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McFeely O, Walsh PM, Desmond R, Enright H, Costa Blasco M, Wolinska A, Murphy L, Andrawis M, Beatty P, Doyle C, Tobin AM, O'Gorman S, Molloy K. Incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in the Republic of Ireland between 1994 and 2019. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e145-e147. [PMID: 37705380 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O McFeely
- Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P M Walsh
- National Cancer Registry of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Desmond
- Department of Haematology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Enright
- Department of Haematology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Costa Blasco
- Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Wolinska
- Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Andrawis
- Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Beatty
- Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Doyle
- Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A M Tobin
- Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S O'Gorman
- Department of Dermatology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Molloy
- Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Girardi F, Matz M, Stiller C, You H, Marcos Gragera R, Valkov MY, Bulliard JL, De P, Morrison D, Wanner M, O'Brian DK, Saint-Jacques N, Coleman MP, Allemani C, Hamdi-Chérif M, Kara L, Meguenni K, Regagba D, Bayo S, Cheick Bougadari T, Manraj SS, Bendahhou K, Ladipo A, Ogunbiyi OJ, Somdyala NIM, Chaplin MA, Moreno F, Calabrano GH, Espinola SB, Carballo Quintero B, Fita R, Laspada WD, Ibañez SG, Lima CA, Da Costa AM, De Souza PCF, Chaves J, Laporte CA, Curado MP, de Oliveira JC, Veneziano CLA, Veneziano DB, Almeida ABM, Latorre MRDO, Rebelo MS, Santos MO, Azevedo e Silva G, Galaz JC, Aparicio Aravena M, Sanhueza Monsalve J, Herrmann DA, Vargas S, Herrera VM, Uribe CJ, Bravo LE, Garcia LS, Arias-Ortiz NE, Morantes D, Jurado DM, Yépez Chamorro MC, Delgado S, Ramirez M, Galán Alvarez YH, Torres P, Martínez-Reyes F, Jaramillo L, Quinto R, Castillo J, Mendoza M, Cueva P, Yépez JG, Bhakkan B, Deloumeaux J, Joachim C, Macni J, Carrillo R, Shalkow Klincovstein J, Rivera Gomez R, Perez P, Poquioma E, Tortolero-Luna G, Zavala D, Alonso R, Barrios E, Eckstrand A, Nikiforuk C, Woods RR, Noonan G, Turner D, Kumar E, Zhang B, Dowden JJ, Doyle GP, Saint-Jacques N, Walsh G, Anam A, De P, McClure CA, Vriends KA, Bertrand C, Ramanakumar AV, Davis L, Kozie S, Freeman T, George JT, Avila RM, O’Brien DK, Holt A, Almon L, Kwong S, Morris C, Rycroft R, Mueller L, Phillips CE, Brown H, Cromartie B, Ruterbusch J, Schwartz AG, Levin GM, Wohler B, Bayakly R, Ward KC, Gomez SL, McKinley M, Cress R, Davis J, Hernandez B, Johnson CJ, Morawski BM, Ruppert LP, Bentler S, Charlton ME, Huang B, Tucker TC, Deapen D, Liu L, Hsieh MC, Wu XC, Schwenn M, Stern K, Gershman ST, Knowlton RC, Alverson G, Weaver T, Desai J, Rogers DB, Jackson-Thompson J, Lemons D, Zimmerman HJ, Hood M, Roberts-Johnson J, Hammond W, Rees JR, Pawlish KS, Stroup A, Key C, Wiggins C, Kahn AR, Schymura MJ, Radhakrishnan S, Rao C, Giljahn LK, Slocumb RM, Dabbs C, Espinoza RE, Aird KG, Beran T, Rubertone JJ, Slack SJ, Oh J, Janes TA, Schwartz SM, Chiodini SC, Hurley DM, Whiteside MA, Rai S, Williams MA, Herget K, Sweeney C, Kachajian J, Keitheri Cheteri MB, Migliore Santiago P, Blankenship SE, Conaway JL, Borchers R, Malicki R, Espinoza J, Grandpre J, Weir HK, Wilson R, Edwards BK, Mariotto A, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Wang N, Yang L, Chen JS, Zhou Y, He YT, Song GH, Gu XP, Mei D, Mu HJ, Ge HM, Wu TH, Li YY, Zhao DL, Jin F, Zhang JH, Zhu FD, Junhua Q, Yang YL, Jiang CX, Biao W, Wang J, Li QL, Yi H, Zhou X, Dong J, Li W, Fu FX, Liu SZ, Chen JG, Zhu J, Li YH, Lu YQ, Fan M, Huang SQ, Guo GP, Zhaolai H, Wei K, Chen WQ, Wei W, Zeng H, Demetriou AV, Mang WK, Ngan KC, Kataki AC, Krishnatreya M, Jayalekshmi PA, Sebastian P, George PS, Mathew A, Nandakumar A, Malekzadeh R, Roshandel G, Keinan-Boker L, Silverman BG, Ito H, Koyanagi Y, Sato M, Tobori F, Nakata I, Teramoto N, Hattori M, Kaizaki Y, Moki F, Sugiyama H, Utada M, Nishimura M, Yoshida K, Kurosawa K, Nemoto Y, Narimatsu H, Sakaguchi M, Kanemura S, Naito M, Narisawa R, Miyashiro I, Nakata K, Mori D, Yoshitake M, Oki I, Fukushima N, Shibata A, Iwasa K, Ono C, Matsuda T, Nimri O, Jung KW, Won YJ, Alawadhi E, Elbasmi A, Ab Manan A, Adam F, Nansalmaa E, Tudev U, Ochir C, Al Khater AM, El Mistiri MM, Lim GH, Teo YY, Chiang CJ, Lee WC, Buasom R, Sangrajrang S, Suwanrungruang K, Vatanasapt P, Daoprasert K, Pongnikorn D, Leklob A, Sangkitipaiboon S, Geater SL, Sriplung H, Ceylan O, Kög I, Dirican O, Köse T, Gurbuz T, Karaşahin FE, Turhan D, Aktaş U, Halat Y, Eser S, Yakut CI, Altinisik M, Cavusoglu Y, Türkköylü A, Üçüncü N, Hackl M, Zborovskaya AA, Aleinikova OV, Henau K, Van Eycken L, Atanasov TY, Valerianova Z, Šekerija M, Dušek L, Zvolský M, Steinrud Mørch L, Storm H, Wessel Skovlund C, Innos K, Mägi M, Malila N, Seppä K, Jégu J, Velten M, Cornet E, Troussard X, Bouvier AM, Guizard AV, Bouvier V, Launoy G, Dabakuyo Yonli S, Poillot ML, Maynadié M, Mounier M, Vaconnet L, Woronoff AS, Daoulas M, Robaszkiewicz M, Clavel J, Poulalhon C, Desandes E, Lacour B, Baldi I, Amadeo B, Coureau G, Monnereau A, Orazio S, Audoin M, D’Almeida TC, Boyer S, Hammas K, Trétarre B, Colonna M, Delafosse P, Plouvier S, Cowppli-Bony A, Molinié F, Bara S, Ganry O, Lapôtre-Ledoux B, Daubisse-Marliac L, Bossard N, Uhry Z, Estève J, Stabenow R, Wilsdorf-Köhler H, Eberle A, Luttmann S, Löhden I, Nennecke AL, Kieschke J, Sirri E, Justenhoven C, Reinwald F, Holleczek B, Eisemann N, Katalinic A, Asquez RA, Kumar V, Petridou E, Ólafsdóttir EJ, Tryggvadóttir L, Murray DE, Walsh PM, Sundseth H, Harney M, Mazzoleni G, Vittadello F, Coviello E, Cuccaro F, Galasso R, Sampietro G, Giacomin A, Magoni M, Ardizzone A, D’Argenzio A, Di Prima AA, Ippolito A, Lavecchia AM, Sutera Sardo A, Gola G, Ballotari P, Giacomazzi E, Ferretti S, Dal Maso L, Serraino D, Celesia MV, Filiberti RA, Pannozzo F, Melcarne A, Quarta F, Andreano A, Russo AG, Carrozzi G, Cirilli C, Cavalieri d’Oro L, Rognoni M, Fusco M, Vitale MF, Usala M, Cusimano R, Mazzucco W, Michiara M, Sgargi P, Boschetti L, Marguati S, Chiaranda G, Seghini P, Maule MM, Merletti F, Spata E, Tumino R, Mancuso P, Cassetti T, Sassatelli R, Falcini F, Giorgetti S, Caiazzo AL, Cavallo R, Piras D, Bella F, Madeddu A, Fanetti AC, Maspero S, Carone S, Mincuzzi A, Candela G, Scuderi T, Gentilini MA, Rizzello R, Rosso S, Caldarella A, Intrieri T, Bianconi F, Contiero P, Tagliabue G, Rugge M, Zorzi M, Beggiato S, Brustolin A, Gatta G, De Angelis R, Vicentini M, Zanetti R, Stracci F, Maurina A, Oniščuka M, Mousavi M, Steponaviciene L, Vincerževskienė I, Azzopardi MJ, Calleja N, Siesling S, Visser O, Johannesen TB, Larønningen S, Trojanowski M, Macek P, Mierzwa T, Rachtan J, Rosińska A, Kępska K, Kościańska B, Barna K, Sulkowska U, Gebauer T, Łapińska JB, Wójcik-Tomaszewska J, Motnyk M, Patro A, Gos A, Sikorska K, Bielska-Lasota M, Didkowska JA, Wojciechowska U, Forjaz de Lacerda G, Rego RA, Carrito B, Pais A, Bento MJ, Rodrigues J, Lourenço A, Mayer-da-Silva A, Coza D, Todescu AI, Valkov MY, Gusenkova L, Lazarevich O, Prudnikova O, Vjushkov DM, Egorova A, Orlov A, Pikalova LV, Zhuikova LD, Adamcik J, Safaei Diba C, Zadnik V, Žagar T, De-La-Cruz M, Lopez-de-Munain A, Aleman A, Rojas D, Chillarón RJ, Navarro AIM, Marcos-Gragera R, Puigdemont M, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Sánchez Perez MJ, Franch Sureda P, Ramos Montserrat M, Chirlaque López MD, Sánchez Gil A, Ardanaz E, Guevara M, Cañete-Nieto A, Peris-Bonet R, Carulla M, Galceran J, Almela F, Sabater C, Khan S, Pettersson D, Dickman P, Staehelin K, Struchen B, Egger Hayoz C, Rapiti E, Schaffar R, Went P, Mousavi SM, Bulliard JL, Maspoli-Conconi M, Kuehni CE, Redmond SM, Bordoni A, Ortelli L, Chiolero A, Konzelmann I, Rohrmann S, Wanner M, Broggio J, Rashbass J, Stiller C, Fitzpatrick D, Gavin A, Morrison DS, Thomson CS, Greene G, Huws DW, Grayson M, Rawcliffe H, Allemani C, Coleman MP, Di Carlo V, Girardi F, Matz M, Minicozzi P, Sanz N, Ssenyonga N, James D, Stephens R, Chalker E, Smith M, Gugusheff J, You H, Qin Li S, Dugdale S, Moore J, Philpot S, Pfeiffer R, Thomas H, Silva Ragaini B, Venn AJ, Evans SM, Te Marvelde L, Savietto V, Trevithick R, Aitken J, Currow D, Fowler C, Lewis C. Global survival trends for brain tumors, by histology: analysis of individual records for 556,237 adults diagnosed in 59 countries during 2000-2014 (CONCORD-3). Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:580-592. [PMID: 36355361 PMCID: PMC10013649 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of a health system in managing cancer. We set out to provide a comprehensive examination of worldwide variation and trends in survival from brain tumors in adults, by histology. METHODS We analyzed individual data for adults (15-99 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor (ICD-O-3 topography code C71) during 2000-2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a 3-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We estimated net survival for 11 histology groups, using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator. RESULTS The study included 556,237 adults. In 2010-2014, the global range in age-standardized 5-year net survival for the most common sub-types was broad: in the range 20%-38% for diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma, from 4% to 17% for glioblastoma, and between 32% and 69% for oligodendroglioma. For patients with glioblastoma, the largest gains in survival occurred between 2000-2004 and 2005-2009. These improvements were more noticeable among adults diagnosed aged 40-70 years than among younger adults. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors by histology in adults. We have highlighted remarkable gains in 5-year survival from glioblastoma since 2005, providing large-scale empirical evidence on the uptake of chemoradiation at population level. Worldwide, survival improvements have been extensive, but some countries still lag behind. Our findings may help clinicians involved in national and international tumor pathway boards to promote initiatives aimed at more extensive implementation of clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Girardi
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Melissa Matz
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Charles Stiller
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Hui You
- Cancer Information Analysis Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rafael Marcos Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Mikhail Y Valkov
- Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Jean-Luc Bulliard
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Neuchâtel and Jura Tumour Registry, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, and Research Office, Clinical Institutes and Quality Programs, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Morrison
- Scottish Cancer Registry, Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miriam Wanner
- Cancer Registry Zürich, Zug, Schaffhausen and Schwyz, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David K O'Brian
- Alaska Cancer Registry, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Department of Medicine and Community Health and Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michel P Coleman
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claudia Allemani
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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O'Reilly S, Kathryn Carroll H, Murray D, Burke L, McCarthy T, O'Connor R, Kilty C, Lynch S, Feighan J, Cloherty M, Fitzpatrick P, Falvey K, Murphy V, Jane O'Leary M, Gregg S, Young L, McAuliffe E, Hegarty J, Gavin A, Lawler M, Kavanagh P, Spillane S, McWade T, Heffron M, Ryan K, Kelly PJ, Murphy A, Corrigan M, Redmond HP, Redmond P, Walsh PM, Tierney P, Zhang M, Bennett K, Mullooly M. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care in Ireland - Perspectives from a COVID-19 and Cancer Working Group. J Cancer Policy 2023; 36:100414. [PMID: 36841473 PMCID: PMC9951610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2023.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Upon the COVID-19 pandemic onset in Ireland, cancer service disruptions occurred due to prioritisation of COVID-19 related care, redeployment of staff, initial pausing of screening, diagnostic, medical and surgical oncology procedures, staff shortages due to COVID-19 infection and impacts on the physical and mental health of cancer healthcare workers. This was coupled with reluctance among people with symptoms suspicious for cancer to attend for clinical evaluation, due to concerns of contracting the virus. This was further compounded by a cyber-attack on national health service IT systems on May 14th 2021. The Irish Cancer Society, a national cancer charity with a role in advocacy, research and patient supports, convened a multi-disciplinary stakeholder group (COVID-19 and Cancer Working Group) to reflect on and understand the impact of the pandemic on cancer patients and services in Ireland, and discuss potential mitigation strategies. Perspectives on experiences were gathered across domains including timeliness of data acquisition and its conversion into intelligence, and the resourcing of cancer care to address cancer service impacts. The group highlighted aspects for future research to understand the long-term pandemic impact on cancer outcomes, while also highlighting potential strategies to support cancer services, build resilience and address delayed diagnosis. Additional measures include the need for cancer workforce recruitment and retention, increased mental health supports for both patients and oncology professionals, improvements to public health messaging, a near real-time multimodal national cancer database, and robust digital and physical infrastructure to mitigate impacts of the current pandemic and future challenges to cancer care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus O'Reilly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital and Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Hailey Kathryn Carroll
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital and Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Murray
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise Burke
- Department of Pathology, Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Sonya Lynch
- PPI Contributor c/o Cancer Research, UCC University College Cork, T12 DCA4 Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Feighan
- Irish Nutrition & Dietetic Institute, Airfield Estate, Overend Ave, Dundrum, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve Cloherty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital and Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patricia Fitzpatrick
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; National Screening Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Mary Jane O'Leary
- Palliative Medicine, Marymount University Hospital and Hospice, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sophie Gregg
- Palliative Medicine, Marymount University Hospital and Hospice, Cork, Ireland
| | - Leonie Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eilish McAuliffe
- UCD IRIS Centre, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark Lawler
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; DATA-CAN, the UK's Health Data Research Hub for Cancer, UK
| | - Paul Kavanagh
- National Health Intelligence Unit, Strategy and Research, Jervis House, Jervis St, Health Service Executive, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Susan Spillane
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Terry McWade
- Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Karen Ryan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and St Francis Hospice Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul J Kelly
- Bon Secours Radiotherapy Centre, Bon Secours, Cork, Ireland; UPMC Hillman Cancer Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Murphy
- Department of Economics, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark Corrigan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - H Paul Redmond
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick Redmond
- Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Mengyang Zhang
- School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathleen Bennett
- School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve Mullooly
