1
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Ni M, Vellend M. Soil properties constrain forest understory plant distributions along an elevation gradient. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230373. [PMID: 38583477 PMCID: PMC10999263 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Projections of spatial biodiversity dynamics under climate warming are often based on models including only climate variables, and when non-climatic factors (e.g. soil) are included, data are often at much coarser spatial resolutions than those experienced by plants. Field studies along elevation gradients permit the gathering of detailed soil data, while still covering a wide climatic gradient. Here, an intensive field survey of four spring forest herbs along an elevation gradient showed that soil properties had substantial impacts on the occurrence/abundance of all species, and that soil effects were more pronounced at higher elevations. For Trillium erectum and Claytonia caroliniana, very infrequent occurrences at high elevation were strongly associated with rare microsites with high pH or nutrients. In a seven-year transplant experiment with T. erectum, we found that individuals grew to much smaller sizes at high than low elevation, suggesting that environmental factors rather than dispersal limitation constrain the species' upper range limit, despite substantial warming in recent decades. Our study demonstrates that soil factors interact strongly with climate to determine plant range limits along climatic gradients. Unsuitable soils for plants at high elevations or latitudes may represent an important constraint on future plant migration and biodiversity change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Université de Sherbrooke, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Mark Vellend
- Université de Sherbrooke, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1
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2
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Ni M, Vellend M. Soil properties constrain predicted poleward migration of plants under climate change. New Phytol 2024; 241:131-141. [PMID: 37525059 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species are predicted to migrate poleward in response to climate change. Species distribution models (SDMs) have been widely used to quantify future suitable habitats, but they often neglect soil properties, despite the importance of soil for plant fitness. As soil properties often change along latitudinal gradients, higher-latitude soils might be more or less suitable than average conditions within the current ranges of species, thereby accelerating or slowing potential poleward migration. In this study, we built three SDMs - one with only climate predictors, one with only soil predictors, and one with both - for each of 1870 plant species in Eastern North America, in order to investigate the relative importance of soil properties in determining plant distributions and poleward shifts under climate change. While climate variables were the most important predictors, soil properties also had a substantial influence on continental-scale plant distributions. Under future climate scenarios, models including soil predicted much smaller northward shifts in distributions than climate-only models (c. 40% reduction). Our findings strongly suggest that high-latitude soils are likely to impede ongoing plant migration, and they highlight the necessity of incorporating soil properties into models and predictions for plant distributions and migration under environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
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3
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Miraglio T, Coops NC, Wallis CIB, Crofts AL, Kalacska M, Vellend M, Serbin SP, Arroyo-Mora JP, Laliberté E. Mapping canopy traits over Québec using airborne and spaceborne imaging spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17179. [PMID: 37821515 PMCID: PMC10567784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of new spaceborne imaging spectrometers offers new opportunities for ecologists to map vegetation traits at global scales. However, to date most imaging spectroscopy studies exploiting satellite spectrometers have been constrained to the landscape scale. In this paper we present a new method to map vegetation traits at the landscape scale and upscale trait maps to the continental level, using historical spaceborne imaging spectroscopy (Hyperion) to derive estimates of leaf mass per area, nitrogen, and carbon concentrations of forests in Québec, Canada. We compare estimates for each species with reference field values and obtain good agreement both at the landscape and continental scales, with patterns consistent with the leaf economic spectrum. By exploiting the Hyperion satellite archive to map these traits and successfully upscale the estimates to the continental scale, we demonstrate the great potential of recent and upcoming spaceborne spectrometers to benefit plant biodiversity monitoring and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Miraglio
- Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Anna L Crofts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret Kalacska
- Applied Remote Sensing Lab, Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo-Mora
- Flight Research Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
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4
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Dornelas M, Chase JM, Gotelli NJ, Magurran AE, McGill BJ, Antão LH, Blowes SA, Daskalova GN, Leung B, Martins IS, Moyes F, Myers-Smith IH, Thomas CD, Vellend M. Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220199. [PMID: 37246380 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in the context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how biodiversity has changed in recent decades across scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity and abundance. At local scales, change across all metrics includes many examples of both increases and declines and tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence of declining trends in beta-diversity (increasing similarity in composition across space or biotic homogenization) and abundance. The exception to this pattern is temporal turnover, with changes in species composition through time observed in most local assemblages. Less is known about change at regional scales, although several studies suggest that increases in richness are more prevalent than declines. Change at the global scale is the hardest to estimate accurately, but most studies suggest extinction rates are probably outpacing speciation rates, although both are elevated. Recognizing this variability is essential to accurately portray how biodiversity change is unfolding, and highlights how much remains unknown about the magnitude and direction of multiple biodiversity metrics at different scales. Reducing these blind spots is essential to allow appropriate management actions to be deployed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Guia Marine Laboratory, MARE, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais 2750-374, Portugal
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06099, Germany
| | | | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Laura H Antão
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shane A Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06099, Germany
| | - Gergana N Daskalova
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg 2361, Austria
| | - Brian Leung
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Inês S Martins
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | | | - Chris D Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mark Vellend
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
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5
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Carroll T, Cardou F, Dornelas M, Thomas CD, Vellend M. Biodiversity change under adaptive community dynamics. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:3525-3538. [PMID: 36916852 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compositional change is a ubiquitous response of ecological communities to environmental drivers of global change, but is often regarded as evidence of declining "biotic integrity" relative to historical baselines. Adaptive compositional change, however, is a foundational idea in evolutionary biology, whereby changes in gene frequencies within species boost population-level fitness, allowing populations to persist as the environment changes. Here, we present an analogous idea for ecological communities based on core concepts of fitness and selection. Changes in community composition (i.e., frequencies of genetic differences among species) in response to environmental change should normally increase the average fitnessof community members. We refer to compositional changes that improve the functional match, or "fit," between organisms' traits and their environment as adaptive community dynamics. Environmental change (e.g., land-use change) commonly reduces the fit between antecedent communities and new environments. Subsequent change in community composition in response to environmental changes, however, should normally increase community-level fit, as the success of at least some constituent species increases. We argue that adaptive community dynamics are likely to improve or maintain ecosystem function (e.g., by maintaining productivity). Adaptive community responses may simultaneously produce some changes that are considered societally desirable (e.g., increased carbon storage) and others that are undesirable (e.g., declines of certain species), just as evolutionary responses within species may be deemed desirable (e.g., evolutionary rescue of an endangered species) or undesirable (e.g., enhanced virulence of an agricultural pest). When assessing possible management interventions, it is important to distinguish between drivers of environmental change (e.g., undesired climate warming) and adaptive community responses, which may generate some desirable outcomes. Efforts to facilitate, accept, or resist ecological change require separate consideration of drivers and responses, and may highlight the need to reconsider preferences for historical baseline communities over communities that are better adapted to the new conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadhg Carroll
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Françoise Cardou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Chris D Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Vellend
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Sherbrooke, Canada
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6
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Jantzen JR, Laliberté E, Carteron A, Beauchamp-Rioux R, Blanchard F, Crofts AL, Girard A, Hacker PW, Pardo J, Schweiger AK, Demers-Thibeault S, Coops NC, Kalacska M, Vellend M, Bruneau A. Evolutionary history explains foliar spectral differences between arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal plant species. New Phytol 2023; 238:2651-2667. [PMID: 36960543 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf spectra are integrated foliar phenotypes that capture a range of traits and can provide insight into ecological processes. Leaf traits, and therefore leaf spectra, may reflect belowground processes such as mycorrhizal associations. However, evidence for the relationship between leaf traits and mycorrhizal association is mixed, and few studies account for shared evolutionary history. We conduct partial least squares discriminant analysis to assess the ability of spectra to predict mycorrhizal type. We model the evolution of leaf spectra for 92 vascular plant species and use phylogenetic comparative methods to assess differences in spectral properties between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plant species. Partial least squares discriminant analysis classified spectra by mycorrhizal type with 90% (arbuscular) and 85% (ectomycorrhizal) accuracy. Univariate models of principal components identified multiple spectral optima corresponding with mycorrhizal type due to the close relationship between mycorrhizal type and phylogeny. Importantly, we found that spectra of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal species do not statistically differ from each other after accounting for phylogeny. While mycorrhizal type can be predicted from spectra, enabling the use of spectra to identify belowground traits using remote sensing, this is due to evolutionary history and not because of fundamental differences in leaf spectra due to mycorrhizal type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna R Jantzen
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Alexis Carteron
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosalie Beauchamp-Rioux
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Florence Blanchard
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Anna L Crofts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2X9, Canada
| | - Alizée Girard
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Paul W Hacker
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Juliana Pardo
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Anna K Schweiger
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Demers-Thibeault
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Margaret Kalacska
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2X9, Canada
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
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7
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Rinas CL, McMullin RT, Rousseu F, Vellend M. Diversity and assembly of lichens and bryophytes on tree trunks along a temperate to boreal elevation gradient. Oecologia 2023; 202:55-67. [PMID: 37081239 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Based on hypotheses related to environmental filtering vs. stochastic community assembly, we tested taxon-specific predictions regarding the relationships of alpha diversity, beta diversity and species composition of epiphytic macrolichens and bryophytes with elevation and the lateral gradient on trees (the different sides of the tree bole related to aspect and trunk inclination) at Parc national du Mont-Mégantic in Southeastern Québec, Canada. For lichens on firs, increasing elevation was associated with increasing alpha diversity, and a marked shift in community composition, at the scale of whole trees. In contrast, for bryophytes on maples, tree inclination and the lateral gradient had the strongest effects: more inclined trees had greater whole-tree alpha diversity and stronger within-tree contrasts in composition between the upper and lower bole surfaces. For lichens on maples, whole-tree alpha diversity showed a weak, negative relationship with inclination, and beta diversity increased slightly with elevation. Our results are consistent with theories predicting greater alpha diversity in more favorable environments (for lichens: high elevation with high relative air humidity and lower temperatures; for bryophytes: upper surfaces of tree boles with liquid water available), but support was weak for the prediction of greater beta diversity in more favorable environments. Overall, the important predictors of epiphytic cryptogam diversity vary more among the species of tree host (maple vs. fir) than focal taxa (lichens vs. bryophytes), with patterns likely related to different effects of water, temperature, and competition between lichens and bryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Rinas
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - R Troy McMullin
- Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - François Rousseu
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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8
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Kothari S, Beauchamp-Rioux R, Blanchard F, Crofts AL, Girard A, Guilbeault-Mayers X, Hacker PW, Pardo J, Schweiger AK, Demers-Thibeault S, Bruneau A, Coops NC, Kalacska M, Vellend M, Laliberté E. Predicting leaf traits across functional groups using reflectance spectroscopy. New Phytol 2023; 238:549-566. [PMID: 36746189 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant ecologists use functional traits to describe how plants respond to and influence their environment. Reflectance spectroscopy can provide rapid, non-destructive estimates of leaf traits, but it remains unclear whether general trait-spectra models can yield accurate estimates across functional groups and ecosystems. We measured leaf spectra and 22 structural and chemical traits for nearly 2000 samples from 103 species. These samples span a large share of known trait variation and represent several functional groups and ecosystems, mainly in eastern Canada. We used partial least-squares regression (PLSR) to build empirical models for estimating traits from spectra. Within the dataset, our PLSR models predicted traits such as leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) with high accuracy (R2 > 0.85; %RMSE < 10). Models for most chemical traits, including pigments, carbon fractions, and major nutrients, showed intermediate accuracy (R2 = 0.55-0.85; %RMSE = 12.7-19.1). Micronutrients such as Cu and Fe showed the poorest accuracy. In validation on external datasets, models for traits such as LMA and LDMC performed relatively well, while carbon fractions showed steep declines in accuracy. We provide models that produce fast, reliable estimates of several functional traits from leaf spectra. Our results reinforce the potential uses of spectroscopy in monitoring plant function around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Kothari
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Rosalie Beauchamp-Rioux
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Florence Blanchard
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Anna L Crofts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2X9, Canada
| | - Alizée Girard
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Xavier Guilbeault-Mayers
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Paul W Hacker
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Juliana Pardo
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Anna K Schweiger
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Demers-Thibeault
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Margaret Kalacska
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2X9, Canada
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
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9
