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Winters J, Kawczynski MJ, Gilbers MD, Isaacs A, Zeemering S, Bidar E, Maesen B, Rienstra M, van Gelder I, Verheule S, Maessen JG, Schotten U. Circulating BMP10 Levels Associate With Late Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Left Atrial Endomysial Fibrosis. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2024:S2405-500X(24)00184-1. [PMID: 38639699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) blood levels are a marker for history of atrial fibrillation (AF) and for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with AF, including stroke, AF recurrences after catheter ablations, and mortality. The predictive value of BMP10 in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and association with morphologic properties of atrial tissues are unknown. OBJECTIVES This study sought to study the correlation between BMP10 levels and preoperative clinical traits, occurrence of early and late postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), and atrial fibrosis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS Patients with and without preoperative AF history undergoing first cardiac surgery were included (RACE V, n = 147). Preoperative blood biomarkers were analyzed, left (n = 114) and right (n = 125) atrial appendage biopsy specimens were histologically investigated after WGA staining, and postoperative rhythm was monitored continuously with implantable loop recorders (n = 133, 2.5 years). RESULTS Adjusted multinomial logistic regression indicated that BMP10 accurately reflected a history of persistent AF (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10-1.40, P = 0.001), similar to NT-pro-BNP. BMP10 levels were associated with increased late POAF90 occurrence after adjustment for age, sex, AF history, and early POAF occurrence (HR: 1.07 [per 0.1 ng/mL increase], 95% CI: 1.00-1.14, P = 0.041). Left atrial endomysial fibrosis (standardized β = 0.22, P = 0.041) but not overall fibrosis (standardized Β = 0.12, P = 0.261) correlated with circulating BMP10 after adjustment for age, sex, AF history, reduced LVF, and valvular surgery indication. CONCLUSIONS Increased BMP10 levels were associated with persistent AF history, increased late POAF incidence, and LAA endomysial fibrosis in a diverse sample of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Winters
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michal J Kawczynski
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn D Gilbers
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stef Zeemering
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Maesen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle van Gelder
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Verheule
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos G Maessen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Christ A, Maas SL, Jin H, Lu C, Legein B, Wijnands E, Temmerman L, Otten J, Isaacs A, Zenke M, Stoll M, Biessen EAL, van der Vorst EPC. In situ lipid-loading activates peripheral dendritic cell subsets characterized by cellular ROS accumulation but compromises their capacity to prime naïve T cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:406-415. [PMID: 38061606 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen-presenting cells, play an important role in pathologies by controlling adaptive immune responses. However, their adaptation to and functionality in hypercholesterolemia, a driving factor in disease onset and progression of atherosclerosis remains to be established. METHODS In this study, we addressed the immediate impact of high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice on separate DC subsets, their compartmentalization and functionality. RESULTS While hypercholesterolemia induced a significant rise in bone marrow myeloid and dendritic cell progenitor (MDP) frequency and proliferation rate after high fat diet feeding, it did not affect DC subset numbers in lymphoid tissue. Hypercholesterolemia led to almost immediate and persistent augmentation in granularity of conventional DCs (cDCs), in particular cDC2, reflecting progressive lipid accumulation by these subsets. Plasmacytoid DCs were only marginally and transiently affected. Lipid loading increased co-stimulatory molecule expression and ROS accumulation by cDC2. Despite this hyperactivation, lipid-laden cDC2 displayed a profoundly reduced capacity to stimulate naïve CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that in hypercholesterolemic conditions, peripheral cDC2 subsets engulf lipids in situ, leading to a more activated status characterized by cellular ROS accumulation while, paradoxically, compromising their T cell priming ability. These findings will have repercussions not only for lipid driven cardiometabolic disorders like atherosclerosis, but also for adaptive immune responses to pathogens and/or endogenous (neo) antigens under conditions of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Christ
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Health Office Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Sanne L Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart Legein
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Erwin Wijnands
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lieve Temmerman
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Otten
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Nguyen CL, Tovmassian D, Isaacs A, Gooley S, Falk GL. Trends in outcomes of 862 giant hiatus hernia repairs over 30 years. Hernia 2023; 27:1543-1553. [PMID: 37650983 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laparoscopic giant hiatus hernia repair is technically difficult with ongoing debate regarding the most effective surgical technique. Repair of small hernia has been well described but data for giant hernia is variable. This study evaluated trends in outcomes of laparoscopic non-mesh repair of giant paraesophageal hernia (PEH) over 30 years. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a single-surgeon prospective database. Laparoscopic non-mesh repairs for giant PEH between 1991 and 2021 included. Three-hundred-sixty-degree fundoplication was performed routinely, evolving into "composite repair" (esophagopexy and cardiopexy to the right crus). Cases were chronologically divided into tertiles based on operation date (Group 1, 1991-2002; Group 2, 2003-2012; Group 3, 2012-2021) with trends in casemix, operative factors and outcomes evaluated. Hernia recurrence was plotted using weighted moving average and cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis. RESULTS 862 giant PEH repairs met selection criteria. There was an increasing proportion of "composite repair" after the first decade (Group 1, 2.7%; Group 2, 81.9%; Group 3, 100%; p < 0.001). There were less anatomical hernia recurrence (Group 1, 36.6%; Group 2, 22.9%; Group 3, 22.7%; p < 0.001) and symptomatic recurrence (Group 1, 34.2%; Group 2, 21.9%; Group 3, 7%; p < 0.001) over time. The incidence of anatomical recurrence declined over time, decreasing from 30.8% and plateauing below 17.6% near the study's end. Median followup (months) in the first decade was higher but followup between the latter two decades comparable (Group 1, 49 [IQR 20, 81]; Group 2, 30 [IQR 15, 65]; Group 3, 24 [14, 56]; p < 0.001). There were 10 (1.2%) Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III complications including two perioperative deaths (0.2%). CONCLUSION Hernia recurrence rates decreased with increasing case volume. This coincided with the increasing adoption of "composite repair", supporting the possible improvement in recurrence rates with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Nguyen
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - D Tovmassian
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - A Isaacs
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - S Gooley
- Sydney Heartburn Clinic, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
| | - G L Falk
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Sydney Heartburn Clinic, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
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Winters J, Isaacs A, Zeemering S, Kawczynski M, Maesen B, Maessen J, Bidar E, Boukens B, Hermans B, van Hunnik A, Casadei B, Fabritz L, Chua W, Sommerfeld L, Guasch E, Mont L, Batlle M, Hatem S, Kirchhof P, Wakili R, Sinner M, Stoll M, Goette A, Verheule S, Schotten U. Heart Failure, Female Sex, and Atrial Fibrillation Are the Main Drivers of Human Atrial Cardiomyopathy: Results From the CATCH ME Consortium. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031220. [PMID: 37982389 PMCID: PMC10727294 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial cardiomyopathy (atCM) is an emerging prognostic factor in cardiovascular disease. Fibrotic remodeling, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and capillary density are hallmarks of atCM. The contribution of etiological factors and atrial fibrillation (AF) to the development of differential atCM phenotypes has not been quantified. This study aimed to evaluate the association between histological features of atCM and the clinical phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined left atrial (LA, n=95) and right atrial (RA, n=76) appendages from a European cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Quantification of histological atCM features was performed following wheat germ agglutinin/CD31/vimentin staining. The contributions of AF, heart failure, sex, and age to histological characteristics were determined with multiple linear regression models. Persistent AF was associated with increased endomysial fibrosis (LA: +1.13±0.47 μm, P=0.038; RA: +0.94±0.38 μm, P=0.041), whereas total extracellular matrix content was not. Men had larger cardiomyocytes (LA: +1.92±0.72 μm, P<0.001), while women had more endomysial fibrosis (LA: +0.99±0.56 μm, P=0.003). Patients with heart failure showed more endomysial fibrosis (LA: +1.85±0.48 μm, P<0.001) and extracellular matrix content (LA: +3.07±1.29%, P=0.016), and a higher capillary density (LA: +0.13±0.06, P=0.007) and size (LA: +0.46±0.22 μm, P=0.044). Fuzzy k-means clustering of histological features identified 2 subtypes of atCM: 1 characterized by enhanced endomysial fibrosis (LA: +3.17 μm, P<0.001; RA: +2.86 μm, P<0.001), extracellular matrix content (LA: +3.53%, P<0.001; RA: +6.40%, P<0.001) and fibroblast density (LA: +4.38%, P<0.001), and 1 characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (LA: +1.16 μm, P=0.008; RA: +2.58 μm, P<0.001). Patients with fibrotic atCM were more frequently female (LA: odds ratio [OR], 1.33, P=0.002; RA: OR, 1.54, P=0.004), with persistent AF (LA: OR, 1.22, P=0.036) or heart failure (LA: OR, 1.62, P<0.001). Hypertrophic features were more common in men (LA: OR=1.33, P=0.002; RA: OR, 1.54, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Fibrotic atCM is associated with female sex, persistent AF, and heart failure, while hypertrophic features are more common in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Winters
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Stef Zeemering
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Michal Kawczynski
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Bart Maesen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Jos Maessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Bas Boukens
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ben Hermans
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Arne van Hunnik
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Birmingham United Kingdom
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science UKE Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- University Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- DZHK, Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Winnie Chua
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Laura Sommerfeld
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Birmingham United Kingdom
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science UKE Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- University Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- DZHK, Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain
| | - Luis Mont
- Clinic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Madrid Spain
| | | | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Birmingham United Kingdom
- University Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- DZHK, Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Reza Wakili
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Mortiz Sinner
- University Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- DZHK, Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Department of Cardiology University Hospital of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Monica Stoll
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Andreas Goette
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine St. Vincenz Hospital Paderborn Paderborn Germany
| | - Sander Verheule
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Maastricht The Netherlands
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5
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Lagou V, Jiang L, Ulrich A, Zudina L, González KSG, Balkhiyarova Z, Faggian A, Maina JG, Chen S, Todorov PV, Sharapov S, David A, Marullo L, Mägi R, Rujan RM, Ahlqvist E, Thorleifsson G, Gao Η, Εvangelou Ε, Benyamin B, Scott RA, Isaacs A, Zhao JH, Willems SM, Johnson T, Gieger C, Grallert H, Meisinger C, Müller-Nurasyid M, Strawbridge RJ, Goel A, Rybin D, Albrecht E, Jackson AU, Stringham HM, Corrêa IR, Farber-Eger E, Steinthorsdottir V, Uitterlinden AG, Munroe PB, Brown MJ, Schmidberger J, Holmen O, Thorand B, Hveem K, Wilsgaard T, Mohlke KL, Wang Z, Shmeliov A, den Hoed M, Loos RJF, Kratzer W, Haenle M, Koenig W, Boehm BO, Tan TM, Tomas A, Salem V, Barroso I, Tuomilehto J, Boehnke M, Florez JC, Hamsten A, Watkins H, Njølstad I, Wichmann HE, Caulfield MJ, Khaw KT, van Duijn CM, Hofman A, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Whitfield JB, Martin NG, Montgomery G, Scapoli C, Tzoulaki I, Elliott P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Brittain EL, McCarthy MI, Froguel P, Sexton PM, Wootten D, Groop L, Dupuis J, Meigs JB, Deganutti G, Demirkan A, Pers TH, Reynolds CA, Aulchenko YS, Kaakinen MA, Jones B, Prokopenko I. GWAS of random glucose in 476,326 individuals provide insights into diabetes pathophysiology, complications and treatment stratification. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1448-1461. [PMID: 37679419 PMCID: PMC10484788 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional measurements of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) cannot capture the effects of DNA variability on 'around the clock' glucoregulatory processes. Here we show that GWAS meta-analysis of glucose measurements under nonstandardized conditions (random glucose (RG)) in 476,326 individuals of diverse ancestries and without diabetes enables locus discovery and innovative pathophysiological observations. We discovered 120 RG loci represented by 150 distinct signals, including 13 with sex-dimorphic effects, two cross-ancestry and seven rare frequency signals. Of these, 44 loci are new for glycemic traits. Regulatory, glycosylation and metagenomic annotations highlight ileum and colon tissues, indicating an underappreciated role of the gastrointestinal tract in controlling blood glucose. Functional follow-up and molecular dynamics simulations of lower frequency coding variants in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), a type 2 diabetes treatment target, reveal that optimal selection of GLP-1R agonist therapy will benefit from tailored genetic stratification. We also provide evidence from Mendelian randomization that lung function is modulated by blood glucose and that pulmonary dysfunction is a diabetes complication. Our investigation yields new insights into the biology of glucose regulation, diabetes complications and pathways for treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Longda Jiang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Liudmila Zudina
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Karla Sofia Gutiérrez González
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Laboratory, Clinica Biblica Hospital, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Zhanna Balkhiyarova
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alessia Faggian
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Laboratory for Artificial Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jared G Maina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Shiqian Chen
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Petar V Todorov
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sodbo Sharapov
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessia David
- Centre for Bioinformatics and System Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roxana-Maria Rujan
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Ηe Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Εvangelos Εvangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases and Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara M Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denis Rybin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Eric Farber-Eger
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Morris J Brown
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julian Schmidberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oddgeir Holmen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K G Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epdiemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Aleksey Shmeliov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- The Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Wolfgang Kratzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark Haenle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore and Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Tricia M Tan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Salem
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial College London Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Evan L Brittain
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James B Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.