- School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Botta L, Gatta G, Capocaccia R, Stiller C, Cañete A, Dal Maso L, Innos K, Mihor A, Erdmann F, Spix C, Lacour B, Marcos-Gragera R, Murray D, Rossi S, Hackl M, Van Eycken E, Van Damme N, Valerianova Z, Sekerija M, Scoutellas V, Demetriou A, Dušek L, Krejci D, Storm H, Mägi M, Innos K, Paapsi K, Malila N, Pitkäniemi J, Jooste V, Clavel J, Poulalhon C, Lacour B, Desandes E, Monnereau A, Erdmann F, Spix C, Katalinic A, Petridou E, Markozannes G, Garami M, Birgisson H, Murray D, Walsh PM, Mazzoleni G, Vittadello F, Cuccaro F, Galasso R, Sampietro G, Rosso S, Gasparotto C, Maifredi G, Ferrante M, Torrisi A, Sutera Sardo A, Gambino ML, Lanzoni M, Ballotari P, Giacomazzi E, Ferretti S, Caldarella A, Manneschi G, Gatta G, Sant M, Baili P, Berrino F, Botta L, Trama A, Lillini R, Bernasconi A, Bonfarnuzzo S, Vener C, Didonè F, Lasalvia P, Del Monego G, Buratti L, Serraino D, Taborelli M, Capocaccia R, De Angelis R, Demuru E, Di Benedetto C, Rossi S, Santaquilani M, Venanzi S, Tallon M, Boni L, Iacovacci S, Russo AG, Gervasi F, Spagnoli G, Cavalieri d'Oro L, Fusco M, Vitale MF, Usala M, Vitale F, Michiara M, Chiranda G, Sacerdote C, Maule M, Cascone G, Spata E, Mangone L, Falcini F, Cavallo R, Piras D, Dinaro Y, Castaing M, Fanetti AC, Minerba S, Candela G, Scuderi T, Rizzello RV, Stracci F, Tagliabue G, Rugge M, Brustolin A, Pildava S, Smailyte G, Azzopardi M, Johannesen TB, Didkowska J, Wojciechowska U, Bielska-Lasota M, Pais A, Ferreira AM, Bento MJ, Miranda A, Safaei Diba C, Zadnik V, Zagar T, Sánchez-Contador Escudero C, Franch Sureda P, Lopez de Munain A, De-La-Cruz M, Rojas MD, Aleman A, Vizcaino A, Almela F, Marcos-Gragera R, Sanvisens A, Sanchez MJ, Chirlaque MD, Sanchez-Gil A, Guevara M, Ardanaz E, Cañete-Nieto A, Peris-Bonet R, Galceran J, Carulla M, Kuehni C, Redmond S, Visser O, Karim-Kos H, Stevens S, Stiller C, Gavin A, Morrison D, Huws DW. Long-term survival and cure fraction estimates for childhood cancer in Europe (EUROCARE-6): results from a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:1525-1536. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cardoso R, Guo F, Heisser T, De Schutter H, Van Damme N, Nilbert MC, Christensen J, Bouvier AM, Bouvier V, Launoy G, Woronoff AS, Cariou M, Robaszkiewicz M, Delafosse P, Poncet F, Walsh PM, Senore C, Rosso S, Lemmens VE, Elferink MA, Tomšič S, Žagar T, Marques ALDM, Marcos-Gragera R, Puigdemont M, Galceran J, Carulla M, Sánchez-Gil A, Chirlaque MD, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Overall and stage-specific survival of patients with screen-detected colorectal cancer in European countries: A population-based study in 9 countries. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022; 21:100458. [PMID: 35832063 PMCID: PMC9272368 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing proportion of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are detected through screening due to the availability of organised population-based programmes. We aimed to analyse survival probabilities of patients with screen-detected CRC in European countries. Methods Data from CRC patients were obtained from 16 population-based cancer registries in nine European countries. We included patients with cancer diagnosed from the year organised CRC screening programmes were introduced until the most recent year with available data at the time of analysis, whose ages at diagnosis fell into the age groups targeted by screening. Patients were followed up with regards to vital status until 2016-2020 across the various countries. Overall and CRC-specific survival were analysed by mode of detection and stage at diagnosis for all countries combined and for each country separately using the Kaplan-Meier method. Findings We included data from 228 134 patients, of whom 134 597 (aged 60-69 years at diagnosis targeted by screening in all countries) were considered in analyses for all countries combined. 22·3% (38 080/134 597) of patients had cancer detected through screening. Most screen-detected cancers were found at stages I-II (65·6% [12 772/19 469 included in stage-specific analyses]), while the majority of non-screen-detected cancers were found at stages III-IV (56·4% [31 882/56 543 included in stage-specific analyses]). Five-year overall and CRC-specific survival rates for patients with screen-detected cancer were 83·4% (95% CI 82·9-83·9) and 89·2% (88·8-89·7), respectively; for patients with non-screen-detected cancer, they were much lower (57·5% [57·2-57·8] and 65·7% [65·4-66·1], respectively). The favourable survival of patients with screen-detected cancer was also seen within each stage – five-year overall survival rates for patients with screen-detected stage I, II, III, and IV cancers were 92.4% (95% CI 91·6-93·1), 87·9% (86·6-89·1), 80·7% (79·3-82·0), and 32·3 (29·4-35·2), respectively. These patterns were also consistently seen for each individual country. Interpretation Patients with cancer diagnosed at screening have a very favourable prognosis. In the rare case of detection of advanced stage cancer, survival probabilities are still much higher than those commonly reported for all patients regardless of mode of detection. Although these results cannot be taken to quantify screening effects, they provide useful and encouraging information for patients with screen-detected CRC and their physicians. Funding This study was supported in part by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the German Cancer Aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heisser
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Mef Christina Nilbert
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne-Marie Bouvier
- Digestive cancer registry of Burgundy, University Hospital of Dijon, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Inserm, U1231 Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Bouvier
- Digestive Tumors Registry of Calvados, University Hospital of Caen, U1086 INSERM UCN - ANTICIPE, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), France
| | - Guy Launoy
- Normandie Univ, UniCaen, Inserm, Anticipe, 14000 Caen, France
- University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | | | - Mélanie Cariou
- Digestive Tumors Registry of Finistère, CHRU Morvan, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Brest, France
| | - Michel Robaszkiewicz
- Digestive Tumors Registry of Finistère, CHRU Morvan, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Brest, France
| | - Patricia Delafosse
- Cancer Registry of Isère, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Poncet
- Cancer Registry of Isère, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Grenoble, France
| | | | - Carlo Senore
- University Hospital ‘Città della Salute e della Scienza’, SSD Epidemiologia e screening – CPO, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Valery E.P.P. Lemmens
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marloes A.G. Elferink
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sonja Tomšič
- Slovenian Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Žagar
- Slovenian Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Rafael Marcos-Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Puigdemont
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain
| | - Jaume Galceran
- Tarragona Cancer Registry, Epidemiology and Prevention Cancer Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Marià Carulla
- Tarragona Cancer Registry, Epidemiology and Prevention Cancer Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Antonia Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Cardoso R, Guo F, Heisser T, De Schutter H, Van Damme N, Nilbert MC, Tybjerg AJ, Bouvier AM, Bouvier V, Launoy G, Woronoff AS, Cariou M, Robaszkiewicz M, Delafosse P, Poncet F, Walsh PM, Senore C, Rosso S, Lemmens VEPP, Elferink MAG, Tomšič S, Žagar T, Lopez de Munain Marques A, Marcos-Gragera R, Puigdemont M, Galceran J, Carulla M, Sánchez-Gil A, Chirlaque MD, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Proportion and stage distribution of screen-detected and non-screen-detected colorectal cancer in nine European countries: an international, population-based study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:711-723. [PMID: 35561739 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of recently implemented colorectal cancer screening programmes in Europe on colorectal cancer mortality will take several years to be fully known. We aimed to analyse the characteristics and parameters of screening programmes, proportions of colorectal cancers detected through screening, and stage distribution in screen-detected and non-screen-detected colorectal cancers to provide a timely assessment of the potential effects of screening programmes in several European countries. METHODS We conducted this population-based study in nine European countries for which data on mode of detection were available (Belgium, Denmark, England, France, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Slovenia, and Spain). Data from 16 population-based cancer registries were included. Patients were included if they were diagnosed with colorectal cancer from the year that organised colorectal cancer screening programmes were implemented in each country until the latest year with available data at the time of analysis, and if their age at diagnosis fell within the age groups targeted by the programmes. Data collected included sex, age at diagnosis, date of diagnosis, topography, morphology, clinical and pathological TNM information based on the edition in place at time of diagnosis, and mode of detection (ie, screen detected or non-screen detected). If stage information was not available, patients were not included in stage-specific analyses. The primary outcome was proportion and stage distribution of screen-detected versus non-screen detected colorectal cancers. FINDINGS 228 667 colorectal cancer cases were included in the analyses. Proportions of screen-detected cancers varied widely across countries and regions. The highest proportions (40-60%) were found in Slovenia and the Basque Country in Spain, where FIT-based programmes were fully rolled out, and participation rates were higher than 50%. A similar proportion of screen-detected cancers was also found for the Netherlands in 2015, where participation was over 70%, even though the programme had not yet been fully rolled out to all age groups. In most other countries and regions, proportions of screen-detected cancers were below 30%. Compared with non-screen-detected cancers, screen-detected cancers were much more often found in the distal colon (range 34·5-51·1% screen detected vs 26·4-35·7% non-screen detected) and less often in the proximal colon (19·5-29·9% screen detected vs 24·9-32·8% non-screen detected) p≤0·02 for each country, more often at stage I (35·7-52·7% screen detected vs 13·2-24·9% non-screen detected), and less often at stage IV (5·8-12·5% screen detected vs 22·5-31·9% non-screen detected) p<0·0001 for each country. INTERPRETATION The proportion of colorectal cancer cases detected by screening varied widely between countries. However, in all countries, screen-detected cancers had a more favourable stage distribution than cancers detected otherwise. There is still much need and scope for improving early detection of cancer across all segments of the colorectum, and particularly in the proximal colon and rectum. FUNDING Deutsche Krebshilfe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heisser
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Mef Christina Nilbert
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne-Marie Bouvier
- Digestive Cancer Registry of Burgundy, Dijon, France, INSERM U1231, University Hospital of Dijon, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Bouvier
- Digestive Tumors Registry of Calvados, University Hospital of Caen, U1086 INSERM UCN - ANTICIPE, FRANCIM, Caen, France
| | - Guy Launoy
- Normandie University, UniCaen, INSERM ANTICIPE, Caen, France; University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Woronoff
- Cancer Registry of Doubs, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Besançon (CHRU) Besançon, France
| | - Mélanie Cariou
- Digestive Tumors Registry of Finistère, CHRU Morvan, FRANCIM, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Rosso
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, University Hospital 'Città della Salute e della Scienza', Turin, Italy
| | - Valery E P P Lemmens
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marloes A G Elferink
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sonja Tomšič
- Slovenian Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Žagar
- Slovenian Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Rafael Marcos-Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain; Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Salt, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Puigdemont
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain; Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Salt, Spain
| | - Jaume Galceran
- Tarragona Cancer Registry, Epidemiology and Prevention Cancer Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Marià Carulla
- Tarragona Cancer Registry, Epidemiology and Prevention Cancer Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Antonia Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Arnold M, Morgan E, Bardot A, Rutherford MJ, Ferlay J, Little A, Møller B, Bucher O, De P, Woods RR, Saint-Jacques N, Gavin AT, Engholm G, Achiam MP, Porter G, Walsh PM, Vernon S, Kozie S, Ramanakumar AV, Lynch C, Harrison S, Merrett N, O'Connell DL, Mala T, Elwood M, Zalcberg J, Huws DW, Ransom D, Bray F, Soerjomataram I. International variation in oesophageal and gastric cancer survival 2012-2014: differences by histological subtype and stage at diagnosis (an ICBP SURVMARK-2 population-based study). Gut 2022; 71:1532-1543. [PMID: 34824149 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide the first international comparison of oesophageal and gastric cancer survival by stage at diagnosis and histological subtype across high-income countries with similar access to healthcare. METHODS As part of the ICBP SURVMARK-2 project, data from 28 923 patients with oesophageal cancer and 25 946 patients with gastric cancer diagnosed during 2012-2014 from 14 cancer registries in seven countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the UK) were included. 1-year and 3-year age-standardised net survival were estimated by stage at diagnosis, histological subtype (oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)) and country. RESULTS Oesophageal cancer survival was highest in Ireland and lowest in Canada at 1 (50.3% vs 41.3%, respectively) and 3 years (27.0% vs 19.2%) postdiagnosis. Survival from gastric cancer was highest in Australia and lowest in the UK, for both 1-year (55.2% vs 44.8%, respectively) and 3-year survival (33.7% vs 22.3%). Most patients with oesophageal and gastric cancer had regional or distant disease, with proportions ranging between 56% and 90% across countries. Stage-specific analyses showed that variation between countries was greatest for localised disease, where survival ranged between 66.6% in Australia and 83.2% in the UK for oesophageal cancer and between 75.5% in Australia and 94.3% in New Zealand for gastric cancer at 1-year postdiagnosis. While survival for OAC was generally higher than that for OSCC, disparities across countries were similar for both histological subtypes. CONCLUSION Survival from oesophageal and gastric cancer varies across high-income countries including within stage groups, particularly for localised disease. Disparities can partly be explained by earlier diagnosis resulting in more favourable stage distributions, and distributions of histological subtypes of oesophageal cancer across countries. Yet, differences in treatment, and also in cancer registration practice and the use of different staging methods and systems, across countries may have impacted the comparisons. While primary prevention remains key, advancements in early detection research are promising and will likely allow for additional risk stratification and survival improvements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Arnold
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eileen Morgan
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Aude Bardot
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alana Little
- Cancer Institute New South Wales, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Registry & Analytics, Nova Scotia Health Authority Cancer Care Program, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anna T Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gerda Engholm
- Cancer Prevention & Documentation, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael P Achiam
- Danish EsophagoGastric Cancer group, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geoff Porter
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Serena Kozie
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Charlotte Lynch
- International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP), Policy & Information, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Samantha Harrison
- International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP), Policy & Information, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Neil Merrett
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital and School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne L O'Connell
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tom Mala
