1
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Higgins H, Andrews N, Stowe J, Amirthalingam G, Ramsay M, Bahra G, Hackett A, Breen KA, Desborough M, Khan D, Leary H, Sweeney C, Hutchinson E, Shapiro SE, Lees C, Dhanapal J, MacCallum PK, Burke S, McDonald V, Entwistle NMA, Booth S, Atchison CJ, Hunt BJ. Risk of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after COVID‐19 vaccination prior to the recognition of vaccine‐induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis: A self‐controlled case series study in England. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12698. [PMID: 35475292 PMCID: PMC9020167 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Higgins
- Health Protection Division UK Health Security Agency London UK
| | - Nick Andrews
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division UK Health Security Agency London UK
| | - Julia Stowe
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division UK Health Security Agency London UK
| | - Gayatri Amirthalingam
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division UK Health Security Agency London UK
| | - Mary Ramsay
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division UK Health Security Agency London UK
| | - Gurpreet Bahra
- Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis St Thomas' Hospital Guy’s and Saint Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Anthony Hackett
- Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis St Thomas' Hospital Guy’s and Saint Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Karen A. Breen
- Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis St Thomas' Hospital Guy’s and Saint Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Michael Desborough
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Dalia Khan
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Heather Leary
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Connor Sweeney
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Elizabeth Hutchinson
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Susan E. Shapiro
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Charlotte Lees
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Jay Dhanapal
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
| | - Peter K. MacCallum
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health Queen Mary University of London London UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Booth
- Department of Haematology Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Christina J. Atchison
- Patient Experience Research Centre School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK
| | - Beverley J. Hunt
- Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis St Thomas' Hospital Guy’s and Saint Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London UK
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2
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Hackett A, Stuart J, Robinson DL. Thoracic aortic syndromes in the emergency department: recognition and management. Emerg Med Pract 2021; 23:1-28. [PMID: 34787992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute aortic syndromes include aortic dissection, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, and intramural hematomas, but aortic dissection is the most common and the deadliest. This review summarizes the latest evidence on developing a differential for aortic dissection when common complaints, such as chest pain, abdominal pain, and syncope are also present. Recent evidence on the optimal uses of emergency department imaging studies and risk stratification tools are reviewed, along with special considerations in the management of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer and intramural hematoma. Pharmacologic therapies for managing hemodynamic parameters and shock, and indications for operative intervention are also reviewed, along with cutting-edge diagnostic and treatment options on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Hackett
- Attending Physician, CHI St. Joseph Regional Hospital
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Clinical Clerkship Director, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan-College Station, TX
| | - Jonathan Stuart
- Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
- Critical Care Fellow, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Douglas L Robinson
- Medical Director, 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment, Fort Benning, GA
- Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA
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3
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Liu S, Hackett A. Renal Infarct After Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Consider in Back Pain Differential. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2020; 4:94-95. [PMID: 32064439 PMCID: PMC7012544 DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2019.10.43623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia become more widespread, the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) has also increased. Traditionally those with multiple comorbidities – also those with greatest AAA mortality – were considered too high risk for operative repair. In recent decades, however, endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm
repair (EVAR) has become a popular option, especially for high-risk patients. Overall, short-term outcomes are comparable to traditional open repair despite higher patient baseline risk. However, EVAR comes with its own risks, which the emergency physician should be aware of. Here, we present a rare complication of EVAR: device thrombosis with subsequent renal infarct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Liu
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Hood, Texas
| | - Anthony Hackett
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Hood, Texas
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4
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Schwartz B, Hackett A, Case J, Parker B. 150 American College of Emergency Physician Clinical Policy Guidelines: Close Friends or Aloof Strangers? Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Tagawa S, Osborne J, Hackett A, Niaz M, Cooley V, Christos P, Vlachostergios P, Thomas C, Gracey L, Beltran H, Molina A, Nanus D, Babich J, Vallabhajosula S, Sartor O, Ballman K, Bander N. Preliminary results of a phase I/II dose-escalation study of fractionated dose 177Lu-PSMA-617 for progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz248.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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6
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Canine C, Medeck S, Hackett A. Delayed Diagnosis of Spinal Tuberculosis in a 44-year-old Male with Acute on Chronic Low Back Pain. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2019; 3:107-111. [PMID: 31061963 PMCID: PMC6497196 DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2018.11.38575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal tuberculosis (STB), also known as tuberculous spondylitis, tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis, or Pott’s disease is a rare subset of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Although rare in developed countries, STB is an important diagnosis for the emergency physician to consider. We report a case of a 44-year-old African-American male with STB presenting as an acute exacerbation of chronic low back pain complicated by urinary retention and difficulty ambulating. Our patient had no known predisposing risk factors for tuberculosis. This patient’s STB was mistakenly diagnosed as nontuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis. This is not uncommon, as it is often difficult to distinguish the two clinically. This patient experienced advanced neurologic features at the time of initial presentation, which improved with surgical decompression. Ultimately, he re-presented to the emergency department 10 days after hospital discharge with recurrence of symptoms due to inaccurate antimicrobial selection. The diagnosis may hinge on the astute physician recognizing the characteristic, albeit subtle, imaging findings of STB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Canine
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Hood, Texas
| | - Sarah Medeck
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Hood, Texas
| | - Anthony Hackett
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Hood, Texas
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7