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Martins IS, Dornelas M, Vellend M, Thomas CD. A millennium of increasing diversity of ecosystems until the mid-20th century. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:5945-5955. [PMID: 35808866 PMCID: PMC9543278 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change is widely regarded as a simplifying and homogenising force in nature. In contrast, analysing global land-use reconstructions from the 10th to 20th centuries, we found progressive increases in the number, evenness, and diversity of ecosystems (including human-modified land-use types) present across most of the Earth's land surface. Ecosystem diversity increased more rapidly after ~1700 CE, then slowed or slightly declined (depending on the metric) following the mid-20th century acceleration of human impacts. The results also reveal increasing spatial differentiation, rather than homogenisation, in both the presence-absence and area-coverage of different ecosystem types at sub-global scales-at least, prior to the mid-20th century. Nonetheless, geographic homogenization was revealed for a subset of analyses at a global scale, reflecting the now-global presence of certain human-modified ecosystem types. Our results suggest that, while human land-use changes have caused declines in relatively undisturbed or "primary" ecosystem types, they have also driven increases in ecosystem diversity over the last millennium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês S. Martins
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Berrick Saul Second FloorUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of BiologyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Berrick Saul Second FloorUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of BiologyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Mark Vellend
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Berrick Saul Second FloorUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Département de BiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Chris D. Thomas
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Berrick Saul Second FloorUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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10
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Becker-Scarpitta A, Auberson-Lavoie D, Aussenac R, Vellend M. Different temporal trends in vascular plant and bryophyte communities along elevational gradients over four decades. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9102. [PMID: 36016818 PMCID: PMC9395318 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many studies showing biodiversity responses to warming, the generality of such responses across taxonomic groups remains unclear. Very few studies have tested for evidence of bryophyte community responses to warming, even though bryophytes are major contributors to diversity and functioning in many ecosystems. Here, we report an empirical study comparing long‐term change in bryophyte and vascular plant communities in two sites with contrasting long‐term warming trends, using “legacy” botanical records as a baseline for comparison with contemporary resurveys. We hypothesized that ecological changes would be greater in sites with a stronger warming trend and that vascular plant communities, with narrower climatic niches, would be more sensitive than bryophyte communities to climate warming. For each taxonomic group in each site, we quantified the magnitude of changes in species' distributions along the elevation gradient, species richness, and community composition. We found contrasted temporal changes in bryophyte vs. vascular plant communities, which only partially supported the warming hypothesis. In the area with a stronger warming trend, we found a significant increase in local diversity and dissimilarity (β‐diversity) for vascular plants, but not for bryophytes. Presence–absence data did not provide sufficient power to detect elevational shifts in species distributions. The patterns observed for bryophytes are in accordance with recent literature showing that local diversity can remain unchanged despite strong changes in composition. Regardless of whether one taxon is systematically more or less sensitive to environmental change than another, our results suggest that vascular plants cannot be used as a surrogate for bryophytes in terms of predicting the nature and magnitude of responses to warming. Thus, to assess overall biodiversity responses to global change, abundance data from different taxonomic groups and different community properties need to be synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Becker-Scarpitta
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec Canada.,Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
| | - Diane Auberson-Lavoie
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec Canada
| | | | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec Canada
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11
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Beguin J, Côté SD, Vellend M. Large herbivores trigger spatiotemporal changes in forest plant diversity. Ecology 2022; 103:e3739. [PMID: 35488368 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Large herbivores can exert top-down control on terrestrial plant communities, but the magnitude, direction, and scale-dependency of their impacts remain equivocal, especially in temperate and boreal forests, where multiple disturbances often interact. Using a unique, long-term and replicated landscape experiment, we assessed the influence of a high density of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the spatiotemporal dynamics of diversity, composition, and successional trajectories of understorey plant assemblages in recently logged boreal forests. This experiment provided a rare opportunity to test whether deer herbivory represents a direct filter on plant communities or if it mainly acts to suppress dominant plants which, in turn, release other plant species from strong negative plant-plant interactions. These two hypotheses make different predictions about changes in community composition, alpha and beta diversity in different vegetation layers and at different spatial scales. Our results showed that deer had strong effects on plant community composition and successional trajectories, but the resulting impacts on plant alpha and beta diversity patterns were markedly scale-dependent in both time and space. Responses of tree and non-tree vegetation layers were strongly asymmetric. Deer acted both as a direct filter and as a suppressor of dominant plant species during early forest succession, but the magnitude of both processes was specific to tree and non-tree vegetation layers. Although our data supported the ungulate-driven homogenization hypothesis, compositional shifts and changes of alpha diversity were poor predictors of beta diversity loss. Our findings underscore the importance of long-term studies in revealing non-linear temporal community trends, and they challenge managers to prioritize particular community properties and scales of interest, given contrasting trends of composition, alpha, and beta diversity across spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Beguin
- Département de biologie, Centre d'études nordiques & Chaire de recherche industrielle CRSNG en aménagement intégré des ressources de l'île d'Anticosti, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Temiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve D Côté
- Département de biologie, Centre d'études nordiques & Chaire de recherche industrielle CRSNG en aménagement intégré des ressources de l'île d'Anticosti, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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12
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Carteron A, Vellend M, Laliberté E. Mycorrhizal dominance reduces local tree species diversity across US forests. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:370-374. [PMID: 35210575 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizas and arbuscular mycorrhizas, the two most widespread plant-fungal symbioses, are thought to differentially influence tree species diversity, with positive plant-soil feedbacks favouring locally abundant ectomycorrhizal tree species and negative feedbacks promoting species coexistence and diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal forests. While seedling recruitment studies and cross-biome patterns of plant diversity and mycorrhizal dominance support this hypothesis, it remains to be tested at the forest stand level over continental scales. Here, we analyse approximately 82,000 forest plots across the USA to show that both ectomycorrhizal-dominated and arbuscular mycorrhizal-dominated forests show relatively low tree diversity, while forests with a mixture of mycorrhizal strategies support a higher number of tree species. Our findings suggest that mycorrhizal dominance, rather than mycorrhizal type, shapes tree diversity in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Carteron
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. .,Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Staude IR, Pereira HM, Daskalova GN, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Diekmann M, Pauli H, Van Calster H, Vellend M, Bjorkman AD, Brunet J, De Frenne P, Hédl R, Jandt U, Lenoir J, Myers-Smith IH, Verheyen K, Wipf S, Wulf M, Andrews C, Barančok P, Barni E, Benito-Alonso JL, Bennie J, Berki I, Blüml V, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dick J, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Eriksson O, Erschbamer B, Graae BJ, Heinken T, Schei FH, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Kudernatsch T, Macek M, Malicki M, Máliš F, Michelsen O, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Newton AC, Nicklas L, Oddi L, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Palaj A, Petraglia A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Porro F, Puşcaş M, Reczyńska K, Rixen C, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Steinbauer K, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Theurillat JP, Turtureanu PD, Ursu TM, Vanneste T, Vergeer P, Vild O, Villar L, Vittoz P, Winkler M, Baeten L. Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:466-482. [PMID: 34866301 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar R Staude
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henrique M Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,CIBIO (Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources)-InBIO (Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Institute of Ecology, FB 2, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss National Park, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Bennie
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, Exeter University, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Imre Berki
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | | | | | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Thilo Heinken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malicki
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.,Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia.,National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ottar Michelsen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adrian C Newton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Lena Nicklas
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludovica Oddi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Environment UJEP, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland.,Foundation for Biodiversity Research, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Francesco Porro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mihai Puşcaş
- Al. Borza Botanic Garden, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources - 3B, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERC, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Balázs Teleki
- MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Debrecen Egyetem, Debrecen, Hungary.,PTE KPVK Institute for Regional Development, Szekszárd, Hungary
| | - Jean-Paul Theurillat
- Fondation J.-M.Aubert, Champex-Lac, Switzerland.,Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Chambésy, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Dan Turtureanu
- Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources - 3B, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources (3B), Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Emil G. Racoviță Institute, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | - Philippine Vergeer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Luis Villar
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, Jaca, Huesca, Spain
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
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14
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Vellend M, Béhé M, Carteron A, Crofts AL, Danneyrolles V, Gamhewa HT, Ni M, Rinas CL, Watts DA. Plant Responses to Climate Change and an Elevational Gradient in Mont Mégantic National Park, Québec, Canada. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/045.028.s1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Mélanie Béhé
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alexis Carteron
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Centre sur la Biodiversité, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Anna L. Crofts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Victor Danneyrolles
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Hasanki T. Gamhewa
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Ming Ni
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Christina L. Rinas
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - David A. Watts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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15
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Ni M, Vellend M. Space-for-time inferences about range-edge dynamics of tree species can be influenced by sampling biases. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:2102-2112. [PMID: 33459442 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Differences between the distributions of tree saplings and adults in geographic or niche space have been used to infer climate change effects on tree range dynamics. Previous studies have reported narrower latitudinal or climatic niche ranges of juvenile trees compared to adults, concluding that tree ranges are contracting, contradicting climate-based predictions. However, more comprehensive sampling of adult trees than juvenile trees in most regional forest inventories could potentially bias ontogenetic comparisons. Here we first report spatial simulations showing that reduced sampling intensity can result in underestimates of range and niche limits, but that resampling the same number of individuals of different life stages can eliminate this bias. We then reanalyzed the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis data, comparing the range and niche limits between adult trees and saplings of 92 tree species, both using the original data and two resampling procedures. Resampling aimed to reduce sampling biases by controlling for either sampling area or the number of individuals sampled. Overall, these resampling procedures had a major influence on the estimation of range limits, most often by reducing, eliminating, or even reversing the tendency in the original analyses for saplings to have broader distributions than adult trees. These results indicate that previous conclusions that the distributions of juvenile trees were contracting in response to climate change were potentially artifacts of sampling in the underlying data. More generally, sampling effects involved in the estimation of geographic ranges and environmental niche widths need to be taken into account in studies comparing different life stages, and also likely in other types of distribution comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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16
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Rivest S, Lajoie G, Watts DA, Vellend M. Earlier spring reduces potential for gene flow via reduced flowering synchrony across an elevational gradient. Am J Bot 2021; 108:538-545. [PMID: 33733494 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE One of the best-documented ecological responses to climate warming involves temporal shifts of phenological events. However, we lack an understanding of how phenological responses to climate change vary among populations of the same species. Such variability has the potential to affect flowering synchrony among populations and hence the potential for gene flow. METHODS To test whether an earlier start of the growing season affects the potential for gene flow among populations, we quantified the distributions of flowering times of two spring-flowering plants (Trillium erectum and Erythronium americanum) over 6 years along an elevational gradient. We developed a novel model-based metric of potential gene flow between pairs of populations to quantify the potential for pollen-mediated gene flow based on flowering phenology. RESULTS Earlier onset of spring led to greater separation of peak flowering dates across the elevational gradient for both species investigated, but was only associated with a reduction in potential gene flow in T. erectum, not E. americanum. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that climate change could decrease gene flow via phenological separation among populations along climatic gradients. We also provide a novel method for quantifying potential pollen-mediated gene flow using data on flowering phenology, based on a quantitative, more biologically interpretable model than other available metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Rivest
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lajoie
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, H2X 1Y4, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David A Watts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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17
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Blowes SA, Supp SR, Antão LH, Bates A, Bruelheide H, Chase JM, Moyes F, Magurran A, McGill B, Myers-Smith IH, Winter M, Bjorkman AD, Bowler DE, Byrnes JEK, Gonzalez A, Hines J, Isbell F, Jones HP, Navarro LM, Thompson PL, Vellend M, Waldock C, Dornelas M. The geography of biodiversity change in marine and terrestrial assemblages. Science 2020; 366:339-345. [PMID: 31624208 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human activities are fundamentally altering biodiversity. Projections of declines at the global scale are contrasted by highly variable trends at local scales, suggesting that biodiversity change may be spatially structured. Here, we examined spatial variation in species richness and composition change using more than 50,000 biodiversity time series from 239 studies and found clear geographic variation in biodiversity change. Rapid compositional change is prevalent, with marine biomes exceeding and terrestrial biomes trailing the overall trend. Assemblage richness is not changing on average, although locations exhibiting increasing and decreasing trends of up to about 20% per year were found in some marine studies. At local scales, widespread compositional reorganization is most often decoupled from richness change, and biodiversity change is strongest and most variable in the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany. .,Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Computer Science, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sarah R Supp
- Data Analytics Program, Denison University, Granville, OH, USA.
