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Skovgaard C, Christiansen D, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Bangsbo J. Similar improvements in 5-km performance and maximal oxygen uptake with submaximal and maximal 10-20-30 training in runners, but increase in muscle oxidative phosphorylation occur only with maximal effort training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14493. [PMID: 37732872 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine whether 10-20-30 training (consecutive 1-min intervals consisting of 30 s at low-speed, 20 s at moderate-speed, and 10 s at high-speed), performed with submaximal effort during the 10-s high-speed runs, would lead to improved performance as well as increased maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 -max) and muscle oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In addition, to examine to what extent the effects would compare to 10-20-30 running conducted with maximal effort. DESIGN Nineteen males were randomly assigned to 10-20-30 running performed with either submaximal (SUBMAX; n = 11) or maximal (MAX; n = 8) effort, which was conducted three times/week for 6 weeks (intervention; INT). Before and after INT, subjects completed a 5-km running test and a VO2 -max test, and a biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis. RESULTS After compared to before INT, SUBMAX and MAX improved (p < 0.05) 5-km performance by 3.0% (20.8 ± 0.4 (means±SE) vs. 21.5 ± 0.4 min) and 2.3% (21.2 ± 0.4 vs. 21.6 ± 0.4 min), respectively, and VO2 -max was ~7% higher (p < 0.01) in both SUBMAX (57.0 ± 1.3 vs. 53.5 ± 1.1 mL/min/kg) and MAX (57.8 ± 1.2 vs. 53.7 ± 0.9 mL/min/kg), with no difference in the changes between groups. In SUBMAX, muscle OXPHOS was unchanged, whereas in MAX, muscle OXPHOS subunits (I-IV) and total OXPHOS (5.5 ± 0.3 vs 4.7 ± 0.3 A.U.) were 9%-29% higher (p < 0.05) after compared to before INT. CONCLUSION Conducting 10-20-30 training with a non-maximal effort during the 10-s high-speed runs is as efficient in improving 5-km performance and VO2 -max as maximal effort exercise, whereas increase in muscle OXPHOS occur only when the 10-s high-speed runs are performed with maximal effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Skovgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Danny Christiansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Christiansen D, Bishop DJ. Aerobic-interval exercise with blood flow restriction potentiates early markers of metabolic health in man. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13769. [PMID: 34984835 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study examined whether aerobic-interval exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) potentiates early markers of metabolic health compared to exercise with systemic hypoxia or normoxia in man. METHODS In a randomized-crossover fashion, eight healthy men completed nine 2-minute running bouts at 105% of their lactate threshold on three occasions separated by one week, either with BFR (BFR-trial), systemic hypoxia (HYP-trial) or normoxia (control; CON-trial). Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to assess the muscle level of hypoxia. A muscle biopsy was collected at rest and 3 hours after exercise to quantify genes involved in cholesterol synthesis (PGC-1α2), glucose disposal (GLUT4) and capillary growth (HIF-1α; VEGFA), as well as mitochondrial respiration (PGC-1α2/3), uncoupling (UCP3) and expansion (p53; COXIV-1/2; CS; AMPKα1/2). RESULTS The muscle level of hypoxia was matched between the BFR-trial and HYP-trial (~90%; P > .05), which was greater than the CON-trial (~70%; P < .05). PGC-1α2 increased most in the BFR-trial (16-fold vs CON-trial; 11-fold vs HYP-trial; P < .05). GLUT4 and VEGFA selectively increased by 2.0 and 3.4-fold, respectively in BFR-trial (P < .05), which was greater than CON-trial (1.2 and 1.3 fold) and HYP-trial (1.2 and 1.8 fold; P < .05). UCP3 increased more in BFR-trial than the HYP-trial (4.3 vs 1.6 fold), but was not different between BFR-trial and CON-trial (2.1 fold) or between CON-trial and HYP-trial (P > .05). No trial differences were evident for other genes (P > .05). CONCLUSION Independent of the muscle level of hypoxia, BFR-exercise potentiates early markers of metabolic health associated with the regulation of cholesterol production and glucose homeostasis in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Christiansen
- Institute for Health & Sport Victoria University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health & Sport Victoria University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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3
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Abstract
The manipulation of blood flow in conjunction with skeletal muscle contraction has greatly informed the physiological understanding of muscle fatigue, blood pressure reflexes, and metabolism in humans. Recent interest in using intentional blood flow restriction (BFR) has focused on elucidating how exercise during periods of reduced blood flow affects typical training adaptations. A large initial appeal for BFR training was driven by studies demonstrating rapid increases in muscle size, strength, and endurance capacity, even when notably low intensities and resistances, which would typically be incapable of stimulating change in healthy populations, were used. The incorporation of BFR exercise into the training of strength- and endurance-trained athletes has recently been shown to provide additive training effects that augment skeletal muscle and cardiovascular adaptations. Recent observations suggest BFR exercise alters acute physiological stressors such as local muscle oxygen availability and vascular shear stress, which may lead to adaptations that are not easily attained with conventional training. This review explores these concepts and summarizes both the evidence base and knowledge gaps regarding the application of BFR training for athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Pignanelli
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Christiansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jamie F Burr
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Christiansen D, Eibye K, Hostrup M, Bangsbo J. The effect of blood-flow-restricted interval training on lactate and H + dynamics during dynamic exercise in man. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13580. [PMID: 33222371 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess how blood-flow-restricted (BFR) interval-training affects the capacity of the leg muscles for pH regulation during dynamic exercise in physically trained men. METHODS Ten men (age: 25 ± 4y; V ˙ O 2 max : 50 ± 5 mL∙kg-1 ∙min-1 ) completed a 6-wk interval-cycling intervention (INT) with one leg under BFR (BFR-leg; ~180 mmHg) and the other without BFR (CON-leg). Before and after INT, thigh net H+ -release (lactate-dependent, lactate-independent and sum) and blood acid/base variables were measured during knee-extensor exercise at 25% (Ex25) and 90% (Ex90) of incremental peak power output. A muscle biopsy was collected before and after Ex90 to determine pH, lactate and density of H+ -transport/buffering systems. RESULTS After INT, net H+ release (BFR-leg: 15 ± 2; CON-leg: 13 ± 3; mmol·min-1 ; Mean ± 95% CI), net lactate-independent H+ release (BFR-leg: 8 ± 1; CON-leg: 4 ± 1; mmol·min-1 ) and net lactate-dependent H+ release (BFR-leg: 9 ± 3; CON-leg: 10 ± 3; mmol·min-1 ) were similar between legs during Ex90 (P > .05), despite a ~142% lower muscle intracellular-to-interstitial lactate gradient in BFR-leg (-3 ± 4 vs 6 ± 6 mmol·L-1 ; P < .05). In recovery from Ex90, net lactate-dependent H+ efflux decreased in BFR-leg with INT (P < .05 vs CON-leg) owing to lowered muscle lactate production (~58% vs CON-leg, P < .05). Net H+ gradient was not different between legs (~19%, P > .05; BFR-leg: 48 ± 30; CON-leg: 44 ± 23; mmol·L-1 ). In BFR-leg, NHE1 density was higher than in CON-leg (~45%; P < .05) and correlated with total-net H+ -release (r = 0.71; P = .031) and lactate-independent H+ release (r = 0.74; P = .023) after INT, where arterial [ HCO 3 - ] and standard base excess in Ex25 were higher in BFR-leg than CON-leg. CONCLUSION Compared to a training control, BFR-interval training increases the capacity for pH regulation during dynamic exercise mainly via enhancement of muscle lactate-dependent H+ -transport function and blood H+ -buffering capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Christiansen
- Section of Integrative Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Kasper Eibye
- Section of Integrative Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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Ferguson RA, Mitchell EA, Taylor CW, Bishop DJ, Christiansen D. Blood-flow-restricted exercise: Strategies for enhancing muscle adaptation and performance in the endurance-trained athlete. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:837-860. [PMID: 33486814 DOI: 10.1113/ep089280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Blood-flow-restricted (BFR) exercise represents a potential approach to augment the adaptive response to training and improve performance in endurance-trained individuals. What advances does it highlight? When combined with low-load resistance exercise, low- and moderate-intensity endurance exercise and sprint interval exercise, BFR can provide an augmented acute stimulus for angiogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. These augmented acute responses can translate into enhanced capillary supply and mitochondrial function, and subsequent endurance-type performance, although this might depend on the nature of the exercise stimulus. There is a requirement to clarify whether BFR training interventions can be used by high-performance endurance athletes within their structured training programme. ABSTRACT A key objective of the training programme for an endurance athlete is to optimize the underlying physiological determinants of performance. Training-induced adaptations are governed by physiological and metabolic stressors, which initiate transcriptional and translational signalling cascades to increase the abundance and/or function of proteins to improve physiological function. One important consideration is that training adaptations are reduced as training status increases, which is reflected at the molecular level as a blunting of the acute signalling response to exercise. This review examines blood-flow-restricted (BFR) exercise as a strategy for augmenting exercise-induced stressors and subsequent molecular signalling responses to enhance the physiological characteristics of the endurance athlete. Focus is placed on the processes of capillary growth and mitochondrial biogenesis. Recent evidence supports that BFR exercise presents an intensified training stimulus beyond that of performing the same exercise alone. We suggest that this has the potential to induce enhanced physiological adaptations, including increases in capillary supply and mitochondrial function, which can contribute to an improvement in performance of endurance exercise. There is, however, a lack of consensus regarding the potency of BFR training, which is invariably attributable to the different modes, intensities and durations of exercise and BFR methods. Further studies are needed to confirm its potential in the endurance-trained athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Ferguson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Emma A Mitchell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Conor W Taylor