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Hackett A, Stuart J, Blessing N, Borden N. Headache with Aura: A case report of ocular melanoma. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 36:2135.e7-2135.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Tagawa S, Vallabhajosula S, Jhanwar Y, Hackett A, Oromendia C, Naiz M, Goldsmith S, Nanus D, Beltran H, Molina A, Faltas B, Sreekumar J, Babich J, Ballman K, Bander N. Phase I dose-escalation study of fractionated dose 177Lu-PSMA-617 for progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy284.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Wang S, Chou TH, Hackett A, Efros V, Wang Y, Han D, Wallace A, Chen Y, Hu G, Liu S, Clapham P, Arthos J, Montefiori D, Lu S. Screening of primary gp120 immunogens to formulate the next generation polyvalent DNA prime-protein boost HIV-1 vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2996-3009. [PMID: 28933684 PMCID: PMC5718816 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1380137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous preclinical studies and a Phase I clinical trial DP6-001 have indicated that a polyvalent Env formulation was able to elicit broadly reactive antibody responses including low titer neutralizing antibody responses against viral isolates of subtypes A, B, C and AE. In the current report, a panel of 62 gp120 immunogens were screened in a rabbit model to identify gp120 immunogens that can elicit improved binding and neutralizing antibody responses and some of them can be included in the next polyvalent formulation. Only about 19% of gp120 immunogens in this panel were able to elicit neutralizing antibodies against greater than 50% of the viruses included in a high throughput PhenoSense neutralization assay when these immuongens were tested as a DNA prime followed by a fixed 5-valent gp120 protein vaccine boost. The new polyvalent formulation, using five gp120 immunogens selected from this subgroup, elicited improved quality of antibody responses in rabbits than the previous DP6-001 formulation. More significantly, this new polyvalent formulation elicited higher antibody responses against a panel of gp70V1/V2 antigens expressing V1/V2 sequences from diverse subtypes. Bioinformatics analysis supports the design of a 4-valent or 5-valent formulation using gp120 immunogens from this screening study to achieve a broad coverage against 16 HIV-1 subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixia Wang
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Te-Hui Chou
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Anthony Hackett
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Veronica Efros
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Yan Wang
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Dong Han
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Aaron Wallace
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Yuxin Chen
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Guangnan Hu
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Shuying Liu
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Paul Clapham
- b Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - James Arthos
- c Immunopathogenesis Section, NIAID, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - David Montefiori
- d Department of Surgery , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Shan Lu
- a Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
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10
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Hu H, Haas SA, Chelly J, Van Esch H, Raynaud M, de Brouwer APM, Weinert S, Froyen G, Frints SGM, Laumonnier F, Zemojtel T, Love MI, Richard H, Emde AK, Bienek M, Jensen C, Hambrock M, Fischer U, Langnick C, Feldkamp M, Wissink-Lindhout W, Lebrun N, Castelnau L, Rucci J, Montjean R, Dorseuil O, Billuart P, Stuhlmann T, Shaw M, Corbett MA, Gardner A, Willis-Owen S, Tan C, Friend KL, Belet S, van Roozendaal KEP, Jimenez-Pocquet M, Moizard MP, Ronce N, Sun R, O'Keeffe S, Chenna R, van Bömmel A, Göke J, Hackett A, Field M, Christie L, Boyle J, Haan E, Nelson J, Turner G, Baynam G, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Müller U, Steinberger D, Budny B, Badura-Stronka M, Latos-Bieleńska A, Ousager LB, Wieacker P, Rodríguez Criado G, Bondeson ML, Annerén G, Dufke A, Cohen M, Van Maldergem L, Vincent-Delorme C, Echenne B, Simon-Bouy B, Kleefstra T, Willemsen M, Fryns JP, Devriendt K, Ullmann R, Vingron M, Wrogemann K, Wienker TF, Tzschach A, van Bokhoven H, Gecz J, Jentsch TJ, Chen W, Ropers HH, Kalscheuer VM. X-exome sequencing of 405 unresolved families identifies seven novel intellectual disability genes. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:133-48. [PMID: 25644381 PMCID: PMC5414091 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. During the past two decades in excess of 100 X-chromosome ID genes have been identified. Yet, a large number of families mapping to the X-chromosome remained unresolved suggesting that more XLID genes or loci are yet to be identified. Here, we have investigated 405 unresolved families with XLID. We employed massively parallel sequencing of all X-chromosome exons in the index males. The majority of these males were previously tested negative for copy number variations and for mutations in a subset of known XLID genes by Sanger sequencing. In total, 745 X-chromosomal genes were screened. After stringent filtering, a total of 1297 non-recurrent exonic variants remained for prioritization. Co-segregation analysis of potential clinically relevant changes revealed that 80 families (20%) carried pathogenic variants in established XLID genes. In 19 families, we detected likely causative protein truncating and missense variants in 7 novel and validated XLID genes (CLCN4, CNKSR2, FRMPD4, KLHL15, LAS1L, RLIM and USP27X) and potentially deleterious variants in 2 novel candidate XLID genes (CDK16 and TAF1). We show that the CLCN4 and CNKSR2 variants impair protein functions as indicated by electrophysiological studies and altered differentiation of cultured primary neurons from Clcn4(-/-) mice or after mRNA knock-down. The newly identified and candidate XLID proteins belong to pathways and networks with established roles in cognitive function and intellectual disability in particular. We suggest that systematic sequencing of all X-chromosomal genes in a cohort of patients with genetic evidence for X-chromosome locus involvement may resolve up to 58% of Fragile X-negative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hu
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - S A Haas
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Chelly
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - H Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Raynaud
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - A P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Weinert
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany,Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Froyen
- Human Genome Laboratory, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium,Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S G M Frints
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Laumonnier
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - T Zemojtel
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M I Love
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Richard
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A-K Emde
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Bienek
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Jensen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hambrock
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Fischer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Langnick
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Feldkamp
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Wissink-Lindhout
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Lebrun
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - L Castelnau
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - J Rucci
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - R Montjean
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - O Dorseuil
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - P Billuart
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - T Stuhlmann
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany,Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Shaw
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M A Corbett
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A Gardner