| | - Laura H Antão
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK.,Department of Biology and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amanda Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Computer Science, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Anne Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Brian McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | | | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Diana E Bowler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jarrett E K Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Holly P Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Laetitia M Navarro
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patrick L Thompson
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Conor Waldock
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK.
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18
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Thomas HJD, Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Kattge J, Diaz S, Vellend M, Blok D, Cornelissen JHC, Forbes BC, Henry GHR, Hollister RD, Normand S, Prevéy JS, Rixen C, Schaepman-Strub G, Wilmking M, Wipf S, Cornwell WK, Beck PSA, Georges D, Goetz SJ, Guay KC, Rüger N, Soudzilovskaia NA, Spasojevic MJ, Alatalo JM, Alexander HD, Anadon-Rosell A, Angers-Blondin S, Te Beest M, Berner LT, Björk RG, Buchwal A, Buras A, Carbognani M, Christie KS, Collier LS, Cooper EJ, Elberling B, Eskelinen A, Frei ER, Grau O, Grogan P, Hallinger M, Heijmans MMPD, Hermanutz L, Hudson JMG, Johnstone JF, Hülber K, Iturrate-Garcia M, Iversen CM, Jaroszynska F, Kaarlejarvi E, Kulonen A, Lamarque LJ, Lantz TC, Lévesque E, Little CJ, Michelsen A, Milbau A, Nabe-Nielsen J, Nielsen SS, Ninot JM, Oberbauer SF, Olofsson J, Onipchenko VG, Petraglia A, Rumpf SB, Shetti R, Speed JDM, Suding KN, Tape KD, Tomaselli M, Trant AJ, Treier UA, Tremblay M, Venn SE, Vowles T, Weijers S, Wookey PA, Zamin TJ, Bahn M, Blonder B, van Bodegom PM, Bond-Lamberty B, Campetella G, Cerabolini BEL, Chapin FS, Craine JM, Dainese M, Green WA, Jansen S, Kleyer M, Manning P, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Ozinga WA, Peñuelas J, Poschlod P, Reich PB, Sandel B, Schamp BS, Sheremetiev SN, de Vries FT. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1351. [PMID: 32165619 PMCID: PMC7067758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J D Thomas
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK.
| | - A D Bjorkman
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I H Myers-Smith
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
| | - S C Elmendorf
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA
| | - J Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Diaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Av.Velez Sarsfield 299, Cordoba, Argentina
- FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boul. de l'Université Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - D Blok
- Dutch Research Council, (NWO), Postbus 93460, 2509 AL, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - J H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B C Forbes
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - G H R Henry
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - R D Hollister
- Biology Department, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, 3300a Kindschi Hall of Science, Allendale, Michigan, USA
| | - S Normand
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J S Prevéy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - C Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - G Schaepman-Strub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Swiss National Park, Runatsch 124, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, 7530, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - W K Cornwell
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - P S A Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, Ispra, 21027, Italy
| | - D Georges
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
- International Agency for Research in Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - S J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 1295S Knoles Dr, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - K C Guay
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, Maine, 04544, USA
| | - N Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Luis Clement Avenue, Bldg. 401 Tupper, Balboa Ancón, Panama
| | - N A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M J Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Life Sciences Building, Eucalyptus Dr #2710, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - J M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - H D Alexander
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, 39762, USA
| | - A Anadon-Rosell
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Angers-Blondin
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
| | - M Te Beest
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L T Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 1295S Knoles Dr, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - R G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Buchwal
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680, Poznan, Poland
- University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - A Buras
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - M Carbognani
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - K S Christie
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK, 99518, USA
| | - L S Collier
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - E J Cooper
- Deptartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Bioscences Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - B Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - A Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, Linnanmaa, Oulu, Finland
| | - E R Frei
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - O Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - P Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Biosciences Complex, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Hallinger
- Biology Department, Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M M P D Heijmans
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Hermanutz
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - J M G Hudson
- British Columbia Public Service, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J F Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - K Hülber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Iturrate-Garcia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C M Iversen
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6134, USA
| | - F Jaroszynska
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK
| | - E Kaarlejarvi
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Brussles, Belgium
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box, 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kulonen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - L J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - T C Lantz
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, David Turpin Building, B243, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - E Lévesque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - C J Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, the Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - A Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 bus 73, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Nabe-Nielsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - S S Nielsen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J M Ninot
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - J Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - V G Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow State Lomonosov University, 119234, Moscow, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - A Petraglia
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - S B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Bâtiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Shetti
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K N Suding
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA
| | - K D Tape
- Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Engineering Learning and Innovation Facility (ELIF), Suite 240, 1764 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5910, USA
| | - M Tomaselli
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - A J Trant
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - U A Treier
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Tremblay
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - S E Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - T Vowles
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Weijers
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - P A Wookey
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - T J Zamin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Biosciences Complex, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, 3 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, 8000 Co Rd 317, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - P M van Bodegom
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - G Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine-Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Univeristy of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - B E L Cerabolini
- DBSV-University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - F S Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - J M Craine
- Jonah Ventures, 1600 Range Street Suite 201, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - M Dainese
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Alpine Environment, EURAC Research, Viale Druso, 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - W A Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - S Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Kleyer
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - P Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ü Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Y Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - W A Ozinga
- Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Ave. N., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - B Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA
| | - B S Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste., Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - S N Sheremetiev
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Professor Popova Street, 2, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - F T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Bowler DE, Bjorkman AD, Dornelas M, Myers‐Smith IH, Navarro LM, Niamir A, Supp SR, Waldock C, Winter M, Vellend M, Blowes SA, Böhning‐Gaese K, Bruelheide H, Elahi R, Antão LH, Hines J, Isbell F, Jones HP, Magurran AE, Cabral JS, Bates AE. Mapping human pressures on biodiversity across the planet uncovers anthropogenic threat complexes. People and Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana E. Bowler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
| | - Anne D. Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | | | - Laetitia M. Navarro
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Aidin Niamir
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sarah R. Supp
- Data Analytics Program Denison University Granville OH USA
| | - Conor Waldock
- Ocean and Earth Science National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Shane A. Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Salle) Germany
| | | | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Robin Elahi
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove CA USA
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
- Department of Biology and CESAM Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Holly P. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL USA
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Juliano Sarmento Cabral
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Ecosystem Modeling Centre for Computational and Theoretical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Ocean and Earth Science National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton Southampton UK
- Department of Ocean Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
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20
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Kattge J, Bönisch G, Díaz S, Lavorel S, Prentice IC, Leadley P, Tautenhahn S, Werner GDA, Aakala T, Abedi M, Acosta ATR, Adamidis GC, Adamson K, Aiba M, Albert CH, Alcántara JM, Alcázar C C, Aleixo I, Ali H, Amiaud B, Ammer C, Amoroso MM, Anand M, Anderson C, Anten N, Antos J, Apgaua DMG, Ashman TL, Asmara DH, Asner GP, Aspinwall M, Atkin O, Aubin I, Baastrup-Spohr L, Bahalkeh K, Bahn M, Baker T, Baker WJ, Bakker JP, Baldocchi D, Baltzer J, Banerjee A, Baranger A, Barlow J, Barneche DR, Baruch Z, Bastianelli D, Battles J, Bauerle W, Bauters M, Bazzato E, Beckmann M, Beeckman H, Beierkuhnlein C, Bekker R, Belfry G, Belluau M, Beloiu M, Benavides R, Benomar L, Berdugo-Lattke ML, Berenguer E, Bergamin R, Bergmann J, Bergmann Carlucci M, Berner L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Bigler C, Bjorkman AD, Blackman C, Blanco C, Blonder B, Blumenthal D, Bocanegra-González KT, Boeckx P, Bohlman S, Böhning-Gaese K, Boisvert-Marsh L, Bond W, Bond-Lamberty B, Boom A, Boonman CCF, Bordin K, Boughton EH, 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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:119-188. [PMID: 31891233 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), and Factulad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Paul Leadley
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Gijsbert D A Werner
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | | | - George C Adamidis
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kairi Adamson
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Masahiro Aiba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Cécile H Albert
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Izabela Aleixo
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hamada Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Christian Ammer
- Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariano M Amoroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, El Bolsón, Argentina
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carolyn Anderson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Niels Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Degi Harja Asmara
- Centre for Forest Research, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michael Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Owen Atkin
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Isabelle Aubin
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | | | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Jan P Bakker
- Conservation Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Baltzer
- Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Diego R Barneche
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Zdravko Baruch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Denis Bastianelli
- CIRAD, UMR SELMET, Montpellier, France
- SELMET, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, France
| | - John Battles
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Erika Bazzato
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Renee Bekker
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology (GIA), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin Belfry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Michael Belluau
- Département des Science, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mirela Beloiu
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | - Mary Lee Berdugo-Lattke
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Fundación Natura, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rodrigo Bergamin
- Laboratório de Estudos em Vegetação Campestre (LEVCamp), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcos Bergmann Carlucci
- Laboratório de Ecologia Funcional de Comunidades (LABEF), Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Logan Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris Blackman
- PIAF, INRA, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carolina Blanco
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dana Blumenthal
- USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kelly T Bocanegra-González
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Bohlman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Boisvert-Marsh
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - William Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAEON Fynbos Node, Claremont, South Africa
| | | | - Arnoud Boom
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Coline C F Boonman
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kauane Bordin
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Boukili
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Sandra Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Marco Richard Brendel
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Kerry A Brown
- Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Federico Brumnich
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bruy
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, Herbier de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | | | | | | | - Robert Buitenwerf
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jana Bürger
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Bradley J Butterfield
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Chaeho Byun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Marcia Marques
- Departamento de Botânica, SCB, UFPR - Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marina C Scalon
- Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marc Cadotte
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- IRSTEA Aix-en-Provence, UMR RECOVER, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - James Camac
- Centre of Excellence for Bioscurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Juan Antonio Campos
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Cano-Arboleda
- Fundación Natura, Bogota, Colombia
- Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Roberto Canullo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Carvalho
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cervellini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- BIGEA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - F Stuart Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lluís Coll
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering (EAGROF), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Conti
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Marie Coyea
- Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joris P G M Cromsigt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | - Katarina Cufar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | | | - Kyla M Dahlin
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Igor Dalke
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Michele Dalle Fratte
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Anh Tuan Dang-Le
- University of Science - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jirí Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Masako Dannoura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Samantha Dawson
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arend Jacobus de Beer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Angel De Frutos
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan R De Long
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Dechant
- Department Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Computational Hydrosystems, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sylvain Delagrange
- Institute of Temperate Forest Sciences (ISFORT), Ripon, QC, Canada
- UQO, Department of Natural Sciences, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Arildo S Dias
- Institut für Physische Geographie, Biogeography and Biodiversity Lab, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Mark Dobrowolski
- Iluka Resources, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Doktor
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pavel Dřevojan
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Dressler
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leandro Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emilie Ducouret
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Durka
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Remko Duursma
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olga Dymova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Anna E-Vojtkó
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Rolf Lutz Eckstein
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences - Biology, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Hamid Ejtehadi
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - James Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado (PNPD), Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Kristine Engemann
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Bagher Erfanian
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra Erfmeier
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences - University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gerd Esser
- Institute for Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marc Estiarte
- Spanish National Research Council - CSIC, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jaime Fagúndez
- Campus da Zapateira, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Daniel S Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Fan
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Emmanuele Farris
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Yanhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Mendez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
- Centro Forestal Tropical Bajo Calima, Universidad del Tolima, Buenaventura, Colombia
| | | | | | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Instituto de Biociências, Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Dan F B Flynn
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronika Fontana
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Estelle Forey
- Laboratoire ECODIV URA, IRSTEA/EA 1293, Normandie Université, UFR ST, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Cristiane Forgiarini
- Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Louis François
- Unit of Research SPHERES, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marcelo Frangipani
- University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse, Moulis, France
| | - Ellen L Fry
- School of Earth and Environment Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolaos M Fyllas
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Guilherme G Mazzochini
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sophie Gachet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Rachael Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gislene Ganade
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Francesca Ganga
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Verónica Gargaglione
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Invetigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Eric Garnier
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Jose Luis Garrido
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - David Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | | | - Aelton Giroldo
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Crateús, Brazil
