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Wang J, He M, Yang M, Ai X. Gut microbiota as a key regulator of intestinal mucosal immunity. Life Sci 2024; 345:122612. [PMID: 38588949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex microbial community with the ability of maintaining intestinal health. Intestinal homeostasis largely depends on the mucosal immune system to defense external pathogens and promote tissue repair. In recent years, growing evidence revealed the importance of gut microbiota in shaping intestinal mucosal immunity. Therefore, according to the existing findings, this review first provided an overview of intestinal mucosal immune system before summarizing the regulatory roles of gut microbiota in intestinal innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, this review delved into the gut microbial interactions with the cells such as intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in innate immunity, and T and B lymphocytes in adaptive immunity. Furthermore, this review discussed the main effects of gut microbiota dysbiosis in intestinal diseases and offered future research prospects. The review highlighted the key regulatory roles of gut microbiota in intestinal mucosal immunity via various host-microbe interactions, providing valuable references for the development of microbial therapy in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
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2
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Corredoira Sánchez J, Ayuso García B, Romay Lema EM, García-Pais MJ, Rodríguez-Macias AI, Capón González P, Otero López R, Rabuñal Rey R, Alonso García P. Streptococcus bovis infection of the central nervous system in adults: Report of 4 cases and literature review. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2024; 42:4-12. [PMID: 37076331 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical features, history and association with intestinal disease in central nervous system (CNS) S. bovis infections. METHODS Four cases of S. bovis CNS infections from our institution are presented. Additionally a systematic literature review of articles published between 1975 and 2021 in PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted. RESULTS 52 studies with 65 cases were found; five were excluded because of incomplete data. In total 64 cases were analyzed including our four cases: 55 with meningitis and 9 with intracranial focal infections. Both infections were frequently associated with underlying conditions (70.3%) such as immunosuppression (32.8%) or cancer (10.9%). In 23 cases a biotype was identified, with biotype II being the most frequent (69.6%) and S. pasteurianus the most common within this subgroup. Intestinal diseases were found in 60.9% of cases, most commonly neoplasms (41.0%) and Strongyloides infestation (30.8%). Overall mortality was 17.1%, with a higher rate in focal infection (44.4% vs 12.7%; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS CNS infections due to S. bovis are infrequent and the most common clinical form is meningitis. Compared with focal infections, meningitis had a more acute course, was less associated with endocarditis and had a lower mortality. Immunosuppression and intestinal disease were frequent in both infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rocio Otero López
- Neurosurgery Department, Universitary Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ramón Rabuñal Rey
- Infectious Disease Unit, Universitary Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pilar Alonso García
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Universitary Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
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Montes-Montoya MC, Gaviria-Mendoza A, Murillo-Muñoz MM, Cardona-Ospina JA, Machado-Alba JE. PRESCRIBING PATTERNS AND THE USE OF ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS IN COLOMBIAN PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. J Parasitol 2023; 109:537-542. [PMID: 37944597 DOI: 10.1645/22-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasites continue to be a public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. Broad use of anthelmintics during deworming programs is still necessary in many regions. However, description of the usage of these medications in general medical practice has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine the use of anthelmintic drugs and their indications in a group of Colombian patients. This was a descriptive study from a drug-dispensing database, identifying patients with prescriptions for anthelmintic drugs. A total of 381 cases were randomly selected, and their medical records were reviewed, analyzing sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacological variables (indication of use). The lack of diagnosis registration or clinical manifestations of parasites was determined as a prescription without indication. In total, 50.9% (n = 194) of patients were female, and 67.4% of all patients were under 18 yr of age. The diagnosis of helminthiases was clearly stated in 114 (29.9%) patients, and only 4.2% (n = 16) of these had microbiological confirmation. The most commonly used anthelmintic drug was albendazole (70.4% of all prescriptions). The use of anthelmintics was not indicated in 266 cases (69.8%). Nutritional supplements or vitamin prescriptions were associated with using anthelmintics without indication (odds ratio: 2.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.26-4.03). A high proportion of patients lacked symptoms or diagnoses in their clinical records that supported the use of anthelmintic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Montes-Montoya
- Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A. Grupo de investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Pereira, Colombia
- Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Grupo Biomedicina, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza
- Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A. Grupo de investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Pereira, Colombia
- Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Grupo Biomedicina, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Maria Mónica Murillo-Muñoz
- Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A. Grupo de investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Pereira, Colombia
- Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Grupo Biomedicina, Pereira, Colombia
| | | | - Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba
- Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A. Grupo de investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Pereira, Colombia
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Cheon JH, Kim HS, Han DS, Kim SK, Shin SJ, Kim JS, Ye BD, Song GA, Lee Y, Kim Y, Lee Y, Kim WH. Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab in Intestinal Behçet's Disease: A Multicenter, Phase 3 Study (BEGIN). Gut Liver 2023; 17:777-785. [PMID: 36578194 PMCID: PMC10502498 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims To date, there is no prospective study that specifically investigated the efficacy of infliximab in intestinal Behçet's disease (BD). This study evaluated the efficacy of infliximab in patients with moderate-to-severe active intestinal BD that are refractory to conventional therapies. Methods This phase 3, interventional, open-label, single-arm study evaluated clinical outcomes of infliximab treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe intestinal BD. The coprimary endpoints were clinical response, decrease in disease activity index for intestinal BD (DAIBD) score ≥20 from weeks 0 to 8 for the induction therapy and week 32 for the maintenance therapy. Results A total of 33 patients entered the induction therapy and were treated with infliximab 5 mg/kg intravenously at weeks 0, 2, and 6. The mean DAIBD score changed from 90.8±40.1 at week 0 to 40.3±36.4 at week 8, with a significant mean change of 50.5±36.4 (95% confidence interval, 37.5 to 63.4; p<0.001). Thirty-one (93.9%) continued to receive 5 mg/kg infliximab every 8 weeks during the maintenance therapy. The mean change in the DAIBD score after the maintenance therapy was statistically significant (61.5±38.5; 95% confidence interval, 46.0 to 77.1; p<0.001, from weeks 0 to 32). The proportion of patients who maintained a clinical response was 92.3% at week 32. No severe adverse reactions occurred during the induction and maintenance therapies. Conclusions This study provided evidence that infliximab 5 mg/kg induction and maintenance therapies are efficacious and well-tolerated in patients with moderate-to-severe active intestinal BD. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02505568).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Sung Kook Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geun Am Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - YoungJa Lee
- Medical Affairs, Janssen Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yoosun Lee
- Medical Affairs, Janssen Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jung J, Kim A, Yang SH. The Innovative Approach in Functional Bladder Disorders: The Communication Between Bladder and Brain-Gut Axis. Int Neurourol J 2023; 27:15-22. [PMID: 37015721 PMCID: PMC10072998 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2346036.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional bladder disorders including overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis may induce problems in many other parts of our body such as brain and gut. In fact, diagnosis is often less accurate owing to their complex symptoms. To have correct diagnosis of these diseases, we need to understand the pathophysiology behind overlapped clinical presentation. First, we focused on reviewing literatures that have reported the link between bladder and brain, as the patients with bladder disorders frequently accompanied mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. Second, we reviewed literatures that have described the relationship between bladder and gut. There exist many evidences of patients who suffered from both bladder and intestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, at the same time. Furthermore, the interaction between brain and gut, well-known as brain-gut axis, might be a key factor that could change the activity of bladder and vice versa. For example, the affective disorders could alter the activity of efferent nerves or autonomic nervous system that modulate the gut itself and its microbiota, which might cause the destruction of homeostasis in bladder eventually. In this way, the communication between bladder and brain-gut axis might affect permeability, inflammation, as well as infectious etiology and dysbiosis in bladder diseases. In this review, we aimed to find an innovative insight of the pathophysiology in the functional bladder disorders, and we could provide a new understanding of the overlapped clinical presentation by elucidating the pathophysiology of functional bladder disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