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6
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Gallagher-Squires C, Isaacs A, Reynolds C, Coleman PC. Snacking practices from infancy to adolescence: parental perspectives from longitudinal lived experience research in England. Proc Nutr Soc 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37759428 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123003592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of snacks and ultra-processed foods (UPF) high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) is associated with rising rates of obesity and growing socioeconomic disparities in nutrition. While infancy, childhood and adolescence are critical periods for development of dietary preferences, there remains a dearth of research exploring factors that underpin snacking behaviour over this time. This review aims to address this gap by drawing from qualitative lived experience research, with 122 families of different socioeconomic position (SEP), to explore how the (i) home food environment, (ii) food environment and (iii) social value and meanings of food shape parental provision of snacks. This review shows that snacking holds important meanings in everyday family life, with infants integrated into existing snacking practices from an early age. Price promotions, low-cost and long shelf-lives all make UPF and HFSS snacks an appealing option for many low-SEP parents; while children's requests and preferences for HFSS snacks present a challenge across SEP. However, higher-SEP parents can ensure fresh fruits are always available as an alternative snack, while fruit is described as a financially risky expenditure for low-SEP families. The present findings also indicate that retailers and producers are increasingly promoting 'healthier' snacks through product packaging and marketing, such as 'meets one of your five a day', despite these products displaying similar nutritional profiles to traditional UPF and HFSS snacks. We outline a series of policy recommendations, including extending Healthy Start Vouchers and the Fruit and Vegetable Scheme in schools and action to address misleading product marketing and packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gallagher-Squires
- Centre for Food Policy, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, 1 Myddelton Street, London EC1R 1UW, UK
| | - A Isaacs
- Centre for Food Policy, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, 1 Myddelton Street, London EC1R 1UW, UK
| | - C Reynolds
- Centre for Food Policy, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, 1 Myddelton Street, London EC1R 1UW, UK
| | - P C Coleman
- Centre for Food Policy, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, 1 Myddelton Street, London EC1R 1UW, UK
- Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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7
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van de Vegte YJ, Eppinga RN, van der Ende MY, Hagemeijer YP, Mahendran Y, Salfati E, Smith AV, Tan VY, Arking DE, Ntalla I, Appel EV, Schurmann C, Brody JA, Rueedi R, Polasek O, Sveinbjornsson G, Lecoeur C, Ladenvall C, Zhao JH, Isaacs A, Wang L, Luan J, Hwang SJ, Mononen N, Auro K, Jackson AU, Bielak LF, Zeng L, Shah N, Nethander M, Campbell A, Rankinen T, Pechlivanis S, Qi L, Zhao W, Rizzi F, Tanaka T, Robino A, Cocca M, Lange L, Müller-Nurasyid M, Roselli C, Zhang W, Kleber ME, Guo X, Lin HJ, Pavani F, Galesloot TE, Noordam R, Milaneschi Y, Schraut KE, den Hoed M, Degenhardt F, Trompet S, van den Berg ME, Pistis G, Tham YC, Weiss S, Sim XS, Li HL, van der Most PJ, Nolte IM, Lyytikäinen LP, Said MA, Witte DR, Iribarren C, Launer L, Ring SM, de Vries PS, Sever P, Linneberg A, Bottinger EP, Padmanabhan S, Psaty BM, Sotoodehnia N, Kolcic I, Arnar DO, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Balkau B, Silva CT, Newton-Cheh CH, Nikus K, Salo P, Mohlke KL, Peyser PA, Schunkert H, Lorentzon M, Lahti J, Rao DC, Cornelis MC, Faul JD, Smith JA, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Bandinelli S, Concas MP, Sinagra G, Meitinger T, Waldenberger M, Sinner MF, Strauch K, Delgado GE, Taylor KD, Yao J, Foco L, Melander O, de Graaf J, de Mutsert R, de Geus EJC, Johansson Å, Joshi PK, Lind L, Franke A, Macfarlane PW, Tarasov KV, Tan N, Felix SB, Tai ES, Quek DQ, Snieder H, Ormel J, Ingelsson M, Lindgren C, Morris AP, Raitakari OT, Hansen T, Assimes T, Gudnason V, Timpson NJ, Morrison AC, Munroe PB, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Loos RJF, Heckbert SR, Vollenweider P, Hayward C, Stefansson K, Froguel P, Groop L, Wareham NJ, van Duijn CM, Feitosa MF, O'Donnell CJ, Kähönen M, Perola M, Boehnke M, Kardia SLR, Erdmann J, Palmer CNA, Ohlsson C, Porteous DJ, Eriksson JG, Bouchard C, Moebus S, Kraft P, Weir DR, Cusi D, Ferrucci L, Ulivi S, Girotto G, Correa A, Kääb S, Peters A, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, März W, Rotter JI, Hicks AA, Smith JG, Kiemeney LALM, Mook-Kanamori DO, Penninx BWJH, Gyllensten U, Wilson JF, Burgess S, Sundström J, Lieb W, Jukema JW, Eijgelsheim M, Lakatta ELM, Cheng CY, Dörr M, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C, Oldehinkel AJ, Riese H, Lehtimäki T, Verweij N, van der Harst P. Genetic insights into resting heart rate and its role in cardiovascular disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4646. [PMID: 37532724 PMCID: PMC10397318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality in observational and Mendelian randomization studies. The aims of this study are to extend the number of resting heart rate associated genetic variants and to obtain further insights in resting heart rate biology and its clinical consequences. A genome-wide meta-analysis of 100 studies in up to 835,465 individuals reveals 493 independent genetic variants in 352 loci, including 68 genetic variants outside previously identified resting heart rate associated loci. We prioritize 670 genes and in silico annotations point to their enrichment in cardiomyocytes and provide insights in their ECG signature. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that higher genetically predicted resting heart rate increases risk of dilated cardiomyopathy, but decreases risk of developing atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, and cardio-embolic stroke. We do not find evidence for a linear or non-linear genetic association between resting heart rate and all-cause mortality in contrast to our previous Mendelian randomization study. Systematic alteration of key differences between the current and previous Mendelian randomization study indicates that the most likely cause of the discrepancy between these studies arises from false positive findings in previous one-sample MR analyses caused by weak-instrument bias at lower P-value thresholds. The results extend our understanding of resting heart rate biology and give additional insights in its role in cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordi J van de Vegte
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben N Eppinga
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Zwolle ziekenhuis, Zwolle, 8025 AB, the Netherlands
| | - M Yldau van der Ende
- Department of Cardiology, University medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 Cx, the Netherlands
| | - Yanick P Hagemeijer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands
- Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Yuvaraj Mahendran
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Elias Salfati
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
| | - Vanessa Y Tan
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS82BN, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS82BN, UK
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21215, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Emil V Appel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | | | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, 21000, Croatia
- Algebra LAB, Algebra University College, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Cecile Lecoeur
- UMR 8199, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Clinial Genomics Uppsala, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, Netherlands
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108-2212, Campus Box 8506, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, USA, Framingham, 1702, USA
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Kirsi Auro
- Department of Health, unit of genetics and biomarkers, , National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
- Department of molecular medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Linyao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Nabi Shah
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
- Pharmacogenetics Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Maria Nethander
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Sonali Pechlivanis
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Unit of Biomedicine, Bio4Dreams-Business Nursery for Life Sciences, Milano, 20121, Italy
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, 21224, USA
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Leslie Lange
- Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, USA
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55101, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Carolina Roselli
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, 68163, Germany
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Francesca Pavani
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | | | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HL, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- The Beijer laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Marten E van den Berg
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research (IRGB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monserrato, (CA), 9042, Italy
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Xueling S Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Hengtong L Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - M Abdullah Said
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Carlos Iribarren
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permenente of Northern California, Oakland, 94612, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 10550, USA
| | | | - Susan M Ring
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS82BN, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS82BN, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, 21000, Croatia
- Algebra LAB, Algebra University College, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Villejuif, 94800, France
- UMRS 1018, University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, 78035, France
- UMRS 1018, University Paris Sud, Villejuif, 94807, France
| | - Claudia T Silva
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Dept. of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000CA, Netherlands
| | | | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, FI-33521, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Perttu Salo
- Department of Health, unit of genetics and biomarkers, , National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
- Department of molecular medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80636, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 43180, Sweden
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek
- Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, 31-008, Poland
| | - Stefania Bandinelli
- Geriatric Unit, Unità sanitaria locale Toscana Centro, Florence, 50142, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, 81675, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55101, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmo, 221 85, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, 221 85, Sweden
| | | | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Biological Psychology, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, the Netherlands
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75108, Sweden
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Peter W Macfarlane
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
| | - Kirill V Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nicholas Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Debra Q Quek
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Themistocles Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School,, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University hospital, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Inserm/CNRS UMR 1283/8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille University Hospital, EGID, Lille, 59000, France
- University of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Dept. of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000CA, Netherlands
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108-2212, Campus Box 8506, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Cardiology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, FI-33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33521, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health, unit of genetics and biomarkers, , National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
- Department of molecular medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General practice and primary care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Public health Research Program, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, 000250, Finland
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Peter Kraft
- Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02112, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Unit of Biomedicine, Bio4Dreams-Business Nursery for Life Sciences, Milano, 20121, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, (MI), 20090, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, 21224, USA
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, USA
| | - Stefan Kääb
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, 68161, Germany
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, 221 85, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| | | | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HL, the Netherlands
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75108, Sweden
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank PopGen, Kiel University, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, 3511 EP, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, the Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands
| | - Edward L M Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Harriette Riese
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, University medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 Cx, the Netherlands.
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands.
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8
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Young WJ, Haessler J, Benjamins JW, Repetto L, Yao J, Isaacs A, Harper AR, Ramirez J, Garnier S, van Duijvenboden S, Baldassari AR, Concas MP, Duong T, Foco L, Isaksen JL, Mei H, Noordam R, Nursyifa C, Richmond A, Santolalla ML, Sitlani CM, Soroush N, Thériault S, Trompet S, Aeschbacher S, Ahmadizar F, Alonso A, Brody JA, Campbell A, Correa A, Darbar D, De Luca A, Deleuze JF, Ellervik C, Fuchsberger C, Goel A, Grace C, Guo X, Hansen T, Heckbert SR, Jackson RD, Kors JA, Lima-Costa MF, Linneberg A, Macfarlane PW, Morrison AC, Navarro P, Porteous DJ, Pramstaller PP, Reiner AP, Risch L, Schotten U, Shen X, Sinagra G, Soliman EZ, Stoll M, Tarazona-Santos E, Tinker A, Trajanoska K, Villard E, Warren HR, Whitsel EA, Wiggins KL, Arking DE, Avery CL, Conen D, Girotto G, Grarup N, Hayward C, Jukema JW, Mook-Kanamori DO, Olesen MS, Padmanabhan S, Psaty BM, Pattaro C, Ribeiro ALP, Rotter JI, Stricker BH, van der Harst P, van Duijn CM, Verweij N, Wilson JG, Orini M, Charron P, Watkins H, Kooperberg C, Lin HJ, Wilson JF, Kanters JK, Sotoodehnia N, Mifsud B, Lambiase PD, Tereshchenko LG, Munroe PB. Genetic architecture of spatial electrical biomarkers for cardiac arrhythmia and relationship with cardiovascular disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1411. [PMID: 36918541 PMCID: PMC10015012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3-dimensional spatial and 2-dimensional frontal QRS-T angles are measures derived from the vectorcardiogram. They are independent risk predictors for arrhythmia, but the underlying biology is unknown. Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies we identify 61 (58 previously unreported) loci for the spatial QRS-T angle (N = 118,780) and 11 for the frontal QRS-T angle (N = 159,715). Seven out of the 61 spatial QRS-T angle loci have not been reported for other electrocardiographic measures. Enrichments are observed in pathways related to cardiac and vascular development, muscle contraction, and hypertrophy. Pairwise genome-wide association studies with classical ECG traits identify shared genetic influences with PR interval and QRS duration. Phenome-wide scanning indicate associations with atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block and arterial embolism and genetically determined QRS-T angle measures are associated with fascicular and bundle branch block (and also atrioventricular block for the frontal QRS-T angle). We identify potential biology involved in the QRS-T angle and their genetic relationships with cardiovascular traits and diseases, may inform future research and risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Young
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS trust, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jan-Walter Benjamins
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Repetto
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences/The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Dept. of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Harper
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of College London, London, UK
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain and Center of Biomedical Research Network, Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sophie Garnier
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, UMR-S1166, Research Unit on Cardiovascular Disorders, Metabolism and Nutrition, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Paris, 75013, France
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Stefan van Duijvenboden
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of College London, London, UK
| | - Antoine R Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - ThuyVy Duong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luisa Foco
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jonas L Isaksen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Casia Nursyifa
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Richmond
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Meddly L Santolalla
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 15152, Peru
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Negin Soroush
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Aeschbacher
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Global Health, University Utrecht Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Nine, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University of Edinburgh, Nine, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Division of Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GENMED (Medical Genomics), Paris, France
- Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Department of Data and Data Support, Region Zealand, 4180, Sorø, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anuj Goel
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Grace
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences/The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, København, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter W Macfarlane
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Labormedizinisches zentrum Dr. Risch, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Dept. of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Xia Shen
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Nansha District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Division of Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Monika Stoll
- Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrew Tinker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Villard
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, UMR-S1166, Research Unit on Cardiovascular Disorders, Metabolism and Nutrition, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Paris, 75013, France
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kerri L Wiggins
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattte, WA, USA
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Cardiology Service and Telehealth Center, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences/The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele Orini
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Charron
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, UMR-S1166, Research Unit on Cardiovascular Disorders, Metabolism and Nutrition, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Paris, 75013, France
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, 75013, France
- APHP, Cardiology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences/The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Borbala Mifsud
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Genomics and Translational Biomedicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of College London, London, UK
| | - Larisa G Tereshchenko
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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9
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Isaacs A, Barysenka A, Ter Bekke RMA, Helderman-van den Enden ATJM, van den Wijngaard A, Volders PGA, Stoll M. Standing genetic variation affects phenotypic heterogeneity in an SCN5A-mutation founder population with excess sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:720-727. [PMID: 36764349 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Worm Study, ascertained from a multigeneration pedigree segregating a single amino acid deletion in SCN5A (c.4850_4852delTCT, p.(Phe1617del), rs749697698), is characterized by substantial phenotypic heterogeneity and overlap of sudden cardiac death, long-QT syndrome, cardiac conduction disease, Brugada syndrome, and isorhythmic atrioventricular dissociation. Linkage analysis for a synthetic trait derived from these phenotypes identified a single peak (logarithm of the odds [LOD] = 4.52) at the SCN5A/SCN10A/SCN11A locus on chromosome 3. OBJECTIVE This study explored the role of additional genetic variation in the chromosome 3 locus as a source of phenotypic heterogeneity in the Worm Study population. METHODS Genotypes underlying the linkage peak (n = 70) were characterized using microarrays. Haplotypes were determined using family-aware phasing and a population-specific reference panel. Variants with minor allele frequencies >0.10 were tested for association with cardiac conduction disease and isorhythmic dissociation using LAMP and logistic regression. RESULTS Only 1 haplotype carried the p.Phe1617del/rs749697698 deletion, suggesting relatively recent development (∼18 generations); this haplotype contained 5 other missense variants spanning SCN5A/SCN10A/SCN11A. Noncarrier haplotypes (n = 74) ranged in frequency from 0.5% to 5%. Although no variants were associated with cardiac conduction disease, a homozygous missense variant in SCN10A was associated with isorhythmic dissociation after correction for multiple comparisons (odds ratio 11.23; 95% confidence interval 2.76-23.39; P = 1.2 × 10-4). This variant (rs12632942) was previously associated with PR interval. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that other variants, alongside a pathogenic mutation, are associated with phenotypic heterogeneity. Single-mutation screening may be insufficient to predict electrical heart disease in patients and family members. In the Worm Study population, segregating a pathogenic SCN5A mutation, compound variation in the SCN5A/SCN10A/SCN11A locus determines arrhythmic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Isaacs
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrei Barysenka
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rachel M A Ter Bekke
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arthur van den Wijngaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul G A Volders
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Stoll
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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10
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Zeemering S, Isaacs A, Winters J, Maesen B, Bidar E, Dimopoulou C, Guasch E, Batlle M, Haase D, Hatem SN, Kara M, Kääb S, Mont L, Sinner MF, Wakili R, Maessen J, Crijns HJGM, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Stoll M, Schotten U. Atrial fibrillation in the presence and absence of heart failure enhances expression of genes involved in cardiomyocyte structure, conduction properties, fibrosis, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:2115-2124. [PMID: 36007727 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about genome-wide changes in the atrial transcriptome as a cause or consequence of atrial fibrillation (AF), and the effect of its common and clinically relevant comorbidity-heart failure (HF). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore candidate disease processes for AF by investigating gene expression changes in atrial tissue samples from patients with and without AF, stratified by HF. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed in right and left atrial appendage tissue in 195 patients undergoing open heart surgery from centers participating in the CATCH-ME consortium (no history of AF, n = 91; paroxysmal AF, n = 53; persistent/permanent AF, n = 51). Analyses were stratified into patients with/without HF (n = 75/120) and adjusted for age, sex, atrial side, and a combination of clinical characteristics. RESULTS We identified 35 genes associated with persistent AF compared to patients without a history of AF, both in the presence or absence of HF (false discovery rate <0.05). These were mostly novel associations, including 13 long noncoding RNAs. Genes were involved in regulation of cardiomyocyte structure, conduction properties, fibrosis, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Gene set enrichment analysis identified mainly inflammatory gene sets to be enriched in AF patients without HF, and gene sets involved in cellular respiration in AF patients with HF. CONCLUSION Analysis of atrial gene expression profiles identified numerous novel genes associated with persistent AF, in the presence or absence of HF. Interestingly, no consistent transcriptional changes were associated with paroxysmal AF, suggesting that AF-induced changes in gene expression predominate other changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Zeemering
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Winters
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Maesen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eduard Guasch
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stéphane N Hatem
- INSERM UMRS1166, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mansour Kara
- Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart, Munich, Germany
| | - Lluis Mont
- European Society of Cardiology, Sophia Antipolis, France; Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart, Munich, Germany
| | - Reza Wakili
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart, Munich, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jos Maessen
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry J G M Crijns
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, UHB and SWBH NHS Trusts, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- INSERM UMRS1166, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; INSERM UMRS1166, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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11
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Gallagher Squires C, Isaacs A, Coleman P, Hawkes C. How can policies to reduce obesity be more effective and equitable following the COVID-19 pandemic? Eur J Public Health 2022. [PMCID: PMC9594647 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a public health priority in the UK for decades, rates of childhood obesity are continuing to rise along a highly unequal socioeconomic gradient. COVID-19 has radically changed daily life, altering the economy, work, social lives and engagement with the food environment. This research aimed to investigate families’ lived experiences of food in the COVID-19 pandemic to understand how policies to reduce obesity can be more effective and equitable. We conducted a remote longitudinal qualitative study, engaging 62 parents of school or nursery age children in England. Participant demographics were diverse in terms of socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Participants took part in semi-structured interviews and photo-elicitation three times at six-month intervals between October 2020 and December 2021. The role of food in day-to-day life shifted in the context of changes brought about by the pandemic. Whether this led to healthy or unhealthy food practices was shaped by socioeconomic resources. Food became a key source of pleasure in daily life as social and leisure activities were restricted in lockdowns. As schools and childcare closed, when this work fell on one parent food became a source of relentless work and parents sought more convenient options. Those with financial resources were able to access healthier convenient options (e.g. meal boxes), while low incomes restricted parents to low-cost options (e.g. ready meals and fast food). For those experiencing financial insecurity, food became a financial management strategy and parents sought discounts and promotions to save money to cover other non-food essentials. These contexts have the capacity to occur again both on a large scale (e.g. disruptions to the food system) and in the context of an individual’s lifetime (e.g. ill health or job loss). Policy now has a window of opportunity to implement learnings from this period and shape obesity prevention policy to be more effective and equitable. Key messages • COVID-19 has revealed the multiple resources and systems of support that underpin families’ ability to eat well and, when disrupted, can limit capacity to procure and prepare nutritious foods. • Policies designed to improve diets must consider the multiple roles food plays in everyday life, beyond just a source of nutrition, to ensure actions are effective and equitable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Isaacs
- Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London , London, UK
| | - P Coleman
- Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London , London, UK
| | - C Hawkes
- Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London , London, UK
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12
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Kawczynski MJ, Van De Walle S, Maesen B, Isaacs A, Zeemering S, Hermans B, Vernooy K, Maessen JG, Schotten U, Bidar E. Preoperative P-wave parameters and risk of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of 20 201 patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022; 35:6673150. [PMID: 35993895 PMCID: PMC9492265 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivac220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the role of P-wave parameters, as defined on preprocedural electrocardiography (ECG), in predicting atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery [postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF)].
METHODS
PubMed, Cochrane library and Embase were searched for studies reporting on P-wave parameters and risk of POAF. Meta-analysis of P-wave parameters reported by at least 5 different publications was performed. In case of receiver operator characteristics (ROC-curve) analysis in the original publications, an ROC meta-analysis was performed to summarize the sensitivity and specificity.