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark Elwood
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Zalcberg
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dyfed W Huws
- Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
- Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - David Ransom
- WA Cancer and Palliative Care Network Policy Unit, Health Networks Branch, Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Andersson TML, Rutherford MJ, Myklebust TÅ, Møller B, Arnold M, Soerjomataram I, Bray F, Elkader HA, Engholm G, Huws D, Little A, Shack L, Walsh PM, Woods RR, Parkin DM, Lambert PC. A way to explore the existence of "immortals" in cancer registry data - An illustration using data from ICBP SURVMARK-2. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 76:102085. [PMID: 34954495 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurately recorded vital status of individuals is essential when estimating cancer patient survival. When deaths are ascertained by linkage with vital statistics registers, some may be missed, and such individuals will wrongly appear to be long-term survivors, and survival will be overestimated. Interval-specific relative survival that levels off above one indicates that the survival among the cancer patients is better than expected, which could be due to the presence of immortals. METHODS We included colon cancer cases diagnosed in 1995-1999 within the 19 jurisdictions in seven countries participating in ICBP SURVMARK-2, with follow-up information available until end-2015. Interval-specific relative survival was estimated for each year following diagnosis, by country and age group at diagnosis. RESULTS The interval-specific relative survival levels off at 1 for all countries and age groups, with two exceptions: for the age group diagnosed at age 75 years and above in Ireland, and, to a lesser extent, in New Zealand. CONCLUSION Overall, a subset of immortals are not apparent in the early years within the ICBP SURVMARK-2 study, except for possibly in Ireland. We suggest this approach as one strategy of exploring the existence of immortals, and to be part of routine checks of cancer registry data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese M-L Andersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Bjørn Møller
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melina Arnold
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Gerda Engholm
- Cancer Surveillance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dyfed Huws
- Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit, Knowledge Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Alana Little
- Cancer Information and Analysis, Cancer Institute NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Preventative Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Ryan R Woods
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Maxwell Parkin
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; INCTR Challenge Fund, Prama House, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Lambert
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Molcho M, Thomas AA, Walsh PM, Skinner R, Sharp L. Social inequalities in treatment receipt for childhood cancers in Ireland: A population-based analysis. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:941-951. [PMID: 34706069 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Treatment advances over the past five decades have resulted in significant improvements in survival from childhood cancer. Although survival rates are relatively high, social disparities in outcomes have been sometimes observed. In a population-based study, we investigated social inequalities by sex and deprivation in treatment receipt in childhood cancer in Ireland. Cancers incident in people aged 0 to 19 during 1994 to 2012 and treatments received were abstracted from the National Cancer Registry Ireland. Multivariable modified Poisson regression with robust error variance (adjusting for age, and year) was used to assess associations between sex and deprivation category of area of residence at diagnosis and receipt of cancer-directed surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Three thousand seven hundred and four childhood cancers were included. Girls were significantly less likely than boys to receive radiotherapy for leukemia overall (relative risk [RR] = 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50-0.98), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia specifically (RR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.36-0.79), and surgery for central nervous system (CNS) overall (RR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.74-0.93) and other CNS (RR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.60-0.96). Girls were slightly less likely to receive chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and surgery for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), but these results were not statistically significant. Children residing in more deprived areas were significantly less likely to receive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia or surgery for lymphoma overall and HL, but more likely to receive chemotherapy for medulloblastoma. These results may suggest social inequalities in treatment receipt for childhood cancers. Further research is warranted to explore whether similar patterns are evident in other childhood cancer populations and to better understand the reasons for the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey A Thomas
- School of Education, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Division of Undergraduate Education, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Roderick Skinner
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology/Oncology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Linda Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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10
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Sacchetto L, Rosso S, Comber H, Bouchardy C, Broganelli P, Galceran J, Hackl M, Katalinic A, Louwman M, Robsahm TE, Tryggvadottir L, Tumino R, Van Eycken E, Walsh PM, Zadnik V, Zanetti R. Skin melanoma deaths within 1 or 3 years from diagnosis in Europe. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2898-2905. [PMID: 33497469 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The steep increase in incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in white populations mainly applies to thin lesions with good survival suggesting overdiagnosis. Based on population-based cancer registries (CRs), we have investigated changes in aggressive melanoma, selecting only cases who died within 1 or 3 years after diagnosis in 11 European countries between 1995 and 2012. Trends in fatal cases were analysed by period of diagnosis, sex, tumour thickness, histologic subtype of the lesion, tumour site and CR with a multivariate generalised linear mixed effects model, where geographical area was considered as a random effect. We collected data on 123 360 invasive melanomas, with 5133 fatal cases at 1 year (4%) and 12 330 (10%) at 3 years. The number of fatal cases showed a 16% decrease at 1 year and 8% at 3 years between the first (1995-2000) and the last (2007-2012) period. The highest proportion of fatal cases was seen for men, older age (≥65 years), thick lesions (>1 mm), nodular melanoma, melanoma on the trunk and for poorly documented cases, lacking information about thickness and histologic subtype. The mixed-effects model showed a remarkable variability among European countries. The majority of registries showed a decreasing trend in fatal cases, but a few registries showed an opposite pattern. Trends in fatal melanoma cases, highlighting real changes in risk not related to overdiagnosis, showed a decrease in most European countries, with a few exceptions. Stronger efforts for early detection could lead to a more efficient treatment of melanoma in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Sacchetto
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, Turin, Italy
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Mathematics, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Broganelli
- A.O.U, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Jaume Galceran
- Servei d'Epidemiologia i Prevenció del Càncer, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, ISSPV, Tarragona Cancer Registry, Reus, Spain
| | - Monika Hackl
- Austrian National Cancer Registry, Wien, Austria
| | - Alexander Katalinic
- Institute for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marieke Louwman
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trude E Robsahm
- Department of Research, The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, BMC, Laeknagardur, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP), Ragusa, Italy
| | | | | | - Vesna Zadnik
- Cancer Registry of Republic of Slovenia, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Prior L, O'Dwyer R, Farooq AR, Greally M, Ward C, O'Leary C, Aslam R, Darwish W, Ahmed N, Othman EC, Watson G, Kelly D, Gleeson J, Kiely L, Hassan A, Walsh EM, O'Reilly D, Jones A, Featherstone H, Lim M, Murray H, Hennessy BT, Smyth LM, Leonard G, Grogan L, Breathnach O, Calvert P, Horgan AM, Coate L, Jordan EJ, O'Mahony D, Gupta R, Keane MM, Westrup J, Duffy K, O'Connor M, Morris PG, Kennedy MJ, O'Reilly S, McCaffrey J, Kelly CM, Carney D, Gullo G, Crown J, Higgins MJ, Walsh PM, Walshe JM. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: evaluating maternal and foetal outcomes. A national study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:269-283. [PMID: 34125341 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is defined as breast cancer diagnosed during the gestational period (gp-PABC) or in the first postpartum year (pp-PABC). Despite its infrequent occurrence, the incidence of PABC appears to be rising due to the increasing propensity for women to delay childbirth. We have established the first retrospective registry study of PABC in Ireland to examine specific clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and maternal and foetal outcomes. METHODS This was a national, multi-site, retrospective observational study, including PABC patients treated in 12 oncology institutions from August 2001 to January 2020. Data extracted included information on patient demographics, tumour biology, staging, treatments, and maternal/foetal outcomes. Survival data for an age-matched breast cancer population over a similar time period was obtained from the National Cancer Registry of Ireland (NCRI). Standard biostatistical methods were used for analyses. RESULTS We identified 155 patients-71 (46%) were gp-PABC and 84 (54%) were pp-PABC. The median age was 36 years. Forty-four patients (28%) presented with Stage III disease and 25 (16%) had metastatic disease at diagnosis. High rates of triple-negative (25%) and HER2+ (30%) breast cancer were observed. We observed an inferior 5-year overall survival (OS) rate in our PABC cohort compared to an age-matched breast cancer population in both Stage I-III (77.6% vs 90.9%) and Stage IV disease (18% vs 38.3%). There was a low rate (3%) of foetal complications. CONCLUSION PABC patients may have poorer survival outcomes. Further prospective data are needed to optimise management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Prior
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Dwyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Megan Greally
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cian Ward
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Connor O'Leary
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Razia Aslam
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Waseem Darwish
- Department of Medical Oncology, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Nada Ahmed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elly Che Othman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geoffrey Watson
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jack Gleeson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Kiely
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anees Hassan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elaine M Walsh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - David O'Reilly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alfred Jones
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah Featherstone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marvin Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hazel Murray
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lillian M Smyth
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gregory Leonard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Grogan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oscar Breathnach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula Calvert
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Anne M Horgan
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Linda Coate
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Emmet J Jordan
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Deirdre O'Mahony
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rajnish Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maccon M Keane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Westrup
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen Duffy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Miriam O'Connor
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M John Kennedy
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus O'Reilly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - John McCaffrey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond Carney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela J Higgins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Janice M Walshe
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Cardoso R, Guo F, Heisser T, Hackl M, Ihle P, De Schutter H, Van Damme N, Valerianova Z, Atanasov T, Májek O, Mužík J, Nilbert MC, Tybjerg AJ, Innos K, Mägi M, Malila N, Bouvier AM, Bouvier V, Launoy G, Woronoff AS, Cariou M, Robaszkiewicz M, Delafosse P, Poncet F, Katalinic A, Walsh PM, Senore C, Rosso S, Vincerževskienė I, Lemmens VEPP, Elferink MAG, Johannesen TB, Kørner H, Pfeffer F, Bento MJ, Rodrigues J, Alves da Costa F, Miranda A, Zadnik V, Žagar T, Lopez de Munain Marques A, Marcos-Gragera R, Puigdemont M, Galceran J, Carulla M, Chirlaque MD, Ballesta M, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Weber M, Jordan A, Herrmann C, Mousavi M, Ryzhov A, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, and stage distribution in European countries in the colorectal cancer screening era: an international population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:1002-1013. [PMID: 34048685 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer screening programmes and uptake vary substantially across Europe. We aimed to compare changes over time in colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, and stage distribution in relation to colorectal cancer screening implementation in European countries. METHODS Data from nearly 3·1 million patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed from 2000 onwards (up to 2016 for most countries) were obtained from 21 European countries, and were used to analyse changes over time in age-standardised colorectal cancer incidence and stage distribution. The WHO mortality database was used to analyse changes over time in age-standardised colorectal cancer mortality over the same period for the 16 countries with nationwide data. Incidence rates were calculated for all sites of the colon and rectum combined, as well as the subsites proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in incidence and mortality were estimated and relevant patterns were descriptively analysed. FINDINGS In countries with long-standing programmes of screening colonoscopy and faecal tests (ie, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Germany), colorectal cancer incidence decreased substantially over time, with AAPCs ranging from -2·5% (95% CI -2·8 to -2·2) to -1·6% (-2·0 to -1·2) in men and from -2·4% (-2·7 to -2·1) to -1·3% (-1·7 to -0·9) in women. In countries where screening programmes were implemented during the study period, age-standardised colorectal cancer incidence either remained stable or increased up to the year screening was implemented. AAPCs for these countries ranged from -0·2% (95% CI -1·4 to 1·0) to 1·5% (1·1 to 1·8) in men and from -0·5% (-1·7 to 0·6) to 1·2% (0·8 to 1·5) in women. Where high screening coverage and uptake were rapidly achieved (ie, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Slovenia), age-standardised incidence rates initially increased but then subsequently decreased. Conversely, colorectal cancer incidence increased in most countries where no large-scale screening programmes were available (eg, Bulgaria, Estonia, Norway, and Ukraine), with AAPCs ranging from 0·3% (95% CI 0·1 to 0·5) to 1·9% (1·2 to 2·6) in men and from 0·6% (0·4 to 0·8) to 1·1% (0·8 to 1·4) in women. The largest decreases in colorectal cancer mortality were seen in countries with long-standing screening programmes. INTERPRETATION We observed divergent trends in colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, and stage distribution across European countries, which appear to be largely explained by different levels of colorectal cancer screening implementation. FUNDING German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feng Guo