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Liu J, Wang Y, Zou Y, Li C. Impact of vitamin D on the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023:CCHTS-EPUB-129033. [PMID: 36694316 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230123151617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the impact of vitamin D on the occurrence and progression of intestinal disorders, the authors of this study have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. BACKGROUND Vitamin D regulates inflammation and immunity in association with reducing the disease symptoms of several gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the exact role of vitamin D in the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases is unclear so far. METHODOLOGY The relevant studies were searched in PubMed and screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of full-text studies was assessed using National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH) scale. The study was conducted as per the PRISMA guidelines. The overall estimate was calculated in terms of risk ratio with a 95% confidence interval. The publication bias was assessed qualitatively using a funnel plot, and heterogeneity among studies was calculated using I2 statistics. All analyses were done using RevMan 5.0. RESULTS The overall risk ratio using random effect model was found to be 0.89 [0.70, 1.12], which indicates the non-significant role of vitamin D in the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases as compared to the non-vitamin D group. However, after exclusion of studies with low and high sample sizes, a significant reduction in intestinal diseases was observed in the vitamin D group as compared to the non-vitamin D group. Further, no heterogeneity among the studies was observed. CONCLUSION Based on available evidence, vitamin D might play a significant role in the reduction of intestinal diseases; however, more studies with high sample sizes are required to draw a valid conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Liu
- The Second Ward of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The Second Ward of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, China
| | - Yanhong Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154003, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- The Second Ward of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, China
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Han X, Luo R, Ye N, Hu Y, Fu C, Gao R, Fu S, Gao F. Research progress on natural β-glucan in intestinal diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1244-1260. [PMID: 36063888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucan, an essential natural polysaccharide widely distributed in cereals and microorganisms, exhibits extensive biological activities, including immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor properties, and flora regulation. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that β-glucan has activities that may be useful for treating intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer. The advantages of β-glucan, which include its multiple roles, safety, abundant sources, good encapsulation capacity, economic development costs, and clinical evidence, indicate that β-glucan is a promising polysaccharide that could be developed as a health product or medicine for the treatment of intestinal disease. Unfortunately, few reports have summarized the progress of studies investigating natural β-glucan in intestinal diseases. This review comprehensively summarizes the structure-activity relationship of β-glucan, its pharmacological mechanism in IBD and colorectal cancer, its absorption and transportation mechanisms, and its application in food, medicine, and drug delivery, which will be beneficial to further understand the role of β-glucan in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruifeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Naijing Ye
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Department of Nursing, Chengdu Wenjiang People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China.
| | - Shu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China.
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González-Morcillo G, Calderón-Hernanz B, Serrano-López de Las Hazas J, de Hita-Santabaya AI, Riera-Oliver J. Ribavirin-resistant chronic norovirus infection-associated enteropathy in common variable immunodeficiency. Case report and review of the literature. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101956. [PMID: 35613691 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Norovirus infection is particularly challenging in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) because of their inability to achieve viral clearance and the risk of developing enteropathy leading to intestinal villous atrophy and malabsorption. To date, therapeutic options to eliminate the virus are limited and only ribavirin has been shown to induce viral clearance in norovirus enteropathy associated with CVID. We report a case of a 48-year-old female patient diagnosed with CVID enteropathy possibly related to norovirus infection who failed a ribavirin-based therapy despite dosage optimization through drug plasma level monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo González-Morcillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Son Llàtzer Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISba), Carretera. Manacor Km 4, Palma de Mallorca 07198, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Calderón-Hernanz
- Department of Pharmacy, Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Son Llàtzer Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISba), Carretera. Manacor Km 4, Palma de Mallorca 07198, Spain
| | - Joaquín Serrano-López de Las Hazas
- Department of Pharmacy, Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Son Llàtzer Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISba), Carretera. Manacor Km 4, Palma de Mallorca 07198, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel de Hita-Santabaya
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISba), Carretera. Manacor Km 4, Palma de Mallorca 07198, Spain
| | - Joan Riera-Oliver
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISba), Carretera. Manacor Km 4, Palma de Mallorca 07198, Spain
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Shu Y, Hui HY, Tan ZJ. Progress in treatment of intestinal diseases with Gegen Qinlian decoction. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:661-667. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i15.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gegen Qinlian decoction is a classical compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, and modern research shows that it has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunity-enhancing, intestinal mucosal barrier-protecting, and intestinal flora-regulating effects. Gegen Qinlian decoction has been used to treat various intestinal diseases, which embodies the dialectical treatment feature of " treating the same disease with different therapies" in traditional Chinese medicine; its mechanism of "treating the same disease" may be related to regulating the intestinal flora, anti-inflammation, regulating immunity, and maintaining intestinal barrier function. This article reviews the pathogenic factors and pathogenesis of infectious diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer, as well as the therapeutic mechanism and clinical research of Gegen Qinlian decoction in treating these intestinal diseases, and explores the effect of Gegen Qinlian decoction on intestinal diseases, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for treating intestinal diseases with Gegen Qinlian decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hua-Ying Hui
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Jin Tan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