| | | | - Sean Gleason
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mariana Gliesch
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emma Goldberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bastian Göldel
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Andrés González-Melo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ana González-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Elena Granda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Walton A Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Gregor
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gross
- UCA, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Greg R Guerin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Alvaro G Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lillie Haddock
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anna Haines
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jefferson Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Wenxuan Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Wesley Hattingh
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- Applied Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Tianhua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Pengcheng He
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Aveliina Helm
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Hentschel
- Herbarium Haussknecht, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bruno Hérault
- Cirad, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National Polytehcnique Félix Houphouet-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
| | - Ana-Maria Hereş
- Department of Forest Sciences, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
- BC3 - Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Katharina Herz
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hickler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andrew L Hipp
- The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
- The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maria Hock
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - James Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Karen Holl
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Enqing Hou
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nate Hough-Snee
- Four Peaks Environmental Science and Data Solutions, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Knut Anders Hovstad
- Department of Landscape and Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Boris Igić
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estela Illa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Masae Ishihara
- Ashiu Forest Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Leonid Ivanov
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Larissa Ivanova
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | - Jordi Izquierdo
- Barcelona School of Agricultural Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Earth System Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Jackson
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
| | | | - Andrzej M Jagodzinski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kornik, Poland
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Jenkins
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Anke Jentsch
- BayCEER, Department of Disturbance Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Guo-Feng Jiang
- Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | | | | | - Eric J Jokela
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Grant Stuart Joseph
- Department of Zoology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Decky Junaedi
- Cibodas Botanical Garden - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Cipanas, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA), School Of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Robert R Junker
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Department Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Bioscience, University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eric Justes
- PERSYST Department, CIRAD, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Richard Kabzems
- BC Ministry Forest, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Dawson Creek, BC, Canada
| | | | - Zdenek Kaplan
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prùhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Teja Kattenborn
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Kempel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Mohammed I Khalil
- Department of Biology, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Nicole L Kinlock
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Wilm Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas Kitzberger
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Rasmus Kjøller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Joice Klipel
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Brian Kloeppel
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Klotz
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Fumito Koike
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Christian König
- Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nathan J B Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Koen Kramer
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Land Life Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dushan Kumarathunge
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Plant Physiology Division, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
| | - Jonas Kuppler
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Shem Kuyah
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jean-Paul Laclau
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Lafleur
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Erik Lallai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eric Lamb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel J Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter C le Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Tali Lee
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yuanzhi Li
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xine Li
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Jun Ying Lim
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yan-Shih Lin
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Daijun Liu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences - University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Joan Llusià
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Álvaro López-García
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept. Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Zdeňka Lososová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frédérique Louault
- UCA, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Balázs A Lukács
- Department for Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, DRI, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petr Lukeš
- Global Change Research Institute AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yunjian Luo
- Department of Ecology, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michele Lussu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Siyan Ma
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Vincent Maire
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Institute of Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Azim Mallik
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuleica Marchetti
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luca Marchino
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy
| | | | - Eric Marcon
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Michela Marignani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Adam Martin
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cristina Martínez-Garza
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Tereza Mašková
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Kelly Mason
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Norman Mason
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tara Joy Massad
- Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Beira, Sofala Province, Mozambique
| | - Jacynthe Masse
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Itay Mayrose
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James McCarthy
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Ian R McFadden
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mara Y McPartland
- Department of Geography, Environment & Society, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Belinda Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Zia Mehrabi
- Institute for Resources Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julie Messier
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Juha Metsaranta
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chrysanthi Michelaki
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Svetlana Migalina
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | | | - Vanessa Minden
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ray Ming
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Attila Molnár
- Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Martin Molz
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Allegre, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaud Monty
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Biodiversity and landscape, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Lenka Moravcová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Alvaro Moreno-Martínez
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Dave Morris
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Morrison
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Ladislav Mucina
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Dept of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sandra Mueller
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Cristina Müller
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - François Munoz
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Randall W Myster
- Biology Department, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | | | - Shawna Naidu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ayyappan Narayanan
- Department of Ecology, French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Luka Negoita
- Galápagos Verde 2050, Charles Darwin Foundation, Charles Darwin Research Station, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - Andrew S Nelson
- Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Eike Lena Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Georg Niedrist
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jhon Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rachael Nolan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexander Novakovskiy
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Kristin Odden Nystuen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, NORD University, Steinkjer, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kevin O'Hara
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Simon Oakley
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Ricardo Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kinga Öllerer
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Vladimir Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Faculty of Biology, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Renske E Onstein
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jenny C Ordonez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Equador
| | | | - Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Sarah Otto
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Wim A Ozinga
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna T Pahl
- Restoration Ecology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Patacca
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Paula
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juraj Paule
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juli G Pausas
- Desertification Research Center (CIDE-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Peco
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Luis Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | | | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Any Mary Petritan
- National Institute for Research-Development in Forestry, Voluntari, Romania
| | | | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Valério D Pillar
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jan Pisek
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | | | - Hendrik Poorter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Plant Sciences (IBG2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - A Shafer Powell
- Environmental Sciences Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andreas Prinzing
- Research Unit ECOBIO - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution, Université Rennes 1/CNRS, Rennes, France
| | | | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valerie Raevel
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
- CEFE, CNRS, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Courtenay A Ray
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Douglas E B Reid
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | | | - Victor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences & Agrotecnio Center, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Matthias C Rillig
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiamma Riviera
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Elisabeth M R Robert
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central-Africa (RMCA), Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Scott Roberts
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Bjorn Robroek
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Roddy
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY, Upton, USA
| | - Emily Rollinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - Victor Rolo
- Forest Research Group, INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dina Ronzhina
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julieta A Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Rossi
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Unit Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Geoinformation, Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - David B Roy
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Nadja Rüger
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado
- Departamento de Dinamica y Gestion Forestal, INIA-CIFOR, Madrid, Spain
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Masahiro Ryo
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Saldaña
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ignacio Santa-Regina
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Santacruz-García
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Joaquim Santos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
- Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon D Schowanek
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian Schrader
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schurr
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Marina Semchenko
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Colleen Seymour
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Julia C Sfair
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Christine S Sheppard
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Satomi Shiodera
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bill Shipley
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Carlos Sierra
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Vasco Silva
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Professor Baeta Neves" (CEABN), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mateus Silva
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Henrik Sjöman
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Darwin Sodhi
- Forest Sciences Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Conservation Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Douglas Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre F Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marko Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda B Stan
- Department of Geography, Planning and Recreation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - James Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg G Stephan
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Dejan B Stojanovic
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Maria Laura Suarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ivana Svitková
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Ecology and General Biology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emily Swaine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nathan Swenson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Teshio Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, Horonobe, Japan
| | - Ulrike Tappeiner
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rubén Tarifa
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), La Cañada de San Urbano, Spain
| | - Simon Tauugourdeau
- SELMET, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, France
- CIRAD-UMR SELMET-PZZS, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Mariska Te Beest
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nelson Thiffault
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Dominik Thom
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Ken Thompson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Lubomír Tichý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Yue Phin Tng
- Centre for Rainforest Studies, The School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, Qld, Australia
| | - Joseph Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | - Péter Török
- MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tonantzin Tarin
- Department of Soil and Plant Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Béla Tóthmérész
- MTA-TKI Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Martina Treurnicht
- SAEON Fynbos Node, Claremont, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Valeria Trivellone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Franck Trolliet
- Unit for Modelling of Climate and Biogeochemical Cycles, UR-SPHERES, University of Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James L Tsakalos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ioannis Tsiripidis
- School of Biology, Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niklas Tysklind
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, France
| | | | - Vladimir Usoltsev
- Ural State Forest Engineering University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Jamil Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Jana Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- College Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Elisa Van Cleemput
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | | | - Mark Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Kim André Vanselow
- Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelica Vårhammar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Varone
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maribel Yesenia Vasquez Valderrama
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota, Colombia
- Laboratorio de invasiones Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Kiril Vassilev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mark Vellend
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Ima Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jaime Villacís
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Cyrille Violle
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Pandi Vivek
- Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa, India
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Katrin Wagner
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Waldram
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anthony Waldron
- Zoology Department, Edward Grey Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Martyn Waller
- Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Gabriel Walther
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Harry Watkins
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James Watkins
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - James T Weedon
- Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liping Wei
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evan Weiher
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Aidan W Wells
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- Maritime and Science Technology Academy, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Wenk
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Philip John White
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mathew Williams
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel E Winkler
- University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U. S. Geological Survey, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Chevonne Womack
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Justin Wright
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Ximenes
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ruth Yanai
- SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Nikolay Yankov
- Botanical Garden of the Samara University, Samara, Russia
| | - Benjamin Yguel
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Amy E Zanne
- Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Chad R Zirbel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Georg Zizka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irié Casimir Zo-Bi
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Brady SP, Bolnick DI, Barrett RDH, Chapman L, Crispo E, Derry AM, Eckert CG, Fraser DJ, Fussmann GF, Gonzalez A, Guichard F, Lamy T, Lane J, McAdam AG, Newman AEM, Paccard A, Robertson B, Rolshausen G, Schulte PM, Simons AM, Vellend M, Hendry A. Understanding Maladaptation by Uniting Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives. Am Nat 2019; 194:495-515. [PMID: 31490718 DOI: 10.1086/705020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary biologists have long trained their sights on adaptation, focusing on the power of natural selection to produce relative fitness advantages while often ignoring changes in absolute fitness. Ecologists generally have taken a different tack, focusing on changes in abundance and ranges that reflect absolute fitness while often ignoring relative fitness. Uniting these perspectives, we articulate various causes of relative and absolute maladaptation and review numerous examples of their occurrence. This review indicates that maladaptation is reasonably common from both perspectives, yet often in contrasting ways. That is, maladaptation can appear strong from a relative fitness perspective, yet populations can be growing in abundance. Conversely, resident individuals can appear locally adapted (relative to nonresident individuals) yet be declining in abundance. Understanding and interpreting these disconnects between relative and absolute maladaptation, as well as the cases of agreement, is increasingly critical in the face of accelerating human-mediated environmental change. We therefore present a framework for studying maladaptation, focusing in particular on the relationship between absolute and relative fitness, thereby drawing together evolutionary and ecological perspectives. The unification of these ecological and evolutionary perspectives has the potential to bring together previously disjunct research areas while addressing key conceptual issues and specific practical problems.
