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Myrmel LS, Øyen J, Brantsæter AL, Fjære E, Haugvaldstad K, Birkeland KI, Nygård O, Kristiansen K, Egeland GM, Madsen L. Intake of different types of seafood and meat and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a prospective study supported by a dietary intervention in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8950. [PMID: 38637574 PMCID: PMC11026463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Detailed knowledge regarding the associations between intake of different types of seafood and meat and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and insight into possible mechanisms are warranted. In this study we aimed to evaluate the associations between intake of different types of seafood and meat and the subsequent risk of T2D using the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and furthermore, by using a mouse model to gain further insight into possible molecular mechanisms contributing to the associated metabolic changes. Women in MoBa who were free of pharmacologically treated diabetes at baseline (n = 60,777) were prospectively evaluated for incident T2D, identified on the basis of medication usages > 90 days after delivery, ascertained by the Norwegian Prescription Database. Dietary intake was obtained with a validated 255-item food frequency questionnaire which assessed habitual diet during the first 4-5 months of pregnancy. Metabolic phenotypes and plasma metabolome were investigated in female mice fed isocaloric diets with different types of seafood and meat mimicking the dietary intake in the human cohort. During maximum 10-year and mean (SD) 7.2 (1.6) years follow-up time, 681 (1.1%) women developed pharmacologically treated T2D. All statistical models identified a higher risk of T2D with increased shellfish intake, whereas no associations were observed for total seafood, fatty fish, total meat and red meat in the adjusted models. In mice, the shellfish-based western diet induced reduced glucose tolerance and insulin secretion compared to the diet based on lean fish, and we identified a number of metabolites elevated in plasma from shellfish-fed mice that correlated with glucose intolerance. Mice fed a western diet based on meat also exhibited reduced glucose tolerance in comparison to lean fish fed mice, whereas mice fed fatty fish, total seafood or red meat did not differ from lean fish fed mice. We observed a diet-specific metabolic signature in plasma demonstrating five distinct metabolite profiles in mice fed shellfish, fatty fish, total seafood/lean fish, a mixed diet and meat. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that different types of seafood have different outcome on T2D risk. In women, intake of shellfish was associated with higher risk of T2D. In female mice, a shellfish enriched diet reduced glucose tolerance and altered the abundance of several distinct plasma metabolites correlating with glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene S Myrmel
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jannike Øyen
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Department of Food Safety, Centre for Sustainable Diets, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, P.O. Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karen Haugvaldstad
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Grace M Egeland
- Department of Health Registry Research and Development, Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Sentrum, P.O. Box 973, 5808, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5200, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7804, 5200, Bergen, Norway
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2
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Brealey JC, Kodama M, Rasmussen JA, Hansen SB, Santos-Bay L, Lecaudey LA, Hansen M, Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Madsen L, Bernhard A, Sveier H, Kristiansen K, Gilbert MTP, Martin MD, Limborg MT. Host-gut microbiota interactions shape parasite infections in farmed Atlantic salmon. mSystems 2024; 9:e0104323. [PMID: 38294254 PMCID: PMC10886447 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01043-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals and their associated microbiota share long evolutionary histories. However, it is not always clear how host genotype and microbiota interact to affect phenotype. We applied a hologenomic approach to explore how host-microbiota interactions shape lifetime growth and parasite infection in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Multi-omics data sets were generated from the guts of 460 salmon, 82% of which were naturally infected with an intestinal cestode. A single Mycoplasma bacterial strain, MAG01, dominated the gut metagenome of large, non-parasitized fish, consistent with previous studies showing high levels of Mycoplasma in the gut microbiota of healthy salmon. While small and/or parasitized salmon also had high abundance of MAG01, we observed increased alpha diversity in these individuals, driven by increased frequency of low-abundance Vibrionaceae and other Mycoplasma species that carried known virulence genes. Colonization by one of these cestode-associated Mycoplasma strains was associated with host individual genomic variation in long non-coding RNAs. Integrating the multi-omic data sets revealed coordinated changes in the salmon gut mRNA transcriptome and metabolome that correlated with shifts in the microbiota of smaller, parasitized fish. Our results suggest that the gut microbiota of small and/or parasitized fish is in a state of dysbiosis that partly depends on the host genotype, highlighting the value of using a hologenomic approach to incorporate the microbiota into the study of host-parasite dynamics.IMPORTANCEStudying host-microbiota interactions through the perspective of the hologenome is gaining interest across all life sciences. Intestinal parasite infections are a huge burden on human and animal health; however, there are few studies investigating the role of the hologenome during parasite infections. We address this gap in the largest multi-omics fish microbiota study to date using natural cestode infection of farmed Atlantic salmon. We find a clear association between cestode infection, salmon lifetime growth, and perturbation of the salmon gut microbiota. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence that the genetic background of the host may partly determine how the gut microbiota changes during parasite-associated dysbiosis. Our study therefore highlights the value of a hologenomic approach for gaining a more in-depth understanding of parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaelle C Brealey
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Miyako Kodama
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob A Rasmussen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren B Hansen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luisa Santos-Bay
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurène A Lecaudey
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Aquaculture Department, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael D Martin
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten T Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Aakre I, Tveit IB, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Ballance S, Rosendal‐Riise H. Bioavailability of iodine from a meal consisting of sushi and a wakame seaweed salad-A randomized crossover trial. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7707-7717. [PMID: 38107121 PMCID: PMC10724604 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of seaweed is on the rise in the Western world. Seaweeds may contain substantial amounts of iodine, and some species could serve as a potential dietary iodine source. However, limited data on the iodine content and in vivo bioavailability of iodine from seaweeds exist. The objective was to assess whether iodine from a meal consisting of sushi with nori, (Porphyra spp) and a wakame seaweed salad (Undaria pinnatifida) had similar bioavailability as a potassium iodide reference supplement of similar iodine content. A randomized 2 × 2 crossover trial (AB/BA model) was conducted in 20 healthy young women. One intervention arm consisted of a meal with sushi and wakame salad (231 μg iodine), and the other of potassium iodide (KI) supplement (225 μg iodine). Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured at 11 different time points for 48 h after the interventions. The UIC increased after consumption of both the sushi and wakame meal and the KI supplement, but the median UIC was higher after ingestion of the KI supplement. The estimated bioavailability of iodine during the first 24 h was 75% from sushi with wakame and 97% from the KI supplement. The bioequivalence analyses confirmed that the KI supplement had higher estimated bioavailability than the sushi and wakame meal, however, with small margins. Our findings on iodine bioavailability imply that sushi and wakame could be potential iodine sources in the diet, which may be favorable for population groups at risk for iodine deficiency. However, further research is needed to account for the variability of iodine content in seaweeds by different locations and degree of processing, to assure that the iodine levels are stable and predictable for the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Aakre
- Marine ToxicologyInstitute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