RESULTS
Thirty-two publications, with a total of 20 201 patients, contributed to the meta-analysis. Increased P-wave duration, measured on conventional 12-lead ECG (22 studies, Cohen’s d = 0.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.5, P < 0.0001) and signal-averaged ECG (12 studies, Cohen’s d = 0.8, 95% confidence interval: 0.5–1.2, P < 0.0001), was a predictor of POAF independently from left atrial size. ROC meta-analysis for signal-averaged ECG P-wave duration showed an overall sensitivity of 72% (95% confidence interval: 65–78%) and specificity of 68% (95% confidence interval: 58–77%). Summary ROC curve had a moderate discriminative power with an area under the curve of 0.76. There was substantial heterogeneity in the meta-analyses for P-wave dispersion and PR-interval.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis shows that increased P-wave duration, measured on conventional 12-lead ECG and signal-averaged ECG, predicted POAF in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal J Kawczynski
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sophie Van De Walle
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart Maesen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stef Zeemering
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ben Hermans
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kevin Vernooy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) , Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jos G Maessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
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Young WJ, Lahrouchi N, Isaacs A, Duong T, Foco L, Ahmed F, Brody JA, Salman R, Noordam R, Benjamins JW, Haessler J, Lyytikäinen LP, Repetto L, Concas MP, van den Berg ME, Weiss S, Baldassari AR, Bartz TM, Cook JP, Evans DS, Freudling R, Hines O, Isaksen JL, Lin H, Mei H, Moscati A, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nursyifa C, Qian Y, Richmond A, Roselli C, Ryan KA, Tarazona-Santos E, Thériault S, van Duijvenboden S, Warren HR, Yao J, Raza D, Aeschbacher S, Ahlberg G, Alonso A, Andreasen L, Bis JC, Boerwinkle E, Campbell A, Catamo E, Cocca M, Cutler MJ, Darbar D, De Grandi A, De Luca A, Ding J, Ellervik C, Ellinor PT, Felix SB, Froguel P, Fuchsberger C, Gögele M, Graff C, Graff M, Guo X, Hansen T, Heckbert SR, Huang PL, Huikuri HV, Hutri-Kähönen N, Ikram MA, Jackson RD, Junttila J, Kavousi M, Kors JA, Leal TP, Lemaitre RN, Lin HJ, Lind L, Linneberg A, Liu S, MacFarlane PW, Mangino M, Meitinger T, Mezzavilla M, Mishra PP, Mitchell RN, Mononen N, Montasser ME, Morrison AC, Nauck M, Nauffal V, Navarro P, Nikus K, Pare G, Patton KK, Pelliccione G, Pittman A, Porteous DJ, Pramstaller PP, Preuss MH, Raitakari OT, Reiner AP, Ribeiro ALP, Rice KM, Risch L, Schlessinger D, Schotten U, Schurmann C, Shen X, Shoemaker MB, Sinagra G, Sinner MF, Soliman EZ, Stoll M, Strauch K, Tarasov K, Taylor KD, Tinker A, Trompet S, Uitterlinden A, Völker U, Völzke H, Waldenberger M, Weng LC, Whitsel EA, Wilson JG, Avery CL, Conen D, Correa A, Cucca F, Dörr M, Gharib SA, Girotto G, Grarup N, Hayward C, Jamshidi Y, Järvelin MR, Jukema JW, Kääb S, Kähönen M, Kanters JK, Kooperberg C, Lehtimäki T, Lima-Costa MF, Liu Y, Loos RJF, Lubitz SA, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morris AP, O'Connell JR, Olesen MS, Orini M, Padmanabhan S, Pattaro C, Peters A, Psaty BM, Rotter JI, Stricker B, van der Harst P, van Duijn CM, Verweij N, Wilson JF, Arking DE, Ramirez J, Lambiase PD, Sotoodehnia N, Mifsud B, Newton-Cheh C, Munroe PB. Genetic analyses of the electrocardiographic QT interval and its components identify additional loci and pathways. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5144. [PMID: 36050321 PMCID: PMC9436946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The QT interval is an electrocardiographic measure representing the sum of ventricular depolarization and repolarization, estimated by QRS duration and JT interval, respectively. QT interval abnormalities are associated with potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Using genome-wide multi-ancestry analyses (>250,000 individuals) we identify 177, 156 and 121 independent loci for QT, JT and QRS, respectively, including a male-specific X-chromosome locus. Using gene-based rare-variant methods, we identify associations with Mendelian disease genes. Enrichments are observed in established pathways for QT and JT, and previously unreported genes indicated in insulin-receptor signalling and cardiac energy metabolism. In contrast for QRS, connective tissue components and processes for cell growth and extracellular matrix interactions are significantly enriched. We demonstrate polygenic risk score associations with atrial fibrillation, conduction disease and sudden cardiac death. Prioritization of druggable genes highlight potential therapeutic targets for arrhythmia. Together, these results substantially advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Young
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS trust, London, UK
| | - Najim Lahrouchi
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Deptartment of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Center for Systems Biology MaCSBio, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - ThuyVy Duong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luisa Foco
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine affiliated with the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Farah Ahmed
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reem Salman
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Walter Benjamins
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Linda Repetto
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Marten E van den Berg
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Weiss
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research; partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antoine R Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Freudling
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hines
- Genetics Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jonas L Isaksen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Honghuang Lin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Arden Moscati
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics IMBEI, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Casia Nursyifa
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yong Qian
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, US
| | - Anne Richmond
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carolina Roselli
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan van Duijvenboden
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of College London, London, UK
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences/The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Dania Raza
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Stefanie Aeschbacher
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Ahlberg
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura Andreasen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Nine, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University of Edinburgh, Nine, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eulalia Catamo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Michael J Cutler
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Alessandro De Grandi
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine affiliated with the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jun Ding
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, US
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Department of Data and Data Support, Region Zealand, 4180, Sorø, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research; partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine affiliated with the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Martin Gögele
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine affiliated with the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Claus Graff
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences/The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiology Division and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Heikki V Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juhani Junttila
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Thiago P Leal
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences/The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Deptartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simin Liu
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine and Surgery, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Peter W MacFarlane
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Massimo Mezzavilla
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rebecca N Mitchell
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research; partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Victor Nauffal
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Guillaume Pare
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kristen K Patton
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Giulia Pelliccione
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Alan Pittman
- Genetics Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine affiliated with the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Cardiology Service and Telehealth Center, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kenneth M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Labormedizinisches zentrum Dr. Risch, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, US
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Deptartment of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xia Shen
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine Guangzhou, Fudan University, Nansha District, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Benjamin Shoemaker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Arrhythmia Section, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center EPICARE, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, USA
| | - Monika Stoll
- Maastricht Center for Systems Biology MaCSBio, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NL, The Netherlands
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics IMBEI, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kirill Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, US
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences/The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Tinker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research; partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research; partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lu-Chen Weng
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Rsearch, Italian National Research Council, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research; partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Genetics Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Michele Orini
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of College London, London, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine affiliated with the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences/The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of College London, London, UK
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of College London, London, UK
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Borbala Mifsud
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Genomics and Translational Biomedicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Verhaert DVM, Linz D, Chaldoupi SM, Westra SW, den Uijl DW, Philippens S, Kerperien M, Habibi Z, Vorstermans B, ter Bekke RMA, Beukema RJ, Evertz R, Hemels MEW, Luermans JGLM, Manusama R, Lankveld TAR, van der Heijden CAJ, Bidar E, Hermans BJM, Zeemering S, Bijvoet GP, Habets J, Holtackers RJ, Mihl C, Nijveldt R, van Empel VPM, Knackstedt C, Simons SO, Buhre WFFA, Tijssen JGP, Isaacs A, Crijns HJGM, Maesen B, Vernooy K, Schotten U. Rationale and Design of the ISOLATION Study: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study Identifying Predictors for Successful Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in an Integrated Clinical Care and Research Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879139. [PMID: 35879962 PMCID: PMC9307503 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Continuous progress in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation techniques has led to an increasing number of procedures with improved outcome. However, about 30-50% of patients still experience recurrences within 1 year after their ablation. Comprehensive translational research approaches integrated in clinical care pathways may improve our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of AF and improve patient selection for AF ablation. Objectives Within the "IntenSive mOlecular and eLectropathological chAracterization of patienTs undergoIng atrial fibrillatiOn ablatioN" (ISOLATION) study, we aim to identify predictors of successful AF ablation in the following domains: (1) clinical factors, (2) AF patterns, (3) anatomical characteristics, (4) electrophysiological characteristics, (5) circulating biomarkers, and (6) genetic background. Herein, the design of the ISOLATION study and the integration of all study procedures into a standardized pathway for patients undergoing AF ablation are described. Methods ISOLATION (NCT04342312) is a two-center prospective cohort study including 650 patients undergoing AF ablation. Clinical characteristics and routine clinical test results will be collected, as well as results from the following additional diagnostics: determination of body composition, pre-procedural rhythm monitoring, extended surface electrocardiogram, biomarker testing, genetic analysis, and questionnaires. A multimodality model including a combination of established predictors and novel techniques will be developed to predict ablation success. Discussion In this study, several domains will be examined to identify predictors of successful AF ablation. The results may be used to improve patient selection for invasive AF management and to tailor treatment decisions to individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique V. M. Verhaert
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dominik Linz
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sevasti Maria Chaldoupi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd W. Westra
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dennis W. den Uijl
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Philippens
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mijke Kerperien
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Zarina Habibi
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bianca Vorstermans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rachel M. A. ter Bekke
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rypko J. Beukema
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Reinder Evertz
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martin E. W. Hemels
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Justin G. L. M. Luermans
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Randolph Manusama
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Theo A. R. Lankveld
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Claudia A. J. van der Heijden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ben J. M. Hermans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stef Zeemering
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Geertruida P. Bijvoet
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jesse Habets
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Holtackers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Casper Mihl
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Robin Nijveldt
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vanessa P. M. van Empel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christian Knackstedt
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sami O. Simons
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan G. P. Tijssen
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Harry J. G. M. Crijns
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart Maesen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Pinto AS, Flora K, Matharu D, Isaacs A, Machado P. POS0950 LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF STARTING AND SWITCHING FROM ORIGINAL ADALIMUMAB TO ADALIMUMAB BIOSIMILAR: REAL-WORLD DATA IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundBiological drugs have revolutionized the treatment of rheumatic diseases, and the recent expiry of the patents for many biological agents has led to the marketing of highly similar, low-cost versions known as biosimilars. However, questions regarding its efficacy compared to bio-originator drugs, in a real-life setting, have been raised. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines state that the response to biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) should be assessed 12 weeks after the beginning of the drug. Treatment should only be continued if there is clear evidence of response, defined as a reduction in the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score to 50% of the pre-treatment value or by 2 or more units and a reduction in the 10-cm spinal pain visual analogue scale (VAS) by 2 cm or more.ObjectivesTo compare the response to adalimumab (ADA) originator and biosimilar in bDMARD-naïve patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and in patients who switched from originator to biosimilar drug, accordingly to NICE guidelines; to compare the effectiveness and safety of the originator and biosimilar drugs in patients with axSpA, measured by persistence rates (PR) over three years.MethodsA retrospective observational single-centre UK study was performed in bDMARD-naïve patients with a clinical diagnosis of axSpA who initiated treatment with ADA (original or biosimilar) and in patients who switched from originator to biosimilar drug. Descriptive statistics were used. Disease activity at baseline and follow-up data at 3 and 6 months of treatment was compared using the chi-square test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate persistence rates in biologic treatment over time. Reasons for discontinuing therapy were summarized using descriptive statistics and stratified by treatment.ResultsA total of 153 patients were included: 83 patients started on original ADA, 31 started on biosimilar ADA and 40 switched from original to biosimilar drug. The population’s baseline characteristics are similar in the three groups. However, some differences were found, namely disease duration was longer in the group that did switch and the disease activity is similar in patients who started original and biosimilar ADA and was lower in the group of patients who switched from original to the biosimilar. The 3-year PR was not significantly different between originator and biosimilar ADA in bDMARD naïve patients and in the group of patients that switched from original drug to biosimilar drug (p=0.080), as shown in Figure 1. In the original ADA group, 3-years PR was 67.5% with a median time-on-drug (TOD) of 29.5 months; for biosimilar drug, 3-years PR was 64.5%, with a median TOD of 24.2 months. In patients who switched from original to biosimilar drug, 3-years PR was 77.5% with a median TOD of 30.3 months. Response to treatment according to NICE guidelines was similar between original and biosimilar drugs (p>0.05). Overall, 47 (30.7%) patients stopped adalimumab (27 patients on original drug and 20 on biosimilar drug). Discontinuations due to adverse events and inefficacy were the most frequent, and there were no significant differences between original and biosimilar drugs. Other reasons for discontinuation were less frequent, such as patient choice, loss of follow-up and death, and again without differences between original and biosimilar drugs.Figure 1.Drug survival in the three adalimumab groups (original adalimumab – blue line, biosimilar adalimumab – red line, and switch from original to biosimilar adalimumab – green line)ConclusionAdalimumab original and biosimilar used as a first-line biological treatment showed similar effectiveness and safety in our long-term cohort of patients with axSpA. Switch from original to biosimilar drug showed to have a good persistence on drug after three years of follow-up (77.5%).Disclosure of InterestsAna Sofia Pinto: None declared, Kalveer Flora: None declared, Dilpreet Matharu: None declared, Anthony Isaacs: None declared, Pedro Machado Speakers bureau: Received consulting/speaker’s fees from Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Orphazyme, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, all unrelated to this manuscript, Consultant of: Received consulting/speaker’s fees from Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Orphazyme, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, all unrelated to this manuscript
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Zeemering S, Isaacs A, Winters J, Gilbers M, Kawczynksi M, Chua W, Guasch E, Kaab S, Crijns H, Mont L, Hatem S, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Stoll M, Schotten U. Replicated gene expression changes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): European Union Horizon 2020 CATCH ME; Cardiovascular Research Netherlands RACE V
Background
Little is known about changes in the atrial transcriptome associated with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).
Purpose
To identify major molecular mechanisms in AF, we determined consistent differential expression (DE) between atrial tissue samples from well-characterized patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF and patients without a history of AF (no AF) in two independent patient cohorts.
Methods
Poly-A tailed RNA from left and right atrial appendage tissue samples from independent discovery and replication cohorts CATCH ME (n=192) and RACE V (n=122) was sequenced and analyzed according to patient AF history. Analyses were performed stratified by atrial side, adjusting for age, sex, heart failure and a combination of clinical characteristics determined by principal component analysis. Transcripts were considered DE in CATCH ME if their fold change reached transcriptome-wide significance (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). DE transcripts in each rhythm comparison were replicated in RACE V if we observed a concordant direction of effect and a within-set FDR < 0.05 in the same comparison.
Results
Persistent AF compared to no AF was associated with 184 left atrial DE transcripts in CATCH ME of which 85 (46%) were replicated in RACE V, and with 208 right atrial DE transcripts in CATCH ME of which 86 (41%) were replicated in RACE V. Overall, 26 transcripts were discovered and replicated in both atria. Discovered but non-replicated transcripts often did exhibit concordant direction of effect (left: 78%, right: 83%). Replicated transcripts consisted of protein coding genes, antisense and non-coding RNAs. Protein coding genes showed involvement in pathways linking persistent AF to cardiomyocyte structure, conduction properties, fibrosis, inflammation, molecule trafficking, and endothelial dysfunction. Interestingly, paroxysmal AF was not consistently associated with DE transcripts in any comparison. Principal component analysis of the expression of the 26 transcripts strongly associated with persistent AF did however reveal a distinct paroxysmal AF expression profile in-between no AF and persistent AF patients in the first principal component scores (Figure 1).
Conclusion
RNA sequencing of human atrial tissue samples identified many transcripts associated with persistent AF in left and/or right atria, discovered and replicated using two independent cohorts. These consistent findings of AF-induced changes provide a starting point for targeted proteomic analysis and single-nucleus sequencing to further unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying AF progression to persistent AF, and biomarker development to quantify AF progression and enable precision medicine in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zeemering
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - A Isaacs
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - J Winters
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - M Gilbers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - M Kawczynksi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - W Chua
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Guasch
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Kaab
- University Hospital of Munich, Department of Medicine I, Munich, Germany
| | - H Crijns
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - L Mont
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Hatem
- University Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - L Fabritz
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P Kirchhof
- University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Stoll
- University of Münster, Institute of Human Genetics, Münster, Germany
| | - U Schotten
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
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Winters J, Isaacs A, Zeemering S, Casadei B, Fabritz L, Guasch E, Mont L, Hatem S, Kirchhof P, Verheule S, Schotten U. Atrial endomysial fibrosis is associated with sex, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and age in cardiac surgery patients: results from the Catch-Me consortium. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): Horizon 2020
Background
Risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), such as ageing, heart failure and AF itself, enhance AF propensity partly by inducing atrial fibrosis. Atrial endomysial fibrosis, a type of reactive fibrosis occurring between cardiomyocytes, impairs transverse conduction in rapid atrial pacing animal models. The factors underlying transcriptional regulation of endomysial fibrosis are largely unknown.