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22
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Chase JM, McGill BJ, Thompson PL, Antão LH, Bates AE, Blowes SA, Dornelas M, Gonzalez A, Magurran AE, Supp SR, Winter M, Bjorkman AD, Bruelheide H, Byrnes JEK, Cabral JS, Elahi R, Gomez C, Guzman HM, Isbell F, Myers‐Smith IH, Jones HP, Hines J, Vellend M, Waldock C, O'Connor M. Species richness change across spatial scales. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
- Dept of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther Univ. ‐Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Brian J. McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology & Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, Univ. of Maine Orono ME USA
| | - Patrick L. Thompson
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Dept of Zoology, Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
- Dept of Biology and CESAM, Univ de Aveiro Portugal
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
- Dept of Ocean Sciences, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland St. John's NF Canada
| | - Shane A. Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
| | - Sarah R. Supp
- Data Analytics Program, Denison Univ Granville OH USA
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Anne D. Bjorkman
- Group for Informatics and Biodiversity, Dept of Bioscience, Aarhus Univ Aarhus Denmark
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther Univ Halle‐Wittenberg Halle, (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Juliano Sarmento Cabral
- Ecosystem Modeling, Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB), Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Robin Elahi
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford Univ Pacific Grove CA USA
| | - Catalina Gomez
- Smithsonian Tropical Res. Inst Panama Republic of Panama
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill Univ Montreal QC Canada
| | | | - Forest Isbell
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Univ.y of Minnesota Twin Cities Saint Paul MN USA
| | | | - Holly P. Jones
- Dept of Biological Sciences and Inst. for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability and Energy, Northern Illinois Univ DeKalb IL USA
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Mark Vellend
- Dépt de Biologie, Univ. de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Conor Waldock
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Univ. of Southampton Southampton England UK
| | - Mary O'Connor
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Dept of Zoology, Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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23
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Becker-Scarpitta A, Vissault S, Vellend M. Four decades of plant community change along a continental gradient of warming. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1629-1641. [PMID: 30636090 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many studies of individual sites have revealed biotic changes consistent with climate warming (e.g., upward elevational distribution shifts), but our understanding of the tremendous variation among studies in the magnitude of such biotic changes is minimal. In this study, we resurveyed forest vegetation plots 40 years after the initial surveys in three protected areas along a west-to-east gradient of increasingly steep recent warming trends in eastern Canada (Québec). Consistent with the hypothesis that climate warming has been an important driver of vegetation change, we found an increasing magnitude of changes in species richness and composition from west to east among the three parks. For the two mountainous parks, we found no significant changes in elevational species' distributions in the easternmost park (raw mean = +11.4 m at Forillon Park) where warming has been minimal, and significant upward distribution shifts in the centrally located park (+38.9 m at Mont-Mégantic), where the recent warming trend has been marked. Community Temperature Indices (CTI), reflecting the average affinities of locally co-occurring species to temperature conditions across their geographic ranges ("Species Temperature Indices"), did not change over time as predicted. However, close examination of the underpinnings of CTI values suggested a high sensitivity to uncertainty in individual species' temperature indices, and so a potentially limited responsiveness to warming. Overall, by testing a priori predictions concerning variation among parks in the direction and magnitude of vegetation changes, we have provided stronger evidence for a link between climate warming and biotic responses than otherwise possible and provided a potential explanation for large variation among studies in warming-related biotic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Vissault
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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24
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De Frenne P, Zellweger F, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Scheffers BR, Hylander K, Luoto M, Vellend M, Verheyen K, Lenoir J. Global buffering of temperatures under forest canopies. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:744-749. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Danneyrolles V, Dupuis S, Fortin G, Leroyer M, de Römer A, Terrail R, Vellend M, Boucher Y, Laflamme J, Bergeron Y, Arseneault D. Stronger influence of anthropogenic disturbance than climate change on century-scale compositional changes in northern forests. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1265. [PMID: 30894543 PMCID: PMC6426862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting future ecosystem dynamics depends critically on an improved understanding of how disturbances and climate change have driven long-term ecological changes in the past. Here we assembled a dataset of >100,000 tree species lists from the 19th century across a broad region (>130,000km2) in temperate eastern Canada, as well as recent forest inventories, to test the effects of changes in anthropogenic disturbance, temperature and moisture on forest dynamics. We evaluate changes in forest composition using four indices quantifying the affinities of co-occurring tree species with temperature, drought, light and disturbance. Land-use driven shifts favouring more disturbance-adapted tree species are far stronger than any effects ascribable to climate change, although the responses of species to disturbance are correlated with their expected responses to climate change. As such, anthropogenic and natural disturbances are expected to have large direct effects on forests and also indirect effects via altered responses to future climate change. Separating anthropogenic and climatic impacts on forest compositions can be challenging due to a lack of data. Here the authors look at forest compositional changes in eastern Canada since the 19th century and find land use has most strongly shaped communities towards disturbance-adapted species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Danneyrolles
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada. .,Chaire industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQAM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada. .,Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Sébastien Dupuis
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Gabriel Fortin
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Marie Leroyer
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - André de Römer
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Raphaële Terrail
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Yan Boucher
- Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada.,Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Jason Laflamme
- Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada.,Direction des inventaires forestiers, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, QC, G1H 6R1, Canada
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Chaire industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQAM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada.,Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Dominique Arseneault
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.,Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada
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26
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Barnett DT, Adler PB, Chemel BR, Duffy PA, Enquist BJ, Grace JB, Harrison S, Peet RK, Schimel DS, Stohlgren TJ, Vellend M. The plant diversity sampling design for The National Ecological Observatory Network. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David T. Barnett
- Battelle Memorial Institute 1685 38th Street Suite 100 Boulder Colorado 80301 USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University 5230 Old Main Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Benjamin R. Chemel
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative 185 Center Street Jackson Wyoming 83001 USA
| | - Paul A. Duffy
- Neptune and Company Inc. 1435 Garrison Street Suite 100 Lakewood Colorado 80215 USA
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona PO Box 210088, 1041 E Lowell Street Tucson Arizona 85721 USA
| | - James B. Grace
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center 700 Cajundome Boulevard Lafayette Louisiana 70506 USA
| | - Susan Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Robert K. Peet
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599‐3280 USA
| | - David S. Schimel
- NASA Jet Propulsion Lab 4800 Grove Drive Pasadena California 91109 USA
| | - Thomas J. Stohlgren
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523‐1499 USA
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke 2500, boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
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27
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Bálint M, Pfenninger M, Grossart HP, Taberlet P, Vellend M, Leibold MA, Englund G, Bowler D. Environmental DNA Time Series in Ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:945-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Kharouba HM, Lewthwaite JMM, Guralnick R, Kerr JT, Vellend M. Using insect natural history collections to study global change impacts: challenges and opportunities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20170405. [PMID: 30455219 PMCID: PMC6282079 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, natural history collections (NHCs) have played an increasingly prominent role in global change research, but they have still greater potential, especially for the most diverse group of animals on Earth: insects. Here, we review the role of NHCs in advancing our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary responses of insects to recent global changes. Insect NHCs have helped document changes in insects' geographical distributions, phenology, phenotypic and genotypic traits over time periods up to a century. Recent work demonstrates the enormous potential of NHCs data for examining insect responses at multiple temporal, spatial and phylogenetic scales. Moving forward, insect NHCs offer unique opportunities to examine the morphological, chemical and genomic information in each specimen, thus advancing our understanding of the processes underlying species' ecological and evolutionary responses to rapid, widespread global changes.This article is part of the theme issue 'Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the anthropocene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Kharouba
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 9B4
| | - Jayme M M Lewthwaite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Rob Guralnick
- Department of Natural History and the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jeremy T Kerr
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 9B4
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1 K 2R1
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29
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Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Normand S, Rüger N, Beck PSA, Blach-Overgaard A, Blok D, Cornelissen JHC, Forbes BC, Georges D, Goetz SJ, Guay KC, Henry GHR, HilleRisLambers J, Hollister RD, Karger DN, Kattge J, Manning P, Prevéy JS, Rixen C, Schaepman-Strub G, Thomas HJD, Vellend M, Wilmking M, Wipf S, Carbognani M, Hermanutz L, Lévesque E, Molau U, Petraglia A, Soudzilovskaia NA, Spasojevic MJ, Tomaselli M, Vowles T, Alatalo JM, Alexander HD, Anadon-Rosell A, Angers-Blondin S, Beest MT, Berner L, Björk RG, Buchwal A, Buras A, Christie K, Cooper EJ, Dullinger S, Elberling B, Eskelinen A, Frei ER, Grau O, Grogan P, Hallinger M, Harper KA, Heijmans MMPD, Hudson J, Hülber K, Iturrate-Garcia M, Iversen CM, Jaroszynska F, Johnstone JF, Jørgensen RH, Kaarlejärvi E, Klady R, Kuleza S, Kulonen A, Lamarque LJ, Lantz T, Little CJ, Speed JDM, Michelsen A, Milbau A, Nabe-Nielsen J, Nielsen SS, Ninot JM, Oberbauer SF, Olofsson J, Onipchenko VG, Rumpf SB, Semenchuk P, Shetti R, Collier LS, Street LE, Suding KN, Tape KD, Trant A, Treier UA, Tremblay JP, Tremblay M, Venn S, Weijers S, Zamin T, Boulanger-Lapointe N, Gould WA, Hik DS, Hofgaard A, Jónsdóttir IS, Jorgenson J, Klein J, Magnusson B, Tweedie C, Wookey PA, Bahn M, Blonder B, van Bodegom PM, Bond-Lamberty B, Campetella G, Cerabolini BEL, Chapin FS, Cornwell WK, Craine J, Dainese M, de Vries FT, Díaz S, Enquist BJ, Green W, Milla R, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Ordoñez JC, Ozinga WA, Penuelas J, Poorter H, Poschlod P, Reich PB, Sandel B, Schamp B, Sheremetev S, Weiher E. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome. Nature 2018; 562:57-62. [PMID: 30258229 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature-trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Bjorkman
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | - Sarah C Elmendorf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Signe Normand
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Pieter S A Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Bio-Economy Unit, Ispra, Italy
| | - Anne Blach-Overgaard
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daan Blok
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Hans C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce C Forbes
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Damien Georges
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Scott J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin C Guay
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, USA
| | - Gregory H R Henry
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Dirk N Karger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janet S Prevéy
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Schaepman-Strub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Ulf Molau
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marko J Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tage Vowles
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heather D Alexander
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Alba Anadon-Rosell
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariska Te Beest
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Logan Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Robert G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Agata Buchwal
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Allan Buras
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth J Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Esther R Frei
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Grau
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Hallinger
- Biology Department, Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karen A Harper
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Monique M P D Heijmans
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - James Hudson
- British Columbia Public Service, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karl Hülber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maitane Iturrate-Garcia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Francesca Jaroszynska
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jill F Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rasmus Halfdan Jørgensen
- Forest and Landscape College, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Nødebo, Denmark
| | - Elina Kaarlejärvi