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heisser
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Hackl
- Austrian National Cancer Registry, Statistics Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Ihle
- Austrian National Cancer Registry, Statistics Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Zdravka Valerianova
- Bulgarian National Cancer Registry, University Hospital of Oncology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Trajan Atanasov
- Bulgarian National Cancer Registry, University Hospital of Oncology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ondřej Májek
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mužík
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mef Christina Nilbert
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kaire Innos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Margit Mägi
- Estonian Cancer Registry, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Nea Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne-Marie Bouvier
- Digestive Cancer Registry of Burgundy, University Hospital of Dijon, INSERM U1231, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Bouvier
- Digestive Tumors Registry of Calvados, University Hospital of Caen, U1086 INSERM UCN-ANTICIPE, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Caen, France
| | - Guy Launoy
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer, Normandy University, University of Caen Normandy, INSERM-ANTICIPE, Caen, France; Department of Research, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Woronoff
- Cancer Registry of Doubs, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Mélanie Cariou
- Digestive Tumors Registry of Finistère, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Morvan, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Brest, France
| | - Michel Robaszkiewicz
- Digestive Tumors Registry of Finistère, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Morvan, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Brest, France
| | - Patricia Delafosse
- Cancer Registry of Isère, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Poncet
- Cancer Registry of Isère, French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Carlo Senore
- University Hospital 'Città della Salute e della Scienza', SSD Epidemiologia Screening-CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Valery E P P Lemmens
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marloes A G Elferink
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hartwig Kørner
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Pfeffer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria José Bento
- Department of Epidemiology, North Region Cancer Registry of Portugal, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPO Porto Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Population Studies, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jessica Rodrigues
- Department of Epidemiology, North Region Cancer Registry of Portugal, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPO Porto Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Alves da Costa
- Portuguese National Cancer Registry, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Miranda
- Portuguese National Cancer Registry, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vesna Zadnik
- Slovenian Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Žagar
- Slovenian Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Rafael Marcos-Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain; Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Salt, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Puigdemont
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain; Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Salt, Spain
| | - Jaume Galceran
- Tarragona Cancer Registry, Epidemiology and Prevention Cancer Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Reus, Spain
| | - Marià Carulla
- Tarragona Cancer Registry, Epidemiology and Prevention Cancer Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Reus, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain; Tarragona Cancer Registry, Epidemiology and Prevention Cancer Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Reus, Spain
| | - Monica Ballesta
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education, Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education, Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Marco Weber
- Cancer Registry Bern-Solothurn, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Herrmann
- Cancer Registry of Eastern Switzerland and Liechtenstein, St Gallen, Switzerland; Graubünden and Glarus Cancer Registry, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Mohsen Mousavi
- Cancer Registry of Eastern Switzerland and Liechtenstein, St Gallen, Switzerland; Graubünden and Glarus Cancer Registry, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Anton Ryzhov
- National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, National Institute of Cancer, Kyiv, Ukraine; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Andersson TML, Myklebust TÅ, Rutherford MJ, Møller B, Soerjomataram I, Arnold M, Bray F, Parkin DM, Sasieni P, Bucher O, De P, Engholm G, Gavin A, Little A, Porter G, Ramanakumar AV, Saint-Jacques N, Walsh PM, Woods RR, Lambert PC. The impact of excluding or including Death Certificate Initiated (DCI) cases on estimated cancer survival: A simulation study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 71:101881. [PMID: 33440295 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based cancer registries strive to cover all cancer cases diagnosed within the population, but some cases will always be missed and no register is 100 % complete. Many cancer registries use death certificates to identify additional cases not captured through other routine sources, to hopefully add a large proportion of the missed cases. Cases notified through this route, who would not have been captured without death certificate information, are referred to as Death Certificate Initiated (DCI) cases. Inclusion of DCI cases in cancer registries increases completeness and is important for estimating cancer incidence. However, inclusion of DCI cases will generally lead to biased estimates of cancer survival, but the same is often also true if excluding DCI cases. Missed cases are probably not a random sample of all cancer cases, but rather cases with poor prognosis. Further, DCI cases have poorer prognosis than missed cases in general, since they have all died with cancer mentioned on the death certificates. METHODS We performed a simulation study to estimate the impact of including or excluding DCI cases on cancer survival estimates, under different scenarios. RESULTS We demonstrated that including DCI cases underestimates survival. The exclusion of DCI cases gives unbiased survival estimates if missed cases are a random sample of all cancer cases, while survival is overestimated if these have poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION In our most extreme scenarios, with 25 % of cases initially missed, the usual practice of including DCI cases underestimated 5-year survival by at most 3 percentage points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese M-L Andersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Bjørn Møller
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - D Max Parkin
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sasieni
- King's College London, Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Bucher
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Prithwish De
- Analytics and Informatics, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerda Engholm
- Surveillance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Alana Little
- Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff Porter
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program, Registry & Analytics, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Ryan R Woods
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul C Lambert
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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14
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Pilleron S, Charvat H, Araghi M, Arnold M, Fidler-Benaoudia MM, Bardot A, Grønlie Guren M, Tervonen H, Little A, O'Connell DL, Gavin A, De P, Aagard Thomsen L, Møller B, Jackson C, Bucher O, Walsh PM, Vernon S, Bray F, Soerjomataram I. Age disparities in stage-specific colon cancer survival across seven countries: An International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership SURVMARK-2 population-based study. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:1575-1585. [PMID: 33006395 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We sought to understand the role of stage at diagnosis in observed age disparities in colon cancer survival among people aged 50 to 99 years using population-based cancer registry data from seven high-income countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom. We used colon cancer incidence data for the period 2010 to 2014. We estimated the 3-year net survival, as well as the 3-year net survival conditional on surviving at least 6 months and 1 year after diagnosis, by country and stage at diagnosis (categorised as localised, regional or distant) using flexible parametric excess hazard regression models. In all countries, increasing age was associated with lower net survival. For example, 3-year net survival (95% confidence interval) was 81% (80-82) for 50 to 64 year olds and 58% (56-60) for 85 to 99 year olds in Australia, and 74% (73-74) and 39% (39-40) in the United Kingdom, respectively. Those with distant stage colon cancer had the largest difference in colon cancer survival between the youngest and the oldest patients. Excess mortality for the oldest patients with localised or regional cancers was observed during the first 6 months after diagnosis. Older patients diagnosed with localised (and in some countries regional) stage colon cancer who survived 6 months after diagnosis experienced the same survival as their younger counterparts. Further studies examining other prognostic clinical factors such as comorbidities and treatment, and socioeconomic factors are warranted to gain further understanding of the age disparities in colon cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Pilleron
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marzieh Araghi
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Aude Bardot
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marianne Grønlie Guren
- Department of Oncology and K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Tervonen
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alana Little
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bjørn Møller
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Department of Registration, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Oliver Bucher
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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15
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Andersson TML, Rutherford MJ, Myklebust TÅ, Møller B, Soerjomataram I, Arnold M, Bray F, Parkin DM, Sasieni P, Bucher O, De P, Engholm G, Gavin A, Little A, Porter G, Ramanakumar AV, Saint-Jacques N, Walsh PM, Woods RR, Lambert PC. Exploring the impact of cancer registry completeness on international cancer survival differences: a simulation study. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1026-1032. [PMID: 33293692 PMCID: PMC7921088 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from population-based cancer registries are often used to compare cancer survival between countries or regions. The ICBP SURVMARK-2 study is an international partnership aiming to quantify and explore the reasons behind survival differences across high-income countries. However, the magnitude and relevance of differences in cancer survival between countries have been questioned, as it is argued that observed survival variations may be explained, at least in part, by differences in cancer registration practice, completeness and the availability and quality of the respective data sources. METHODS As part of the ICBP SURVMARK-2 study, we used a simulation approach to better understand how differences in completeness, the characteristics of those missed and inclusion of cases found from death certificates can impact on cancer survival estimates. RESULTS Bias in 1- and 5-year net survival estimates for 216 simulated scenarios is presented. Out of the investigated factors, the proportion of cases not registered through sources other than death certificates, had the largest impact on survival estimates. CONCLUSION Our results show that the differences in registration practice between participating countries could in our most extreme scenarios explain only a part of the largest observed differences in cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese M-L Andersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Bjørn Møller
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - D Max Parkin
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Sasieni
- King's College London, Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - Oliver Bucher
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Prithwish De
- Analytics and Informatics, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gerda Engholm
- Surveillance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alana Little
- Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff Porter
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Nova Scotia Health Authority Cancer Care Program, Registry & Analytics, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul M Walsh
- National Cancer Registry, Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ryan R Woods
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul C Lambert
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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16
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Morgan E, Soerjomataram I, Gavin AT, Rutherford MJ, Gatenby P, Bardot A, Ferlay J, Bucher O, De P, Engholm G, Jackson C, Kozie S, Little A, Møller B, Shack L, Tervonen H, Thursfield V, Vernon S, Walsh PM, Woods RR, Finley C, Merrett N, O'Connell DL, Reynolds JV, Bray F, Arnold M. International trends in oesophageal cancer survival by histological subtype between 1995 and 2014. Gut 2021; 70:234-242. [PMID: 32554620 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survival from oesophageal cancer remains poor, even across high-income countries. Ongoing changes in the epidemiology of the disease highlight the need for survival assessments by its two main histological subtypes, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS The ICBP SURVMARK-2 project, a platform for international comparisons of cancer survival, collected cases of oesophageal cancer diagnosed 1995 to 2014, followed until 31st December 2015, from cancer registries covering seven participating countries with similar access to healthcare (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the UK). 1-year and 3-year age-standardised net survival alongside incidence rates were calculated by country, subtype, sex, age group and period of diagnosis. RESULTS 111 894 cases of AC and 73 408 cases of SCC were included in the analysis. Marked improvements in survival were observed over the 20-year period in each country, particularly for AC, younger age groups and 1 year after diagnosis. Survival was consistently higher for both subtypes in Australia and Ireland followed by Norway, Denmark, New Zealand, the UK and Canada. During 2010 to 2014, survival was higher for AC compared with SCC, with 1-year survival ranging from 46.9% (Canada) to 54.4% (Ireland) for AC and 39.6% (Denmark) to 53.1% (Australia) for SCC. CONCLUSION Marked improvements in both oesophageal AC and SCC survival suggest advances in treatment. Less marked improvements 3 years after diagnosis, among older age groups and patients with SCC, highlight the need for further advances in early detection and treatment of oesophageal cancer alongside primary prevention to reduce the overall burden from the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Morgan
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Anna T Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Piers Gatenby
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Aude Bardot
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Oliver Bucher
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerda Engholm