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Chen F, Liu Y, Shi Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu Z, Lv J, Leng Y. The emerging role of neutrophilic extracellular traps in intestinal disease. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:27. [PMID: 35733158 PMCID: PMC9214684 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular reticular fibrillar structures composed of DNA, histones, granulins and cytoplasmic proteins that are delivered externally by neutrophils in response to stimulation with various types of microorganisms, cytokines and host molecules, etc. NET formation has been extensively demonstrated to trap, immobilize, inactivate and kill invading microorganisms and acts as a form of innate response against pathogenic invasion. However, NETs are a double-edged sword. In the event of imbalance between NET formation and clearance, excessive NETs not only directly inflict tissue lesions, but also recruit pro-inflammatory cells or proteins that promote the release of inflammatory factors and magnify the inflammatory response further, driving the progression of many human diseases. The deleterious effects of excessive release of NETs on gut diseases are particularly crucial as NETs are more likely to be disrupted by neutrophils infiltrating the intestinal epithelium during intestinal disorders, leading to intestinal injury, and in addition, NETs and their relevant molecules are capable of directly triggering the death of intestinal epithelial cells. Within this context, a large number of NETs have been reported in several intestinal diseases, including intestinal infections, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and colorectal cancer. Therefore, the formation of NET would have to be strictly monitored to prevent their mediated tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on the formation mechanisms of NETs and their pathophysiological roles in a variety of intestinal diseases, with the aim of providing an essential directional guidance and theoretical basis for clinical interventions in the exploration of mechanisms underlying NETs and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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Li S, Yao J, Cao J, Kong X, Zhu J. Effective high-to-low-level feature aggregation network for endoscopic image classification. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2022; 17:1225-1233. [PMID: 35568744 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-022-02591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The accuracy improvement in endoscopic image classification matters to the endoscopists in diagnosing and choosing suitable treatment for patients. Existing CNN-based methods for endoscopic image classification tend to use the deepest abstract features without considering the contribution of low-level features, while the latter is of great significance in the actual diagnosis of intestinal diseases. METHODS To make full use of both high-level and low-level features, we propose a novel two-stream network for endoscopic image classification. Specifically, the backbone stream is utilized to extract high-level features. In the fusion stream, low-level features are generated by a bottom-up multi-scale gradual integration (BMGI) method, and the input of BMGI is refined by top-down attention learning modules. Besides, a novel correction loss is proposed to clarify the relationship between high-level and low-level features. RESULTS Experiments on the KVASIR dataset demonstrate that the proposed framework can obtain an overall classification accuracy of 97.33% with Kappa coefficient of 95.25%. Compared to the existing models, the two evaluation indicators have increased by 2% and 2.25%, respectively, at least. CONCLUSION In this study, we proposed a two-stream network that fuses the high-level and low-level features for endoscopic image classification. The experiment results show that the high-to-low-level feature can better represent the endoscopic image and enable our model to outperform several state-of-the-art classification approaches. In addition, the proposed correction loss could regularize the consistency between backbone stream and fusion stream. Thus, the fused feature can reduce the intra-class distances and make accurate label prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Yao
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Kong
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Botero-Garcés J, Villegas-Arbeláez E, Giraldo S, Urán-Velásquez J, Arias-Agudelo L, Alzate-Ángell JC, García-Montoya GM, Galván-Díaz AL. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in a cohort of HIVinfected patients from Antioquia, Colombia. Biomedica 2021; 41:153-64. [PMID: 34669286 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: HIV infection is still a public health problem worldwide and co-infections with other infectious agents including intestinal parasites are of particular concern, mainly in developing countries like Colombia. Objective: To conduct a cross-sectional study in patients attending an HIV care program in Antioquia given that there have been few intestinal parasites prevalence studies among the HIV population in the country. Material and methods: We evaluated stool samples from 192 patients by direct wet mount and concentration, modified Ziehl Neelsen staining, and agar plate culture. Univariate and correlation analyses were done to explore the association between socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and parasitological data. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites in HIV-positive subjects was 29.2% (56/192; 95% CI: 22.8% - 35.6%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkosvkii with 13.0% (25/192; 95% CI: 8.2% - 17.8%) and Blastocystis with 12.0% (23/192; 95% CI: 7.4% -16.6%) were the most frequent. Opportunistic parasites like Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora belli were less prevalent, each one with 0.5% of positive samples (1/192; 95% CI: 0.1% - 1.5%). Commensal protozoa were also detected with a prevalence of 18.8% (36/192; 95% CI: 13.3% - 24.3%). Most of the individuals in the study had a controlled viral load and an LTCD4 count greater than 200 cel/µL. A small percentage (9.3%) had diarrhea. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression showed that only age and having pets had a significant association with intestinal parasites in this cohort. Conclusions: Our results confirmed that the evaluated population is at high risk of intestinal parasite infection, which highlights the need for routine screening of gastrointestinal parasites to provide prompt treatment and reduce possible complications.
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Kaneko S, Matsuda K, Mizuta Y, Shiratori S, Kishi K, Nakamura A, Yagisawa M, Ehira N, Uebayashi M, Kobayashi H. Severe spruelike enteropathy and collagenous colitis caused by olmesartan. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:350. [PMID: 34556042 PMCID: PMC8461977 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olmesartan, which is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, reportedly causes spruelike enteropathy, with intestinal villous atrophy as its typical histopathological finding. Interestingly, collagenous and/or lymphocytic gastritis and colitis occur in some patients. We report the case of a 73-year-old Japanese man with a 2-month clinical history of severe diarrhea and weight loss. There were few reports in which spruelike enteropathy and collagenous colitis were both observed and could be followed up. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 73-year-old man with a 2-month clinical history of severe diarrhea and weight loss. He had taken olmesartan for hypertension treatment for 5 years. Endoscopic examination with biopsies revealed intestinal villous atrophy and collagenous colitis. Suspecting enteropathy caused by olmesartan, which was discontinued on admission because of hypotension, we continued to stop the drug. Within 3 weeks after olmesartan discontinuation, his clinical symptoms improved. After 3 months, follow-up endoscopy showed improvement of villous atrophy but not of the thickened collagen band of the colon. However, the mucosa normalized after 6 months, histologically confirming that the preexistent pathology was finally resolved. CONCLUSIONS This report presents a case in which spruelike enteropathy and collagenous colitis were both observed and could be followed up. In unexplained cases of diarrhea, medication history should be reconfirmed and this disease should be considered a differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Kaneko
- Depertment of Gastroenterology, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Higashi-2, Kita-6, Kitami, 090-0026, Japan
| | - Kana Matsuda
- Depertment of Gastroenterology, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Higashi-2, Kita-6, Kitami, 090-0026, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Mizuta
- Depertment of Gastroenterology, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Higashi-2, Kita-6, Kitami, 090-0026, Japan
| | - Shoya Shiratori
- Depertment of Gastroenterology, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Higashi-2, Kita-6, Kitami, 090-0026, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kishi
- Depertment of Gastroenterology, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Higashi-2, Kita-6, Kitami, 090-0026, Japan
| | - Akihisa Nakamura
- Depertment of Gastroenterology, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Higashi-2, Kita-6, Kitami, 090-0026, Japan
| | - Masataka Yagisawa
- Depertment of Gastroenterology, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Higashi-2, Kita-6, Kitami, 090-0026, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ehira
- Depertment of Gastroenterology, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Higashi-2, Kita-6, Kitami, 090-0026, Japan
| | - Minoru Uebayashi
- Depertment of Gastroenterology, Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Higashi-2, Kita-6, Kitami, 090-0026, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi-2 Hokkaido, Asahikawa, Japan
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Wang D, Li P, Odle J, Lin X, Zhao J, Xiao K, Liu Y. Modulation of intestinal stem cell homeostasis by nutrients: a novel therapeutic option for intestinal diseases. Nutr Res Rev 2021;:1-9. [PMID: 34100341 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells, which are capable of both self-renewal and differentiation to mature cell types, are responsible for maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Recent evidence indicates that these processes are mediated, in part, through nutritional status in response to diet. Diverse dietary patterns including caloric restriction, fasting, high-fat diets, ketogenic diets and high-carbohydrate diets as well as other nutrients control intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation through nutrient-sensing pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin and AMP-activated kinase. Herein, we summarise the current understanding of how intestinal stem cells contribute to intestinal epithelial homeostasis and diseases. We also discuss the effects of diet and nutrient-sensing pathways on intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as their potential application in the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases.