- Ineos Grenadiers Cycling Team, Bollin House, Wilmslow, UK
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Christiansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Christiansen D, Eibye K, Hostrup M, Bangsbo J. Training with blood flow restriction increases femoral artery diameter and thigh oxygen delivery during knee-extensor exercise in recreationally trained men. J Physiol 2020; 598:2337-2353. [PMID: 32246768 DOI: 10.1113/jp279554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Endurance-type training with blood flow restriction (BFR) increases maximum oxygen uptake ( V ̇ O 2 max ) and exercise endurance of humans. However, the physiological mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain uncertain. In the present study, we show that BFR-interval training reduces the peripheral resistance to oxygen transport during dynamic, submaximal exercise in recreationally-trained men, mainly by increasing convective oxygen delivery to contracting muscles. Accordingly, BFR-training increased oxygen uptake by, and concomitantly reduced net lactate release from, the contracting muscles during relative-intensity-matched exercise, at the same time as invoking a similar increase in diffusional oxygen conductance compared to the training control. Only BFR-training increased resting femoral artery diameter, whereas increases in oxygen transport and uptake were dissociated from changes in the skeletal muscle content of mitochondrial electron-transport proteins. Thus, physically trained men benefit from BFR-interval training by increasing leg convective oxygen transport and reducing lactate release, thereby improving the potential for increasing the percentage of V ̇ O 2 max that can be sustained throughout exercise. ABSTRACT In the present study, we investigated the effect of training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on thigh oxygen transport and uptake, and lactate release, during exercise. Ten recreationally-trained men (50 ± 5 mL kg-1 min-1 ) completed 6 weeks of interval cycling with one leg under BFR (BFR-leg; pressure: ∼180 mmHg) and the other leg without BFR (CON-leg). Before and after the training intervention (INT), thigh oxygen delivery, extraction, uptake, diffusion capacity and lactate release were determined during knee-extensor exercise at 25% incremental peak power output (iPPO) (Ex1), followed by exercise to exhaustion at 90% pre-training iPPO (Ex2), by measurement of femoral-artery blood flow and femoral-arterial and -venous blood sampling. A muscle biopsy was obtained from legs before and after INT to determine mitochondrial electron-transport protein content. Femoral-artery diameter was also measured. In the BFR-leg, after INT, oxygen delivery and uptake were higher, and net lactate release was lower, during Ex1 (vs. CON-leg; P < 0.05), with an 11% larger increase in workload (vs. CON-leg; P < 0.05). During Ex2, after INT, oxygen delivery was higher, and oxygen extraction was lower, in the BFR-leg compared to the CON-leg (P < 0.05), resulting in an unaltered oxygen uptake (vs. CON-leg; P > 0.05). In the CON-leg, at both intensities, oxygen delivery, extraction, uptake and lactate release remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Resting femoral artery diameter increased with INT only in the BFR-leg (∼4%; P < 0.05). Oxygen diffusion capacity was similarly raised in legs (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial protein content remained unchanged in legs (P > 0.05). Thus, BFR-interval training enhances oxygen utilization by, and lowers lactate release from, submaximally-exercising muscles of recreationally-trained men mainly by increasing leg convective oxygen transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Christiansen
- Section of Integrative Physiology. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Eibye
- Section of Integrative Physiology. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Christiansen D, Eibye KH, Hostrup M, Bangsbo J. Blood flow-restricted training enhances thigh glucose uptake during exercise and muscle antioxidant function in humans. Metabolism 2019; 98:1-15. [PMID: 31199953 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of blood-flow-restricted (BFR)-training on thigh glucose uptake at rest and during exercise in humans and the muscular mechanisms involved. Ten active men (~25 y; VO2max ~50 mL/kg/min) completed six weeks of training, where one leg trained with BFR (cuff pressure: ~180 mmHg) and the other leg without BFR. Before and after training, thigh glucose uptake was determined at rest and during exercise at 25% and 90% of leg incremental peak power output by sampling of femoral arterial and venous blood and measurement of femoral arterial blood flow. Furthermore, resting muscle samples were collected. After training, thigh glucose uptake during exercise was higher than before training only in the BFR-trained leg (p < 0.05) due to increased glucose extraction (p < 0.05). Further, BFR-training substantially improved time to exhaustion during exhaustive exercise (11 ± 5% vs. CON-leg; p = 0.001). After but not before training, NAC infusion attenuated (~50-100%) leg net glucose uptake and extraction during exercise only in the BFR-trained leg, which coincided with an increased muscle abundance of Cu/Zn-SOD (39%), GPX-1 (29%), GLUT4 (28%), and nNOS (18%) (p < 0.05). Training did not affect Mn-SOD, catalase, and VEGF abundance in either leg (p > 0.05), although Mn-SOD was higher in BFR-leg vs. CON-leg after training (p < 0.05). The ratios of p-AMPK-Thr172/AMPK and p-ACC-Ser79/ACC, and p-ACC-Ser79, remained unchanged in both legs (p > 0.05), despite a higher p-AMPK-Thr172 in BFR-leg after training (38%; p < 0.05). In conclusion, BFR-training enhances glucose uptake by exercising muscles in humans probably due to an increase in antioxidant function, GLUT4 abundance, and/or NO availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Christiansen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Kasper H Eibye
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Cagle-Holtcamp K, Nicodemus M, Gilmore A, Christiansen D, Galarneau K, Phillips T, Rude B, Ryan P, Sansing W. Relationship between development of equine knowledge and feelings of emotional safety in college students enrolled in animal science courses. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Christiansen D, MacInnis MJ, Zacharewicz E, Xu H, Frankish BP, Murphy RM. A fast, reliable and sample-sparing method to identify fibre types of single muscle fibres. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6473. [PMID: 31019216 PMCID: PMC6482153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many skeletal muscle proteins are present in a cell-specific or fibre-type dependent manner. Stimuli such as exercise, aging, and disease have been reported to result in fibre-specific responses in protein abundances. Thus, fibre-type-specific determination of the content of specific proteins provides enhanced mechanistic understanding of muscle physiology and biochemistry compared with typically performed whole-muscle homogenate analyses. This analysis, however, is laborious and typically not performed. We present a novel dot blotting method for easy and rapid determination of skeletal muscle fibre type based on myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform presence. Requiring only small amounts of starting muscle tissue (i.e., 2–10 mg wet weight), muscle fibre type is determined in one-tenth of a 1–3-mm fibre segment, with the remainder of each segment pooled with fibre segments of the same type (I or II) for subsequent protein quantification by western blotting. This method, which we validated using standard western blotting, is much simpler and cheaper than previous methods and is adaptable for laboratories routinely performing biochemical analyses. Use of dot blotting for fibre typing will facilitate investigations of fibre-specific responses to diverse stimuli, which will advance our understanding of skeletal muscle physiology and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Christiansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martin J MacInnis
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Evelyn Zacharewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Hongyang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Barnaby P Frankish
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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Christiansen D, Eibye KH, Rasmussen V, Voldbye HM, Thomassen M, Nyberg M, Gunnarsson TGP, Skovgaard C, Lindskrog MS, Bishop DJ, Hostrup M, Bangsbo J. Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K + regulation and alters the effect of anti-oxidant infusion in humans. J Physiol 2019; 597:2421-2444. [PMID: 30843602 DOI: 10.1113/jp277657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Training with blood flow restriction (BFR) is a well-recognized strategy for promoting muscle hypertrophy and strength. However, its potential to enhance muscle function during sustained, intense exercise remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we report that interval training with BFR augments improvements in performance and reduces net K+ release from contracting muscles during high-intensity exercise in active men. A better K+ regulation after BFR-training is associated with an elevated blood flow to exercising muscles and altered muscle anti-oxidant function, as indicated by a higher reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio, compared to control, as well as an increased thigh net K+ release during intense exercise with concomitant anti-oxidant infusion. Training with BFR also invoked fibre type-specific adaptations in the abundance of Na+ ,K+ -ATPase isoforms (α1 , β1 , phospholemman/FXYD1). Thus, BFR-training enhances performance and K+ regulation during intense exercise, which may be a result of adaptations in anti-oxidant function, blood flow and Na+ ,K+ -ATPase-isoform abundance at the fibre-type level. ABSTRACT We examined whether blood flow restriction (BFR) augments training-induced improvements in K+ regulation and performance during intense exercise in men, and also whether these adaptations are associated with an altered muscle anti-oxidant function, blood flow and/or with fibre type-dependent changes in Na+ ,K+ -ATPase-isoform abundance. Ten recreationally-active men (25 ± 4 years, 49.7 ± 5.3 mL kg-1 min-1 ) performed 6 weeks of interval cycling, where one leg trained without BFR (control; CON-leg) and the other trained with BFR (BFR-leg, pressure: ∼180 mmHg). Before and after training, femoral arterial and venous K+ concentrations and artery blood flow were measured during single-leg knee-extensor exercise at 25% (Ex1) and 90% of thigh incremental peak power (Ex2) with i.v. infusion of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or placebo (saline) and a resting muscle biopsy was collected. After training, performance increased more in BFR-leg (23%) than in CON-leg (12%, P < 0.05), whereas K+ release during Ex2 was attenuated only from BFR-leg (P < 0.05). The muscle GSH:GSSG ratio at rest and blood flow during exercise was higher in BFR-leg than in CON-leg after training (P < 0.05). After training, NAC increased resting muscle GSH concentration and thigh net K+ release during Ex2 only in BFR-leg (P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of Na+ ,K+ -ATPase-isoform α1 in type II (51%), β1 in type I (33%), and FXYD1 in type I (108%) and type II (60%) fibres was higher in BFR-leg than in CON-leg (P < 0.05). Thus, training with BFR elicited greater improvements in performance and reduced thigh K+ release during intense exercise, which were associated with adaptations in muscle anti-oxidant function, blood flow and Na+ ,K+ -ATPase-isoform abundance at the fibre-type level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Christiansen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kasper H Eibye