- Cancer Surveillance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Cancer Society of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Serena Kozie
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alana Little
- Cancer Information and Analysis, Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bjorn Møller
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hanna Tervonen
- Cancer Information and Analysis, Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vicky Thursfield
- Victorian Cancer Registry, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Vernon
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ryan R Woods
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian Finley
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Merrett
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne L O'Connell
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John V Reynolds
- National Centre for Oesophageal Cancer, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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17
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Araghi M, Arnold M, Rutherford MJ, Guren MG, Cabasag CJ, Bardot A, Ferlay J, Tervonen H, Shack L, Woods RR, Saint-Jacques N, De P, McClure C, Engholm G, Gavin AT, Morgan E, Walsh PM, Jackson C, Porter G, Møller B, Bucher O, Eden M, O'Connell DL, Bray F, Soerjomataram I. Colon and rectal cancer survival in seven high-income countries 2010-2014: variation by age and stage at diagnosis (the ICBP SURVMARK-2 project). Gut 2021; 70:114-126. [PMID: 32482683 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As part of the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) SURVMARK-2 project, we provide the most recent estimates of colon and rectal cancer survival in seven high-income countries by age and stage at diagnosis. METHODS Data from 386 870 patients diagnosed during 2010-2014 from 19 cancer registries in seven countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the UK) were analysed. 1-year and 5-year net survival from colon and rectal cancer were estimated by stage at diagnosis, age and country, RESULTS: (One1-year) and 5-year net survival varied between (77.1% and 87.5%) 59.1% and 70.9% and (84.8% and 90.0%) 61.6% and 70.9% for colon and rectal cancer, respectively. Survival was consistently higher in Australia, Canada and Norway, with smaller proportions of patients with metastatic disease in Canada and Australia. International differences in (1-year) and 5-year survival were most pronounced for regional and distant colon cancer ranging between (86.0% and 94.1%) 62.5% and 77.5% and (40.7% and 56.4%) 8.0% and 17.3%, respectively. Similar patterns were observed for rectal cancer. Stage distribution of colon and rectal cancers by age varied across countries with marked survival differences for patients with metastatic disease and diagnosed at older ages (irrespective of stage). CONCLUSIONS Survival disparities for colon and rectal cancer across high-income countries are likely explained by earlier diagnosis in some countries and differences in treatment for regional and distant disease, as well as older age at diagnosis. Differences in cancer registration practice and different staging systems across countries may have impacted the comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Araghi
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Marianne Grønlie Guren
- Department of Oncology and K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Citadel J Cabasag
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Aude Bardot
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hanna Tervonen
- Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan R Woods
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Registry & Analytics, Nova Scotia Health Authority Cancer Care Program, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol McClure
- PEI Cancer Registry, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Gerda Engholm
- Cancer Prevention & Documentation, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna T Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Eileen Morgan
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Geoff Porter
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bjorn Møller
- Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliver Bucher
- Population Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael Eden
- National Cancer Registry and Analysis Service, London, UK
| | - Dianne L O'Connell
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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18
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Alken S, Owens C, Gilham C, Grant C, Pears J, Deady S, O'Marcaigh A, Capra M, O'Mahony D, Smith O, Walsh PM. Survival of childhood and adolescent/young adult (AYA) cancer patients in Ireland during 1994-2013: comparisons by age. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 189:1223-1236. [PMID: 32424602 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies indicate that survival of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer may be inferior to that of younger children with similar cancers, possibly related (in part) to differences in access to centralized or standardized treatment. AIMS This study aims to evaluate differences in survival for AYA patients when compared with paediatric patients treated in Ireland over a 20-year time period. METHODS This study compares relative survival for patients diagnosed in Ireland at ages 0-15 (paediatric group) and 16-24 (AYA group) during 1994-2013, followed to the end of 2014, for cancers defined by the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC) (Third Edition) group or subgroup. Five-year relative survival estimates, and excess hazard ratios (EHR) comparing excess mortality associated with a cancer diagnosis among AYA with that in the paediatric group, are presented. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. RESULTS Significantly higher excess mortality was found for AYA with leukaemias, lymphomas, astrocytomas, malignant bone tumours, and Ewing and related bone sarcomas, soft tissue sarcomas and 'other/unspecified' epithelial cancers, rhabdomyosarcomas, and 'other and unspecified' carcinomas. In contrast, lower excess mortality was found in the AYA group for all cancers and intracranial/intraspinal tumours, and for gliomas other than astrocytomas or ependymomas. Comparing 1994-2003 and 2004-2013 cohorts, age-related survival differences narrowed for lymphoid leukaemias, but widened for all cancers combined and intracranial/intraspinal tumours combined. Centralization of services varied depending upon cancer subtype, with leukaemias, CNS tumours and bone sarcomas most centralized. Within these, improvements in survival for leukaemias and CNS tumours have been seen for the AYA population. CONCLUSIONS Reasons for age-related survival differences, and differences in time-trend by age group, are not clear. The significant narrowing of survival differences by age in more recent years for lymphoid leukaemias reflects a more marked recent increase in survival among AYA. More work is required to explain and improve other age-related survival differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scheryll Alken
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
- Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cormac Owens
- Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Charles Gilham
- St Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Rathgar, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jane Pears
- Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Owen Smith
- Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Arnold M, Rutherford MJ, Bardot A, Ferlay J, Andersson TML, Myklebust TÅ, Tervonen H, Thursfield V, Ransom D, Shack L, Woods RR, Turner D, Leonfellner S, Ryan S, Saint-Jacques N, De P, McClure C, Ramanakumar AV, Stuart-Panko H, Engholm G, Walsh PM, Jackson C, Vernon S, Morgan E, Gavin A, Morrison DS, Huws DW, Porter G, Butler J, Bryant H, Currow DC, Hiom S, Parkin DM, Sasieni P, Lambert PC, Møller B, Soerjomataram I, Bray F. Progress in cancer survival, mortality, and incidence in seven high-income countries 1995-2014 (ICBP SURVMARK-2): a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:1493-1505. [PMID: 31521509 PMCID: PMC6838671 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based cancer survival estimates provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of cancer services and can reflect the prospects of cure. As part of the second phase of the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP), the Cancer Survival in High-Income Countries (SURVMARK-2) project aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cancer survival across seven high-income countries and a comparative assessment of corresponding incidence and mortality trends. METHODS In this longitudinal, population-based study, we collected patient-level data on 3·9 million patients with cancer from population-based cancer registries in 21 jurisdictions in seven countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK) for seven sites of cancer (oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, and ovary) diagnosed between 1995 and 2014, and followed up until Dec 31, 2015. We calculated age-standardised net survival at 1 year and 5 years after diagnosis by site, age group, and period of diagnosis. We mapped changes in incidence and mortality to changes in survival to assess progress in cancer control. FINDINGS In 19 eligible jurisdictions, 3 764 543 cases of cancer were eligible for inclusion in the study. In the 19 included jurisdictions, over 1995-2014, 1-year and 5-year net survival increased in each country across almost all cancer types, with, for example, 5-year rectal cancer survival increasing more than 13 percentage points in Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. For 2010-14, survival was generally higher in Australia, Canada, and Norway than in New Zealand, Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. Over the study period, larger survival improvements were observed for patients younger than 75 years at diagnosis than those aged 75 years and older, and notably for cancers with a poor prognosis (ie, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, and lung). Progress in cancer control (ie, increased survival, decreased mortality and incidence) over the study period was evident for stomach, colon, lung (in males), and ovarian cancer. INTERPRETATION The joint evaluation of trends in incidence, mortality, and survival indicated progress in four of the seven studied cancers. Cancer survival continues to increase across high-income countries; however, international disparities persist. While truly valid comparisons require differences in registration practice, classification, and coding to be minimal, stage of disease at diagnosis, timely access to effective treatment, and the extent of comorbidity are likely the main determinants of patient outcomes. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of these factors to further our understanding of international disparities in cancer survival. FUNDING Canadian Partnership Against Cancer; Cancer Council Victoria; Cancer Institute New South Wales; Cancer Research UK; Danish Cancer Society; National Cancer Registry Ireland; The Cancer Society of New Zealand; National Health Service England; Norwegian Cancer Society; Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, on behalf of the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry; The Scottish Government; Western Australia Department of Health; and Wales Cancer Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Arnold
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France; Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aude Bardot
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Therese M-L Andersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | | | - Vicky Thursfield
- Victorian Cancer Registry, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ransom
- WA Cancer and Palliative Care Network Policy Unit, Health Networks Branch, Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Donna Turner
- Population Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Susan Ryan
- Newfoundland Cancer Registry, Cancer Care Program - Eastern Health, Dr H Bliss Murphy Cancer Centre, St John's, Newfoundland, NL, Canada
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Nova Scotia Health Authority Cancer Care Program, Registry & Analytics, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol McClure
- Prince Edward Island Cancer Registry, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sally Vernon
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eileen Morgan
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - David S Morrison
- Scottish Cancer Registry, Information Services Division, National Health Services Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dyfed W Huws
- Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Geoff Porter
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Heather Bryant
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - D Max Parkin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Sasieni
- King's College London, Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - Paul C Lambert
- Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bjørn Møller
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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20
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Araghi M, Soerjomataram I, Bardot A, Ferlay J, Cabasag CJ, Morrison DS, De P, Tervonen H, Walsh PM, Bucher O, Engholm G, Jackson C, McClure C, Woods RR, Saint-Jacques N, Morgan E, Ransom D, Thursfield V, Møller B, Leonfellner S, Guren MG, Bray F, Arnold M. Changes in colorectal cancer incidence in seven high-income countries: a population-based study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:511-518. [PMID: 31105047 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall incidence of colorectal cancer is decreasing in many high-income countries, yet analyses in the USA and other high-income countries such as Australia, Canada, and Norway have suggested increasing incidences among adults younger than 50 years. We aimed to examine longitudinal and generational changes in the incidence of colon and rectal cancer in seven high-income countries. METHODS We obtained data for the incidence of colon and rectal cancer from 21 population-based cancer registries in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, New Zealand, Ireland, and the UK for the earliest available year until 2014. We used age-period-cohort modelling to assess trends in incidence by age group, period, and birth cohort. We stratified cases by tumour subsite according to the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases. Age-standardised incidences were calculated on the basis of the world standard population. FINDINGS An overall decline or stabilisation in the incidence of colon and rectal cancer was noted in all studied countries. In the most recent 10-year period for which data were available, however, significant increases were noted in the incidence of colon cancer in people younger than 50 years in Denmark (by 3·1%), New Zealand (2·9%), Australia (2·9%), and the UK (1·8%). Significant increases in the incidence of rectal cancer were also noted in this age group in Canada (by 3·4%), Australia (2·6%), and the UK (1·4%). Contemporaneously, in people aged 50-74 years, the incidence of colon cancer decreased significantly in Australia (by 1·6%), Canada (1·9%), and New Zealand (3·4%) and of rectal cancer in Australia (2·4%), Canada (1·2%), and the UK (1·2%). Increases in the incidence of colorectal cancer in people younger than 50 years were mainly driven by increases in distal (left) tumours of the colon. In all countries, we noted non-linear cohort effects, which were more pronounced for rectal than for colon cancer. INTERPRETATION We noted a substantial increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in people younger than 50 years in some of the countries in this study. Future studies are needed to establish the root causes of this rising incidence to enable the development of potential preventive and early-detection strategies. FUNDING Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Institute New South Wales, Cancer Research UK, Danish Cancer Society, National Cancer Registry Ireland, the Cancer Society of New Zealand, NHS England, Norwegian Cancer Society, Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, Scottish Government, Western Australia Department of Health, and Wales Cancer Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Araghi
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Aude Bardot
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Citadel J Cabasag
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David S Morrison
- Scottish Cancer Registry, Information Services Division, National Health Service National Services Scotland, South Gyle, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Prithwish De