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Klady
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara Kuleza
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aino Kulonen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Trevor Lantz
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chelsea J Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - James D M Speed
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sigrid Schøler Nielsen
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Josep M Ninot
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Semenchuk
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rohan Shetti
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Siegwart Collier
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Lorna E Street
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ken D Tape
- Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Andrew Trant
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Urs A Treier
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jean-Pierre Tremblay
- Département de biologie, Centre d'études nordiques and Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime Tremblay
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Susanna Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stef Weijers
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tara Zamin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William A Gould
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - David S Hik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ingibjörg S Jónsdóttir
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Janet Jorgenson
- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Julia Klein
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Philip A Wookey
- Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Michael Bahn
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Bond-Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - F Stuart Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - William K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Matteo Dainese
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Walton Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruben Milla
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Wim A Ozinga
- Team Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Evan Weiher
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
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30
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Perring MP, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Baeten L, Midolo G, Blondeel H, Depauw L, Landuyt D, Maes SL, De Lombaerde E, Carón MM, Vellend M, Brunet J, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Diekmann M, Dirnböck T, Dörfler I, Durak T, De Frenne P, Gilliam FS, Hédl R, Heinken T, Hommel P, Jaroszewicz B, Kirby KJ, Kopecký M, Lenoir J, Li D, Máliš F, Mitchell FJG, Naaf T, Newman M, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Van Calster H, Vild O, Wagner ER, Wulf M, Verheyen K. Global environmental change effects on plant community composition trajectories depend upon management legacies. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:1722-1740. [PMID: 29271579 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The contemporary state of functional traits and species richness in plant communities depends on legacy effects of past disturbances. Whether temporal responses of community properties to current environmental changes are altered by such legacies is, however, unknown. We expect global environmental changes to interact with land-use legacies given different community trajectories initiated by prior management, and subsequent responses to altered resources and conditions. We tested this expectation for species richness and functional traits using 1814 survey-resurvey plot pairs of understorey communities from 40 European temperate forest datasets, syntheses of management transitions since the year 1800, and a trait database. We also examined how plant community indicators of resources and conditions changed in response to management legacies and environmental change. Community trajectories were clearly influenced by interactions between management legacies from over 200 years ago and environmental change. Importantly, higher rates of nitrogen deposition led to increased species richness and plant height in forests managed less intensively in 1800 (i.e., high forests), and to decreases in forests with a more intensive historical management in 1800 (i.e., coppiced forests). There was evidence that these declines in community variables in formerly coppiced forests were ameliorated by increased rates of temperature change between surveys. Responses were generally apparent regardless of sites' contemporary management classifications, although sometimes the management transition itself, rather than historic or contemporary management types, better explained understorey responses. Main effects of environmental change were rare, although higher rates of precipitation change increased plant height, accompanied by increases in fertility indicator values. Analysis of indicator values suggested the importance of directly characterising resources and conditions to better understand legacy and environmental change effects. Accounting for legacies of past disturbance can reconcile contradictory literature results and appears crucial to anticipating future responses to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Midolo
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Haben Blondeel
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Dries Landuyt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sybryn L Maes
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Maria Mercedes Carón
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas (LABIBO) - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Unité de recherche "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Inken Dörfler
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Ecology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Department of Plant Production, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patrick Hommel
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Keith J Kirby
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- Unité de recherche "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Fraser J G Mitchell
- Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Miles Newman
- Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Petr Petřík
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, L. Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Ondřej Vild
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Rosa Wagner
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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31
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Lajoie G, Vellend M. Characterizing the contribution of plasticity and genetic differentiation to community-level trait responses to environmental change. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3895-3907. [PMID: 29721266 PMCID: PMC5916269 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The match between functional trait variation in communities and environmental gradients is maintained by three processes: phenotypic plasticity and genetic differentiation (intraspecific processes), and species turnover (interspecific). Recently, evidence has emerged suggesting that intraspecific variation might have a potentially large role in driving functional community composition and response to environmental change. However, empirical evidence quantifying the respective importance of phenotypic plasticity and genetic differentiation relative to species turnover is still lacking. We performed a reciprocal transplant experiment using a common herbaceous plant species (Oxalis montana) among low‐, mid‐, and high‐elevation sites to first quantify the contributions of plasticity and genetic differentiation in driving intraspecific variation in three traits: height, specific leaf area, and leaf area. We next compared the contributions of these intraspecific drivers of community trait–environment matching to that of species turnover, which had been previously assessed along the same elevational gradient. Plasticity was the dominant driver of intraspecific trait variation across elevation in all traits, with only a small contribution of genetic differentiation among populations. Local adaptation was not detected to a major extent along the gradient. Fitness components were greatest in O. montana plants with trait values closest to the local community‐weighted means, thus supporting the common assumption that community‐weighted mean trait values represent selective optima. Our results suggest that community‐level trait responses to ongoing climate change should be mostly mediated by species turnover, even at the small spatial scale of our study, with an especially small contribution of evolutionary adaptation within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Lajoie
- Département des sciences biologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada
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32
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Rivest S, Vellend M. Herbivory and pollen limitation at the upper elevational range limit of two forest understory plants of eastern North America. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:892-903. [PMID: 29375763 PMCID: PMC5773324 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of species' range limits focus most often on abiotic factors, although the strength of biotic interactions might also vary along environmental gradients and have strong demographic effects. For example, pollinator abundance might decrease at range limits due to harsh environmental conditions, and reduced plant density can reduce attractiveness to pollinators and increase or decrease herbivory. We tested for variation in the strength of pollen limitation and herbivory by ungulates along a gradient leading to the upper elevational range limits of Trillium erectum (Melanthiaceae) and Erythronium americanum (Liliaceae) in Mont Mégantic National Park, Québec, Canada. In T. erectum, pollen limitation was higher at the range limit, but seed set decreased only slightly with elevation and only in one of two years. In contrast, herbivory of T. erectum increased from <10% at low elevations to >60% at the upper elevational range limit. In E. americanum, we found no evidence of pollen limitation despite a significant decrease in seed set with elevation, and herbivory was low across the entire gradient. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential for relatively strong negative interactions (herbivory) and weak positive interactions (pollination) at plant range edges, although this was clearly species specific. To the extent that these interactions have important demographic consequences-highly likely for herbivory on Trillium, based on previous studies-such interactions might play a role in determining plant species' range limits along putatively climatic gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Rivest
- Département de BiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de BiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada
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33
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Wu C, Vellend M, Yuan W, Jiang B, Liu J, Shen A, Liu J, Zhu J, Yu M. Patterns and determinants of plant biodiversity in non-commercial forests of eastern China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188409. [PMID: 29161324 PMCID: PMC5697849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-commercial forests represent important habitats for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem function in China, yet no studies have explored the patterns and determinants of plant biodiversity in these human dominated landscapes. Here we test the influence of (1) forest type (pine, mixed, and broad-leaved), (2) disturbance history, and (3) environmental factors, on tree species richness and composition in 600 study plots in eastern China. In total, we found 143 species in 53 families of woody plants, with a number of species rare and endemic in the study region. Species richness in mixed forest and broad-leaved forest was higher than that in pine forest, and was higher in forests with less disturbance. Species composition was influenced by environment factors in different ways in different forest types, with important variables including elevation, soil depth and aspect. Surprisingly, we found little effect of forest age after disturbance on species composition. Most non-commercial forests in this region are dominated by species poor pine forests and mixed young forests. As such, our results highlight the importance of broad-leaved forests for regional plant biodiversity conservation. To increase the representation of broad-leaved non-commercial forests, specific management practices such as thinning of pine trees could be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuping Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mark Vellend
- Departement de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Weigao Yuan
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aihua Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinru Zhu
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingjian Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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34
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Vellend M, Young AB, Letendre G, Rivest S. Thaw circles around tree trunks provide spring ephemeral plants with a big head start on the growing season. Ecology 2017; 98:3224-3226. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Quebec Canada
| | - Amanda B. Young
- Département de biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Quebec Canada
| | - Gabriel Letendre
- Département de biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Quebec Canada
| | - Sébastien Rivest
- Département de biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Quebec Canada
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35
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Múrria C, Bonada N, Vellend M, Zamora‐Muñoz C, Alba‐Tercedor J, Sainz‐Cantero CE, Garrido J, Acosta R, El Alami M, Barquín J, Derka T, Álvarez‐Cabria M, Sáinz‐Bariain M, Filipe AF, Vogler AP. Local environment rather than past climate determines community composition of mountain stream macroinvertebrates across Europe. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6085-6099. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesc Múrria
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
- Département de Biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Núria Bonada
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Carmen Zamora‐Muñoz
- Departamento de Zoología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Javier Alba‐Tercedor
- Departamento de Zoología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada Spain
| | | | - Josefina Garrido
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal Facultad de Biología Universidad de Vigo Vigo Spain
| | - Raul Acosta
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Majida El Alami
- Department of Biology University Abdelmalek Essâadi Tétouan Morocco
| | - Jose Barquín
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute Universidad de Cantabria Santander Spain
| | - Tomáš Derka
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Marta Sáinz‐Bariain
- Departamento de Zoología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Ana F. Filipe
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- CEABN/InBIO Centro de Ecologia Aplicada Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Alfried P. Vogler
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot Berkshire UK
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36