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Villads Rasmussen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans M Voldbye
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Thomassen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas G P Gunnarsson
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Skovgaard
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads S Lindskrog
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Christiansen D. Molecular stressors underlying exercise training-induced improvements in K + regulation during exercise and Na + ,K + -ATPase adaptation in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13196. [PMID: 30288889 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial progress made towards a better understanding of the importance of skeletal muscle K+ regulation for human physical function and its association with several disease states (eg type-II diabetes and hypertension), the molecular basis underpinning adaptations in K+ regulation to various stimuli, including exercise training, remains inadequately explored in humans. In this review, the molecular mechanisms essential for enhancing skeletal muscle K+ regulation and its key determinants, including Na+ ,K+ -ATPase function and expression, by exercise training are examined. Special attention is paid to the following molecular stressors and signaling proteins: oxygenation, redox balance, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant function, Na+ ,K+ , and Ca2+ concentrations, anaerobic ATP turnover, AMPK, lactate, and mRNA expression. On this basis, an update on the effects of different types of exercise training on K+ regulation in humans is provided, focusing on recent discoveries about the muscle fibre-type-dependent regulation of Na+ ,K+ -ATPase-isoform expression. Furthermore, with special emphasis on blood-flow-restricted exercise as an exemplary model to modulate the key molecular mechanisms identified, it is discussed how training interventions may be designed to maximize improvements in K+ regulation in humans. The novel insights gained from this review may help us to better understand how exercise training and other strategies, such as pharmacological interventions, may be best designed to enhance K+ regulation and thus the physical function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Christiansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) Victoria University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Landsem A, Fure H, Krey Ludviksen J, Christiansen D, Lau C, Mathisen M, Bergseth G, Nymo S, Lappegård KT, Woodruff TM, Espevik T, Mollnes TE, Brekke OL. Complement component 5 does not interfere with physiological hemostasis but is essential for Escherichia coli-induced coagulation accompanied by Toll-like receptor 4. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 196:97-110. [PMID: 30444525 PMCID: PMC6422650 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close cross-talk between complement, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and coagulation. The role of the central complement component 5 (C5) in physiological and pathophysiological hemostasis has not, however, been fully elucidated. This study examined the effects of C5 in normal hemostasis and in Escherichia coli-induced coagulation and tissue factor (TF) up-regulation. Fresh whole blood obtained from six healthy donors and one C5-deficient individual (C5D) was anti-coagulated with the thrombin inhibitor lepirudin. Blood was incubated with or without E. coli in the presence of the C5 inhibitor eculizumab, a blocking anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD14) or the TLR-4 inhibitor eritoran. C5D blood was reconstituted with purified human C5. TF mRNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and monocyte TF and CD11b surface expression by flow cytometry. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PTF1·2) in plasma and microparticles exposing TF (TF-MP) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Coagulation kinetics were analyzed by rotational thromboelastometry and platelet function by PFA-200. Normal blood with eculizumab as well as C5D blood with or without reconstitution with C5 displayed completely normal biochemical hemostatic patterns. In contrast, E. coli-induced TF mRNA and TF-MP were significantly reduced by C5 inhibition. C5 inhibition combined with anti-CD14 or eritoran completely inhibited the E. coli-induced monocyte TF, TF-MP and plasma PTF1·2. Addition of C5a alone did not induce TF expression on monocytes. In conclusion, C5 showed no impact on physiological hemostasis, but substantially contributed to E. coli-induced procoagulant events, which were abolished by the combined inhibition of C5 and CD14 or TLR-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Landsem
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Fure
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - J Krey Ludviksen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - D Christiansen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - C Lau
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - M Mathisen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - G Bergseth
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - S Nymo
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - K T Lappegård
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - T M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - T Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - O-L Brekke
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Christiansen D, Murphy RM, Bangsbo J, Stathis CG, Bishop DJ. Increased FXYD1 and PGC-1α mRNA after blood flow-restricted running is related to fibre type-specific AMPK signalling and oxidative stress in human muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13045. [PMID: 29383885 PMCID: PMC5969286 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study explored the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) on mRNA responses of PGC‐1α (total, 1α1, and 1α4) and Na+,K+‐ATPase isoforms (NKA; α1‐3, β1‐3, and FXYD1) to an interval running session and determined whether these effects were related to increased oxidative stress, hypoxia, and fibre type‐specific AMPK and CaMKII signalling, in human skeletal muscle. Methods In a randomized, crossover fashion, 8 healthy men (26 ± 5 year and 57.4 ± 6.3 mL kg−1 min−1) completed 3 exercise sessions: without (CON) or with blood flow restriction (BFR), or in systemic hypoxia (HYP, ~3250 m). A muscle sample was collected before (Pre) and after exercise (+0 hour, +3 hours) to quantify mRNA, indicators of oxidative stress (HSP27 protein in type I and II fibres, and catalase and HSP70 mRNA), metabolites, and α‐AMPK Thr172/α‐AMPK, ACC Ser221/ACC, CaMKII Thr287/CaMKII, and PLBSer16/PLB ratios in type I and II fibres. Results Muscle hypoxia (assessed by near‐infrared spectroscopy) was matched between BFR and HYP, which was higher than CON (~90% vs ~70%; P < .05). The mRNA levels of FXYD1 and PGC‐1α isoforms (1α1 and 1α4) increased in BFR only (P < .05) and were associated with increases in indicators of oxidative stress and type I fibre ACC Ser221/ACC ratio, but dissociated from muscle hypoxia, lactate, and CaMKII signalling. Conclusion Blood flow restriction augmented exercise‐induced increases in muscle FXYD1 and PGC‐1α mRNA in men. This effect was related to increased oxidative stress and fibre type‐dependent AMPK signalling, but unrelated to the severity of muscle hypoxia, lactate accumulation, and modulation of fibre type‐specific CaMKII signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Christiansen
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - R. M. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science; La Trobe University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - J. Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS); University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - C. G. Stathis
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - D. J. Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences; Edith Cowan University; Perth WA Australia
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Christiansen D, Bishop DJ, Broatch JR, Bangsbo J, McKenna MJ, Murphy RM. Cold-water immersion after training sessions: effects on fiber type-specific adaptations in muscle K + transport proteins to sprint-interval training in men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:429-444. [PMID: 29745801 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00259.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of regular use of cold-water immersion (CWI) on fiber type-specific adaptations in muscle K+ transport proteins to intense training, along with their relationship to changes in mRNA levels after the first training session, were investigated in humans. Nineteen recreationally active men (24 ± 6 yr, 79.5 ± 10.8 kg, 44.6 ± 5.8 ml·kg-1·min-1) completed six weeks of sprint-interval cycling, either without (passive rest; CON) or with training sessions followed by CWI (15 min at 10°C; COLD). Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after training to determine abundance of Na+, K+-ATPase isoforms (α1-3, β1-3) and phospholemman (FXYD1) and after recovery treatments (+0 h and +3 h) on the first day of training to measure mRNA content. Training increased ( P < 0.05) the abundance of α1 and β3 in both fiber types and β1 in type-II fibers and decreased FXYD1 in type-I fibers, whereas α2 and α3 abundance was not altered by training ( P > 0.05). CWI after each session did not influence responses to training ( P > 0.05). However, α2 mRNA increased after the first session in COLD (+0 h, P < 0.05) but not in CON ( P > 0.05). In both conditions, α1 and β3 mRNA increased (+3 h; P < 0.05) and β2 mRNA decreased (+3 h; P < 0.05), whereas α3, β1, and FXYD1 mRNA remained unchanged ( P > 0.05) after the first session. In summary, Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms are differently regulated in type I and II muscle fibers by sprint-interval training in humans, which, for most isoforms, do not associate with changes in mRNA levels after the first training session. CWI neither impairs nor improves protein adaptations to intense training of importance for muscle K+ regulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although cold-water immersion (CWI) after training and competition has become a routine for many athletes, limited published evidence exists regarding its impact on training adaptation. Here, we show that CWI can be performed regularly without impairing training-induced adaptations at the fiber-type level important for muscle K+ handling. Furthermore, sprint-interval training invoked fiber type-specific adaptations in K+ transport proteins, which may explain the dissociated responses of whole-muscle protein levels and K+ transport function to training previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Christiansen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University , Perth, Western Australia , Australia