Objective
To examine the contributions of age, sex, AF and heart failure to the development of endomysial fibrosis in the context of concurrent pathologies. To study genome-wide transcriptional changes associated with endomysial fibrosis in human left and right atrial appendage biopsies (LAA, n=95; RAA, n=76).
Methods
An algorithm for automated quantification of endomysial fibrosis following staining with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was employed. Linear mixed models were constructed to determine endomysial fibrosis quantity as a function of AF, heart failure, sex, age and four principal components that accounted for potential confounding effects of other clinical characteristics. RNA sequencing was used to study expression changes in the atrial transcriptome associated with endomysial fibrosis.
Results
Sex, persistent AF, heart failure and age were independently associated with endomysial fibrosis. We identified hundreds (LAA: 386, RAA: 311) of RNA transcripts associated with endomysial fibrosis. None of these associations were independent from the clinical phenotypes. However, explorative gene set enrichment analysis identified association of endomysial fibrosis with gene sets involved in extracellular matrix organization, immune response, cell motility, developmental processes, cardiac muscle contraction and proteostasis in LAA while in RAA only gene sets regulating contractile function were enriched.
Conclusion
Besides AF, female sex, age and heart failure are associated with endomysial fibrosis in the atria. While abundance of none of the differential genes were independently associated with endomysial fibrosis, gene set enrichment analysis suggests an involvement of extracellular matrix organization, immune response, cell motility, developmental processes and cardiac muscle contraction in endomysial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Winters
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - A Isaacs
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - S Zeemering
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - B Casadei
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Guasch
- Barcelona Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Mont
- Barcelona Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Hatem
- University Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - P Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Verheule
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - U Schotten
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
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Zeemering S, Isaacs A, Winters J, Isaacs A, Kawczynski M, Rivero MH, Ghalawinji A, Witten A, Chua W, Kaab S, Wakili R, Sinner MF, Mont L, Guasch E, Hatem S, Crijns HJ, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Stoll M, Schotten U. BS-515-04 REPLICATED GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. Heart Rhythm 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.03.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gilbers MD, Kawczynski M, Winters J, Isaacs A, Bidar E, Zeemering S, Van Gelder IC, Crijns HJ, Verheule S, Stoll M, Schotten U. PO-715-07 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN BIOMARKERS AND ENDOMYSIAL FIBROSIS IN LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIA OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY. Heart Rhythm 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.03.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Winters J, Isaacs A, Zeemering S, Casadei B, Fabritz L, Guasch E, Mont L, Hatem S, Kirchhof P, Verheule S, Schotten U. PO-699-05 ATRIAL ENDOMYSIAL FIBROSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH SEX, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, HEART FAILURE AND AGE IN CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM THE CATCH ME CONSORTIUM. Heart Rhythm 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.03.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kawczynski M, Gilbers MD, Bidar E, Winters J, Zeemering S, Verheule S, Isaacs A, Maesen B, Crijns HJ, Van Gelder IC, Schotten U. PO-700-03 CORRELATION BETWEEN ATRIAL FUNCTION, BLOOD BIOMARKERS, AND HISTOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY WITHOUT HISTORY OF ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIAS. Heart Rhythm 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.03.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Kawczynski MJ, Zeemering S, Gilbers M, Isaacs A, Verheule S, Zink MD, Maesen B, Bramer S, Van Gelder IC, Crijns HJGM, Schotten U, Bidar E. New-onset perioperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery patients: transient trouble or persistent problem?-Authors' reply. Europace 2021; 24:1037-1038. [PMID: 34951637 PMCID: PMC9282910 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michal J Kawczynski
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stef Zeemering
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Gilbers
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Verheule
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias D Zink
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Maesen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Bramer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle C Van Gelder
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J G M Crijns
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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23
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Linz D, Verheule S, Isaacs A, Schotten U. Considerations for the Assessment of Substrates, Genetics and Risk Factors in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2021; 10:132-139. [PMID: 34777816 PMCID: PMC8576487 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2020.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful translation of research focussing on atrial arrhythmogenic mechanisms has potential to provide a mechanism-tailored classification and to support personalised treatment approaches in patients with AF. The clinical uptake and clinical implementation of new diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies require translational research approaches on various levels. Diagnostic translation involves the development of clinical diagnostic tools. Additionally, multidisciplinary teams are required for collaborative translation to describe genetic mechanisms, molecular pathways, electrophysiological characteristics and concomitant risk factors. In this article, current approaches for AF substrate characterisation, analysis of genes potentially involved in AF and strategies for AF risk factor assessment are summarised. The authors discuss challenges and obstacles to clinical translation and implementation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Linz
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University and Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sander Verheule
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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24
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Fabritz L, Crijns HJGM, Guasch E, Goette A, Häusler KG, Kotecha D, Lewalter T, Meyer C, Potpara TS, Rienstra M, Schnabel RB, Willems S, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Chan A, Chua W, de Melis M, Dimopoulou C, Dobrev D, Easter C, Eckardt L, Haase D, Hatem S, Healey JS, Heijman J, Hohnloser SH, Huebner T, Ilyas BS, Isaacs A, Kutschka I, Leclercq C, Lip GYH, Marinelli EA, Merino JL, Mont L, Nabauer M, Oldgren J, Pürerfellner H, Ravens U, Savelieva I, Sinner MF, Sitch A, Smolnik R, Steffel J, Stein K, Stoll M, Svennberg E, Thomas D, Van Gelder IC, Vardar B, Wakili R, Wieloch M, Zeemering S, Ziegler PD, Heidbuchel H, Hindricks G, Schotten U, Kirchhof P. Dynamic risk assessment to improve quality of care in patients with atrial fibrillation: the 7th AFNET/EHRA Consensus Conference. Europace 2021; 23:329-344. [PMID: 33555020 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and its complications continues to increase, despite good progress in preventing AF-related strokes. METHODS AND RESULTS This article summarizes the outcomes of the 7th Consensus Conference of the Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) held in Lisbon in March 2019. Sixty-five international AF specialists met to present new data and find consensus on pressing issues in AF prevention, management and future research to improve care for patients with AF and prevent AF-related complications. This article is the main outcome of an interactive, iterative discussion between breakout specialist groups and the meeting plenary. AF patients have dynamic risk profiles requiring repeated assessment and risk-based therapy stratification to optimize quality of care. Interrogation of deeply phenotyped datasets with outcomes will lead to a better understanding of the cardiac and systemic effects of AF, interacting with comorbidities and predisposing factors, enabling stratified therapy. New proposals include an algorithm for the acute management of patients with AF and heart failure, a call for a refined, data-driven assessment of stroke risk, suggestions for anticoagulation use in special populations, and a call for rhythm control therapy selection based on risk of AF recurrence. CONCLUSION The remaining morbidity and mortality in patients with AF needs better characterization. Likely drivers of the remaining AF-related problems are AF burden, potentially treatable by rhythm control therapy, and concomitant conditions, potentially treatable by treating these conditions. Identifying the drivers of AF-related complications holds promise for stratified therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Birmingham, UK
| | - Harry J G M Crijns
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERCV, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Goette
- Medical Clinic II, St. Vincenz Krankenhaus, Paderborn, Germany.,Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dipak Kotecha
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Thorsten Lewalter
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,Internistisches Klinikum München Süd, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tatjana S Potpara
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
| | | | - Renate B Schnabel
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Willems
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guenter Breithardt
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - A John Camm
- St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, UK
| | | | - Winnie Chua
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Easter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Lars Eckardt
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Doreen Haase
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany
| | - Stephane Hatem
- Department of Cardiology, Sorbonne Universités, Faculté de médecine UPMC, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Population Health Research Institute Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Aaron Isaacs
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,Klinik für Thorax-, Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie, University Hospital Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jose L Merino
- Arrhythmia & Robotic EP Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Spain
| | - Lluís Mont
- Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael Nabauer
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Oldgren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Helmut Pürerfellner
- Department für Rhythmologie und Elektrophysiologie, Ordensklinikum Linz, Austria
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,Institut für Experimentelle Kardiovaskuläre Medizin, Universitätsherzzentrum Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | | | - Moritz F Sinner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Alice Sitch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Monika Stoll
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Emma Svennberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd's Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumonology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabelle C Van Gelder
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Reza Wakili
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | | | - Stef Zeemering
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University, University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands.,Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany.,University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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25
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Young W, Isaacs A, Lahrouchi N, Mifsud B, Munroe PB, Newton-Cheh CH, Sotoodehnia N. B-AB13-01 TRANS-ANCESTRY GWAS OF 252,730 INDIVIDUALS IDENTIFIES 114 NOVEL LOCI ASSOCIATED WITH THE QT INTERVAL. Heart Rhythm 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Young W, Isaacs A, Lahrouchi N, Mifsud B, Munroe PB, Newton-Cheh CH, Sotoodehnia N. B-011-01 TRANS-ANCESTRY GWAS OF 252,730 INDIVIDUALS IDENTIFIES 114 NOVEL LOCI ASSOCIATED WITH THE QT INTERVAL. Heart Rhythm 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Bidar E, Zeemering S, Gilbers M, Isaacs A, Verheule S, Zink MD, Maesen B, Bramer S, Kawczynski M, Van Gelder IC, Crijns HJGM, Maessen JG, Schotten U. Clinical and electrophysiological predictors of device-detected new-onset atrial fibrillation during 3 years after cardiac surgery. Europace 2021; 23:1922-1930. [PMID: 34198338 PMCID: PMC8651165 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery is an independent predictor of stroke and mortality late after discharge. We aimed to determine the burden and predictors of early (up to 5th postoperative day) and late (after 5th postoperative day) new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) using implantable loop recorders (ILRs) in patients undergoing open chest cardiac surgery. Methods and results Seventy-nine patients without a history of AF undergoing cardiac surgery underwent peri-operative high-resolution mapping of electrically induced AF and were followed 36 months after surgery using an ILR (Reveal XT™). Clinical and electrophysiological predictors of late POAF were assessed. POAF occurred in 46 patients (58%), with early POAF detected in 27 (34%) and late POAF in 37 patients (47%). Late POAF episodes were short-lasting (mostly between 2 min and 6 h) and showed a circadian rhythm pattern with a peak of episode initiation during daytime. In POAF patients, electrically induced AF showed more complex propagation patterns than in patients without POAF. Early POAF, right atrial (RA) volume, prolonged PR time, and advanced age were independent predictors of late POAF. Conclusions Late POAF occurred in 47% of patients without a history of AF. Patients who develop early POAF, with higher age, larger RA, or prolonged PR time have a higher risk of developing late POAF and may benefit from intensified rhythm follow-up after cardiac surgery. Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01530750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, POB 5800, 6202 AZMaastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stef Zeemering
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Gilbers
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Verheule
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias D Zink
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Maesen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, POB 5800, 6202 AZMaastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Bramer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Kawczynski
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, POB 5800, 6202 AZMaastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle C Van Gelder
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J G M Crijns
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G Maessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, POB 5800, 6202 AZMaastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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28
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Balamurali D, Zeemering S, Sinner MF, Wakili R, Hatem S, Mont L, Guasch E, Batlle M, Kaab S, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Schotten U, Stoll M, Isaacs A. RNA-seq profiling of the atrial transcriptome reveals gender-specific patterns and interactions with atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): TRAIN-HEART Innovative Training Network, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 813716) Characterizing Atrial fibrillation by Translating its Causes into Health Modifiers in the Elderly (CATCH ME), funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (under the grant agreement no. 633196)
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with heart failure (HF) and stroke. Clinical and experimental data from previous studies suggest gender differences in mechanisms and phenotypes of AF: women may have more atrial fibrosis, worse outcomes after catheter ablation, and some women carry a higher risk for thromboembolic complications than men. The molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are still poorly understood.
Methods
Gender-based transcriptional patterns were assessed using paired-end, directional RNA sequencing data generated from atrial tissue biopsies in 199 patients either in sinus rhythm or with paroxysmal or persistent AF as part of the CATCH-ME project. Transcript counts were compared between genders separately in the left and right atria using the DESeq2 package in R. The models were adjusted for potential sources of confounding (age, atrial fibrillation status, heart failure status and sequencing batch). Interaction models were implemented using DESeq2 to compare gender*morbidity interactions for persistent AF and HF. Significance was assessed using likelihood ratio tests comparing models with and without the interaction terms. Results with an adjusted P-value 0.05 were considered significant and utilized for subsequent downstream assessments. Differentially expressed (DE) genes were tested for enrichment of gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways using the WebGestalt toolkit.
Results
Transcriptome-wide profiling across the cohort identified 33 sex-differentiated genes in the left atria and 51 in the right atrial samples, with 21 of these showing bilateral differences. Interestingly, 36 (44%) of the results from these analyses were comprised of non-coding transcripts, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), antisense RNAs and pseudogenes. GO and pathway enrichment analyses for these genes revealed their involvement in critical pathways such as the complement and coagulation cascades and RNA transport. Interaction analyses between gender and AF identified two genes (MPP2 & GNAS-AS1) that were differentially transcribed in the right atria and one gene (MYL2) that was DE in the left atria by gender in persistent AF samples. A similar analysis comparing gender*HF morbidity also revealed evidence of DE. Four transcripts (HLA-DQB1-AS1, EIF1AY, UTY and ZFY-AS1) showed gender-specific differences in expression by HF status in left atria, while HLA-DQB1-AS1 was differentially regulated by gender and HF status in right atrial samples.
Conclusions
These RNA-seq analyses provide novel insights into gender-related differences in the transcriptional landscape of right and left adult human atrial appendages. Moreover, interaction analyses identified three genes DE in female atria in persistent AF and four DE genes in female atria in heart failure, providing a molecular anchor for the observed differences in atrial diseases phenotypes between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Balamurali
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Biochemistry, Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - S Zeemering
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Physiology, Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - MF Sinner
- Ludwig-Maximilians University, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R Wakili
- University of Duisburg-Essen, West German Heart Center, Essen, Germany
| | - S Hatem
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, INSERM UMRS1166, ICAN, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Cardiologie, Paris, France
| | - L Mont
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Guasch
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Batlle
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Kaab
- Ludwig-Maximilians University, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P Kirchhof
- University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - U Schotten
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Physiology, Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - M Stoll
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Biochemistry, Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - A Isaacs
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Physiology, Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
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29
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Iding AFJ, Witten A, Isaacs A, Castoldi E, Ten Cate H, Stoll M, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ. Leukocyte gene expression in post-thrombotic syndrome. Thromb Res 2021; 202:40-42. [PMID: 33713866 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F J Iding
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart+Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anika Witten
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Castoldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Ten Cate
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart+Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Stoll
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Arina J Ten Cate-Hoek
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart+Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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30
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Gilbers MD, Bidar E, Maesen B, Zeemering S, Isaacs A, Crijns H, van Gelder I, Rienstra M, Verheule S, Maessen J, Stoll M, Schotten U. Reappraisal of Atrial fibrillation: interaction between hyperCoagulability, Electrical remodelling and Vascular destabilisation in the progression of AF (RACE V) Tissue Bank Project: study design. Neth Heart J 2021; 29:280-287. [PMID: 33506376 PMCID: PMC8062651 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-021-01538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex multifactorial process. Over the past few decades, much has been learned about the pathophysiological processes that can lead to AF from a variety of specific disease models in animals. However, our ability to recognise these disease processes in AF patients is still limited, which has contributed to the limited progress in improving rhythm control in AF. Aims/objectives We believe that a better understanding and detection of the individual pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AF is a prerequisite for developing patient-tailored therapies. The RACE V Tissue Bank Project will contribute to the unravelling of the main molecular mechanisms of AF by studying histology and genome-wide RNA expression profiles and combining this information with detailed phenotyping of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods As more and more evidence suggests that AF may occur not only during the first days but also during the months and years after surgery, we will systematically study the incidence of AF during the first years after cardiac surgery in patients with or without a history of AF. Both the overall AF burden as well as the pattern of AF episodes will be studied. Lastly, we will study the association between the major molecular mechanisms and the clinical presentation of the patients, including the incidence and pattern of AF during the follow-up period. Conclusion The RACE V Tissue Bank Project combines deep phenotyping of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, including rhythm follow-up, analysis of molecular mechanisms, histological analysis and genome-wide RNA sequencing. This approach will provide detailed insights into the main pathological alterations associated with AF in atrial tissue and thereby contribute to the development of individualised, mechanistically informed patient-tailored treatment for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Gilbers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - E Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B Maesen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Zeemering
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Isaacs
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Crijns
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - I van Gelder
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Verheule
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Maessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Stoll
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - U Schotten
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Lagou V, Mägi R, Hottenga JJ, Grallert H, Perry JRB, Bouatia-Naji N, Marullo L, Rybin D, Jansen R, Min JL, Dimas AS, Ulrich A, Zudina L, Gådin JR, Jiang L, Faggian A, Bonnefond A, Fadista J, Stathopoulou MG, Isaacs A, Willems SM, Navarro P, Tanaka T, Jackson AU, Montasser ME, O'Connell JR, Bielak LF, Webster RJ, Saxena R, Stafford JM, Pourcain BS, Timpson NJ, Salo P, Shin SY, Amin N, Smith AV, Li G, Verweij N, Goel A, Ford I, Johnson PCD, Johnson T, Kapur K, Thorleifsson G, Strawbridge RJ, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Esko T, Mihailov E, Fall T, Fraser RM, Mahajan A, Kanoni S, Giedraitis V, Kleber ME, Silbernagel G, Meyer J, Müller-Nurasyid M, Ganna A, Sarin AP, Yengo L, Shungin D, Luan J, Horikoshi M, An P, Sanna S, Boettcher Y, Rayner NW, Nolte IM, Zemunik T, Iperen EV, Kovacs P, Hastie ND, Wild SH, McLachlan S, Campbell S, Polasek O, Carlson O, Egan J, Kiess W, Willemsen G, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Dimitriou M, Hicks AA, Rauramaa R, Bandinelli S, Thorand B, Liu Y, Miljkovic I, Lind L, Doney A, Perola M, Hingorani A, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Bennett AJ, Groves CJ, Herder C, Koistinen HA, Kinnunen L, Faire UD, Bakker SJL, Uusitupa M, Palmer CNA, Jukema JW, Sattar N, Pouta A, Snieder H, Boerwinkle E, Pankow JS, Magnusson PK, Krus U, Scapoli C, de Geus EJCN, Blüher M, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Province MA, Abecasis GR, Meigs JB, Hovingh GK, Lindström J, Wilson JF, Wright AF, Dedoussis GV, Bornstein SR, Schwarz PEH, Tönjes A, Winkelmann BR, Boehm BO, März W, Metspalu A, Price JF, Deloukas P, Körner A, Lakka TA, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi SM, Saaristo TE, Bergman RN, Tuomilehto J, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Männistö S, Franks PW, Hayward C, Vitart V, Kaprio J, Visvikis-Siest S, Balkau B, Altshuler D, Rudan I, Stumvoll M, Campbell H, van Duijn CM, Gieger C, Illig T, Ferrucci L, Pedersen NL, Pramstaller PP, Boehnke M, Frayling TM, Shuldiner AR, Peyser PA, Kardia SLR, Palmer LJ, Penninx BW, Meneton P, Harris TB, Navis G, Harst PVD, Smith GD, Forouhi NG, Loos RJF, Salomaa V, Soranzo N, Boomsma DI, Groop L, Tuomi T, Hofman A, Munroe PB, Gudnason V, Siscovick DS, Watkins H, Lecoeur C, Vollenweider P, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P, Jarvelin MR, Stefansson K, Hamsten A, Nicholson G, Karpe F, Dermitzakis ET, Lindgren CM, McCarthy MI, Froguel P, Kaakinen MA, Lyssenko V, Watanabe RM, Ingelsson E, Florez JC, Dupuis J, Barroso I, Morris AP, Prokopenko I. Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability. Nat Commun 2021; 12:24. [PMID: 33402679 PMCID: PMC7785747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jouke- Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Denis Rybin
- Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antigone S Dimas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jesper R Gådin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Longda Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Amélie Bonnefond
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joao Fadista
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases and Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara M Willems
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca J Webster
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Departmentartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanette M Stafford
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Perttu Salo
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - So-Youn Shin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul C D Johnson
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Toby Johnson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen Kapur
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ross M Fraser
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Synpromics Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Genentech, 340 Point San Bruno Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Meyer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Loic Yengo
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Boettcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik van Iperen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicholas D Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Susan Campbell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Olga Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josephine Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wieland Kiess
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women's & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) (Affiliated Institute of the University of LübeckLübeckGermany), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alex Doney
- Pat McPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Amanda J Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher J Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 340, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat McPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Dept of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- IMM Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MiI, USA
| | - Patrik K Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eco J C N de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine, Division for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter E H Schwarz
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore and Imperial College London, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antje Körner
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirkka M Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo E Saaristo
- Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Units of Medicine and Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, UVSQ, UMRS 1018, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - David Altshuler
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) (Affiliated Institute of the University of LübeckLübeckGermany), Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lyle J Palmer
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Meneton
- U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Geriatric Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leif Groop
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for healthy ageing, the Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and HPA-MRC Center, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institue of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, 340 Point San Bruno Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- Exeter Centre of ExcEllence in Diabetes (ExCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation.
