1
|
Berger A, Badell E, Åhman J, Matuschek E, Zidane N, Kahlmeter G, Sing A, Brisse S. Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans: development of EUCAST methods and generation of data on which to determine breakpoints. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:968-976. [PMID: 38497937 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based clinical susceptibility breakpoints have been lacking for antimicrobial agents used for diphtheria. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate broth microdilution and disc diffusion methods and create a dataset of MIC values and inhibition zone diameters (ZDs) from which breakpoints could be determined. METHODS We included 400 recent clinical isolates equally distributed by species (Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans) and by national surveillance programmes (France and Germany). Non-duplicate toxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates were chosen to enable the inclusion of a diversity of susceptibility levels for the 13 agents tested. Broth microdilution and disc diffusion, using EUCAST methodology for fastidious organisms, were used. RESULTS The distributions of MIC and ZD values were largely in agreement among methods and countries. Breakpoints to allow categorization of WT isolates as susceptible, i.e. susceptible (S) or susceptible, increased exposure (I) were determined for 12 agents. The data supported a breakpoint for benzylpenicillin and amoxicillin of resistant (R) > 1 mg/L since WT isolates were inhibited by 1 mg/L or less. WT isolates were categorized as I (S ≤ 0.001 mg/L) for benzylpenicillin, emphasizing the need for increased exposure, and S (S ≤ 1 mg/L) for amoxicillin. Erythromycin breakpoints were set at S ≤ 0.06 mg/L and R > 0.06 mg/L. The corresponding ZD breakpoints were determined for all agents except amoxicillin, for which categorization was based on benzylpenicillin results. CONCLUSIONS This work provided a large set of antimicrobial susceptibility data for C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans, using a harmonized methodology. The dataset allowed EUCAST and experts in the diphtheria field to develop evidence-based breakpoints in January 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Berger
- National Consiliary Laboratory for Diphtheria, Bavarian Food and Health Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Jenny Åhman
- EUCAST Development Laboratory (EDL), Växjö, Sweden
| | | | - Nora Zidane
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724, Paris, France
| | | | - Andreas Sing
- National Consiliary Laboratory for Diphtheria, Bavarian Food and Health Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brémont S, Passet V, Hennart M, Fonteneau L, Toubiana J, Badell E, Brisse S. Multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae in people with travel history from West Africa to France, March to September 2023. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2300615. [PMID: 37971662 PMCID: PMC10655204 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.46.2300615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe 10 unlinked cases of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection (nine cutaneous, one respiratory) in France in 2023 in persons travelling from Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Niger or Nigeria and Central African Republic. Four isolates were toxigenic. Seven genomically unrelated isolates were multidrug-resistant, including a toxigenic respiratory isolate with high-level resistance to macrolides and beta-lactams. The high rates of resistance, including against first-line agents, call for further microbiological investigations to guide clinical management and public health response in ongoing West African outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Brémont
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Passet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Hennart
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | | | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
- General pediatric and infectious diseases, Necker-enfants malades hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crestani C, Arcari G, Landier A, Passet V, Garnier D, Brémont S, Armatys N, Carmi-Leroy A, Toubiana J, Badell E, Brisse S. Corynebacterium ramonii sp. nov., a novel toxigenic member of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae species complex. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104113. [PMID: 37572824 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The Corynebacterium diphtheriae species complex comprises seven bacterial species, including Corynebacterium ulcerans, a zoonotic pathogen from multiple animal species. In this work, we characterise phenotypically and genotypically isolates belonging to two C. ulcerans lineages. Results from phylogenetic analyses, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) and MALDI-TOF spectra differentiate lineage 2 from C. ulcerans lineage 1, which, together with their distinct transmission dynamics (probable human-to-human vs animal-to-human), indicates that lineage 2 is a separate Corynebacterium species, which we propose to name Corynebacterium ramonii. This species is of particular medical interest considering that its human-to-human transmission is likely, and that some C. ramonii isolates carry the diphtheria toxin gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Crestani
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.
| | - Gabriele Arcari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annie Landier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Passet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Dorian Garnier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Brémont
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Armatys
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Annick Carmi-Leroy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France; Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garrigos T, Grimal A, Badell E, Traversier N, Picot S, Lignereux A, Ramiandrisoa M, Ben Cimon C, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, Gbaguidi-Haore H, Toubiana J, Brisse S, Miltgen G, Belmonte O. Emerging Corynebacterium diphtheriae Species Complex Infections, Réunion Island, France, 2015-2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1630-1633. [PMID: 37486209 PMCID: PMC10370861 DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.230106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical, epidemiologic, and microbiologic analyses revealed emergence of 26 cases of Corynebacterium diphtheriae species complex infections on Réunion Island, France, during 2015-2020. Isolates were genetically diverse, indicating circulation and local transmission of several diphtheria sublineages. Clinicians should remain aware of the risk for diphtheria and improve diagnostic methods and patient management.
Collapse
|
5
|
Museux K, Arcari G, Rodrigo G, Hennart M, Badell E, Toubiana J, Brisse S. Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae Species Complex in Companion Animals: Clinical and Microbiological Characterization of 64 Cases from France. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0000623. [PMID: 37022195 PMCID: PMC10269909 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00006-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae species complex (CdSC) can cause diphtheria in humans and have been reported from companion animals. We aimed to describe animal infection cases caused by CdSC isolates. A total of 18,308 animals (dogs, cats, horses, and small mammals) with rhinitis, dermatitis, nonhealing wounds, and otitis were sampled in metropolitan France (August 2019 to August 2021). Data on symptoms, age, breed, and the administrative region of origin were collected. Cultured bacteria were analyzed for tox gene presence, production of the diphtheria toxin, and antimicrobial susceptibility and were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. Corynebacterium ulcerans was identified in 51 cases, 24 of which were toxigenic. Rhinitis was the most frequent presentation (18/51). Eleven cases (6 cats, 4 dogs, and 1 rat) were monoinfections. Large-breed dogs, especially German shepherds (9 of 28 dogs; P < 0.00001), were overrepresented. C. ulcerans isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. tox-positive C. diphtheriae was identified in 2 horses. Last, 11 infections cases (9 dogs and 2 cats; mostly chronic otitis and 2 sores) had tox-negative C. rouxii, a recently defined species. C. rouxii and C. diphtheriae isolates were susceptible to most antibiotics tested, and almost all of these infections were polymicrobial. Monoinfections with C. ulcerans point toward a primary pathogenic potential to animals. C. ulcerans represents an important zoonotic risk, and C. rouxii may represent a novel zoonotic agent. This case series provides novel clinical and microbiological data on CdSC infections and underlines the need for management of animals and their human contacts. IMPORTANCE We report on the occurrence and clinical and microbiological characteristics of infections caused by members of the CdSC in companion animals. This is the first study based on the systematic analysis of a very large animal cohort (18,308 samples), which provides data on the frequency of CdSC isolates in various types of clinical samples from animals. Awareness of this zoonotic bacterial group remains low among veterinarians and veterinary laboratories, among which it is often considered commensal in animals. We suggest that in the case of CdSC detection in animals, the veterinary laboratories should be encouraged to send the samples to a reference laboratory for analysis of the presence of the tox gene. This work is relevant to the development of guidelines in the case of CdSC infections in animals and underlines their public health relevance given the zoonotic transmission risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Arcari
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | | | - Melanie Hennart
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Collège doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
- Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tessier E, Hennart M, Badell E, Passet V, Toubiana J, Biron A, Gourinat AC, Merlet A, Colot J, Brisse S. Genomic Epidemiology of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in New Caledonia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0461622. [PMID: 37042786 PMCID: PMC10269643 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04616-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of isolations of Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been observed in recent years in the archipelago of New Caledonia. We aimed to analyze the clinical and microbiological features of samples with C. diphtheriae. All C. diphtheriae isolates identified in New Caledonia from May 2015 to May 2019 were included. For each case, a retrospective consultation of the patient files was conducted. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes, tox gene and diphtheria toxin expression, biovar, and the genomic sequence were determined. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), 7-gene MLST, and search of genes of interest were performed from genomic assemblies. Fifty-eight isolates were included, with a median age of patients of 28 years (range: 9 days to 78 years). Cutaneous origin accounted for 51 of 58 (87.9%) isolates, and C. diphtheriae was associated with Staphylococcus aureus and/or Streptococcus pyogenes in three-quarters of cases. Half of cases came either from the main city Noumea (24%, 14/58) or from the sparsely populated island of Lifou (26%, 15/58). Six tox-positive isolates were identified, associated with recent travel to Vanuatu; 5 of these cases were linked and cgMLST confirmed recent transmission. Two cases of endocarditis in young female patients with a history of rheumatic fever involved tox-negative isolates. The 58 isolates were mostly susceptible to commonly used antibiotics. In particular, no isolate was resistant to the first-line molecules amoxicillin or erythromycin. Resistance to tetracycline was found in a genomic cluster of 17 (29%) isolates, 16 of which carried the tetO gene. There were 13 cgMLST sublineages, most of which were also observed in the neighboring country Australia. Cutaneous infections may harbor nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae isolates, which circulate largely silently in nonspecific wounds. The possible introduction of tox-positive strains from a neighboring island illustrates that diphtheria surveillance should be maintained in New Caledonia, and that immunization in neighboring islands must be improved. Genomic sequencing uncovers how genotypes circulate locally and across neighboring countries. IMPORTANCE The analysis of C. diphtheriae from the tropical archipelago of New Caledonia revealed a high genetic diversity with sublineages that may be linked to Polynesia, Australia, or metropolitan France. Genomic typing allowed confirming or excluding suspected transmission events among cases and contacts. A highly prevalent tetracycline-resistant sublineage harboring the tetO gene was uncovered. Toxigenic isolates were observed from patients returning from Vanuatu, showing the importance of improving vaccination coverage in settings where it is insufficient. This study also illustrates the importance for diphtheria surveillance of the inclusion of isolates from cutaneous sources in addition to respiratory cases, in order to provide a more complete epidemiological picture of the diversity and transmission of C. diphtheriae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve Tessier