| | - James R Broatch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Michael J McKenna
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
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Skjeflo EW, Christiansen D, Fure H, Ludviksen JK, Woodruff TM, Espevik T, Nielsen EW, Brekke OL, Mollnes TE. Staphylococcus aureus-induced complement activation promotes tissue factor-mediated coagulation. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:905-918. [PMID: 29437288 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Complement, Toll-like receptors and coagulation cross-talk in the process of thromboinflammation. This is explored in a unique human whole-blood model of S. aureus bacteremia. Coagulation is here shown as a downstream event of C5a-induced tissue factor (TF) production. Combined inhibition of C5 and CD14 efficiently attenuated TF and coagulation. SUMMARY Background There is extensive cross-talk between the complement system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and hemostasis. Consumptive coagulopathy is a hallmark of sepsis, and is often mediated through increased tissue factor (TF) expression. Objectives To study the relative roles of complement, TLRs and TF in Staphylococcus aureus-induced coagulation. Methods Lepirudin-anticoagulated human whole blood was incubated with the three S. aureus strains Cowan, Wood, and Newman. C3 was inhibited with compstatin, C5 with eculizumab, C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) and activated factor XII with peptide inhibitors, CD14, TLR2 and TF with neutralizing antibodies, and TLR4 with eritoran. Complement activation was measured by ELISA. Coagulation was measured according to prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (PTF1 + 2 ) determined with ELISA, and TF mRNA, monocyte surface expression and functional activity were measured with quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA, respectively. Results All three strains generated substantial and statistically significant amounts of C5a, terminal complement complex, PTF1 + 2 , and TF mRNA, and showed substantial TF surface expression on monocytes and TF functional activity. Inhibition of C5 cleavage most efficiently and significantly inhibited all six markers in strains Cowan and Wood, and five markers in Newman. The effect of complement inhibition was shown to be completely dependent on C5aR1. The C5 blocking effect was equally potentiated when combined with blocking of CD14 or TLR2, but not TLR4. TF blocking significantly reduced PTF1 + 2 levels to baseline levels. Conclusions S. aureus-induced coagulation in human whole blood was mainly attributable to C5a-induced mRNA upregulation, monocyte TF expression, and plasma TF activity, thus underscoring complement as a key player in S. aureus-induced coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Skjeflo
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - H Fure
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - J K Ludviksen
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - T M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Espevik
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E W Nielsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - O L Brekke
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - T E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K. G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Christiansen D, Bangsbo J. Blood-flow-restricted Training Augments Improvements In Muscle K+ Handling, Antioxidant Capacity And Exercise Performance In Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536036.04481.b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Skovgaard C, Christiansen D, Christensen PM, Almquist NW, Thomassen M, Bangsbo J. Effect of speed endurance training and reduced training volume on running economy and single muscle fiber adaptations in trained runners. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13601. [PMID: 29417745 PMCID: PMC5803184 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether improved running economy with a period of speed endurance training and reduced training volume could be related to adaptations in specific muscle fibers. Twenty trained male (n = 14) and female (n = 6) runners (maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 -max): 56.4 ± 4.6 mL/min/kg) completed a 40-day intervention with 10 sessions of speed endurance training (5-10 × 30-sec maximal running) and a reduced (36%) volume of training. Before and after the intervention, a muscle biopsy was obtained at rest, and an incremental running test to exhaustion was performed. In addition, running at 60% vVO2 -max, and a 10-km run was performed in a normal and a muscle slow twitch (ST) glycogen-depleted condition. After compared to before the intervention, expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) was lower (P < 0.05) and dystrophin was higher (P < 0.05) in ST muscle fibers, and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 (SERCA1) was lower (P < 0.05) in fast twitch muscle fibers. Running economy at 60% vVO2 -max (11.6 ± 0.2 km/h) and at v10-km (13.7 ± 0.3 km/h) was ~2% better (P < 0.05) after the intervention in the normal condition, but unchanged in the ST glycogen-depleted condition. Ten kilometer performance was improved (P < 0.01) by 3.2% (43.7 ± 1.0 vs. 45.2 ± 1.2 min) and 3.9% (45.8 ± 1.2 vs. 47.7 ± 1.3 min) in the normal and the ST glycogen-depleted condition, respectively. VO2 -max was the same, but vVO2 -max was 2.0% higher (P < 0.05; 19.3 ± 0.3 vs. 18.9 ± 0.3 km/h) after than before the intervention. Thus, improved running economy with intense training may be related to changes in expression of proteins linked to energy consuming processes in primarily ST muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Skovgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Team Danmark (Danish Elite Sports Organization)CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Danny Christiansen
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Peter M. Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Team Danmark (Danish Elite Sports Organization)CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nicki W. Almquist
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Martin Thomassen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Dahl J, Nymo S, Pettersen K, Ludviksen J, Christiansen D, Taylor R, Mollnes T, Brekke O. Binding to complement receptor 1 affects the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in fresh human whole blood. Mol Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Landsem A, Fure H, Ludviksen J, Christiansen D, Mathisen M, Bergseth G, Nymo S, Lappegaard K, Espevik T, Mollnes T, Brekke O. Complement C5, phagocytosis and Toll-like receptor 4 play key roles in Escherichia coli- induced surface expression of tissue factor on human monocytes. Mol Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Earnest-Silveira L, Chua B, Chin R, Christiansen D, Johnson D, Herrmann S, Ralph SA, Vercauteren K, Mesalam A, Meuleman P, Das S, Boo I, Drummer H, Bock CT, Gowans EJ, Jackson DC, Torresi J. Characterization of a hepatitis C virus-like particle vaccine produced in a human hepatocyte-derived cell line. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1865-1876. [PMID: 27147296 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective immune response against hepatitis C virus (HCV) requires the early development of multi-specific class 1 CD8+ and class II CD4+ T-cells together with broad neutralizing antibody responses. We have produced mammalian-cell-derived HCV virus-like particles (VLPs) incorporating core, E1 and E2 of HCV genotype 1a to produce such immune responses. Here we describe the biochemical and morphological characterization of the HCV VLPs and study HCV core-specific T-cell responses to the particles. The E1 and E2 glycoproteins in HCV VLPs formed non-covalent heterodimers and together with core protein assembled into VLPs with a buoyant density of 1.22 to 1.28 g cm-3. The HCV VLPs could be immunoprecipited with anti-ApoE and anti-ApoC. On electron microscopy, the VLPs had a heterogeneous morphology and ranged in size from 40 to 80 nm. The HCV VLPs demonstrated dose-dependent binding to murine-derived dendritic cells and the entry of HCV VLPs into Huh7 cells was blocked by anti-CD81 antibody. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with HCV VLPs purified from iodixanol gradients resulted in the production of neutralizing antibody responses while vaccination of humanized MHC class I transgenic mice resulted in the prodution of HCV core-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Furthermore, IgG purified from the sera of patients chronically infected with HCV genotypes 1a and 3a blocked the binding and entry of the HCV VLPs into Huh7 cells. These results show that our mammalian-cell-derived HCV VLPs induce humoral and HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and will have important implications for the development of a preventative vaccine for HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Earnest-Silveira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - B Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - R Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - D Christiansen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - S Herrmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - S A Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Vercauteren
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Mesalam
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Meuleman
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - I Boo