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Willis-Owen
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Tan
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - K L Friend
- SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Belet
- Human Genome Laboratory, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium,Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K E P van Roozendaal
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Jimenez-Pocquet
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - M-P Moizard
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - N Ronce
- Inserm U930 ‘Imaging and Brain', Tours, France,University François-Rabelais, Tours, France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Service de Génétique, Tours, France
| | - R Sun
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - S O'Keeffe
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Chenna
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A van Bömmel
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Göke
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Hackett
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - M Field
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - L Christie
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - J Boyle
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - E Haan
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Nelson
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - G Turner
- Genetics of Learning and Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - G Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - U Müller
- Institut für Humangenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany,bio.logis Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - D Steinberger
- Institut für Humangenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany,bio.logis Center for Human Genetics, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - B Budny
- Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Ponzan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Badura-Stronka
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Latos-Bieleńska
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - L B Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Wieacker
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - M-L Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Annerén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Dufke
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Angewandte Genomik, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Cohen
- Kinderzentrum München, München, Germany
| | - L Van Maldergem
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - C Vincent-Delorme
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre CHRU de Lilles, Lille, France
| | - B Echenne
- Service de Neuro-Pédiatrie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - B Simon-Bouy
- Laboratoire SESEP, Centre hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - T Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J-P Fryns
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Ullmann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Vingron
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Wrogemann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - T F Wienker
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Tzschach
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - H van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Gecz
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - T J Jentsch
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany,Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Chen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H-H Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - V M Kalscheuer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, Berlin 14195, Germany. E-mail:
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11
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Birch RC, Hocking DR, Cornish KM, Menant JC, Georgiou-Karistianis N, Godler DE, Wen W, Hackett A, Rogers C, Trollor JN. Preliminary evidence of an effect of cerebellar volume on postural sway in FMR1 premutation males. Genes Brain Behav 2015; 14:251-9. [PMID: 25689687 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that early changes in postural control may be discernible among females with premutation expansions (55-200 CGG repeats) of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene at risk of developing fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Cerebellar dysfunction is well described in males and females with FXTAS, yet the interrelationships between cerebellar volume, CGG repeat length, FMR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and changes in postural control remain unknown. This study examined postural sway during standing in a cohort of 22 males with the FMR1 premutation (ages 26-80) and 24 matched controls (ages 26-77). The influence of cerebellar volume, CGG repeat length and FMR1 mRNA levels on postural sway was explored using multiple linear regression. The results provide preliminary evidence that increasing CGG repeat length and decreasing cerebellar volume were associated with greater postural sway among premutation males. The relationship between CGG repeat length and postural sway was mediated by a negative association between CGG repeat size and cerebellar volume. While FMR1 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the premutation group and correlated with CGG repeat length, FMR1 mRNA levels were not significantly associated with postural sway scores. These findings show for the first time that greater postural sway among males with the FMR1 premutation may reflect CGG repeat-mediated disruption in vulnerable cerebellar circuits implicated in postural control. However, longitudinal studies in larger samples are required to confirm whether the relationships between cerebellar volume, CGG repeat length and postural sway indicate greater risk for neurological decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Birch
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney
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12
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Roscioli T, Elakis G, Cox TC, Moon DJ, Venselaar H, Turner AM, Le T, Hackett E, Haan E, Colley A, Mowat D, Worgan L, Kirk EP, Sachdev R, Thompson E, Gabbett M, McGaughran J, Gibson K, Gattas M, Freckmann ML, Dixon J, Hoefsloot L, Field M, Hackett A, Kamien B, Edwards M, Adès LC, Collins FA, Wilson MJ, Savarirayan R, Tan TY, Amor DJ, McGillivray G, White SM, Glass IA, David DJ, Anderson PJ, Gianoutsos M, Buckley MF. Genotype and clinical care correlations in craniosynostosis: findings from a cohort of 630 Australian and New Zealand patients. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2013; 163C:259-70. [PMID: 24127277 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is one of the most common craniofacial disorders encountered in clinical genetics practice, with an overall incidence of 1 in 2,500. Between 30% and 70% of syndromic craniosynostoses are caused by mutations in hotspots in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes or in the TWIST1 gene with the difference in detection rates likely to be related to different study populations within craniofacial centers. Here we present results from molecular testing of an Australia and New Zealand cohort of 630 individuals with a diagnosis of craniosynostosis. Data were obtained by Sanger sequencing of FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 hotspot exons and the TWIST1 gene, as well as copy number detection of TWIST1. Of the 630 probands, there were 231 who had one of 80 distinct mutations (36%). Among the 80 mutations, 17 novel sequence variants were detected in three of the four genes screened. In addition to the proband cohort there were 96 individuals who underwent predictive or prenatal testing as part of family studies. Dysmorphic features consistent with the known FGFR1-3/TWIST1-associated syndromes were predictive for mutation detection. We also show a statistically significant association between splice site mutations in FGFR2 and a clinical diagnosis of Pfeiffer syndrome, more severe clinical phenotypes associated with FGFR2 exon 10 versus exon 8 mutations, and more frequent surgical procedures in the presence of a pathogenic mutation. Targeting gene hot spot areas for mutation analysis is a useful strategy to maximize the success of molecular diagnosis for individuals with craniosynostosis.