| | | | | | - Even Fjære
- Feed and NutritionInstitute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima ASNorwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Hanne Rosendal‐Riise
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory and Center for Nutrition, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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Fjære E, Secher Myrmel L, Rasinger JD, Bernhard A, Frøyland L, Madsen L. Refined mackerel oil increases hepatic lipid accumulation and reduces choline and choline-containing metabolites in the liver tissue in mice fed a Western diet. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113450. [PMID: 37803779 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of consuming refined mackerel oil (MO) from rest raw material on hepatic fat accumulation, glucose tolerance, and metabolomic changes in the liver from male C57BL/6N mice. The mice were fed either a Western diet (WD) or a chow diet, with 30 g or 60 g MO per kg of diet (3% or 6%) for 13 weeks. Body weight, energy intake, and feed efficiency were monitored throughout the experiment. A glucose tolerance test was conducted after 11 weeks, and metabolomic analyses of the liver were performed at termination. Inclusion of MO in the WD, but not in the chow diet, led to increased liver weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, elevated fasting blood glucose, reduced glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. Hepatic levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid increased, but no changes in levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were observed. The liver metabolomic profile was different between mice fed a WD with or without MO, with a reduction in choline ether lipids, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins in mice fed MO. This study demonstrates that supplementing the WD, but not the chow diet, with refined MO accelerates accumulation of hepatic fat droplets and negatively affects blood glucose regulation. The detrimental effects of supplementing a WD with MO were accompanied by increased fat digestibility and overall energy intake, and lower levels of choline and choline-containing metabolites in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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5
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Azad AM, Bernhard A, Shen A, Myrmel LS, Lundebye AK, Lecaudey LA, Fjære E, Tri Ho Q, Sveier H, Kristiansen K, Limborg MT, Madsen L. Metabolic effects of diet containing blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and blue mussel-fed salmon in a mouse model of obesity. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112927. [PMID: 37254353 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternative feed ingredients for farmed salmon are warranted due to increasing pressure on wild fish stocks. As locally farmed blue mussels may represent an environmentally sustainable substitute with a lower carbon footprint, we aimed to test the potential and safety of substituting fish meal with blue mussel meal in feed for Atlantic salmon. Salmon were fed diets in which fish meal was partially replaced with blue mussel meal in increments, accounting for up to 13.1 % of the ingredients. Fillets from the salmon were subsequently used to prepare obesity-promoting western diets for a 13-weeks mouse feeding trial. In a second mouse trial, we tested the effects of inclusion of up to 8% blue mussel meal directly in a meat-based western diet. Partial replacement of fish meal with blue mussel meal in fish feed preserved the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in salmon fillets. The observed blue mussel-induced changes in the fatty acid profiles in salmon fillets did not translate into similar changes in the livers of mice that consumed the salmon, and no clear dose-dependent responses were found. The relative levels of the marine n-3 fatty acids, EPA, and DHA were not reduced, and the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios in livers from all salmon-fed mice were unchanged. The inclusion of blue mussel meal in a meat-based western diet led to a small, but dose-dependent increase in the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios in mice livers. Diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis were unaffected in both mice trials and no blue mussel-induced adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that replacing fish meal with blue mussel meal in salmon feed will not cause adverse effects in those who consume the salmon fillets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Shen
- Institute of Marine Research, Norway
| | | | | | - Laurène Alicia Lecaudey
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; SINTEF Ocean, Aquaculture Department, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Tønsberg Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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6
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Fjære E, Poulsen R, Duinker A, Liaset B, Hansen M, Madsen L, Myrmel LS. Iodine Bioavailability and Accumulation of Arsenic and Cadmium in Rats Fed Sugar Kelp ( Saccharina latissima). Foods 2022; 11:foods11243943. [PMID: 36553687 PMCID: PMC9777903 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal iodine status is a prominent public health issue in several European coun-tries. Brown algae have a high iodine content that, upon intake, may exceed the recommended dietary intake level, but iodine bioavailability has been reported to be lower than from potassium iodide (KI) and highly depends on algae species. Further, potential negative effects from other components in algae, such as cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), have also been addressed. In this study, we observed a lower bioavailability of iodine from farmed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) than from KI in female Wistar IGS rats. Urinary iodine excretion was 94-95% in rats fed KI and 73-81% in rats fed sugar kelp, followed by increased faecal iodine levels in rats fed sugar kelp. No effects on body weight, feed efficiency, or plasma markers for liver or kidney damage were detected. The highest dose of iodine reduced plasma free thyroxine (fT4) and total T4 levels, but no significant effects on circulating levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodo-thyronine (fT3) were detected. Faeces and urine measurements indicate that 60-80% of total As and 93% of Cd ingested were excreted in rats fed 0.5 and 5% kelp. Liver metabolomic profiling demonstrates that a high inclusion of sugar kelp in the diet for 13 weeks of feeding modulates metabolites with potential antioxidant activity and phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-55-23-85-00
| | - Rikke Poulsen
- Environmental Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Arne Duinker
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Hansen
- Environmental Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Jersin RÅ, Tallapragada DSP, Madsen A, Skartveit L, Fjære E, McCann A, Lawrence-Archer L, Willems A, Bjune JI, Bjune MS, Våge V, Nielsen HJ, Thorsen HL, Nedrebø BG, Busch C, Steen VM, Blüher M, Jacobson P, Svensson PA, Fernø J, Rydén M, Arner P, Nygård O, Claussnitzer M, Ellingsen S, Madsen L, Sagen JV, Mellgren G, Dankel SN. Role of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SLC7A10 in Adipocyte Lipid Storage, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2021; 70:680-695. [PMID: 33408126 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of mechanisms that govern lipid storage, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance may lead to improved therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related diseases. Here, we find that adipose expression of the small neutral amino acid transporter SLC7A10, also known as alanine-serine-cysteine transporter-1 (ASC-1), shows strong inverse correlates with visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and adipocyte hypertrophy across multiple cohorts. Concordantly, loss of Slc7a10 function in zebrafish in vivo accelerates diet-induced body weight gain and adipocyte enlargement. Mechanistically, SLC7A10 inhibition in human and murine adipocytes decreases adipocyte serine uptake and total glutathione levels and promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Conversely, SLC7A10 overexpression decreases ROS generation and increases mitochondrial respiratory capacity. RNA sequencing revealed consistent changes in gene expression between human adipocytes and zebrafish visceral adipose tissue following loss of SLC7A10, e.g., upregulation of SCD (lipid storage) and downregulation of CPT1A (lipid oxidation). Interestingly, ROS scavenger reduced lipid accumulation and attenuated the lipid-storing effect of SLC7A10 inhibition. These data uncover adipocyte SLC7A10 as a novel important regulator of adipocyte resilience to nutrient and oxidative stress, in part by enhancing glutathione levels and mitochondrial respiration, conducive to decreased ROS generation, lipid accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Å Jersin
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Divya Sri Priyanka Tallapragada
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - André Madsen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Linn Skartveit
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Laurence Lawrence-Archer
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aron Willems