- CHU Nantes, Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, Nantes, France
- Microbiology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Territorial Gaston Bourret, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Melanie Hennart
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Passet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Biron
- Microbiology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Territorial Gaston Bourret, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Ann-Claire Gourinat
- Microbiology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Territorial Gaston Bourret, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Audrey Merlet
- Infectious diseases unit, Centre Hospitalier Territorial Gaston Bourret, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Julien Colot
- Microbiology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Territorial Gaston Bourret, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle Calédonie, Groupe de Bactériologie médicale et environnementale Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arcari G, Hennart M, Badell E, Brisse S. Multidrug-resistant toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae sublineage 453 with two novel resistance genomic islands. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen000923. [PMID: 36748453 PMCID: PMC9973851 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial therapy is important for case management of diphtheria, but knowledge on the emergence of multidrug-resistance in Corynebacterium diphtheriae is scarce. We report on the genomic features of two multidrug-resistant toxigenic isolates sampled from wounds in France 3 years apart. Both isolates were resistant to spiramycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, kanamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Genes ermX, cmx, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ic, aadA1, dfrA15, sul1, cmlA, cmlR and tet(33) were clustered in two genomic islands, one consisting of two transposons and one integron, the other being flanked by two IS6100 insertion sequences. One isolate additionally presented mutations in gyrA and rpoB and was resistant to ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. Both isolates belonged to sublineage 453 (SL453), together with 25 isolates from 11 other countries (https://bigsdb.pasteur.fr/diphtheria/). SL453 is a cosmopolitan toxigenic sublineage of C. diphtheriae, a subset of which acquired multidrug resistance. Even though penicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin, recommended as the first line in the treatment of diphtheria, remain active, surveillance of diphtheria should consider the risk of dissemination of multidrug-resistant strains and their genetic elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Arcari
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Mélanie Hennart
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Collège doctoral, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lamoureux C, Rézig S, Le Bars H, Le Divenah F, Tandé D, Vélo-Suarez L, Badell E, Brisse S, Héry-Arnaud G, Beauruelle C. Corynebacterium ulcerans as filamentous branching rods. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 29:600-601. [PMID: 36436705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Lamoureux
- Unité de Bactériologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; Univ Brest, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, UMR 1078, Génétique, Génomique fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies (GGB), Brest, France.
| | - Schéhérazade Rézig
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Hervé Le Bars
- Unité de Bactériologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Felipe Le Divenah
- Unité de Bactériologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Didier Tandé
- Unité de Bactériologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Lourdes Vélo-Suarez
- Centre Brestois d'Analyse du Microbiote, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Héry-Arnaud
- Unité de Bactériologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; Univ Brest, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, UMR 1078, Génétique, Génomique fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies (GGB), Brest, France; Centre Brestois d'Analyse du Microbiote, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Clémence Beauruelle
- Unité de Bactériologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; Univ Brest, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, UMR 1078, Génétique, Génomique fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies (GGB), Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Delvallez G, Badell E, Cheng S, Meng S, Tong V, Norman J, Toubiana J, Vandelannoote K, Bañuls AL, Hide M, Brisse S. Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in hallux ulceration. J Infect Dev Ctries 2022; 16:1118-1121. [PMID: 35797309 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.16153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes classical diphtheria. Skin infections by toxigenic or non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae are prevalent in the tropics but are rarely reported. CASE PRESENTATION We report the identification of a non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae (biovar Gravis) isolate in a 52-year-old Cambodian male. The patient presented purulent and non-healing ulcerations on the right hallux. The wound has healed after 7 days of antibiotic therapy with a favourable outcome. CONCLUSIONS This case represents, to our knowledge, the first report of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Cambodia in the last 10 years, and highlights the lack of diagnosis and notifications of diphtheria. It is important to raise awareness among clinicians and to set up diphtheria surveillance in Cambodia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Delvallez
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Sokleaph Cheng
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Soda Meng
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Judy Norman
- Mercy Medical Center Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Koen Vandelannoote
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Anne-Laure Bañuls
- LMI Drug Resistance in South East Asia, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Mallorie Hide
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Levi LI, Barbut F, Chopin D, Rondeau P, Lalande V, Jolivet S, Badell E, Brisse S, Lacombe K, Surgers L. Cutaneous diphtheria: three case-reports to discuss determinants of re-emergence in resource-rich settings. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2300-2302. [PMID: 34792439 PMCID: PMC8654395 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2008774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Diphtheria is a re-emerging disease in resource-rich settings. We here report three cases of cutaneous diphtheria diagnosed and managed in our infectious disease department and discuss the determinants of its re-emergence. Migration, travel and vaccine scepticism are key factors not only for diphtheria re-emergence, but for the future of most preventable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Levi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, GHU APHP. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Barbut
- Unité de Prévention du Risque Infectieux, hôpital Saint-Antoine, GHU APHP. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Dorothée Chopin
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, GHU APHP. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Paul Rondeau
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, GHU APHP. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Lalande
- Département de bactériologie, hôpital Saint-Antoine, GHU APHP. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Jolivet
- Unité de Prévention du Risque Infectieux, hôpital Saint-Antoine, GHU APHP. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, GHU APHP. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Laure Surgers
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, GHU APHP. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guglielmini J, Hennart M, Badell E, Toubiana J, Criscuolo A, Brisse S. Genomic Epidemiology and Strain Taxonomy of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0158121. [PMID: 34524891 PMCID: PMC8601238 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01581-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is highly transmissible and can cause large diphtheria outbreaks where vaccination coverage is insufficient. Sporadic cases or small clusters are observed in high-vaccination settings. The phylogeography and short timescale evolution of C. diphtheriae are not well understood, in part due to a lack of harmonized analytical approaches of genomic surveillance and strain tracking. We combined 1,305 genes with highly reproducible allele calls into a core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme. We analyzed cgMLST gene diversity among 602 isolates from sporadic clinical cases, small clusters, or large outbreaks. We defined sublineages based on the phylogenetic structure within C. diphtheriae and strains based on the highest number of cgMLST mismatches within documented outbreaks. We performed time-scaled phylogenetic analyses of major sublineages. The cgMLST scheme showed high allele call rate in C. diphtheriae and the closely related species C. belfantii and C. rouxii. We demonstrate its utility to delineate epidemiological case clusters and outbreaks using a 25 mismatches threshold and reveal a number of cryptic transmission chains, most of which are geographically restricted to one or a few adjacent countries. Subcultures of the vaccine strain PW8 differed by up to 20 cgMLST mismatches. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a short-timescale evolutionary gain or loss of the diphtheria toxin and biovar-associated genes. We devised a genomic taxonomy of strains and deeper sublineages (defined using a 500-cgMLST-mismatch threshold), currently comprising 151 sublineages, only a few of which are geographically widespread based on current sampling. The cgMLST genotyping tool and nomenclature was made publicly accessible (https://bigsdb.pasteur.fr/diphtheria). Standardized genome-scale strain genotyping will help tracing transmission and geographic spread of C. diphtheriae. The unified genomic taxonomy of C. diphtheriae strains provides a common language for studies of ecology, evolution, and virulence heterogeneity among C. diphtheriae sublineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guglielmini