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Drummer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - C-T Bock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - E J Gowans
- The Basil Hetzel Institute and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - D C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Landsem A, Fure H, Christiansen D, Nielsen EW, Østerud B, Mollnes TE, Brekke OL. The key roles of complement and tissue factor in Escherichia coli-induced coagulation in human whole blood. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 182:81-9. [PMID: 26241501 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system and the Toll-like (TLR) co-receptor CD14 play important roles in innate immunity and sepsis. Tissue factor (TF) is a key initiating component in intravascular coagulation in sepsis, and long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) enhances the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced transcription of TF. The aim of this study was to study the mechanism by which complement and CD14 affects LPS- and Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced coagulation in human blood. Fresh whole blood was anti-coagulated with lepirudin, and incubated with ultra-purified LPS (100 ng/ml) or with E. coli (1 × 10(7) /ml). Inhibitors and controls included the C3 blocking peptide compstatin, an anti-CD14 F(ab')2 antibody and a control F(ab')2 . TF mRNA was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and monocyte TF surface expression by flow cytometry. TF functional activity in plasma microparticles was measured using an amidolytic assay. Prothrombin fragment F 1+2 (PTF1.2) and PTX3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of TF was examined using an anti-TF blocking antibody. E. coli increased plasma PTF1.2 and PTX3 levels markedly. This increase was reduced by 84->99% with compstatin, 55-97% with anti-CD14 and > 99% with combined inhibition (P < 0·05 for all). The combined inhibition was significantly (P < 0·05) more efficient than compstatin and anti-CD14 alone. The LPS- and E. coli-induced TF mRNA levels, monocyte TF surface expression and TF functional activity were reduced by > 99% (P < 0·05) with combined C3 and CD14 inhibition. LPS- and E. coli-induced PTF1.2 was reduced by 76-81% (P < 0·05) with anti-TF antibody. LPS and E. coli activated the coagulation system by a complement- and CD14-dependent up-regulation of TF, leading subsequently to prothrombin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Landsem
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Fure
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - D Christiansen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - E W Nielsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Anesthesiology, Nordland Hospital and University of Nordland, Norway
| | - B Østerud
- K. G. Jebsen TREC, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - T E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen TREC, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - O L Brekke
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Bishop D, Christiansen D, Bartlett J, Gardner D, Craigon J, Goodall S, Thomas K, Temesi J, Millet GY, Cattagni T, Lepers R, Deaner RO, Guenette JA, Pageaux B, Lepers R, Lepers R, Stapley PJ, Cattagni T, Sparling PB, Santos-Lozano A, Garatachea N, Sanchis-Gomar F, Pareja-Galeano H, Fiuza-Luces C, Lucia A, Ward SA. Commentaries on Viewpoint: The two-hour marathon: what's the equivalent for women? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1324-8. [PMID: 25979937 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00158.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - Danny Christiansen
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Bartlett
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - David Gardner
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Craigon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - John Temesi
- Human Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, Canada
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Human Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, Canada
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - Romuald Lepers
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - Robert O Deaner
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan A Guenette
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - Romuald Lepers
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | - Romuald Lepers
- INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, France
| | - Paul J Stapley
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, France
| | - Phillip B Sparling
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nuria Garatachea
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, Spain Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain
| | | | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, Spain European University Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, Spain European University Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, Spain European University Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan A Ward
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) Victoria University, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science The University of NottinghamFaculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle, United KingdomHuman Performance Laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceDepartment of Psychology Grand Valley State University Allendale, MichiganCentre for Heart Lung Innovation and Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, BC, CanadaINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceINSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Burgundy Dijon, FranceNeural Control of Movement Laboratory School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance EA 4234 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes, FranceSchool of Applied Physiology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GeorgiaResearch Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12") Madrid, SpainFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Zaragoza Huesca, Spain European University Madrid, SpainHuman Bio-Energetics Research Centre Crickhowell, Powys, United Kingdom
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Brekke OL, Landsem A, Fure H, Christiansen D, Waage-Nielsen E, Lambris J, Mollnes T. Key role of tissue factor in complement-mediated coagulation activation by Escherichia coli and LPS. Mol Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Landsem A, Nielsen EW, Fure H, Christiansen D, Ludviksen JK, Lambris JD, Østerud B, Mollnes TE, Brekke OL. C1-inhibitor efficiently inhibits Escherichia coli-induced tissue factor mRNA up-regulation, monocyte tissue factor expression and coagulation activation in human whole blood. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:217-29. [PMID: 23607270 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the complement system and tissue factor (TF), a key initiating component of coagulation, are activated in sepsis, and cross-talk occurs between the complement and coagulation systems. C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) can act as a regulator in both systems. Our aim in this study was to examine this cross-talk by investigating the effects of C1-INH on Escherichia coli-induced haemostasis and inflammation. Fresh human whole blood collected in lepirudin was incubated with E. coli or ultrapurified E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the absence or presence of C1-INH or protease-inactivated C1-INH. C3 activation was blocked by compstatin, a specific C3 convertase inhibitor. TF mRNA was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and TF surface expression was measured by flow cytometry. In plasma, the terminal complement complex, prothrombin F1·2 (PTF1·2) and long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytokines were analysed using a multiplex kit. C1-INH (1·25-5 mg/ml) reduced both LPS- and E. coli-induced coagulation, measured as a reduction of PTF1·2 in plasma, efficiently and dose-dependently (P < 0·05). Both LPS and E. coli induced marked up-regulation of TF mRNA levels and surface expression on whole blood monocytes. This up-regulation was reduced efficiently by treatment with C1-INH (P < 0·05). C1-INH reduced the release of PTX3 (P < 0·05) and virtually all cytokines measured (P < 0·05). Complement activation was inhibited more efficiently with compstatin than with C1-INH. C1-INH inhibited most of the other readouts more efficiently, consistent with additional non-complement-dependent effects. These results indicate that complement plays a role in activating coagulation during sepsis and that C1-INH is a broad-spectrum attenuator of the inflammatory and haemostatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Landsem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
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Gunnarsson TP, Christensen PM, Holse K, Christiansen D, Bangsbo J. Effect of additional speed endurance training on performance and muscle adaptations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 44:1942-8. [PMID: 22617392 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31825ca446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examined the effect of additional speed endurance training (SET) during the season on muscle adaptations and performance of trained soccer players. METHODS Eighteen subelite soccer players performed one session with six to nine 30-s intervals at an intensity of 90%-95% of maximal intensity (SET) a week for 5 wk (SET intervention). Before and after the SET intervention, the players carried out the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) test, a sprint test (10 and 30 m), and an agility test. In addition, seven of the players had a resting muscle biopsy specimen taken and they carried out a running protocol on a motorized treadmill before and after the SET intervention. RESULTS After the SET intervention, the Yo-Yo IR2 test (n = 13) performance was 11% better (P < 0.05), whereas sprint (n = 15) and agility (n = 13) performances were unchanged. The expression of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (n = 6) was 9% higher (P < 0.05). and the expression of the Na(+)/K(+) pump subunit β(1) (n = 6) was 13% lower (P < 0.05) after the SET intervention. The Na(+)/K(+) pump subunits α(1), α(2), as well as the monocarboxylate transporter 4 and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 (n = 6) were unchanged. After the SET intervention, the relative number of Type IIx fibers and oxygen consumption at 10 km.h(-1) were lower (P < 0.05), whereas VO(2max) was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, adding ∼30 min of SET once a week during the season for trained soccer players did lead to an improved ability to perform repeated high-intensity exercise, with a concomitant increase in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and an improved running economy.