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15
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Hesta M, Costa M. How Can Nutrition Help with Gastrointestinal Tract-Based Issues? Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:63-87. [PMID: 33820610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many horses are fed differently than their wild ancestors. They often have limited access to pasture and are fed conserved forage and concentrates rich in starch and sugars, in only 2 meals per day. Feeding practices in contrast to natural feeding behavior can lead to gastrointestinal issues. Standard nutritional evaluation is warranted because of its important role in prevention and in treatment and management of diseases. When medical and nutritional treatments are combined, success rates are higher. New techniques to characterize equine microbiota have been used, allowing for microbiota manipulation to prevent and treat intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Hesta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke B9820, Belgium.
| | - Marcio Costa
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
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Flaih MH, Khazaal RM, Kadhim MK, Hussein KR, Alhamadani FAB. The epidemiology of amoebiasis in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq (2015-2020): differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar using nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiol Health 2021; 43:e2021034. [PMID: 33971701 PMCID: PMC8289477 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the present status of amoebiasis in Thi-Qar Province in southern Iraq, and to determine the presence of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar with nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS Epidemiological data were obtained from the public health department of the Thi-Qar Health Office (2015-2020). Eighty stool samples were also randomly collected from patients ≤12 year of age with diarrhea at 2 hospitals between the beginning of February 2020 and the end of October 2020. These samples were selected after microscopy to identify the 18S rRNA gene in Entamoeba DNA. RESULTS Of the 341,554 cases of intestinal parasitic infections, 38,004 (11.1%) individuals were recorded as having amoebiasis, which accounted for the highest proportion of infections in 2015 (26.1%) and the lowest in 2020 (8.1%). Amoebiasis was distributed among all age groups, with the age group of 5-14 years accounting for the highest proportion (27.3%). In molecular testing, 42 (52.5%) out of 80 samples were positive for the 18S rRNA gene (888 bp). Using nested PCR, E. histolytica (439 bp) was detected in 25 (31.3%) samples and E. dispar (174 bp) in 14 (17.5%), while using real-time PCR, E. histolytica and E. dispar were detected in 28 (35.0%) and 15 (18.8%) samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological data confirmed that amoebiasis is endemic in this province, and is not limited to certain months. Our study confirms the applicability of molecular identification to detect pathogenic and non-pathogenic Entamoeba to prescribe the appropriate drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hassan Flaih
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Nasiriyah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Ruaa Majid Khazaal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Nasiriyah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | | | - Khwam Reissan Hussein
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Nasiriyah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Nasiriyah, Iraq
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Lin Y, Wang G, Yu J, Sung JJY. Artificial intelligence and metagenomics in intestinal diseases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:841-847. [PMID: 33880764 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been shown to associate with the development of gastrointestinal diseases. In the last decade, development in whole metagenome sequencing and 16S rRNA sequencing technology has dramatically accelerated the gut microbiome's research and revealed its association with gastrointestinal disorders. Because of high dimensionality and complexity's intrinsic data characteristics, traditional bioinformatical methods could only explain the most significant changes with limited prediction accuracy. In contrast, machine learning is the application of artificial intelligence that provides the computational systems to automatically learn and improve from experience (training cohort) without being explicitly programmed. It is thus capable of unwiring high dimensionality and complicated correlational hitches. With modern computation power, machine learning is widely utilized to analyze microorganisms related to disease onset and other clinical features. It could help explore and identify novel biomarkers or improve the accuracy rate of disease diagnostic. This review summarized the most recent research that utilized machine learning to reveal the role of gut microbiota in intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Lin
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Guoping Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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18
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Ye X, Liao Y, Deng T. Comparison of the Positive Rate and Diagnostic Value of Capsule Endoscopy and Double-Balloon Enteroscopy in Small Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Arch Iran Med 2021; 24:218-223. [PMID: 33878880 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2021.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsule endoscopy (CE) and double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) have provided great help in the diagnosis and treatment of small bowel diseases (SBD). The aim of this study was to explore the positive rate and diagnostic value of CE and DBE for patients who were suspected of having SBD, and to make a comparison between the two methods. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the cases at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. We divided the patients into CE and DBE group, and recorded the basic characteristics of the patients, checking the results of CE and DBE, positive rate, sensitivity and specificity for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 244 patients were included in our research, including 122 in the CE group and 122 in the DBE group. The positive rate of CE for intestinal diseases was 84.4%, higher than that of DBE (78.7%), but DBE (75.2% and 92.3%) had higher sensitivity and specificity than CE (70.5% and 88.2%), though the differences were not statistically significant. The three most common positive findings in patients were inflammation, erosion, or ulcers (28.7%), vascular malformations (14.3%), and eminence lesions (9.0%). CE had a higher rate detection of inflammation, erosion, or ulcers than DBE (36.1% vs 21.3%), but they both had high positive rates for vascular malformations (13.9% and 14.8%). In addition, both methods had higher positive rates in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding compared to other symptoms. CONCLUSION CE and DBE are both important methods for intestinal examination. Patients can choose appropriate tests according to their condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuting Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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19
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Vignal C, Guilloteau E, Gower-Rousseau C, Body-Malapel M. Review article: Epidemiological and animal evidence for the role of air pollution in intestinal diseases. Sci Total Environ 2021; 757:143718. [PMID: 33223187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution is recognized as one of the leading causes of global burden of disease. Involvement of air pollution in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases was first recognized, and then cumulative data has indicated that the intestinal tract could be also damaged. AIM To review and discuss the current epidemiological and animal data on the effects of air pollution on intestinal homeostasis. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and Pubmed to gather relevant human and animal studies that have reported the effects of any air pollutant on the intestine. RESULTS Exposure to several gaseous and particulate matter components of air pollution have been associated either positively or negatively with the onset of various intestinal diseases including appendicitis, gastroenteric disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and peptic ulcers. Several atmospheric pollutants have been associated with modifications of gut microbiota in humans. Animal studies have showed that inhalation of atmospheric particulate matter can lead to modifications of gut microbiota, impairments of oxidative and inflammatory intestinal balances, and disruption of gut epithelial permeability. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the literature appears to indicate that the gut is an underestimated target of adverse health effects induced by air pollution. It is therefore important to develop additional studies that aim to better understand the link between air pollutants and gastro-intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vignal
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eva Guilloteau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Corinne Gower-Rousseau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; Epidemiology Unit, Epimad Registry, Lille University Hospital, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
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20
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Guo Y, Wang B, Wang T, Gao L, Yang ZJ, Wang FF, Shang HW, Hua R, Xu JD. Biological characteristics of IL-6 and related intestinal diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:204-219. [PMID: 33390844 PMCID: PMC7757046 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.51362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine serves as an important digestive and the largest immune organ in the body. Interleukin-6(IL-6), an important mediator of various pathways, participates in the interactions between different kinds of cells and closely correlates with intestinal physiological and pathological condition. In this review we summarize the signaling pathways of IL-6 and its functions in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. We also explored its relation with nervous system and highlight its potential role in Parkinson's disease. Based on its specialty of the double-side influences on intestinal tumors and inflammation, we summarize how they are done through distinctive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Bioengineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ze-Jun Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Wei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Abstract
Molecular imaging is a technique for imaging the processes occurring in a living body at a molecular level in real-time, combining molecular cell biology with advanced imaging technologies using molecular probes and fluorescence. Gastrointestinal endoscopic molecular imaging shows great promise for improving the identification of neoplasms, providing characterization for patient stratification and assessing the response to molecular targeted therapy. In inflammatory bowel disease, endoscopic molecular imaging can be used to assess disease severity and predict therapeutic response and prognosis. Endoscopic molecular imaging is also able to visualize dysplasia in the presence of background inflammation. Several preclinical and clinical trials have evaluated endoscopic molecular imaging; however, this area is just beginning to evolve, and many issues have not been solved yet. In the future, it is expected that endoscopic molecular imaging will be of increasing interest among clinicians as a new technology for the identification and evaluation of colorectal neoplasm and colitis-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Seok Ham
- Department of Gastroenterology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Seung-Jae Myung, Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3010-3917, Fax: +82-2- 476-0824, E-mail:
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Wang YM, Jia YT, Li ZX. Role of enteric glial cells in intestinal function and intestinal diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:979-985. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i19.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric glial cells, as a key component of the intestinal nervous system, not only have the function of nutrition and supporting intestinal neurons, but also participate in the regulation of various intestinal functions. Abnormal activation of enteric glial cells may also be one of the important pathogenic factors for inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal infection, intestinal obstruction, colon cancer, and other intestinal diseases. At present, the role of enteric glial cells in the occurrence and development of digestive system diseases remains to be elucidated. This paper reviews the research progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Wang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China,Department of Oncology, Heibei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yi-Tao Jia
- Department of Oncology, Heibei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Li
- the Second Department of Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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23
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Liu Y, Yu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. The role of MUC2 mucin in intestinal homeostasis and the impact of dietary components on MUC2 expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:884-891. [PMID: 32707285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MUC2 mucin is an important secretory protein found in the human gut. Recent studies indicated that MUC2 mucin plays a role in the protection of gut barrier, the regulation of microbiome homeostasis and the prevention of diseases. In this review, the physiological properties of MUC2 mucin and its interactions with the intestinal microbiome are firstly discussed. Its roles in intestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and parasitic infections are concluded. We also reviewed dietary components known to have modulative effects on MUC2 mucin expression, such as polysaccharides, amino acids and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xinjie Yu
- Hwa Chong Institution (College), 661 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 269734, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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Viñas A, Pardina E, Targarona J, Ruiz J, Pita AM, Virgili N, López-Tejero MD. Apolipoprotein A-IV measurements in paired venous and fingerprick blood samples: Agreement analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 502:261-262. [PMID: 31758932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Viñas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - E Pardina
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Targarona
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ruiz
- MIXeSTAT S.L., Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A M Pita
- Unitat de Nutrició i Dietètica, Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Virgili
- Unitat de Nutrició i Dietètica, Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M D López-Tejero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
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Taylor JS, de Ruijter V, Brewster R, Navalgund A, Axelrod L, Axelrod S, Dunn JCY, Wall JK. Cutaneous Patches to Monitor Myoelectric Activity of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Postoperative Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2019; 22:518-526. [PMID: 31777717 PMCID: PMC6856497 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2019.22.6.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited means exist to assess gastrointestinal activity in pediatric patients postoperatively. Recently, myoelectric gastrointestinal activity recorded by cutaneous patches has been shown in adult patients to be predictive of clinical return of gastrointestinal function postoperatively. The aim of this case series is to demonstrate the feasibility of this system in pediatric patients and to correlate myoelectric signals with return of bowel function clinically. METHODS Pediatric patients undergoing abdominal surgery were recruited to have wireless patches placed on the abdomen within two hours postoperatively. Myoelectric data were transmitted wirelessly to a mobile device with a user-interface and forwarded to a cloud server where processing algorithms identified episodes of motor activity, quantified their parameters and nominally assigned them to specific gastrointestinal organs based on their frequencies. RESULTS Three patients (ages 5 months, 4 year, 16 year) were recruited for this study. Multiple patches were placed on the older subjects, while the youngest had a single patch due to space limitations. Rhythmic signals of the stomach, small intestine, and colon could be identified in all three subjects. Patients showed gradual increase in myoelectric intestinal and colonic activity leading up to the first recorded bowel movement. CONCLUSION Measuring myoelectric intestinal activity continuously using a wireless patch system is feasible in a wide age range of pediatric patients. The increase in activity over time correlated well with the patients' return of bowel function. More studies are planned to determine if this technology can predict return of bowel function or differentiate between physiologic ileus and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vivian de Ruijter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Brewster
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anand Navalgund
- G-Tech Medical, Fogarty Institute for Innovation, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay Axelrod
- G-Tech Medical, Fogarty Institute for Innovation, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Steve Axelrod
- G-Tech Medical, Fogarty Institute for Innovation, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - James C Y Dunn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James K Wall
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Al Alkeem F, Loney T, Aziz F, Blair I, Sonnevend Á, Sheek-Hussein M. Prevalence and factors associated with infectious intestinal diseases in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, 2017: A population-based cross-sectional study. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 85:188-194. [PMID: 31202907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a rapidly developing high-income country that has experienced significant population growth, urbanization, and improvements in the standard of living since its formation in 1971. Published estimates on the prevalence of infectious intestinal diseases (IID) in the UAE are scarce and exclusively based on hospital data. The aim of this study was to provide the first prevalence estimates of IID in the UAE. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study design using a telephone-based questionnaire was used to estimate the IID prevalence in the previous 4 weeks in a representative sample of the Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) population from January to September 2017. RESULTS Data were collected from 1254 participants (57.3% male; 25.2% <18 years). The prevalence of IID was 4.2% in the 4 weeks prior to the interview. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that being female (odds ratio (OR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-5.1) and having a middle-range monthly household income (approx. USD 4080-<6800: OR 5.42, 95% CI 1.15-25.48; approx. USD 6800-<9530: OR 7.13, 95% CI 1.47-34.57) were positively associated with IID. Age ≥6 years was negatively associated with IID (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-0.99). Forty-nine percent of participants with an IID sought medical care and 20.8% took over-the-counter medication. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first population-based prevalence estimates of IID in the UAE, which are similar to those reported in China (4%), but lower than those reported in Canada (10%), the Netherlands (7%), and the USA (6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Al Alkeem
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - T Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, PO Box 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - F Aziz
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - I Blair
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Á Sonnevend
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - M Sheek-Hussein
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, United Arab Emirates.
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Wang ZL, Liu L, Hu XY, Guo L, Li QY, An Y, Jiang YJ, Chen S, Wang XQ, He Y, Li LQ. Probiotics may not prevent the deterioration of necrotizing enterocolitis from stage I to II/III. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:185. [PMID: 31176363 PMCID: PMC6556034 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic therapy can reduce the incidence of NEC. Therapeutic use of probiotics after NEC diagnosis reduces the severity of NEC in preterm infants or full-term infants is unclear. To evaluate the effect of probiotics on preventing the deterioration of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) from stage I to II/III. METHODS A retrospective matched cohort study was performed. Included patients were ultimately divided into two groups: the probiotic treatment group (probiotics were used ≥4 days) and the no probiotic treatment group. The differences in deterioration trends between the two groups were compared. Additionally, the risk factors associated with the deterioration of NEC were further analyzed with a case-control study. RESULTS A total of 231 infants met the inclusion criteria. Eighty-one pairs were matched according to similar gestational age and birth weight. Before matching, we found that the rate of deterioration of NEC from stage I to II/III in the group with probiotic treatment was similar to that in the group without probiotic treatment (23.1% [25/108] vs 26.0% [32/123], P = 0.614). After matching, the rate of deterioration of NEC between the two groups still had no significant difference (21.0% [17/81] vs 27.2% [22/81], P = 0.358). Logistic regression analysis showed that sepsis after NEC was an independent risk factor for NEC deteriorating from stage I to II/III (OR 2.378, 95% CI 1.005-5.628, P = 0.049). CONCLUSION Probiotics may not prevent the deterioration of NEC from stage I to II/III in infants, but this conclusion should be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Li Wang
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hu
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yu Li
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao An
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Jiang
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiu Wang
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Quan Li
- Department of Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, Zhong shan 2 Road, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
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Zhuang S, Zhong J, Zhou Q, Zhong Y, Liu P, Liu Z. Rhein protects against barrier disruption and inhibits inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:321-7. [PMID: 30952096 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal epithelial barrier and intestinal inflammation play indispensable roles in the development of intestinal diseases. The major aims of the current study were to investigate the potential of rhein, a major flavonoid compound isolated from Rheum rhabarbarum, in the treatment of intestinal diseases and its underlying mechanisms in vitro. METHODS The protective role of rhein on intestinal epithelial barrier was evaluated in a monolayer of IEC-6 cells stimulated by TNF-α, while the anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in an IEC-6 cell model with LPS stimulation. RESULTS Rhein inhibited the increase of phenol red flux and the decrease of TEER, as well as recovered the expression and distribution of ZO-1 and weakened MLC phosphorylation, MLCK expression and NF-κB activation. Meanwhile, LPS-stimulated IL-1β and IL-6 were down-regulated, expression levels of TLR4, NLRP3 and cleaved caspase1 were weakened and NF-κB was inactivated. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that rhein has potential therapeutic effects against intestinal diseases by maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier and suppressing intestinal inflammation.