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13
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Nguyen LS, Jolly L, Shoubridge C, Chan WK, Huang L, Laumonnier F, Raynaud M, Hackett A, Field M, Rodriguez J, Srivastava AK, Lee Y, Long R, Addington AM, Rapoport JL, Suren S, Hahn CN, Gamble J, Wilkinson MF, Corbett MA, Gecz J. Transcriptome profiling of UPF3B/NMD-deficient lymphoblastoid cells from patients with various forms of intellectual disability. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:1103-15. [PMID: 22182939 PMCID: PMC4281019 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway was originally discovered by virtue of its ability to rapidly degrade aberrant mRNAs with premature termination codons. More recently, it was shown that NMD also directly regulates subsets of normal transcripts, suggesting that NMD has roles in normal biological processes. Indeed, several NMD factors have been shown to regulate neurological events (for example, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity) in numerous vertebrate species. In man, mutations in the NMD factor gene UPF3B, which disrupts a branch of the NMD pathway, cause various forms of intellectual disability (ID). Using Epstein Barr virus-immortalized B cells, also known as lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), from ID patients that have loss-of-function mutations in UPF3B, we investigated the genome-wide consequences of compromised NMD and the role of NMD in neuronal development and function. We found that ~5% of the human transcriptome is impacted in UPF3B patients. The UPF3B paralog, UPF3A, is stabilized in all UPF3B patients, and partially compensates for the loss of UPF3B function. Interestingly, UPF3A protein, but not mRNA, was stabilised in a quantitative manner that inversely correlated with the severity of patients' phenotype. This suggested that the ability to stabilize the UPF3A protein is a crucial modifier of the neurological symptoms due to loss of UPF3B. We also identified ARHGAP24, which encodes a GTPase-activating protein, as a canonical target of NMD, and we provide evidence that deregulation of this gene inhibits axon and dendrite outgrowth and branching. Our results demonstrate that the UPF3B-dependent NMD pathway is a major regulator of the transcriptome and that its targets have important roles in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- LS Nguyen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - L Jolly
- Department of Genetic Medicine, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - C Shoubridge
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - WK Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - F Laumonnier
- INSERM, U930, Tours, France
- CNRS, ERL3106, Tours, France
- University Francois-Rabelais, UMR ‘Imaging and Brain’, Tours, France
| | - M Raynaud
- INSERM, U930, Tours, France
- University Francois-Rabelais, UMR ‘Imaging and Brain’, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Genetique, Tours, France
| | - A Hackett
- GOLD Service, Hunter Genetics, Newcastle, Australia
| | - M Field
- GOLD Service, Hunter Genetics, Newcastle, Australia
| | - J Rodriguez
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Centre, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - AK Srivastava
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Centre, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Y Lee
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Long
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - AM Addington
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - JL Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Suren
- Human Developmental Biology Resource, Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - CN Hahn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Gamble
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine & Cell Biology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - MF Wilkinson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - MA Corbett
- Department of Genetic Medicine, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Gecz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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14
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Wang S, Hackett A, Jia N, Zhang C, Zhang L, Parker C, Zhou A, Li J, Cao WC, Huang Z, Li Y, Lu S. Polyvalent DNA vaccines expressing HA antigens of H5N1 influenza viruses with an optimized leader sequence elicit cross-protective antibody responses. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28757. [PMID: 22205966 PMCID: PMC3244406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5N1 viruses are circulating among poultry populations in parts of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, and have caused human infections with a high mortality rate. H5 subtype hemagglutinin (HA) has evolved into phylogenetically distinct clades and subclades based on viruses isolated from various avian species. Since 1997, humans have been infected by HPAI H5N1 viruses from several clades. It is, therefore, important to develop strategies to produce protective antibody responses against H5N1 viruses from multiple clades or antigenic groups. In the current study, we optimized the signal peptide design of DNA vaccines expressing HA antigens from H5N1 viruses. Cross reactivity analysis using sera from immunized rabbits showed that antibody responses elicited by a polyvalent formulation, including HA antigens from different clades, was able to elicit broad protective antibody responses against multiple key representative H5N1 viruses across different clades. Data presented in this report support the development of a polyvalent DNA vaccine strategy against the threat of a potential H5N1 influenza pandemic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Cross Reactions
- Gene Expression
- Glycosylation
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Protein Sorting Signals
- Rabbits
- Species Specificity
- Vaccines, DNA/chemistry
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixia Wang
- China-US Vaccine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony Hackett
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Na Jia
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, and State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- China-US Vaccine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- China-US Vaccine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chris Parker
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - An Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- China-US Vaccine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, and State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Zuhu Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- China-US Vaccine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shan Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- China-US Vaccine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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15
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Fullston T, Finnis M, Hackett A, Hodgson B, Brueton L, Baynam G, Norman A, Reish O, Shoubridge C, Gecz J. Screening and cell-based assessment of mutations in the Aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene. Clin Genet 2011; 80:510-22. [PMID: 21496008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ARX mutations cause a diverse spectrum of human disorders, ranging from severe brain and genital malformations to non-syndromic intellectual disability (ID). ARX is a transcription factor with multiple domains that include four polyalanine (pA) tracts, the first two of which are frequently expanded by mutations. We progressively screened DNA samples from 613 individuals with ID initially for the most frequent ARX mutations (c.304ins(GCG)(7)'expansion' of pA1 and c.429_452dup 'dup24bp' of pA2). Five hundred samples without pA1 or pA2 mutations had the entire ARX ORF screened by single stranded polymorphism conformation (SSCP) and/or denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography (dHPLC) analysis. Overall, eight families with six mutations in ARX were identified (1.31%): five duplication mutations in pA2 (0.82%) with three new clinical reports of families with the dup24bp and two duplications larger than the dup24bp mutation discovered (dup27bp, dup33bp); and three point mutations (0.6%), including one novel mutation in the homeodomain (c.1074G>T). Four ultraconserved regions distal to ARX (uc466-469) were also screened in a subset of 94 patients, with three unique nucleotide changes identified in two (uc466, uc467). The subcellular localization of full length ARX proteins was assessed for 11 variants. Protein mislocalization increased as a function of pA2 tract length and phenotypic severity, as has been previously suggested for pA1. Similarly, protein mislocalization of the homeodomain mutations also correlated with clinical severity, suggesting an emerging genotype vs cellular phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fullston