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Brekke OL, Waage C, Christiansen D, Fure H, Qu H, Lambris JD, Østerud B, Nielsen EW, Mollnes TE. The effects of selective complement and CD14 inhibition on the E. coli-induced tissue factor mRNA upregulation, monocyte tissue factor expression, and tissue factor functional activity in human whole blood. Adv Exp Med Biol 2013; 735:123-36. [PMID: 23402023 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4118-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement pathway and CD14 play essential roles in inflammation, but little is known about the relative roles of complement and CD14 in E. coli-induced tissue factor (TF) mRNA upregulation, expression by monocytes, and functional activity in human whole blood. METHODS Whole E. coli bacteria were incubated for up to 4 h in human whole blood containing the anticoagulant lepirudin, which does not affect complement activation. TF mRNA levels were analyzed using reverse transcription, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), and the expression of TF on the cell surface was analyzed using flow cytometry. Complement was selectively inhibited using the C3 convertase inhibitor compstatin or a C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRa), while CD14 was blocked by an anti-CD14 F(ab')2 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS The E. coli-induced TF mRNA upregulation was reduced to virtually background levels by compstatin, whereas anti-CD14 had no effect. Monocyte TF expression and TF activity in plasma microparticles were significantly reduced by C5aRa. Anti-CD14 alone only slightly reduced E. coli-induced monocyte TF expression but showed a modest additive effect when combined with the complement inhibitors. Inhibiting complement and CD14 efficiently reduced the expression of the E. coli-induced cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and platelet-derived growth factor bb. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that E. coli-induced TF mRNA upregulation is mainly dependent on complement activation, while CDI4 plays a modest role in monocyte TF expression and the plasma TF activity in human whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Brekke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, N-8092, Norway
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27
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Christiansen D, Brekke OL, Stenvik J, Lambris JD, Espevik T, Mollnes TE. Differential effect of inhibiting MD-2 and CD14 on LPS- versus whole E. coli bacteria-induced cytokine responses in human blood. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012; 946:237-51. [PMID: 21948372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0106-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a major world-wide medical problem with high morbidity and mortality. Gram-negative bacteria are among the most important pathogens of sepsis and their LPS content is regarded to be important for the systemic inflammatory reaction. The CD14/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2)/TLR4 complex plays a major role in the immune response to LPS . The aim of this study was to compare the effects of inhibiting MD-2 and CD14 on ultra-pure LPS - versus whole E. coli bacteria-induced responses. METHODS Fresh human whole blood was incubated with upLPS or whole E. coli bacteria in the presence of MD-2 or CD14 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, or their respective controls, and/or the specific complement-inhibitor compstatin. Cytokines were measured by a multiplex (n = 27) assay. NFκB activity was examined in cells transfected with CD14, MD-2 and/or Toll-like receptors. RESULTS LPS-induced cytokine response was efficiently and equally abolished by MD-2 and CD14 neutralization. In contrast, the response induced by whole E. coli bacteria was only modestly reduced by MD-2 neutralization, whereas CD14 neutralization was more efficient. Combination with compstatin enhanced the effect of MD-2 neutralization slightly. When compstatin was combined with CD14 neutralization, however, the response was virtually abolished for all cytokines, including IL-17, which was only inhibited by this combination. The MD-2-independent effect observed for CD14 could not be explained by TLR2 signaling. CONCLUSION Inhibition of CD14 is more efficient than inhibition of MD-2 on whole E. coli-induced cytokine response, suggesting CD14 to be a better target for intervention in Gram-negative sepsis, in particular when combined with complement inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Christiansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.
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Brekke O, Christiansen D, Gay BD, Fure H, Reveil B, Kisserli A, Mollnes T, Cohen J. Key role of the number of erythrocyte CR1 on the initial erythrocyte binding, phagocytosis and oxidative burst by Escherichia coli in human whole blood. Mol Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.06.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ludviksen J, Hennø L, Brekke O, Christiansen D, Fure H, Nielsen E, Mollnes T. Elevated cytokine concentrations in serum compared to plasma samples from healthy humans is not explained by in vitro complement activation. Mol Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Christiansen D, Brekke O, Stenvik J, Lambris J, Espevik T, Mollnes T. Differential effect of inhibiting MD-2 and CD14 on LPS- versus whole E. coli bacteria-induced cytokine responses in human blood. Mol Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lin WX, Christiansen D, Roberts MA, Sandrin MS, Ierino F. IMMUNO-MONITORING OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD T REGULATORY CELLS IN RENAL & LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS POST-TRANSPLANTATION. Transplantation 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201007272-00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Henry S, Christiansen D, Kazmier F, Besch-Williford C, Concannon M. The protective effect of amifostine on ultraviolet B-exposed xeroderma pigmentosum mice. Ecancermedicalscience 2010; 4:176. [PMID: 22276030 PMCID: PMC3234034 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2010.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Amifostine is a pharmaceutical agent that is used clinically to counteract the side-effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It acts as a free radical scavenger that protects against harmful DNA cross-linking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of amifostine on the development of skin cancer in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) mice exposed to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). Methods: Twenty-five XP mice were equally divided into five groups. Group 1 (control) received no amifostine and no UVB exposure. Group 2 also received no amifostine, but was exposed to UVB at a dose of 200 mJ/cm2 every other day. The remaining groups were subjected to the same irradiation, but were given amifostine at a dose of 50 mg/kg (group 3), 100 mg/kg (group 4), or 200 mg/kg (group 5) immediately prior to each exposure. Results: No tumours were seen in the control group. The animals in group 2 (no amifostine) developed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at 3.5–4.5 months (mean 3.9 months). Groups 3 and 4 (low- and medium-dose amifostine) developed SCC at 4.0–7.0 months (mean 5.3 months), representing a statistically significant delay in tumour presentation (p = 0.04). An even greater delay was seen in group 5 (high-dose amifostine), which developed SCC at 7.0–9.0 months (mean 8.5 months, p < 0.001 versus groups 3 and 4). Ocular keratitis developed in all animals except the unexposed controls and the high-dose treatment group. Conclusion: Treatment with amifostine significantly delays the onset of skin cancer and prevents ocular keratitis in UVB-exposed XP mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sl Henry
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Missouri, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, USA
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Lappegård K, Christiansen D, Fadnes D, Abrahamsen T, Salvesen B, Lambris J, Mollnes T. Complement is essential for phenotypic shift of leukocytes to a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state in a whole blood model of sepsis: Evidence from genetically complement-deficient patients. Mol Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Mammals elastically store energy in leg and foot tendons during locomotion. In the turkey, much of the force generated by the gastrocnemius muscle is stored as elastic energy during tendon deformation and not within the muscle. During growth, avian tendons mineralize in the portions distal to the muscle and show increased tensile strength and modulus as a result. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viscoelastic behavior of turkey tendons and self-assembled collagen fiber models to determine the molecular basis for tendon deformation. The stress-strain behavior of tendons and self-assembled collagen fibers was broken into elastic and viscous components. The elastic component was found to be to a first approximation independent of source of the collagen and to depend only on the extent of cross-linking. In the absence of cross-links the elastic component of the stress was found to be negligible for self-assembled type I collagen fibers. In the presence of cross-links the behavior approached that found for mineralized turkey tendons. The elastic constant for turkey tendon was shown to be between 5 and 7.75 GPa while it was about 6.43 GPa for self-assembled collagen fibers aged for 6 months at 22 degrees C. The viscous component for mineralized turkey tendons was about the same as that of self-assembled collagen fibers aged for 6 months, a result suggesting that addition of mineral does not alter the viscous properties of tendon. It is concluded that elastic energy storage in tendons involves direct stretching of the collagen triple-helix, nonhelical ends, and cross-links between the molecules and is unaffected by mineralization. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that mineralization of turkey tendons is an efficient means of preserving elastic energy storage while providing for increased load-bearing ability required for locomotion of adult birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Silver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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35
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Abstract
Human CD46, or membrane cofactor protein, is a regulator of complement activation and is used as a cellular receptor by measles virus. Using a series of 13 single point mutants, the region of short consensus repeat (SCR) 2 domain involved in the regulation of complement activation was mapped to residues E84, N94, Y98, E102, E103, I104 and E108. Molecular modelling localized all residues, with the exception of E84, close to each other on the external lateral face of the molecule, away from the residues important for the binding of measles virus, which are localized on the top of the molecule. The E84 residues is localized in the SCR1-2 hinge and the deleterious effect of its substitution by an alanine residue could affect the relative orientation and / or tilt of SCR1 on SCR2. Taken together, the results suggest that the measles virus binding and cofactor activity of CD46 map to distinct areas on the SCR2 module.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Christiansen
- Immunité and Infections Virales, V.P.V., CNRS-UCBL UMR 5537, Faculté de Médecine Lyon RTH Laennec, Lyon, France
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Abstract
The human anti-idiotypic antibody 105AD7 was isolated from a colorectal cancer patient receiving the anti-tumor antibody 791T/36 for radioimmuno-scintigraphy of liver metastases. We have mapped the binding site of 791T/36 to the first two small consensus repeat (SCR) domains of the complement regulatory protein (CD55) that is overexpressed by a wide range of solid tumors. Cloning of both antigen and anti-idiotype has identified the molecular basis of their mimicry. Amino acid homology has been identified between three complementarity-determining regions of 105AD7 and three regions of CD55 within the first two SCR domains. 791T/36 and anti-anti-idiotypic (Ab3) polyclonal antibodies raised against 105AD7 showed specific binding to these peptides. The antibodies were also found to bind synergistically to combinations of these peptides, indicating cooperativity between the peptides in stabilizing antibody binding. This also implies that the contact face on both CD55 antigen and 105AD7 is generated by the cooperation of several peptides positioned on two domains in each protein. Thus a human monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody generated by a cancer patient is able to show both amino acid and structural homology with the complement regulatory protein CD55. These findings help identify the mechanism by which a human anti-idiotypic antibody is able to mimic a tumor-associated antigen and stimulate anti-tumor B and T cell responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/chemistry
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/genetics
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- CD55 Antigens/chemistry
- CD55 Antigens/genetics
- CD55 Antigens/immunology
- CHO Cells
- Cloning, Molecular
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy
- Cricetinae
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immune Sera/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Membrane Cofactor Protein
- Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Mimicry
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Radioimmunodetection
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spendlove
- CRC Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, GB.
