikhookeanskii' state medical university of Minzdrav of Russia, 690002, Vladivostok, Russia
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Munsch S, Dremmel D, Kurz S, De Albuquerque J, Meyer AH, Hilbert A. Influence of Parental Expressed Emotions on Children's Emotional Eating via Children's Negative Urgency. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2016; 25:36-43. [PMID: 27790790 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether parental expressed emotion (criticism and emotional overinvolvement) is related to children's emotional eating and whether this relationship is mediated by children's negative urgency. One hundred children, aged 8 to 13 years, either healthy or have binge-eating disorder and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, completed the questionnaires, along with their parents. Parental criticism and, to a lesser extent, parental emotional overinvolvement were both positively related to children's emotional eating, and this relationship was mediated by children's negative urgency. Further exploratory analyses revealed that the mediating role of children's negative urgency in the relationship between parental criticism and children's emotional eating was pronounced in the clinical group of children with binge-eating disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder but almost absent in the healthy control group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Munsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Dremmel
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Kurz
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea H Meyer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center of Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Romeo DM, Lucibello S, Musto E, Brogna C, Ferrantini G, Velli C, Cota F, Ricci D, Mercuri E. Assessing Joint Hypermobility in Preschool-Aged Children. J Pediatr 2016; 176:162-6. [PMID: 27339250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a revision of the Beighton score adapted for children younger than the age of 5 years, to apply the revised version in a cohort of preschool age children, and to verify the reliability of the revised version in a cohort of preschool children with genetic syndromes associated with hypermobility. STUDY DESIGN The revised Beighton score was applied in a population of preschool children to evaluate joint hypermobility in 5 parts of the body, bilaterally (passive dorsiflexion of the fifth finger; passive hyperextension of the elbow; passive hyperextension of the knee; passive apposition of the thumb to the flexor side of the forearm; passive dorsiflexion of the ankle joint). The frequency distribution of the total scores was calculated with a range between 0 and 10. RESULTS A total of 284 healthy preschool children (146 boys and 138 girls) and 26 preschool children with genetic disorders (15 boys and 11 girls) were assessed. Mean age was 33.6 ± 12.7 months. A score ≤4 was found in more than 90% of the whole cohort; therefore, a cut-off score >4 was used to identify hypermobility. Twenty-two of the 284 (7%) healthy children and 23 of the 26 children (89%) with genetic syndromes associated with hypermobility had a score >4. The joints reporting a greater incidence of hypermobility were "apposition of the thumb to the forearm" and "passive dorsiflexion of the ankle," in 34% and 22% respectively. No differences related to sex or age were observed. CONCLUSIONS The revised version of the Beighton score can be used to define generalized hypermobility for children up to 5 years of age and to assess and follow-up longitudinally patients with isolated hypermobility or those in whom the laxity is associated with other clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Musto
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Brogna
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University Rome, Rome, Italy; Unit of Child and Adolescent NeuroPsychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, University "Campus Bio-Medico," Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Velli
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cota
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Catholic University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University Rome, Rome, Italy; National Centre of Services and Research for Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Iron deficiency remains a global public health challenge, with a higher burden in children in the tropics. When it occurs early in life, it may have long-term effects on neurodevelopment. The aims of this study were to assess the iron status of children aged 6-24 months, to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and its associated factors in Ibadan, Nigeria. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study between March and June 2014. A total of 202 apparently healthy children aged between 6 and 24 months attending 2 major immunization clinics in Ibadan were included. A questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy and birth history, and nutritional history. Physical examination was carried out on all the subjects, and serum ferritin level was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Iron deficiency was defined using a cutoff value of <30 µg/L. Fifty-nine children (29.2%) had iron deficiency. No clinical features were found to be significantly associated with iron deficiency. Iron deficiency was associated with breastfeeding (P = .020) and younger age (P = .015) in the study population. One hundred and forty-three (70.8%) of the study participants had anemia, and 39 (19.3%) had iron deficiency anemia. The prevalence of iron deficiency among apparently healthy children aged 6-24 months in Ibadan, Nigeria, is high. There is the need for a national policy on routine screening for iron deficiency and iron supplementation for infants and young children as recommended by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biobele J Brown