- Analytics and Informatics, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hanna Tervonen
- Cancer Institute New South Wales, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Oliver Bucher
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Cancercare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Carol McClure
- Prince Edward Island Cancer Registry, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | | | - Eileen Morgan
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - David Ransom
- Western Australia Cancer and Palliative Care Network Policy Unit Health Networks Branch, Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vicky Thursfield
- Victorian Cancer Registry, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bjørn Møller
- Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Suzanne Leonfellner
- NB Cancer Network, Department of Health, Province of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Marianne G Guren
- Department of Oncology and K G Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Baily C, O'Neill V, Dunne M, Cunningham M, Gullo G, Kennedy S, Walsh PM, Deady S, Horgan N. Uveal Melanoma in Ireland. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2018; 5:195-204. [PMID: 31049328 DOI: 10.1159/000492391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the clinical features and epidemiology of uveal melanoma in Ireland. Methods This was an observational study of 253 patients with a new diagnosis of uveal melanoma between June 2010 and December 2015. Main outcome measures included demographics, clinical features, age-adjusted incidence, relative survival, overall survival, and distant metastases-free survival. Results The mean patient age was 61.7 years. Tumour location was choroidal in 82%, ciliochoroidal in 9%, iridociliary in 2%, and iris in 7%. Treatment modalities included brachytherapy (ruthenium-106 and iodine-125 [64%]), enucleation (27%), and proton beam radiation (8%). The mean age-adjusted incidence of uveal melanoma in Ireland from 2010 to 2015 was 9.5 per million of the population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.4-10.7). Four-year relative survival was 81.3% (95% CI: 72.8-87.3). Four-year overall survival was 84% (95% CI: 78-90) and 4-year distant metastases-free survival was 79% (95% CI: 73-86). Conclusion Based on this data, the incidence of uveal melanoma in Ireland is high when compared with other reported incidence rates in Europe and worldwide. Relative and observed survival were in keeping with other reported European survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Dunne
- Clinical Trials Unit, St. Luke's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Susan Kennedy
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Noel Horgan
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Derks MGM, Bastiaannet E, Kiderlen M, Hilling DE, Boelens PG, Walsh PM, van Eycken E, Siesling S, Broggio J, Wyld L, Trojanowski M, Kolacinska A, Chalubinska-Fendler J, Gonçalves AF, Nowikiewicz T, Zegarski W, Audisio RA, Liefers GJ, Portielje JEA, van de Velde CJH. Variation in treatment and survival of older patients with non-metastatic breast cancer in five European countries: a population-based cohort study from the EURECCA Breast Cancer Group. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:121-129. [PMID: 29875471 PMCID: PMC6035184 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients are poorly represented in breast cancer research and guidelines do not provide evidence based recommendations for this specific group. We compared treatment strategies and survival outcomes between European countries and assessed whether variance in treatment patterns may be associated with variation in survival. METHODS Population-based study including patients aged ≥ 70 with non-metastatic BC from cancer registries from the Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, England and Greater Poland. Proportions of local and systemic treatments, five-year relative survival and relative excess risks (RER) between countries were calculated. RESULTS In total, 236,015 patients were included. The proportion of stage I BC receiving endocrine therapy ranged from 19.6% (Netherlands) to 84.6% (Belgium). The proportion of stage III BC receiving no breast surgery varied between 22.0% (Belgium) and 50.8% (Ireland). For stage I BC, relative survival was lower in England compared with Belgium (RER 2.96, 95%CI 1.30-6.72, P < .001). For stage III BC, England, Ireland and Greater Poland showed significantly worse relative survival compared with Belgium. CONCLUSIONS There is substantial variation in treatment strategies and survival outcomes in elderly with BC in Europe. For early-stage BC, we observed large variation in endocrine therapy but no variation in relative survival, suggesting potential overtreatment. For advanced BC, we observed higher survival in countries with lower proportions of omission of surgery, suggesting potential undertreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes G M Derks
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Bastiaannet
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.,Department of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy Kiderlen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Denise E Hilling
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Petra G Boelens
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Walsh
- National Cancer Registry of Ireland, Building 6800, Cork Airport Business Park, Kinsale Road, Cork, T12 CDF7, Ireland
| | | | - Sabine Siesling
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Godebaldkwartier 419, Utrecht, 3511 DT, The Netherlands
| | - John Broggio
- Public Health England, 5 St Philip's Place, Birmingham, B3 2PW, UK
| | - Lynda Wyld
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Maciej Trojanowski
- Greater Poland Cancer Registry, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Garbary 15, Poznań, 60-101, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolacinska
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Kościuszki 4, Łódź, 90-419, Poland
| | | | - Ana Filipa Gonçalves
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, Porto, 4200-162, Portugal
| | - Tomasz Nowikiewicz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum, Jagiellońska 13-15, Bydgoszcz, 85-067, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zegarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum, Jagiellońska 13-15, Bydgoszcz, 85-067, Poland
| | - Riccardo A Audisio
- Department of Surgery, St Helens Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Marshalls Cross Rd, Saint Helens, St Helens, WA9 3DA, UK
| | - Gerrit-Jan Liefers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Johanneke E A Portielje
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J H van de Velde
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
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Minicozzi P, Walsh PM, Sánchez MJ, Trama A, Innos K, Marcos-Gragera R, Dimitrova N, Botta L, Johannesen TB, Rossi S, Sant M. Is low survival for cancer in Eastern Europe due principally to late stage at diagnosis? Eur J Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29518726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer survival has persistently been shown to be worse for Eastern European and UK/Ireland patients than those of other European regions. This is often attributed to later stage at diagnosis. However, few stage-specific survival comparisons are available, so it is unclear whether poorer quality treatment or other factors also contribute. For the first time, European cancer registries have provided stage-at-diagnosis data to EUROCARE, enabling population-based stage-specific survival estimates across Europe. DATA AND METHODS In this retrospective observational study, stage at diagnosis (as TNM, condensed TNM, or Extent of Disease) was analysed for patients (≥15 years) from 15 countries grouped into 4 regions (Northern Europe: Norway; Central Europe: Austria, France, Germany, Switzerland, The Netherlands; Southern Europe: Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, and Spain; and Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovakia), diagnosed with 7 malignant cancers in 2000-2007, and followed to end of 2008. A new variable (reconstructed stage) was created which used all available stage information. Age-standardised 5-year relative survival (RS) by reconstructed stage was estimated and compared between regions. Excess risks of cancer death in the 5 years after diagnosis were also estimated, taking age, sex and stage into account. RESULTS Low proportions of Eastern European patients were diagnosed with local stage cancers and high proportions with metastatic stage cancers. Stage-specific RS (especially for non-metastatic disease) was generally lower for Eastern European patients. After adjusting for age, sex, and stage, excess risks of death remained higher for Eastern European patients than for European patients in general. CONCLUSIONS Late diagnosis alone does not explain worse cancer survival in Eastern Europe: greater risk of cancer death together with worse stage-specific survival suggest less effective care, probably in part because fewer resources are allocated to health care than in the rest of Europe. We recommend that Eastern European cancer registries and other involved bodies to draw attention to poor cancer survival, so as to stimulate research and inform policies to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Minicozzi
- Analytical Epidemiology and Health Impact Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paul M Walsh
- National Cancer Registry, Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Annalisa Trama
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Kaire Innos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Rafael Marcos-Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry (Oncology Coordination Plan), Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain
| | - Nadya Dimitrova
- National Hospital of Oncology, Bulgarian National Cancer Registry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Laura Botta
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tom B Johannesen
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Sant
- Analytical Epidemiology and Health Impact Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Mullooly M, Murphy J, Gierach GL, Walsh PM, Deady S, Barron TI, Sherman ME, Rosenberg PS, Anderson WF. Divergent oestrogen receptor-specific breast cancer trends in Ireland (2004-2013): Amassing data from independent Western populations provide etiologic clues. Eur J Cancer 2017; 86:326-333. [PMID: 29073583 PMCID: PMC5841549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology and clinical behaviour of breast cancers vary by oestrogen receptor (ER) expression, HER2 expression and over time. Data from the United States and Denmark show rising incidence rates for ER+ and falling incidence rates for ER- breast cancers. Given that Ireland is a somewhat similar Western population but with distinctive risk exposures (especially for lactation), we analysed breast cancer trends by ER status; and for the first time, by the joint expression of ER±/HER2±. We assessed invasive breast cancers (n = 24,845; 2004-2013) within the population-based National Cancer Registry of Ireland. The population at risk was obtained from the Irish Central Statistics Office (n = 10,401,986). After accounting for missing ER and HER2 data, we assessed receptor-specific secular trends in age-standardised incidence rates (ASRs) with the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Age-period-cohort models were also fitted to further characterise trends accounting for age, calendar-period and birth-cohort interactions. ASRs increased for ER+ (EAPC: 2.2% per year [95% CI: 0.97, 3.45%/year]) and decreased for ER- cancers (EAPC: -3.43% per year [95% CI: -5.05, -1.78%/year]), as well as for specific age groups at diagnosis (<30-49, 50-64 and ≥65 years). ER+/HER2- cancers rose, ER+/HER2+ cancers were statistically flat and ER-/HER± cancers declined. Secular trends for ER± cancers in Ireland were like those previously observed. Stratification by HER2± expression did not substantively alter ER± trends. The divergence of ER± incidence rates among independent Western populations likely reflects calendar-period and/or risk factor changes with differential effects for ER+ and ER- breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Mullooly
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jeanne Murphy
- George Washington University School of Nursing, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Walsh
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sandra Deady
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas I Barron
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Philip S Rosenberg
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William F Anderson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Minicozzi P, Innos K, Sánchez MJ, Trama A, Walsh PM, Marcos-Gragera R, Dimitrova N, Botta L, Visser O, Rossi S, Tavilla A, Sant M, Hackl M, Zielonke N, Van Eycken E, Henau K, Valerianova Z, Dimitrova N, Sekerija M, Dušek L, Zvolský M, Mägi M, Aareleid T, Malila N, Seppä K, Bouvier A, Faivre J, Bossard N, Uhry Z, Colonna M, Stabenow R, Luttmann S, Eberle A, Brenner H, Nennecke A, Engel J, Schubert-Fritschle G, Heidrich J, Holleczek B, Katalinic A, Clough-Gorr K, Mazzoleni G, Bulatko A, Buzzoni C, Giacomin A, Ferretti S, Barchielli A, Caldarella A, Gatta G, Sant M, Amash H, Amati C, Baili P, Berrino F, Bonfarnuzzo S, Botta L, Capocaccia R, Di Salvo F, Foschi R, Margutti C, Meneghini E, Minicozzi P, Trama A, Serraino D, Maso LD, De Angelis R, Caldora M, Carrani E, Francisci S, Knijn A, Mallone S, Pierannunzio D, Roazzi P, Rossi S, Santaquilani M, Tavilla A, Pannozzo F, Natali M, Filiberti R, Marani E, Autelitano M, Spagnoli G, Cirilli C, Fusco M, Vitale M, Traina A, Staiti R, Vitale F, Cusimano R, Michiara M, Tumino R, Falcini F, Caiazzo A, Maspero S, Fanetti A, Zanetti R, Rosso S, Rugge M, Tognazzo S, Pildava S, Smailyte G, Johannesen T, Rachtan J, Góźdź S, Mężyk R, Błaszczyk J, Kępska K, Bielska-Lasota M, Forjaz de Lacerda G, Bento M, Antunes L, Miranda A, Mayer-da-Silva A, Safaei Diba C, Primic-Zakelj M, Almar E, Mateos A, Lopez de Munain A, Larrañaga N, Torrella-Ramos A, Díaz García J, Jimenez-Chillaron R, Marcos-Gragera R, Vilardell L, Moreno-Iribas C, Ardanaz E, Lambe M, Mousavi M, Bouchardy C, Usel M, Ess S, Frick H, Lorez M, Ess S, Herrmann C, Bordoni A, Spitale A, Konzelmann I, Visser O, Damhuis R, Otter R, Coleman M, Allemani C, Rachet B, Rashbass J, Broggio J, Verne J, Gavin A, Fitzpatrick D, Huws D, White C. Quality analysis of population-based information on cancer stage at diagnosis across Europe, with presentation of stage-specific cancer survival estimates: A EUROCARE-5 study. Eur J Cancer 2017; 84:335-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McDevitt J, Comber H, Walsh PM. Colorectal cancer incidence and survival by sub-site and stage of diagnosis: a population-based study at the advent of national screening. Ir J Med Sci 2016; 186:113-121. [PMID: 27752924 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-016-1513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The location and staging of a colorectal cancer (CRC) determine prognosis and choice of treatment. We examined the sub-site, sex, and stage distribution for CRC in Ireland for patients diagnosed in the period immediately prior to the implementation of a national screening programme. METHODS Incident cases of CRC were abstracted from the National Cancer Registry for the period 1994-2012 (n = 38,912). Incidence proportions and 3-year cancer-related survival were calculated. RESULTS The incidence of CRC during 2010-2012 averaged 1021 females and 1424 males per year. While the overall incidence rate of CRC was static during 1994-2012, this masked a significant increase in the rate of proximal colon tumours (+1.3 % per year), a decreases in the rate of tumours of overlapping/colon NOS (-2.2 % per year), and no change in the rates of cancers of the distal colon and rectosigmoid junction (RSJ)/rectum. Proximal tumours occurred more frequently in females (F vs. M, 38 vs. 29 %), in older persons and increased over time. Compared to distal colon tumours, proximal colon [RR risk ratio 1.08, 95 % CI (1.05, 1.10)] and RSJ/rectum tumours [RR 1.08 (1.05, 1.11)] were more likely to be diagnosed at late stage. The proportion of late-stage tumours increased steadily over five diagnosis periods [e.g., 1994-1997 (51 %) vs. 2010-2012 (57 %), RR 1.12 (1.08, 1.16)]. Cancer survival improved over four diagnosis periods. CONCLUSIONS There was a distal-to-proximal shift and a trend towards diagnosis at late stage during 1994-2012. Some reversal of this trend is expected following the implementation of a national screening programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McDevitt
- National Cancer Registry, 6800 Avenue 6000, Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, T12 CDF7, Ireland.