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Department of Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Melanie Hennart
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Service de Pédiatrie Générale et Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Criscuolo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Department of Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Badell E, Alharazi A, Criscuolo A, Almoayed KAA, Lefrancq N, Bouchez V, Guglielmini J, Hennart M, Carmi-Leroy A, Zidane N, Pascal-Perrigault M, Lebreton M, Martini H, Salje H, Toubiana J, Dureab F, Dhabaan G, Brisse S, Rawah AA, Aldawla MA, Al-Awdi EM, Al-Moalmy NM, Al-Shami HZ, Al-Somainy AA. Ongoing diphtheria outbreak in Yemen: a cross-sectional and genomic epidemiology study. The Lancet Microbe 2021; 2:e386-e396. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
13
|
Rakotomalala RS, Andrianirina ZZ, Ratsima E, Randrianandraina P, Randrianirina F, Edosoa GT, Rabenandrianina T, Badell E, Toubiana J, Andrianarimanana D, Brisse S, Rasamindrakotroka A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection in Mahajanga, Madagascar: First Case Report. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:5936080. [PMID: 33094342 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Diphtheria is an infection that has been unreported for more than two decades in Mahajanga. A child, aged 4, presented with a pseudomembranous pharyngitis was associated with a dysphagia. He was from a rural municipality of Ambato Boeny at Mahajanga province and was admitted to the Pediatric Unit of the University Hospital Center. The child was not immunized against diphtheria. A throat swab was performed and cultured, from which Corynebacterium diphtheriae was identified. The strain, of biovar Mitis, was confirmed as diphtheria toxin (DT)-gene positive and produced DT (Elek test). Unfortunately, the child developed cardiac and neurological complications and died of respiratory and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rivo Solotiana Rakotomalala
- Laboratoire de Biologie médicale, Département de Sciences fondamentales, Centre hospitalier universitaire PZAGA, Université de Mahajanga, 401 Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Zo Zafitsara Andrianirina
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire PZAGA, Université de Mahajanga, 401 Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Elisoa Ratsima
- Centre de Biologie Clinique, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Patrick Randrianandraina
- Service ORL, Centre hospitalier universitaire PZAGA, Université de Mahajanga, 401 Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Tahirimalala Rabenandrianina
- Laboratoire de Biologie médicale, Département de Sciences fondamentales, Centre hospitalier universitaire PZAGA, Université de Mahajanga, 401 Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, 75015 Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, 75015 Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, General Pediatrics and Pediatric infectious diseases department, Necker-Enfants malades, APHP, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Diavolana Andrianarimanana
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire PZAGA, Université de Mahajanga, 401 Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, 75015 Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Andry Rasamindrakotroka
- Laboratoire de Formation et de Recherche en Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hennart M, Panunzi LG, Rodrigues C, Gaday Q, Baines SL, Barros-Pinkelnig M, Carmi-Leroy A, Dazas M, Wehenkel AM, Didelot X, Toubiana J, Badell E, Brisse S. Population genomics and antimicrobial resistance in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Genome Med 2020; 12:107. [PMID: 33246485 PMCID: PMC7694903 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the agent of diphtheria, is a genetically diverse bacterial species. Although antimicrobial resistance has emerged against several drugs including first-line penicillin, the genomic determinants and population dynamics of resistance are largely unknown for this neglected human pathogen. Methods Here, we analyzed the associations of antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes, diphtheria toxin production, and genomic features in C. diphtheriae. We used 247 strains collected over several decades in multiple world regions, including the 163 clinical isolates collected prospectively from 2008 to 2017 in France mainland and overseas territories. Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple deep-branching sublineages, grouped into a Mitis lineage strongly associated with diphtheria toxin production and a largely toxin gene-negative Gravis lineage with few toxin-producing isolates including the 1990s ex-Soviet Union outbreak strain. The distribution of susceptibility phenotypes allowed proposing ecological cutoffs for most of the 19 agents tested, thereby defining acquired antimicrobial resistance. Penicillin resistance was found in 17.2% of prospective isolates. Seventeen (10.4%) prospective isolates were multidrug-resistant (≥ 3 antimicrobial categories), including four isolates resistant to penicillin and macrolides. Homologous recombination was frequent (r/m = 5), and horizontal gene transfer contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in multiple sublineages. Genome-wide association mapping uncovered genetic factors of resistance, including an accessory penicillin-binding protein (PBP2m) located in diverse genomic contexts. Gene pbp2m is widespread in other Corynebacterium species, and its expression in C. glutamicum demonstrated its effect against several beta-lactams. A novel 73-kb C. diphtheriae multiresistance plasmid was discovered. Conclusions This work uncovers the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in C. diphtheriae in the context of phylogenetic structure, biovar, and diphtheria toxin production and provides a blueprint to analyze re-emerging diphtheria. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13073-020-00805-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hennart
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Collège doctoral, Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo G Panunzi
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Français de Bioinformatique, CNRS UMS 3601, Evry, France
| | - Carla Rodrigues
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Gaday
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sarah L Baines
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Annick Carmi-Leroy
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Melody Dazas
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Anne Marie Wehenkel
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Didelot
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France.,Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France. .,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the Diphtheriae Complex, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alberto C, Osdoit S, Villani AP, Bellec L, Belmonte O, Schrenzel J, Bagny K, Badell E, Brisse S, Toubiana J. Cutaneous ulcers revealing diphtheria: A re-emerging disease imported from Indian Ocean countries? Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020; 148:34-39. [PMID: 32631628 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diphtheria due to Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) has become rare in developed countries. In France only 10 cases of toxigenic diphtheria have been reported since 1989, in all cases causing pharyngitis and all emanating from endemic countries with exception of one contact case. We report herein 13 cases with cutaneous diphtheria, in 5 of which diphtheria toxin was produced, and all imported into France between 2015 and 2018. OBSERVATIONS Thirteen patients aged 4 to 77 years presented painful and rapidly progressive round ulcerations of the legs, that were superficial and in some cases purulent, with an erythematous-purple border covered with greyish membrane. Bacteriological sampling of ulcers revealed the presence of C. diphtheriae. Only 6 patients had been properly immunized over the preceding 5 years. DISCUSSION These cases underline the resurgence of cutaneous diphtheria and the circulation of toxigenic strains in France following importation from Indian Ocean countries. This may constitute an important reservoir for ongoing transmission of the disease. Re-emergence of this pathogen stems from the current migratory flow and decreased adult booster coverage. CONCLUSION Cutaneous diphtheria should be considered in cases of rapidly developing painful skin ulcers with greyish membrane, especially among patients returning from endemic areas, regardless of their vaccination status. The clinician should order specific screening for C. diphtheriae from the bacteriologist, since with routine swabbing Corynebacteriaceae may be reported simply as normal skin flora. Vaccination protects against toxigenic manifestations but not against actual bacterial infection. Early recognition and treatment of cutaneous diphtheria and up-to-date vaccination are mandatory to avoid further transmission and spread of both cutaneous and pharyngeal diphtheria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Alberto
- Department of dermatology, Geneva university hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - S Osdoit
- Department of dermatology and internal medicine, Felix Guyon university hospital, Saint-Denis, Reunion
| | - A-P Villani
- Department of dermatology, Claude Bernard Lyon I university, Edouard Herriot hospital, Lyon, France
| | - L Bellec
- Department of infectious diseases, Felix Guyon university hospital, Saint-Denis, Reunion
| | - O Belmonte
- Laboratory of microbiology, Felix Guyon university hospital, Saint-Denis, Reunion
| | - J Schrenzel
- Laboratory of bacteriology, Geneva university hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Bagny
- Department of dermatology and internal medicine, Felix Guyon university hospital, Saint-Denis, Reunion
| | - E Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75000 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, 75000 Paris, France
| | - S Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75000 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, 75000 Paris, France
| | - J Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 75000 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, 75000 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Department of General Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, 75000 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Badell E, Guillot S, Tulliez M, Pascal M, Panunzi LG, Rose S, Litt D, Fry NK, Brisse S. Improved quadruplex real-time PCR assay for the diagnosis of diphtheria. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1455-1465. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Marie Tulliez
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Marine Pascal
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | | | - Samuel Rose
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - David Litt
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Norman K. Fry
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center for Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scheifer C, Rolland-Debord C, Badell E, Reibel F, Aubry A, Perignon A, Patey O, Brisse S, Caumes E. Re-emergence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Med Mal Infect 2018; 49:463-466. [PMID: 30583866 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diphtheria is re-emerging in Europe. A total of 36 cases were reported in Europe in 2015 versus 53 cases between 2000 and 2009. PATIENTS We report two cases of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection in a French hospital in 2016: a cutaneous infection with negative toxin testing in a French traveller, and a respiratory diphtheria carriage with positive toxin testing in an Afghan refugee diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The vaccination history of the Afghan patient could not be retrieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Scheifer
- Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 73013 Paris, France.