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37
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Christiansen D, Loveland B, Kyriakou P, Lanteri M, Rubinstein E, Gerlier D. Chimeric CD46/DAF molecules reveal a cryptic functional role for SCR1 of DAF in regulating complement activation. Mol Immunol 2000; 37:687-96. [PMID: 11275254 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(01)00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric proteins using membrane cofactor (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (DAF or CD55) were generated to further investigate the functional domains involved in the regulation of human serum complement. Following activation of the classical pathway, the isolated substitution of CD46 SCR III (x3DAF) exhibited a modest regulatory activity comparable to that of CD46. The isolated substitution of CD46 SCR IV (x4DAF), and the combined CD46 SCR III+IV substitutions (x3/4DAF) were essentially as efficient as DAF. No regulation of C3b deposition was observed with the combined CD46 SCR I+II substitutions (x1/2DAF). When tested after activation of the alternative pathway, both the x3DAF and x3/4DAF chimeras failed to regulate C3b deposition, while the x4DAF chimera still displayed some activity. In contrast to that observed following classical pathway activation, the x1/2DAF chimera exhibited a similar efficiency to wild type CD46 and DAF in controlling C3b deposition. Using SCR specific antibodies, the regulatory activity of the x1/2DAF chimera against the alternative pathway was mapped to the first three distal SCR (i.e. DAF 1, DAF 2 and CD46 III). These data demonstrate that several combinations of SCR domains from two related complement regulators can result in functional molecules, and reveal a novel and cryptic functional role for DAF SCR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Christiansen
- Immunité and Infections Virales, V.P.V., CNRS-UCBL UMR 5537, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, 69372 Cedex 08, Lyon, France
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38
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Christiansen D, Devaux P, Réveil B, Evlashev A, Horvat B, Lamy J, Rabourdin-Combe C, Cohen JH, Gerlier D. Octamerization enables soluble CD46 receptor to neutralize measles virus in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 2000; 74:4672-8. [PMID: 10775604 PMCID: PMC111988 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.10.4672-4678.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A chimeric fusion protein encompassing the CD46 ectodomain linked to the C-terminal part of the C4b binding protein (C4bp) alpha chain (sCD46-C4bpalpha) was produced in eukaryotic cells. This protein, secreted as a disulfide-linked homo-octamer, was recognized by a panel of anti-CD46 antibodies with varying avidities. Unlike monomeric sCD46, the octameric sCD46-C4bpalpha protein was devoid of complement regulatory activity. However, sCD46-C4bpalpha was able to bind to the measles virus hemagglutinin protein expressed on murine cells with a higher avidity than soluble monomeric sCD46. Moreover, the octameric sCD46-C4bpalpha protein was significantly more efficient than monomeric sCD46 in inhibiting virus binding to CD46, in blocking virus induced cell-cell fusion, and in neutralizing measles virus in vitro. In addition, the octameric sCD46-C4bpalpha protein, but not the monomeric sCD46, fully protected CD46 transgenic mice against a lethal intracranial measles virus challenge.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cell Fusion
- Complement Activation
- Complement Inactivator Proteins
- Cricetinae
- Glycoproteins
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/metabolism
- Measles/prevention & control
- Measles virus/immunology
- Measles virus/metabolism
- Membrane Cofactor Protein
- Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neutralization Tests
- Receptors, Complement/chemistry
- Receptors, Complement/genetics
- Receptors, Complement/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- D Christiansen
- Immunité et Infections Virales, IVMC, CNRS-UCBL UMR 5537, F-69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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39
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Christiansen D, Loveland B, Kyriakou P, Lanteri M, Escoffier C, Gerlier D. Interaction of CD46 with measles virus: accessory role of CD46 short consensus repeat IV. J Gen Virol 2000; 81:911-7. [PMID: 10725416 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-4-911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To define further the accessory role(s) of the CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) short consensus repeat (SCR) III and IV domains in the interaction of CD46 with measles virus (MV), chimeric proteins were generated by substituting domains from the structurally related protein decay accelerating factor (DAF, CD55): x3DAF (exchange of CD46 SCR III) and x4DAF (exchange of SCR IV). Transfected CHO cell lines that stably expressed these chimeric proteins were compared for MV binding and infection. Compared with wild-type CD46 (I-II-III-IV), a significant decrease in MV binding was observed with x4DAF. Despite this limited binding, these cells were still capable of supporting virus entry. In a quantitative fusion assay, no significant differences in fusion were observed as a result of the exchange of either CD46 SCR III or IV. However, the down-regulation of cell surface CD46 typically observed following MV infection was abolished with x4DAF, as was the redistribution of CD46 on the cell surface. Thus, CD46 SCR IV appears to be required for optimal virus binding and receptor down-regulation, although importantly, in spite of these functional limitations, x4DAF can still be used for MV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Christiansen
- Immunité et Infections Virales, IVMC, CNRS-UCBL UMR 5537, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France The Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
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40
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Lanteri MB, Powell MS, Christiansen D, Li YQ, Hogarth M, Sandrin MS, Mckenzie IF, Loveland BE. Inhibition of hyperacute transplant rejection by soluble proteins with the functional domains of CD46 and FcgammaRII. Transplantation 2000; 69:1128-36. [PMID: 10762218 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200003270-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant soluble forms of complement regulatory molecules, including the human complement regulatory protein CD46 (rsCD46), have been shown to inhibit hyperacute transplant rejection (HAR) and protect against complement-mediated inflammatory tissue damage. Similarly, recombinant soluble forms of the immunoglobulin receptor FcgammaRII (rsFcgammaRII) can attenuate antibody-mediated inflammatory responses. We have produced and tested the function of novel recombinant chimeric proteins that incorporate the functional domains of both CD46 (membrane cofactor protein, MCP) and the low affinity human IgG receptor FcgammaRII (CD32). METHODS Two recombinant soluble chimeric proteins (CD46:FcR and FcR:CD46) were designed and produced using a human cell expression system. Their ability to protect cells against complement-mediated lysis (through the CD46 domain) and bind human IgG (through the Fc receptor domain) was assessed in vitro. They were also tested in vivo in the rat reverse passive Arthus reaction and a murine model of hyperacute cardiac transplant rejection. RESULTS In vitro, the functional domains of the chimeric proteins each retained their activity. In vivo, the serum half-life of the recombinant chimeric proteins in mice was more than either rsCD46 or rsFcgammaRII. In the rat reverse passive Arthus reaction, intradermal injection of each recombinant protein substantially reduced inflammatory skin edema (>50%) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration (>90%). In the hyperacute rejection model, i.v. treatment with FcR:CD46 prevented complement-mediated rejection, macroscopic bruising, edema, and thrombosis more effectively than rsCD46. CONCLUSIONS CD46/FcgammaRII bifunctional proteins have an improved ability to control complement-mediated hyperacute graft rejection and have therapeutic potential in other conditions involving antibody-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Lanteri
- The Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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41
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Abstract
The tetraspans associate with a large number of surface molecules, including a subset of beta1 integrins and, indirectly through CD19, with the complement receptor CD21. To further characterize the tetraspan complexes we have raised and selected monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for their ability to immunoprecipitate a molecule associated with CD9. A unique mAb was identified which recognizes the complement regulator CD46 (membrane cofactor protein). CD46 associated in part with several tetranspans and with all beta1 integrins that were tested (CD29/CD49a, CD29/CD49b, CD29/CD49c, CD29/CD49e, CD29/CD49f) but not with beta4 integrins. These data, together with cross-linking experiments showing the existence in living cells of CD46/integrin complexes, suggest that CD46 associates directly with beta1 integrins and indirectly with tetraspans. CD46 also acts as a receptor for measles virus; however, mAb to various integrins and tetraspans did not modify the virus fusion entry step.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lozahic
- INSERM U268, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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42
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Mollnes TE, Videm V, Christiansen D, Bergseth G, Riesenfeld J, Hovig T. Platelet compatibility of an artificial surface modified with functionally active heparin. Thromb Haemost 1999; 82:1132-6. [PMID: 10494777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Platelet compatibility after coating an artificial material with functionally active heparin was investigated. Blood was circulated in uncoated or heparin coated PVC tubing. In one hour platelet counts decreased from 155 (113-184)x10(9)/l to 124 (100-148)x10(9)/l with uncoated compared to 164 (132-192)x10(9)/l with heparin coated tubing (intergroup p = 0.02). Beta-thromboglobulin increased from 116 (80-148) microg/l to 1039 (757-1298) microg/l with uncoated and to 352 (229-638) microg/l with heparin coated tubing (intergroup p = 0.005). Platelet counts and beta-thromboglobulin correlated closely with complement activation. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay demonstrated substantial deposition of CD42a/GPIbIX and CD61/GPIIIa on uncoated, but not on heparin coated tubing (intergroup p<0.0005). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated activated platelets and aggregates on uncoated in contrast to heparin coated tubing, where scattered, unactivated platelets were found. Changes in P-selectin and microparticles were minor. In conclusion, this heparin surface substantially improved platelet compatibility. Markers of choice for in vitro evaluation were platelet counts, beta-thromboglobulin and platelet deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Mollnes
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Nordland Central Hospital, Sweden.