| | - H Comber
- National Cancer Registry, 6800 Avenue 6000, Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, T12 CDF7, Ireland
| | - P M Walsh
- National Cancer Registry, 6800 Avenue 6000, Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, T12 CDF7, Ireland
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Pearce AM, Hanly P, Timmons A, Walsh PM, O'Neill C, O'Sullivan E, Gooberman-Hill R, Thomas AA, Gallagher P, Sharp L. Productivity Losses Associated with Head and Neck Cancer Using the Human Capital and Friction Cost Approaches. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2015; 13:359-367. [PMID: 25691128 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-015-0155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies suggest that productivity losses associated with head and neck cancer (HNC) are higher than in other cancers. These studies have only assessed a single aspect of productivity loss, such as temporary absenteeism or premature mortality, and have only used the Human Capital Approach (HCA). The Friction Cost Approach (FCA) is increasingly recommended, although has not previously been used to assess lost production from HNC. The aim of this study was to estimate the lost productivity associated with HNC due to different types of absenteeism and premature mortality, using both the HCA and FCA. METHODS Survey data on employment status were collected from 251 HNC survivors in Ireland and combined with population-level survival estimates and national wage data. The cost of temporary and permanent time off work, reduced working hours and premature mortality using both the HCA and FCA were calculated. RESULTS Estimated total productivity losses per employed person of working age were EUR253,800 using HCA and EUR6800 using FCA. The main driver of HCA costs was premature mortality (38% of total) while for FCA it was temporary time off (73% of total). CONCLUSIONS The productivity losses associated with head and neck cancer are substantial, and return to work assistance could form an important part of rehabilitation. Use of both the HCA and FCA approaches allowed different drivers of productivity losses to be identified, due to the different assumptions of the two methods. For future estimates of productivity losses, the use of both approaches may be pragmatic.
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Kiderlen M, Walsh PM, Bastiaannet E, Kelly MB, Audisio RA, Boelens PG, Brown C, Dekkers OM, de Craen AJM, van de Velde CJH, Liefers GJ. Treatment strategies and survival of older breast cancer patients - an international comparison between the Netherlands and Ireland. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118074. [PMID: 25646756 PMCID: PMC4315587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Forty percent of breast cancers occur among older patients. Unfortunately, there is a lack of evidence for treatment guidelines for older breast cancer patients. The aim of this study is to compare treatment strategy and relative survival for operable breast cancer in the elderly between The Netherlands and Ireland. MATERIAL AND METHODS From the Dutch and Irish national cancer registries, women aged ≥65 years with non-metastatic breast cancer were included (2001-2009). Proportions of patients receiving guideline-adherent locoregional treatment, endocrine therapy, and chemotherapy were calculated and compared between the countries by stage. Secondly, 5-year relative survival was calculated by stage and compared between countries. RESULTS Overall, 41,055 patients from The Netherlands and 5,826 patients from Ireland were included. Overall, more patients received guideline-adherent locoregional treatment in The Netherlands, overall (80% vs. 68%, adjusted p<0.001), stage I (83% vs. 65%, p<0.001), stage II (80% vs. 74%, p<0.001) and stage III (74% vs. 57%, P<0.001) disease. On the other hand, more systemic treatment was provided in Ireland, where endocrine therapy was prescribed to 92% of hormone receptor-positive patients, compared to 59% in The Netherlands. In The Netherlands, only 6% received chemotherapy, as compared 24% in Ireland. But relative survival was poorer in Ireland (5 years relative survival 89% vs. 83%), especially in stage II (87% vs. 85%) and stage III (61% vs. 58%) patients. CONCLUSION Treatment for older breast cancer patients differed significantly on all treatment modalities between The Netherlands and Ireland. More locoregional treatment was provided in The Netherlands, and more systemic therapy was provided in Ireland. Relative survival for Irish patients was worse than for their Dutch counterparts. This finding should be a strong recommendation to study breast cancer treatment and survival internationally, with the ultimate goal to equalize the survival rates for breast cancer patients across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Kiderlen
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Dept. of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Esther Bastiaannet
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Dept. of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Riccardo A. Audisio
- Department of Surgery, St Helens Teaching Hospital, St Helens, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Petra G. Boelens
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Brown
- National Cancer Registry of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Olaf M. Dekkers
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J. M. de Craen
- Dept. of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerrit-Jan Liefers
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Hanly P, Timmons A, Walsh PM, Sharp L. Breast and prostate cancer productivity costs: a comparison of the human capital approach and the friction cost approach. Value Health 2012; 15:429-436. [PMID: 22583452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Productivity costs constitute a substantial proportion of the total societal costs associated with cancer. We compared the results of applying two different analytical methods--the traditional human capital approach (HCA) and the emerging friction cost approach (FCA)--to estimate breast and prostate cancer productivity costs in Ireland in 2008. METHODS Data from a survey of breast and prostate cancer patients were combined with population-level survival estimates and a national wage data set to calculate costs of temporary disability (cancer-related work absence), permanent disability (workforce departure, reduced working hours), and premature mortality. RESULTS For breast cancer, productivity costs per person using the HCA were € 193,425 and those per person using the FCA were € 8,103; for prostate cancer, the comparable estimates were € 109,154 and € 8,205, respectively. The HCA generated higher costs for younger patients (breast cancer) because of greater lifetime earning potential. In contrast, the FCA resulted in higher productivity costs for older male patients (prostate cancer) commensurate with higher earning capacity over a shorter time period. Reduced working hours postcancer was a key driver of total HCA productivity costs. HCA costs were sensitive to assumptions about discount and growth rates. FCA costs were sensitive to assumptions about the friction period. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of the estimates obtained in this study illustrates the importance of including productivity costs when considering the economic impact of illness. Vastly different results emerge from the application of the HCA and the FCA, and this finding emphasizes the importance of choosing the study perspective carefully and being explicit about assumptions that underpin the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hanly
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
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Biss TT, Avery PJ, Walsh PM, Kamali F. Comparison of time within therapeutic INR range with percentage INR within therapeutic range for assessing long-term anticoagulation control in children: reply to a rebuttal. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:2332-3. [PMID: 21899719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Baker JF, Walsh PM, Byrne DP, Mulhall KJ. In vitro assessment of human chondrocyte viability after treatment with local anaesthetic, magnesium sulphate or normal saline. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2011; 19:1043-6. [PMID: 21331650 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-011-1437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Local anaesthetic agents are often used as an intra-articular analgesic following arthroscopic procedures. However, there is increasing evidence of a potential toxic effect to chondrocytes within the articular cartilage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect on human chondrocyte viability of treatment with bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine. The second aim was to compare the effect on chondrocyte viability of the local anaesthetics with magnesium, a potential alternative analgesic agent. METHODS Chondrocytes were exposed to one of the local anaesthetic agents (levobupivacaine 0.13, 0.25, 0.5%; bupivacaine 0.13, 0.25, 0.5%; ropivacaine 0.19, 0.38, 0.75%), normal saline or 10% magnesium sulphate for 15 min. Cells exposed to cell culture media served as controls. Twenty-four hours after exposure, cell viability was assessed using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay. RESULTS There was no significant difference in chondrocyte viability after treatment with either normal saline or magnesium sulphate. With the exception of 0.13% levobupivacine, all local anaesthetic treatment showed significantly greater toxic effects than either normal saline or magnesium sulphate. Statistically significant dose-dependent responses of decreasing cell viability were found with increasing local anaesthetic concentration. CONCLUSIONS A dose-dependent reduction in chondrocyte viability after treatment with common local anaesthetic agents was confirmed. Local anaesthetic agents had a greater deleterious effect on chondrocytes than did 10% magnesium sulphate. These findings suggest the need for continuing caution with the use of intra-articular local anaesthetic. Magnesium sulphate is a potential alternative intra-articular analgesic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Baker
- C/- O.R.I.F., Suite 4, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Biss TT, Avery PJ, Walsh PM, Kamali F. Comparison of 'time within therapeutic INR range' with 'percentage INR within therapeutic range' for assessing long-term anticoagulation control in children. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1090-2. [PMID: 21362125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Walsh PM, Byrne J, Capra M, Comber H. Childhood cancer survival in Ireland: temporal, regional and deprivation-related patterns. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:1852-62. [PMID: 21530237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Survival after childhood cancer varies across Europe, but national or regional studies have so far shown no survival differences related to socio-economic disparity. The relationship of childhood cancer survival to disparity has not been studied in Ireland. We assessed observed survival for Irish children (ages 0-14 years) diagnosed with cancer during the period 1994-2005, overall (for all cancers included in the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer) and for three main diagnostic groups - leukaemias, lymphomas, and central nervous system tumours. Comparisons were made between two diagnosis periods (1994-1999 and 2000-2005), between four regions of residence, and between five area-based deprivation categories. Regional patterns of treatment were examined to help assess the impact of centralisation of services. There was only limited evidence of improvements in survival over time. No clear evidence was found of deprivation-related influences on childhood cancer survival in Ireland, overall or for the three main diagnostic groups examined, although a weak trend was apparent for lymphoid leukaemias. Regional variation in survival was likewise not clear-cut, with the possible exception of CNS tumours (significantly higher survival amongst patients resident in the Western region). The absence of clear trends or patterns for regional or deprivation-related variation in survival may reflect a high degree of coordination and uniformity of treatment (and perhaps diagnostic) services, and application of standard treatment protocols nationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Walsh
- National Cancer Registry, Building 6800, Cork Airport Business Park, Kinsale Road, Cork, Ireland.
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Biss T, Avery PJ, Walsh PM, Kamali F. Warfarin treatment outcomes in children monitored at home with a point-of-care device. Thromb Haemost 2011; 105:1103-5. [PMID: 21437355 DOI: 10.1160/th10-09-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Woods LM, Rachet B, Shack L, Catney D, Walsh PM, Cooper N, White C, Mak V, Steward J, Comber H, Gavin A, Brewster D, Quinn M, Coleman MP. Survival from twenty adult cancers in the UK and Republic of Ireland in the late twentieth century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010:5-24. [DOI: 10.1057/hsq.2010.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based studies of childhood cancer incidence, survival and mortality make an important contribution to monitoring the successful implementation of new treatment guidelines and to understanding the epidemiology of these diseases. METHODS We analysed incidence and survival data for cancers diagnosed in children under 15 years of age in the Republic of Ireland during 1994-2000 (the first 7 years of National Cancer Registry coverage), and longer term mortality trends. RESULTS World age-standardised incidence rates in Ireland averaged 142 cases per million children per year, slightly higher than the European average and slightly lower than the US average, although differences varied by diagnostic group. Observed 5-year survival in Ireland (79% overall) was slightly higher than European and US averages, and was significantly higher for acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (67%) and (compared with the USA) significantly lower for Hodgkin lymphoma (83%). No significant increases in incidence rates were evident from the available 7 years' data, either overall or for particular diagnostic groups. Rates of childhood cancer mortality have declined markedly since the 1950s. CONCLUSIONS Data presented here are in line with other developed countries and suggest major improvements in treatment and consequent survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stack
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
Premature cancer mortality trends were examined by reviewing cumulative mortality risk ('cumulative risk' hereafter) and potential years of life lost (PYLL) up to and including 64 years of age between 1953 and 2002 in Ireland. Trends were assessed quantitatively by Joinpoint analysis of both measures (with PYLL expressed as an age-standardized rate). The age of 64 years was used for these summary measures to reflect the focus of the Irish Government's cancer strategy on cancer in the under-65 population. Some differences emerged when ranking the significant types of cancer using cumulative risk and PYLL values. In general, however, the two methods generated similar overall trends, although PYLL rates tended to show steeper or longer-term declines, presumably reflecting the greater weight given to deaths at younger ages. Most cancers have, in recent years, shown a downward, or levelling-off of, trend for both sexes. The only exceptions were significant increases for oesophageal cancer in men (both measures), and prostate cancer (cumulative risk), cervical cancer (PYLL rate) and lymphoma in both sexes (cumulative risk). Rankings based on both cumulative risk and PYLL showed that male lung cancer is still the leading cause of premature death from cancer in Ireland, despite recent falls in mortality rates. Breast cancer has consistently been the leading cause of premature cancer death in women since the 1950s. Stomach cancer was once the second leading cause of premature cancer death in women, but since the 1960s it has been replaced by lung cancer. Ovarian cancer, having had a middle ranking for many years has, since the early 1990s, become the third leading cause of premature cancer death for women.