- b Department of Paediatrics , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - Oluwagbemiga O Adeodu
- c Department of Paediatrics and Child Health , Obafemi Awolowo University , Ile-Ife , Nigeria
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Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was designed to identify the oral microbiota in healthy Korean pre-school children using pyrosequencing. Materials and methods Dental plaque samples were obtained form 10 caries-free pre-school children. The samples were analysed using pyrosequencing. Results The pyrosequencing analysis revealed that, at the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria showed high abundance. Also, predominant genera were identified as core microbiome, such as Streptococcus, Neisseria, Capnocytophaga, Haemophilus and Veilonella. Conclusions The diversity and homogeneity was shown in the dental plaque microbiota in healthy Korean pre-school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Eon Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Hyung Nam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Seol Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Lewindon PJ, Balouch F, Pereira TN, Puertolas-Lopez MV, Noble C, Wixey JA, Ramm GA. Transient liver elastography in unsedated control children: Impact of age and intercurrent illness. J Paediatr Child Health 2016; 52:637-42. [PMID: 27203205 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Transient elastography (TE) is a rapid, non-invasive, reproducible assessment of liver fibrosis by liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Uncertainty remains regarding utility in children, unsedated and <6 years of age. The importance of general health at the time of study has not been addressed. We report our experience of TE in unsedated control children, impact of intercurrent illness and using new published reliability criteria. METHODS From April 2011 to March 2013, 173 studies were performed in unsedated, healthy control children and children with intercurrent illness without detectable liver disease presenting to the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. LSM reliability was assessed using interquartile range/median (IQR/M ≤ 30%) of 10 valid measurements. RESULTS A total of 123 (F:M, 52:71) of 173 studies (71.1%) gave reliable results. In children 0-2 years reliability was 36%, and >2 years reliable results were obtained in ~80%. LSM increased with age; 0-2 years (3.5 ± 0.5 kPa), 3-5 years (3.8 ± 0.3 kPa) and 6-11 years (4.1 ± 0.2 kPa) with healthy older children 12-18 years similar to adults (4.5 ± 0.2 kPa). LSM did not vary with gender (female, 4.5 ± 0.2 vs. male, 4.8 ± 0.2 kPa). Children with intercurrent, non-hepatological illnesses had higher LSM (5.2 ± 0.2 kPa (range, 2.8-11.1 kPa)) compared to healthy children ((4.1 ± 0.1 kPa, range, 2.1-6.3 kPa); P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS TE in unsedated children is feasible from infancy but most reliable after 2 years. Intercurrent illness increases LSM; hence, study context is important when interpreting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Lewindon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fariha Balouch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tamara N Pereira
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Charlton Noble
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julie A Wixey
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Esche J, Shi L, Sánchez-Guijo A, Hartmann MF, Wudy SA, Remer T. Higher diet-dependent renal acid load associates with higher glucocorticoid secretion and potentially bioactive free glucocorticoids in healthy children. Kidney Int 2016; 90:325-333. [PMID: 27165611 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis induces elevated glucocorticoid (GC) levels. However, the influence of less strong daily acid loads on GCs is largely unexplored. To investigate this, we studied whether higher acid loads in children, fully within the normal range of habitual diets, associate with endogenous GCs. In a specific quasi-experimental design, we examined 200 6- to 10-year-old healthy participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study equally divided to either high or low 24-hour renal net acid excretion. Major urinary GC metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to assess daily adrenal GC secretion and metabolites of tissue cortisol catabolism (6β-hydroxycortisol and 20α-dihydrocortisol). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to quantify urinary free cortisol and cortisone. After confounder adjustment, significant positive associations were unmasked for urinary potential renal acid load and net acid excretion with adrenal GC secretion, free cortisone, free cortisone plus cortisol, 6β-hydroxycortisol, and 20α-dihydrocortisol. An inverse association emerged for an enzymatic marker (5β-reductase) of irreversible GC inactivation. Our data suggest that existing moderate elevations in diet-dependent acid loads suffice to raise GCs and affect cortisol metabolism. Thus, potential detrimental effects of high acid loading appear to be mediated, in part, by increased GC activity via increased GC secretion and/or reduced GC inactivation. Higher cortisone levels, directly available for intracrine activation to cortisol may play a special role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Esche
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, DONALD Study Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lijie Shi
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, DONALD Study Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Guijo
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michaela F Hartmann
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Remer
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, DONALD Study Center, Dortmund, Germany.