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Prevéy J, Vellend M, Rüger N, Hollister RD, Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Clark K, Cooper EJ, Elberling B, Fosaa AM, Henry GHR, Høye TT, Jónsdóttir IS, Klanderud K, Lévesque E, Mauritz M, Molau U, Natali SM, Oberbauer SF, Panchen ZA, Post E, Rumpf SB, Schmidt NM, Schuur EAG, Semenchuk PR, Troxler T, Welker JM, Rixen C. Greater temperature sensitivity of plant phenology at colder sites: implications for convergence across northern latitudes. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:2660-2671. [PMID: 28079308 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Warmer temperatures are accelerating the phenology of organisms around the world. Temperature sensitivity of phenology might be greater in colder, higher latitude sites than in warmer regions, in part because small changes in temperature constitute greater relative changes in thermal balance at colder sites. To test this hypothesis, we examined up to 20 years of phenology data for 47 tundra plant species at 18 high-latitude sites along a climatic gradient. Across all species, the timing of leaf emergence and flowering was more sensitive to a given increase in summer temperature at colder than warmer high-latitude locations. A similar pattern was seen over time for the flowering phenology of a widespread species, Cassiope tetragona. These are among the first results highlighting differential phenological responses of plants across a climatic gradient and suggest the possibility of convergence in flowering times and therefore an increase in gene flow across latitudes as the climate warms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Prevéy
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260 Davos, Switzerland
- USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512, USA
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Robert D Hollister
- Biology Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49041, USA
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Karin Clark
- Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, NT X1A 3S8, Canada
| | - Elisabeth J Cooper
- Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna M Fosaa
- Faroese Museum of Natural History, Hoyvík 188, Faroe Islands
| | - Gregory H R Henry
- Department of Geography and Biodiversity Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Toke T Høye
- Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ingibjörg S Jónsdóttir
- The University Centre in Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Marguerite Mauritz
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Center, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Ulf Molau
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Steven F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Zoe A Panchen
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Eric Post
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Niels M Schmidt
- Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Edward A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Center, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Phillip R Semenchuk
- Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Jeffrey M Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260 Davos, Switzerland
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Urli M, Brown CD, Narváez Perez R, Chagnon PL, Vellend M. Increased seedling establishment via enemy release at the upper elevational range limit of sugar maple. Ecology 2017; 97:3058-3069. [PMID: 27870043 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The enemy release hypothesis is frequently invoked to explain invasion by nonnative species, but studies focusing on the influence of enemies on natural plant range expansion due to climate change remain scarce. We combined multiple approaches to study the influence of plant-enemy interactions on the upper elevational range limit of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in southeastern Québec, Canada, where a previous study had demonstrated intense seed predation just beyond the range limit. Consistent with the hypothesis of release from natural enemies at the range limit, data from both natural patterns of regeneration and from seed and seedling transplant experiments showed higher seedling densities at the range edge than in the core of the species' distribution. A growth chamber experiment manipulating soil origin and temperature indicated that this so-called "happy edge" was not likely caused by temperature (i.e., the possibility that climate warming has made high elevation temperatures optimal for sugar maple) or by abiotic soil factors that vary along the elevational gradient. Finally, an insect-herbivore-exclusion experiment showed that insect herbivory was a major cause of seedling mortality in the core of sugar maple's distribution, whereas seedlings transplanted at or beyond the range edge experienced minimal herbivory (i.e., enemy release). Insect herbivory did not completely explain the high levels of seedling mortality in the core of the species' distribution, suggesting that seedlings at or beyond the range edge may also experience release from pathogens. In sum, while some effects of enemies are magnified beyond range edges (e.g., seed predation), others are dampened at and beyond the range edge (e.g., insect herbivory), such that understanding the net outcome of different biotic interactions within, at and beyond the edge of distribution is critical to predicting species' responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Urli
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, 2700 Einstein, Québec, Québec, G1P 3W8, Canada.,Centre d'étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Carissa D Brown
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Department of Geography, Memorial University, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Rosela Narváez Perez
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Chagnon
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
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38
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Vellend M, Baeten L, Becker-Scarpitta A, Boucher-Lalonde V, McCune JL, Messier J, Myers-Smith IH, Sax DF. Plant Biodiversity Change Across Scales During the Anthropocene. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2017; 68:563-586. [PMID: 28125286 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities have undergone dramatic changes in recent centuries, although not all such changes fit with the dominant biodiversity-crisis narrative used to describe them. At the global scale, future declines in plant species diversity are highly likely given habitat conversion in the tropics, although few extinctions have been documented for the Anthropocene to date (<0.1%). Nonnative species introductions have greatly increased plant species richness in many regions of the world at the same time that they have led to the creation of new hybrid polyploid species by bringing previously isolated congeners into close contact. At the local scale, conversion of primary vegetation to agriculture has decreased plant diversity, whereas other drivers of change-e.g., climate warming, habitat fragmentation, and nitrogen deposition-have highly context-dependent effects, resulting in a distribution of temporal trends with a mean close to zero. These results prompt a reassessment of how conservation goals are defined and justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jenny L McCune
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Julie Messier
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Isla H Myers-Smith
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Dov F Sax
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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39
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Bjorkman AD, Vellend M, Frei ER, Henry GHR. Climate adaptation is not enough: warming does not facilitate success of southern tundra plant populations in the high Arctic. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:1540-1551. [PMID: 27391174 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly rising temperatures are expected to cause latitudinal and elevational range shifts as species track their optimal climate north and upward. However, a lack of adaptation to environmental conditions other than climate - for example photoperiod, biotic interactions, or edaphic conditions - might limit the success of immigrants in a new location despite hospitable climatic conditions. Here, we present one of the first direct experimental tests of the hypothesis that warmer temperatures at northern latitudes will confer a fitness advantage to southern immigrants relative to native populations. As rates of warming in the Arctic are more than double the global average, understanding the impacts of warming in Arctic ecosystems is especially urgent. We established experimentally warmed and nonwarmed common garden plots at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island in the Canadian High Arctic with seeds of two forb species (Oxyria digyna and Papaver radicatum) originating from three to five populations at different latitudes across the Arctic. We found that plants from the local populations generally had higher survival and obtained a greater maximum size than foreign individuals, regardless of warming treatment. Phenological traits varied with latitude of the source population, such that southern populations demonstrated substantially delayed leaf-out and senescence relative to northern populations. Our results suggest that environmental conditions other than temperature may influence the ability of foreign populations and species to establish at more northerly latitudes as the climate warms, potentially leading to lags in northward range shifts for some species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Geography and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K2R1, Canada
| | - Esther R Frei
- Department of Geography and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gregory H R Henry
- Department of Geography and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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40
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Craven D, Thakur MP, Cameron EK, Frelich LE, Beauséjour R, Blair RB, Blossey B, Burtis J, Choi A, Dávalos A, Fahey TJ, Fisichelli NA, Gibson K, Handa IT, Hopfensperger K, Loss SR, Nuzzo V, Maerz JC, Sackett T, Scharenbroch BC, Smith SM, Vellend M, Umek LG, Eisenhauer N. The unseen invaders: introduced earthworms as drivers of change in plant communities in North American forests (a meta-analysis). Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:1065-1074. [PMID: 27590777 PMCID: PMC5324548 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Globally, biological invasions can have strong impacts on biodiversity as well as ecosystem functioning. While less conspicuous than introduced aboveground organisms, introduced belowground organisms may have similarly strong effects. Here, we synthesize for the first time the impacts of introduced earthworms on plant diversity and community composition in North American forests. We conducted a meta-analysis using a total of 645 observations to quantify mean effect sizes of associations between introduced earthworm communities and plant diversity, cover of plant functional groups, and cover of native and non-native plants. We found that plant diversity significantly declined with increasing richness of introduced earthworm ecological groups. While plant species richness or evenness did not change with earthworm invasion, our results indicate clear changes in plant community composition: cover of graminoids and non-native plant species significantly increased, and cover of native plant species (of all functional groups) tended to decrease, with increasing earthworm biomass. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that introduced earthworms facilitate particular plant species adapted to the abiotic conditions of earthworm-invaded forests. Further, our study provides evidence that introduced earthworms are associated with declines in plant diversity in North American forests. Changing plant functional composition in these forests may have long-lasting effects on ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Craven
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e04103LeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2104103LeipzigGermany
| | - Madhav P. Thakur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e04103LeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2104103LeipzigGermany
| | - Erin K. Cameron
- Metapopulation Research CentreDepartment of BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 65, 00014 HelsinkiFinland
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate ChangeNatural History Museum of DenmarkUniversity of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15KøbenhavnDenmark
| | - Lee E. Frelich
- Center for Forest EcologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Robin Beauséjour
- Département de BiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada
| | - Robert B. Blair
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyUniversity Of Minnesota2003 Upper Buford Circle Suite 135St. PaulMN55108USA
| | - Bernd Blossey
- Department of Natural ResourcesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - James Burtis
- Department of Natural ResourcesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Amy Choi
- Faculty of ForestryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Andrea Dávalos
- Department of Natural ResourcesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Timothy J. Fahey
- Department of Natural ResourcesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Kevin Gibson
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - I. Tanya Handa
- Département des sciences biologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | | | - Scott R. Loss
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Victoria Nuzzo
- Natural Area Consultants1 West Hill School RoadRichfordNYUSA
| | - John C. Maerz
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - Tara Sackett
- Faculty of ForestryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | - Mark Vellend
- Département de BiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada
| | - Lauren G. Umek
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA
- Department of Plant ScienceChicago Botanic GardenGlencoeILUSA
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e04103LeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2104103LeipzigGermany
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41
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Vellend M, Dornelas M, Baeten L, Beauséjour R, Brown CD, De Frenne P, Elmendorf SC, Gotelli NJ, Moyes F, Myers-Smith IH, Magurran AE, McGill BJ, Shimadzu H, Sievers C. Estimates of local biodiversity change over time stand up to scrutiny. Ecology 2017; 98:583-590. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; 2500 boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute; School of Biology; University of St. Andrews; St. Andrews Fife KY16 9TH United Kingdom
| | - Lander Baeten
- Department of Forest and Water Management; Forest & Nature Lab; Ghent University; BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode Belgium
| | - Robin Beauséjour
- Département de Biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; 2500 boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Carissa D. Brown
- Department of Geography; Memorial University; St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Department of Forest and Water Management; Forest & Nature Lab; Ghent University; BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode Belgium
- Department of Plant Production; Ghent University; Proefhoevestraat 22 9090 Melle Belgium
| | | | | | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute; School of Biology; University of St. Andrews; St. Andrews Fife KY16 9TH United Kingdom
| | - Isla H. Myers-Smith
- School of GeoSciences; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH9 3FF United Kingdom
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute; School of Biology; University of St. Andrews; St. Andrews Fife KY16 9TH United Kingdom
| | - Brian J. McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology, Sustainability Solutions Initiative; University of Maine; Orono Maine 04469 USA
| | - Hideyasu Shimadzu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences; Loughborough University; Loughborough Leicestershire LE11 3TU United Kingdom
| | - Caya Sievers
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute; School of Biology; University of St. Andrews; St. Andrews Fife KY16 9TH United Kingdom
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44