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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16
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Vaine M, Wang S, Hackett A, Arthos J, Lu S. Antibody responses elicited through homologous or heterologous prime-boost DNA and protein vaccinations differ in functional activity and avidity. Vaccine 2010; 28:2999-3007. [PMID: 20170767 PMCID: PMC2847033 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using a gp120 envelope glycoprotein from the JR-FL strain of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) as a model antigen, the goal of the current study was to evaluate the level and quality of antibody responses elicited by different prime-boost vaccination regimens (protein only, DNA only, DNA plus protein) in rabbits. Our data demonstrated that incorporating DNA immunization as a prime in a heterologous prime-boost regimen was able to elicit a more diverse and conformational epitope profile, higher antibody avidity, and improved neutralizing activity than immunization with only protein. Additionally, this improved neutralizing activity was observed in spite of similar antibody specificities and avidities seen when only DNA vaccination was used, providing additional evidence that the use of a combination immunization regimen increases the protective antibody response. Insights gained from the current study confirmed that the heterologous DNA prime-protein boost approach is effective in eliciting not only high level but also improved quality of antigen-specific antibody responses, and thus may offer a new technology platform to develop better and safer subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaine
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Shixia Wang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Anthony Hackett
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda 20892, United States
| | - Shan Lu
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
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17
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Richards J, Hackett A, Duggan B, Ellis T, Forrest D, Grey P. An evaluation of an attempt to change the snacking habits of pre-school children using social marketing. Public Health 2009; 123 Suppl 1:e31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Abayomi J, Kirwan J, Hackett A. The prevalence of chronic radiation enteritis following radiotherapy for cervical or endometrial cancer and its impact on quality of life. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2009; 13:262-7. [PMID: 19640788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that 50% of people may suffer from chronic radiation enteritis (CRE) (Andreyev, J., 2005. Gastrointestinal complications of pelvic radiotherapy: are they of any importance? Gut 54, 1051-1054). Gami et al. (Gami, B., Harrington, K., Blake, P., Dearnaley, D., Andreyev, H.J.N., 2003. How patients manage gastrointestinal symptoms after pelvic radiotherapy. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 18, 987-994) argue that this is unimportant if quality of life is unaffected. The aim of this study was to identify how many women experience CRE following radiotherapy and to investigate whether women who have higher doses of radiotherapy or more advanced stage of cancer are more at risk. METHODS Women (=117) who had completed radiotherapy for cervical or endometrial cancer were asked to complete a validated questionnaire exploring bowel problems and quality of life. Responses were scored and compared to scores for women with known faecal incontinence (Bugg, G.J., Kiff, E.S., Hosker, G., 2001. A new condition-specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for the assessment of women with anal incontinence. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 108 (10), 1057-1067). RESULTS Using a score of '0' to indicate no symptoms, 47% of women gained scores indicative of CRE (>0), range 20-85 (mean 34, SD 14.4). Younger women (p<0.001) and women with cervical cancer (p<0.05) were more likely to score for CRE. No significant relationship was observed between score and either radiotherapy dose or stage of cancer. CONCLUSIONS Scoring suggests that about half of woman treated with radiotherapy develop CRE. Quality of life is affected, particularly regarding tiredness and coping behaviours due to lack of warning signs for CRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abayomi
- Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool John Moores University, Community and Leisure, IM Marsh Campus, Barkhill Road, Liverpool L17 6BD, UK.
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19
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Hackett A, Boddy L, Boothby J, Dummer TJB, Johnson B, Stratton G. Mapping dietary habits may provide clues about the factors that determine food choice. J Hum Nutr Diet 2008; 21:428-37. [PMID: 18647211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2008.00894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food deserts are thought to be a barrier to making healthier food choices. This concept has been challenged. The interaction between the physical environment and children's food choice has received little attention. The present study used food intake data to generate hypotheses concerning the role of the physical environment in food choice. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of the dietary habits of Year 5 (9-10-year-old) children from 90 of Liverpool's 118 primary schools. Individuals with the 'best' and 'worst' food choices were mapped and two areas associated with these extreme choices located. RESULTS One thousand five hundred and thirty-five children completed the dietary questionnaire and supplied a full and valid postcode. Two adjacent areas with relatively large numbers of children in the 'best' and 'worst' food choice groups were chosen. Both areas had very similar socio-economic profiles. The contrast in the physical environments was striking, even on visual inspection. CONCLUSIONS Food deserts as a cause of poor food choice did not stand scrutiny; the area located by the worst food choices had a plethora of shops selling food (better termed a food prairie), whereas the area located by the best food choices had no shops in evidence but did have more 'space'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hackett
- Centre for Tourism, Consumer and Food Studies, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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20