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan-Inge Bjune
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mona S Bjune
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Villy Våge
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Center of Health Research, Førde Hospital Trust, Førde, Norway
| | | | | | - Bjørn Gunnar Nedrebø
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | | | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical Research Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Jacobson
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Fernø
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ståle Ellingsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Stem Cell Consortium, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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8
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Jensen BAH, Holm JB, Larsen IS, von Burg N, Derer S, Sonne SB, Pærregaard SI, Damgaard MV, Indrelid SA, Rivollier A, Agrinier AL, Sulek K, Arnoldussen YJ, Fjære E, Marette A, Angell IL, Rudi K, Treebak JT, Madsen L, Åkesson CP, Agace W, Sina C, Kleiveland CR, Kristiansen K, Lea TE. Lysates of Methylococcus capsulatus Bath induce a lean-like microbiota, intestinal FoxP3 +RORγt +IL-17 + Tregs and improve metabolism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1093. [PMID: 33597537 PMCID: PMC7889900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between host and gut microbial communities are modulated by diets and play pivotal roles in immunological homeostasis and health. We show that exchanging the protein source in a high fat, high sugar, westernized diet from casein to whole-cell lysates of the non-commensal bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus Bath is sufficient to reverse western diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota to a state resembling that of lean, low fat diet-fed mice, both under mild thermal stress (T22 °C) and at thermoneutrality (T30 °C). Concomitant with microbiota changes, mice fed the Methylococcus-based western diet exhibit improved glucose regulation, reduced body and liver fat, and diminished hepatic immune infiltration. Intake of the Methylococcu-based diet markedly boosts Parabacteroides abundances in a manner depending on adaptive immunity, and upregulates triple positive (Foxp3+RORγt+IL-17+) regulatory T cells in the small and large intestine. Collectively, these data point to the potential for leveraging the use of McB lysates to improve immunometabolic homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Homeostasis/immunology
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Intestine, Large/immunology
- Intestine, Large/metabolism
- Intestine, Large/microbiology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Male
- Methylococcus capsulatus/chemistry
- Methylococcus capsulatus/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microbiota/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Obesity/immunology
- Proteins/immunology
- Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A H Jensen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Laval, QC, Canada.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jacob B Holm
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Microbiomics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida S Larsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole von Burg
- Mucosal Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Si B Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone I Pærregaard
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mucosal Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads V Damgaard
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine A Indrelid
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aymeric Rivollier
- Mucosal Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Laure Agrinier
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yke J Arnoldussen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Inga L Angell
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Caroline Piercey Åkesson
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - William Agace
- Mucosal Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Charlotte R Kleiveland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Institute of Metagenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
| | - Tor E Lea
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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9
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Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Dybing K, Kuda O, Holbech Jensen BA, Rossmeisl M, Frøyland L, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3038. [PMID: 33022997 PMCID: PMC7600456 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fillets from marine fish species contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the form of phospholipids (PLs). To investigate the importance of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs in mediating the anti-obesogenic effect of lean seafood, we compared the anti-obesogenic properties of fillets from cod with fillets from pangasius, a fresh water fish with a very low content of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs. We prepared high-fat/high-protein diets using chicken, cod and pangasius as the protein sources, and fed male C57BL/6J mice these diets for 12 weeks. Mice fed the diet containing cod gained less adipose tissue mass and had smaller white adipocytes than mice fed the chicken-containing diet, whereas mice fed the pangasius-containing diet were in between mice fed the chicken-containing diet and mice fed the cod-containing diet. Of note, mice fed the pangasius-containing diet exhibited reduced glucose tolerance compared to mice fed the cod-containing diet. Although the sum of marine n-3 PUFAs comprised less than 2% of the total fatty acids in the cod-containing diet, this was sufficient to significantly increase the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in mouse tissues and enhance production of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as compared with mice fed pangasius or chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Karianne Dybing
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (O.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Benjamin Anderschou Holbech Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (O.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Livar Frøyland
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
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10
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Øyen J, Aadland EK, Liaset B, Fjære E, Dahl L, Madsen L. Lean-seafood intake increases urinary iodine concentrations and plasma selenium levels: a randomized controlled trial with crossover design. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1679-1689. [PMID: 32856189 PMCID: PMC7987597 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iodine deficiency due to insufficient nutritional intake is a public health challenge in several European countries, including Norway. Lean-seafood has a high iodine and arsenic (As) content and is a good source of selenium (Se). Evidence of a direct effect of increased intake of lean-seafood on iodine status is limited. The main aims were to determine the iodine status at baseline and to investigate possible dietary effects on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) after intervention with lean-seafood versus non-seafood. Plasma Se, and plasma and urinary As concentrations were also measured. METHODS A randomized controlled crossover study comprising two 4 weeks experimental periods with two balanced diets varied in main proteins (60% of total dietary proteins) of lean-seafood and non-seafood, separated by a 5 week washout period. RESULTS Twenty participants (7 males, 13 females) were included and the mean ± SD age was 50.6 ± 15.3 years for all participants. Fasting UIC was median (25th, 75th percentile) 70 (38, 110) and 79 (49, 94) µg/L in the lean-seafood and non-seafood intervention at baseline, respectively. UIC increased after 4 weeks of the lean-seafood intervention to 135 (110, 278) µg/L, but not after the non-seafood intervention [58 (33, 91) µg/L] (P diet-effect < 0.001). Fasting plasma Se increased in the lean-seafood intervention and decreased in the non-seafood intervention (P diet-effect = 0.001). Fasting urinary and plasma As increased in the lean-seafood intervention and was unchanged in the non-seafood intervention (P diet-effect < 0.001). CONCLUSION The participant's UIC was below the recommended median (100 µg/L) at baseline, but increased sufficiently after a 4 week intervention with lean-seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannike Øyen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Eli Kristin Aadland
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Dahl