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You SC, Park H, Yoon D, Park S, Joung B, Park RW. Olmesartan is not associated with the risk of enteropathy: a Korean nationwide observational cohort study. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:90-98. [PMID: 29172402 PMCID: PMC6325440 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Olmesartan, a widely used angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), has been linked to sprue-like enteropathy. No cases of olmesartan-associated enteropathy have been reported in Northeast Asia. We investigated the associations between olmesartan and other ARBs and the incidence of enteropathy in Korea. METHODS Our retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service to identify 108,559 patients (58,186 females) who were initiated on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis), olmesartan, or other ARBs between January 2005 and December 2012. The incidences of enteropathy were compared among drug groups. Changes in body weight were compared after propensity score matching of patients in the ACEis and olmesartan groups. RESULTS Among 108,559 patients, 31 patients were diagnosed with enteropathy. The incidences were 0.73, 0.24, and 0.37 per 1,000 persons, in the ACEis, olmesartan, and other ARBs groups, respectively. Adjusted rate ratios for enteropathy were: olmesartan, 0.33 (95% confidential interval [CI], 0.10 to 1.09; p = 0.070) and other ARBs, 0.34 (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.83; p = 0.017) compared to the ACEis group after adjustment for age, sex, income level, and various comorbidities. The post hoc analysis with matched cohorts revealed that the proportion of patients with significant weight loss did not differ between the ACEis and olmesartan groups. CONCLUSION Olmesartan was not associated with intestinal malabsorption or significant body weight loss in the general Korean population. Additional large-scale prospective studies of the relationship between olmesartan and the incidence of enteropathy in the Asian population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Chan You
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hojun Park
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dukyong Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Park
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Correspondence to Rae Woong Park, M.D. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea Tel: +82-31-219-4471 Fax: +82-31-219-4472 E-mail:
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Sun X, Jia Z. Microbiome modulates intestinal homeostasis against inflammatory diseases. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 205:97-105. [PMID: 30459007 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eliminating prophylactic antibiotics in food animal production has exerted pressure on discovering antimicrobial alternatives (e.g. microbiome) to reduce elevated intestinal diseases. Intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem coupling host cells with microbiota. The microbiota and its metabolic activities and products are collectively called microbiome. Intestinal homeostasis is reached through dynamic and delicate crosstalk between host immunity and microbiome. However, this balance can be occasionally broken, which results in intestinal inflammatory diseases such as human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, chicken necrotic enteritis, and swine postweaning diarrhea. In this review, we introduce the intestinal immune system, intestinal microbiome, and microbiome modulation of inflammation against intestinal diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide updated knowledge on host-microbe interaction and to promote using microbiome as new antimicrobial strategies to reduce intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolun Sun
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, United States.
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
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Abstract
Behçet disease (BD) is a variable vessel vasculitis that can involve several organs and systems. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement has an acute exacerbating course with ulcers, most commonly in the ileocolonic area. These ulcers can be large and deep, causing perforation and massive bleeding. This article highlights the current knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and management of GI involvement of BD, with emphasis on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Hatemi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Koca Mustafa Pasa Mahallesi, Cerrahpaşa Caddesi No:53, 34096 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulen Hatemi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Koca Mustafa Paşa Mahallesi, Cerrahpasa Caddesi No:53, 34096 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ferhat Çelik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Koca Mustafa Pasa Mahallesi, Cerrahpaşa Caddesi No:53, 34096 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lin SR, Zhang Q, Wu QF. Sirtuins and intestinal diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1219-1224. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i20.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (Sirts) are a family of histone deacetylases relying on highly conservative nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Sirts are involved in gene expression silencing, metabolism, apoptosis, repair of DNA damage, and other cellular life processes. In recent years, studies have found that Sirts play an important role in the process of multisystem diseases. In the gut, Sirts are involved in intestinal inflammation, repair of intestinal barrier damage, regulating intestinal dynamics and so on. Sirts regulate the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer) at the levels of gene transcription, protein expression, and post-translational modification. This article reviews the role of Sirts in the development of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Rui Lin
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiao-Feng Wu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
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Weidner TK, Kidwell JT, Glasgow AE, Menias CO, Ahn DH, Pai RK, Heigh RI, Mishra N. Small Intestine Neuroendocrine Tumor in a Patient With MUTYH Adenomatous Polyposis-Case Report and SEER Analysis. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2018; 17:e545-8. [PMID: 29843990 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang X, Hao GL, Gao CC, Wang YX, Liu YH, Qiu ZQ, Li LS, Xu JD. Intestinal mast cells and their function. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:601-608. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i10.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells develop from the CD34+ precursor cells in bone marrow, are activated in the gut, and can release a variety of bioactive mediators, including histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and tryptase. They play a crucial role in intestinal innate and adaptive immunity because of their diverse secretory granules and unique mature characteristics. Many studies have shown that a variety of intestinal diseases have close relationship with mast cells, especially inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and intestinal allergic diseases, which has attracted extensive attention. In this paper, we review the function and mechanism of intestinal mast cells and their role in the treatment of related clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gui-Liang Hao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | | | | | - Yue-Hong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Yasutomi E, Hoshi N, Adachi S, Otsuka T, Kong L, Ku Y, Yamairi H, Inoue J, Ishida T, Watanabe D, Ooi M, Yoshida M, Tsukimi T, Fukuda S, Azuma T. Proton Pump Inhibitors Increase the Susceptibility of Mice to Oral Infection with Enteropathogenic Bacteria. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:881-9. [PMID: 29327263 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most frequently prescribed medications. Side effects including an increased risk of intestinal infections have been reported. It is assumed that PPIs can increase susceptibility to enteropathogens; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here in this study, we explored whether Lansoprazole (Laz), one of the PPIs, increases the susceptibility to enteropathogens, and further investigated the mechanism of it. METHODS Mice were administered Laz intraperitoneally once daily and orally infected with Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium). The establishment of intestinal infection was assessed by histology and inflammatory cytokine expression levels measured by quantitative PCR. To test whether Laz changes the intestinal environment to influence the susceptibility, intestinal pH, microbiota, metabolites and immune cell distributions were evaluated via pH measurement, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metabolome, and flow cytometry analyses after Laz administration. RESULTS Colitis was induced with less C. rodentium in Laz-treated mice as compared with the controls. We found that increased numbers of C. rodentium could reach the cecum following Laz administration. Laz increased pH in the stomach but not in the intestines. It induced dysbiosis and changed the metabolite content of the small intestine. However, these changes did not lead to alterations of immune cell distribution. CONCLUSIONS Laz raised susceptibility to C. rodentium as increased numbers of the pathogen reach the site of infection. Our results suggest that it was due to increased stomach pH which allowed more peroral enteropathogens to pass the stomach, but not because of changes of intestinal environment.