| | - C Rolland-Debord
- Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 73013 Paris, France; Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, 75252 Paris, France.
| | - E Badell
- Centre national de référence des Corynébactéries du complexe diphtheriae, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - F Reibel
- Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 73013 Paris, France.
| | - A Aubry
- Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 73013 Paris, France.
| | - A Perignon
- Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 73013 Paris, France.
| | - O Patey
- Hôpital Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, 94190 Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France.
| | - S Brisse
- Centre national de référence des Corynébactéries du complexe diphtheriae, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - E Caumes
- Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 73013 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dazas M, Badell E, Carmi-Leroy A, Criscuolo A, Brisse S. Taxonomic status of Corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar Belfanti and proposal of Corynebacterium belfantii sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3826-3831. [PMID: 30355399 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical isolates belonging to Corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar Belfanti were characterized by genomic sequencing and biochemical and chemotaxonomic analyses. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that biovar Belfanti represents a branch that is clearly demarcated from C. diphtheriae strains of biovars Mitis and Gravis. The average nucleotide identity of isolates of biovar Belfanti with C. diphtheriae type strain NCTC 11397T (biovar Gravis) was 94.85 %. The inability to reduce nitrate differentiated biovar Belfanti from other strains of C. diphtheriae. On the basis of these results, we propose the name Corynebacterium belfantii sp. nov. for the group of strains previously considered as C. diphtheriaebiovar Belfanti. The type strain of C. belfantii is FRC0043T (=CIP 111412T=DSM 105776T). Strains of C. belfantii were isolated mostly from human respiratory samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melody Dazas
- 1Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens & National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- 1Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens & National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| | - Annick Carmi-Leroy
- 1Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens & National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Criscuolo
- 2Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- 1Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens & National Reference Center for the Corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Belchior E, Henry S, Badell E, Collet L, Benoit-Cattin T, de Montera AM, Guiso N, Patey O, Levy-Bruhl D, Filleul L, Chieze F, Olivier S. Diphtheria in Mayotte, 2007-2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2018. [PMID: 28628446 PMCID: PMC5512491 DOI: 10.3201/eid2307.170262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology of diphtheria in the southwestern Indian Ocean is poorly documented. We analyzed 14 cases of infection with toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae reported during 2007–2015 in Mayotte, a French department located in this region. Local control of diphtheria is needed to minimize the risk for importation of the bacterium into disease-free areas.
Collapse
|
20
|
Benamrouche N, Hasnaoui S, Badell E, Guettou B, Lazri M, Guiso N, Rahal K. Microbiological and molecular characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in Algeria between 1992 and 2015. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:1005.e1-1005.e7. [PMID: 27585941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to undertake the microbiological and molecular characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates collected in Algeria during epidemic and post-epidemic periods between 1992 and 2015. Microbiological characterization includes the determination of biotype and toxigenicity status using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the E-test method. Molecular characterization was performed by multi-locus sequence typing. In total, there were 157 cases of C. diphtheriae isolates, 127 in patients with respiratory diphtheria and 30 with ozena. Isolates with a mitis biotype were predominant (122 out of 157; 77.7%) followed by belfanti (28 out of 157; 17.8%) and gravis biotype (seven out of 157; 4.5%). Toxigenic isolates were predominant in the period 1992-2006 (74 out of 134) whereas in the period 2007-2015, only non-toxigenic isolates circulated (23 out of 23). All 157 isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, gentamicin, vancomycin and cotrimoxazole. Reduced susceptibility to penicillin G, cefotaxime, tetracycline and chloramphenicol was detected in 90 (57.3%), 88 (56.1%), 112 (71.3%) and 90 (57.3%) isolates, respectively. Multi-locus sequence typing analysis indicates that sequence type 116 (ST-116) was the most frequent, with 65 out of 100 isolates analysed, in particular during the epidemic period 1992-1999 (57 out of 65 isolates). In the post-epidemic period, 2000-2015, 13 different sequence types were isolated. All belfanti isolates (ten out of 100 isolates) belonged to closely related sequence types grouped in a phylogenetically distinct eBurst group and were collected exclusively in ozena cases. In conclusion, the epidemic period was associated with ST-116 while the post-epidemic period was characterized by more diversity. Belfanti isolates are grouped in a phylogenetically distinct clonal complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Benamrouche
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - S Hasnaoui
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Algiers, Algeria
| | - E Badell
- Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - B Guettou
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Algiers, Algeria
| | - M Lazri
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Algiers, Algeria
| | - N Guiso
- Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - K Rahal
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Algiers, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guimarães LC, Lopes T, Ramos RTJ, Carneiro AR, Cavalcante ALQ, Barreto D, de Sá PCG, Veras AAO, Rocha FS, Bagano P, Pereira FL, Dorella FA, Leal CA, Carvalho AF, Bizet C, Guiso N, Badell E, Figueiredo HCP, Azevedo V, Silva A. Draft Genome Sequences of Two Pathogenic Corynebacterial Species Isolated from Cows. J Genomics 2016; 4:7-9. [PMID: 26958092 PMCID: PMC4780121 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Corynebacterium renale, Corynebacterium pilosum, and Corynebacterium cystitidis were initially thought to be the same species C. renale, but with different immunological types. These bacteria are the causative agent of cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis and are found usually as constituents of the normal flora in the lower urogenital tract of cattle. Therefore, we present the draft genome sequences of two pathogenic Corynebacterium species: C. renale CIP 52.96 and C. pilosum CIP 103422. The genome sequences of these species have 2,322,762 bp with 2,218 protein encoding genes and 2,548,014 bp with 2,428 protein encoding genes, respectively. These genomes can help clarify the virulence mechanisms of these unknown bacteria and enable the development of more effective methods for control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carlos Guimarães
- 1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes
- 1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Diego Barreto
- 1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávia Souza Rocha
- 2. Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Bagano
- 2. Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Luiz Pereira
- 3. National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alves Dorella
- 3. National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Leal
- 3. National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alex Fiorini Carvalho
- 3. National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Chantal Bizet
- 4. Unité de Prévention et Thérapie Moléculaires des Maladies Humaines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Guiso
- 4. Unité de Prévention et Thérapie Moléculaires des Maladies Humaines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- 4. Unité de Prévention et Thérapie Moléculaires des Maladies Humaines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Henrique César Pereira Figueiredo
- 3. National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- 2. Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- 1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zasada AA, Rzeczkowska M, Wołkowicz T, Formińska K, Zacharczuk K, Wolaniuk N, Paduch O, Badell E, Januszkiewicz A, Guiso N. [Whole cell protein profiling characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae clinical isolates collected from various infections]. Med Dosw Mikrobiol 2016; 68:161-166. [PMID: 30376615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corynebacterium diphtheriae can cause various infections such as diphtheria, wound infections, septic arthritis, bacteraemia and endocarditis. Different virulence properties of the isolates might be related to different virulence factors expressed by the isolates. The objective of this study was to explore whether whole cell protein profiling might be useful in prediction of pathogenic properties of C. diphtheriae isolates. METHODS C. disphtheriae isolates collected from diphtheria, invasive and local infections and from asymptomatic carriers in Poland, France, New Caledonia and Canada in 1950-2014 were investigated using whole cell protein profile analysis. RESULTS All the examined isolates were divided into two clades: A and B with similarity about 47%, but clade B was represented by only one isolate. The clade A was divided in two subclades A.I NS .II with similarity 53,2% and then into four groups: A.Ia, A.Ib, A.Ic and A.Id. The comparative analysis did not distinguish clearly toxigenic and nontoxigenic isolates as well as invasive and noninvasive isolates. CONCLUSIONS Whole cell protein profile analysis of C. diphtheria exhibits good concordance with other genotyping methods but this method is not able to distinguish clearly invasive from non-invasive isolates.