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43
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Abstract
C3b and C5b deposition following complement activation, and its regulation by CD46 were studied using xenogenic Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as targets and cytofluorometry. Following activation of the alternative pathway, an initial low level of C3b deposition was observed on CHO cell surfaces after a lag time of approximately 4 min. This was followed by a secondary high level of C3b deposition with a slower rate. C3b deposition was maximal within 15 min. When CD46 was expressed (B2 isoform), the kinetics of C3b deposition were essentially unchanged, but the onset of the secondary high C3b deposition was fully prevented. C5b deposition was also observed on CHO but not on CHO.CD46 cells following activation of the alternative pathway. Activation of the classical pathway on CHO and CHO.CD46 cells, using factor B-depleted human serum and anti-CHO antibodies, resulted in almost identical single-peak C3b deposition profiles. Accordingly, no regulation of C5b deposition by CD46 was evident following activation of the classical pathway. These data indicate that CD46 prevents the C3b deposition amplification loop mediated by the alternative C3 convertase and, consequently, inhibits the formation of the alternative C5 convertase. But CD46 prevents neither the spontaneous tick-over C3b deposition leading to the formation of the alternative C3 convertase nor the formation of the functional classical C3 and C5 convertases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Devaux
- Immunité & Infections Virales, IVMC, CNRS-UCBL UMR 5537, Lyon, France
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44
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Grachek MK, Christiansen D. Quality in an era of cost containment. Balance 1998; 2:20-2. [PMID: 10187161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Grachek
- Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, USA
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45
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Lanteri M, Christiansen D, Hogarth P, McKenzie I, Loveland B. Novel recombinant anti-inflammatory proteins with combined complement regulation & antibody binding activities. Mol Immunol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(98)90688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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46
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Christiansen D. BSN-seeker objects to repeating nursing courses. Am Nurse 1998; 30:4. [PMID: 9526287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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Christiansen D. All diploma nurses lack are the initials BSN. Am Nurse 1997; 29:5. [PMID: 9295437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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48
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Thorley BR, Milland J, Christiansen D, Lanteri MB, McInnes B, Moeller I, Rivailler P, Horvat B, Rabourdin-Combe C, Gerlier D, McKenzie IF, Loveland BE. Transgenic expression of a CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) minigene: studies of xenotransplantation and measles virus infection. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:726-34. [PMID: 9079815 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830270322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) is a human cell-surface regulator of activated complement and a receptor for the measles virus. A CD46 transgenic mouse line with an expression pattern similar to that of human tissues has been produced, to develop an animal model of (i) the control of complement activation by complement regulators in hyperacute rejection of xenografts, and (ii) measles virus infection. The mouse line was made using a CD46 minigene that includes promoter sequence and the first two introns of genomic CD46, which was coinjected into mouse ova with chicken lysozyme matrix attachment region DNA. A high level of CD46 expression in homozygotic transgenic mice was obtained with spleen cells having approximately 75% of the level found on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CD46 was detected in all tissues examined by immunohistochemistry, radioimmunoassay and Western blotting, showing that these mice were suitable for transplantation and measles virus infection studies. It also indicated that the transgene included the important regulatory elements of the CD46 promoter. Transgenic spleen cells were significantly protected in vitro from human complement activated by either the classical or alternative pathways and from alternative pathway rat complement. Furthermore, transgenic mouse hearts transplanted to rats regulated complement deposition in an in vivo model of antibody-dependent hyperacute xenograft rejection. Similar to human lymphocytes, transgenic lymphoblasts could be infected in vitro with measles virus; infected cells expressed viral proteins and produced infectious viral particles. The data demonstrate the suitability of this minigene for obtaining high-level CD46 expression sufficient for enhanced resistance of transgenic cells to complement attack and for obtaining wide tissue distribution of CD46, analogous to human tissues and, therefore, useful for comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Thorley
- The Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
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49
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Devaux P, Loveland B, Christiansen D, Milland J, Gerlier D. Interactions between the ectodomains of haemagglutinin and CD46 as a primary step in measles virus entry. J Gen Virol 1996; 77 ( Pt 7):1477-81. [PMID: 8757989 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-77-7-1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant soluble forms of the ectodomains of measles virus haemagglutinin (sH) and of its receptor CD46 (sCD46) were obtained as a purified disulphide-bonded sH homodimer with an apparent molecular mass of 160 kDa and a purified sCD46 monomer with an apparent molecular mass of 60 kDa, without detectable contamination with moesin. Purified sH bound to purified and immobilized sCD46 and this binding was specifically inhibited by sCD46 in solution. sCD46 bound to wild-type H expressed on the cell surface and inhibited measles virus binding to CD46-expressing cells. Binding of sCD46 to cell surface H was increased about twofold when measles virus fusion protein was coexpressed with H. sH bound to wild-type cell surface CD46 and inhibited measles virus binding onto CD46-expressing cells. sCD46 also inhibited virus infection. Thus, the direct interaction between the ectodomains of H and CD46 is likely to be the primary event in measles virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Devaux
- Immunité et Infections Virales, IVMC, CNRS-UCBL UMR 30, Lyon, France
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50
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Milland J, Christiansen D, Thorley BR, McKenzie IF, Loveland BE. Translation is enhanced after silent nucleotide substitutions in A+T- rich sequences of the coding region of CD46 cDNA. Eur J Biochem 1996; 238:221-30. [PMID: 8665941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0221q.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Specific sequences in the coding region of CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) transcripts have been shown to have a marked effect on translation. Two A+T-rich regions of CD46 cDNA were altered by mutation without changing the CD46 amino acid sequence (silent nucleotide substitution). In one region, the A+T content was reduced from 78% to 55% and in the other a putative polyadenylation addition sequence was disrupted. In each example, mutated sequences transfected into COS-7 cells produced significantly more soluble or cell surface protein (up to a 20-fold increase) than wild-type sequences. The amount of cellular plasmid DNA and CD46 mRNA was not increased, suggesting that the effect was not due to increased transfection efficiency, or transcript synthesis or stability. Biosynthetically labelled transfected cells showed an increase in translation rate but cell-free in vitro translation studies demonstrated that wild-type and mutated transcripts were translated with similar efficiency. The data show that translation of CD46 is affected by specific mRNA coding sequences, 400-540 bases from the initiation codon, and suggest that these sequences require the structural integrity of the cell to exert their effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Milland
- Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
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