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Weng LC, Hall AW, Choi SH, Jurgens SJ, Haessler J, Bihlmeyer NA, Grarup N, Lin H, Teumer A, Li-Gao R, Yao J, Guo X, Brody JA, Müller-Nurasyid M, Schramm K, Verweij N, van den Berg ME, van Setten J, Isaacs A, Ramírez J, Warren HR, Padmanabhan S, Kors JA, de Boer RA, van der Meer P, Sinner MF, Waldenberger M, Psaty BM, Taylor KD, Völker U, Kanters JK, Li M, Alonso A, Perez MV, Vaartjes I, Bots ML, Huang PL, Heckbert SR, Lin HJ, Kornej J, Munroe PB, van Duijn CM, Asselbergs FW, Stricker BH, van der Harst P, Kääb S, Peters A, Sotoodehnia N, Rotter JI, Mook-Kanamori DO, Dörr M, Felix SB, Linneberg A, Hansen T, Arking DE, Kooperberg C, Benjamin EJ, Lunetta KL, Ellinor PT, Lubitz SA. Genetic Determinants of Electrocardiographic P-Wave Duration and Relation to Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Genom Precis Med 2020; 13:387-395. [PMID: 32822252 PMCID: PMC7578098 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P-wave duration (PWD) is an electrocardiographic measurement that represents cardiac conduction in the atria. Shortened or prolonged PWD is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). We used exome-chip data to examine the associations between common and rare variants with PWD. METHODS Fifteen studies comprising 64 440 individuals (56 943 European, 5681 African, 1186 Hispanic, 630 Asian) and ≈230 000 variants were used to examine associations with maximum PWD across the 12-lead ECG. Meta-analyses summarized association results for common variants; gene-based burden and sequence kernel association tests examined low-frequency variant-PWD associations. Additionally, we examined the associations between PWD loci and AF using previous AF genome-wide association studies. RESULTS We identified 21 common and low-frequency genetic loci (14 novel) associated with maximum PWD, including several AF loci (TTN, CAND2, SCN10A, PITX2, CAV1, SYNPO2L, SOX5, TBX5, MYH6, RPL3L). The top variants at known sarcomere genes (TTN, MYH6) were associated with longer PWD and increased AF risk. However, top variants at other loci (eg, PITX2 and SCN10A) were associated with longer PWD but lower AF risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight multiple novel genetic loci associated with PWD, and underscore the shared mechanisms of atrial conduction and AF. Prolonged PWD may be an endophenotype for several different genetic mechanisms of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Chen Weng
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, MGH, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amelia Weber Hall
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, MGH, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sean J. Jurgens
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Rsrch Ctr, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle WA
| | - Nathan A. Bihlmeyer
- McKusick-Nathans Dept of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Med, Baltimore, MD
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Ctr for Basic Metabolic Rsrch, Faculty of Health & Med Sciences, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Boston Univ & NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Dept of Med, Boston Univ School of Med, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- DZHK (German Ctr for Cardiovascular Rsrch), partner site Greifswald
- Inst for Community Med, Univ Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Dept of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden Univ Medical Ctr, the Netherlands
| | - Jie Yao
- The Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences at Harbor-UCLA Medical Ctr, Torrance
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences at Harbor-UCLA Medical Ctr, Torrance
- Dept of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Med at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Rsrch Unit, Dept of Med, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Washington
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich
- Dept of Internal Med I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ (LMU) Munich, Munich
- Inst of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Rsrch Ctr for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schramm
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich
- Dept of Internal Med I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ (LMU) Munich, Munich
- Inst of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Rsrch Ctr for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Niek Verweij
- Genomics plc, Oxford, UK
- Dept of Cardiology, Univ of Groningen & Univ Medical Ctr, Groningen
| | - Marten E. van den Berg
- Dept of Epidemiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, Univ of Utrecht, Univ Medical Ctr Utrecht
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Dept of Cardiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, Univ of Utrecht, Univ Medical Ctr Utrecht
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Univ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Dept of Physiology, Maastricht Univ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Ramírez
- Nat Inst for Health Rsrch, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Rsrch Ctr, Barts & The London School of Med & Dentistry, Queen Mary Univ of London, London
- William Harvey Rsrch Inst, Barts & The London School of Med & Dentistry, Queen Mary Univ of London, London
| | - Helen R. Warren
- Nat Inst for Health Rsrch, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Rsrch Ctr, Barts & The London School of Med & Dentistry, Queen Mary Univ of London, London
- William Harvey Rsrch Inst, Barts & The London School of Med & Dentistry, Queen Mary Univ of London, London
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Inst of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Univ of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jan A. Kors
- Dept of Med Informatics, Erasmus Univ Medical Ctr, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Moritz F. Sinner
- Dept of Internal Med I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ (LMU) Munich, Munich
- DZHK (German Ctr for Cardiovascular Rsrch), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- DZHK (German Ctr for Cardiovascular Rsrch), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich
- Inst of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Rsrch Ctr for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Rsrch unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Rsrch Ctr for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Rsrch Unit, Depts of Med, Epidemiology & Health Services, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Washington
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Rsrch Inst, Seattle, WA
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences at Harbor-UCLA Medical Ctr, Torrance
- Dept of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Med at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Ctr for Cardiovascular Rsrch), partner site Greifswald
- Interfaculty Inst for Genetics & Functional Genomics, Univ Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jørgen K. Kanters
- Lab of Experimental Cardiology, Faculty of Health & Med Sciences, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Man Li
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertensions, Dept of Internal Med, Univ of Utah School of Med, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Dept of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Ctr for Health Sciences & Primary Care, Univ Medical Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht Univ, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel L. Bots
- Julius Ctr for Health Sciences & Primary Care, Univ Medical Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht Univ, the Netherlands
| | | | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Rsrch Unit, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Washington
| | - Henry J. Lin
- The Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences at Harbor-UCLA Medical Ctr, Torrance
- Dept of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Med at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jelena Kornej
- Boston Univ & NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Nat Inst for Health Rsrch, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Rsrch Ctr, Barts & The London School of Med & Dentistry, Queen Mary Univ of London, London
- William Harvey Rsrch Inst, Barts & The London School of Med & Dentistry, Queen Mary Univ of London, London
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus Univ Medical Ctr, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Dept of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, St. Cross College, Oxford Univ, Oxford
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Dept of Cardiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, Univ of Utrecht, Univ Medical Ctr Utrecht
- Health Data Rsrch UK & Inst of Health Informatics, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Univ College London, London, UK
- Inst of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Univ College London, London, UK
| | - Bruno H. Stricker
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Division of Heart & Lungs, Univ of Utrecht, Univ Medical Ctr Utrecht
- Dept of Med Informatics, Erasmus MC, Medical Ctr Rotterdam, Division of Heart & Lungs, Univ of Utrecht, Univ Medical Ctr Utrecht
- Inspectorate of Health Care
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Dept of Cardiology, Univ of Groningen & Univ Medical Ctr, Groningen
- Durrer Ctr for Cardiogenetic Rsrch, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Inst, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Dept of Genetics, Univ of Groningen & Univ Medical Ctr, Groningen
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Dept of Internal Med I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ (LMU) Munich, Munich
- DZHK (German Ctr for Cardiovascular Rsrch), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich
| | - Annette Peters
- DZHK (German Ctr for Cardiovascular Rsrch), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich
- Inst of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Rsrch Ctr for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Ctr for Diabetes Rsrch, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Rsrch Unit, Dept of Med, Dept of Epidemiology, Univ of Washington
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences at Harbor-UCLA Medical Ctr, Torrance
- Depts of Pediatrics & Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Med at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori
- Dept of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden Univ Medical Ctr, the Netherlands
- Dept of Public Health & Primary Care, Leiden Univ Medical Ctr, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Ctr for Cardiovascular Rsrch), partner site Greifswald
- Dept of Internal Med B, Univ Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B. Felix
- DZHK (German Ctr for Cardiovascular Rsrch), partner site Greifswald
- Dept of Internal Med B, Univ Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Ctr for Clinical Rsrch & Prevention, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denamrk
- Dept of Clinical Med, Faculty of Health & Med Sciences, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Ctr for Basic Metabolic Rsrch, Faculty of Health & Med Sciences, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan E. Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Dept of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Med, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Rsrch Ctr, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle WA
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Boston Univ & NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Dept of Epidemiology, Boston Univ School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Dept of Med, Boston Univ School of Med, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Boston Univ & NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Dept of Biostatistics, Boston Univ School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, MGH, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, MGH, Boston
| | - Steven A. Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, MGH, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, MGH, Boston
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Ntalla I, Weng LC, Cartwright JH, Hall AW, Sveinbjornsson G, Tucker NR, Choi SH, Chaffin MD, Roselli C, Barnes MR, Mifsud B, Warren HR, Hayward C, Marten J, Cranley JJ, Concas MP, Gasparini P, Boutin T, Kolcic I, Polasek O, Rudan I, Araujo NM, Lima-Costa MF, Ribeiro ALP, Souza RP, Tarazona-Santos E, Giedraitis V, Ingelsson E, Mahajan A, Morris AP, Del Greco M F, Foco L, Gögele M, Hicks AA, Cook JP, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Sundström J, Nelson CP, Riaz MB, Samani NJ, Sinagra G, Ulivi S, Kähönen M, Mishra PP, Mononen N, Nikus K, Caulfield MJ, Dominiczak A, Padmanabhan S, Montasser ME, O'Connell JR, Ryan K, Shuldiner AR, Aeschbacher S, Conen D, Risch L, Thériault S, Hutri-Kähönen N, Lehtimäki T, Lyytikäinen LP, Raitakari OT, Barnes CLK, Campbell H, Joshi PK, Wilson JF, Isaacs A, Kors JA, van Duijn CM, Huang PL, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Smith AV, Bottinger EP, Loos RJF, Nadkarni GN, Preuss MH, Correa A, Mei H, Wilson J, Meitinger T, Müller-Nurasyid M, Peters A, Waldenberger M, Mangino M, Spector TD, Rienstra M, van de Vegte YJ, van der Harst P, Verweij N, Kääb S, Schramm K, Sinner MF, Strauch K, Cutler MJ, Fatkin D, London B, Olesen M, Roden DM, Benjamin Shoemaker M, Gustav Smith J, Biggs ML, Bis JC, Brody JA, Psaty BM, Rice K, Sotoodehnia N, De Grandi A, Fuchsberger C, Pattaro C, Pramstaller PP, Ford I, Wouter Jukema J, Macfarlane PW, Trompet S, Dörr M, Felix SB, Völker U, Weiss S, Havulinna AS, Jula A, Sääksjärvi K, Salomaa V, Guo X, Heckbert SR, Lin HJ, Rotter JI, Taylor KD, Yao J, de Mutsert R, Maan AC, Mook-Kanamori DO, Noordam R, Cucca F, Ding J, Lakatta EG, Qian Y, Tarasov KV, Levy D, Lin H, Newton-Cheh CH, Lunetta KL, Murray AD, Porteous DJ, Smith BH, Stricker BH, Uitterlinden A, van den Berg ME, Haessler J, Jackson RD, Kooperberg C, Peters U, Reiner AP, Whitsel EA, Alonso A, Arking DE, Boerwinkle E, Ehret GB, Soliman EZ, Avery CL, Gogarten SM, Kerr KF, Laurie CC, Seyerle AA, Stilp A, Assa S, Abdullah Said M, Yldau van der Ende M, Lambiase PD, Orini M, Ramirez J, Van Duijvenboden S, Arnar DO, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Sulem P, Thorleifsson G, Thorolfsdottir RB, Thorsteinsdottir U, Benjamin EJ, Tinker A, Stefansson K, Ellinor PT, Jamshidi Y, Lubitz SA, Munroe PB. Multi-ancestry GWAS of the electrocardiographic PR interval identifies 202 loci underlying cardiac conduction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2542. [PMID: 32439900 PMCID: PMC7242331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrocardiographic PR interval reflects atrioventricular conduction, and is associated with conduction abnormalities, pacemaker implantation, atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiovascular mortality. Here we report a multi-ancestry (N = 293,051) genome-wide association meta-analysis for the PR interval, discovering 202 loci of which 141 have not previously been reported. Variants at identified loci increase the percentage of heritability explained, from 33.5% to 62.6%. We observe enrichment for cardiac muscle developmental/contractile and cytoskeletal genes, highlighting key regulation processes for atrioventricular conduction. Additionally, 8 loci not previously reported harbor genes underlying inherited arrhythmic syndromes and/or cardiomyopathies suggesting a role for these genes in cardiovascular pathology in the general population. We show that polygenic predisposition to PR interval duration is an endophenotype for cardiovascular disease, including distal conduction disease, AF, and atrioventricular pre-excitation. These findings advance our understanding of the polygenic basis of cardiac conduction, and the genetic relationship between PR interval duration and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lu-Chen Weng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James H Cartwright
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amelia Weber Hall
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Nathan R Tucker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Chaffin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Roselli
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Borbala Mifsud
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Marten
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James J Cranley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polasek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
- Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nathalia M Araujo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro
- Hospital das Clínicas e Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renan P Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fabiola Del Greco M
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Gögele
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Muhammad B Riaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anna Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - David Conen
- Cardiology Division, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Catriona L K Barnes
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yordi J van de Vegte
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Genomics plc, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Kääb
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schramm
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Cutler
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Barry London
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Morten Olesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan M Roden
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Benjamin Shoemaker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University and Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiology Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessandro De Grandi
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W Macfarlane
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; Department of Functional Genomics; University Medicine and University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; Department of Functional Genomics; University Medicine and University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie C Maan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jun Ding
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirill V Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher H Newton-Cheh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison D Murray
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Human Genotyping Facility Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marten E van den Berg
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Georg B Ehret
- Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Kathleen F Kerr
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda A Seyerle
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adrienne Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Solmaz Assa
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Abdullah Said
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Yldau van der Ende
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michele Orini
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Van Duijvenboden
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Rosa B Thorolfsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Tinker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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34
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Brouwers MCGJ, Simons N, Stehouwer CDA, Isaacs A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: assessing the evidence for causality. Diabetologia 2020; 63:253-260. [PMID: 31713012 PMCID: PMC6946734 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although epidemiological studies have shown that NAFLD is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), it remains unknown whether NAFLD is an active contributor or an innocent bystander. Plasma lipids, low-grade inflammation, impaired fibrinolysis and hepatokines are potential mediators of the relationship between NAFLD and CVD. The Mendelian randomisation approach can help to make causal inferences. Studies that used common variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and GCKR as instruments to investigate the relationship between NAFLD and coronary artery disease (CAD) have reported contrasting results. Variants in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 were found to protect against CAD, whereas variants in GCKR were positively associated with CAD. Since all three genes have been associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, the second stage of NAFLD, the question of whether low-grade inflammation is an important mediator of the relationship between NAFLD and CAD arises. In contrast, the differential effects of these genes on plasma lipids (i.e. lipid-lowering for PNPLA3 and TM6SF2, and lipid-raising for GCKR) strongly suggest that plasma lipids account for their differential effects on CAD risk. This concept has recently been confirmed in an extended set of 12 NAFLD susceptibility genes. From these studies it appears that plasma lipids are an important mediator between NAFLD and CVD risk. These findings have important clinical implications, particularly for the design of anti-NAFLD drugs that also affect lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Nynke Simons
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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35