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe N, Sonne SB, Larsen JM, Hansen AN, Fjære E, Isidor MS, Petersen S, Henningsen J, Severi I, Sartini L, Schober Y, Wolf J, Nockher WA, Wolfrum C, Cinti S, Sina C, Hansen JB, Madsen L, Brix S, Kristiansen K. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in adipocytes reduces fat accumulation in inguinal white adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8979. [PMID: 31222118 PMCID: PMC6586826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases are known as important regulators of metabolism and immune processes via conversion of C20 fatty acids into various regulatory lipid mediators, and cyclooxygenase activity has been implicated in browning of white adipose tissues. We generated transgenic (TG) C57BL/6 mice expressing the Ptgs2 gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mature adipocytes. TG mice fed a high-fat diet displayed marginally lower weight gain with less hepatic steatosis and a slight improvement in insulin sensitivity, but no difference in glucose tolerance. Compared to littermate wildtype mice, TG mice selectively reduced inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass and fat cell size, whereas the epididymal (eWAT) fat depot remained unchanged. The changes in iWAT were accompanied by increased levels of specific COX-derived lipid mediators and increased mRNA levels of interleukin-33, interleukin-4 and arginase-1, but not increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 or increased energy expenditure. Epididymal WAT (eWAT) in TG mice exhibited few changes except from increased infiltration with eosinophils. Our findings suggest a role for COX-2-derived lipid mediators from adipocytes in mediating type 2 immunity cues in subcutaneous WAT associated with decreased hepatic steatosis, but with no accompanying induction of browning and increased energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ann Normann Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Sophie Isidor
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Petersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Henningsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilenia Severi
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Loris Sartini
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Yvonne Schober
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - W Andreas Nockher
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, SLA C94, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Saverio Cinti
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jacob B Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Metagenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
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12
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Ersland KM, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Berge RK, Madsen L, Steen VM, Skrede S. One-Year Treatment with Olanzapine Depot in Female Rats: Metabolic Effects. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:358-369. [PMID: 30854556 PMCID: PMC6499254 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drugs can negatively affect the metabolic status of patients, with olanzapine as one of the most potent drugs. While patients are often medicated for long time periods, experiments in rats typically run for 1 to 12 weeks, showing olanzapine-related weight gain and increased plasma lipid levels, with transcriptional upregulation of lipogenic genes in liver and adipose tissue. It remains unknown whether metabolic status will deteriorate with time. METHODS To examine long-term metabolic effects, we administered intramuscular long-acting injections of olanzapine (100 mg/kg BW) or control substance to female rats for up to 13 months. RESULTS Exposure to olanzapine long-acting injections led to rapid weight gain, which was sustained throughout the experiment. At 1, 6, and 13 months, plasma lipid levels were measured in separate cohorts of rats, displaying no increase. Hepatic transcription of lipid-related genes was transiently upregulated at 1 month. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests indicated insulin resistance in olanzapine-treated rats after 12 months. CONCLUSION Our data show that the continuous increase in body weight in response to long-term olanzapine exposure was accompanied by surprisingly few concomitant changes in plasma lipids and lipogenic gene expression, suggesting that adaptive mechanisms are involved to reduce long-term metabolic adverse effects of this antipsychotic agent in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari M Ersland
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway,Dr. Einar Martens’ Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vidar M Steen
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway,Dr. Einar Martens’ Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Correspondence: Professor Vidar M. Steen, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ()
| | - Silje Skrede
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway,Dr. Einar Martens’ Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Lützhøft DO, Andersen H, Holm JB, Kiilerich P, Hannisdal R, Liaset B, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. Effects of exercise and dietary protein sources on adiposity and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 66:98-109. [PMID: 30776610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Low-fat diets and exercise are generally assumed to ameliorate obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions, but the importance of exercise vs. dietary changes is debated. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet to induce obesity and then either maintained on the HF/HS or shifted to low-fat (LF) diets containing either salmon or entrecote. For each diet, half of the animals exercised voluntarily for 8 weeks. We determined body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and hepatic triacylglycerol levels. The microbiota composition in cecal and fecal samples was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Voluntary exercise improved insulin sensitivity but did not improve glucose tolerance. Voluntary exercise did not reduce adiposity in mice maintained on an HF/HS diet but enhanced LF-induced reduction in adiposity. Hepatic triacylglycerol levels were reduced by voluntary exercise in LF- but not HF/HS-fed mice. Voluntary exercise induced shifts in the cecal and fecal microbiota composition and functional potential in mice fed LF or HF/HS diets. Whereas voluntary exercise improved insulin sensitivity, a switch to an LF diet was the most important factor related to body weight and fat mass reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Ditte Olsen Lützhøft
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Bak Holm
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Kiilerich
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Lundsgaard AM, Holm JB, Sjøberg KA, Bojsen-Møller KN, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Jensen BAH, Nicolaisen TS, Hingst JR, Hansen SL, Doll S, Geyer PE, Deshmukh AS, Holst JJ, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Kiens B. Mechanisms Preserving Insulin Action during High Dietary Fat Intake. Cell Metab 2019; 29:50-63.e4. [PMID: 30269983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged intervention studies investigating molecular metabolism are necessary for a deeper understanding of dietary effects on health. Here we provide mechanistic information about metabolic adaptation to fat-rich diets. Healthy, slightly overweight men ingested saturated or polyunsaturated fat-rich diets for 6 weeks during weight maintenance. Hyperinsulinemic clamps combined with leg balance technique revealed unchanged peripheral insulin sensitivity, independent of fatty acid type. Both diets increased fat oxidation potential in muscle. Hepatic insulin clearance increased, while glucose production, de novo lipogenesis, and plasma triacylglycerol decreased. High fat intake changed the plasma proteome in the immune-supporting direction and the gut microbiome displayed changes at taxonomical and functional level with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). In mice, eucaloric feeding of human PUFA and saturated fatty acid diets lowered hepatic triacylglycerol content compared with low-fat-fed control mice, and induced adaptations in the liver supportive of decreased gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. Intake of fat-rich diets thus induces extensive metabolic adaptations enabling disposition of dietary fat without metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jacob B Holm
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Microbiomics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | | | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Benjamin A H Jensen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Trine S Nicolaisen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sine L Hansen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sophia Doll
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Philip E Geyer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Atul S Deshmukh
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Clinical Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Metagenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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15
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Lundsgaard AM, Holm JB, Sjøberg KA, Bojsen-Møller KN, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Jensen BAH, Nicolaisen TS, Hingst JR, Hansen SL, Doll S, Geyer PE, Deshmukh AS, Holst JJ, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Kiens B. Mechanisms Preserving Insulin Action during High Dietary Fat Intake. Cell Metab 2019; 29:229. [PMID: 30625306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Abstract