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Koolen DA, Sharp AJ, Hurst JA, Firth HV, Knight SJL, Goldenberg A, Saugier-Veber P, Pfundt R, Vissers LELM, Destrée A, Grisart B, Rooms L, Van der Aa N, Field M, Hackett A, Bell K, Nowaczyk MJM, Mancini GMS, Poddighe PJ, Schwartz CE, Rossi E, De Gregori M, Antonacci-Fulton LL, McLellan MD, Garrett JM, Wiechert MA, Miner TL, Crosby S, Ciccone R, Willatt L, Rauch A, Zenker M, Aradhya S, Manning MA, Strom TM, Wagenstaller J, Krepischi-Santos AC, Vianna-Morgante AM, Rosenberg C, Price SM, Stewart H, Shaw-Smith C, Brunner HG, Wilkie AOM, Veltman JA, Zuffardi O, Eichler EE, de Vries BBA. Clinical and molecular delineation of the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome. J Med Genet 2008; 45:710-20. [PMID: 18628315 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.058701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chromosome 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome is a novel genomic disorder that has originally been identified using high resolution genome analyses in patients with unexplained mental retardation. AIM We report the molecular and/or clinical characterisation of 22 individuals with the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome. RESULTS We estimate the prevalence of the syndrome to be 1 in 16,000 and show that it is highly underdiagnosed. Extensive clinical examination reveals that developmental delay, hypotonia, facial dysmorphisms including a long face, a tubular or pear-shaped nose and a bulbous nasal tip, and a friendly/amiable behaviour are the most characteristic features. Other clinically important features include epilepsy, heart defects and kidney/urologic anomalies. Using high resolution oligonucleotide arrays we narrow the 17q21.31 critical region to a 424 kb genomic segment (chr17: 41046729-41470954, hg17) encompassing at least six genes, among which is the gene encoding microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT). Mutation screening of MAPT in 122 individuals with a phenotype suggestive of 17q21.31 deletion carriers, but who do not carry the recurrent deletion, failed to identify any disease associated variants. In five deletion carriers we identify a <500 bp rearrangement hotspot at the proximal breakpoint contained within an L2 LINE motif and show that in every case examined the parent originating the deletion carries a common 900 kb 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism, indicating that this inversion is a necessary factor for deletion to occur (p<10(-5)). CONCLUSION Our data establish the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome as a clinically and molecularly well recognisable genomic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Hackett A, Gillard J, Wilcken B. n of 1 trial for an ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency carrier. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 94:157-61. [PMID: 18343177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is an X-linked disorder of the urea cycle. It is often fatal in affected males. Treatment for affected individuals includes dietary protein restriction, activation of alternative pathways of nitrogen excretion and L-arginine supplementation. Depending on the amount of X chromosome inactivation skewing, females show variable clinical manifestations, and sometimes the need for treatment, including medications, is unclear. We conducted an n of 1 randomized controlled trial on an obligate OTC carrier. The treating physician and patient were blinded to treatment. Either placebo capsules or L-arginine capsules were given for weekly periods. Weekly efficacy indicators included plasma arginine and glutamine levels and a quality of life/mood assessment questionnaire scale. Clear evidence of benefit with L-arginine compared to placebo was shown. This is the first time an n of 1 randomized controlled trial has been reported for an X-linked metabolic condition. Despite some logistic hurdles, we have demonstrated that this method was an effective tool for determining the value of treatment. We propose that other rare metabolic conditions may be amenable to such trials, if the benefit of treatment is in doubt.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hackett
- Hunter Genetics, P.O. Box 84, Waratah, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia; University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to promote the intake of fruit and vegetables but it is not clear how children interpret the term 'portion'. The aim of this study was to describe portion sizes of various fruits and vegetables selected by primary school children. METHODS A cross-sectional study collected data on children's self-selected portions of fruits and vegetables. Forty-three boys and 52 girls aged 9-10 years attending after school food clubs in Liverpool took part. Children placed a 'portion' of each fruit and vegetable into an empty bowl which was weighed using digital scales accurate to 1 g. RESULTS Mean portion sizes ranged from 126 g for satsumas to 61 g for peas but there were no significant differences between boys and girls. Portions of fruits were larger than portions of vegetables and although there were statistically significant correlations between the portion sizes selected by individual children they were not particularly strong. CONCLUSIONS These children had all taken part in activities promoting '5-a-day' but their perception of 'a portion' varied enormously. It is recommended that children receive targeted activities to help them improve their understanding of what constitutes a 'portion'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mullarkey
- Department of Dietetics, Liverpool Primary Care Trust, Abercromby Health Centre, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy remains the standard treatment for cervical cancer, especially for more advanced disease. It is estimated that the prevalence of chronic radiation enteritis (CRE) post-radiotherapy is in the region of 5-15%. However, preliminary studies at the study hospital suggest the problem to be more widespread (C. Israel, unpublished data). AIM This qualitative study of 10 cervical cancer patients investigates experiences of CRE and its impact on quality of life. METHODS Informed volunteers participated in one-to-one tape-recorded in-depth interviews exploring experiences following treatment. These interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using NUD*IST Nvivo. RESULTS The majority of women reported side-effects from radiotherapy, predominantly diarrhoea. CRE had a significant impact upon the physical, psychological and social aspects of life of sufferers, enforcing some to be virtually housebound. Other sufferers were managing their symptoms with regular medication and/or self-imposed restricted diets. Few of these women had ever sought professional help in dealing with their problems because of embarrassment or reluctance to complain. CONCLUSIONS If untreated the side-effects of CRE have a disabling affect on sufferers, who may be reluctant to seek help about their symptoms. Health professionals need to be more pro-active in identifying and caring for sufferers of CRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abayomi
- School of the Outdoors, Leisure and Food, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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24
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Allen JR, Nguyen LX, Sargent KEG, Lipson KL, Hackett A, Urano F. High ER stress in beta-cells stimulates intracellular degradation of misfolded insulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 324:166-70. [PMID: 15464997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, elicits an adaptive response, the unfolded protein response (UPR). One component of the UPR, the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system, has an important function in the survival of ER stressed cells. Here, we show that HRD1, a component of the ERAD system, is upregulated in pancreatic islets of the Akita diabetes mouse model and enhances intracellular degradation of misfolded insulin. High ER stress in beta-cells stimulated mutant insulin degradation through HRD1 to protect beta-cells from ER stress and ensuing death. If HRD1 serves the same function in humans, it may serve as a target for therapeutic intervention in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny R Allen
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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25