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Walsh PM, McCarron P, Middleton RJ, Comber H, Gavin AT, Murray L. Influence of mammographic screening on trends in breast-conserving surgery in Ireland. Eur J Cancer Prev 2006; 15:138-48. [PMID: 16523011 DOI: 10.1097/01.cej.0000180668.96710.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Debate exists about the influence of screening on breast cancer surgery. We compared rates and odds of mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery (BCS) during 1994-1999 between Northern Ireland, which has had organized mammographic screening (age group 50-64) since 1993, and the Republic of Ireland, where large-scale screening did not begin until 2000. Trends in BCS were similar in both populations: significant increases in BCS rates for age groups 20-49 and, especially, 50-64, and significant increases in mastectomy rates for age group 65+ only. Use of BCS among surgical patients was significantly higher in Northern Ireland (46%) than the Republic of Ireland (35%) and, in Northern Ireland, was significantly higher in age group 50-64 than other age groups. Geographic and age-related variations were substantially, but not wholly, explained by tumour characteristics and screen-detection status. Among Northern Ireland women aged 50-64, BCS use among screen-detected cases, even after adjustment for tumour characteristics, was 40-50% higher and increased more rapidly during 1994-1999 than among other cases. However, trends in BCS in Northern Ireland were not explained by changes in screen-detection status or tumour characteristics. Our findings are consistent with expectations that mammographic screening, together with modern treatment guidelines, should lead to reduced use of mastectomy and increased (proportional) use of BCS. But similar trends occurred in the absence of large-scale screening (in the Republic of Ireland), and surgical treatment of screen-detected cases did not reflect tumour characteristics alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Walsh
- National Cancer Registry (Ireland), Elm Court, Boreenmanna Road, Cork, Ireland.
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Gentry DJ, Baggish MS, Brady K, Walsh PM, Hungler MS. The effects of loop excision of the transformation zone on cervical length: implications for pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182:516-20. [PMID: 10739501 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2000.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine whether previously described significant and quantitative cervical shortening caused by loop excision of the transformation zone persists after 3 months of healing. STUDY DESIGN A prospective study was designed in which 20 patients were enrolled. Each underwent transvaginal ultrasonography for determination of cervical length before the loop excision of the transformation zone and >/=3 months after the loop excision of the transformation zone. Simple regression analysis and the Student paired t test was performed to determine whether the length of the cervix had changed significantly between the measurements. RESULTS The mean cervical lengths as measured by transvaginal ultrasonography before and after loop excision of the transformation zone were 3.1 +/- 0.8 cm and 3.1 +/- 0.7 cm, respectively. The correlation between ultrasonographic measurements before and after loop excision of the transformation zone was r = 0.88 (P <.0001). A paired t test resulted in a P value of 1.0000, which indicates that the ultrasonographic measurement after loop excision of the transformation zone was not different from the ultrasonographic measurement before loop excision of the transformation zone. The mean difference between measurements was 0.0 +/- 0.4 cm. CONCLUSION After adequate healing time after loop excision of the transformation zone, the length of the cervix, as measured by transvaginal ultrasonography, does not appear to remain shortened.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Gentry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and The Hatton Medical Research Center, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45202-2489, USA
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Walsh PM, Epstein JB. The oral effects of smokeless tobacco. J Can Dent Assoc 2000; 66:22-5. [PMID: 10680329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco use has increased rapidly in North America. This form of tobacco use has many oral effects including leukoplakia, oral cancer, loss of periodontal support (recession), and staining of teeth and composite restorations. Systemic effects such as nicotine dependence, transient hypertension and cardiovascular disease may also result from smokeless tobacco use. This paper aims to guide dental practitioners in identifying oral lesions that occur due to the use of smokeless tobacco and also offer guidelines on how to counsel patients who express a desire to stop using smokeless tobacco products.
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Rogers CJ, Glaser DA, Siegfried EC, Walsh PM. Hair removal using topical suspension-assisted Q-switched Nd:YAG and long-pulsed alexandrite lasers: A comparative study. Dermatol Surg 1999; 25:844-4; discussion 848-50. [PMID: 10594595 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.99039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of lasers for removal of unwanted hair has been shown to be effective in temporarily controlling hair growth. Several lasers are currently utilized for this purpose. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the short-term effectiveness and discomfort levels of the long-pulsed alexandrite laser and the topical suspension-assisted Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in a side-by-side comparison. METHODS Fifteen subjects were treated in the bilateral hair-bearing axilla, using one treatment with the alexandrite laser for the right and two treatments with the topical suspension-assisted Nd:YAG laser for the left. Reduction in hair regrowth was measured at 2 and 3 months following the first treatment by comparing the terminal hair count to the baseline values. Patients rated their pain on a scale of 0-10 immediately following the first treatment at each site. RESULTS The mean percentage reduction in hair regrowth 2 months following alexandrite laser treatment was 55% and 73% for the Nd:YAG laser-treated regions. After 3 months, alexandrite laser-treated patients showed a reduction of 19%, while Nd:YAG laser-treated patients showed a 27% reduction. Patients reported average pain values of 8 and 4 for the long-pulsed alexandrite and Nd:YAG laser sites, respectively. All differences were significant. CONCLUSION While the design of this study makes it difficult to compare the relative effectiveness of the lasers, both systems evaluated were shown to delay hair growth and provide patients with a satisfactory treatment.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report our experience with erosion of permanent suture or mesh material after abdominal sacrocolpopexy. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who underwent sacrocolpopexy by the same surgeon over 8 years. Demographic data, operative notes, hospital records, and office charts were reviewed after sacrocolpopexy. Patients with erosion of either suture or mesh were treated initially with conservative therapy followed by surgical intervention as required. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients underwent sacrocolpopexy using synthetic mesh during the study period. The mean (range) postoperative follow-up was 19.9 (1.3-50) months. Seven patients (12%) had erosions after abdominal sacrocolpopexy with two suture erosions and five mesh erosions. Patients with suture erosion were asymptomatic compared with patients with mesh erosion, who presented with vaginal bleeding or discharge. The mean (+/-standard deviation) time to erosion was 14.0+/-7.7 (range 4-24) months. Both patients with suture erosion were treated conservatively with estrogen cream. All five patients with mesh erosion required transvaginal removal of the mesh. CONCLUSION Mesh erosion can follow abdominal sacrocolpopexy over a long time, and usually presents as vaginal bleeding or discharge. Although patients with suture erosion can be managed successfully with conservative treatment, patients with mesh erosion require surgical intervention. Transvaginal removal of the mesh with vaginal advancement appears to be an effective treatment in patients failing conservative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kohli
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Good Samaritan Hospital, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Ohio 45220, USA.
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Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris
, the producer of xanthan gum, possesses a β-galactosidase of very low specific activity. Plasmid pGC9114 (RP1::Tn
951
), generated by the transposition of the lactose transposon Tn
951
to RP1, was conjugally transferred into XN1, a nalidixic acid-resistant derivative of
X. campestris
NRRL B-1459S-4L. Transfer occurred on membrane filters and in broth. The β-galactosidase gene of Tn
951
was expressed in
X. campestris
. The specific activity of β-galactosidase in transconjugants was over 200-fold higher than that in XN1, and transconjugants grew as well in lactose-based media as in glucose-based media. The lactose-utilizing transconjugants could potentially be used to produce xanthan gum from cheese whey.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Walsh
- Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118
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Abstract
Although anomalies affecting the optic nerve head are usually clinically innocuous, they can sometimes cause significant symptoms and lead to visual loss. It is important to be able to recognize even the relatively benign lesions in order to differentiate them from other more threatening lesions or disease processes which they may clinically resemble. An awareness of the clinical appearance of disc anomalies is especially important in the differential diagnosis of optic nerve glaucomatous changes. Some anomalies cause various types of visual field loss which, if the actual disc lesion is not recognized, may lead to unnecessary neurologic evaluation or even to intracranial surgery. The optic nerve changes in acquired myopia and in the congenital tilted disc syndrome should be clearly defined and differentiated: high (pathologic) myopia may be highly progressive with many dangerous secondary sequelae, while the latter anomaly is stationary. Finally, there is a group of conditions, collectively termed "elevated anomalies of the disc," which must be considered in the differential diagnosis of papilledema and potentially dangerous intraocular tumors, particularly retinoblastoma. This review provides a clinicopathologic correlation comparing the characteristics of the normal optic disc to those of the most important congenital anomalies of the disc.
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Walsh PM, McKay LL. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the lactose plasmid in Streptococcus lactis ML3 and two recombinant lactose plasmids. Appl Environ Microbiol 1982; 43:1006-10. [PMID: 6285820 PMCID: PMC244177 DOI: 10.1128/aem.43.5.1006-1010.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the molecular relationship between the 60-megadalton (Mdal) recombinant lactose plasmids in ML 3 x LM2301 lactose-positive (Lac+) transconjugants and the genetic material of Streptococcus lactis ML3. Lactose metabolism is linked to the 33-Mdal plasmid pSK08 in ML3, and the recipient LM2301 is cured of plasmid DNA. The plasmids were analyzed with a series of restriction enzymes. We found that the 60-Mdal plasmids of Lac+ transconjugants contained pSK08 DNA, but were not simply dimers of pSK08. The 60-Mdal plasmids contained a segment of DNA not apparent in pSK08. The restriction patterns of the 60-Mdal plasmid in a Lac+ nonclumping transconjugant and that in a Lac+ clumping transconjugant were different. This suggested that there was a molecular differences between these two recombinant plasmids. We conclude that the segment of DNA in the 60-Mdal plasmids that was not present in pSK08 was the proposed transfer factor responsible for cell aggregation and high-frequency conjugation.
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Abstract
Lactose-positive (Lac+) transconjugants resulting from matings between Streptococcus lactic ML3 and S. lactis LM2301 possess a single plasmid of approximately 60 megadaltons (Mdal) which is nearly twice the size of the lactose plasmid of the donor. The majority of these Lac+ transconjugants aggregated in broth and were able to transfer lactose-fermenting ability at a frequency higher than 10(-1) per donor on milk agar plates or in broth. Lac+ transconjugants which did not clump conjugated at a much lower frequency. Lactose-negative derivatives of Lac+ clumping transconjugants did not aggregate in broth and were missing the 60-Mdal plasmid. The ability to aggregates in broth was very unstable. Strains could lose the ability to clump but retain lactose-fermenting ability. The majority of these Lac+ nonclumping derivatives of clumping transconjugants contained a plasmid of approximately 33 Mdal, the size of the lactose plasmid of the original donor ML3. These strains transferred lactose-fermenting ability at a frequency of approximately 10(-6) per donor, resulting in both Lac+ clumping transconjugants which contained a 60-Mdal plasmid and Lac+ nonclumping transconjugants which possessed a 33-Mdal plasmid. Our results suggest that the genes responsible for cell aggregation and high-frequency conjugation are on the segment of deoxyribonucleic acid which recombined with the 33-Mdal lactose plasmid in S. lactis ML3.
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Abstract
Streptococcus lactis strains ML3 and C(2)O and S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis strains DRC3, 11007, and WM(4) were found to transfer lactose-fermenting ability to LM0230, an S. lactis C2 lactose-negative (Lac(-)) derivative which is devoid of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Lactose-positive streptomycin-resistant (Lac(+) Str(r)) recombinants were found when the Lac(+) Str(s) donor was mixed with Lac(-) Str(r) LM0230 in solid-surface matings. Transduction and transformation were ruled out as the mechanism of genetic exchange in strains ML3, DRC3, 11007, and WM(4), nor was reversion responsible for the high number of Lac(+) Str(r) recombinants. Furthermore, chloroform treatment of the donor prevented the appearance of recombinants, indicating that transfer of lactose-fermenting ability required viable cell-to-cell contact. Strain C(2)O demonstrated transduction as well as conjugation. Transfer of plasmid DNA during conjugation for all strains was confirmed by demonstrating the presence of plasmid DNA in the transconjugants by using agarose gel electrophoresis. In some instances, a cryptic plasmid was transferred in conjunction with the lactose plasmid by using strains DRC3, 11007, and WM(4). In S. lactis C2 x LM0230 matings, the Str(r) marker was transferred from LM0230 to C2, suggesting conjugal transfer of chromosomal DNA. The results confirm conjugation as another mechanism of genetic exchange occurring in dairy starter cultures.
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Tulou PP, Walsh PM. Measurement of alveolar carbon dioxide tension at maximal expiration as an estimate of arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with airway obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis 1970; 102:921-6. [PMID: 5486225 DOI: 10.1164/arrd.1970.102.6.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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