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van der Spek A, Broer L, Draisma HHM, Pool R, Albrecht E, Beekman M, Mangino M, Raag M, Nyholt DR, Dharuri HK, Codd V, Amin N, de Geus EJC, Deelen J, Demirkan A, Yet I, Fischer K, Haller T, Henders AK, Isaacs A, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Mooijaart SP, Strauch K, Suchiman HED, Vaarhorst AAM, van Heemst D, Wang-Sattler R, Whitfield JB, Willemsen G, Wright MJ, Martin NG, Samani NJ, Metspalu A, Eline Slagboom P, Spector TD, Boomsma DI, van Duijn CM, Gieger C. Metabolomics reveals a link between homocysteine and lipid metabolism and leukocyte telomere length: the ENGAGE consortium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11623. [PMID: 31406173 PMCID: PMC6690953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening has been associated with multiple age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dementia. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for these associations remain largely unknown. In order to gain insight into the metabolic processes driving the association of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) with age-related diseases, we investigated the association between LTL and serum metabolite levels in 7,853 individuals from seven independent cohorts. LTL was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the levels of 131 serum metabolites were measured with mass spectrometry in biological samples from the same blood draw. With partial correlation analysis, we identified six metabolites that were significantly associated with LTL after adjustment for multiple testing: lysophosphatidylcholine acyl C17:0 (lysoPC a C17:0, p-value = 7.1 × 10−6), methionine (p-value = 9.2 × 10−5), tyrosine (p-value = 2.1 × 10−4), phosphatidylcholine diacyl C32:1 (PC aa C32:1, p-value = 2.4 × 10−4), hydroxypropionylcarnitine (C3-OH, p-value = 2.6 × 10−4), and phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38:4 (PC ae C38:4, p-value = 9.0 × 10−4). Pathway analysis showed that the three phosphatidylcholines and methionine are involved in homocysteine metabolism and we found supporting evidence for an association of lipid metabolism with LTL. In conclusion, we found longer LTL associated with higher levels of lysoPC a C17:0 and PC ae C38:4, and with lower levels of methionine, tyrosine, PC aa C32:1, and C3-OH. These metabolites have been implicated in inflammation, oxidative stress, homocysteine metabolism, and in cardiovascular disease and diabetes, two major drivers of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley van der Spek
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen H M Draisma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building Room E301, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,BBMRI-NL: Infrastructure for the Application of Metabolomics Technology in Epidemiology (RP4), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marian Beekman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mait Raag
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harish K Dharuri
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Idil Yet
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anjali K Henders
- The Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - H Eka D Suchiman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anika A M Vaarhorst
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,BBMRI-NL: Infrastructure for the Application of Metabolomics Technology in Epidemiology (RP4), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands. .,Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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36
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Liu J, Carnero-Montoro E, van Dongen J, Lent S, Nedeljkovic I, Ligthart S, Tsai PC, Martin TC, Mandaviya PR, Jansen R, Peters MJ, Duijts L, Jaddoe VWV, Tiemeier H, Felix JF, Willemsen G, de Geus EJC, Chu AY, Levy D, Hwang SJ, Bressler J, Gondalia R, Salfati EL, Herder C, Hidalgo BA, Tanaka T, Moore AZ, Lemaitre RN, Jhun MA, Smith JA, Sotoodehnia N, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Arnett DK, Grallert H, Assimes TL, Hou L, Baccarelli A, Whitsel EA, van Dijk KW, Amin N, Uitterlinden AG, Sijbrands EJG, Franco OH, Dehghan A, Spector TD, Dupuis J, Hivert MF, Rotter JI, Meigs JB, Pankow JS, van Meurs JBJ, Isaacs A, Boomsma DI, Bell JT, Demirkan A, van Duijn CM. An integrative cross-omics analysis of DNA methylation sites of glucose and insulin homeostasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2581. [PMID: 31197173 PMCID: PMC6565679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite existing reports on differential DNA methylation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, our understanding of its functional relevance remains limited. Here we show the effect of differential methylation in the early phases of T2D pathology by a blood-based epigenome-wide association study of 4808 non-diabetic Europeans in the discovery phase and 11,750 individuals in the replication. We identify CpGs in LETM1, RBM20, IRS2, MAN2A2 and the 1q25.3 region associated with fasting insulin, and in FCRL6, SLAMF1, APOBEC3H and the 15q26.1 region with fasting glucose. In silico cross-omics analyses highlight the role of differential methylation in the crosstalk between the adaptive immune system and glucose homeostasis. The differential methylation explains at least 16.9% of the association between obesity and insulin. Our study sheds light on the biological interactions between genetic variants driving differential methylation and gene expression in the early pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands. .,Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FL, UK.
| | - Elena Carnero-Montoro
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Government, PTS, Granada, 18007, Spain.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081BT, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha Lent
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ivana Nedeljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Symen Ligthart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 333, Taiwan
| | - Tiphaine C Martin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pooja R Mandaviya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081BT, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Janine F Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081BT, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081BT, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rahul Gondalia
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Elias L Salfati
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Bertha A Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ann Zenobia Moore
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Min A Jhun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- School of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Evanston, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K0A5, Canada.,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), and Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6211LK, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), and Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6211LK, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081BT, The Netherlands
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands. .,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands. .,Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Bioscience and Medicine, Univeristy of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands. .,Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FL, UK. .,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2311EZ, The Netherlands.
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37
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van Setten J, Verweij N, Mbarek H, Niemeijer MN, Trompet S, Arking DE, Brody JA, Gandin I, Grarup N, Hall LM, Hemerich D, Lyytikäinen LP, Mei H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Prins BP, Robino A, Smith AV, Warren HR, Asselbergs FW, Boomsma DI, Caulfield MJ, Eijgelsheim M, Ford I, Hansen T, Harris TB, Heckbert SR, Hottenga JJ, Iorio A, Kors JA, Linneberg A, MacFarlane PW, Meitinger T, Nelson CP, Raitakari OT, Silva Aldana CT, Sinagra G, Sinner M, Soliman EZ, Stoll M, Uitterlinden A, van Duijn CM, Waldenberger M, Alonso A, Gasparini P, Gudnason V, Jamshidi Y, Kääb S, Kanters JK, Lehtimäki T, Munroe PB, Peters A, Samani NJ, Sotoodehnia N, Ulivi S, Wilson JG, de Geus EJC, Jukema JW, Stricker B, van der Harst P, de Bakker PIW, Isaacs A. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 30,000 samples identifies seven novel loci for quantitative ECG traits. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:952-962. [PMID: 30679814 PMCID: PMC6777533 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of quantitative electrocardiographic (ECG) traits in large consortia have identified more than 130 loci associated with QT interval, QRS duration, PR interval, and heart rate (RR interval). In the current study, we meta-analyzed genome-wide association results from 30,000 mostly Dutch samples on four ECG traits: PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and RR interval. SNP genotype data was imputed using the Genome of the Netherlands reference panel encompassing 19 million SNPs, including millions of rare SNPs (minor allele frequency < 5%). In addition to many known loci, we identified seven novel locus-trait associations: KCND3, NR3C1, and PLN for PR interval, KCNE1, SGIP1, and NFKB1 for QT interval, and ATP2A2 for QRS duration, of which six were successfully replicated. At these seven loci, we performed conditional analyses and annotated significant SNPs (in exons and regulatory regions), demonstrating involvement of cardiac-related pathways and regulation of nearby genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica van Setten
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leanne M Hall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Daiane Hemerich
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hao Mei
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Bram P Prins
- Human Genetics Research Centre, ICCS, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik, Iceland
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Iorio
- Cardiovascular Department, "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", Trieste, Italy
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital-The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Meitinger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Claudia T Silva Aldana
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Institute of translational Medicine-IMT-Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Rosario, Colombia
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", Trieste, Italy
| | - Moritz Sinner
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Monika Stoll
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Research unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- DSM, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- IRCCS-Burlo Garofolo Children Hospital, Via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik, Iceland
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Human Genetics Research Centre, ICCS, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Annette Peters
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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38
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Brouwers MCGJ, Simons N, Stehouwer CDA, Koek GH, Schaper NC, Isaacs A. Relationship Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Susceptibility Genes and Coronary Artery Disease. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:587-596. [PMID: 30976747 PMCID: PMC6442707 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the principal cause of death in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether NAFLD is causally involved in the pathogenesis of CAD. For this, previously reported NAFLD susceptibility genes were clustered and tested for an association with CAD in the Coronary Artery Disease Genome‐Wide Replication and Meta‐Analysis plus the Coronary Artery Disease Genetics (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) Consortium data set. The role of plasma lipids as a potential mediator was explored by using data from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. Statistical analyses revealed that the combination of 12 NAFLD genes was not associated with CAD in 60,801 CAD cases and 123,504 controls (odds ratio [OR] per NAFLD risk allele, 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99‐1.00). In a subsequent sensitivity analysis, a positive relationship was observed after exclusion of gene variants that are implicated in NAFLD through impaired very low‐density lipoprotein secretion (i.e., microsomal triglyceride transfer protein [MTTP], patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 [PNPLA3], phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase [PEMT], and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 [TM6SF2]) (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.02). Clustering of the excluded genes showed a significant negative relationship with CAD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96‐0.99). A substantial proportion of the observed heterogeneity between the individual NAFLD genes in relation to CAD could be explained by plasma lipids, as reflected by a strong relationship between plasma lipids and CAD risk conferred by the NAFLD susceptibility genes (r = 0.76; P = 0.004 for low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol). Conclusion: NAFLD susceptibility genes do not cause CAD per se. The relationship between these genes and CAD appears to depend to a large extent on plasma lipids. These observations strongly suggest taking plasma lipids into account when designing a new drug to target NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Nynke Simons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Ger H Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands.,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Germany
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands.,Maastricht Center for Systems Biology Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
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39
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Franceschini N, Giambartolomei C, de Vries PS, Finan C, Bis JC, Huntley RP, Lovering RC, Tajuddin SM, Winkler TW, Graff M, Kavousi M, Dale C, Smith AV, Hofer E, van Leeuwen EM, Nolte IM, Lu L, Scholz M, Sargurupremraj M, Pitkänen N, Franzén O, Joshi PK, Noordam R, Marioni RE, Hwang SJ, Musani SK, Schminke U, Palmas W, Isaacs A, Correa A, Zonderman AB, Hofman A, Teumer A, Cox AJ, Uitterlinden AG, Wong A, Smit AJ, Newman AB, Britton A, Ruusalepp A, Sennblad B, Hedblad B, Pasaniuc B, Penninx BW, Langefeld CD, Wassel CL, Tzourio C, Fava C, Baldassarre D, O'Leary DH, Teupser D, Kuh D, Tremoli E, Mannarino E, Grossi E, Boerwinkle E, Schadt EE, Ingelsson E, Veglia F, Rivadeneira F, Beutner F, Chauhan G, Heiss G, Snieder H, Campbell H, Völzke H, Markus HS, Deary IJ, Jukema JW, de Graaf J, Price J, Pott J, Hopewell JC, Liang J, Thiery J, Engmann J, Gertow K, Rice K, Taylor KD, Dhana K, Kiemeney LALM, Lind L, Raffield LM, Launer LJ, Holdt LM, Dörr M, Dichgans M, Traylor M, Sitzer M, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, Nalls MA, Melander O, Raitakari O, Franco OH, Rueda-Ochoa OL, Roussos P, Whincup PH, Amouyel P, Giral P, Anugu P, Wong Q, Malik R, Rauramaa R, Burkhardt R, Hardy R, Schmidt R, de Mutsert R, Morris RW, Strawbridge RJ, Wannamethee SG, Hägg S, Shah S, McLachlan S, Trompet S, Seshadri S, Kurl S, Heckbert SR, Ring S, Harris TB, Lehtimäki T, Galesloot TE, Shah T, de Faire U, Plagnol V, Rosamond WD, Post W, Zhu X, Zhang X, Guo X, Saba Y, Dehghan A, Seldenrijk A, Morrison AC, Hamsten A, Psaty BM, van Duijn CM, Lawlor DA, Mook-Kanamori DO, Bowden DW, Schmidt H, Wilson JF, Wilson JG, Rotter JI, Wardlaw JM, Deanfield J, Halcox J, Lyytikäinen LP, Loeffler M, Evans MK, Debette S, Humphries SE, Völker U, Gudnason V, Hingorani AD, Björkegren JLM, Casas JP, O'Donnell CJ. GWAS and colocalization analyses implicate carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque loci in cardiovascular outcomes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5141. [PMID: 30510157 PMCID: PMC6277418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque are measures of subclinical atherosclerosis associated with ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Here, we undertake meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 71,128 individuals for cIMT, and 48,434 individuals for carotid plaque traits. We identify eight novel susceptibility loci for cIMT, one independent association at the previously-identified PINX1 locus, and one novel locus for carotid plaque. Colocalization analysis with nearby vascular expression quantitative loci (cis-eQTLs) derived from arterial wall and metabolic tissues obtained from patients with CHD identifies candidate genes at two potentially additional loci, ADAMTS9 and LOXL4. LD score regression reveals significant genetic correlations between cIMT and plaque traits, and both cIMT and plaque with CHD, any stroke subtype and ischemic stroke. Our study provides insights into genes and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms linking atherosclerosis both to its functional genomic origins and its clinical consequences in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Claudia Giambartolomei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Rachael P Huntley
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Salman M Tajuddin
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Dale
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | | | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Lingyi Lu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, , University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Oscar Franzén
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, 104 62, Sweden
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Framingham, MA, 01702-5827, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Intramural Research Program, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702-5827, USA
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229, The Netherlands
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Amanda J Cox
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 25157, USA
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andries J Smit
- Department of Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, and School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Annie Britton
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, 104 62, Sweden
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75108, Sweden
| | - Bo Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081, HL, The Netherlands
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | | | - Christophe Tzourio
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, 20138, Italy
| | - Daniel H O'Leary
- St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02135, USA
| | - Daniel Teupser
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, 20138, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Elmo Mannarino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Milan, 20147, Italy
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030-3411, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, 104 62, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, G1120, USA
| | | | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ganesh Chauhan
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525, GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Price
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Janne Pott
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, , University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Jemma C Hopewell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04109, Germany
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Karl Gertow
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 05, Sweden
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, 80539, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Matthew Traylor
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthias Sitzer
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, 60323, Germany
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, Essex University, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Oscar L Rueda-Ochoa
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Electrocardiography Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680003, Colombia
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Inserm U1167, F-59000, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, F-59000, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE & Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, U1167, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Giral
- Sorbonne Université, Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Pramod Anugu
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Quenna Wong
- Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04109, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W Morris
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
| | - S Goya Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Sonia Shah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sudhir Kurl
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, FI-70210, Finland
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Susan Ring
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Shah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, S-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, S-171 77, Sweden
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wayne D Rosamond
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Wendy Post
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Intramural Research Program, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702-5827, USA
- Section of Biomedical Genetics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Adrie Seldenrijk
- GGZ inGeest and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - James F Wilson
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - John Deanfield
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Julian Halcox
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, , University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, 104 62, Sweden.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, SE-141 57, Sweden.