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Fletcher ES, Rugg-Gunn AJ, Matthews JNS, Hackett A, Moynihan PJ, Mathers JC, Adamson AJ. Changes over 20 years in macronutrient intake and body mass index in 11- to 12-year-old adolescents living in Northumberland. Br J Nutr 2004; 92:321-33. [PMID: 15333164 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring adolescent diets over time enables the assessment of the effectiveness of public health messages which are particularly important in vulnerable groups such as adolescents. In 2000, 424 children aged 11-12 years old completed two 3 d estimated dietary records. On the fourth day one nutritionist interviewed each child to clarify the information in the diary and foods were quantified with the aid of food models. Nutrient intake was calculated using computerised food tables. These children attended the same seven schools in the same Northumberland area as the 11- to 12-year-old children who recorded their diet using the same method in 1980 (n 405) and 1990 (n 379), respectively. Height and weight, and parental occupation were recorded in all three surveys for each child. Height and weight were used to calculate BMI, weight was used to estimate BMR and parental occupation was used to determine social class. Comparing the macronutrient intakes in 2000 with 1980 and 1990, energy intakes (EI) fell in boys (to 8.45 MJ) and girls (to 7.60 MJ). This fall may, at least in part, be due to an increase in low energy reporting. For 1980, 1990 and 2000 the percentage of boys with EI:BMR below 1.1 was 6, 15 and 23 %, respectively; for girls, 3, 14 and 18 %, respectively. Percentage energy from fat was unchanged between 1980 and 1990 but fell to 35 % (about 76 g/d) in 2000, alongside a 3 % increase in percentage energy from starch (30 %). Percentage energy from non-milk extrinsic sugars remained above recommendations (16 %; about 82 g/d). The number of overweight and obese children increased from 11 % to 30 % between 1980 and 2000. Positive changes have occurred in the Northumbrian adolescent diet but social inequalities, reported in previous surveys, remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Fletcher
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
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26
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Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the reliability and criterion validity of a food intake questionnaire (FIQ) designed for use in schoolchildren. METHODS Study of reliability: 98 young people aged 13-14 years attending two schools in deprived areas of Liverpool completed the FIQ on three separate occasions over a 3-month period. VALIDITY STUDY: Ninety-six young people (aged 11-13 years) completed the FIQ and 2 weeks later completed a 3-day food diary (with interview). RESULTS The FIQ gave consistent response on separate occasions over the 3-month reliability study period. Levels of agreement were consistent between survey combinations. Analysis of variance showed no differences in mean score for food groups between surveys. Pearson correlations for mean scores estimated by separate FIQ ranged from 0.42 for fibre food group to 0.76 for negative marker food group; the majority of the correlations were above 0.5. The data suggested the FIQ should be able to detect a change of +/-10% in eating habits. The validity study provided modest but significant Pearson correlations between energy intake, fat intake as a percentage of energy intake and sugars intake derived from 3-day diaries, and mean scores for the fatty, sugary and negative marker food group assessed by the FIQ. CONCLUSIONS The results from both studies provide an indication of the FIQ's reliability, and suggest it has criterion validity for fatty and sugary and negative marker foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Johnson
- Department of Community Nutrition and Dietetics, Abercromby Health Centre, Grove St., Liverpool L7 7HG, UK
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Biswas S, Munier FL, Yardley J, Hart-Holden N, Perveen R, Cousin P, Sutphin JE, Noble B, Batterbury M, Kielty C, Hackett A, Bonshek R, Ridgway A, McLeod D, Sheffield VC, Stone EM, Schorderet DF, Black GC. Missense mutations in COL8A2, the gene encoding the alpha2 chain of type VIII collagen, cause two forms of corneal endothelial dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:2415-23. [PMID: 11689488 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.21.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal clarity is maintained by its endothelium, which functions abnormally in the endothelial dystrophies, leading to corneal opacification. This group of conditions includes Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy of the cornea (FECD), one of the commonest indications for corneal transplantation performed in developed countries, posterior polymorphous dystrophy (PPCD) and the congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophies (CHED). A genome-wide search of a three-generation family with early-onset FECD demonstrated significant linkage with D1S2830 (Z(max) = 3.72, theta = 0.0). Refinement of the critical region defined a 6-7 cM interval of chromosome 1p34.3-p32 within which lies the COL8A2 gene. This encodes the 703 amino acid alpha2 chain of type VIII collagen, a short-chain collagen which is a component of endothelial basement membranes and which represented a strong candidate gene. Analysis of its coding sequence defined a missense mutation (gln455lys) within the triple helical domain of the protein in this family. Mutation analysis in patients with FECD and PPCD demonstrated further missense substitutions in familial and sporadic cases of FECD as well as in a single family with PPCD. This is the first description of the molecular basis of any of the corneal endothelial dystrophies or of mutations in type VIII collagen in association with human disease. This suggests that the underlying pathogenesis of FECD and PPCD may be related to disturbance of the role of type VIII collagen in influencing the terminal differentiation of the neural crest derived corneal endothelial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Biswas
- Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WH, UK
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Abstract
We report on the pregnancy management of a 22-year-old woman with amyoplasia, the commonest type of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC). Extrapolating from childhood and adult studies, the majority of cases are likely to be ambulatory and live independent lives as adults. Many females, therefore, would be expected to achieve a pregnancy. There have been several case reports on anaesthetic management for Caesarean section delivery in women with arthrogryposis, but no medical literature exists regarding the likelihood or management of vaginal delivery. This is the first reported case of conservative management of a woman with amyoplasia. A multi-disciplinary team was involved in her care. This involved careful assessment of her suitability for vaginal delivery, possible anaesthetic complications and potential difficulties in caring for an infant at home. Induction of labour at 37 weeks gestation resulted in the successful vaginal delivery of a liveborn healthy male.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hackett
- Hunter Genetics, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Robinson J, Eceleston Z, McEvoy M, Hackett A. Empowerment & reminiscence: possible tools in dietary health promotion in the elderly. Nutr Health 2000; 13:249-60. [PMID: 10768412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The COMA report "The Nutrition of Elderly People" recommended that elderly people should be targeted for health education programmes in order to maintain nutritional status in this group. Recent research indicates that interventions which aim to influence nutritional behaviour are more likely to succeed if they involve target populations at all stages of the process. This paper outlines a preliminary action research project which attempted to identify some key issues influencing eating behaviour in a group of elderly people based in the Halewood area of Knowsley, Merseyside. An innovative methodology, combining empowerment and reminiscence, was used to produce a nutritional advice leaflet which will be used as a resource within the local community.