Collapse
|
23
|
Vandentorren S, Guiso N, Badell E, Boisrenoult P, Micaelo M, Troché G, Lecouls P, Moquet MJ, Patey O, Belchior E. Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans in a fatal human case and her feline contacts, France, March 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 25306877 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.38.20910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In March 2014, a person in their eighties who was diagnosed with extensive cellulitis due to toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans died from multiple organ failure. Environmental investigation also isolated C. ulcerans in biological samples from two stray cats in contact with the case. This finding provides further evidence that pets can carry toxigenic C. ulcerans and may be a source of the infection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Vandentorren
- Regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance - Ile de France and Champagne Ardenne, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zasada AA, Formińska K, Wołkowicz T, Badell E, Guiso N. The utility of the PCR melting profile technique for typing Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:292-8. [PMID: 24749659 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Selection of appropriate typing method depends on a number of factors, including the scale of the investigation, the rapidity required of the results and the financial and technical resources available. Several typing methods have been applied to Corynebacterium diphtheriae genotyping, but most are laborious and time-consuming or require expensive equipment. We report an evaluation of the utility of the PCR melting profile technique for simple and easy-to-perform genotyping of C. diphtheriae. We compared the method with ribotyping-the 'gold standard' for C. diphtheriae typing-and PFGE, MLST, AFLP, RAPD and spoligotyping. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Occurrence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infections-in the form of diphtheria in endemic countries and in the form of invasive infections in countries with high antidiphtheria vaccination coverage-indicates the need for maintenance of ability to genotype this pathogen by laboratories. Application of an appropriate typing method is essential not only in outbreak investigations for understanding and predicting epidemics but also in monitoring of the evolution and spread of epidemic clones of C. diphtheriae. The PCR melting profile method presented in the study is a good alternative for C. diphtheriae typing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Zasada
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dinu S, Damian M, Badell E, Dragomirescu CC, Guiso N. New diphtheria toxin repressor types depicted in a Romanian collection ofCorynebacterium diphtheriaeisolates. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:1136-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Dinu
- “Cantacuzino” National Institute of Research and Development for Microbiology and Immunology; Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory; Bucharest Romania
| | - Maria Damian
- “Cantacuzino” National Institute of Research and Development for Microbiology and Immunology; Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory; Bucharest Romania
| | - Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur; Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases; Paris France
- CNRS URA-3012; Paris; France
| | - Cristiana Cerasella Dragomirescu
- “Cantacuzino” National Institute of Research and Development for Microbiology and Immunology; Bacterial Respiratory Infections Laboratory; Bucharest Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology; Bucharest Romania
| | - Nicole Guiso
- Institut Pasteur; Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases; Paris France
- CNRS URA-3012; Paris; France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Farfour E, Badell E, Dinu S, Guillot S, Guiso N. Microbiological changes and diversity in autochthonous non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in France. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 19:980-7. [PMID: 23320433 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autochtonous toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae have disappeared in mainland France, but non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae are still circulating. Using phenotypic and molecular tools, we retrospectively characterized 103 non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae collected in mainland France and highlight several changes. The proportion of C. diphtheriae belfanti increased between 1977 and 2011 and it is the most frequent biotype recovered in recent years. Resistance to ciprofloxacin has increased and most isolates with decreased sensitivity belong to the belfanti biotype. Using multilocus sequence typing, we demonstrate that French isolates are distributed in a large number of sequence types and identify three distinct lineages. C. diphtheriae mitis and gravis form lineage I while C. diphtheriae belfanti forms lineages II and III. Almost all isolates of lineage II are part of a unique clonal complex or are very close to it. Most French isolates have a dtxR sequence homologous to that of toxigenic isolates, suggesting that if lyzogenised by a corynephage, they can express diphtheria toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Farfour
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Prévention et Thérapies Moléculaires des Maladies Humaines, Centre National de Référence des Corynébactéries du Complexe Diphtheriae, Paris, France; CNRS-URA 3012, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Rousseau C, Belchior E, Broche B, Badell E, Guiso N, Laharie I, Patey O, Levy-Bruhl D. Diphtheria in the south of France, March 2011. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:19867. [PMID: 21596008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In March 2011, a 40 year-old French man was diagnosed with diphtheria caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Fifty-three close contacts were identified from whom throat samples were analysed. C. diphtheriae was found only in the asymptomatic partner of the index case. The two cases had travelled in Spain during the incubation period of the index case. Investigation around the second case identified 13 new close contacts.None of them was found to be infected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rousseau
- Cellule de l'InVS en region Languedoc-Roussillon (Cire), Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
In March 2011, a 40 year-old French man was diagnosed with diphtheria caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Fifty-three close contacts were identified from whom throat samples were analysed. C. diphtheriae was found only in the asymptomatic partner of the index case. The two cases had travelled in Spain during the incubation period of the index case. Investigation around the second case identified 13 new close contacts. None of them was found to be infected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rousseau
- Cellule de l’InVS en région Languedoc-Roussillon (Cire), Montpellier, France
| | - E Belchior
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire (French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, InVS), Département des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - B Broche
- Agence régionale de santé Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - E Badell
- Centre national de référence des Corynebactéries toxinogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - N Guiso
- Centre national de référence des Corynebactéries toxinogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - I Laharie
- Agence régionale de santé Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
| | - O Patey
- Centre hospitalier intercommunal, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France
| | - D Lévy-Bruhl
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire (French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, InVS), Département des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Clark SO, Kelly DLF, Badell E, Castello-Branco LR, Aldwell F, Winter N, Lewis DJM, Marsh PD. Oral delivery of BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro gives equivalent protection against tuberculosis but with reduced pathology compared to parenteral BCG Danish vaccination. Vaccine 2010; 28:7109-16. [PMID: 20708695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for an improved vaccine to better control human tuberculosis (TB), as the only currently available TB vaccine, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) delivered parenterally, offers variable levels of efficacy. Therefore, recombinant strains expressing additional antigens are being developed alongside alternative routes to parenteral delivery. There is strong evidence that BCG Moreau (RdJ) is a safe and effective vaccine in humans when given by the oral route. This study compared the efficacy of a single oral dose of wild type BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro (RdJ), or a recombinant RdJ strain expressing Ag85B-ESAT6 fusion protein, formulated with and without lipid to enhance oral delivery, with subcutaneous BCG Danish 1331 and saline control groups in a guinea pig aerosol infection model of pulmonary tuberculosis. Protection was measured as survival at 30 weeks post-challenge and reduced bacterial load and histopathology in lungs and spleen. Results showed that a single oral dose of BCG Moreau (RdJ) or recombinant BCG Moreau (RdJ)-Ag85B-ESAT6, formulated with or without lipid, gave protection equivalent to subcutaneously delivered BCG Danish in the 30 weeks post-challenge survival study. The orally delivered vaccines gave reduced pathology scores in the lungs (three of the four formulations) and spleens (all four formulations) compared to subcutaneously delivered BCG Danish. The oral wild type BCG Moreau (RdJ) in lipid and the unformulated oral wild type BCG Moreau (RdJ) vaccine also gave statistically lower bacterial loads in the lungs and spleens, respectively, compared to subcutaneously delivered BCG Danish. This study provides further evidence to show that lipid formulation does not impair vaccine efficacy and may enhance the delivery and stability of oral vaccines intended for use in countries with poor health infrastructure. Oral delivery also avoids needles (and associated cross-infection risks) and immunisation without the need for specially trained medical professional staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon O Clark
- Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Martino A, Badell E, Abadie V, Balloy V, Chignard M, Mistou MY, Combadière B, Combadière C, Winter N. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination mobilizes innate myeloid-derived suppressor cells restraining in vivo T cell priming via IL-1R-dependent nitric oxide production. J Immunol 2010; 184:2038-47. [PMID: 20083674 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early immune response to the largely used Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intradermal vaccine remains ill defined. Three days after BCG inoculation into the mouse ear, in addition to neutrophils infiltrating skin, we observed CD11b(+)Ly-6C(int)Ly-6G(-) myeloid cells. Neutrophil depletion markedly enhanced their recruitment. These cells differed from inflammatory monocytes and required MyD88-dependent BCG-specific signals to invade skin, whereas neutrophil influx was MyD88 independent. Upon BCG phagocytosis, CD11b(+)Ly-6C(int)Ly-6G(-) cells produced NO, which required the IL-1 receptor. Despite NO production, they were unable to kill BCG or the nonpathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis. However, they markedly impaired T cell priming in the draining lymph node. Their elimination by all-trans retinoid acid treatment increased the number of IFN-gamma-producing CD4 T cells. Thus, BCG vaccination recruits innate myeloid-derived suppressor cells, akin to mouse tumor-infiltrating cells. These propathogenic cells dampen the early T cell response and might facilitate BCG persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Martino
- Institut Pasteur Unité Génétique Mycobactérienne, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière Service d'Immunologie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tanne A, Ma B, Boudou F, Tailleux L, Botella H, Badell E, Levillain F, Taylor ME, Drickamer K, Nigou J, Dobos KM, Puzo G, Vestweber D, Wild MK, Marcinko M, Sobieszczuk P, Stewart L, Lebus D, Gicquel B, Neyrolles O. A murine DC-SIGN homologue contributes to early host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2205-20. [PMID: 19770268 PMCID: PMC2757888 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) mediates the innate immune recognition of microbial carbohydrates. We investigated the function of this molecule in the host response to pathogens in vivo, by generating mouse lines lacking the DC-SIGN homologues SIGNR1, SIGNR3, and SIGNR5. Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis was impaired only in SIGNR3-deficient animals. SIGNR3 was expressed in lung phagocytes during infection, and interacted with M. tuberculosis bacilli and mycobacterial surface glycoconjugates to induce secretion of critical host defense inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). SIGNR3 signaling was dependent on an intracellular tyrosine-based motif and the tyrosine kinase Syk. Thus, the mouse DC-SIGN homologue SIGNR3 makes a unique contribution to protection of the host against a pulmonary bacterial pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tanne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chassin C, Picardeau M, Goujon JM, Bourhy P, Quellard N, Darche S, Badell E, d'Andon MF, Winter N, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Buzoni-Gatel D, Vandewalle A, Werts C. TLR4- and TLR2-Mediated B Cell Responses Control the Clearance of the Bacterial Pathogen,Leptospira interrogans. J Immunol 2009; 183:2669-77. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Badell E, Nicolle F, Clark S, Majlessi L, Boudou F, Martino A, Castello-Branco L, Leclerc C, Lewis DJM, Marsh PD, Gicquel B, Winter N. Protection against tuberculosis induced by oral prime with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and intranasal subunit boost based on the vaccine candidate Ag85B-ESAT-6 does not correlate with circulating IFN-gamma producing T-cells. Vaccine 2008; 27:28-37. [PMID: 18977269 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The potent IFN-gamma inducing fusion antigen Ag85B-ESAT-6 (85B6) is a lead subunit candidate to improve current vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The recombinant M. bovis BCG strain Myc3504 was constructed to secrete 85B6. It was based on commercial BCG strain Moreau Rio de Janeiro (BCG(MoWT)) which remains available for human oral administration. Myc 3504 induced higher levels of 85B6-specific IFN-gamma circulating T-cells as compared to BCG(MoWT). A novel needle-free mucosal immunization regimen combining oral prime with Myc3504 or BCG(MoWT) with intranasal boost with LTK-63-adjuvanted 85B6 was compared to subcutaneous prime-boost immunization. Strikingly whereas parenteral immunization induced sustained levels of 85B6-specific IFN-gamma secretion by circulating T-cells, mucosal regimens induced barely detectable IFN-gamma. Despite this, mice and guinea pigs immunized with the mucosal regimens were as efficiently protected against aerosol Mtb challenge as parenterally immunized animals. After Mtb challenge, anti-ESAT-6 IFN-gamma responses sharply increased in non-vaccinated mice as a hallmark of infection. Parenterally immunized mice that controlled Mtb infection, displayed anti-ESAT-6 IFN-gamma responses as high as non-immunized infected mice, compromising the possible use of ESAT-6 as a diagnostic tool. Interestingly, in mucosally immunized mice that were equally protected, post-challenge ESAT-6-specific IFN-gamma T-cell response remained low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Badell
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Morel C, Badell E, Abadie V, Robledo M, Setterblad N, Gluckman JC, Gicquel B, Boudaly S, Winter N. Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected neutrophils and dendritic cells cooperate to induce specific T cell responses in humans and mice. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:437-47. [PMID: 18203135 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are increasingly thought to modulate dendritic cell (DC) functions. We investigated the role of the neutrophil-DC partnership in the response to Mycobacterium bovis BCG-the vaccine used against tuberculosis. We compared neutrophil-DC crosstalk in humans and mice, searching for functional differences. In both species, neutrophils captured fluorescent BCG-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and were more phagocytic than DC. Non-apoptotic BCG-infected neutrophils clustered with immature DC, establishing intimate contacts with dendrites, at which fluorescent intact bacilli were observed. Physical interactions between neutrophils and DC were required for DC activation. Human BCG-infected DC produced interleukin (IL)-10, an inhibitory cytokine, whereas DC exposed to BCG-infected neutrophils produced low to undetectable amounts of the cytokine. Mouse BCG-infected neutrophils induced sustained IL-2 production by DC. Human DC exposed to BCG-infected neutrophils stimulated recall T cell reactivity from vaccinated donors. Mouse DC infected with recombinant ovalbumin (OVA)-producing BCG (rBCG(ova)) elicited proliferation of TCR-OVA-transgenic CD4 and CD8 T cells. Moreover, exposing DC to rBCG(ova)-infected neutrophils enhanced OVA presentation. Thus, in mice and humans, neutrophils help DC to cross-present BCG antigens to T cells. Our results suggest that this "ménage à trois" involving neutrophils, DC and T cells plays a major role in the immune response to BCG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Morel
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7151 CNRS, Université Paris 7, Laboratoire d'immunologie cellulaire et immunopathologie de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Martinez V, Carcelain G, Badell E, Jouan M, Mauger I, Sellier P, Truffot C, Bricaire F, Arend SM, Ottenhoff T, Autran B, Gicquel B. T-cell and serological responses to Erp, an exported Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein, in tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals. BMC Infect Dis 2007; 7:83. [PMID: 17655752 PMCID: PMC1963334 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-7-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of antigens able to differentiate tuberculosis (TB) disease from TB infection would be valuable. Cellular and humoral immune responses to Erp (Exported repetitive protein) – a recently identified M. tuberculosis protein – have not yet been investigated in humans and may contribute to this aim. Methods We analyzed the cellular and humoral immune responses to Erp, ESAT-6, Ag85B and PPD in TB patients, in BCG+ individuals without infection, BCG+ individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) and BCG- controls. We used lymphoproliferation, ELISpot IFN-γ, cytokine production assays and detection of specific human antibodies against recombinant M. tuberculosis proteins. Results We included 22 TB patients, 9 BCG+ individuals without TB infection, 7 LTBI and 7 BCG- controls. Erp-specific T cell counts were higher in LTBI than in the other groups. Erp-specific T cell counts were higher in LTBI subjects than TB patients (median positive frequency of 211 SFC/106 PBMC (range 118–2000) for LTBI subjects compared to 80 SFC/106 PBMC (range 50–191), p = 0.019); responses to PPD and ESAT-6 antigens did not differ between these groups. IFN-γ secretion after Erp stimulation differed between TB patients and LTBI subjects (p = 0.02). Moreover, LTBI subjects but not TB patients or healthy subjects produced IgG3 against Erp. Conclusion The frequencies of IFN-γ-producing specific T cells, the IFN-γ secretion and the production of IgG3 after Erp stimulation are higher in LTBI subjects than in TB patients, whereas PPD and ESAT-6 are not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Martinez
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, INSERM U543, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Guislaine Carcelain
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, INSERM U543, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Edgar Badell
- Unité de Génétique des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur ROUX, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Jouan
- Unité de Génétique des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur ROUX, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Mauger
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, INSERM U543, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Pierre Sellier
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2, Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Truffot
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - François Bricaire
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Sandra M Arend
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Autran
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, INSERM U543, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Brigitte Gicquel