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Handaya Y, Maryanto A, Marijata. Side-to-Side Ileosigmoidostomy Shunting Surgery for the Treatment of Elderly Patients With Chronic Constipation. Ann Coloproctol 2018; 33:249-252. [PMID: 29354609 PMCID: PMC5768481 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2017.33.6.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a digestive disorder that often occurs in the elderly; its main cause is bowel motility disorder. Treatments for patients with chronic constipation include pharmacotherapy, diet changes, and surgery if other therapies do not offer satisfactory results. We describe 4 patients, 2 men (70 and 65 years old) and 2 women (75 and 66 years old), who were diagnosed with chronic constipation (slow transit constipation) and treated with conventional therapy, but did not improve. For that reason, side-to-side ileosigmoidostomy shunting surgery was performed. After the surgery, the average time until normal defecation was 16 days, and the defecation frequency was 3 to 4 times a day with no need for a laxative. No patient had a recurrence of constipation. Based on these results, side-to-side ileosigmoidostomy shunting surgery is expected to restore digestive function and can be considered as an alternative therapy for elderly patients with chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Handaya
- Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agung Maryanto
- Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marijata
- Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Ke LQ, Huang J, Liu LL, Huang MJ, Zhang Q, Wang JC, Zhang W. [Differential expression and clinical significance of calretinin in total colonic aganglionosis]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2017; 46:623-628. [PMID: 28910873 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the differential calretinin immunostaining in different segments of total colonic aganglionosis and its utility in the diagnosis. Methods: Nine specimens including ileum and colon segments were obtained from 9 patients with total colonic aganglionosis (TCA), from 2010 to 2016 year, in Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Another 9 ganglionic specimens including the same segments from patients with non-Hirschsprung disease (non-HD) patients were collected as control. All cases were immunostained with calretinin. The patterns of calretinin immunostaining were observed, and morphometric analysis of each sample was performed by image analysis program (Image-Pro-Plus). The mean absorbance was evaluated by calculating the areas of the lamina propria occupied by the positively stained area of the calretinin at high power field. Results: The same pattern of calretinin immunostaining was seen in ganglionic ileum and ganglionic colon segments, with staining seen in intrinsic nerves fibers (INF), and in granular aggregates in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. There was no significant difference in the numbers of calretinin-positive INF from the ganglionic segments. In contrast, the number of calretinin-positive INF and granular aggregates in aganglionic segments were significantly lower than those in the ganglionic group (P<0.01). In the ileum transitional zone, scattered calretinin staining was observed, and the amount of calretinin-positive INF was significantly lower than those in the proximal segment of ganlionic ileum (P<0.01). Conclusions: Since there is significant different expression of calretinin among the different segments from TCA, calretinin immunostaining has potential value in detecting TCA. It could be an important adjunctive method in detecting TCA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Q Ke
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430015, China
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Abstract
Animal models and clinical studies have shown that helminth infections exert immunomodulatory activity, altering intestinal permeability and providing a potential beneficial action on autoimmune and inflammatory disorders in human beings, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease. This is consistent with the theory that intestinal microbiota is responsible for shaping human immunological responses. With the arrival of the immunobiologic era and the use of antibodies, we propose a distinctive pathway for treating patients with IBD and celiac disease. We have some evidence about the safety and tolerability of helminth use, but evidence about their impact on disease activity is lacking. Using worms to treat diseases could be a possible way to lower treatment costs, since the era of immunobiologic agents is responsible for a significant rise in expenses. Some questions remain to be investigated regarding the use of helminths in intestinal disease, such as the importance of the specific species of helminths used, appropriate dosing regimens, optimal timing of treatment, the role of host genetics, diet, environment, and the elucidation of the exact mechanisms of action. One promising approach is the use of helminth-derived anti-inflammatory molecules as drugs. Yet there are still many challenges with this method, especially with regard to safety. Studies on intestinal permeability point to Strongyloides stercoralis as a useful nematode for these purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytan Miranda Sipahi
- LIM 07-Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clínicas Hospital of University of São Paulo-HCFMUSP and, School of Medicine at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Daniel Machado Baptista
- LIM 07-Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clínicas Hospital of University of São Paulo-HCFMUSP and, School of Medicine at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
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Souza-Gallardo LM, Martínez-Ordaz JL. [Acute appendicitis. Surgical and non-surgical treatment]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2017; 55:76-81. [PMID: 28092251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Appendicitis represents a common disease for the surgeon with a relative risk between 7-8%. It was thought that if more time passed between diagnosis and treatment, the risk for complications, such as perforation or abscess formation, was higher; nevertheless; the evolution is variable, making necessary the development of different strategies such as antibiotic use only, interval surgery or endoscopic treatment. The purpose of this study is to make a revision in the management of appendicitis comparing conservative and surgical treatment. It is known that traditional management of appendicitis is appendectomy with a complication rate of 2.5% to 48%. Nowadays, laparoscopy is the approach of choice by many surgeons and there have proposed new invasive techniques such as endoscopic treatment with the use of prosthesis and ambulatory surgery. Antibiotic use is essential in the management of appendicitis. Its use as the only strategy to treat this disease has the purpose of lowering costs and diminishing complications related to surgery or the resection of the organ. We conclude that the ideal management of appendicitis remains controversial and it will depend of the clinical characteristics of each patient and the resources available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Souza-Gallardo
- Servicio de Gastrocirugía, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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Hu CAA, Hou Y, Yi D, Qiu Y, Wu G, Kong X, Yin Y. Autophagy and tight junction proteins in the intestine and intestinal diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:123-127. [PMID: 29767173 PMCID: PMC5945941 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium (IE) forms an indispensible barrier and interface between the intestinal interstitium and the luminal environment. The IE regulates water, ion and nutrient transport while providing a barrier against toxins, pathogens (bacteria, fungi and virus) and antigens. The apical intercellular tight junctions (TJ) are responsible for the paracellular barrier function and regulate trans-epithelial flux of ions and solutes between adjacent cells. Increased intestinal permeability caused by defects in the IE TJ barrier is considered an important pathogenic factor for the development of intestinal inflammation, diarrhea and malnutrition in humans and animals. In fact, defects in the IE TJ barrier allow increased antigenic penetration, resulting in an amplified inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conversely, the beneficial enhancement of the intestinal TJ barrier has been shown to resolve intestinal inflammation and apoptosis in both animal models of IBD and human IBD. Autophagy (self-eating mechanism) is an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation and recycling pathway essential for cell survival and homeostasis. Dysregulated autophagy has been shown to be directly associated with many pathological processes, including IBD. Importantly, the crosstalk between IE TJ and autophagy has been revealed recently. We showed that autophagy enhanced IE TJ barrier function by increasing transepithelial resistance and reducing the paracellular permeability of small solutes and ions, which is, in part, by targeting claudin-2, a cation-selective, pore-forming, transmembrane TJ protein, for lysosome (autophagy)-mediated degradation. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that the inflamed intestinal mucosa in patients with active IBD has increased claudin-2 expression. In addition, inflammatory cytokines (for example, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-13, and interleukin-17) whose levels are increased in IBD patients cause an increase in claudin-2 expression and a claudin-2-dependent increase in TJ permeability. Thus, the role of claudin-2 in intestinal pathological processes has been attributed, in part, to the increase of intestinal TJ permeability. Claudin-2 represents a new therapeutic target in treating IBD, diarrhea and malnutrition in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An A. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131, USA
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Engineering, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Engineering, Changsha 410125, China
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
Clostridium difficile (CD), as one of the normal flora in human and animal intestine, is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus. It could cause opportunistic infections, resulting in CD-associated diarrhea, CD-associated colitis and other intestinal diseases. There have ever been massive epidemics of CD infection in both China and other countries, and it has became a global public health problem. The main pathogenic toxins of CD are toxin A, toxin B and newly discovered binary toxins (CDT). For CD infection prevention and treatment, the reasonable use of new antimicrobial drugs, traditional Chinese medicine, probiotics, CD vaccine and other clinical treatments can be adopted.