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Carvalho-Queiroz C, Johansson MA, Persson JO, Jörtsö E, Kjerstadius T, Nilsson C, Saghafian-Hedengren S, Sverremark-Ekström E. Associations between EBV and CMV Seropositivity, Early Exposures, and Gut Microbiota in a Prospective Birth Cohort: A 10-Year Follow-up. Front Pediatr 2016; 4:93. [PMID: 27630978 PMCID: PMC5006634 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2016.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life infections with persistent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are delayed in affluent countries, probably due to alterations in early environmental exposures, such as maternal age, siblings, and day-care attendance. We have previously reported that the timing of EBV and CMV contraction is related both to allergic sensitization and changes in functional competence of immune cells, while the presence/absence of lactobacilli [Lactobacillus (L.) casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus] or Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in feces is related to the risk for allergy. Here, we used the same prospective longitudinal birth cohort of children to investigate early-life environmental exposures and their influence on EBV and CMV contraction over time. Since gut microbes also belong to this category of early exposures, we investigated their association with herpesvirus contraction. Our results show that these two viruses are acquired with different kinetics and that EBV and CMV seroprevalence at 10 years of age was 47 and 57%, respectively. We also observed that a delayed EBV or CMV infection was associated with older maternal age [time ratio (TR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.21, P adj < 0.001 and TR 1.09, CI 1.03-1.16, P adj = 0.008, respectively]. Further, we present the novel finding that S. aureus colonization reduced the time to CMV acquisition (TR 0.21, CI 0.06-0.78, P adj = 0.02). Together, these findings suggest that there is a relationship between timing of herpesvirus acquisition and early-life immune modulating exposures, which interestingly also includes the early infant gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carvalho-Queiroz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Maria A Johansson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jan-Olov Persson
- Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Evelina Jörtsö
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children's and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Kjerstadius
- Department of Clinical Virology and Microbiology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Solna, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children's and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shanie Saghafian-Hedengren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Oncology Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institute , Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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El-Halaby H, Abdel-Hady H, Alsawah G, Abdelrahman A, El-Tahan H. Sonographic Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Excursion and Thickness in Healthy Infants and Children. J Ultrasound Med 2016; 35:167-75. [PMID: 26679203 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.15.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES M-mode sonography is a noninvasive method for detection of diaphragmatic excursion and thickness. A few studies have assessed diaphragmatic kinetics in children with diaphragmatic paresis and paralysis, but to our knowledge, no data about normal values in pediatrics are available. The aims of this study were to determine reference values for diaphragmatic excursion and thickness, as evaluated by sonography in healthy infants and children, and identify correlations between them and anthropometric measurements, age, and sex. METHODS A total of 400 healthy participants aged between 1 month and 16 years, divided into 4 equal groups (group 1, 1 month-2 years; group 2, 2-6 years; group 3, 6-12 years); and group 4, 12-16 years) were studied. M-mode sonography was used to measure the excursion and thickness of the right and left hemidiaphragms (using the liver and spleen as acoustic windows, respectively). RESULTS Reference values for diaphragmatic excursion and thickness were determined in different age groups of healthy infants and children. There were no significant differences with respect to sex. Significant positive correlations were found between excursion of the right hemidiaphragm and body weight in all age groups (r = 0.52, 0.25, 0.27. and 0.20; P < .001, .013, .011, and .047 for groups 1-4, respectively). We plotted percentile curves for right diaphragmatic excursion against body weight. CONCLUSIONS This study provides reference values for diaphragmatic excursion and thickness in healthy infants and children. Percentile curves for right diaphragmatic excursion plotted against body weight were plotted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan El-Halaby
- Departments of Pediatrics (H.E., H.A., G.A., H.E.) and Diagnostic Radiology (A.A.), Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hesham Abdel-Hady