- Unité de Génétique des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur ROUX, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abadie V, Badell E, Douillard P, Ensergueix D, Leenen PJM, Tanguy M, Fiette L, Saeland S, Gicquel B, Winter N. Neutrophils rapidly migrate via lymphatics after Mycobacterium bovis BCG intradermal vaccination and shuttle live bacilli to the draining lymph nodes. Blood 2005; 106:1843-50. [PMID: 15886329 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The early innate response after Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is poorly characterized but probably decisive for subsequent protective immunity against tuberculosis. Therefore, we vaccinated mice with fluorescent BCG strains in the ear dorsum, as a surrogate of intradermal vaccination in humans. During the first 3 days, we tracked BCG host cells migrating out of the dermis to the auricular draining lymph nodes (ADLNs). Resident skin dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages did not play a predominant role in early BCG capture and transport to ADLNs. The main BCG host cells rapidly recruited both in the dermis and ADLNs were neutrophils. Fluorescent green or red BCG strains injected into nonoverlapping sites were essentially sheltered by distinct neutrophils in the ADLN capsule, indicating that neutrophils had captured bacilli in peripheral tissue and transported them to the lymphoid organ. Strikingly, we observed BCG-infected neutrophils in the lumen of lymphatic vessels by confocal microscopy on ear dermis. Fluorescence-labeled neutrophils injected into the ears accumulated exclusively into the ipsilateral ADLN capsule after BCG vaccination. Thus, we provide in vivo evidence that neutrophils, like DCs or inflammatory monocytes, migrate via afferent lymphatics to lymphoid tissue and can shuttle live microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Abadie
- Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 7724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
In a recent issue of Parasitology Today, Stanley and Virgin have stressed the potential of B- and T-cell deficient mice, among which severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice are most frequently used, as models for the study of parasites. One of the most tantalizing prospects has been in the development of liver stages (LS) of human Plasmodium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Badell
- Bio-medical Parasitology, Pasteur Institute, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kissenpfennig A, Aït-Yahia S, Clair-Moninot V, Stössel H, Badell E, Bordat Y, Pooley JL, Lang T, Prina E, Coste I, Gresser O, Renno T, Winter N, Milon G, Shortman K, Romani N, Lebecque S, Malissen B, Saeland S, Douillard P. Disruption of the langerin/CD207 gene abolishes Birbeck granules without a marked loss of Langerhans cell function. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:88-99. [PMID: 15601833 PMCID: PMC538791 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.1.88-99.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 10/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin is a C-type lectin expressed by a subset of dendritic leukocytes, the Langerhans cells (LC). Langerin is a cell surface receptor that induces the formation of an LC-specific organelle, the Birbeck granule (BG). We generated a langerin(-/-) mouse on a C57BL/6 background which did not display any macroscopic aberrant development. In the absence of langerin, LC were detected in normal numbers in the epidermis but the cells lacked BG. LC of langerin(-/-) mice did not present other phenotypic alterations compared to wild-type littermates. Functionally, the langerin(-/-) LC were able to capture antigen, to migrate towards skin draining lymph nodes, and to undergo phenotypic maturation. In addition, langerin(-/-) mice were not impaired in their capacity to process native OVA protein for I-A(b)-restricted presentation to CD4(+) T lymphocytes or for H-2K(b)-restricted cross-presentation to CD8(+) T lymphocytes. langerin(-/-) mice inoculated with mannosylated or skin-tropic microorganisms did not display an altered pathogen susceptibility. Finally, chemical mutagenesis resulted in a similar rate of skin tumor development in langerin(-/-) and wild-type mice. Overall, our data indicate that langerin and BG are dispensable for a number of LC functions. The langerin(-/-) C57BL/6 mouse should be a valuable model for further functional exploration of langerin and the role of BG.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
- Animals
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/physiology
- Blastocyst/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Carcinogens
- Cell Movement
- Cell Physiological Phenomena
- Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electroporation
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Flow Cytometry
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunohistochemistry
- Islets of Langerhans/cytology
- Islets of Langerhans/physiology
- Kinetics
- Langerhans Cells/cytology
- Lectins/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/physiology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/genetics
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Electron
- Models, Genetic
- Mutagenesis
- Mutation
- Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Ovalbumin/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Stem Cells/cytology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM-CNRS-Université de la Méditerranee, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Recalde D, Ostos MA, Badell E, Garcia-Otin AL, Pidoux J, Castro G, Zakin MM, Scott-Algara D. Human apolipoprotein A-IV reduces secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and atherosclerotic effects of a chronic infection mimicked by lipopolysaccharide. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:756-61. [PMID: 14751811 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000119353.03690.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expression of human apolipoprotein (h-apo) A-IV in apoE-deficient (apoE(0)) mice (h-apoA-IV/E(0)) reduces susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Chronic infection mimicked by exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases the size of atherosclerosis lesions in apoE(0) mice. Thus, we used h-apoA-IV/E(0) mice to determine whether h-apoA-IV plays a protective role after LPS administration. METHODS AND RESULTS We injected apoE(0), h-apoA-IV/E(0), and C57Bl/6 (wild-type) mice intraperitoneally with either LPS or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) every week for 10 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions were significantly smaller in h-apoA-IV/E(0) mice treated with LPS than in their apoE(0) counterparts. The titers of IgG2a and IgG2b autoantibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were higher in the LPS-group of h-apoA-IV/E(0) mice than in apoE(0) mice, suggesting that the Th1 response is stronger in the presence of h-apoA-IV. Lymphocytes from the blood, liver, spleen, and thymus of h-apoA-IV/E(0) mice treated with LPS produced less IL-4, INF-gamma, and TNF-alpha proinflammatory cytokines than their apoE(0) counterparts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that recombinant h-apoA-IV blocks the LPS-induced stimulation of monocytes. CONCLUSIONS The expression of h-apoA-IV in apoE(0) mice reduces the susceptibility to atherogenesis and decreases the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines after LPS administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Recalde
- Unité d'Expression des Gènes Eucaryotes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Méderlé I, Le Grand R, Vaslin B, Badell E, Vingert B, Dormont D, Gicquel B, Winter N. Mucosal administration of three recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG?SIVmac251 strains to cynomolgus macaques induces rectal IgAs and boosts systemic cellular immune responses that are primed by intradermal vaccination. Vaccine 2003; 21:4153-66. [PMID: 14505895 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The widely administered Mycobacterium bovis BCG is an attractive live vector for the development of AIDS vaccines. We explored immune responses induced in cynomolgus macaques to rBCG-SIV(3), a mixture of three recombinant BCG strains expressing the SIVmac251 nef, gag and env genes. After a single intradermal (ID) inoculation, circulating blood cells from rBCG-SIV(3)-vaccinated monkeys exhibited CTL responses targeted against the three antigens and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) secretion was observed. A rectal or oral boosting dose of rBCG-SIV(3) elicited anti-SIV IgAs in the rectum of vaccinated monkeys and increased IFNgamma secretion by circulating blood cells. Despite a good response against the vector, rBCG-SIV(3) administration did not induce IgG antibody responses or lymphoproliferation against the SIV antigens in blood. This could be due to the lack of in vivo persistence of the recombinant BCG strains that were used. Rectal challenge with fully pathogenic SIVmac251-infected all animals. However, after viral challenge, anti-SIV cellular and antibody responses were higher in rBCG-SIV(3) monkeys than in controls indicating that the vaccine induced anti-SIV CD4(+) T-cell memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Méderlé
- Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Méderlé I, Bourguin I, Ensergueix D, Badell E, Moniz-Peireira J, Gicquel B, Winter N. Plasmidic versus insertional cloning of heterologous genes in Mycobacterium bovis BCG: impact on in vivo antigen persistence and immune responses. Infect Immun 2002; 70:303-14. [PMID: 11748196 PMCID: PMC127622 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.1.303-314.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bivalent recombinant strains of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (rBCG) expressing the early regulatory nef and the structural gag(p26) genes from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVmac251 were engineered so that both genes were cotranscribed from a synthetic operon. The expression cassette was cloned into a multicopy-replicating vector, and the expression levels of both nef and gag in the bivalent rBCG(nef-gag) strain were found to be comparable to those of monovalent rBCG(nef) or rBCG(gag) strains. However, extrachromosomal cloning of the nef-gag operon into a replicative plasmid resulted in strains of low genetic stability that rapidly lost the plasmid in vivo. Thus, the nef-gag operon was inserted site specifically into the BCG chromosome by means of mycobacteriophage Ms6-derived vectors. The resulting integrative rBCG(nef-gag) strains showed very high genetic stability both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo expression of the heterologous genes was much longer lived when the expression cassette was inserted into the BCG chromosome. In one of the strains obtained, integrative cloning did not reduce the expression levels of the genes even though a single copy was present. Accordingly, this strain induced cellular immune responses of the same magnitude as that of the replicative rBCG strain containing several copies of the genes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Bacteriophages
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomes, Bacterial
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- DNA, Viral
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Gene Products, nef/genetics
- Gene Products, nef/immunology
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mutagenesis, Insertional/methods
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mycobacterium bovis/genetics
- Mycobacterium bovis/virology
- Operon
- Plasmids
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Méderlé
- Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Scott-Algara D, Aboulker JP, Durier C, Badell E, Marcellin F, Prud'homme M, Jouanne C, Meiffredy V, Brun-Vezinet F, Pialoux G, Raffi F. CD4 T cell recovery is slower in patients experiencing viral load rebounds during HAART. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 126:295-303. [PMID: 11703374 PMCID: PMC1906208 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether viral load rebounds during HAART impact on CD4+ T cell recovery and immune reconstitution, we studied a prospective cohort of 355 antiretroviral naive patients enrolled to be randomized in a trial of three strategies of induction/maintenance HAART. The extent of immune reconstitution in blood through 72 weeks of antiretroviral treatment was evaluated. Lymphocyte subset markers (CD4, CD8, CD45RA, CD62L, CD16, CD19), activation markers (HLA-DR, CD38, CD25) were performed by cytometry analysis. Our results showed that plasma HIV-1 RNA was suppressed to below 500 copies per ml through week 72 in 240 patients (group 1) while the remaining 115 patients experienced at least one viral rebound (group 2). At baseline, CD4 cell count was higher and HIV-1 RNA was lower in group 1 than in group 2. Over 72 weeks, mean increase in CD4+ T cell count was 0.32 cell/mm3/day in group 1 and only 0.14 cell/mm3/day in group 2 (P < 0.0001). However, the patterns of changes in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets during therapy were very similar across the two groups with only subtle and very limited differences. We conclude that permanent control of HIV replication could be necessary for faster immune reconstitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Scott-Algara
- Unité d'Immuno-Hématologie et d'Immuno-Pathologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Brahimi K, Badell E, Sauzet JP, BenMohamed L, Daubersies P, Guérin-Marchand C, Snounou G, Druilhe P. Human antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage antigen 3 cross-react with Plasmodium yoelii preerythrocytic-stage epitopes and inhibit sporozoite invasion in vitro and in vivo. Infect Immun 2001; 69:3845-52. [PMID: 11349050 PMCID: PMC98406 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.6.3845-3952.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage antigen 3 (LSA3), a recently identified preerythrocytic antigen, induces protection against malaria in chimpanzees. Using antibodies from individuals with hyperimmunity to malaria affinity purified on recombinant or synthetic polypeptides of LSA3, we identified four non-cross-reactive B-cell epitopes in Plasmodium yoelii preerythrocytic stages. On sporozoites the P. yoelii protein detected has a molecular mass similar to that of LSA3. T-cell epitopes cross-reacting with P. yoelii were also demonstrated using peripheral blood lymphocytes from LSA3-immunized chimpanzees. In contrast, no cross-reactive epitopes were found in Plasmodium berghei. LSA3-specific human antibodies exerted up to 100% inhibition of in vitro invasion of P. yoelii sporozoites into mouse hepatocytes. This strong in vitro activity was reproduced in vivo by passive transfer of LSA3 antibodies. These results indicate that the homologous epitopes may be biologically functional and suggest that P. yoelii could be used as a model to assess the antisporozoite activity of anti-LSA3 antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Brahimi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Biomédicale, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Moreno A, Badell E, Van Rooijen N, Druilhe P. Human malaria in immunocompromised mice: new in vivo model for chemotherapy studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1847-53. [PMID: 11353636 PMCID: PMC90556 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.6.1847-1853.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2000] [Accepted: 03/30/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently designed a new Plasmodium falciparum mouse model and documented its potential for the study of immune effector mechanisms. In order to determine its value for drug studies, we evaluated its response to existing antimalarial drugs compared to that observed in humans. Immunocompromised BXN (bg/bg xid/xid nu/nu) mice were infected with either the sensitive NF54 strain or the multiresistant T24 strain and then treated with chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, or dihydroartemisinin. A parallelism was observed between previously reported human responses and P. falciparum-parasitized human red blood cell (huRBC)--BXN mouse responses to classical antimalarial drugs, measured in terms of speed of decrease in parasitemia and of morphological alterations of the parasites. Mice infected with the sensitive strain were successfully cured after treatment with either chloroquine or mefloquine. In contrast, mice infected with the multiresistant strain failed to be cured by chloroquine or quinine but thereafter responded to dihydroartemisinin treatment. The speed of parasite clearance and the morphological alterations induced differed for each drug and matched previously reported observations, hence stressing the relevance of the model. These data thus suggest that P. falciparum-huRBC-BXN mice can provide a valuable in vivo system and should be included in the short list of animals that can be used for the evaluation of P. falciparum responses to drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Moreno
- Biomedical Parasitology Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Badell E, Oeuvray C, Moreno A, Soe S, van Rooijen N, Bouzidi A, Druilhe P. Human malaria in immunocompromised mice: an in vivo model to study defense mechanisms against Plasmodium falciparum. J Exp Med 2000; 192:1653-60. [PMID: 11104807 PMCID: PMC2193098 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.11.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2000] [Accepted: 10/06/2000] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently described that sustained Plasmodium falciparum growth could be obtained in immunodeficient mice. We now report the potential of this new mouse model by assaying the effect of the passive transfer of antibodies (Abs) which in humans have had a well-established effect.Our results show that the total African adult hyperimmune immunoglobulin Gs (HI-IgGs) strongly reduce P. falciparum parasitemia similarly to that reported in humans, but only when mice are concomitantly reconstituted with human monocytes (HuMNs). In contrast, neither HI-IgGs nor HuMNs alone had any direct effect upon parasitemia. We assessed the in vivo effect of epitope-specific human Abs affinity-purified on peptides derived either from the ring erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) or the merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3). The inoculation of low concentrations of anti-synthetic peptide from MSP3, but not of anti-RESA Abs, consistently suppressed P. falciparum in the presence of HuMNs. Parasitemia decrease was stronger and faster than that observed using HI-IgGs and as fast as that induced by chloroquine. Our observations demonstrate that this mouse model is of great value to evaluate the protective effect of different Abs with distinct specificity in the same animal, a step hardly accessible and therefore never performed before in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Badell
- Bio-Medical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claude Oeuvray
- Bio-Medical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alicia Moreno
- Bio-Medical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Soe Soe
- Bio-Medical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pierre Druilhe
- Bio-Medical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fidock DA, Pasquetto V, Gras H, Badell E, Eling W, Ballou WR, Belghiti J, Tartar A, Druilhe P. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite invasion is inhibited by naturally acquired or experimentally induced polyclonal antibodies to the STARP antigen. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:2502-13. [PMID: 9368603 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830271007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibody(Ab)-mediated inhibition of sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes is a mechanism that has been clearly demonstrated to act upon Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic stages in humans. Consequently we have analyzed the Ab response to a recently identified P. falciparum sporozoite surface protein, STARP, in malaria-exposed individuals and tested the inhibitory effect of these Ab upon hepatocyte invasion in vitro. STARP-specific IgG were detected in 90 and 61% of sera from regions where individuals were exposed to 100 and 1-5 infectious bites per year, respectively. These IgG were predominantly of the cytophilic IgG1 or IgG3 type. STARP and the major sporozoite surface protein, CS, elicited equivalent IgG levels in adults. When affinity purified from either African immune sera or the serum of an individual experimentally protected by irradiated sporozoite immunization, STARP-specific Ab prevented up to 90% of sporozoites from invading human hepatocytes. The dose-dependent and reproducible inhibition was more pronounced than that observed with human CS-specific Ab affinity purified under identical conditions. Substantial reduction of sporozoite invasion was also observed with Ab induced by artificial immunization with recombinant STARP protein and reactive with the native protein. Taken together with recent findings of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for this antigen, these results promote the interest of studying the efficacy of STARP as a target for immune effector mechanisms operating upon pre-erythrocytic stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Fidock
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Bio-Médicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
|
50
|
Infante RB, Pérez M, Di Prisco-Fuenmayor MC, Badell E, Lynch NR. Determination of phagocytosis of Leishmania spp. by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes using anti-Leishmania monoclonal antibodies. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1991; 1:209-12. [PMID: 1727010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis of Leishmania is an early event in the capacity of human polymorphonuclear cells to limit the spread of this infectious agent. We compared two methods to assess the phagocytosis of Leishmania by PMN cells; the first using histochemical staining with Wright or Giemsa, and the second using the immunoperoxidase technique with anti-Leishmania monoclonal antibodies. The quantitative results obtained with either of the cytochemical methods were comparable with the immunoperoxidase technique, but the latter offered the advantage of an easier identification of the intracellular parasites. This improvement greatly reduced the time required to quantify phagocytosis compared to the conventional staining techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Infante
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biomedica (Panamerican Center for Research Training in Leprosy and Tropical Diseases, PAHO-WHO), Central University of Venezuela, Caracas
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|