High protein diets have become popular for body weight maintenance and weight loss despite controversies regarding efficacy and safety. Although both weight gain and weight loss are determined by energy consumption and expenditure, data from rodent trials consistently demonstrate that the protein:carbohydrate ratio in high fat diets strongly influences body and fat mass gain per calorie eaten. Here, we review data from rodent trials examining how high protein diets may modulate energy metabolism and the mechanisms by which energy may be dissipated. We discuss the possible role of activating brown and so-called beige/BRITE adipocytes including non-canonical UCP1-independent thermogenesis and futile cycles, where two opposing metabolic pathways are operating simultaneously. We further review data on how the gut microbiota may affect energy expenditure. Results from human and rodent trials demonstrate that human trials are less consistent than rodent trials, where casein is used almost exclusively as the protein source. The lack of consistency in results from human trials may relate to the specific design of human trials, the possible distinct impact of different protein sources, and/or the differences in the efficiency of high protein diets to attenuate obesity development in lean subjects vs. promoting weight loss in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Fauske KR, Bernhard A, Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Frøyland L, Kristiansen K, Liaset B, Madsen L. Effects of Frozen Storage on Phospholipid Content in Atlantic Cod Fillets and the Influence on Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060695. [PMID: 29848963 PMCID: PMC6024676 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A large fraction of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in cod fillet is present in the form of phospholipids (PLs). Freezing initiates hydrolysis of the PLs present in the fillet. Here, we compared the effects of Western diets based on frozen cod, fresh cod or pork with a diet based on casein in male C57BL/6J mice fed for 12 weeks at thermoneutrality. Diets based on fresh cod contained more PL-bound n-3 PUFAs (3.12 mg/g diet) than diets based on frozen cod (1.9 mg/g diet). Mice fed diets containing pork and fresh cod, but not frozen cod, gained more body and fat mass than casein-fed mice. Additionally, the bioavailability of n-3 PUFAs present in the cod fillets was not influenced by storage conditions. In a second experiment, diets with pork as the protein source were supplemented with n-3 PUFAs in the form of PL or triacylglycerol (TAG) to match the levels of the diet containing fresh cod. Adding PL-bound, but not TAG-bound, n-3 PUFAs, to the pork-based diet increased body and fat mass gain. Thus, supplementation with PL-bound n-3 PUFAs did not protect against, but rather promoted, obesity development in mice fed a pork-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Røen Fauske
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Annette Bernhard
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Livar Frøyland
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Bjørn Liaset
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Madsen L, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Liaset B, Kristiansen K. Links between Dietary Protein Sources, the Gut Microbiota, and Obesity. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1047. [PMID: 29311977 PMCID: PMC5742165 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between the gut microbiota and obesity is well documented in both humans and in animal models. It is also demonstrated that dietary factors can change the gut microbiota composition and obesity development. However, knowledge of how diet, metabolism and gut microbiota mutually interact and modulate energy metabolism and obesity development is still limited. Epidemiological studies indicate an association between intake of certain dietary protein sources and obesity. Animal studies confirm that different protein sources vary in their ability to either prevent or induce obesity. Different sources of protein such as beans, vegetables, dairy, seafood, and meat differ in amino acid composition. Further, the type and level of other factors, such as fatty acids and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) vary between dietary protein sources. All these factors can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and may thereby influence their obesogenic properties. This review summarizes evidence of how different protein sources affect energy efficiency, obesity development, and the gut microbiota, linking protein-dependent changes in the gut microbiota with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Madsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lene S Myrmel
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Xiao L, Sonne SB, Feng Q, Chen N, Xia Z, Li X, Fang Z, Zhang D, Fjære E, Midtbø LK, Derrien M, Hugenholtz F, Tang L, Li J, Zhang J, Liu C, Hao Q, Vogel UB, Mortensen A, Kleerebezem M, Licht TR, Yang H, Wang J, Li Y, Arumugam M, Wang J, Madsen L, Kristiansen K. High-fat feeding rather than obesity drives taxonomical and functional changes in the gut microbiota in mice. Microbiome 2017; 5:43. [PMID: 28390422 PMCID: PMC5385073 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that the microbiota of high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice differs from that of lean mice, but to what extent, this difference reflects the obese state or the diet is unclear. To dissociate changes in the gut microbiota associated with high HF feeding from those associated with obesity, we took advantage of the different susceptibility of C57BL/6JBomTac (BL6) and 129S6/SvEvTac (Sv129) mice to diet-induced obesity and of their different responses to inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, where inhibition of COX activity in BL6 mice prevents HF diet-induced obesity, but in Sv129 mice accentuates obesity. RESULTS Using HiSeq-based whole genome sequencing, we identified taxonomic and functional differences in the gut microbiota of the two mouse strains fed regular low-fat or HF diets with or without supplementation with the COX-inhibitor, indomethacin. HF feeding rather than obesity development led to distinct changes in the gut microbiota. We observed a robust increase in alpha diversity, gene count, abundance of genera known to be butyrate producers, and abundance of genes involved in butyrate production in Sv129 mice compared to BL6 mice fed either a LF or a HF diet. Conversely, the abundance of genes involved in propionate metabolism, associated with increased energy harvest, was higher in BL6 mice than Sv129 mice. CONCLUSIONS The changes in the composition of the gut microbiota were predominantly driven by high-fat feeding rather than reflecting the obese state of the mice. Differences in the abundance of butyrate and propionate producing bacteria in the gut may at least in part contribute to the observed differences in obesity propensity in Sv129 and BL6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qiang Feng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ning Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | | | | | | | | | - Even Fjære
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Postboks 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisa Kolden Midtbø
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Postboks 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6701 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Danone Research, TI Food and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Floor Hugenholtz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6701 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Junhua Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | | | - Chuan Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Qin Hao
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Birgitte Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6701 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | | | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Postboks 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Jensen BAH, Nielsen TS, Fritzen AM, Holm JB, Fjære E, Serup AK, Borkowski K, Risis S, Pærregaard SI, Søgaard I, Poupeau A, Poulsen M, Ma T, Sina C, Kiens B, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Treebak JT. Dietary fat drives whole-body insulin resistance and promotes intestinal inflammation independent of body weight gain. Metabolism 2016; 65:1706-1719. [PMID: 27832859 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The obesogenic potential of high-fat diets (HFD) in rodents is attenuated when the protein:carbohydrate ratio is increased. However, it is not known if intake of an HFD irrespective of the protein:carbohydrate ratio and in the absence of weight gain, affects glucose homeostasis and the gut microbiota. METHODS We fed C57BL6/J mice 3 different HFDs with decreasing protein:carbohydrate ratios for 8weeks and compared the results to a LFD reference group. We analyzed the gut microbiota composition by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and the intestinal gene expression by real-time PCR. Whole body glucose homeostasis was evaluated by insulin and glucose tolerance tests as well as by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiment. RESULTS Compared with LFD-fed reference mice, HFD-fed mice, irrespective of protein:carbohydrate ratio, exhibited impaired glucose tolerance, whereas no differences were observed during insulin tolerance tests. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp revealed tissue-specific effects on glucose homeostasis in all HFD-fed groups. HFD-fed mice exhibited decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in white but not in brown adipose tissue, and sustained endogenous glucose production under insulin-stimulated conditions. We observed no impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscles of different fiber type composition. HFD-feeding altered the gut microbiota composition paralleled by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in gluconeogenesis in intestinal epithelial cells of the jejunum. CONCLUSIONS Intake of a HFD profoundly affected glucose homeostasis, gut inflammatory responses, and gut microbiota composition in the absence of fat mass accretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A H Jensen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob B Holm