- Departments of Pediatrics (H.E., H.A., G.A., H.E.) and Diagnostic Radiology (A.A.), Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gehan Alsawah
- Departments of Pediatrics (H.E., H.A., G.A., H.E.) and Diagnostic Radiology (A.A.), Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Abdelrahman
- Departments of Pediatrics (H.E., H.A., G.A., H.E.) and Diagnostic Radiology (A.A.), Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanem El-Tahan
- Departments of Pediatrics (H.E., H.A., G.A., H.E.) and Diagnostic Radiology (A.A.), Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
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Hedsund C, Joensson IM, Gregersen T, Fynne L, Schlageter V, Krogh K. Magnet tracking allows assessment of regional gastrointestinal transit times in children. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2013; 6:201-8. [PMID: 24399881 PMCID: PMC3875367 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s51402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on small intestinal transit time in healthy children are lacking, and normal values for gastric emptying and colonic transit time are sparse. Conventional methods, including radiopaque markers, scintigraphy, and PillCam™ involve radiation or require the child to swallow a large pill. The minimally invasive, radiation-free Motility Tracking System-1 (MTS-1) has been introduced for description of gastrointestinal motility in adults. The aim of the study was to evaluate the MTS-1 for assessment of gastrointestinal transit times and motility patterns in healthy children. Methods Twenty-one healthy children (nine girls), median age 10 (range 7–12) years were included. For evaluation with MTS-1, a small magnetic pill was ingested and tracked through the gastrointestinal tract by a matrix of 16 magnetic sensors placed behind a nonmagnetic bed. The children were investigated for 8 hours after swallowing the magnetic pill and again for 4 hours the following morning. After leaving the unit, each child came back after every bowel movement to determine if the pill had been expelled. Results Nineteen children could swallow the pill. Characteristic contraction patterns were identified for the stomach (three per minute), small intestine (9–11 per minute), and colon (4–5 per minute). Median total gastrointestinal transit time was 37.7 (range 9.5–95.8) hours, median gastric emptying time was 37 (range 2–142) minutes, median small intestinal transit time was 302 (range 164 to >454) minutes, and median colorectal transit time was 38.1 (range 5.6–90.0) hours. Conclusion MTS-1 allows minimally invasive evaluation of gastrointestinal motility in children. Use of the method is, however, restricted by the nonambulatory setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hedsund
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus, Denmark ; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Tine Gregersen
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Fynne
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Klaus Krogh
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus, Denmark
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Mucci P, Baquet G, Nourry C, Deruelle F, Berthoin S, Fabre C. Exercise testing in children: comparison in ventilatory thresholds changes with interval-training. Pediatr Pulmonol 2013; 48:809-16. [PMID: 22997163 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was, first, to examine comparatively the changes in first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2 ) and, secondly, to compare with peak oxygen uptake (${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $) changes following high-intensity interval training (HIT) in prepubescent children. Eighteen prepubescent children (aged 10.1 ± 0.7 years) performed an incremental exhaustive exercise on a cycle ergometer with pulmonary gas exchange measurements before and after an 8-week period. During this period, nine children (five girls and four boys; initial ${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $: 39.6 ± 6.0 ml O2 · min(-1) · kg(-1) ) took part in a HIT and nine other children (three girls and six boys; initial ${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $: 39.8 ± 7.8 ml O2 · min(-1) · kg(-1) ), considered as controls, were not trained. After the training period, VT1 , VT2 , and ${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $ were significantly (P < 0.01) improved (21%, 24%, and 14%, respectively) without significant changes in the control group. However, the changes in VT1 (ΔVT1 = +4.35 ± 4.36 ml O2 · min(-1) · kg(-1) ), VT2 (ΔVT1 = +7.17 ± 5.17 ml O2 · min(-1) · kg(-1) ), ${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $ ($\Delta {\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $ = +5.51 ± 4.17 ml O2 · min(-1) · kg(-1) ) induced by HIT in trained children were not related. In conclusion, for prepubescent children, in addition to VT1 and ${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $, VT2 can also be significantly improved by training. Therefore, HIT represents a good way to obtain great improvement in these parameters in only 8 weeks. However, the time courses of these aerobic fitness parameters are dissociated, which implies the need to differentiate among them during aerobic fitness exercise testing.