| | - Juan P Casas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Intramural Administration Management Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Cardiology Section, Boston Veteran's Administration Healthcare, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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40
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Iotchkova V, Huang J, Morris JA, Jain D, Barbieri C, Walter K, Min JL, Chen L, Astle W, Cocca M, Deelen P, Elding H, Farmaki AE, Franklin CS, Franberg M, Gaunt TR, Hofman A, Jiang T, Kleber ME, Lachance G, Luan J, Malerba G, Matchan A, Mead D, Memari Y, Ntalla I, Panoutsopoulou K, Pazoki R, Perry JRB, Rivadeneira F, Sabater-Lleal M, Sennblad B, Shin SY, Southam L, Traglia M, van Dijk F, van Leeuwen EM, Zaza G, Zhang W, Amin N, Butterworth A, Chambers JC, Dedoussis G, Dehghan A, Franco OH, Franke L, Frontini M, Gambaro G, Gasparini P, Hamsten A, Isaacs A, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Langenberg C, Marz W, Scott RA, Swertz MA, Toniolo D, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, Watkins H, Zeggini E, Maurano MT, Timpson NJ, Reiner AP, Auer PL, Soranzo N. Author Correction: Discovery and refinement of genetic loci associated with cardiometabolic risk using dense imputation maps. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1752. [PMID: 30390057 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the version of the article published, the surname of author Aaron Isaacs is misspelled as Issacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Iotchkova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jie Huang
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John A Morris
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caterina Barbieri
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Klaudia Walter
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lu Chen
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Astle
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Massimilian Cocca
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Patrick Deelen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heather Elding
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Mattias Franberg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Genevieve Lachance
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Matchan
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel Mead
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Yasin Memari
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John R B Perry
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - So-Youn Shin
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Michela Traglia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Freerk van Dijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Butterworth
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Institute of Internal Medicine, Renal Program, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Experimental Genetics Division, Sidra, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Winfried Marz
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Morris A Swertz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands.,LifeLines Cohort Study, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mathew T Maurano
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Paul L Auer
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. .,Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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41
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van Setten J, Brody JA, Jamshidi Y, Swenson BR, Butler AM, Campbell H, Del Greco FM, Evans DS, Gibson Q, Gudbjartsson DF, Kerr KF, Krijthe BP, Lyytikäinen LP, Müller C, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nolte IM, Padmanabhan S, Ritchie MD, Robino A, Smith AV, Steri M, Tanaka T, Teumer A, Trompet S, Ulivi S, Verweij N, Yin X, Arnar DO, Asselbergs FW, Bader JS, Barnard J, Bis J, Blankenberg S, Boerwinkle E, Bradford Y, Buckley BM, Chung MK, Crawford D, den Hoed M, Denny JC, Dominiczak AF, Ehret GB, Eijgelsheim M, Ellinor PT, Felix SB, Franco OH, Franke L, Harris TB, Holm H, Ilaria G, Iorio A, Kähönen M, Kolcic I, Kors JA, Lakatta EG, Launer LJ, Lin H, Lin HJ, Loos RJF, Lubitz SA, Macfarlane PW, Magnani JW, Leach IM, Meitinger T, Mitchell BD, Munzel T, Papanicolaou GJ, Peters A, Pfeufer A, Pramstaller PP, Raitakari OT, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Samani NJ, Schlessinger D, Silva Aldana CT, Sinner MF, Smith JD, Snieder H, Soliman EZ, Spector TD, Stott DJ, Strauch K, Tarasov KV, Thorsteinsdottir U, Uitterlinden AG, Van Wagoner DR, Völker U, Völzke H, Waldenberger M, Jan Westra H, Wild PS, Zeller T, Alonso A, Avery CL, Bandinelli S, Benjamin EJ, Cucca F, Dörr M, Ferrucci L, Gasparini P, Gudnason V, Hayward C, Heckbert SR, Hicks AA, Jukema JW, Kääb S, Lehtimäki T, Liu Y, Munroe PB, Parsa A, Polasek O, Psaty BM, Roden DM, Schnabel RB, Sinagra G, Stefansson K, Stricker BH, van der Harst P, van Duijn CM, Wilson JF, Gharib SA, de Bakker PIW, Isaacs A, Arking DE, Sotoodehnia N. PR interval genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 50 loci associated with atrial and atrioventricular electrical activity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2904. [PMID: 30046033 PMCID: PMC6060178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocardiographic PR interval measures atrio-ventricular depolarization and conduction, and abnormal PR interval is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and heart block. Our genome-wide association study of over 92,000 European-descent individuals identifies 44 PR interval loci (34 novel). Examination of these loci reveals known and previously not-yet-reported biological processes involved in cardiac atrial electrical activity. Genes in these loci are over-represented in cardiac disease processes including heart block and atrial fibrillation. Variants in over half of the 44 loci were associated with atrial or blood transcript expression levels, or were in high linkage disequilibrium with missense variants. Six additional loci were identified either by meta-analysis of ~105,000 African and European-descent individuals and/or by pleiotropic analyses combining PR interval with heart rate, QRS interval, and atrial fibrillation. These findings implicate developmental pathways, and identify transcription factors, ion-channel genes, and cell-junction/cell-signaling proteins in atrio-ventricular conduction, identifying potential targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands.
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Cardiogenetics Lab, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Brenton R Swenson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
| | - Anne M Butler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Fabiola M Del Greco
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, 94107, CA, USA
| | - Quince Gibson
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, IS-101, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Kathleen F Kerr
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
| | - Bouwe P Krijthe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, PA, USA
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, 00185, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA, Baltimore, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 7913GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, IS-101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA
| | - John Barnard
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, OH, USA
| | - Josh Bis
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, PA, USA
| | - Brendan M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Mina K Chung
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, OH, USA
| | - Dana Crawford
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, OH, USA
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 05, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 05, Sweden
| | - Josh C Denny
- Biomedical Informatics and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37235, TN, USA
| | - Anna F Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Georg B Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 7913GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 7913GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, IS-101, Iceland
| | - Gandin Ilaria
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Annamaria Iorio
- Cardiovascular Department, "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", Trieste, 34124, Italy
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, 21000, Croatia
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, CA, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Peter W Macfarlane
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jared W Magnani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 7913GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Munzel
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - George J Papanicolaou
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Arne Pfeufer
- MVZ für Molekulardiagnostik, Munich, 81543, Germany
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, CA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE3 9QD, UK
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Claudia T Silva Aldana
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
- Institute of Translational Medicine-IMT, Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Cl. 12c #6-25, Colombia
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, OH, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, OH, USA
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27101, NC, USA
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - David J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Kirill V Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, IS-101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - David R Van Wagoner
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, OH, USA
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Harm Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 7913GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp S Wild
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | | | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, 00185, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA, Baltimore, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, 3511EP, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, 27101, NC, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Barts Health NHS Trust and Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, 21000, Croatia
- Psychiatric hospital "Sveti Ivan", Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
- Gen-info Ltd., Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
| | - Dan M Roden
- Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37235, TN, USA
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site, Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", Trieste, 34124, Italy
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, IS-101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
- Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, 2511VX, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 7913GZ, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, 7913GZ, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, 3511EP, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Computational Medicine Core at Center for Lung Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
- Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA.
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Prins BP, Mead TJ, Brody JA, Sveinbjornsson G, Ntalla I, Bihlmeyer NA, van den Berg M, Bork-Jensen J, Cappellani S, Van Duijvenboden S, Klena NT, Gabriel GC, Liu X, Gulec C, Grarup N, Haessler J, Hall LM, Iorio A, Isaacs A, Li-Gao R, Lin H, Liu CT, Lyytikäinen LP, Marten J, Mei H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Orini M, Padmanabhan S, Radmanesh F, Ramirez J, Robino A, Schwartz M, van Setten J, Smith AV, Verweij N, Warren HR, Weiss S, Alonso A, Arnar DO, Bots ML, de Boer RA, Dominiczak AF, Eijgelsheim M, Ellinor PT, Guo X, Felix SB, Harris TB, Hayward C, Heckbert SR, Huang PL, Jukema JW, Kähönen M, Kors JA, Lambiase PD, Launer LJ, Li M, Linneberg A, Nelson CP, Pedersen O, Perez M, Peters A, Polasek O, Psaty BM, Raitakari OT, Rice KM, Rotter JI, Sinner MF, Soliman EZ, Spector TD, Strauch K, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tinker A, Trompet S, Uitterlinden A, Vaartjes I, van der Meer P, Völker U, Völzke H, Waldenberger M, Wilson JG, Xie Z, Asselbergs FW, Dörr M, van Duijn CM, Gasparini P, Gudbjartsson DF, Gudnason V, Hansen T, Kääb S, Kanters JK, Kooperberg C, Lehtimäki T, Lin HJ, Lubitz SA, Mook-Kanamori DO, Conti FJ, Newton-Cheh CH, Rosand J, Rudan I, Samani NJ, Sinagra G, Smith BH, Holm H, Stricker BH, Ulivi S, Sotoodehnia N, Apte SS, van der Harst P, Stefansson K, Munroe PB, Arking DE, Lo CW, Jamshidi Y. Exome-chip meta-analysis identifies novel loci associated with cardiac conduction, including ADAMTS6. Genome Biol 2018; 19:87. [PMID: 30012220 PMCID: PMC6048820 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies conducted on QRS duration, an electrocardiographic measurement associated with heart failure and sudden cardiac death, have led to novel biological insights into cardiac function. However, the variants identified fall predominantly in non-coding regions and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS Here, we identify putative functional coding variation associated with changes in the QRS interval duration by combining Illumina HumanExome BeadChip genotype data from 77,898 participants of European ancestry and 7695 of African descent in our discovery cohort, followed by replication in 111,874 individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank and deCODE cohorts. We identify ten novel loci, seven within coding regions, including ADAMTS6, significantly associated with QRS duration in gene-based analyses. ADAMTS6 encodes a secreted metalloprotease of currently unknown function. In vitro validation analysis shows that the QRS-associated variants lead to impaired ADAMTS6 secretion and loss-of function analysis in mice demonstrates a previously unappreciated role for ADAMTS6 in connexin 43 gap junction expression, which is essential for myocardial conduction. CONCLUSIONS Our approach identifies novel coding and non-coding variants underlying ventricular depolarization and provides a possible mechanism for the ADAMTS6-associated conduction changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram P Prins
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts' Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | | | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nathan A Bihlmeyer
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marten van den Berg
- Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000, CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefania Cappellani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Van Duijvenboden
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nikolai T Klena
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - George C Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Cagri Gulec
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Leanne M Hall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Annamaria Iorio
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 60, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jonathan Marten
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Michele Orini
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF GCRC, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Farid Radmanesh
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Julia Ramirez
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Molly Schwartz
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Niek Verweij
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114.0, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); Partner site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna F Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); Partner site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Man Li
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, USA
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200.0, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Perez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Kenneth M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Andrew Tinker
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Human Genotyping Facility Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); Partner site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); Partner site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Zhijun Xie
- TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); Partner site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100, Trieste, Italy
- Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henry J Lin
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco J Conti
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Christopher H Newton-Cheh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.
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Isaacs A, Burns N, Macdonald S, O'Donnell C. 7.2-O2Keeping healthy and accessing primary and preventive health services in Glasgow: the experiences of refugees and asylum seekers from Sub Saharan Africa. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky047.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Isaacs
- University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - N Burns
- University of Lancaster, United Kingdom
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44
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Lin H, van Setten J, Smith AV, Bihlmeyer NA, Warren HR, Brody JA, Radmanesh F, Hall L, Grarup N, Müller-Nurasyid M, Boutin T, Verweij N, Lin HJ, Li-Gao R, van den Berg ME, Marten J, Weiss S, Prins BP, Haessler J, Lyytikäinen LP, Mei H, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Li M, Alonso A, Soliman EZ, Connell JM, Huang PL, Weng LC, Jameson HS, Hucker W, Hanley A, Tucker NR, Chen YDI, Bis JC, Rice KM, Sitlani CM, Kors JA, Xie Z, Wen C, Magnani JW, Nelson CP, Kanters JK, Sinner MF, Strauch K, Peters A, Waldenberger M, Meitinger T, Bork-Jensen J, Pedersen O, Linneberg A, Rudan I, de Boer RA, van der Meer P, Yao J, Guo X, Taylor KD, Sotoodehnia N, Rotter JI, Mook-Kanamori DO, Trompet S, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden A, Eijgelsheim M, Padmanabhan S, Smith BH, Völzke H, Felix SB, Homuth G, Völker U, Mangino M, Spector TD, Bots ML, Perez M, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Gudnason V, Arking DE, Munroe PB, Psaty BM, van Duijn CM, Benjamin EJ, Rosand J, Samani NJ, Hansen T, Kääb S, Polasek O, van der Harst P, Heckbert SR, Jukema JW, Stricker BH, Hayward C, Dörr M, Jamshidi Y, Asselbergs FW, Kooperberg C, Lehtimäki T, Wilson JG, Ellinor PT, Lubitz SA, Isaacs A. Common and Rare Coding Genetic Variation Underlying the Electrocardiographic PR Interval. Circ Genom Precis Med 2018; 11:e002037. [PMID: 29748316 PMCID: PMC5951629 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.002037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical conduction from the cardiac sinoatrial node to the ventricles is critical for normal heart function. Genome-wide association studies have identified more than a dozen common genetic loci that are associated with PR interval. However, it is unclear whether rare and low-frequency variants also contribute to PR interval heritability. METHODS We performed large-scale meta-analyses of the PR interval that included 83 367 participants of European ancestry and 9436 of African ancestry. We examined both common and rare variants associated with the PR interval. RESULTS We identified 31 genetic loci that were significantly associated with PR interval after Bonferroni correction (P<1.2×10-6), including 11 novel loci that have not been reported previously. Many of these loci are involved in heart morphogenesis. In gene-based analysis, we found that multiple rare variants at MYH6 (P=5.9×10-11) and SCN5A (P=1.1×10-7) were associated with PR interval. SCN5A locus also was implicated in the common variant analysis, whereas MYH6 was a novel locus. CONCLUSIONS We identified common variants at 11 novel loci and rare variants within 2 gene regions that were significantly associated with PR interval. Our findings provide novel insights to the current understanding of atrioventricular conduction, which is critical for cardiac activity and an important determinant of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.).
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Albert V Smith
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Nathan A Bihlmeyer
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Helen R Warren
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Farid Radmanesh
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Leanne Hall
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Niels Grarup
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Niek Verweij
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Henry J Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Marten E van den Berg
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Jonathan Marten
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Bram P Prins
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Hao Mei
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Man Li
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - John M Connell
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Paul L Huang
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Lu-Chen Weng
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Heather S Jameson
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - William Hucker
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Alan Hanley
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Nathan R Tucker
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Kenneth M Rice
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Jan A Kors
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Zhijun Xie
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Chengping Wen
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Jared W Magnani
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Annette Peters
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Igor Rudan
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Jie Yao
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Stella Trompet
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Blair H Smith
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Henry Völzke
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Georg Homuth
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Uwe Völker
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Marco Perez
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Dan E Arking
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Torben Hansen
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - James G Wilson
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.).
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.)