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annette K Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steve Risis
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone I Pærregaard
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Søgaard
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Audrey Poupeau
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michelle Poulsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Sina
- Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Kiilerich P, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Hao Q, Hugenholtz F, Sonne SB, Derrien M, Pedersen LM, Petersen RK, Mortensen A, Licht TR, Rømer MU, Vogel UB, Waagbø LJ, Giallourou N, Feng Q, Xiao L, Liu C, Liaset B, Kleerebezem M, Wang J, Madsen L, Kristiansen K. Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E886-99. [PMID: 27026084 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00363.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. Our findings support the notion that reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding is linked to obesity development. Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Kiilerich
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Qin Hao
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lone Møller Pedersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Koefoed Petersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Maria Unni Rømer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Wang
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China, Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China; Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,
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22
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Holm JB, Rønnevik A, Tastesen HS, Fjære E, Fauske KR, Liisberg U, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Liaset B. Diet-induced obesity, energy metabolism and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed Western diets based on lean seafood or lean meat mixtures. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Liisberg U, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Rønnevik AK, Bjelland S, Fauske KR, Holm JB, Basse AL, Hansen JB, Liaset B, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. The protein source determines the potential of high protein diets to attenuate obesity development in C57BL/6J mice. Adipocyte 2016; 5:196-211. [PMID: 27386160 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion that the obesogenic potential of high fat diets in rodents is attenuated when the protein:carbohydrate ratio is increased is largely based on studies using casein or whey as the protein source. We fed C57BL/6J mice high fat-high protein diets using casein, soy, cod, beef, chicken or pork as protein sources. Casein stood out as the most efficient in preventing weight gain and accretion of adipose mass. By contrast, mice fed diets based on pork or chicken, and to a lesser extent mice fed cod or beef protein, had increased adipose tissue mass gain relative to casein fed mice. Decreasing the protein:carbohydrate ratio in diets with casein or pork as protein sources led to accentuated fat mass accumulation. Pork fed mice were more obese than casein fed mice, and relative to casein, the pork-based feed induced substantial accumulation of fat in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue accompanied by decreased UCP1 expression. Furthermore, intake of a low fat diet with casein, but not pork, as a protein source reversed diet-induced obesity. Compared to pork, casein seems unique in maintaining the classical brown morphology in interscapular brown adipose tissue with high UCP1 expression. This was accompanied by increased expression of genes involved in a futile cycling of fatty acids. Our results demonstrate that intake of high protein diets based on other protein sources may not have similar effects, and hence, the obesity protective effect of high protein diets is clearly modulated by protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Liisberg
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander K. Rønnevik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Bjelland
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jacob Bak Holm
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lise Madsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Liisberg U, Fauske KR, Kuda O, Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Norberg N, Frøyland L, Graff IE, Liaset B, Kristiansen K, Kopecky J, Madsen L. Intake of a Western diet containing cod instead of pork alters fatty acid composition in tissue phospholipids and attenuates obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 33:119-27. [PMID: 27155918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The content of the marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is far lower in lean than in fatty seafood. Cod filets contain less than 2g fat per kg, whereof approximately 50% is EPA and DHA. However, a large fraction of these n-3 PUFAs is present in the phospholipid (PL) fraction and may have high bioavailability and capacity to change the endocannabinoid profile. Here we investigated whether exchanging meat from a lean terrestrial animal with cod in a background Western diet would alter the endocannabinoid tone in mice and thereby attenuate obesity development and hepatic lipid accumulation. Accordingly, we prepared iso-caloric diets with 15.1 energy (e) % protein, 39.1 e% fat and 45.8 e% carbohydrates using freeze-dried meat from cod filets or pork sirloins, and using a combination of soybean oil, corn oil, margarine, milk fat, and lard as the fat source. Compared with mice receiving diets containing pork, mice fed cod gained less adipose tissue mass and had a lower content of hepatic lipids. This was accompanied by a lower n-6 to n-3 ratio in liver PLs and in red blood cells (RBCs) in the mice. Furthermore, mice receiving the cod-containing diet had lower circulating levels of the two major endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Together, our data demonstrate that despite the relatively low content of n-3 PUFAs in cod fillets, the cod-containing diet could exert beneficial metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Liisberg
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Røen Fauske
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Even Fjære
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
| | - Nina Norberg
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
| | - Livar Frøyland
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Eide Graff
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lise Madsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Hallenborg P, Fjære E, Liaset B, Petersen RK, Murano I, Sonne SB, Falkerslev M, Winther S, Jensen BAH, Ma T, Hansen JB, Cinti S, Blagoev B, Madsen L, Kristiansen K. p53 regulates expression of uncoupling protein 1 through binding and repression of PPARγ coactivator-1α. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E116-28. [PMID: 26578713 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00119.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 (TRP53 in mice) is known for its involvement in carcinogenesis, but work during recent years has underscored the importance of p53 in the regulation of whole body metabolism. A general notion is that p53 is necessary for efficient oxidative metabolism. The importance of UCP1-dependent uncoupled respiration and increased oxidation of glucose and fatty acids in brown or brown-like adipocytes, termed brite or beige, in relation to energy balance and homeostasis has been highlighted recently. UCP1-dependent uncoupled respiration in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue is central to cold-induced thermogenesis, whereas brite/beige adipocytes are of special importance in relation to diet-induced thermogenesis, where the importance of UCP1 is only clearly manifested in mice kept at thermoneutrality. We challenged wild-type and TRP53-deficient mice by high-fat feeding under thermoneutral conditions. Interestingly, mice lacking TRP53 gained less weight compared with their wild-type counterparts. This was related to an increased expression of Ucp1 and other PPARGC1a and PPARGC1b target genes but not Ppargc1a or Ppargc1b in inguinal white adipose tissue of mice lacking TRP53. We show that TRP53, independently of its ability to bind DNA, inhibits the activity of PPARGC1a and PPARGC1b. Collectively, our data show that TRP53 has the ability to regulate the thermogenic capacity of adipocytes through modulation of PPARGC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hallenborg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Rasmus Koefoed Petersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Incoronata Murano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity Università Politecnica della Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Falkerslev