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Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect of Casilan® on 13C-caffeine metabolism in healthy Nigerian children. Materials and Methods: Twelve healthy Nigerian children (male: six, female: six) aged 3–8 years were studied on three occasions. After an overnight fast, the children were studied after ingesting Casilan® only (Week 1). They were restudied after ingesting 3 mg/kg of labeled caffeine only (Week 2), and further re-studied after ingesting both Casilan® and labeled caffeine (Week 3). Breath samples were collected by blowing via a straw into an exentainer bottle. The cumulative percentage of 13C-caffeine exhaled as 13CO2 was measured over 2 h. Results: The time courses of 13C-enrichments in exhaled CO2 for all the children, after they had ingested labeled caffeine only and after they had ingested both Casilan® and labeled caffeine, were identical. There was a gradual rise and peak of the enrichments at about 60–75 min, followed by a gradual fall (II) or a plateau (III). Contrarily, the time course of 13C-enrichments for all the children was consistently low and stable after they had ingested Casilan® only (I). The mean values of cumulative percent 13C-doses recovered in the CO2 exhaled over a 2-h period, after ingesting labeled caffeine only (8.59 ± 1.10 δ%/mg) and after ingesting both Casilan® and labeled caffeine (8.58 ± 1.33 δ%/mg), were identical, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.972). This suggests that Casilan® did not affect the CYP1A2 metabolic pathway. Conclusions: Casilan® is a safe, reliable and quantitative food supplement for overnight-fasted children undergoing caffeine breath test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem A Oshikoya
- Department of Child Health, Medical School in Derby, University of Nottingham, UK
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Zhang H, Shu L, Cai X, Wang Z, Jiao X, Liu F, Hou P, Wang L, Shan L, Chen N, Shang Y. Gender and age affect the levels of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy children. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1174-1178. [PMID: 23596487 PMCID: PMC3628114 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lung and diagnosis is difficult in children. The measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) may be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatments. A number of factors affect FeNO levels and their influence varies across countries and regions. This study included 300 healthy students, aged from 6 to 14 years, who participated voluntarily. A comprehensive medical survey was used and measurements of FeNO levels and spirometric parameters were recorded in Shenyang, China. We observed that the median FeNO was 11 ppb (range, 8–16 ppb) in children from the northern areas of China. For males, the median level was 13 ppb (range, 9–18 ppb) and the median level was 10 ppb (range, 8–14 ppb) for females. There was a significant difference between males and females (P= 0.007) and age was correlated with FeNO (R2= 0.6554), while weight, height, body mass index (BMI), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and peak expiratory flow (PEF) had no correlation with FeNO. In conclusion, the median FeNO is 11 ppb (range, 8–16 ppb) in male and female healthy children from northern areas of China and is affected by gender and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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