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Burns N, Isaacs A, Macdonald S, O’Donnell K. 1.4-O7Interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type II diabetes in migrants and other under-served populations: a qualitative systematic review and narrative synthesis. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky047.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Burns
- General Practice & Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Isaacs
- General Practice & Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Macdonald
- General Practice & Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - K O’Donnell
- General Practice & Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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46
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Seyerle AA, Sitlani CM, Noordam R, Gogarten SM, Li J, Li X, Evans DS, Sun F, Laaksonen MA, Isaacs A, Kristiansson K, Highland HM, Stewart JD, Harris TB, Trompet S, Bis JC, Peloso GM, Brody JA, Broer L, Busch EL, Duan Q, Stilp AM, O'Donnell CJ, Macfarlane PW, Floyd JS, Kors JA, Lin HJ, Li-Gao R, Sofer T, Méndez-Giráldez R, Cummings SR, Heckbert SR, Hofman A, Ford I, Li Y, Launer LJ, Porthan K, Newton-Cheh C, Napier MD, Kerr KF, Reiner AP, Rice KM, Roach J, Buckley BM, Soliman EZ, de Mutsert R, Sotoodehnia N, Uitterlinden AG, North KE, Lee CR, Gudnason V, Stürmer T, Rosendaal FR, Taylor KD, Wiggins KL, Wilson JG, Chen YD, Kaplan RC, Wilhelmsen K, Cupples LA, Salomaa V, van Duijn C, Jukema JW, Liu Y, Mook-Kanamori DO, Lange LA, Vasan RS, Smith AV, Stricker BH, Laurie CC, Rotter JI, Whitsel EA, Psaty BM, Avery CL. Pharmacogenomics study of thiazide diuretics and QT interval in multi-ethnic populations: the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology. Pharmacogenomics J 2018; 18:215-226. [PMID: 28719597 PMCID: PMC5773415 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thiazide diuretics, commonly used antihypertensives, may cause QT interval (QT) prolongation, a risk factor for highly fatal and difficult to predict ventricular arrhythmias. We examined whether common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modified the association between thiazide use and QT or its component parts (QRS interval, JT interval) by performing ancestry-specific, trans-ethnic and cross-phenotype genome-wide analyses of European (66%), African American (15%) and Hispanic (19%) populations (N=78 199), leveraging longitudinal data, incorporating corrected standard errors to account for underestimation of interaction estimate variances and evaluating evidence for pathway enrichment. Although no loci achieved genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10-8), we found suggestive evidence (P<5 × 10-6) for SNPs modifying the thiazide-QT association at 22 loci, including ion transport loci (for example, NELL1, KCNQ3). The biologic plausibility of our suggestive results and simulations demonstrating modest power to detect interaction effects at genome-wide significant levels indicate that larger studies and innovative statistical methods are warranted in future efforts evaluating thiazide-SNP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Seyerle
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C M Sitlani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Noordam
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S M Gogarten
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - X Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - D S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - F Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M A Laaksonen
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Kristiansson
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J C Bis
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J A Brody
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E L Busch
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Q Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A M Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C J O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Cardiology Section, Boston Veterans Administration Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P W Macfarlane
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J S Floyd
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J Lin
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - R Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Sofer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Méndez-Giráldez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Y Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Porthan
- Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Newton-Cheh
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M D Napier
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K F Kerr
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Roach
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Z Soliman
- Epidemiology Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - R de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N Sotoodehnia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C R Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Stürmer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - F R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - K L Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Y-Di Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - R C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - K Wilhelmsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Renaissance Computing Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L A Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - V Salomaa
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - D O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of BESC, Epidemiology Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - L A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R S Vasan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - B H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - E A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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47
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Silva CT, Zorkoltseva IV, Niemeijer MN, van den Berg ME, Amin N, Demirkan A, van Leeuwen E, Iglesias AI, Piñeros-Hernández LB, Restrepo CM, Kors JA, Kirichenko AV, Willemsen R, Oostra BA, Stricker BH, Uitterlinden AG, Axenovich TI, van Duijn CM, Isaacs A. A combined linkage, microarray and exome analysis suggests MAP3K11 as a candidate gene for left ventricular hypertrophy. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:22. [PMID: 29506515 PMCID: PMC5838853 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrocardiographic measures of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are used as predictors of cardiovascular risk. We combined linkage and association analyses to discover novel rare genetic variants involved in three such measures and two principal components derived from them. METHODS The study was conducted among participants from the Erasmus Rucphen Family Study (ERF), a Dutch family-based sample from the southwestern Netherlands. Variance components linkage analyses were performed using Merlin. Regions of interest (LOD > 1.9) were fine-mapped using microarray and exome sequence data. RESULTS We observed one significant LOD score for the second principal component on chromosome 15 (LOD score = 3.01) and 12 suggestive LOD scores. Several loci contained variants identified in GWAS for these traits; however, these did not explain the linkage peaks, nor did other common variants. Exome sequence data identified two associated variants after multiple testing corrections were applied. CONCLUSIONS We did not find common SNPs explaining these linkage signals. Exome sequencing uncovered a relatively rare variant in MAPK3K11 on chromosome 11 (MAF = 0.01) that helped account for the suggestive linkage peak observed for the first principal component. Conditional analysis revealed a drop in LOD from 2.01 to 0.88 for MAP3K11, suggesting that this variant may partially explain the linkage signal at this chromosomal location. MAP3K11 is related to the JNK pathway and is a pro-apoptotic kinase that plays an important role in the induction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in various pathologies, including LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tamar Silva
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), GENIUROS Research group, School of Medicine and Health Science, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Maartje N. Niemeijer
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marten E. van den Berg
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa van Leeuwen
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana I. Iglesias
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura B. Piñeros-Hernández
- Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), GENIUROS Research group, School of Medicine and Health Science, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos M. Restrepo
- Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), GENIUROS Research group, School of Medicine and Health Science, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jan A. Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno H. Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Inspectorate of Health care, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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48
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Christophersen IE, Magnani JW, Yin X, Barnard J, Weng LC, Arking DE, Niemeijer MN, Lubitz SA, Avery CL, Duan Q, Felix SB, Bis JC, Kerr KF, Isaacs A, Müller-Nurasyid M, Müller C, North KE, Reiner AP, Tinker LF, Kors JA, Teumer A, Petersmann A, Sinner MF, Buzkova P, Smith JD, Van Wagoner DR, Völker U, Waldenberger M, Peters A, Meitinger T, Limacher MC, Wilhelmsen KC, Psaty BM, Hofman A, Uitterlinden A, Krijthe BP, Zhang ZM, Schnabel RB, Kääb S, van Duijn C, Rotter JI, Sotoodehnia N, Dörr M, Li Y, Chung MK, Soliman EZ, Alonso A, Whitsel EA, Stricker BH, Benjamin EJ, Heckbert SR, Ellinor PT. Fifteen Genetic Loci Associated With the Electrocardiographic P Wave. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001667. [PMID: 28794112 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P wave on an ECG is a measure of atrial electric function, and its characteristics may serve as predictors for atrial arrhythmias. Increased mean P-wave duration and P-wave terminal force traditionally have been used as markers for left atrial enlargement, and both have been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Here, we explore the genetic basis of P-wave morphology through meta-analysis of genome-wide association study results for P-wave duration and P-wave terminal force from 12 cohort studies. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 44 456 individuals, of which 6778 (16%) were of African ancestry. Genotyping, imputation, and genome-wide association study were performed at each study site. Summary-level results were meta-analyzed centrally using inverse-variance weighting. In meta-analyses of P-wave duration, we identified 6 significant (P<5×10-8) novel loci and replicated a prior association with SCN10A. We identified 3 loci at SCN5A, TBX5, and CAV1/CAV2 that were jointly associated with the PR interval, PR segment, and P-wave duration. We identified 6 novel loci in meta-analysis of P-wave terminal force. Four of the identified genetic loci were significantly associated with gene expression in 329 left atrial samples. Finally, we observed that some of the loci associated with the P wave were linked to overall atrial conduction, whereas others identified distinct phases of atrial conduction. CONCLUSIONS We have identified 6 novel genetic loci associated with P-wave duration and 6 novel loci associated with P-wave terminal force. Future studies of these loci may aid in identifying new targets for drugs that may modify atrial conduction or treat atrial arrhythmias.
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49
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Bihlmeyer NA, Brody JA, Smith AV, Warren HR, Lin H, Isaacs A, Liu CT, Marten J, Radmanesh F, Hall LM, Grarup N, Mei H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Huffman JE, Verweij N, Guo X, Yao J, Li-Gao R, van den Berg M, Weiss S, Prins BP, van Setten J, Haessler J, Lyytikäinen LP, Li M, Alonso A, Soliman EZ, Bis JC, Austin T, Chen YDI, Psaty BM, Harrris TB, Launer LJ, Padmanabhan S, Dominiczak A, Huang PL, Xie Z, Ellinor PT, Kors JA, Campbell A, Murray AD, Nelson CP, Tobin MD, Bork-Jensen J, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Linneberg A, Sinner MF, Peters A, Waldenberger M, Meitinger T, Perz S, Kolcic I, Rudan I, de Boer RA, van der Meer P, Lin HJ, Taylor KD, de Mutsert R, Trompet S, Jukema JW, Maan AC, Stricker BHC, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden A, Völker U, Homuth G, Völzke H, Felix SB, Mangino M, Spector TD, Bots ML, Perez M, Raitakari OT, Kähönen M, Mononen N, Gudnason V, Munroe PB, Lubitz SA, van Duijn CM, Newton-Cheh CH, Hayward C, Rosand J, Samani NJ, Kanters JK, Wilson JG, Kääb S, Polasek O, van der Harst P, Heckbert SR, Rotter JI, Mook-Kanamori DO, Eijgelsheim M, Dörr M, Jamshidi Y, Asselbergs FW, Kooperberg C, Lehtimäki T, Arking DE, Sotoodehnia N. ExomeChip-Wide Analysis of 95 626 Individuals Identifies 10 Novel Loci Associated With QT and JT Intervals. Circ Genom Precis Med 2018; 11:e001758. [PMID: 29874175 PMCID: PMC5992491 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND QT interval, measured through a standard ECG, captures the time it takes for the cardiac ventricles to depolarize and repolarize. JT interval is the component of the QT interval that reflects ventricular repolarization alone. Prolonged QT interval has been linked to higher risk of sudden cardiac arrest. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed an ExomeChip-wide analysis for both QT and JT intervals, including 209 449 variants, both common and rare, in 17 341 genes from the Illumina Infinium HumanExome BeadChip. We identified 10 loci that modulate QT and JT interval duration that have not been previously reported in the literature using single-variant statistical models in a meta-analysis of 95 626 individuals from 23 cohorts (comprised 83 884 European ancestry individuals, 9610 blacks, 1382 Hispanics, and 750 Asians). This brings the total number of ventricular repolarization associated loci to 45. In addition, our approach of using coding variants has highlighted the role of 17 specific genes for involvement in ventricular repolarization, 7 of which are in novel loci. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses show a role for myocyte internal structure and interconnections in modulating QT interval duration, adding to previous known roles of potassium, sodium, and calcium ion regulation, as well as autonomic control. We anticipate that these discoveries will open new paths to the goal of making novel remedies for the prevention of lethal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Bihlmeyer
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Helen R Warren
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Honghuang Lin
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jonathan Marten
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Farid Radmanesh
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Leanne M Hall
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Niels Grarup
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Hao Mei
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Niek Verweij
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jie Yao
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Marten van den Berg
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Stefan Weiss
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Bram P Prins
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jessica van Setten
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Man Li
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Joshua C Bis
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Tom Austin
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Tamara B Harrris
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Lenore J Launer
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Anna Dominiczak
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Paul L Huang
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Zhijun Xie
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jan A Kors
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Archie Campbell
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Alison D Murray
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Martin D Tobin
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Torben Hansen
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Allan Linneberg
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Annette Peters
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Siegfried Perz
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Igor Rudan
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Peter van der Meer
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Henry J Lin
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Kent D Taylor
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Stella Trompet
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Arie C Maan
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Bruno H C Stricker
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - André Uitterlinden
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Uwe Völker
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Georg Homuth
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Henry Völzke
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Stephan B Felix
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Massimo Mangino
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Timothy D Spector
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Michiel L Bots
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Marco Perez
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Mika Kähönen
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Nina Mononen
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Christopher H Newton-Cheh
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Caroline Hayward
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - James G Wilson
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Stefan Kääb
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Ozren Polasek
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Pim van der Harst
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Marcus Dörr
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Dan E Arking
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- From the Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B., D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., T.A., N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik (A.V.S., V.G.); Clinical Pharmacology Department, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L., Z.X.); School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.); Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (A.I., C.M.v.D.) and Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (C.-T.L.); Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (J.M., C.H.), Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A.C.), and Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (F.R., P.T.E., S.A.L., J.R.); Center for Human Genetic Research (F.R., J.R.), Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., P.T.E., S.A.L.), and Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.H.N.-C.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.M.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.) and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences (M.D.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (L.M.H., C.P.N.) and NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit (M.D.T.), Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., T.H., O.P.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W., S.P.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (J.E.H.); Department of Cardiology (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (X.G., J.Y., Y.-D.I.C.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M.) and University of Split School of Medicine (I.K., O.P.), University of Split, Croatia; Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J., A.C.M.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Informatics (M.v.d.B.), Epidemiology (B.H.C.S.), and Epidemiology (M.E.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.W., U.V., G.H.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (S.W., U.V., H.V., S.B.F., M.D.); Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.); Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, (J.v.S., F.W.A.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (M.L.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (L.-P.L., N.M., T.L.); Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finland (M.K.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.); Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.); Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (E.Z.S.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.D.); Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (A.D.M.); Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.); Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark (A.L.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.P.); Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.J.); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of Netherlands, Utrecht (J.W.J.); Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (B.H.C.S.); Human Genomics Facility (F.R.) and Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.); Stanford School of Medicine, CA (M.P.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge (C.H.N.-C.); NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
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van den Berg ME, Warren HR, Cabrera CP, Verweij N, Mifsud B, Haessler J, Bihlmeyer NA, Fu YP, Weiss S, Lin HJ, Grarup N, Li-Gao R, Pistis G, Shah N, Brody JA, Müller-Nurasyid M, Lin H, Mei H, Smith AV, Lyytikäinen LP, Hall LM, van Setten J, Trompet S, Prins BP, Isaacs A, Radmanesh F, Marten J, Entwistle A, Kors JA, Silva CT, Alonso A, Bis JC, de Boer R, de Haan HG, de Mutsert R, Dedoussis G, Dominiczak AF, Doney ASF, Ellinor PT, Eppinga RN, Felix SB, Guo X, Hagemeijer Y, Hansen T, Harris TB, Heckbert SR, Huang PL, Hwang SJ, Kähönen M, Kanters JK, Kolcic I, Launer LJ, Li M, Yao J, Linneberg A, Liu S, Macfarlane PW, Mangino M, Morris AD, Mulas A, Murray AD, Nelson CP, Orrú M, Padmanabhan S, Peters A, Porteous DJ, Poulter N, Psaty BM, Qi L, Raitakari OT, Rivadeneira F, Roselli C, Rudan I, Sattar N, Sever P, Sinner MF, Soliman EZ, Spector TD, Stanton AV, Stirrups KE, Taylor KD, Tobin MD, Uitterlinden A, Vaartjes I, Hoes AW, van der Meer P, Völker U, Waldenberger M, Xie Z, Zoledziewska M, Tinker A, Polasek O, Rosand J, Jamshidi Y, van Duijn CM, Zeggini E, Jukema JW, Asselbergs FW, Samani NJ, Lehtimäki T, Gudnason V, Wilson J, Lubitz SA, Kääb S, Sotoodehnia N, Caulfield MJ, Palmer CNA, Sanna S, Mook-Kanamori DO, Deloukas P, Pedersen O, Rotter JI, Dörr M, O'Donnell CJ, Hayward C, Arking DE, Kooperberg C, van der Harst P, Eijgelsheim M, Stricker BH, Munroe PB. Discovery of novel heart rate-associated loci using the Exome Chip. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2346-2363. [PMID: 28379579 PMCID: PMC5458336 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting heart rate is a heritable trait, and an increase in heart rate is associated with increased mortality risk. Genome-wide association study analyses have found loci associated with resting heart rate, at the time of our study these loci explained 0.9% of the variation. This study aims to discover new genetic loci associated with heart rate from Exome Chip meta-analyses.Heart rate was measured from either elecrtrocardiograms or pulse recordings. We meta-analysed heart rate association results from 104 452 European-ancestry individuals from 30 cohorts, genotyped using the Exome Chip. Twenty-four variants were selected for follow-up in an independent dataset (UK Biobank, N = 134 251). Conditional and gene-based testing was undertaken, and variants were investigated with bioinformatics methods.We discovered five novel heart rate loci, and one new independent low-frequency non-synonymous variant in an established heart rate locus (KIAA1755). Lead variants in four of the novel loci are non-synonymous variants in the genes C10orf71, DALDR3, TESK2 and SEC31B. The variant at SEC31B is significantly associated with SEC31B expression in heart and tibial nerve tissue. Further candidate genes were detected from long-range regulatory chromatin interactions in heart tissue (SCD, SLF2 and MAPK8). We observed significant enrichment in DNase I hypersensitive sites in fetal heart and lung. Moreover, enrichment was seen for the first time in human neuronal progenitor cells (derived from embryonic stem cells) and fetal muscle samples by including our novel variants.Our findings advance the knowledge of the genetic architecture of heart rate, and indicate new candidate genes for follow-up functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten E van den Berg
- Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helen R Warren
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claudia P Cabrera
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Niek Verweij
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, the Netherlands
| | - Borbala Mifsud
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nathan A Bihlmeyer
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21205
| | - Yi-Ping Fu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald, 17475, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); partner site Greifswald; Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Henry J Lin
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy.,Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nabi Shah
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Arvo, D339, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Leanne M Hall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden university Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram P Prins
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom, CB10 1SA.,Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Dept. of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 60, 6229 ER Maastricht, NL
| | - Farid Radmanesh
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4?2XU, UK
| | - Aiman Entwistle
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia T Silva
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Dept. of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, NL.,Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,GENIUROS Group, Genetics and Genomics Research Center CIGGUR, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Rudolf de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, the Netherlands
| | - Hugoline G de Haan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Anna F Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex S F Doney
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, DD1?9SY, UK
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ruben N Eppinga
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald, 17475, Germany & DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); partner site Greifswald; Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Yanick Hagemeijer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, the Netherlands
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Finn-Medi 1, 3th floor, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Man Li
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simin Liu
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8?9AG, UK
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alison D Murray
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Lilian Sutton Building, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25?2ZD, UK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Marco Orrú
- Unita Operativa Complessa di Cardiologia, Presidio Ospedaliero Oncologico Armando Businco Cagliari , Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu Cagliari, Caglliari, Italy
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF GCRC, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Annette Peters
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4?2XU, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2?1PG, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Health Services, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lihong Qi
- University of California Davis, One Shields Ave Ms1c 145, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Human Genomics Facility Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Roselli
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8?9AG, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF GCRC, Glasgow G12?8TA, UK
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W2?1PG, UK
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice V Stanton
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kathleen E Stirrups
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1?7RH, UK
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Human Genotyping Facility Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arno W Hoes
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter van der Meer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, the Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald, 17475, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); partner site Greifswald; Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhijun Xie
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Andrew Tinker
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17?0RE, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Dept. of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, NL
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom, CB10?1SA
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Arvo, D338, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - James Wilson
- Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Kääb
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, DD1?9SY, UK
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald, 17475, Germany & DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); partner site Greifswald; Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | | | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4?2XU, UK
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21205 and
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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