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Abstract
Real-time visualization of the molecular signature of cells can be achieved with advanced targeted imaging techniques using molecular probes and fluorescence endoscopy. This molecular optical imaging in gastrointestinal endoscopy is promising for improving the detection of neoplastic lesions, their characterization for patient stratification, and the assessment of their response to molecular targeted therapy and radiotherapy. In inflammatory bowel disease, this method can be used to detect dysplasia in the presence of background inflammation and to visualize inflammatory molecular targets for assessing disease severity and prognosis. Several preclinical and clinical trials have applied this method in endoscopy; however, this field has just started to evolve. Hence, many problems have yet to be solved to enable the clinical application of this novel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park S, Lee JB, Kim KJ, Oh YS, Kim MO, Oh YR, Hwang MA, Lee JA, Lee SW. Efficacy of a commercial live attenuated Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine in a large scale field trial in Korea. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2013; 2:135-9. [PMID: 23858405 PMCID: PMC3710922 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2013.2.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) is known as one of the most important risk factors causing economic losses in swine industry worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial oral attenuated Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine (Enterisol Ileitis) against PPE under a commercial pig farm condition in Korea. Materials and Methods Thirty two-day-old 672 piglets were randomly allocated into vaccinated and control groups. All piglets in the vaccinated group were inoculated with a commercial attenuated L. intracellularis vaccine as following the manufacturer's instruction. Body weights of all pigs in both groups were measured on the vaccination day and 6, 14, and 20 weeks post vaccination and an average daily weight gain (ADWG) was calculated. Health status was observed biweekly during the whole trial. Results The vaccinated group showed significantly higher body weight (p<0.05) and ADWG (p<0.05) than those of the control group. The vaccinated group had significantly reduced impairments in activity, growth, defecation frequency, and stool hardness (p<0.05). Additional health benefits and improved weight gain by the vaccination produced a 4.2:1 return of investment, and the higher gross margin was $4.80 per pig. Conclusion Our finding suggests that the L. intracellularis vaccine program has effects on the substantial health and economic benefits in the Korean swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangshin Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Zhao WJ, Lv JL. Application of probiotics in the treatment of intestinal diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1389-1393. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i13.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics has been widely applied to medical treatment and health and food industries thanks to its regulatory effect on the micro-ecological balance of the human body. Recent advances in research of intestinal diseases have led to a better understanding of the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of these diseases. This paper summarizes the beneficial functions of probiotics and mechanisms involved. Meanwhile, we review its application in the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Cirillo C, Sarnelli G, Esposito G, Turco F, Steardo L, Cuomo R. S100B protein in the gut: The evidence for enteroglial-sustained intestinal inflammation. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1261-6. [PMID: 21455324 PMCID: PMC3068260 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i10.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cells in the gut represent the morphological and functional equivalent of astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, the role of enteric glial cells (EGCs) has extended from that of simple nutritive support for enteric neurons to that of being pivotal participants in the regulation of inflammatory events in the gut. Similar to the CNS astrocytes, the EGCs physiologically express the S100B protein that exerts either trophic or toxic effects depending on its concentration in the extracellular milieu. In the CNS, S100B overexpression is responsible for the initiation of a gliotic reaction by the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, which may have a deleterious effect on neighboring cells. S100B-mediated pro-inflammatory effects are not limited to the brain: S100B overexpression is associated with the onset and maintenance of inflammation in the human gut too. In this review we describe the major features of EGCs and S100B protein occurring in intestinal inflammation deriving from such.
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Abstract
Several reports have described an apparently uncommon clinicopathological disorder that is characterized by multifocal stenosing small-intestinal ulceration. Compared to Crohn’s disease, the ulcers are not transmural and typically remain shallow, and involve only the mucosa and submucosa. The disorder seems to be localized in the jejunum and proximal ileum only, and not the distal ileum or colon. Only nonspecific inflammatory changes are present without giant cells or other typical features of granulomatous inflammation. Most patients present clinically with recurrent obstructive events that usually respond to steroids, surgical resection, or both. With the development of newer imaging modalities to visualize the small-intestinal mucosa, such as double-balloon enteroscopy, improved understanding of the long-term natural history of this apparently distinctive disorder should emerge.
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Abstract
Capsule endoscopy has been widely used since it was approved by the Food & Drug Administration in the USA in 2001. It plays an important role in the investigation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, Crohn's disease and complications of coeliac disease, and surveillance of polyposis syndromes in adults. Despite a lag in its use in paediatrics, capsule endoscopy offers an accurate and effective means of investigating the small bowel in children. It has opened up new horizons and provided a noninvasive approach to identify occult lesions in the small bowel. This article reviews the recent advance in clinical applications of capsule endoscopy.
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48
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Gay G, Delvaux M, Frederic M. Capsule endoscopy in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-enteropathy and miscellaneous, rare intestinal diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:5237-44. [PMID: 18785273 PMCID: PMC2744051 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances over the last decade, mucosal lesions of the small bowel are poorly detected by imaging studies such as CT scan, MRI-enteroclysis and contrast-enhanced abdominal ultrasound. Capsule endoscopy (CE) has dramatically changed the diagnostic approach to intestinal diseases. Moreover, the use of CE can be extended to include other conditions. However, it is difficult to assess the positive influence of CE on patient outcomes in conditions involving a small number of patients, or in critically ill and difficult to examine patients. CE has the advantage of diagnosing intestinal lesions and of directing the use of double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in order to obtain biopsy specimens. Moreover, CE allows repeated assessment in chronic conditions, especially to detect relapse of an infectious disease.
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49
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Abstract
Abdominal pain and bowel habits alterations are common symptoms in the general population. The investigation to differentiate organic from functional bowel disorders represents a considerable burden both for patients and public health service. The selection of patients who should undergo endoscopic and/or radiological procedures is one of the key points of the diagnostic process, which should avoid the abuse of invasive and expensive tests as well as the underestimation of potentially harmful diseases. Over the coming years, clinicians and researchers will be challenged to develop strategies to increase the patient’s compliance and to reduce the economic and social costs of the intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Costa
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine,University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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50
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Zhou DY, Jiang B, Yang XS. Advances and applications of enteroscopy for small bowel. World J Gastroenterol 1997; 3:205-7. [PMID: 27053864 PMCID: PMC4806232 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v3.i4.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/1996] [Revised: 07/07/1996] [Accepted: 08/13/1996] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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