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Verheyen K, De Frenne P, Baeten L, Waller DM, Hédl R, Perring MP, Blondeel H, Brunet J, Chudomelova M, Decocq G, De Lombaerde E, Depauw L, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Eriksson O, Gilliam FS, Heinken T, Heinrichs S, Hermy M, Jaroszewicz B, Jenkins MA, Johnson SE, Kirby KJ, Kopecký M, Landuyt D, Lenoir J, Li D, Macek M, Maes S, Máliš F, Mitchell FJG, Naaf T, Peterken G, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Rogers DA, Schei FH, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Ujházy K, Van Calster H, Vellend M, Vild O, Woods K, Wulf M, Bernhard-Römermann M. Combining community resurvey data to advance global change research. Bioscience 2016; 67:73-83. [PMID: 30220729 PMCID: PMC6136644 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more ecologists have started to resurvey communities sampled in earlier decades to determine long-term shifts in community composition and infer the likely drivers of the ecological changes observed. However, to assess the relative importance of, and interactions among, multiple drivers joint analyses of resurvey data from many regions spanning large environmental gradients are needed. In this paper we illustrate how combining resurvey data from multiple regions can increase the likelihood of driver-orthogonality within the design and show that repeatedly surveying across multiple regions provides higher representativeness and comprehensiveness, allowing us to answer more completely a broader range of questions. We provide general guidelines to aid implementation of multi-region resurvey databases. In so doing, we aim to encourage resurvey database development across other community types and biomes to advance global environmental change research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Donald M Waller
- Botany Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA,
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic, ; Department of Botany, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Michael P Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium, ; Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, AUSTRALIA,
| | - Haben Blondeel
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden,
| | - Markéeta Chudomelova
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno CZ-60200, Czech Republic,
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Jules Verne University of Picardy, 1, rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cédex, FRANCE,
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Thomas Dirnböck
- Department for Ecosystem Research, Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria,
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Botany, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, Rzeszów PL-35-601, Poland,
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE - 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755-2510, USA,
| | - Thilo Heinken
- Biodiversity Research / Systematic Botany, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469 Potsdam, Germany,
| | - Steffi Heinrichs
- Department Silviculture & Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Burckhardt Institute, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,
| | - Martin Hermy
- Dept Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200E, Heverlee 3001, Belgium,
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Sportowa 19, Białowieża, 17-230, Poland
| | - Michael A Jenkins
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA,
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Department of Natural Resources and Biology, Northland College, 1411 Ellis Avenue, Ashland, Wisconsin 54806, USA,
| | - Keith J Kirby
- Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK,
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, CZ-602 00, Czech Republic, , : Department of Forest Ecology, : Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, : Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Dries Landuyt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et dynamique des systems anthropisés" (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France,
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA,
| | - Martin Macek
- Dept. of GIS and RS, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice 252 43, Czech Republic,
| | - Sybryn Maes
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest & Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium,
| | - Frantisek Máliš
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia,
| | | | - Tobias Naaf
- Institute of Land Use Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany,
| | | | - Petr Petřík
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice 25243, Czech Republic,
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Wrocław University, Museum of Natural History, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław 50-335, Poland,
| | - David A Rogers
- Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Parkside, 900 Wood Rd., Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, USA,
| | - Fride Hoistad Schei
- Forestry and Forest Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Fanaflaten 4, 5244 Fana, Norway,
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Faculty of Forestry and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Dept. Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary,
| | - Krzystof Świerkosz
- Wrocław University, Museum of Natural History, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław 50-335, Poland,
| | - Karol Ujházy
- Department of Phytology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia,
| | - Hans Van Calster
- Biometry & Quality Assurance, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Kliniekstraat 25, Brussels, 1070, Belgium,
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada,
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic, Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno CZ-60200, Czech Republic,
| | - Kerry Woods
- Natural Sciences, Bennington College, 1 College Drive, Bennington, VT 05201, USA,
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Land Use Systems, Eberswalder Straße 84, Müncheberg, 15374, Germany,
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45
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Abstract
In the absence of migration, species persistence depends on adaption to a changing environment, but whether and how adaptation to global change is altered by community diversity is not understood. Community diversity may prevent, enhance or alter how species adapt to changing conditions by influencing population sizes, genetic diversity and/or the fitness landscape experienced by focal species. We tested the impact of community diversity on adaptation by performing a reciprocal transplant experiment on grasses that evolved for 14 years under ambient and elevated CO2, in communities of low or high species richness. Using biomass as a fitness proxy, we find evidence for local adaptation to elevated CO2, but only for plants assayed in a community of similar diversity to the one experienced during the period of selection. Our results indicate that the biological community shapes the very nature of the fitness landscape within which species evolve in response to elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Kleynhans
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Sarah P. Otto
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
- Hawksbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
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46
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Abstract
Intraspecific trait variation (ITV) plays a potentially important role in determining functional community composition across environmental gradients. However, the importance of ITV varies greatly among studies, and we lack a coherent understanding of the contexts under which to expect a high vs. low contribution of ITV to trait-environment matching among communities. Here we first elaborate a novel conceptual framework posing specific hypotheses and predictions about the environmental and ecological contexts underlying the contribution of ITV to community trait turnover. We then empirically test these predictions in understory herbaceous plant communities in a montane environment, for three functional traits (flowering phenology, specific leaf area, and height). We found that different components of trait variation mapped onto different environmental axes, specifically reporting a greater contribution of ITV along non-climatic axes (e.g., soil properties, light) than along the main climatic axis (i.e., elevation), as predicted by the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity (a major source of ITV) is greatest in response to conditions varying at a small spatial scale. Based on a variant of the niche-variation hypothesis, we predicted that the importance of ITV would be greatest in the lowest-diversity portion of the elevational gradient (i.e., at high elevation), but this prediction was not supported. Finally, the generally strong intraspecific responses to the gradient observed across species did not necessarily give rise to a high contribution of ITV (or vice versa) given (1) an especially weak or strong response of a dominant species driving the community-level trend, (2) differences among species in the direction of trait-environment response cancelling out, or (3) relatively narrow portions of the gradient where individual species abundances were high enough to have an important impact on community-level trait means. Our research identifies contexts in which we can predict that local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity will play a relatively large role in mediating community-level trait responses to environmental change.
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47
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Bjorkman AD, Elmendorf SC, Beamish AL, Vellend M, Henry GHR. Contrasting effects of warming and increased snowfall on Arctic tundra plant phenology over the past two decades. Glob Chang Biol 2015. [PMID: 26216538 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent changes in climate have led to significant shifts in phenology, with many studies demonstrating advanced phenology in response to warming temperatures. The rate of temperature change is especially high in the Arctic, but this is also where we have relatively little data on phenological changes and the processes driving these changes. In order to understand how Arctic plant species are likely to respond to future changes in climate, we monitored flowering phenology in response to both experimental and ambient warming for four widespread species in two habitat types over 21 years. We additionally used long-term environmental records to disentangle the effects of temperature increase and changes in snowmelt date on phenological patterns. While flowering occurred earlier in response to experimental warming, plants in unmanipulated plots showed no change or a delay in flowering over the 21-year period, despite more than 1 °C of ambient warming during that time. This counterintuitive result was likely due to significantly delayed snowmelt over the study period (0.05-0.2 days/yr) due to increased winter snowfall. The timing of snowmelt was a strong driver of flowering phenology for all species - especially for early-flowering species - while spring temperature was significantly related to flowering time only for later-flowering species. Despite significantly delayed flowering phenology, the timing of seed maturation showed no significant change over time, suggesting that warmer temperatures may promote more rapid seed development. The results of this study highlight the importance of understanding the specific environmental cues that drive species' phenological responses as well as the complex interactions between temperature and precipitation when forecasting phenology over the coming decades. As demonstrated here, the effects of altered snowmelt patterns can counter the effects of warmer temperatures, even to the point of generating phenological responses opposite to those predicted by warming alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Geography and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research and University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Sarah C Elmendorf
- National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Alison L Beamish
- Department of Geography and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Periglacial Research Unit, Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Universitè de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K2R1, Canada
| | - Gregory H R Henry
- Department of Geography and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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48
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Abstract
We are limited in our ability to predict climate-change-induced range shifts by our inadequate understanding of how non-climatic factors contribute to determining range limits along putatively climatic gradients. Here, we present a unique combination of observations and experiments demonstrating that seed predation and soil properties strongly limit regeneration beyond the upper elevational range limit of sugar maple, a tree species of major economic importance. Most strikingly, regeneration beyond the range limit occurred almost exclusively when seeds were experimentally protected from predators. Regeneration from seed was depressed on soil from beyond the range edge when this soil was transplanted to sites within the range, with indirect evidence suggesting that fungal pathogens play a role. Non-climatic factors are clearly in need of careful attention when attempting to predict the biotic consequences of climate change. At minimum, we can expect non-climatic factors to create substantial time lags between the creation of more favourable climatic conditions and range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa D Brown
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boule. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1 Department of Geography, Memorial University, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boule. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
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49
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Kharouba HM, Vellend M. Flowering time of butterfly nectar food plants is more sensitive to temperature than the timing of butterfly adult flight. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:1311-21. [PMID: 25823582 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. Variation among species in their phenological responses to temperature change suggests that shifts in the relative timing of key life cycle events between interacting species are likely to occur under climate warming. However, it remains difficult to predict the prevalence and magnitude of these shifts given that there have been few comparisons of phenological sensitivities to temperature across interacting species. 2. Here, we used a broad-scale approach utilizing collection records to compare the temperature sensitivity of the timing of adult flight in butterflies vs. flowering of their potential nectar food plants (days per °C) across space and time in British Columbia, Canada. 3. On average, the phenology of both butterflies and plants advanced in response to warmer temperatures. However, the two taxa were differentially sensitive to temperature across space vs. across time, indicating the additional importance of nontemperature cues and/or local adaptation for many species. 4. Across butterfly-plant associations, flowering time was significantly more sensitive to temperature than the timing of butterfly flight and these sensitivities were not correlated. 5. Our results indicate that warming-driven shifts in the relative timing of life cycle events between butterflies and plants are likely to be prevalent, but that predicting the magnitude and direction of such changes in particular cases is going to require detailed, fine-scale data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Kharouba
- The Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Center for Population Biology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mark Vellend
- The Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
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50
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McCune JL, Vellend M. Using plant traits to predict the sensitivity of colonizations and extirpations to landscape context. Oecologia 2015; 178:511-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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