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Winther
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tao Ma
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob B Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity Università Politecnica della Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Midtbø LK, Bernhard A, Petersen RK, Sonne SB, Mortensen A, Hao Q, Brattelid T, Liaset B, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. Macronutrient composition determines accumulation of persistent organic pollutants from dietary exposure in adipose tissue of mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 27:307-16. [PMID: 26507541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been linked to adipose tissue expansion. As different nutrients modulate adipose tissue development, we investigated the influence of dietary composition on POP accumulation, obesity development and related disorders. Lifespan was determined in mice fed fish-oil-based high fat diets during a long-term feeding trial and accumulation of POPs was measured after 3, 6 and 18months of feeding. Further, we performed dose-response experiments using four abundant POPs found in marine sources, PCB-153, PCB-138, PCB-118 and pp'-DDE as single congeners or as mixtures in combination with different diets: one low fat diet and two high fat diets with different protein:sucrose ratios. We measured accumulation of POPs in adipose tissue and liver and determined obesity development, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and hepatic expression of genes involved in metabolism of xenobiotics. Compared with mice fed diets with a low protein:sucrose ratio, mice fed diets with a high protein:sucrose ratio had significantly lower total burden of POPs in adipose tissue, were protected from obesity development and exhibited enhanced hepatic expression of genes involved in metabolism and elimination of xenobiotics. Exposure to POPs, either as single compounds or mixtures, had no effect on obesity development, glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the dietary composition of macronutrients profoundly modulates POP accumulation in adipose tissues adding an additional parameter to be included in future studies. Our results indicate that alterations in macronutrient composition might be an additional route for reducing total body burden of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Secher Myrmel
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisa Kolden Midtbø
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Annette Bernhard
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rasmus Koefoed Petersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qin Hao
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trond Brattelid
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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27
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Fjære E, Andersen C, Myrmel LS, Petersen RK, Hansen JB, Tastesen HS, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Brünner N, Kristiansen K, Madsen L, Rømer MU. Tissue Inhibitor Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Is Required for High-Fat Diet-Induced Glucose Intolerance and Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132910. [PMID: 26168159 PMCID: PMC4500465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are elevated in obesity and obesity-related disorders, such as steatosis, but the metabolic role of TIMP-1 is unclear. Here we investigated how the presence or absence of TIMP-1 affected the development of diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis using the Timp1 null mice. METHODS Timp1 knockout (TKO) and wild type (TWT) mice were fed chow, high-fat diet (HFD) or intermediate fat and sucrose diet (IFSD). We determined body weight, body composition, lipid content of the liver, energy intake, energy expenditure, oral glucose tolerance, as well as insulin tolerance. In addition, the histology of liver and adipose tissues was examined and expression of selected genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation in liver and adipose tissues was determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS TKO mice gained less weight and had lower energy efficiency than TWT mice when fed HFD, but not when fed chow or IFSD. Importantly, TKO mice were protected from development of HFD- as well as IFSD-induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and altered expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results indicate that TIMP-1 contributes to the development of diet-induced hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance and may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charlotte Andersen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jakob Bondo Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Sørup Tastesen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Brünner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail: (MUR); (LM)
| | - Maria Unni Rømer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MUR); (LM)
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Fjære E, Aune UL, Røen K, Keenan AH, Ma T, Borkowski K, Kristensen DM, Novotny GW, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Hudson BD, Milligan G, Xi Y, Newman JW, Haj FG, Liaset B, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. Indomethacin treatment prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance but not glucose intolerance in C57BL/6J mice. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16032-45. [PMID: 24742673 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low grade inflammation is closely linked to obesity-associated insulin resistance. To examine how administration of the anti-inflammatory compound indomethacin, a general cyclooxygenase inhibitor, affected obesity development and insulin sensitivity, we fed obesity-prone male C57BL/6J mice a high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet or a regular diet supplemented or not with indomethacin (±INDO) for 7 weeks. Development of obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance was monitored, and the effect of indomethacin on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured in vivo and in vitro using MIN6 β-cells. We found that supplementation with indomethacin prevented HF/HS-induced obesity and diet-induced changes in systemic insulin sensitivity. Thus, HF/HS+INDO-fed mice remained insulin-sensitive. However, mice fed HF/HS+INDO exhibited pronounced glucose intolerance. Hepatic glucose output was significantly increased. Indomethacin had no effect on adipose tissue mass, glucose tolerance, or GSIS when included in a regular diet. Indomethacin administration to obese mice did not reduce adipose tissue mass, and the compensatory increase in GSIS observed in obese mice was not affected by treatment with indomethacin. We demonstrate that indomethacin did not inhibit GSIS per se, but activation of GPR40 in the presence of indomethacin inhibited glucose-dependent insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. We conclude that constitutive high hepatic glucose output combined with impaired GSIS in response to activation of GPR40-dependent signaling in the HF/HS+INDO-fed mice contributed to the impaired glucose clearance during a glucose challenge and that the resulting lower levels of plasma insulin prevented the obesogenic action of the HF/HS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark, the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ulrike L Aune
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark, the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Røen
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alison H Keenan
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark, the Departments of Nutrition and
| | - Tao Ma
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Kristensen
- the INSERM U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guy W Novotny
- the Section for Endocrinological Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of 2200 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- the Section for Endocrinological Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of 2200 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Brian D Hudson
- the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom, and
| | - Graeme Milligan
- the Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - John W Newman
- the Departments of Nutrition and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California 95616
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- the Departments of Nutrition and Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark,
| | - Lise Madsen
- From the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark, the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway,
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29