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The NF-kappaB family of dimeric transcription factors regulates the expression of several genes by binding to a variety of related DNA sequences. One of these dimers, p65(RelA), regulates a subclass of these targets. We have shown previously that p65 binds to the 5'-GGAA T TTTC-3' sequence asymmetrically. In that complex one subunit base specifically interacts with the preferred 5' half site and the other subunit binds non-specifically to the 3' half site. RESULTS Here we describe the crystal structures of two new p65-DNA complexes. One complex contains a pseudosymmetric 5'-GGAA T TTCC-3' DNA sequence taken from the enhancer of the gene encoding interleukin 8 (IL-8) and the other contains the asymmetric 5'-GGAA T TCCC-3' target DNA taken from the enhancer of the gene encoding type VII collagen. As expected, the global positioning of the dimer on both DNA targets is roughly symmetric, however, the hydrogen-bonding patterns at the protein-DNA interfaces differ significantly. One of the p65 monomers in complex with the asymmetric DNA binds to an extra base pair located immediately upstream of the 5'-GGAA-3' half site. We also show that p65 binds to these targets with almost equal affinity and that different residues have variable roles in binding different kappaB targets. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these structures reveal that p65 exhibits the unique capability to specifically bind DNA targets of variable lengths from four to ten base pairs. Also, the small protein segment Arg41-Ser42-Ala43 is at least partially responsible for flexibility in DNA-binding modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0359, USA
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31
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Abstract
The number of people who avoid eating meat is growing, especially among young people. Benefits to health from a vegetarian diet have been reported in adults but it is not clear to what extent these benefits are due to diet or to other aspects of lifestyles. In children concern has been expressed concerning the adequacy of vegetarian diets especially with regard to growth. The risks/benefits seem to be related to the degree of restriction of he diet; anaemia is probably both the main and the most serious risk but this also applies to omnivores. Vegan diets are more likely to be associated with malnutrition, especially if the diets are the result of authoritarian dogma. Overall, lacto-ovo-vegetarian children consume diets closer to recommendations than omnivores and their pre-pubertal growth is at least as good. The simplest strategy when becoming vegetarian may involve reliance on vegetarian convenience foods which are not necessarily superior in nutritional composition. The vegetarian sector of the food industry could do more to produce foods closer to recommendations. Vegetarian diets can be, but are not necessarily, adequate for children, providing vigilance is maintained, particularly to ensure variety. Identical comments apply to omnivorous diets. Three threats to the diet of children are too much reliance on convenience foods, lack of variety and lack of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hackett
- Centre for Consumer Education and Research, Liverpool John Moores University
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Lovie M, García A, Hackett A, Mapletoft R. The effect of dose schedule and route of administration on superovulatory response to folltropin in holstein cows. Theriogenology 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(05)80151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adamson A, Rugg-Gunn A, Butler T, Appleton D, Hackett A. Nutritional intake, height and weight of 11-12-year-old Northumbrian children in 1990 compared with information obtained in 1980. Br J Nutr 1992; 68:543-63. [PMID: 1493125 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19920114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is little age-specific information on changes in dietary intake over time in this country, yet this is valuable in assessing the effectiveness of health education programmes particularly in vulnerable groups such as adolescents. In 1990, 379 children aged 12 years completed two 3 d dietary records. They were interviewed by one dietitian on the day after completion of each diary to verify and enlarge on the information provided and, with the aid of food models, obtain a quantitative record of food intake. Nutrient intake was calculated using computerized food tables. These children attended the same seven Middle schools in Northumberland as 405 children of the same age who recorded their diet using the same method, 10 years previously. Heights and weights were also recorded in both studies in the same manner. Comparing the nutrient intakes in 1990 with 1980, energy intake fell in the boys (to 8.6 MJ) but not in the girls (8.3 MJ). The contribution of fat to energy intake was unchanged at about 40% (about 90 g/d). Likewise, intake of sugars was unchanged at about 22% of energy (about 118 g/d). Calcium intake remained the same in the girls (763 mg/d in 1990) but fell in the boys (786 mg/d in 1990). Iron, vitamin C and unavailable carbohydrate intakes increased in both sexes, and the nutrient density of the diet improved in all sex and social-class groups. However, a social trend evident in 1980 still existed in 1990 with low social groups having the poorest-quality diet. It is concluded that there is little evidence of substantial progress towards improving the diet of adolescents in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adamson
- Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Newcastle upon Tyne
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Dairkee SH, Ljung BM, Smith H, Hackett A. Immunolocalization of a human basal epithelium specific keratin in benign and malignant breast disease. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1987; 10:11-20. [PMID: 2446682 DOI: 10.1007/bf01806130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the immunocytochemical localization of a human basal- or myoepithelial-specific anti-keratin antibody in benign and malignant breast disease. Reactivity patterns with this antibody have demonstrated the lack of myoepithelial or basal epithelial participation in most benign breast specimens examined including those displaying cystic disease, fibrosis, or hyperplasia. However, in specimens of sclerosing adenosis, strong reactivity with the majority of cells in most ducts suggests a major participation of the myoepithelial cell type. Analysis of 118 breast carcinoma specimens has demonstrated strong, homogeneous reactivity in 4% of the specimens, suggesting a role for the basal epithelial cell in malignancy of the human mammary gland and implications for the prognosis of such tumors. Antigenic characterization of the malignant and benign mammary specimens which are uniformly reactive with the antibody has demonstrated the presence of a 51 kd keratin polypeptide not found in the non-reactive specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Dairkee
- Peralta Cancer Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
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36
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Marshall SM, Hackett A, Court S, Parkin M, Alberti KG. Albumin excretion in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes Res 1986; 3:345-8. [PMID: 3780132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalbuminuria has been shown to predict end-stage renal failure in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes. We have measured albumin excretion rates (AER) in 106 normal adults, 64 normal children and 68 children with insulin-dependent diabetes. The median AER's in both groups of children were similar and both were significantly lower than in the adult population. In normal and diabetic children there was a significant positive correlation of AER with age, but not with duration of disease or HbA1 in the diabetic group. We conclude that AER is lower in children than in adults and that the levels of albumin excretion which are predictive of clinical diabetic nephropathy in adults may not be applicable to children.
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Hackett A, Stephen KW. Diet and the fall in caries prevalence. Br Dent J 1983; 155:6. [PMID: 6577888 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4805118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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