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Dankel SN, Degerud EM, Borkowski K, Fjære E, Midtbø LK, Haugen C, Solsvik MH, Lavigne AM, Liaset B, Sagen JV, Kristiansen K, Mellgren G, Madsen L. Weight cycling promotes fat gain and altered clock gene expression in adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E210-24. [PMID: 24302006 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00188.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Repeated attempts to lose weight by temporary dieting may result in weight cycling, eventually further gain of body fat, and possible metabolic adaptation. We tested this with a controlled experiment in C57BL/6J mice subjected to four weight cycles (WC), continuous hypercaloric feeding (HF), or low-fat feeding (LF). To search for genes involved in an adaptive mechanism to former weight cycling and avoid acute effects of the last cycle, the last hypercaloric feeding period was prolonged by an additional 2 wk before euthanization. Total energy intake was identical in WC and HF. However, compared with HF, the WC mice gained significantly more total body mass and fat mass and showed increased levels of circulating leptin and lipids in liver. Both the HF and WC groups showed increased adipocyte size and insulin resistance. Despite these effects, we also observed an interesting maintenance of circulating adiponectin and free fatty acid levels after WC, whereas changes in these parameters were observed in HF mice. Global gene expression was analyzed by microarrays. Weight-cycled mice were characterized by a downregulation of several clock genes (Dbp, Tef, Per1, Per2, Per3, and Nr1d2) in adipose tissues, which was confirmed by quantitative PCR. In 3T3-L1 cells, we found reduced expression of Dbp and Tef early in adipogenic differentiation, which was mediated via cAMP-dependent signaling. Our data suggest that clock genes in adipose tissue may play a role in metabolic adaptation to weight cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Dankel
- Department of Clinical Science, K. G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Ibrahim MM, Fjære E, Lock EJ, Frøyland L, Jessen N, Lund S, Vidal H, Ruzzin J. Metabolic impacts of high dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants in mice. Toxicol Lett 2012; 215:8-15. [PMID: 23041606 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been linked to metabolic diseases. Yet, the effects of high exposure to dietary POPs remain unclear. We therefore investigated whether elevated exposure to POPs provided by whale meat supplementation could contribute to insulin resistance. C57BL/6J mice were fed control (C) or very high-fat diet (VHF) containing low or high levels of POPs (VHF(+POPs)) for eight weeks. To elevate the dietary concentrations of POPs, casein was replaced by whale meat containing high levels of pollutants. Feeding VHF(+POPs) induced high POP accumulation in the adipose tissue of mice. However, compared with VHF-fed mice, animals fed VHF(+POPs) had improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and reduced body weight. Levels of ectopic fat in skeletal muscles and liver were reduced in mice fed VHF(+POPs). These mice also gained less adipose tissue and had a tendency to reduced energy intake. In pair-feeding experiments, improved insulin action and reduced body weight gain were still observed in VHF(+POPs) compared to VHF pair-fed mice. We concluded that mice fed VHF contaminated with POPs derived from whale meat remain sensitive to insulin and glucose tolerant despite significant body burden of POPs. This indicates complex interactions between organic pollutants and nutrition in the development of metabolic disorders.
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31
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Ibrahim MM, Fjære E, Lock EJ, Naville D, Amlund H, Meugnier E, Le Magueresse Battistoni B, Frøyland L, Madsen L, Jessen N, Lund S, Vidal H, Ruzzin J. Chronic consumption of farmed salmon containing persistent organic pollutants causes insulin resistance and obesity in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25170. [PMID: 21966444 PMCID: PMC3179488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary interventions are critical in the prevention of metabolic diseases. Yet, the effects of fatty fish consumption on type 2 diabetes remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a diet containing farmed salmon prevents or contributes to insulin resistance in mice. Methodology/Principal Findings Adult male C57BL/6J mice were fed control diet (C), a very high-fat diet without or with farmed Atlantic salmon fillet (VHF and VHF/S, respectively), and Western diet without or with farmed Atlantic salmon fillet (WD and WD/S, respectively). Other mice were fed VHF containing farmed salmon fillet with reduced concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (VHF/S-POPs). We assessed body weight gain, fat mass, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, ex vivo muscle glucose uptake, performed histology and immunohistochemistry analysis, and investigated gene and protein expression. In comparison with animals fed VHF and WD, consumption of both VHF/S and WD/S exaggerated insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and glucose intolerance. In addition, the ability of insulin to stimulate Akt phosphorylation and muscle glucose uptake was impaired in mice fed farmed salmon. Relative to VHF/S-fed mice, animals fed VHF/S-POPs had less body burdens of POPs, accumulated less visceral fat, and had reduced mRNA levels of TNFα as well as macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue. VHF/S-POPs-fed mice further exhibited better insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance than mice fed VHF/S. Conclusions/Significance Our data indicate that intake of farmed salmon fillet contributes to several metabolic disorders linked to type 2 diabetes and obesity, and suggest a role of POPs in these deleterious effects. Overall, these findings may participate to improve nutritional strategies for the prevention and therapy of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Madani Ibrahim
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik-Jan Lock
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Danielle Naville
- INSERM U-1060, INRA U-1235, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon1 University, Oullins, France
| | - Heidi Amlund
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- INSERM U-1060, INRA U-1235, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon1 University, Oullins, France
| | | | - Livar Frøyland
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sten Lund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes and Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hubert Vidal
- INSERM U-1060, INRA U-1235, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon1 University, Oullins, France
| | - Jérôme Ruzzin
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
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32
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Madsen L, Pedersen LM, Lillefosse HH, Fjære E, Bronstad I, Hao Q, Petersen RK, Hallenborg P, Ma T, De Matteis R, Araujo P, Mercader J, Bonet ML, Hansen JB, Cannon B, Nedergaard J, Wang J, Cinti S, Voshol P, Døskeland SO, Kristiansen K. UCP1 induction during recruitment of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue is dependent on cyclooxygenase activity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11391. [PMID: 20613988 PMCID: PMC2894971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a hallmark of brown adipocytes and pivotal for cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we report that cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are crucially involved in induction of UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipocytes, but not in classic interscapular brown adipocytes. Cold-induced expression of UCP1 in inguinal white adipocytes was repressed in COX2 knockout (KO) mice and by administration of the COX inhibitor indomethacin in wild-type mice. Indomethacin repressed beta-adrenergic induction of UCP1 expression in primary inguinal adipocytes. The use of PGE(2) receptor antagonists implicated EP(4) as a main PGE(2) receptor, and injection of the stable PGE(2) analog (EP(3/4) agonist) 16,16 dm PGE(2) induced UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipose tissue. Inhibition of COX activity attenuated diet-induced UCP1 expression and increased energy efficiency and adipose tissue mass in obesity-resistant mice kept at thermoneutrality. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide evidence that induction of UCP1 expression in white adipose tissue, but not in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue is dependent on cyclooxygenase activity. Our results indicate that cyclooxygenase-dependent induction of UCP1 expression in white adipose tissues is important for diet-induced thermogenesis providing support for a surprising role of COX activity in the control of energy balance and obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Madsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lone M. Pedersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Haldis Haukaas Lillefosse
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Qin Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Philip Hallenborg
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rita De Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Pedro Araujo
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Josep Mercader
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M. Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Cannon
- The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Peter Voshol
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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